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Developing China’s Ports
(container, roll-on/roll-off, passenger, and cruise) to be capable of using shore power by 2020. A special fund was set up, and ¥ 743 million in financial support was provided to more than 200 projects. As of the end of June 2019, 3,700 systems to supply shore power had been constructed nationwide, and 5,200 terminals had supply capabilities, reaching 57 percent of the 2020 target set in the Port Shore Power Layout Plan.7 Following initiatives to increase the availability of shore power, China also introduced stricter requirements for its use. Since July 1, 2019, vessels engaged in international voyages that have the ability to receive shore power (except tankers or vessels using “equivalent measures”) have been required to use shore power if berthed for longer than three hours. As of January 1, 2021, cruise ships are required to use shore power when berthed for longer than three hours in a berth where shore power is available (photo 2.4). Ship emission control zones to reduce emissions of air pollutants. Ship emission control zones took effect in the Yangtze River Delta in April 2016 and in the Pearl River Delta and Bohai Sea in January 2017 (map 2.5). In 2019, the zones were extended to the national coastal territorial waters. Once a ship enters a control zone, it must switch to a fuel with less than 0.5 percent sulfur content, as compared with the global maximum, which was 3.5 percent sulfur content up to January 1, 2021.8 China has introduced more stringent measures in some areas. For example, as of January 1, 2022, a sulfur cap of 0.1 percent is being applied to seagoing vessels entering Hainan waters within the coastal emission control zones; the same applies to designated “inland control areas,” including the navigable waters of the Yangtze River main lines and the Xijiang River main lines. Switching from oil to electricity for rubber-tired container gantry cranes. Between 2015 and 2020, 2,300 rubber-tired container gantry cranes switched to electricity, resulting in a reduction in port diesel consumption of about 250,000 tons per year.
PHOTO 2.4
Wind power, Port of Wuxi
Source: © VCG. Used with the permission of VCG. Further permission required for reuse.
