РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ
Банковские учреждения в развивающихся странах Том 1: Укрепление руководства и повышение чувствительности к переменам Документ Всемирного банка Информационный центр в России
финансы и инвестиции
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
;t8
*
VNN4
IHHCTIvITyT 3KoHoMI1ieCKoro pa3B3IT1I,
Economic Development
BceMupHblii baHK
of The World Bank
Institute
BAHKOBCKIIE YIPE)MAEHHII B PA3BH4BA1OJJI1XC5J CTPAHAX 11323
ToM I
V.1
YKpennIeHHe PYKOBOQCTBa H HOBbILueHHe
tJyBCTBHTeJlbHOCTII K
nIepemeHam
Ai4aHa MaKHOTOH
Banking Institutions in Developing Markets Volume 1. Building Strong Management and Responding to Change Diana McNaughton
TEXHIH ECKHE MATEPIJA Ib!IPH
2;P
*,
0
~
ii~~~~R S
0
=
-
© 1994 BceMapHbib BCeMHpHbJii
BaHK PeKOHCTpyKgHH H Pa3BHTHR/
BaHK
1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433 Bce npaBa
CoxpaHEIoTCH
HMo,roBAeHo B
ClUA
Repas! ny6AHKaJHE Ha pyccKoM s3blKe s 1994 r. BnepBble ony6A.KoBaHo Ha aHrAHHcKoM
Bce aBTOpaM
MHeHHR, H He
OTKpbITHS KOHM
1992 r.
SbIKe B oKTsi6pe
H HHTepnIpHTagHH,
Bbipam2eHHbie
o6pa.oM He aOAMOHbi 6blTb CBR3BHbi
B 3TOM H3AaHHH
co BCeMHpHbIM
npHHaAAe2KaT HCKAIO9HTeAbHO BaHKOM,
CBJ3aHHbIMH
C HHM
opraHH3auJ!SMH, qAeHaMH CoBeTa AHpexTopoB HAH cTpaHaMH, KoTopbIe OHH npeacTaBARIoT. MaTepHaA pasMHo2KeHHfl
BTOH ny66AHKaUHH KaxoH-AH6o
yKa3aHHoMy B CHOCKe
noAnaAaeT
nfOA AeHcTBHe
macTH 9TOH ny6AHKaUHH
o KonHpaHTe.
saKoHa
AoAonHbi
0
KorHpaNTe.
HanpaBAsAThc
BceMHpHbiii BaHK rioopsAeT pacnpocTpaHeHHe
CBOeBpeMeHHO AaeT cBoe pa3peuieHHe
Ha nepeH3AaHHe.
B
TOM cAy4ae,
3aRBKH
B BIopo
Ha
paspeineMze
H3AaHmA no aApecy,
cBoHx MaTepHaAoB H o6bmHO
eCAH nepeH3AaHne
ocyWecTvAReTcJ
B
HeKoMMep'ecKHx IeANx, BceMHpHbIii BaHK He Tpe6yeT oTAeAbHoH nAaTbi 3a csoe pa3peuleHHe. Pa3peuseHHA Ha neperiemaTKy
OTVeAbHbIX
OTpbIBKOB
AAR
HcnoAb3oBaHNR
B
yqe6Hbix
UeAMx O6 briHO BbiaaioTcs
B
Copyright
Clearance Center, Suite 910, Rosewood Drive, Danvers, Massachusetts 01923 U.S.A. FIOAJbiH
Ily6AHKaii,
CnHCOK
ny6AHKaUHi
BceMHpHOrO
BaHKa
B KOTOpOM Bce H3AaHHR pacnoAo2KeHb1
6
o biNHO
aTO H3AaHHe MomHo 6ecnAaTHo nOAyqHTb B
cTpaHaM H perHoHaM.
npHBOAHTCR
B aAq)aBwTHoM
B rOAOBOM
H3AaHHH
CrcHKa
nopiAKe, a TaK2Ke no aNTOpaM, TeMaM,
Distribution Unit, Office of the Publisher, HAH B Publications, The World
The World Bank, 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. Bank, 66, avenue d'Iena, 75116 Paris, France.
KpHc ASm. BapATpon HanHCaHHA KHHrH OH
6
q)HHaHcoBofi nOAHTHKH
ABA1eTCS
cTapuwHM napTHepoM BapATpon Acc, OaKToH, BHPAmHHHR.
bLA KOHCyAbTaHTOM BceMHpHoro H cHcTeM
BaHKa. AH4aHa MaxHoTOH
-
Ha MoMeHT
BeAyHgHH cneH&asHcT oTAeAa
AenapTaMeHTa BKOHOMHK cTpaH BceMHpHoro BaHKa.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Banking institutions in developing markets. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. Contents: v. 1. Building strong management and responding to change / Diana McNaughton ... [et al.] - v.
2. Interpreting financial statements
/ Chris J. Barltrop, Diana McNaughton.
ISBN 0-8213-2217-6 (v. 1.) - ISBN 0-8213-2218-4 (v. 2.) 1. Banks and banking - Developing countries. 2. Bank management - Developing countries. 3. Financial statements - Developing countries. 1. McNaughton, Diana, 1942- . II. Barltrop, Christopher, 1940HG3550.b36 1992 332.1'09172'4 - dc2O
92-27893 CIP
OrFAJuueNe BCTYIAEHHE ...............................................................................
ii
nPEAHCAOBHE ............................................................................................
xi
1. K COBEPUIIEHHOH BAHKOBCKOH CHCTEME .................................................... I 3HA4EH E YYIIPABAEH R .................................................................. IIPEAIOCbIAKM HAMEKHOrO YrlPABAEHUH BAHKOM ................................................................. KOPIOPATHBHOE YrIPABAEH E .................................................................................. neepsocrenIeHHOe SHaveHHe CoBreTa H B
axpa6or7 a
HOA1NTWKH
2
2 3
OB...............................................
.............................................................
4 5
I....................................................................
XAPAKTEPUCTUKA HAAE2KHOrO YrlPABAEHMH ................................................................. 5 IIHCTUTYUIOHAAbHOE PA3BHTM E OCHOBHbIX BAHKOBCKHX (DYHKLUH ........................................... 6 I AlawHNpoB wHNe .................................................................................................. Ynpammemie Kpe.4-THbIM pNCXOM .........................................
.....................
6
........................................................
7
(HHamc0Boe yfpaBAeHHe .............................................................................................
7
,
YnpaaAeHHe YeAoBevecxHM HpeCypCamH.................................................................................................. , CHCMeMbA AKOHTpQMH....................................................................................................................
7
9
3AKAIOMEHME .................................................................
9
2. nAAHHPOBAHHE ..................................................................
11
OnP
11
EAEAEHHE nAAHUPOBAHIH ..................................................................................
OCOBEHHOCTU !1AAHHPOBAHHH B bAHKAX B YCAOBUHX PA3BHBAIOWHXCHi (DHAHCOBbIX PbIHKOB ....... ........................................................................ KoppexHNpOBxa
13
3
HHaHCOBON lla4Hf7WK ......................................................................................................
H-CrmNyfOHaAlHaJH
pab
...............................
.
.
.
f4
.14.....
HCrIOAb3OBAHME CUCTEMbl MOAEAbHOrO FIAAHHPOBAHIH ...................................................... BIAb1 rAAHOB .................................................................... crrarerNReeKeKneaHNAaBaNeoBa
Taxn7iecKoe
w ................................................................................................................
14 15 =@6 * 9@@@4 . t&16@..
.....................................................
17
HAaHJfpoBaHHe
17
WmHamcoBoe Ff4aHHPOB4HHe H cocTa&eAMe 6boer..OB...
PA3PABOTKA CTPATErU .............................................. 18 nPOUECC OFIEPATI4BHOrO F HAAHPOBAHMH .............................................. 22 lasa BBO4a A4aHHbX H aya4ga .............................................. 24 (Zasa
Rp7HHHTH2 peuemi. .................................................... ,... Dasa 4oKyMemrpoBaHHjI.................................................... tVasa o6sopa BbJHOaHeHHJ1 IIama.........................................................................
27 29 30
OBPA3EJ COPMbl H CO4EPPKAH H FlAAHA .................................................... 31 OcHoBH,b.e AKa7reopHH riAafa .....................................................................................
Ciparemnu 1104pawewIHJ B IIeCTH BoHax yIpaa.Aer ............................................................................
... *fsa.31 X*@ 0*
36
3AKAIOEHHE M KPATKUEE BbIBOAbl .................................................... 40 rIPHAo?IEHHE A. [IPOBEPKA CTPATErI- .................................................... 42 OueAxa crparenriecxoro)LiaHa pb{u.ra .................................................... 42
OyeHIa n7Aaa .................................................... OgeHKa CIICTebM
cTpaTrrNecxom ILIHpoB I O
.
42
.4........................................ .. .44
[IPHAO0KEHHE B. IPOEKLJMOHHAH MO4EAb BAHKA ................................................ 46 BaAamcowawz o7ve ................................................ 47 O rYer o #4oxQoax ...................................................................................................................................
3. YnPABAEHHIE KPEAHTHbIMH PHCKAMH .....................................
47 57
!
3AaAw YnPABAEHHR KPEAHTHbIMH PHCKAMU ................................................. 57
.,.,
m iIoBmmemoe v.wcmaHreAbHocrH Kr lepemeHaM
YwpeIOAemme pywOBO4r'cTB
.................. 58 KPEA,HTHbIM PUICKOM B PA3BHBAIOW1XC3 PbIHKAX .......... TPY4HOCTH YrIPABAEHHI KPEAHTHAR I1OAUTHKA: OCHOBHblE IIOAO2KEHHA H IPOLJEAYPbl ..................................................... 59 Kpe4Xr M " HOAmIn oJra ............................................................................................................
59
..........
62
AkwisrMBbI .....................................................................................................
63
I7pqMe4YPhl ..................................................................................................... OB30P YlIPABAEHHR KPEA4HTHblM PHCKOM ................................................................................... HsaYaAo
npoyecca n7pejocTasSmeuN
A HaA S3
HCToYiHHxoB
C
Ifpe4- - - .4ojr
7ee ieHHC H rapaHTHm
70 72
........................................................................................................................
75 77
HABAIO,4EHHE 3A KPF4HTOM ........................................................... FIPOBAEMHblE KPEAH1Tbl 1HPAbOTA C HH4MH ....................................................................... ............................................... . ..................................... WaAb TpeBO-Mbie CNH .... .. .... .. .... ........................................ SepBas peaxyNY Ha noreHyNavltHo npo6sess~HMleJupAN ................................... C rpavemff ';c acems " X oe.4Hra ......................................... KAaccmpHNXaffl
7LpCKoe otpp
aKTHBOB H 6yx
- 10
O
T4eAbr
H
M
a
Nip
A aAbl
........................................................................
...............
Kpe4
- 0J7.4,oKyme-qUHHN
........................................................................... .........................
KPe4NPmbie o6YOpbl ........................................................................
I....
YIIPABAEH4E FIOPTtDEAEM ......................................................................................
pHCz &D- -abroa
...........................
..............................................................
85
86
CrapfLuHe coTpv4HHKHNN hpe.4rmoro orXeAa ......................................................................................
O T4-
80
85 85
HnNraN Aa6d " 4eAwe .........................................................................
N Kpe4HToBaHNw
78
.,.... 81
eHHe .......................................................................
OPrAHH3AIJHOHHA. CTPYKTYPA KPE,41THOA (DYHKIHH ............................................................ Kpe4NrM
63
65
IlorzuuH " KpegHTa ..................................................................................................
70 gra ..................................... .................................................................... oymej-ayW. ................ .......................................................................................... 71
0 4To6peH-ve Kpeg
0 6ece
63
..........................................................................................
ra .....................................................................................................................
Kpe-T4
TpyIC7ypa
Kgo"mra
C TaHA aprbr'oyeHKH pHCKa ...................................................................................................
87 87 88
88 93
3AOYFIOTPEBAEHHR HHCAHAEPOB H BHEBAAAHCOBblA PHCK ................................................................95
OFIPFEAEAEHHE CT0OHMOCTH KOMMEPLIECKHX KPEA4HTOB H APYrHX I(e47a 10MTH.5 ............................................................................................ KPEA4HTHblX HHCTPYMEHTOB 0@@wzeF@e@ss@@a00 BO-9HarpXenMMACffHC ........................................................................................
KOMlfCCNVo,Hoe TeAueCUyUH
96
99
180 B oHpe4eAemHN crommocTH Kpe,vN7B ................................................................................................
CHNcreubl HFra6Aiq4e
Ba xommepvc saz
MHmKpe,NHTaMH ........................................................................
01
............................................................................................................ 102 103 3 AKAIOtlEHHIE ................................................................... ..................................... llPHA02KEHHE A. METOAhbl OIJEHKU riPOIJECCA YrIPABAEHHSl noprcDEAEM ................................................... 105 nIPHA02KEHHE B. YFIPABAEHHE KPE,414THblMH PHCKAMH: BOnPOCbl nIo BHYTPEHHEMY OBYLIEHHE
KOHTrPO A IO ........................................................................................................... nIPHAO?KEHHE B. nIPOBEPKA KPEAHiTHOA KYAbTYPbl ......................................................................
107
4. Yn1PABAEHHE (PHHAHCAMH .......................................................................
li5
110
UI5 CTPYKTrYPHblE U3MEHEHHR B CPEAE BAHKoBCKoro oKPY2KEHHH ...........................................................
118 1JEAH H MACLLTAB YI-PABAEHHR a)HHAHcAMH ........................................................................... 118 CTPATErUMECKOE rlAAHIIPOBAHUIE ...................................................................................... 120
YFIPABAEHHE C HHAHCAMH HA PA3BHiBAIOWHXCq Ca)uHAHCOBbIX PblHKAX ...................................................
Paspa6orma npoyfecca aHraAN-
npegnommrembrx
07pe,4eAeHNe
HOPMarNBOB H C007WeC7VMyloWgy
17ocTpoeAHNe
NDHaHMOBO4
0]7p=-CHHNe
mapameTPOB
FIAAHHPOBAHHE
121 sga7parmhanmraAa......................................................................................... XpaK7LePHC7Nu
ofgJer
pHr-Ka ..............................................................................
KAF11TAAA .................................................................................
iv
122
qpNaHco-blx n7poeKrroB .......................................................................
mo4e.AH ..........................................................................................................................
w 2
, 123
123
OrFAaDAeNe O0Ipe.4CAeHne xo9(pvbI4JenHoB
no x
wanAaCy c
......................................................... 124
OnpaB1R ON Ha pHCK
Poa4 pHHaHcoBoro y7paBAeHH .................................................................................... 126 YnPABAEHHE AKTrBAMH U OBH3ATEAbCTBAMH .............................................. 127 YnpaieNHwe paSHUe.#N B BpOJeHTHbrX cTaBKax H aAHB Cpe4mHe-BSBCa4weHHOi 4 Fnpo,rHosNpoBaHHe npoJeH
aHreHHoCNI..............128
oM CTaBsH ....................................................................................
KA3HAqEACKHE OFIEPAUHH. .................................................................
133 133
CUCTEMbi lYXrAATEPCKOrO YqETA H OTqETHOCTh ............................................ 134 WkHaJcoBaf ofeTJHocTm ................................................................................... 135 npa&4eimecmHe yYeT H O7'e77OCmb H ,4BH)EeLHYe H. H WMaN ............................................................... 137 YveTYsaTpaT ..................................................................
138 139
Onpe4eAeAwe IpH6bLIbHocTH......................................................................
&DHHaHCOBbl yCeT H 9KOHOMHIeCKaff peeabHOCTb.................................................................................... 143 CIPHHAHCOBOE FIAAHHPOBAHHE H COCTABAEHHE BIOAffETOB .............................................. 144 HAAOrOBOE FAAHHPOBAHHE H FOAqHHEHHE .................................................... 145 BHYTPEHHHU KOHTPOAb ...................................................... 145 OPrAHH3AUHOHHAR CTPYKTYPA CDHHAHCOBOU DYHKIJHH ........................................... 147 YxpenUAeUHe OyHJJHH I7HH.HCOBoFo ynpa..eHH. ....................................................................... 149
150 151 B bb olB............................................................................................................15 CTapnii t)HaHcOBI cTPY.4HHI .............. .0......................................................... KoMH7eT no y)paBAeHH)o aKTHBaMH H o6JIqaTeAbcTBJamH (AAKO) ........................................................
5. CO3AAHHE LIEAOBEEIECKOrO KAnHTAAA BAHKA ........................................ 153
JMEAb 1: OprAHH3OBATb3oXDEKTHBHYIO PABOTY CBOHX COTPYAHUKOB ................................. 156 CTpyK2ypHpOB&HHe Op-FHHABUHH............................
159 164
,,...
Onpege-eHHe oTBeTcTreHHoCrH.......................... -HHoceH..................................................
CTpyKTypHpOBaHNe .4
KOMmlieKOBaHHe pa6oTHHKOB B COOTBeTCTBHH C Tpe6oBaHHRMH K ,x
pa=eAeH . NS ................................
166 168
UE-Ab 2. OnTHMH3HPOBATb TEKYIUPlH H BYAYIUHE YPOBHH KBAAHDHKAUH riEPCOHAAA .......................................................... 169 O0ITMH-UaHJB
Pea-LXv Ha
cyigec-ny-onero YPOBH2 HHa6opa HaBbIKOB ..................................................................... vgMeHIIMJO
cH7 Cnpoc Ha
....................................................................................
KaH4bJ
172 175
SaIwoYeHHe ................................................................... 183 UEAb 3: PA3BHTHE HEOBXOAHMbIX HABbIKOB H KYAbThYPbl ITPOH3BOACTBA ............................... 184 AmaAAH
6
HeO XO4HMhIX HaBbMOB H
OmuCeHHH.........................................................................................
HHK4HBA4YaAbHaaf oyeuxa /a7TecTaMHJ/ .................................................................. 06yveHHe H HoA4mOoBJ(a .................................................................. PaBwB we HHcTwHymoLHOaAbHOH KyAbbypbl ..............................
Ha60p H oT6Op pa6oTNNHHOB Ha OCROBe HX C7oCo6HOCTe -aKAJoeHHe ................................................................
186 190
193 198
........................................................................ 201
203
UEAb 4. YrIPABAEHHE PE3YAbTATAMH PABOTbl AAH AOCTH?KEHH5 IJEAEA BAHKOB ................. 204 ParNmwee p.XOBOqC4TBa...................................................................................................................
ILAamHpoBaNaHe pamHHJ 6HBHCCa H yIpaB&4eHHe 7
1 OCTaNOBlKa saAaY H
KoH7pa4b
paspa6oTwa Mepo7pHI
H ogeHKa pe3ySAbTm0B
YnpaBAeuHe
4A0 CHIM
...........................................
7-ooHRMH--H.........................
AKTHBHOe ynpaBAeHHe ....................................................
OPrAHH3AIJHOHHblE TPEBOBAHH .............................. pyHKxmHpa9 BH7HI
207 210
v
216 217 nepcoHaa............. 217
cAym6h pawBwHH .......................................................... 219
H PyIOBO.4H7vAff
YeAoBeYeCKXHxpecypcoB
214
215
3awoveHe.........................
OpFBYHAamvB
206
211
MO0HBHPOBaJIHe apabepr.....................................................
COZOC-aaJIeuHepNAH AHeHHOM pyKOBOAN.90HT
6ama ................................ 6
.....................................................
YeAoBeeecK(HMH pecypc&H
4wN
205
YmpejzeNwre pyEwoBo4cTEa n jwoewucAwre VIvcTADWeIAbhomcff ir iepemesaa .@seo80o99986@e@@0@219
OpraHaLIsa NOAN AIIHCWJOJ pyEOBO4II*.*@e@@@@0j@ee60@0o8@009sA5 2
3,ove,n,e. M BbASBATb
KAK MbOaMONiE B. BbKBi.24OAbl
2
1
221 ................................................... 224 .............................................
riOAOpxHTEAbHbIE
HOHAAbHO A PE0OPMbl .......
6. HA nIYTI K FiPOrPAMME HHCTHTYl
........... 227
229 ................................................ 229 230 232 .............................................................................................
HHDPACTPYKTYPA HHCTHfYUHOHAAbHOrO PA3BHTHR
paBBHme...................................................................................................... 6 ....................................................... M Al.H O . aOB - HHtopMaywL xr pB BonpoCb np-NnBaaN.Y H-HCH7yJHOHdaAbHoe
O6yVeHHe H
ArHC7W7yINVOH4bHOe p&YBHX
oB ...........................................................
233
Ornwr MBPP B .4CAe HHCH7NyMHOHaAbHO1V paMNR7V ............................................................................
234
ligpMagwoHH"a
IP
pa6o
rexoA0ore H aBBoMaHRsa.LJ
T.
&
236 HAOMEHHE A: OCHOBHAH nPorPAMMA ............................................................... 236 (e,wrmOe o6yveHhme .......................................................... 237 .......................................................... J7epecTpyXyppoBaHHe xopnqpoaqp
nPHAOMEHHE I
Ob30P YnIPABAEHHH AKTHBAMH nlOBbIllEHHOrO PHCKA ........................... 239 COAEPPKAH
239 E .......................................................................... pHCxOM H onpeeAe-emz xavecia
OnrcaWHe npogecca yzpaieMi
I7epecuorp xmaccv IOPT(DEAbHbWA
nqoP
e
239 239.............................
...........
xagpm a7NmoD .......................................................................................................
240
BBe4eHNe ........................................................... BHA
6,,ayeca .......................................................................................................
N3 AHA ................................................................................................................................ Cnrcoxr oco6oro BHHM8aH
KAaccmow.WowNoHHre
.......................................................
................................................
IC4aCCv4HxPJagHomibe OrPe4e.AeJiH H
Tpe6oBalmR...........................................243
................................................................................................... e7VAHNXN peOBNN
-nf
.......................
7B
.........
PeweLur, no HHAHRBAyaAbHbM 4OXyMeHrNpoBaHNe H
.pe
..
H 7plOfe.4Pbd
.....................................................................
AO4KMeyewpOB&
r .................................................................
CoomreeTrsNe HOpMTa7HBM H npOfJe4JAMA ....................................................................
OHHoe yHpaBAeHHe XpeTW&aM
H pHCK&AEH ....................................................................
N H flpoJe4Jypbl .................................................................... nparrNixa
Oprlaw9ay
AbArHOe ynpawAewHe ....................................... H
253 254
256 258
Ycramoa.ew,e npo6AeM ....................................... BoCCraCHB
253
255
7peAocMaLIeIme cp"cTB.......................................
c44wa,
50 2...............................
NpeANaM.........................................................................................251
pe44oCTABAeWHe C"C7
CTaHaap7mW .OyMe.H9TBVH
247
248 250
................................... ...
245
:248
JeAeBo4 phoHx ..................................
lpogecc 04o6pe7
241
242
PUCKOM .............................................................. 247
B Be4eHHC ...................................................................... HopMaAbHoe ynipaBeeHe................... I7o4roTBxa Kpe.4HTa H aHa
241
247
HavaAo xAaccAHxagwI ........................................................... AHAAH3 H KA4ECTBO YnPABAEHH1
OpJUHHBarH
240
AHAAU3 H KA4ECTBO ............................................................. 240
Ha6op nepcom&w ....................................................................
261
262
264
J7emcCmBeAHocTb nepcomama .......................................
266
O6yvemme H
266
nororOBhKa
....................................................................
OJmewca ynpaBAeJiJfs upogeccom pHG
....................................................................
vi
267
OrAa&Aieau
lPHAOffEHHE 2 YllPABAEHHE AKThBAMH H ObsR3ATEAbCTBAMH
.......................................... 269
YFIPABAEHHE PPUCKOM FIPOUEHTHO C.. CTABKI4........................................... A)\KBBUAHocT ............................................ U3MEPEHUE AUKBUAHOCTh ............................................ YnPABAEHHE AHKBUAHOCThIO ............................................
271 273 274
275
nPHAO2EHHE 3 YllPABAEHHE BAAIOTHbIM PHCKOM ............................................
279
OnPEAEAEHMH ............................................
279 280 280
BAAImTHbn PUCK ............................................ Onzca,He............................................. IsMCJepeHHe H o)paHHVeHHe Ba
TArOT O prO Ka ................................................................................
rIPOJJEHTHbIA PUCK 11 AUKBHAHOCTb ............................................
Onmcawme ............................................. HI-sMepeHHe H orpaRHIveHHe pHcKa i7poyeCHTO
craBKx
H
AHcAaAaca AHBmAHoC
..............................
KPEATHbIfl PHCK ............................................
OnrcaNme ............................................. HMwepeuwe H OnpawveuHe KpC4INOrV p C.a. ..
...............................................................................
CTPAHOBOA PUCK ............................................ Onuca.we.............................................. 3MtpeH-He H OlpadH.eHe CTpaHoBoIP pHCKa ................................................................................
O6zSaHHOCTH ................................................................................ 7
a H
AuMHmrm
283 283 283
284 285 285 285 286 287
YriPABAEHME Flo3HMuI4mm no UHOCTPAHHOf BAAIOTE ............................................ YIIPABAEHHE BAAIOTHblMU OrIEPAJHHMM ............................................ J oaHWT
2 81
282 282
................................................................................
287 287
29 9..................................
J7pomecc YHpaBAeMHH pNCxOM28
1PHAO2KEHHE 4 OnEPAUHOHHbIH H 0HHAHCOBblU KOHTPOAb .......................................... 3-a,aq
BHNyrpe
em xo
pmeMb) BHy7peHHem BH,yrplHe
CpaWHeWNe
KoHNpoAb
291
pou . ............................................
HOmrpoa.............................................................................. V ay.4HTBH aH
KoirpoAb yveTa: MeAY)wJ
zBy7peNMeM KONpOARW .....................................................................
aAbAbre H MeHc6aHoBcKNe
296 296
CO6A1.4e e ........................................... 7
296............................296
J epcoH aA ...........................................................................................................
KA3HA'IEhCTBOM .....................
YHJpaIeNHe KBNAH KOJJTPOAb xpe4HTHoI I7poBepoqm!
oCThro
297
297
........................................
yl7paL4eHH
292 293 294
cBepKir...........................................
6esonacNocTrN..............................................................................
KOHTPOAb 3A
291
........................................................................................................
UINCT ogjeH ......................................................................................................................
297 299
nPHUAOKEHHE 5 HHOOPMAUHOHHbIE
TEXHOAOrHI
B BAHKOBCKOri HHAYCTPHH ............ 301
UT B BAHKOBCKOM 4EAE.................. nOm Aao4fJHeco a87VMaTH Pgm ..... BOJ7POC acaOMaB7I.vBJ ...............................
n1PHMEHHMOCTh &
NywqPW,
PeOweAwv
vii
.....
301
32 02.......................
303
Ympenaemoe pyFwoBOjcrBc
a
e lyjcrCTnWAbhEocr1
IuoBMiruelC
30.
j mm e npo6AeM bi wocO yupaL e ........................................
Opnawm-w
Pe
H BecT y
H
aTpa
O6eci7eYeHHe samJiThz n1POJECC
a HepcGNHaN
...................................................................
....
...................................................................
.
.
.
..
.
T4aHbix N KoHTpab......... ................................................................................
nEPEMEH .......................................
EH-wec-La4U
307
........................................
ClpaWe"n aB7oMaTn9agym ........................................ O6eymme, eNe ToBpOB HycAyr ....................................................................... aMeHa -Me-
mc
307
309
mcffenoc4xO.grem o6opY4onaHHs ........................................
309
.........................................
309
9AeMeiTmI 7w,4epHoJi4oHyMcITadLJ
CTONMOCTb YCTaUHOBJH o6opy4OBaNI N BpeM,
onepememw ....................................................................
o6yoveme H paBBHTCe YeAoBevecKKx pecypcoBC....................................................................... HexoTophre saMevaHs"no peazaAa_
OCHOBHOE
305 305 306 307
CinOAb3oBAHME
.......................................................................
MT .......................................
311 311
312 314
OcAIoBHNe 7poye,4ypbI H 6aHKH 4aHHbX .......................................................................
314
Oueha IOAb9OBaTrW .................................................................
314 315
..........................................................
OnpeweJimHe 7pe6owBai'Ho ba.oaa7r
KoHcTpyHpoBaHeJeCrCTeMbI/ILWeepHau
pa3pa6oa ........................................
nPOrPAMMHOE OBECnE'EH4E ................................................................. RaKemi npoIpaMM HmN mHRaHByaAbHav paspa6o7a nporpaMM ....................................................... BoSMOvwocTb mHoA&hBaHH ,A"
31.5 316 316
qOH4om Ha6qpa npojpammiiO o6ecnervew,
Bcex THZOB KOM7brO7rJpOB........................................................................................................
317
CTOHMOCTb 6aHXoBcXoIP npojpammw om o6ecueve wg,...........................................................................317 .. ApXNHXTypa I7epe4aYa
OMlbIO7pHOM o6opy'IOBaH
M...........................................................................................317
a,aHMNX MeaYfy geHTpaMN o6pa6O7x ,4UaHb.
PeCePBHHbe JHTMeH o6pa6OTWHaMHDlX 06qpy4oBaHHe xaMI7bIoT7pHofH
s
Aa
.318
..................................................................................
.....................................
AHTEPATYPA .....................................
318
318 321
viii
BCTYnIAEHHE 1980-x
B
MHp
rr.
cBHAeTeAeM
cTaA
paBmmaiowxcn cTpaHax A(ppUU, A3mi H AaTUcicxoi AMepHmK. AeH,
IHsImeHeHHS
&KOHOMHKy m npHBaTHaaUHR npOBOAHUCb nOBCeMeCTHO.
npoUeHTHbiX
Am6epaAHTUJOo
BKAJo0aR
CeKTOp,
4iHaHCoHW4
KpeAHToBaBHR, cHTwHe nOTOAKOB no MeC6aHKoBcKoMy
rocyAapcTsa
B
B cTpaTerHH 3aTpoHyAH TaKme H
npaMOrO
coKpauIeHHe
CTaBOK,
BxoAa 6aHKoB B pbiHOK,
KpeAHTa, Am6epaAHSBUH
6aHKOB, npHBaTH3aSBUH
AAA rOCyAapCTBeHHbiX
yMeHbiueHHe npIHBHAerCH
AH6epaAHuaLWu
o6bema BMemIaTeAbCTBa
coKpa1iJeHHe
AHCUHnAHM,.
(PHCKaAbHOH
yKperAeHHe
B s3MeHeMHH HmnopTa, peq"opma
maKpoBKoHoMH'eCKHX
3HaqHTeAbHbix
6amoB,
roCyAapCTBeHHb1X
a
TaKfe H3MeHeHHe SMKOHOB H peryAHpOBaIHR.
B
4 90-e roAbl 6blA CAeABH eiie oA0H war BnepeA. I 8MeHeHHSI CTpaTerHH
MorAH
'eAoweiecKoro
KanHTaAa.
HBAemHb1MH cTpyKTypam
yxpenAemno Hoy-xay
H
wTO: cTpaHbI Pe3yAbTaTbi HeAaBHHx HccAeAoBBHHH noATBep2Aa8oT o6HACb 6oAbmIHX ycneXoB B AH6epaMB3aQHH CBOHX 4pHHaHcoBbix pbiHKOB.
C
paMOK,
HHCTHTyIjHoHaAbHbIx
no
ycHAHMm
corAacoBaHHbIM
6AaroAapR
TOAbKO
noAAepP2KaHbb
6bilS
B (pHHaHcoBoM ceKTOpe
B
6aHKH
KOTOpblX
pa6oTaIT,
Heo6xoAHMoro
paB3BHTH1o
TaKoBo COAepmaHHC BTHX AByX TOMOB noA HasBaRHeM "BHaOBCKHe CTpyKTypbI B pa3BHBaIOJgHXCf noAwTHKoB, KoTropb1e cBA3Hb1 c ynpaBAeHHem H 6aAm po HUH flh pbHiKax. 06e KHuHF peKoMeHAYIOTTC pa6oTofi
B
cAeAyowWHe
pHH8HcoB0M
ceKTope
H ero
KaK npaBHAbHO
BonpoCbi:
6aiKOBCKMH
BeCTH
CTpyKTypaMH.
6aHKoBcKoe
AeAo
B
=AOTCR oTmeml
A
HHX
B AH6epaAH3oBaHHoM
Ha
q)HHaHCoBoM
pbwKe? LITO n0Ka3bBaTOT pHHaHCoBble oTqeTbI 6aHKOB H KaK HX Ay'uIe a8aAH3HpoBaTb? MaTepmauAh
wTHX AEyx TOMOB
A4m
UHMYCrpHaAbHbZX H paBmuBm10WHXcS npaKTKH,
6AaroAapR
KoTopbie
HaBHCaHbI
6blAU
6aHKHpaMH,
HMeTo1UHMH
OnbT
pa6oTbi
B
CTpaHaX. OHH npeACTTaBAH HaM Ay4lUHe npHMepbI MeCKAyHapoAHoH pacTyiueu
rAo6aAH3aUHH
MeAyHapoAtHbiX
q)HHaHCoBblx
pbTHKOB
CTaHOBsRTS CTaHAapraMH B0 BCeX CTpaHaX.
3suMmaTepHaAb1
yme
HCIIOAbsoBaAHCb
a
HecKoAbKHx
MHpomiaM BaHKoM AAA 6aHKHpoB H HaAsopHb1x '-exocAoBaKHH,
y'ie6HbIx
nporpaMMax,
opraHHUOB8IHba
x
opraHoB. Y'e6HbTe H neAarorH'eCKHe 3aBeAeHHR B
rIoAbme H PoccHH qacTH'Ho HAH nOAHoCThiO nepewBAm BCe 9TH MmaTepHaAb
Ha CBOH
ESbMKH.
MbT HaAeeMcS,
'To
wra KHHra 6yAeT UeJHbIM MaTepHaAoM AA. pa3BHTHm 6aHKoBcKHx y'ipe2KAeHHA H
XOpOIIHMm noco6HeM AAR 6aHKHpoa.
HeHcH BepAceA AHpeKTop AenapTaMeHTa
ix
3
KHoMHomI CTpatbT
-
-
-
nPEIHCAOBHE CTOHT
pb1HKaX
pa3BHBaIOlUHXCH
B
BaHKH
Bo3MomHocTeH.
BocbMHAecxTble
cTpaTerHqeCKHX
HSMeHeHHH,
npo6AeM
H
SKOHOMH%IeCKHX
H
6ecnpeAeHmeHTHbIx
nepeA AHgOM
nOAHTH'IeCKHX,
6blAH CBHAeTeAHMH
roAbl
AAA 6aHKoncKoro
HSMeHHAH o6cTaHoBKy
KOTOpbie ApaMaTHqeCKH
AeAa.
B
AH6epaAH3aMHJR
CCCP K pbiHOqHOH
EBponbl H 6blBuiero
HlepexoA BoCTOcrHOA
A3HH,
CTpaHaX
H
AMepHKH
AaTHHCKOHi
qpHHaHcoBaa
aKoHOMHKe;
A(PpHKH
BTO
BCe
-
Tpe6yeT
sHa,HTeAbHOrO yKpenAeHHH 6aHKOBCKHX CTpyKTyp.
yKpenAeHHeM
H
MO2KeT
nOMORb
AAR
opraHoB HaA3opa,
AAR 6aHKHpoB,
6aHKoB:
CTpaTerH1o
AAR AHM, OTBCe'a1oJHX sa ()HHaHCOBYIO
'IAeHOB coBeTa AHpeKTOpOB,
KpeAHTOpOB,
pbIHKaX
OH [IpH3BaH CAy2KHTb ClpaBOiHHKOM
6aHKOM.
PYKOBOACTBa
TeX, KTO CBH3aH C pyKOBOACTBOM
pa3BHBaio1uHxcR
B
CTPYKTypbl
IBaHKOBCKHe
LBYXTOMHHK
3aAO2KHTb OCHOBbI xopoiiiero
H
AAR COTPYAHHKOB MHpoBoro BaHra. ooBUJrzeHe VYBCTBH7vAbHocH K IPeMpeHaM, HanHcaH
TOM 1, 'Yxpenr'eHHe pyKoBO4cBa N
npHe
OCHOBHoe
OnbiTOM.
Me2KAyHapOAHb1M
6oAbllHM
c
IOpHCTOB
6aHKOBCKHX
COAeHCTBHH
BHHMaHHe OHH yAeASiOT 6aHKOBCKHM npHHUHnaM H CAyqaRM HS npaKTHKH, a He ()HHaHCOBbIM HAH
TeOPHHM
H
MeTOAHK
yCTaHOBOK,
TOH
nocBHI%eHbl
HAH
CoBera
Z4HpeKTOpOB.
6aHKoBcKoA
o
BOnpOCb1
paCCMaTpHBaiOTCa
HaAemHoro,
Ho aTH
aqBXeKTHBHorO H
ToMa
cepeAHHe
H
npHAo2KeHHR
pa6oTaioT
He
qyHKMHH
6aHKa. TaKHM o6pasoM, B nepaof rAaBe
npeAAaraeT
H
ynpaBAeHHH
aBTOHOMHH,
co6CTBeHHOCTH,
rAaBa
me
HIOCAeAHSR
AAR B
AeAa.
6aHiKoBcKoro
o6cTaHoBKa BAHReT Ha a8cIxeKTHBHocTb
HSOAHpOBaHHo;
BoeAHHo
Ba2KHbl
OCHOBHbIX
onHcaHHS
- cBeCTH
rAaBbl
AeAa.
q)yHKMHH
HHOH
YacTTH
OTOpbie
(pYHKUHHi, 6aHKoBcKoro
KOHKypeHTHocnoco6Horo
aToH
geAb
OCHOBHaR
MOAeAHM.
pOAH
ycnellHoro
MeTOAb1
HCnbiTaHHbie
CTPYKTyPHoro PaSBHTHR.
TOM
BTopoiH
-
rDHHaHCOBbX
'iHepirpeTagMHz
O7IeToB -AOA2KeH
'HTaTeAR
HayqHTb
nOHHMaHHIO (PHHaHCoBOH OTqeTHOCTH. OH no3BoASeT 3arARHyTb 3a UH(ppbl, B HeM o6bRcHRiOTcR aHaAHTH'ieCKHe
OCHOBHbte
Ha pOCT rAo6aAH3aMHH
HecMoTpsI
OCTaBaTbCR
npoAoAmaioT
nOK8abIBaeT aTH paSAHqHR, aHrAHHCKHx KpOMe
H
B HaCTHOCTH,
OT'eTax
qJHHaHCOBb[X
B 6aHKoBcKHx
TeKCTa
3
CHCTeMaX, HaXoARiIHxcH noA BAHRHHeM
rayopTx
(BaaHK
L1MHAT
YCAyry,
BaHKa AAaH reAb6,
TlIaTeAbHO
no6.aroAapHTb
BbIBePHB
YHAbaMa
MHAAapA AoHr H
KamAyIo
4aHMOHHa,
CTpOqKy
PoHa AHI&a,
xi
3
HlapA3
raMHAbTOH), HajHf),
a
q)HHaHCOB).
rperra
MHe
CDopTe,
&peiH
roqxpMaH
Tartme ZLmopAm
TpH pyKOBOAHTCAR
HApio LUeHr oKaK3aAH
pyKOnHCH.
H
HX qHCAO
Ae6opa
4eAao 2eHIJJHH), H
LIUapn H Z[MopAm YapHep (CHTHcopn HHCTHTyT rAo6aAbHblx BceMHpHoro
noAAep2KKa
COBeTbl,
H RAeHOB BceMHpHoro BarHa. B
(By3-AAAeH
4ItaHH
6aHKHpo),
oTpa2eHbl
TaKme
BaHKOBCKOe
BceMHpHoe
YHAbHM
aMepHKaICKiHx
KHHre
npoq(eCCHOHaAOB
(npeSHAeHT,
HHTepHeUlHeA),
(AccoUHaTlHH
B
aBTopoB
OCHOBHbiX
BXOAsrT HeHCH B appH
H3
npafrTHxe
KHHra AaHHaHu
6aHKOB.
H cppaHWy3CKHx 3aKoHOB.
pyKOBOACTBO MHOrHX 6aHKoBCKHX
(AXCHOH
B
pa3AHmHR B 6aHKoBcKoi
pbIHKOB,
CPHHaHCOBbIX
OTpa2KaOTCR
K0844HUHeHTOB.
q)HHaHcOBbIx
yMeCTHOCTb
npHeMbl H o6cymAae¶rcR
XOTeAOCb Cio3aHy
HeoUleHHMyO 6bl
rapT,
TaKme .DHOHy
MaKHTOIro,
AeHHHC
Ae MIOHHHK,
BHHUe HOAH3aTTO
H HiaMmepa CHHrXa. He3HaKOMbie
ilOMOraAH MHe CBOHMH 3aMeqaHHaMH. COTPYAHHKH IBy3 AAAeH H ramHAbTOH", a TaKie wHT MapyHK H3 KHMr InOMOrAH MHe CBOHMH ripeAAO2teHHRMH H MaTepHaAaMH. MeTa Ae KoKbiopeMaywr, TOM ryA H BHHge MaKKbIOAAOy Ta2Ke InOMOraAH MHe PeAaKTHPOBaTb TeKCT; KapeH YeATH C nIOMOJbIO MHOrOqHCAeHHbIX Ha6poCKOB nIomoraAa MHe HaHTH Hv2KHOe 3 CAOBO; a KmM B HBAep nOMOr MHe paCnOAOMHTb MaTepHaA H CAeAaA o6u4ylo peAaKUHio 06oHx peUeH3eHTbi
TOMOB. KHHra 6blAa niepeBeAeHa Ha pyCCKHH H3blK KOMaHAOH, B03rAaBASIeMOH BaAepHeM BHTKHHbiM nlpH aKTHBHOM
yqaCTHH
MapHHbl
MaiiopoBoi.
OKOHIaTeAbHaH
peAaKUHH
H
nIOArOTOBKa
K
neqaTH pycccoro H3AaHHH 6biAa npoBeAeHa B OTAeAe pa3BHTHA (3HHaHCOB H iaCTHOrO ceKTopa llpH
HHCTHTyTe
MepH
H,
3
3
KOHOMHqeCKOrO
Pa3BHTHR
MHxaHAoM
COAOBbeBbIM
nlOA
pyKOBOACTBOM
AH3a6eT YOPA.
HaKOHeU,
BbIpamalO
rAy6oKylo
npHH3HaTeAbHOCTb
3a
lOAACp2KKY H
IlOHHMaHHe CBoeMy
My2y CHAbBHO KanOAyOHrO H CbIHY Marreo.
AHaHa MaKHOTOH
xii
K COBEPlIEHHOH BAHKOBCKOH CHCTEME
1.
nepeMeH.
BaHKOBcKoe AeAo HaXOAHTCH B npogecce
marH
npeAnpHHHMaeT H
KOHKypeHUHH
MeXaHH3M
yAy'IMHTb
H
a X eKTHBHOCTb
B
HanpaBAeHHH
q4As
6oAbmylO CaMOCTOHTeAbHOCTb.
Toro, qTo6bI Bbl2KHTb H Ao6HTbc3i npogBeTaHHr,
pearHPYIOIUHX H ripHcrIoca6AHBaIO_AHXCR
pa3ymHoro
K pbIHOMHOH BKOHOMHKCe.
6oAbmHHcTBe CTpaH rocyAapcTBo cpeAy
nOAHTHIHeCKyIO
AAR
KOHTpOAHI
3a
6aHKHpbl
TpaAHUHH H npeBpaTHTbCq B npeAnpHHHMaTeAeH,
npqMoro rOCyAapCTBeHHOrO ynpaBAeHHR
B
H3MeHHTwbc.
nIpHBaTH3agHH.
6aHKH, Ao aToro meCTKO peryAHpOBaBIIIHecq, nOAyqaIOT
AOAMHbl OT6pOCHTb CBOH 6iopoKpaTwnecKHe
FPHHIHnbi
OTKpbITOCTH,
aTMocepbi Macurra6bi
PacmHpsnoTcA
AHCgHIIAHHbl.
pbIHOqHOii
roCyAapCTBeHHbie KOMnaHHH, BICAIO'a.
BKOHOMHKe
B
npaBHTeAbCTBO
peCypCOB,
pacnpeAeAeHHH
co3AaHHR
8KOHOMHqecKyio
nOBbICHTb
CTpeMHCb
6
aHKOBCKOH CHCTeMOH TaK2Ke AOA2KHbl
AOA2KHO co3AaTb npaBoByio,
HaAe2KHoro
6aHKOBcKoro
Ka-eCTBOM
6aHKoBcKHx
AeAa.
aTo
aKTHBOB,
B
BKAioMaeT
ce6si
ycHAeHHe y'ieTa
npogeAyp
AOXOAOB,
H
peryAHTHBHYIO
H
ynpaBAeH'ecKoro KoHTpoAH. npeAHa3HaqeHo
CTpaHaX
pa3BHBaIOliHXC.I
B
HHCTHTYTbl
"BaHKOBCKHe
AByXTOMHHK
4AA
ynpaBAR1ougHx, nOAHTHWCcKHX AefTeAefi, aHaAHTHKOB H CneYHaAHCTOB opraHOB peryAHpOBaHHH, yqaCTByIOuMHX B npogecce pa3BHTHi
B
6aHKoBcKoro ceKTopa.
nepBOM TOMe "YKpenAeHHe PYKOBOACTBa
PaCMaTPHBalOTCSI
BonpocbI
peqopMbl CTpyKTYP
H nOBblmeHHe XyBCTBHTeAbHOCTH K nepeMeHaM
ynpaBAeHHa,
nOAHTHKH,
npoieAyp
H npaBHA,
oco6eHHo B qaCTH pa3pa6oTKH: *
KOHKypeHTHoii CTpaTerHH;
*
3
*
YnpaBAeHH.I OCHOBHbIMH (PHHaHCOBbIMH H onepaIHOHHbIMH pHCKaMH 6aHKoB;
*
CHcTeMbi nAaHHpoBaHHI, COCTaBAeHHH 6ioAmeToB H H3MepeHHA pHCKOB;
* *
*
B
qxpeKTHBHOHi CTpyKTypb1 ynpaBAeHHR, o6ecneqHBaoq2efi peaAH3aUHIO BTOi CTpaTerHH;
lporpaMMbl yrIpaeRAHHH qeAOBeceCKHMH peCypCaMH; teTKoro BHyTpeHHero KOHTpOAH;
HHOpMaUHOHHOfi TeXHOAorHH. TOMe
2
H HTepnpeTagHsi H
KanHTaAa
AOCTaTO'HOCTH npH6blAbHoCTH,
PHHaHCOBOH oTheTHOCTH
ero
nocpeAHHiecKoHi
rAo6aAbHbie Bonpocbi 6aHKoBcKoAi
AHKBHAHOCTH
CTpyKTypbl, Map2KH
H
Bonpocbi aHaAH3a
paCCMaTPHBaIOTCE H
KamecTsa
aq FeKTHBHOCTH.
aKTHBOB,
TaKmne
a
TaK2Ke
paccMaTPHBaniTC2
AeqTeAbHOCTH, npoBOAHTcH CpaBHHTeAbHblH aHaAH.3 6aHKoB H
TeHAeHUHH.
B
AaHHoAi
ynpaBAeHHR
pa6oTe paccMaTpHBaIOTCH
6aHKaMH
HHCTHTYIHOHaAbHoro
B
pbIHOMBHOi
npeAnOcbIAKH,
BKOHOMHKe,
OCHOBHbie
a
TaKme
xapaKTePHCTHKH H 3HaCeHHe
AaeTCH
o6ujHi
alHaAHs
pasBHTHH.
I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
YjrpezueH'awe p.7KoBroxTcT
NF IIo5mNIueNNw
U1yBCTBTAfDHOCTN
Jr
IzepemeHAM
3HAMEHHE YIPAMEHHH pa3BHBaIOUiHXCR
B
6aHKaMH
TpaAHUHOHHO,
HX
y3qpeAHTeAeH,
He3aBHCHMbIMH
Tpe6oBaHHH,
pe3epBHbix
npaBHTeAbCTBa, AaHHOM perHOHe CIDHHaHCOBa5
orAamueHHe
npH6blAH.
KpoMe H
KpeAHTOBaHHR
aAMHHHCTpaTHBHOrO
OTKpbiTOe 1
UeHTpaMH
(pHHaHcoBoro nOAO2KeHHa
qem
AMepHKe noKa3aA,
sBARAHCb AHlIb HHCTpyMeHTaMH (PHHaHcHpoBaHHR
qTO A0 HeAaBHero BpeMeHH 6aHKH
He
xy2Ke,
ynpaBAslOT
AoKAaA BceMHpHoro 6aHKa no AaTHHCKOHi
npOMblWlAeHHbIMH KOMnaHHHMH.
a
CTpaHaX
Toro,
npOeKTOB
H3-3a
Apyroro
BbICOKHX
BMemllaTeAbCTBa
6aHKoB 6blAO peAKOCTbIO
B
.
AH6epaAH3aIMHR,
ymecTo'eHHe KOHKypeHHHH H AHBepCH¢HKaUIHn CTasBT nepeA
6aHKaMH HOBbie npo6AeMbi H cnoco6cTByoTr BO3HHKHOBeHHIO HOBbIX pHCKOB.
Be;3
Bblpa6OTKH HOBbIX cnoco6oB yripaBAeHHH, 6aHKH, H He TOAbKO B Pa3BHBalOLMHXC3I,
B Pa3BHTbIX cTpaHaX,
MOFyT OKasaTbCH B KpHSHce.
HIPHMepoM
HO H
MO2KeT CAy2KHTb 6aHKpOTcTso
CHCTeMbi ccyAo-c6eperaTeAbHbix aCCOUHaHlHH H KoMMepiCeCHX 6aHKoB B
CLLIA
B KOHUe
1980-
X. OAHOH H3 npH'HH KpH3Hca 6bjAa Hecnoco6HOCTb 6aHKOB K aqxpeKTHBHOH AeHSTeAbHOCTH 6 ApyrOH inpHqHHOH 6blAa HeCnOCo HOCTb qeepaAbHbIX
YCAOBHHX AeperyAHpOBaHHH,
B
HaA3opHblX
opraHoB y2KeCTOqkHTb peryAHPOBaHHe H YCHAHTb HaA3Op 2 . ECAH HeT yrpo3bi aKoHoMH'iecKoro ynpaBAemie 6aHKH B Aio6oH 'aCTH npH6blAbHbIMH
H qHHaHCOBO
ynpaBAeHHe He
nppOXOAMT.
6anuK
UeAbIO
B pa3BHBaio1_4HxcR cTpaHax,
YCTOHiYHBbIMH.
TO IIAOXO
mepe, BbirAaAeTb)
cBeTa moryr 6bITb (HAH, no KpaHiHeHi
KOTOpbie BbLsBARI(OT cAa6bie
oAHaKo,
nAoxoe
MeCTa.
Bo MHornx
TarHx cTpaHax
HexoTopbie ocyWeCTBAsIOT (JHHaHcoByio nepeCTpOHKy H ycHAeHHe
HenAaTemecnoco6Hbl. C
B peryAHpoBaHHH,
BaHKH B 8THX CTpaHax nOABep2KeHbl ycHAeHHOMy HaA30py H 6oAee
2KeCTKHM cTaHAapTaM y'ieTa,
ynpaBAeHHJ
KpH3Hca HAH H3MeHeHHH
HenAaTemecnOco6HOCTH.
npeAOTBpauleHHS
B
CoUHaAHCTH'ICeXH
8KOHOMHKaX nepeXOAHOrO THnIa OT 6aHKOB Tpe6yeTcH cnoco6cTBOBaTb yrpenAeHHio cIHHaHCOBof AHCUHnAHHbl B KOpnOpaTHBHOM ceKTope npHHHMan CaMOCTORTeAbHbie pelUeHHR 0 KpeAHTOBaHHH Ha
ocHoBe
aHaAH3a
6yAyT cAa6o
pa3BHTbi
MHorHx CTpaHax KpeAHTHblI
npo4eAypbi
lIpaBHTeAbCTBO
aKTHBHO
BMeC1HBaeTCR
B
x cTaBOK H ynpaE.AeHHe 6aHKaMH, y 6aHKOB
ynpaBAeHHH pHCKaMH
H TeKylgHMH
AeAaMH.
Bo
nOpTqpeAb 6aHXOB HMeeT OqeHb HH3Koe Ka'ieCTBO - qaCTH'iHO H3-3a
KpeAMTHofi npaKTHKH,
HeC'eCTHOH
rAe
cTpaHax,
KpeAHTOB, YCTaHOBAeHHe npogeHTHbw
pacnpeAeAeHHe 06birH0
B
pHcKa.
iaCTH'HO
H3--3a
HeycTofiqHBOCTH
peaAbHOH
BKOHOMHKH,
'IaCTH'IHO H3-3a npaBHTeAbCTBeHHOrO BMeUIaTeAbCTBa B KpeAMTOBaHHe.
nPEAJIOCbIAKH HAAE?KHOrO YFIPABAEHHJ bAHKOM Ha KOHKypeHTHOM pblHKe 6amnw Hy2KAmwOTC cTpaTerHH
H
TeopeTHuqecKH COrAallleHHH,
He3aBHCHMOCTH yBa3aHHOH
C
B
cBoeH
npaBAeHHeM
Ha npaXTHKe aBTOHOMHOCTb
B aBTOHOMHH AAR OnpeAeAeHHR
KpeAHTHOH B
CHAy
MOpPHC 1990, CTp. 36.
2BpaiaN
ynpaBAeH'iecKoH KoHTpaKTa
nOAHTHKe. HAH
B 3Ha'qHTeAbHOH mepe onpeAeASeTcC
Co6CTBeHHOCTbMO.
1
H
3aKoHa,
1988.
2
cBOeH
pOAH H ByAyRH
qlOpMaAbHOrO KOHTpOAeM HaA
K RBAHeTCH
ABTOHOMHH COOTBeTCTBHH
C
(HHaHCOBbIMH
no
pblHO-IHbIMH
opHeHTHpaMH
AH OH
COIHaAbHbIX
H
Mo6HAH3aqHH BpeMHl KaK
nOAHTH'eCKHX (]HHaHCOBb1X
HaxoAMT
rocyAapCTBeHHbie
H
onAaqHBaTb
PacxOAbl
B
npeAoCTaBAMTb 3aHMbl
(MTO
maCTO
npeBpauaeT
,eAeH)
HAH
qaCTHbIM
peCypCOB
AAA
KOMnaHHH,
maCTHbIX
AAq
6aHKH.
npHAep2K3HBaTbCi
HaHHMaTb
OCYWeCTBAMTb
MTO 6oAee Ba2KHO,
rOCyAaPCTBeHHbIM
peryAHpOBaHHM
CBo6oAoH
yCAOBHHMH,
H,
3AOynOTpe6AeHH1
2KeCTKOCTb
CyTH
nepcOHaA
B
COOTBeTCTBHH
C
Ha OCHOBe aHaAH3a
ABTOHOMHR 6aHKa Mo2KeT 6blTb HapyuieHa BHe 3aBHCHMOCTH OT TOrO,
pHCKa H Bq4PeKTHBHOCTH. HBAReTC5l
cBoei
coRpuemNHoji 6aweoRcxoi ccremiMe
Ce6H
OYCHb
npalKTHKH CAeAOK
3aTpyAHHTeAbHa,
eCAH
Ha
B HHCTpymMHT
(HanpHMep,
eCAH
KOTOpbIC
co6CTBeHHHKOB
Tu4aTeAbHoe
ero
3aTPYAHHTeAbHbIM
He CKa3aTb
HeBo3MomHa,
c
1noA
TO
OpraHbl
AHC4HnIAHHHPOBaTb
3aCTaBHTb pyKH C
AAR
B
6aHKoM).
KOHTpOAb,
KaK-TO
Mo2KeT
PaCCTORHHH BbITMHyTOH
HCnOAb3yeTcn
cBH3aHbl
nOAnaAalOT
peryAHpoBaHHe
OH
AOCTH2KeHHR
qaCTHbie
KAHeHTaMH,
B OTHOlleHHH
6arxH
HO TaKaH
rOCYAapCTBeHHbIX
6aHKOB.
B Ha
HeKOTOpb1X CTpaHaX npeAnpHHHMaAHCb
OCHOBe
KOHCenrHH
CTaHAapTOB
AM
CAeAOK
(pHHaHCOBbIX pe3yAbTaTOB,
npeOAOAeHHM
rH6pHAaMH,
npOAOA2Kam
B
TO
npeAnpHfrrHH
2Ke
KOTOpbie BpeMM
H
6
ceKTopa.
3
3
blTb
6
rAaBHblM
o6pa3oM,
CeHiiac
KOHTpOAeM. o6ecne'ieHH.
noKa
BTHM
THMH
MHorHe
B
rH6pHAaMH
nepHO4 A
eu.Se He 6bIAH BbiAeAeHbI
HarAMAHoCTH
CTpaHaM
6aHKOBCKHMH
pHCKOB
HeAOCTaTO'qHbIMH
HaAO
epexoAa
H y6bmTO-Hbie
ynpaBAMTb
K
6aHrn
H yCTOH'qHBblMH,
nporpaMMbi
pbIHO'HOH
c
oco6o0i
BKOHOMHKe,
CCCP. KOTOpbie 3aHHMaAHCb
noA
OnepaHHMmH
B
6aHKaMH
OnpeAeAeHHM
rOCyAapCTBeHHbie
HHCTHTyTbI,
cepbe3Ho
CAeAyeT
HeKOMMep'eICKHX
OKa3bIBaAHCb
npaBHTeAbCTBeHHbIe
oco6eHHO
HeKOMMep'eCKHMH
nOCpeACTBOM
KOHKypeHTocnoco6HbIMH
OCyu4eCTBAMeMOrO ceHiqaC B BOCTO0'HOHi EBpone H 6bIBmleM HH B OAHOH CTpaHe
PYKH
0 bIqHO
BMeCIaTeAbCTBa.
CTpeMqTCq
OTKpbITOCTbIO,
BbiTMHyTOH
aTH Mepbi
(jHHaHcHpOBaTb
o6uecTBeHHoro
THaTeAbHOCTbIO
HO
rocyAapcTBeHHoro
CTaHOB.ITC5i
nOnbITKH ynpaBAqTb rOCyAapCTBeHHbIMH
Ha paCCTOHHHH
npaBHTeAbCTBeHHb1M
paCCMOTpeTb
BapHaHT.
aTOT 6
onepagHHx
6bi,
rH pHAHblx
.4Au
6aHKoBcluIx
HHCTHTYTOB HeO6xOAHMO OCylUeCTBAMTb pa3AeAeHHe 6aAaHCoB. CTeneHb aBTOHOMHH MOKHO KpeAHTOBaHHH, nOAHTHKe;
q)HHaHCOBoro
MeAeH
OnpeAeAHTb nOCpeACTBOM
ynpaAeHHM,
AeHTeAbHOCTH
npaBHTeAbCTBeHHOH
H cnoco6OB
nporpaMMbi
XOPOIIHMH
1IOKa3aTeAMMH
AHpeKTOpOB.
H
OUeHKH Hx
HaKOHeg, a BOSMo2KHO
fICPCOHaAa
OnpeAeAeHHH
KpeAHTOBaHHM
CTTeneHH
OgeHKH nOAHTHKH 6aHIKa B o6AacTH
H
aBTOHOMHH
HX
H
ero
H OgeHKH;
BAHMHHH
HBAHIOTCH
npHBep2KeHHOCTH
Ha
COCTaB,
a
Tarme
MacurTa6a
Ae3TeAbHOCTb POAb
STO H eCTb camoe rAaBHoe, o'eHb
H
BTOH
MeAH
6aHKa. COBeTa
BaMHO OUeHHTb,
KaK
OCYlAeCTBAHeTCH Ha3HaqieHHe npe3HAeHTa.
KOPnOPATHBHOE YnPABAEHHE COOTBeTCTByioIgee 6aJIK
3
XOpOIDO
HeKoropbie
nOBeAeHHe,
ynpaBAneTCM
Ha6AIoAaTeAH
H
KOHTpOAb
OTBe'aeT
OKpeCTHAH
H npoqleccHoHaAbHoe
HOpMaTHBHb1M
TaKHe
yripaBAeHHe
Tpe6oBaHHHIM
HHCTHT7Tbl IUHSOHAHbIMH,
H
TaK
o3HamarOT,
.3aKoHaM.
KaK
OHH
ABOHCTBeHHbIe, HO HeCOBMeCTHMbie MeAH: o6CAy2KHBaHHe rOcyAapcTBa H nIoBbimeHme B4x4eKTHHOCTH.
3
'TO
BHeUIHHe
npeCCAeYIOT
YicpeirAeme ayAHTOpi
H
pyEoBo,cTD oa
opraHbi
NobmjCea''
6aHKoBcKoro
Ar mepemewam
Eiy y cWCITeALbHocTN
HaA3opa
npoBepirb,
MOryT
AefCTByeT
AH
6aHm
B
COOTBeTCTBHH C HOpMaMH peryAHpOBaHHR, HO 3a ynpaBAeHHe 6aHKoM OTBe'ia1oT ero BAaAeAbUI H AHpeKTopa.
IepBoc7emeHHoe Baa eHNe Corera
grapeirropo
14 AeHbl CoBeTa AHpeKToPOB 6aHKa 06 bl-HO: *
HaHHMaiOT H YBOAbHSIOOT ynpaBAIOli4HX;
*
oAo6pSflor nAaH H 6ioAmeT;
*
Be4yT Ha6AIOAeHHH 3a KBapTaAbHbIMH pe3yAbTaTamH H AaioT COBeTbi ynpaBARioujHM;
*
paccaTpHBaloT
BOnpOCbl
npeAOCTaBAeHHR
KpynHbIX
KpeAHTOB
HcKAio'eHmH
H
H3
KpeAHTHOH nOAHTHKH 6aHKa; *
paCCMaTpHBalY
BOnpOCbI
O
KpynHbIX HHBeCTHUHMX,
npOAa2KaX
aKTHBOB
H BbInAaTe
BO3Harpa2KAeHHH; * *
H36eraloT npHBHAerHMOBaHHbIX CAeAOK C nepCOHaAOM; yqpemjAaioT
AyAHTopcKHii
OCyUgeCTBAeHH *
KoMHTeT
AmASI aHaAH3a
CHHaHCOsOfi
OTqeTHOCTH
H
BHvyTpeHHero KOHTpOAR;
onpeAeAHlOT nOAHTHKY B o6AacTH q(HHaHCHpOBaHHH,
4aCTbIM (H HeraTHBHbIM)
HBAeHHeM B CpHHaHCoBOfi
KpeAHTOBaHHH H nepcoHaAa.
cepe
RBAReTcR noAHwrH3HpoBaHHocTh,
arpeCCHBHOCTb HAH HeCHCTOHAOTHOCTb coBeTa AHpeKTOpOB, a HHOrAa H noAHoe ero OTCYTCTBHe.
CocTaB, pOAb, OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb H nOAOT'eTHOCTb CoBera AHpeKTopoB BAMHHOT Ha nosAemie 6aHr.a.
HccAeAoBaHHn
HMeAa
MeCTO
noKa3aAH,
HeSq4PeKTHBHOCTb
6aHKoBcKoii
KBaAH(qHKaUHH),
Ha6AIOAaTeAbHOrO coBeTa.
B
MTO B
60% cAyqaeB
AeHTeAbHOCTH a
TaK2Ke
6aHKpOTcTBa aMepHKaHcKHx
CoBeTa
AHpeKTOpOB
(BKAIoqaa
HeHH(POpMHpOBaHHOCTb
(HAH
6aHKooB
OTCyTCTBHe naCCHBHOCTb)
4
B
pasAHqHbIX cTpaHax CoBeTbi AHpeKTOPOB HMeiOT pa3AHqHbie npaBa H o6H3aHHocTH.
CLUA AHpeKTOpa HeCyT oTBeCaioT 3a Aio6bie
LUBefigapHs,
nepeA BKAaA-HKaMH
(qHAy1HapHyio OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb
B
HapyileHHSiHAH 3AoynOTpe6AeHHR.
repMaHUH
H
BAHRHHe Ha ynpaBAeHHe:
HIopTyraAHI,
CoBeTbl
OHH paccMaTpHBal
HeKOTOpbiX
AHpeKTOpOB
Bonpocbi
OKa3bIBaloT
npeAOCTaBAeHHH
H no 38KOHy
cTpaHax,
TaKHX
KaR
HenOCpeACTBeHHOe KpynHbix 3afiMOB
H
qaCTO OTBeqalOT 3a Te HAH HHbIe HanpfBAEeHHH AeHTeAbHOCTH 6aHKa. HeKoTopble HanpaBAeHMH nOBbluleHHH MHHHcTePCTB
CTpaHbl,
ycHAeHHR
ocyU_eCTBAFHOIMHe aBToHOMHH
HX npo()ecCHOHaAH3Ma, B CoBere.
TaKme
nepexoA K pbIHOHHOfi
CoBeToB HO
AHpeKTOPOB
MaAO KTO yMeHbl1aerT
MaAo KTO
BKOHOMHKe,
rocyAapcTBeHHbix
ABHMa,TCR
B
npCAJPHRTHMK
H
llpH 8TOM [IpeACTaBHTeAbCTDO
pa3pemnaeT CoBeTy AHpeKTOpOB HaHHMaTh
(HAH
yBOAbH3rTb) rAaBHoro ynpamsoWero 6e3 cBoero pa3peuieHHH. 5
4 Biopo KoHTpoAepa
AeHemHoro
o6pazueHHnS, 1988 r.
5 06cymeHHe Bonipoca O COBeTaX AHpeKTopOB Ha rOCnlpCAlpeAnTHTX CM. y LUHpAH H HeAAc oCo6eHHO Ha CTpaHHJ.aX
37-39. 4
(1991),
K cooiepureHHooi 6aHwocwo.i cHcreMe BMkpa6oTra IoAHTjrKH B
Pa3BHBaiOuGHXCR
AeHe2KHOrO
B
o6paWeHHR.
KOMraHHHMH 3anaAHbIx
ripaBHAa,
PbJHKaX,
'iaCTO
Bbipa6aTbiBaeTcm
HeKOTOpbiX 6aHKax, KOTOpbIe KorAa-To 6bIAH Ao'epHHMH macTo HCnOAb3ylOTCH ycTapeBHuHe 6aHKoBcKHe npoCeAypbi H onepagHfm.
HMeloIHe HHKaKoro OTHOlueHHH K qpaKTH%ieCKH OCyUgeCTBASeMblM
He
qOpMaAbHbie
ynpaBAeHHs,
6aHKOBCKa.R1
6aHKoBcKoH nOAHTHKH,
opraHaMH
6aHKoB,
HeKOTOpbiX 6oAee MeAKHX 6aHKax, aKOHOMHKe
nOAHTHKa
6aHKOBcKaH
B KOTOpbIX npHMeHReTC5i
npogeAypbi OAHTHKa
Boo6q5e
UepCOHaAH3HPOBaHHaH
A
OTCyTCTByJOT.
paBHOCHAbHa
npaBHTeAbCTBeHHOH
B
B
MeTOAHKa
COgHaAHCTHqeCKOH
nOAHTHKe.
oco6eHHO B o6AacTH KpeAHTOBaHHH H (PHHaHCHpOBaHHH,
Bbipa6oTKa
AOA2KHa 6bITb
npHOpHTeTOM AAq 6aHKOB pa3BHBaiOlWHXCH CTpaH. Bblpa6oTKa
peaAH3aM!HH
H
nOAHTHKH
o3HaqaeT
noTpe6HocTeHf, npaBHA, 3aKOHOB H ynpaBAeHqeCKOH KopnopaTHBHOH
ayAHTa.
npH
KyAbTypbl.
3aAaAbOBaeTcn OCHOBa AA HoTpe6HocTb
AeleHTpaAH3agHH
H
Bbipa6oTKe
nOAHTHKH
nOBblllleHHH CaMOCTOHTeAbHOCTH
WHMH H COTpyAHHKaMH
IpeAAo2KeHHH
Tex OTAeAOB,
BoSpacTaeT
6aHKa.
pa3BHTHIO
HMHA2t
6aHKa
H
H BHelUHerO
no mepe pacIJIHpeHHH, nOAHTHKa o 6 bmHO
BaHKOBCKan
HHBeCTHUHH
no BTHM
To cnoco6cTByeT
yKpenAHeTcH
KOMriaHHH, paCXOAbI Ha (pHHaHCHpOBaHHe KanHTaAOBAO2KeHHH, H (PHHaHCOBOC ynpaBAeHHe.
opraHHsagHOHHbIX
a TaK2Ke AAR BHyTpeHHerO
HOAHTHKe
3aTparHBaeT OCHOBHbie (PyHKIHH: KpeAHToBaHHe,
3
qpHAOCO(pHH.
6yAylgHx pe3yAbTaTOB,
qeTKO onpeAeAeHHOH
B
HHTerpaC,Ho
B MeHHbie
6yMarH H Ao'epHHe
nepcoHaA, BHyTpeHHHH KOHTpOAb
BOnpOCaM Bbipa6aTbiBaxOTcH
ynpaBAsio-
Bbipa6oTKa nOAHTHKH macTo
KOTOpbIe OHH 3aTparHBaIOT.
OCHOBbIBaeTCH Ha OTpaCAeBOH npaKTHKe, TpaAHI;HRX H peKoMeHAalHBx ynpaBASHOuHX H CoBeTa
AHpeKTOpOB.
BaHK TaK2me MO2KeT BocnOAb3OBaTbcH nOMOIlbIO H3 BHelUHHX HCTO'HHKOB.
BTOM, Aio6bie BHelI1HHe 3aHMCTBOBaHHn AOA2KHbi 6blTb aAanTHpOBaHbl K nOTpe6HocTHM
HIpH
6aHKa.
06blIHO, HOBbIe npoieAypbI H nOAHTHKa oAo 6 pHlOTCM Coe'ToM AHpeKTopOB.
XAPAKTEPHCTHKA HAAE2HOrO YFIPABAEHIR YnpaaAeHHe
'aCTO
BOnAOU,eHHOMy
B
XapaKTepHCTHKH
BoBce
He
OnpeAeASIOT
npaKTHKe.
HCKyCCTBO,
He
onpeAeAeHHIO
noAAaiouijeecH
qaCTO
aHaAHTHKH
npHHHMaKOT 3
pyKOBoAiHgero COCTaBa 3a npH3HaKH xopoimero ynpaBAeHHI.
HBAReTCH
HaAem2HbIM
cnoco6HocTH
ynpaBAeHHH,
KaK
BaHKOBcKHe KPHTepHeM
KOHTpOAHpOBaTb
AHAePCTBa PHCK,
H
BHAeHHH
Ka'eCTBa
To BamHO, HO
nepcneKTHBbl,
nepcoHaAa
H
6AecTsIuHe
HAH
Ka'IeCTBa
(pHHaHCOBbIX
HepcYIeKTHB. YnpaBAeH'iecKHe cHcTeMbi, B oco6eHHocTH cTeneHb HX q3opMaAH3agHH H AeCeHTpaAH3aMHH, OnpeAeAHJOTCSI
MH02IeCTBOM
(3aKTopOB,
pa3Mepbl H CTpyKTypy npeAnIpHSTH,
BKA1O'iaR
CTHAb
ynpaBAeHHH, a TaK2Ke KOHKypeHUH10 H BKOHOMHqeCKOe peryAHpoBaHHe. Flo mepe paCuiHlpeHHR H AHBepCHc4HKaUHH
opraHw3agHH,
6oAbmlHni
ynop
CAeAyeT
AeAaTb
Ha
HeAH'IHOCTHbie
CHCTeMbI
ynpaBAeHHa. XOTH o'eHb TPYAHO AaTb TORHOe OnpeAeAeHHe xopouHero yrIpaBAeHHH, HeCKOAbKO
Aio6oM
MOMeHTOB,
AeAe
KOTOpbIe
Tpe6yeTcH
nO3BOARIOT
AHAepCTBO
H
O!eHHTb
Ka-'eCTBO
KoMneTeHTHOCTb
5
M02KHO
ynpaBAeHHH.
B
&si
CTpaTerH'ecKoM
BblAeAHTb ycnexa
B
aHaAH3ew,
YKpeHAzeHHe pyKOroECTBRa
nAaHHpoBaHHH,
Bblpa6OTKe
AaHHOMY AeAy. E;aHKH He
HOBbbrleNHHe 9yBCTBHTeAbHHOCTN
H
nOAHTHKH
H B ynpaBAeHCCKHX
A 1epemeMHMa
yHKIgHHX,
BHYTPeHHe
npHcyIHx
sBARIOTCH HcKAIoMeHHeM.
tiHCTUTYUHOHAAbHOE PA3BHTHE OCHOBHbIX bAHKOBCKKX 'PYHKUHU paB3HTHe
HHCTHTyUHOHaAbHoe Ha'HHaeTCH
H3MeHeHHH, TaKHe
BonpoCbl,
6aHKa,
KaK
cTpaTerHH
H
6aHKa
nepeCTpOHKy
nepe?KHBaioWero
AHarHosa.
C nOCTaHOBKH
aToro
AA1
ero
Tpe6yeTCH
opraHH3aUHOHHaH
HAH
cepbe3Hbie
npoaHaAH3HPOBaTb
cTpyKTypa,
ynpaBAeHHe
KPeAHTHbIM PHCKOM, (PHHaHCOBoe ynpaBAeHHe, nAaHHpOBaHHe H 6ioAmKeTHpoBaHHe,
pe3yAbTaTbi
AeHTeAbHOCTH,
ynpaBAeHHe
TeXHOAorHH.
TaKoro
HCCAeAoBaHHH,
npOBeAeHHble
CTpaHaX
PRA
poAa
Pa3BHBaioiMHXCH
KaApaMH,
HMelOT
Heaq)peKTHBHaR
opraHH3aUHOHHaH
rPOMO3AKOCTb
npogeAyp,
CHCTeMbi
KOHTpOAH
BceMHpHblM
HeAoCTaTKOB:
CTpyKTypa,
HHq)opmagHOHHbie noKa3aAHi,
6aHKoM,
'TO
pecnpeAeAeHHe
Bbipa2KeHHOH
6aHKH
B
nAaHa,
CTpaTerH'IecKoro
OTCYTCTBHe
HeaqapeKTHBHoe
HBHO
OTCYTCTBHe
H
o6a3aHHocTeA,
nOAHTHKH,
HeaAeKsaTHaH
ynpaBAeH'IecKa5I HH"pOpMaUHA H OTCYTCTBHe (PHHaHCOBbIX H KpeAHTHbIX HaBbIKOB.
'Iaige Bcero
B yKpenAeHHH HymKAalOTCH TaKHe HanpaBAeHHR
KaK:
HAaHHpoBaHHe ,AeBH3
BbI
a
TaK2Ke
COCTaBAeHHe
COCTaBAeHHH
6ioAmeToB
CTpaTerHH
H
riAaHbI
ero
noAyIalOT
(PHHaHCOByIO
HHCTHTYIgHOHaAbHbIM
1eARM.
Bbl
BbI
HAeTe,
oKa2KeTeCb
rAe-
H BHeIrHero aHaAH3a, OnpeAeAeHHH geAeiH AOCTH2KeHHH.
HX
H
nepeCMOTP
KOAH'eCTBeHHoe
Xopomuee
onpeAeAeHHe Bblpa2meHHe
nAaHHPOBaHHe
CTHMyAOB. B
IIPH
COOTBeTCTBHH
C
rlpOrHO3HbIH 6aAaHC H OT'eT 0 AOXOAaX Ha CAeAYIOUHHH
o2KHAaeMbIMH AoxoAaMH H paCXOAaMH; noKam2yT
nAaHOB
6ioAŽKeTa,
KyAa
3HaeTe,
KoHKypeHIHH Tpe yeT BHYTPeHHerO
OXBaTbIBaeT
rOA
He
6
HH6yAb He TaM". AeHTeAbHOCTH,
"ECAH
rAaCHT:
nAaHOBHKOB
CTpYKTYpY
H
pe3yAbTaTbI
YnpaBAeHwecKHe
COOTBeTCTBYIOIJHe
AeRTeAbHOCTH,
MoryT
CTHMyAbI
6bITb
3aTeM
K
rnpHBaJaHbI
610A2KeTHbIM nOAo2KeHHHM.
B
1980
B pHAe CTpaH 6bIAa npoBeAeHa
riepecTpoiKa HenAaTe2Kecnoco6Hbix
aToM 6blAa H3MeHeHa CTPYKTypa KanHTaAa, yAaAeHbI
riAoxHx
MHorHe nepecTpaHBaeMble
MTO
AeHTeAbHOcTH: cneKyAHIgHMH,
npeAOCTaBAeHHeM
ce631 HOBYIO
pOAb,
npH6bLAb H yCTOHMqHByIO
ycAyr
HAH ynpaBAeHHH,
HaAe2KHbIX
ApyrHMH
6
HHaHcHpoaHHeM
YCAOBHHX KOHKypeHUHH
AAR
6aHKH 3aHHMaAHCb TeM,
BKAa'IHKOB.
H
3aHMOB
H pbIHKoB, HaCbIUgeHHbIX ycAyraMH,
KOTOpa.H
o6ecne'iHAa
6bl
HeKoTopble
H3
(3HHaHCOBoro
HHX,
B
pyKOBoAcTBO. 6aHKoBcKofi
caMoKpeAHToBaHHeM,
COgHaAbHbIMH
TaKHM 6aHKaM
npHeMAeMyio
AOAIO
B
nporpaMMaMH.
6yAeT TpyAHO
pbIHKa,
HaHTH
AOCTaTo'Hyio
TaCTO OHH He o6AaAaIOT Hy2KHbIM Ka'eCTBOM
AAA npHBAeIeHHR
HyymAalOTC3
H
FIPH
4
q)HHaHCOBYIO CTpyKTypy.
Heo6XOAHMbIMH
ApyrHe
6aHKaMH.
CTpaTerH'IecKoro
rIOAHTH'eCKHX
aKTHBbI H H3MeHeHO
He HBAHeTCH npeAMeToM
rocnpeAnpHRTHH,
y bITOMHblx
6aHKOB.
BO3MOmHO,
pa3pa6oTKe
nAaHa.
Bce
rpHBaTH3HPyIOTCH.
6
nAaTe2Kecnoco npHAeTCA
6
HbIx 3aeMUgHKOB
3saKpbTb
peaAHCTHqHOrO
6oAbuie
HAH
HAH
CAHTb
C
Bceo6-beMAioiMero
nepeCTPaHBaeMbix
6aHKoB
K
5
coaepileHHooo
aoAORcKOH CHCTeMe
Ynpa&aeHne KPeA'NTHhbM pHCEOM
B
OTBeT Ha Bo3paCTaHHC OTBCTCTBeHHOCTH 3a ynpaBAeHHe
6aHKH
HaqaAH
pa3pa6aTblBaTb
cHcTeMbi
co6cTBeHHbie
KpeAHTHbIM pHCKOM HeKoTOpbIl
ynpaBAeHHR
KpeAHTHbIM
PHCKOM,
BKAIoqaH pa3pa6oTKy npogeAyp H nOAHTHKH KpeAHTOBaHHM, a TaKme co3AaHHe aHaAHTHqeCKHX cAy2K6. 06bPiHO nOCAe aTorO Tpe6yeTcH nepexoA K nOAHOH CHCTeMbi ynpaBAeHHH KpeAHTHbIM PHCKOM,
BKAlOMaH
npOlgeAypbI
npo6AeMHblMH KpeAHTaMH oco6oe
BHHMaHHe
HHHUHHpOBaHHR,
K nOTpe6HocTHM
-npHBH3aHHOH
aqB4eKTHBHblM
oAo6peHHR,
npogeAypaM
KOHTpOAH
ynpaBAeHHH
H
yAeAHTb
KamAoro 6aHKa. CAeAyeT
BHyTpeHHero
cnoco6aM
KoHTpoAH,
OgeHKH
H
MHHHMH3aUHH KpCAHTHbIX pHCKOB, a TaK 2me KAaCCH(PHKaUHH H OTCAe2KHBaHHio npOCpO'eHHbIX
nAaTe2KeH
K
H HX KOHTpOAIO.
8TOMY HanpaBAeHHIO
HHCTHTygHOHaAbHOrO
pa3BHTHH
CAeAyeT
npHCT"faTb Kar MO2KHO cKopee B CHAy oco6oro 3HaqeHHR KpeAHTHOH (q)yHKUHH. 0
PHHaHcoooe ,ynpasrAeHHe
Ho mepe HOBbiX
AH6epaAH3aUHH npof0HTHbIX CTaBoK,
HHcTpyMeHToB
BKAaAOB
HAH
H
TOPrOBAH
noAyqeHHH
6aHKaMH
HHOCTpaHHOH
paCIuHpeHHH qHHaHCOBbIX pbIHKOB 3a C1eT
npaBa
BaAIOTOH,
npeAocTaBAeHHn
npOHCXOAHT
KpeAHTOB,
AHBepcH(PHKaMHn
npHHRTHH aKTHBOB
H
o6R3aTeAbCTB 6aHKOB, a TaK2me nOBbIlImeHHe HX 'IyBCTBHTeAbHOCTH K KoAe6aHHnM npOUCHTHbIX 3
CTaBOK.
To
aKTHBaMH
o6ycAaBAHBaeT
Heo6xoAHMOCTb
co3AaHHH
CHCTeM
H BaAIOTHbIMH
pHCKaMH,
a
H o6H3aTeAbCTBaMH
ynpaBAeHHH
TaKme
AHKBHAHOCTb[O,
nOArOTOBKH
Heo6xoAHMbIx
CnegHaAHCTOB.
Yn'paBAeHHe IeAoweqeCIxHMH pecypcaMH BaHKOBCKan ccpepa RBAReTCR BbICOKOKOHKypeHTHOH H 3aHHTepecoBaHHoro
nepcoHaAa.
AHMbl
npaBHAa
npO!eAypbl
o6ecneqHTb
H
BHeApeHHe
o6ecneqeHHl
TpaAHUHOHHbIX
COCTaBAeHHe
AOKyMeHToB,
o6yqeHHe
npOqpeCCHOHaAbHOe
H
a4A
ynpaBAeHHH
HM.
H Tpe6yeT BbICOKOKBaAHcpHUHPOBaHHOrO BbICOKOFO KaqeCTBa
rHpoqCeccHOHaAbHbie
npoMeAyp
OnHCbIBaioJjHX
ynpaBAeHHR
cAy2Ke6HbIe
pa3BHTHe
cAy2KaIIHx,
nepCOHaAOM
o6a3aHHOCTH OgeHKY
nepcoHaAa, ynpaBASlOUgHe
HX
6oAbiuero.
HanpaBAeHHi4
AeHTeAbHOCTH
o6ecnemeHHIo
ce6q
Heo6XOAHMOCTb
YnpaBAeHHe ynpaBARIOJJHX
nepCOHaAOM
KOMMepqecKoro
BbICOKOKBaAHcpHUHpOBaHHbJMH
B H3MeHeHHH
nOAXOAOB
H
AOA2KHO
KaApaMH.
nOBeAeHHJI
JAAI
6
COTpyAHHKOB, AeRTeAbHOCTH),
blTb OAHHM
MOryT
(HanpHMep,
pa3BHBaIOJUHXCH CTpaHaX, co3AaHHe BsqIe4KTHBHOH H ycnelIUHO CyHKUHOHHpyIOJgeiH KyAbTypbl Tpe6yeT
Heo6xo-
Ha6op, HO
B
6aHKOBCKOil H3 OCHOBHbIX
6aHKa,
eCAH
OH
KpoMe
TOrO,
qaCTO
CTPCMHTC.R
K
B03HHKaeT
nOBbiUieHHH BaXpCKTHBHOCTH
H
HHCTHTyUHOHaAbHbIX Bo3MOmKHOCTeH. OpraHH3aUHOHHaA CTPYKTypa 6aHKa TeCHO yBR3aHa C ero AeAoBoH CTpaTerHeH H CTeneHblO AeUeHTPaAH3aUHH
npogecca
onpeAeAeHHH
nOAHOMOHiHH,
yCHAHH
BcTaBKY
(CM.
1.1,
npHHHTHH O6Sa3aTeAbCTB Ha KOTOpOH
peJiieHHH.
AOAmHa
H OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH,
npeAcTaBAeHa
6aHra).
7
6
blTb
pa3pa6oTaHa
H OrpaHHmeHHH
CTpyKTypa
Ay6AHpOBaHHq
npocTaH opraHH3aMHHHaH
CTPYKTypa
BCTaBICa
1.1 OpraHHS3aHOHHam CTpyKIypa 6aHiKa
COBeT AHpeKTOPOB
BHYTPeHHHHi AyAHT
lpe.3HAeHT H CTapIUHH
KpeAHTHaS I1OAHTHKa H
HCnOAHHTeAbHblH
HaA30p
COTPYAHHK
Co
Me2IAyHapoAHOoe
Pa6oTa c
Pa6oTa c
l6aHKoBcKoe AeAO
HHAHBHAYaAbHbIMH
KOMnaHH$lMH
AAHHaHCb| AMHHHCTpagHH
geHTp
KAHeHTaMH|
OTAeA KOHTpOAf.
i
CnegHaAHCTbi no
CI)HAHaAbl B
KommepnecKHm
perFoHe
B
)iAHaAbl peFH~OHe
B
I |
Ka3HaqeficTBO
KpeAHTIaM
Iy1
2
| KoMnbIoTepHbIH|
KpeAHTHaa H
OTAeA KaApOB
OnepauHH
I OTAeA o6WHx
KOopAHHaghi I
CAyr
OTeA O
HHKOpMa4H0HHba
UAaHH0iBaHHSi H
ccYA4HaR aAMHHHCTPa4Hl
6JoAmWeTa I
OTAeA y'eTa H
aHaAH3a
I|HTpOB BHIYTPCHRna IOPKOHCYAbTaIgHf|
| I
CHcTeMbI C
H
I npogeAypb
I
X
K cowepmemoai 6amoawcKoIr cwcTCMe
C8cTCMb JKOHTpOAH AIAR Toro,
'iTo6bI 6bITb yBcpeHHb1MH B TOM,
AHpeKTopa COBMeCTHO
cHcTeM
KOHTpOAb,
C ynpaBARIOJMHMH 6
KoTopbIe
bl
o6H3aHHoCTH B COOTBCTCTBHH Ae4CTBHH CHCTeMbl
COOTBeTCTBY3T ayAHTa,
H CnegHaAHCTaMH
noKa3biBaAH,
C nOAHTHKOH
3aKOHoAaTeAbCTBy.
KOHTpOAH,
BHyTpeHHero
ynpaBAeHHH (JHHaHCOBbIM
npogeAypaMH CHcTeMbI
cAy2KaIHe
6aHKa,
a
BHeAPCHHe
BbinOAHIIOT
CBOH
TaxK2e HaCKOAbKO
MOryT
KOHTPOAH
KaxiecTBa
aHaAHsa
o6ecneqHTb
AOA2fHbl
B KaKoH cTeneHH
H
yCTOHt IHBO H HaAemHo,
9To 6aHK pa6oTaeT
aKTHBOB,
BKAIO'aTb
CO3AaHHe
H
B
HX
ce6R
OgeHKY
pHCKOM.
fHrn7ppMa0g8oHam TeXHOAOFNf AeHbrH cTaAa
KOrAa-TO
'aCTbIO
Ha3bIBaAH
o6cAy2HBaHHIR.
6aHKoBcKoro
ynpaBAeHHH.
HH(OpMagHeH
B AeHCTBHH, H HHq3OpMagHOHHaH
OHa
EBAHeTCJ1
BiaHKH
TaK2xe AOA2KHbI
noAcnopbeM
CylueCTBeHHbIM
OqeHb
TlgaTeAbHO
TeXHOAOrHH
npOH3BOAHTb
AAR OT6op
nporpamMHOrO H TeXHH'iecKoro o6ecnegeHHH, onpeAeARTb nocAeAoBaTeAbHOCTb nporpaMM H HX cnoco6HocTb yCBaHBaTb TexHOAorHIO. B paSBHBa1oujHxcH CTpaHax AOMHHHpyCT ToqKa SpeHHS, corAacHo KOTOpOH aBTOMaTH3HagS MoAePHH3HpyeT 6aHKoBcKoe ynpaBAeHHe. Ha caMoM 2Ke AeAe,
TOAbXO
6aHIH
C
HaAe2KHOH
t
TexHOAorH ecKHe nOTpe6HOCTH. c)aKTOp, 3aAep2KHBMaoJHH
cHcTeMoH
ynpaBAeHHH
- aTO HHCTpyMeHT,
TexHoAorHH
cnoco6Hbl
onpeAeAHuTb
XOTfl H O9CHb Ba2KHbIH.
aTo
HHCTHTYUHOHaAbHOe pa3BHTHe.
SAKAIO'JEHHE Ct)HHaHCOBbie
yCAyrH
reorpa(pHmecKaR HHBeCTHUHH
B
npHo6peAH
KrcnaHCHH
Me2AyHapOAHbliH
KpynHblX
6aHKoB,
pbIHKa
KanrHTaAOB.
HHCTPYMCHTbi
KpeAHTOBaHHe 3
3
pa3Max.
TOMy
ToMy
HCB3Hpa5H
TaK2Ke
cnoco6CTBOBaAH Ha
rpaHHUbI
cnoco6CTBOBaAo
H
npHHRTHe
OCHOBHbIMH (pHHaHCOBb1MH geHTpaMH OnpeAeAeHHbIX o6UiHX HOpM 6aHKOBCKOro peryAHpOBaHHH Ha OCHOBe Ba3eAbcKoro corAaiueHHn no yHHq)HKaUHH
KanrraAa H ero AOCTaTOLHOcTH, no 6aHKoBcKHm
Me2KAyHaPOAHoro
CTaHAapTaM y'eTa
MeC2AyHapOAHbIX CTaHAapTOB H3MepeHHH
6aHKoBcKoro y4eTHoro cTaHAapTa HoMep
H o6HapoAbIBaHHH
HHcPOpMaUHH;
q)HHaHCOBOH
30
H "AYAHY
KoMMepiecKHx 6aHKOB, BbinyHeHHOMY KoMHTeToM no Me2KAyHapOAHoHi ayAHTopcKoH npaKTHKe B
cpeBpaAe
AaTHHCKOH
6auxam
1990. AMepHKH,
npHXOAHTCq
rAo6aAbHaa BOCTOMHOH 60pOTbCH He
KOHxypeHTocnoco6HOcTb, 4
TO
TaKoe
6aHKOBCKHX
EBponbl H 6blBnxero TOAbKO
3a
3aTparHBaeT
TeXHOAorHH
CCCP. Bce
mH3Hecnoco6HOcTb,
HO
6
OAblue H
H 6oAbuie
6aHKH BTHM
3a COBepI11eHCTBO
H
eCAH OHH XOTfT Bbl2KHTb H npogBeTaTb.
6aHKoBcKoe
OCHOBHbIX xapaKTepHcTHK:
nepeAaqa
COBepiueHCTBO?
Onpoc
He3aBHCHMbIX
cnegHaAHCTOB
BbIRBHA
6
*
OTKpblTaR KyAbTypa H aKCTeHCHBHoe BePTHKaAbHoe H ropH3oHTaAbHoe o6geHHe;
*
HaAHqHe o6WHX UeHHOCTeH;
*
HaCeAeHHOCTb Ha npH6blAb;
*
AKqeHT Ha yAoBAeTBopeHHe nOTpe6HOcTeH KAHeHTOB;
6 AeliBnC 1985.
9
10
Y,penuenwe pJMOBO.gCa
i epeMeoaa
'YJC7rBBw.AbHOCIN
= N 1OweEe
npOAyKTb!;
*
2teAaHHe BKAaAblBaTb CpeACTBa B HOBble
*
CHAbHOe H nIOCAeAOBaTeAbHOe PYKOBOACTBO H xopomee -yBCTBO HanpaBAeHHSI;
*
CTpeMAeHHe K. Ha6opy HaHAyqlllHX COTPyAHHKOB;
*
BAomeHHe B noAroTOBKy nepCOHaAa;
*
CHCTeMa
o npoyOKTaX
HHqOpMaUHH
HAH
KAHeHTax,
nO3BOA.lIOl4aR
OCYWUeCTBARTh
oUeHKy HX npH6blAbHocTH;
*
B
Xopomee ynpaBAeHHe AaHHoH pa6oTe
cnoco6cTBoBaTb
KpeAHTHb1M PHCKOM.
npeAAaralo'rcR
npoABHmeHHlo
HeKoTopb!e KOH4enCHH
6aHKoB
pa3BHBaIOUjHxcR
q)HHaHCOBblX
CTpaH
K
XoTH MHOrHe npHMepbi B39fTbi YCAYr nPHBeAa K pacnpoCTPaHeHH
OCHOBbiBalOTCH Ha OnbiTe MHOrHX CTpaH. HHTePHaaHOHaAH&aIHR
H HHcTpyMeHTbi,
BCeMy MHpy.
10
KoTopbie 6yAyT
cOBepuieHCTBY. H3
npaCKTHKH
O
HH
CWI1A,
TonpaKTHKH TOH
no
2.
nAAHHPOBAHHE IBaHKOBcKaSI
HHAyCTpHR
nO3HaKoMHAaCb C nAaHHPOBaHHeM coBCeM
llpHUIIAO B 6aHK B 6 0-e rOAbI, nepHoA, xapaKTepHwOBaBUIHHcH KoTopbCe
npHHeCAH
6aHKoBcKoM
3HaMHTeAbHbIe
B
AeAe.
BTO
BTOpblX,
HOBbie
KopnopagHH.
qfHHaHCOBbie
B-TpeTbHX,
AHBePCH(PHUHPOBaTb
BO-nepBblx,
Ha'aAH BbIXOA4Tb
PbIHKH
CHAbHO
rAe
HSMeHHAH
BTO
npOAYKUH1O
H
xapaxTep
AOfyCKaAOCb BHAbI
ycAyr.
nrTbIX, B 6aHKH HaqaAa npOHHKaTb KOMnbJoTepHaH nOATOAKHYBUIHe
xapaKTepHCTHKaMH
MHoraHX
HiTeHCHBHbJMH
Mepe
KOAH'eCTBOM
no
6aHKH
K
(pHHaHCOBOH
BaHKH
Ha
co6ofi
POAb
aqXpeKTHBHOrO
2KH3Hecnoco6HOCTH.
UCeAbJO
pbIHKOB
pbIHKaX
H,
B
rAaBe
nAaHHPOBaHHH
B
6aHKoBcKbX
rAaBbl
H
ceHiac
KOTOpSa
KaK
yCAyrH
B-
HIpH
BTOM
cTaHyT
BeAyUgHMH eige 6
BCe
pa3BHBaTb
6oAee OAblUHM
eCTeCTBeHHbIe
eCAH OHH XOTHT OCTaBHTb
HAH
AOCTH'b
nO3HaKoMHTb
coAep2maHHe,
y'pemAeHHIx.
qBAHiOTCSI
BBOAHTCH
6yAyT
COXpaHHTb
qBAHeTCH
PaCCMaTpHBalOTCH
H
HaqaAH
(pHHaHCOBbie
BepofTHo,
AOA2KHbi
rOCpeAHHKa
AaHHOH
rIAaHHPOBaHHS.
6aHKoB
6aHKH
yCHAHBaH KOHKypeHgH10.
KOHKypeHTHbie CTPaTerHH H nAaHbl AAR peaAH3aHHH BTHX CTpaTerHH, 3a
Bo-
ypoBeHb.
TCxHHKa.7
AH6epaAH3aUHH,
TaKHX
B
Ha Me2mAYHaPOAHYJO
qpHHaHCHPOBaHHH
B-'eTBepTblx,
nAaHHpoBaHHIo,
HHaHCOBbIX
3
CTpaH.
KOHKypeHIHIO
peryAHpoBaHHeM,
HaqaAH npeAAaraTb noMHMo 6aHKoB H He6aHKOBCKHe y'pe2KAeHHH,
TeHAeHUHH,
nepeMeHaMH,
T.e. nOAHHAH KOHKypeHUH10 Ha MCAyHapOAHblH
TaM,
CBOIO
HAaHHpOBaHHe
MHOrO'IHCAeHHbIMH
OCAOmHeHHR B pa6oTy 6aHKoB H YCHAHAH
BpeMH 6aHKH,
apeHy Co CBOHMH onepaUHRMH,
HeAaBHO.
TaK MbI
6aHKu
H
qHHaHCOBoH
CO
CpeACTBaMH
rPOC4eAypbI
npogecca
npHAepmHBaAHCb
cKopee
npaKTHt ecKoro, q1eM TeopeTH'IecKOro noAxOAa.
OIPEA4EAEHHIE nUAHHPOBAHHH OnIepaTHBHbIH
ylnpaBAeHHR
nOHHMaHHH 34aAa KOAH'IeCTBa,
y'pe2KAeHHH,
KaMeCTBa
pacnopCmeHHH He MeHee
rLAaH - 3TO AOKyMeHT, KOTOPbIH
H Ha ecex ypoBHHx nepcoHaAa
H
Ba2meH,
vieM
caM
OH
8
HlpoMecc
Ha
o6ecne'eHHe BTHX 3aAax,
BblAeAReMbIX
lpoUecc
H Ka'ieCTBeHHbIX
rosopR
HAH
q3OpMHpOBaHHi
L&AaHHPOBaHHH
ero nOApa3AeAeHHeM.
HaUeAeH
AAR BbInOAHeHHR
peCypcOB,
BTHX SaAaq.
nAaH.
KOAH'eCTBeHHbIX
H nepeA Ka2KAbiM
B 6aHKe.
H TaKTHKH
pacripeAeAeHHM
AAR BbInIOAHeHHH
rpaHHII AAR paspa6oTKH MeAOM,
CTpaTerHH
MomeT 6blTb HcnOA.b3oBaH Ha Bcex ypOBHHX
co6ofi
CTORjIHX
ynpo1geHHO,
a TaKmoe
HMeIOUHXCH
H paspa6oTKH
npeAcTaBAxeT 3aAaq,
o6ulero
B
nAaHa
onpeAeAeHHe
nepeA
6aHKOM
B
nAaH cO3AaeT BHAeHHe
6aHKa. IloaTomy nAaH oco6eHHo Bam2eH B yCAOBHSX, KorAa 6aHK CTOHT nepeA HeO6xOAHMOCTbIO cepbe3Hblx
nepemeH
KOHKypeHTHY1O
7
rIoApo6noe
B o6AacTH
cpeAy,
UAH
8
B
cTpaTerHH,
KorAa,
o6cymAeHHe
naaHHpoDaHIeM, npHBOAHTCR y TepMHHOAOrHH TaKTHKH H 61ft
4
3aKoHoAaTeAbCTBa
npH'HH,
nepecTpoHKy,
KOTOpbie
BbIHYMAalOT
C BbIXOAOM
6aHKH
6aHxH
BbIXOART
B HOByIO, Ha HOBbiH
3aHHMaTbCR
6oAee Kypc
CTpaTeFHqeCKHM
MHHoHa (1986).
nAaHHpOBaHHI, eTa.
npeTepneB
HAH B CBHSH
B
STOM
OnlepaTHBHbiH
lAAaH
-9TO
ITOApO6HOe
SHa4eHHH TepMHH 'KaCTO HCIIOAbSyeTCR
AeAoBOrnAaH, HAH 6HsHec-nAaH".
11
paSBepHyToe
HBAo2KeHHe
KaK paBHOSHa3HbxA TepMHHy
iAepemeHaA
v1ycrTBNAbHocTir
YjWpejl.eHwe pfJyoBownrca m Joa memn
pa3MbliAeHHA O
KOHRy-
peHgHH, pbIHKaX, npoAyKTax H npH6blAbHOCTH, o6ecneIHBaeT rioAAep2rKy noTpe6HOcTefi
H ROH-
AeHCTBHH. IAaH onpeAe.AAeT napameTpbi
xOpouio CFOKYCHPOBaHHbIX
TpOAA, paspa6aTblBaeT HOBbliH nOAXOA K qeAOBe'eCKHM H TeXHHqecKHM pecypcaM. FlAaH ycTaHaBAHBaeT paMKH AAA pa3pa6oTiH CHCTeMbI OnAaTbi TpyAa H MaTepHaAbHOrO H HHOro CTHMyAHpOBaHHH TpyAa. rAaH He TOAbKO xapaKTepH3yeT yqpemKAeHHe - T.e. H3AaraeT ero UeAH, KOHKpeTHble 3aAaH H OnHcbIBaeT, %ITO co6oi B AaHHbIH MoMeHT ipeAcTaBAAeT opraHH3aMHR, HO H TOMHO H MeTRO H.AaraeT, K a K OpraHH3a1HH pelCHT nocTaBAeHHbie 3aAaqIH H KTO HeCeT 3a BTO OTBeTCTBeHnAaH onpeAeAAeT PbIHKH 6aHKa H OnHCblBaeT, KaK 6aHK MO2eT BbiHTH Ha
HOCTb. HanpHMep, BTH pbIHKH.
B
npogecc,
HeM OTMe'iaeTCA, Kax 6aHK MomeT yKpenHTb A!060H ynpaBAeHqecCKrH
o6ecneqHTb cBoH TeXHH'eCKHH ypOBelb H pemUITb Bonpoc nepcOHaAa. HAaH onpeAeAAeT pRA q)HHaHCOBbiX
noKa3aTeAeH
npeABapHTeAbHOM 6aAaHcoBoM oTqeTe, a TaK2Ke B oTviTe Fo
onpeAeAeHHIo,
BCeOXBaTbiBaiou.HH AOKyMeHT. 4
nAaH
onepaTHBHbIH
KoTopbie
flAaHHpOBaHHH,
Ka'ieCTBeHHoro
peaAH3yIOTCR
B
o npH6blA3ix H y6bITKax. AOBOAbHO
co6o0
npeACTaBAfeT
noApo6Hblf
H
IO MCHbiueiH mepe B HeM AOA2KHbx 6blTb OTpa2eHbl CAeAy1ojHe
3aAa'H opraHH3aUHH: *
OnpeAeAHTb 6yAyuJHA npOqPHAb;
*
onpeAeAHTb
*
OipeAcAHTb Tpe6oBaHHR noAAep2KKH - IIeAOBeqeCKHe peCypCbl, BHAbl yCAyr, npOAyXgiOo
CeAeBbie pbiHKH;
H TexHoAorHIo; *
pa3pa6oTaTb ripoeccbi KOHTpOAA.
AAR Toro, MTo6bI Bb1nOAHHTb aTy MHOrOCeAe"BYO 3aAaqy nAaH AOA2eH OXBaTbiBaTb Bce acneKTbl 6aHKoBcKHx onepaUHii H 6aHKOBcKoro acneKToB
ynpaBAeHHH,
nepeCHCAeHbl
KoTophbe
ynpaiBAeHHH. B HHme,
npoUecce nAaHHpoBaHHHi,
noABeprarcOTCS
cAoKHoMy
mUecTb
alHaAH3y
C
no3HUHH CerOAHSIUHefH H 6yAyJAeA cpopMbl opraHH3a1UHH: *
YnpaBAeHHe
pHCKOBblMH
aKTHBaMH
-
HHBeCTHUHOHHbIH
KpeAHTbi,
nOpT(PrAb,
3a6aAaHcoBbie pHCKH;
*
Ynpa&ieHNe o6JhSaa7AbcT7BaKH - AHKBHAHOCTb, npHEAe'ieHHe Aeno3HToB, o6CAy2HHBaHue KAHeHTOB,
*
PHHaHCHpOBaHHe;
YnpaBAeHHe
KOMHCCHOHHbIMH
onepagHHMH
-
onepaUHoHHoe
o6cAy2HHBaHHe,
TexHHiqecKHe H KOHCYAbTal1HOHHbie yCAyrH; *
FIpOfSBO4M7CAbJfOCTb - OnepagHOHHaR B(P"KTHBHOCTb, HHq)OpMagHOHHaA TexHOAorHm, npOHBOAHTeAbHOCTb COTPYAHHKOB, a Tam2Ke qIHHaHcoBbIe pe3yAbTaTbl;
*
KoI'TpoAbHmme
tyHKgHJ
- BHyTpeHHHH
ayAHT,
CHCTCMra ynpaBAeHHB
HHqlOpMaUKHeC,
a
TalKe ynpaBAeHHe KpeAHTaMH;
*
YnpaameHave pOTagHR,
KA4paMH
-
nOArOTOBKa
KaApOB,
Ha6op
H
Pa3BHTHe KapbepbI H opraHH3aMHOHHaR CTpyKTypa.
12
yAepmaHHe,
nooigpeHHe,
fJAauEpoBaRe OCObEHHOCTH rLAAHHPOBAHHR B BAHKAX B YCAOBHRX PA3BHBAIOIIJHIXCH 0HHAHCOBbIX Pb[HKOB PeBoAJoUHoHHbie
npeO6pa3oBaHHU
oKa3biBaTb
BAHRHHe
Ha
EBponbl
CCCP.
OTpaCAb,
H
OTHOCHTeAbHO
6AaroAapR
OAHOpOAHbIH
B
BoAee
HHCTHTYTOB
nporpeccy
npHBeAO Bcemy
no
CTpaHaX
H
cTpaH
BpeMeHH
B
yCAOBHqx
BOCTOqHOii
Ae4CTBOBaAa
KaK
peryAHpoBaHHH H
H3-3a CHHTHH
cpeAbi
O3BOARIOT
(HHaHCOH
K
nepecTpoflKe
FlepecTpoeHHble
BocToqHoii
EBponbm
H 3aU HTHT HX OT
Bceo6ibemAeiJyIO
npOBeCTH
H
C
BbICOKOH
nepeBoART OgeHKY
6oAbmuero
qHHaHCOBbIC
HMelOT
oco6yio
yXyALueHHH
qHcAa
yspemAeHHH
B
noTpe6HocTb
B
KOTOpaR onpeAeAHT
B 6yAy
eM.
HHTerpHPOBaHHyJo o&eHKy
CHAbHbie H cAa6bie CTOpOHbI opraHH3agHH, ()HHaHCOByIO OHH
Bce
eCAH OHH XOTHT OlPCeAeAHTb AAR ce6g pOAb,
HX (pHHaHcoByio 2KH3Hecnoco6HOcTb
AefTeAbHOCTH.
cTpaH,
nOCAeAHerO
AeHCTBOBaTb
MHpy.
CTpaHaX
OUepaTHBHOM rLAaHHpOBaHHH,
nAaHbl
pa3BHBaaiouHxca
CaMOrO
KapTeAb OKa3aAaCb BbJHymAeHHOH
6aHKpoTcTBo
PasBHBaIOWHXCH
A0
B pa3BHTblX CTpaHaX HaYHHalOT
TaKHX yCAOBHRX nAaHHpoBaHHe CTaHOBHTCR Heo6xoAHMOCTblO.
Toro,
4HHaHCOBbIX
HHAYCTpHH
cHcTeMbI
KOTOpaA
TeXHOAorH'iecKoMy
KoHKypeHUHeH.
6aHKOBCKOA
6aHKoBcKHe
OrnepaTHBHbIe
6aHKa, BIAioqaH
CTpyKTYPY H (JHHaHCOBbie pe3yAbTaTbi
COCTORHHH
AeA B KoppeKTHpyioIHe MepOnpHHTHR cMeqjalOT aKgeHT nepcoHaAa 6aHKa c AeHTeAbHOCTH Ha pe3yAbTaTbi BTOH AeRTeAbHOCTH. Io CpaBHeHHIO C KoMMepeCCKHMH
6aHKaMH B CTpaHax C BbICOKHM ypoBHeM AoxoAa, 6aHKH
B 6oAbIUHHCTBe CTpaH C HHSKHM H cpeAHHM YPOBHeM AoxoAa B mIHpOKHH Kpyr OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH
OrpaHHqeHHbIM KanHTaAy
H
pecypcaM,
AOA2KHbl,
0
AHBepCH(PHKaUHH.
H HeCyT 6oAbMHe
CeAoM qaCTO
COOTBeTCTBHH
Tpex
C
KoHKpeTHbIX
HMeCOT
6oAee
3aTpaTbl no OTHOLUeHHIO K CBOHM AOBOAbHO
HMelOT 6oAee orpaHHqeHHbIH AOCTyn K MeCTHOMY
B
H
Tpe6oBaHHHMH orpaHHCeHHHX
K
HHM,
CTOHT
HMeTb
H HHOCTPaHHOMY
6oAbmyIO
YfOMIHyTb
CTeneHb
oco6o
c
caMoro Ha'aAa, rIOTOMy 'ITO OHH OnpeAeASioT cnoco 6 HOCTb 6aHKoB riAaHHPOBaTb CBOio AeHTeAbHOCTb.
HecMoTpa
Ha
xpeAHToBaHHU, ocTaioTcH
TO,
(HHaHCOBbie
KaHaAaMH,
sKOHOMHKH.
-ITO
OHH
n1paBHTeAbCTBa
yqpe?KAeHHH
KOTOpbie
o6ecne'HBaloT
TaK2Ke
MoryT
noMOli.H,
TaKOH
KBa3H-pHcKoBoro
KaniHTaAa
H nepeCTpOHKH
COOTBeTCTBOBaTb HaiHTH
AAR
cBOeH
pOAH
KaK o6yleHHe
oTpameHHe
sOHbl
peaAbHbIX
Koppe"mpooaxa KoppeKTHpOBKa
#OJWH
Ha1tHoHaAbHOH
Tpe6oBaHHe AorioAHHTeAbHbIX HaA
qNHaHcoBoM
KaK
qacTo
qTO
B
HAH
BbIAa'eii
6AaronoAy'HH
nOTCHUHaAbHbIX
npo6AeM,
riAaH
ceKTopbI
npeAoCTaBAeHHR
6aHKH 'lacTO
TeXHH'eCKH,
PbIHKaX
npeAOcTaBAeHHR
HAH TeXHHqeCKHe yCAyrH,
H
H36paHHoro
onpeAeACHHble
areHTCTBa
cTaHAapTaM 3AopoBOH HopMaAbHOH 6aHKoBcKoil npaKTHKM.
OCHOBOH B3aHMoAe4CTBHH C (HHaHCOBblMH
KOHTpOAb
nporpaMM
KpeAHTOB B
npeAnpHsTHH.
opraHH.3agHOHHO
'IHCAO
pa3BHBalOjHXCR (3HHaHCOBbIX
nepeAasy
HcnOAbsOBaTbcH
HeKoMMepqecKoH
noAroToBAeHbl
CHHMalOT
B HeKOTOPbIX
HCAOcTaTo'Ho
UeAOM B
MOfLmeT
He
rnaHe AOAmHbl
AoA2KeH
CAy2KHTb
H peryAHpyMlqHMH opraHaMH.
COBOJ JoAwNT qHHaHCOBOH
pesepBOB,
KpeAHToB
nOAHTHKH
H
TaKHX
H3MeHeHHH BaAloTHorO
MOryT
KOMMepqecKOro
HrpaTb 6aHKa.
13
COCTaBAsHOIuHX,
Kax
Kypca H npogeHTHOH cTaBKH,
OAHO3HaqHo
MHorHe
ee
cTpaHbl
OTpHUaTeAbHYIo HaKAaAbiBaloT
pOAb
B
THmeAyio
YxpeuAeHHe
pyJoBq,ocTBa
KiroepeMe.m
qyBHcOrr7WAhHocTH
H mOBMIzeIHNH
BO
HOIlY nllpMbIX H KOCBeHHbiX HaAOrOB Ha (PHHaHcoBoe nocpeAHHHeCTBO.9
MHOrHX CAy-iaRX,
nlAaH npHHMTHe TaKHX mep H HX BcpeKT BbIXOAHT sa rpaHHUbi KOHTpOAH 6aHKa. OnepaTHBHbiu UnOHHMaHHe 3HalqeHHH 3aTpaT Ha AOA2KeH OpHeHTHpOBaTb 6aHK Ha TeXHHqeCKHe Tpe6oBaHHH H nocpeAHH'ecKylo AerreAbHOcTb, 3aAo2KeHyio B MaKpOsKOHOMHmCeKOH nIOAHTHKe H nIOAHTHKe CeKTOpOB 8KOHOMHKH.
HHCTwN7IJNOmaAbHaII pOAb
6aHKaMa.
6
2rH3Hecnoco
ero (PHHaHCOBY1O
2KH3Hecnoco6HocTb
pa3BHTHR
H y'pe2KAeHHRMH
o6y3AaTb
B
H
H
y4pe2KAeHHR
rocyAapCTBeHHble
cTpaHax
HeO6XOAHMO
ABOHCTBeHHOCTb
BTY
MHOrHX
RBARIOTCH
OHH
pOAb:
ABOHYIO XOTHi
Bo
3XPCeKTHBHOCTb.
HHCTHTYUHOHaAbHYIO BbInOAHSIOT
onpeAeAReT
Ha qFHHaHCOBbIX pbIHKaX
POAb 6aHKa
KoMMepqeCKHMH
qpHHaHCoBOH
HHTepecax
HOCTH, MOMeHTaAbHbIHi nepexoA K cyry6o KoMMepqecKoMy noAxoAy HeBo3Mo2KeH B
rH6pHAHbIX ytpeX2AeHHRX AeRTeAbHOCTb no pa3BHTHIo AOAMKHa npOBoAHTbCR C 10 TaKHe yMpemAeHHR AOA2KHbl npHHHMaTb npoc)eccHoHaAbHoH TujaTeAbHOCTb1O H OTRpbITOCTbIO.
B
psAe CTpaH.
KOTOPOrO
(PHHaHCOBOFO
6biTb BKAiMoeHa B nAaH.
CTpaHax, KaK rpaBHAO, HMelOT MaAblI
acneKTbI
OTpa2KeHHeM Bbi6opa
Ha
pbIHKOB,
pbIHKOB
Heo6XOAHMble
AAR
Ha
3aeMUJHK0B
BaHKH B HeKOTOphbX
OCHOBHbIX
pa3BHBIOIjHxca
Bbi6op ceKTOpOB, B KOTOpbIe OHH AeAalOT HHBeCTHUHH, H
8TO He Mo2KeT B AOA2tHOH CTeneHH AHBepCHq)HUHpOBaTb HBARSOTCH
Mepbl,
H
KpeAHTocnoCo6HOcTH
H
COCTORHHHH
PbIHKaX AOA2r.Ha
6aHKOBCKHX
6aHKa
aqIXIeKTHBHOCTH H KoHKypeHTHocnOCo6HOCTH.
rioAAep2KaHHH nAaTe2Kecnoco6HocTH, OUeHKa
POAb
onpeAeAHTb
CeTKO
M02HO
CpeACTBO C
npeKpacHoe
npeACTaBAAeT co6o0
nAaH
H
nAaTe2Kecnoco6HocTb
CBOJo
coxpaHHTb
WTo6bi
OnepaTHBHbIH
KOHKypeHTHoCnoco6HOCTb. rlOMOIbIO
Toro,
AAR
Mepbi
CnegHaAbHbie
OHH
KOTOpblX
4AsA o6ecnefieHH9
HX pHCK.
pa6OTalOT,
IIOCKOAbKy 6aHKH o6bliqHo
nAaTe2Kecnoco6HocTH
KpeAHTHbie
Ba2KHbi
KpaHHe
6aHKoB.
IloBToMy
OHH
AOA2KHbl HaiTH oTpam2eHHe B npoMecce nAaHHpoBaHHk.
IHCrIOAb3OBAHHE CHCTEMbi MOAEAbHOrO IIAAHHPOBAHHS1 CHCTeMa nepByIo
nAaHHHpOBaHHS
o0epeAb
B 6aHKe AOA2KHa COOTBeTCTBOBaTb
HAH
pa36pocaHHocTH
reorpaqpH4ecKoi
CTpyKType,
ero opraHH3a4HOHHoHi
9 XoHioxaH Htiiamea
yCAOBHHM
pa6oTbi
6aHKa,
B
cTeneHH AeUeHTPaAHBaUHH pyKOBOACTUaw
KOHMCHTPHPOBaHHOCTH,
CAO2KHOCTH
ero
npOAYKTOB
H
1990.
Ha pasBHTHe, BbIIOAHHAH CBOIO POAb OpHeHTHpOBaHHbIe cyIecTByioT H B repMaHHH, H B y'IpemAeHHn TaKHe y6brrKax. BbIcoKonpocpeccHoHaAbHo H npH oqeHb He6oAbIuHx H B IiHAIH. MHoroqHcAeHiume EBaHrAaAeume B TaKaKe a HTaAHH, H B II9OHHH, H BO (DpaHIHH, H B CHllranype,
10
HexoTropbie
qmnHaHcoBbie
6aHKH pa3BHTHR, KoTopble
y'pemAeHHR,
noTepneAH
Kpax, He CAeAoBaAH
npHHgHnaM,
noAHTHKe H MeTOAOAorHH, HcnoBeAyeMbiM
B npHHRTHH ycnenHHo npoRBHBIIHMH ce6A 6aHKaMH. He3aBHcHMOCTb npH BbI6ope COTpyAHHKOB, HeBaBHCHMOCTh y'petAeHHmMH, maCTHbIMH C KOHKYPHpOBaTb MO2KeT xoTopan TpyAa, onAaTmi cTpyxTypa pemIIeHHH, CpeACTU npo4eCcHOHaAbHbie pyKOBOAHTeAH BblCUIero SBeHa, HCnOAb3OBaHHe pbIHKOB KanHTaAa AAR MO6HAHSauaH BamHblX HaH6oAee YHCAy K OTHOCRTCR H YeTKOe OYpa2KeHHe ycnel1lHOCTH B (pHHaHCoBbiX noKasaTeAJx BqxpeKTHBHbIM sa KOHTpOAb Ha H onepanHi XapaxTepHCTHK AeRTeAbHOCTH 6aHKOB. 3aTpaTbl Ha o6pa6OTKy KpeAHTOBaHHeM KoAHMCcTBeHHo
B
geARX
OnpeAeARTb
pa3BHTHA
BbICOKH.
H ynpaBARTh
yMeTh onpeAeARTb 3aTpaTbI Ha pa6OTy c
saHIMaioUHecE
BaHKH,
3aTpaTaMH
TaKHMH
BHAaMH
Ha ocygseCTBAeHHe OCHOBHbIX onepagHHs, a
HHtaAemHbIMH AoAraMH".
14
yCAyr,
AOAmHbi
TaK2Ke AOAmHbi
cTmuo ynpaBAeHHH. nAaHHpoBaHHio,
noAroToBAeHHbliH
PaCCMaTPHBaTb cpHHaHcoBbix
CAeAyxo1gaR rAaBa npeCCTaBAerT co6o0i
KaK OTnpaBHOH pbIHKaX
nOAXOARIMYIO
aMepHKacKHM
MOMeHT,
MOryT
C KOTOpOrO
HaqaTb
K HX KOHKpeTHOH
CHCTeMy
lIpH BTOM,
AOKYMeHT no
6aHKoM.
KOMMepqecKHe
co3AaBaTb
CHTyaMHH.
aAanTHpOBaHHbli
KoMMeplecKHM
Ero
cAenyer
6aHKH B pa3BHBalOlHXCR
nAaHHpOBaHHa,
KoHKpeTHO
6aHKOBCKaS!
CHCTeMa rIAaHHpOBaHHx AOA2KHa o6ecneqHTb oxBaT OCHOBHbIX BAeMeHTOB, ocBeCjeHHbIX B AaHHOH rAase: *
KopnOpaTHBHaS
*
KoMnAeKc
cTpaTerHa;
HHaHcoBbix 3aaAa%, oTpameHHblX B cTpyKType
npeABapHTeAbHoro 6aAaHCa H
oTqeTa o npH6bL&sIx a y6blTKax KoMnaHHH;
*
cTpaTerHxecKHe
aKTHBaMH,
H onepaTHBHbie
-a4aHa
o6RsaTeAbCTBaMH,
'IeAOBeqecKHMH pecypcaMH,
*
noApo 6 Hbl
rIAaH
nAaHbl,
AOXOAaMH
oxBaTbiBaioujHe
OT
npoH3BOAHTeAbHOCTDbO,
MeponpHlTHli,
o6AacTH ynpaBAemHw
roHopapoB
H
KOMHCCHOHHblX,
H KoHTpoAeM;
oxBaTbiBaioJjHH
OCHOBHbIe
HHHUHaTHBbl
H
HanpaBAeHHH;
*
nAaH pa3BHTHR qeAOBe'eCKHX peCypCoB;
*
CHCTeMHbliH rAaH, KoTopbiH no<Aep2KHBaeT cTpaTerHio 6aHKa. HaAo2eHHasI 34eCb cHcTema nAaHHpOBaHHH nOAXOAHT 4AM AHBepCHqHUHpOBaHHOuHO Kommep'ecKoro 6aHKa, KOTOpblU HMeeT MHoro oTAeAOB H rAe pyKoBoAHTeAH noApa3AeAeHH BbInOAHSHOT OCHOBHYIO 'IaCTb pa6oTbi no nAaHHpoBaHHIo. OHa TaKme noAxoAHT XOAAHHrOBOHc KoMnaHHH, o6pa.3yxoiT
iuHpOKaH
niaH
6oAee
AASI
y'peC2tAeHH.R, pa36HBKoHi
nAaH
H
B
BceoxBaTbIBaIoIIJHH
MeAKOrO
BceHi
nAaH
no OTAeAaM,
H
MeHee
KOMnaHHH
OTAeAbHb1X
nAaH BceHi
4THAHaAOB
KoMnaaHHH.
AHBepcH4PHUHpOBaHHOFO
Ha KOpnOpaTHBHOM
14To6bi
HAH
YPOBHe
KOMnaHHH
OcHOBe
Ha
peKOMeH4AaHH,
pyKoBoAHTeAeH H pyKoBoAliTeAea
OTAeAbHOrO CaMOCTORTeAbHOrO
cAy2K6bi
MeHee
xS H
MeHTpaAH3OBaHHoro
6yAeT 3aMeHeH
nocTynaioaHx pa3BHTHa s
CAHBaKOTCS
aAanTHPOBTb SOS
HCnOAb3ySI Te 2me CaMble KaTerOpHH nAaHHpOBaHHR.
pa3pa6aTblBaeTcR
AHHeHHblX
KOTOpOHf nAaHbl
OT
Ha nAaH
c
KopnopaTHBxnii
COOTBeTCTBYMONHX
nepcoHaAa, He Tpe6yn OT HHX
riAaHa.
BHAbi rLAAHOB HAaHHpoBaHHe IL4MA&pOBMHHe
-
BTO MHOrOYPOBHeBaR
B(ATIO'aeT
HAeH,
AeSITeAbHOCTb.
KOHgenUHH,
Ha OAHOM
YPOBHs
noAxoAbz.
Ha
3aAaqH,
Cerpadr7NeCxO ApyroM
ypoBHe, 3aTparHBaeT onpeAeAeHHe MeponpHaTHfi H 3aAa' no BbimoAHeHHIO Ha TpeTbeM YPOBHe NHNaHCOwe mraNHpOBawHe H paspa6o0a 6iowmB 3aAamH, CTpaTerHH H 3aAaHHfl, Bblpa6oTaHHble B npogecce CTpaTerH'ieCKOrO H
raNITeCKOe am4m1fpOBncHH cTpaTerHH. nepeBoAmT
TaKTHseCKOIO
OnepaTHBHoe
rLAaHHpoBaHHR,
nAaHHpOBaHHe,
OpHeHTHpoBaHO
B
KOHKpeTHbie
OClpaTHBHbie
0 KOTOpOM HAeT peb
Ha BbInOAHeHHe
KOHKpeTHblX
3aAas,
o6fee cTpaTerHaecKoe
B B ToH
(PHHaHCOBb1e
HOpMaTHBbl.
rAaBe, B sHaqHTeAbHOH
OHO AOAm2HO
BKAIO'aTb
XOTR cTeneHN
H o6ecneNHBaTm
BHAeHHe KoMnaHHH. 4As 6aHxoB B paBBHBaIoWHxcit CTpaHaX, KoTopbKe qpopMHpoBaHHeM cBoero y'pemAeHHR, 6oAee scero COOTBeTCTBYeT HMeHHO TaKoH THn rL&aHHpoBaHHR, KOTOpbil .3aqacTyio RBAAeTCR iaCTbIO cpHHaHCOBO30 nepeCTpOiiKH. B TaKCHX 6aHKaX CTpaTerH'3ecKoe BHAeHHe c9HTaaeTc Ba2MHbM, HO He 6oAee B2faHb1M 'eM nporparuw 3aHHMaKOTCSR
15
N
YKpemAeH HepC wo5OagcTB
H npogeAyp,
noAHTHKH
pa3pa6oTKa
OCHOBy
BonAoIJeHHR H
onpeAeAeHHR
AAR
pa3BHTHR.
KOOPAHHHpOBaHHH BTHX BAeMeHTOB HHCTHTYUHOHaAbHOrO
B
AAR
Heo xoAHMbi
nAaH o6ecne'HBaeT
OnepaTHBHbIH
BHAeHH.R.
cTpaTerHqecKoro
6
KOTOpbIe
KaApb1,
nepecTpoHKa,
OpraHH3agHOHHan
pHCXoM,
KpeAHTHbiM
ynpaBAcHHH
cHcTeMa
MapKeTHHra,
IIDorwureHNR 'ycrTBNTHeAbOocrH A mepeMemam
HpHpoAa npoUecca nAaHHPOBaHHH B 6aHKe 3aBHCHT OT CHTyaIHH. rpoMecc nlAaHHpOBaHHR PbIHKe HAH KOTOpblH co6HpaeTca 6aHKe, KOTOpblH pa6oTaeT B 6blCTpO MeHEiOujeMCH CBOio
AHBepCH(PHUHPOBaTb 6aHKe
B
B
pbIHKe.
CTa6HAbHOM
nAaHHpoBaHHHS,
npoUecca
OT
6bl
BbIHrpaAH
MHorO
6aHKH
PbIHKax
pa3BHBaioigHxc.H
Ha
pa6oTaioiMero
ycneMHo
cTpaTerHeH,
pa3pa6oTaHHofi
c
npouecca
6yAeT OTAHqaTbCq OT aHaAorH'Horo
AesTeAbHOCTb,
BKAio-ia1oigerO TpH KOMnOHeHTa nAaHHpOBaHHR. HAaHHrNpoRaoHe
CTpaTerlvecxoe
CTpaTerHH, T.e. 11yTH H CpeACTBa AOCTH2KeHHH BTHX
BOnpocbi KTO?, 'ITO? 6yAemr npeAAaraTb HM? KaK
'ITO 3a npoAyKTb1 H ycAyr)H Mbi
(B
6
KAK?
H
yAyUIHX PbIHKOB,
o6panjeH
OH
opraHH3aUHH.
COAep2KHTCH
OTBeqaeT Ha
pa3sBHTHR. CTpaTerH1
pblHKa?
He
nAaHe
BTOM
B
peuleHHH,
npHHBTHH
npHHIHnbi
BKAiO4aeT pa3pa6oTKy
TBOp'eCKOrO
B HeM coAepmaTcn BAeMeHTbi
riepcrieKTHBy,
AOArOCpO0HyiO
CyTH, HMeHHO cTpaTerHqecKoe
KXCacOaJHXCR
pHCKa
npoHJHAu
H
npH6blAbHocTH
CTpyKTypbl,
pa3BHBaeT
H
UeAH
H
H pOUeCC
OCHOBbi AAsi npHHaTHa KA1oieBbix pemIeHHH,
KOHCenTyaAbHOH rIpOAyKTOB,
MeAeH. Fo
yqpe2KAeHHn.
pa3BHTHS
CO3AaeT nepcneKTHBy
nAaHHpOBaHHe
HAeH
IIIHPOKHe
(POpMyAHpyeT
nAaHHpOBaHHe
CTpaTerHmecKoe
Ha
HaMeieHbl
aHaAH3a,
noApo6HocTeH
HHKxaHX
- KTO HaiUH KAHeHTbh?
6aHK yAOBAeTBOpHT noTpe6HocTH
fipHBeAeH CnHCOK KOHTpOAbHblX BonpOCOB nO npoBepKe cHcTeMb1 nAaHHpOBaHHA. TaM, rAe STO Heo6xoAHMO, MbI H B AaAbHeHUIeM 6yAeM
A
HPHAO2KeHHH
CTpaTerHMeCKoro
OTCbIAaTb BaC K 8TOMy npHAo2KeHHIO.)
B MaAoH3MmeH.RIoJgHxcq YCAOBHqX CTpaTerHqeCKoe nAaHHpOBaHHe MomeT coBepCIeHCTBoBaTb oco6o
BamKHaH
B
AeHTeAbHOCTH.
'aCTb
CTpaTerHmecKoe nAaHHpOBaHHe HBAneTCR B
oco6eHHocTH 4AHTeAbHOrO
TaK2Ke
omeHb
YCAOBHHX
AaBAeHHe
nocAe
O4HaKO,
AOBOAbHO
CTpaTerH'ecKoe
Ae3rTeAbHOCTH.
yCAOBHH
eCAH yqpe2KAeHHe
Ba2KHO,
KaK He
AAH BbImHBaHHR opraHH3aUHm, B
KOHKypeHTHoe
CTa6HAbHbIX
cpe4bI
MeHsiou eAc
6blCTpO
2uH3HeHHO-BamHbIM
BO3HHKaeT
OTHOCHTeAbHO
nepHoAa
nAaHHPOBaHHe
KorAa
YCAOBHRX,
MOmeT paCCMaTpHBaTbcs1
CTeneHH H TeM CaMbIM
B He3HaqHTeAbHOH
pa6oTy TOAbKO
n1AaHHPYeT AHBepcHcFHUHpoBaTb
CBOH
AAR onepaUHH AH60 B cBHsaHHOM C OCHOBHbIM HanpaBAeHHeM, AH60 B HOBOM HeTpaAHUHOHHOM
KorAa
ce6a 6H3Hece,
KorAa
HAH
npOq)HAb
6
xoqeT H3MeHHTb CBOIO KOHKyperHTHyiO eMy
oco6eHHo
UlAaHHPOBaHHe cTaBHnWero
OHO
Heo6XOAHMO AAR
Ba2KHO
cBoeH iCeAb1O H3MeHeHHe
ypHble BpeMeHa cTpaTerH'ecKoe
CHCTeMaTHieCKOrO ynpaiBAeHHR peieHHH
CeroAHH,
AAA
pHCKOM
H AAI
TOAbKO
6aHKa,
OCHOBHbie 'ITO
xapaKTepa CBOHX pbIHKOB, OnepagHH
nAaHHPOBaHHe He3aMeHHMO,
AeSITeAbHOCTH.
qFOpMbl
npoBeAiuero
C
BbICOKOfi
noCTORHHorO
nepecTpoHKy
H
H yripaBAeHHH.
B
T.K. OHO o6ecne'HBaeT npoUecc
HeOnpeAeAeHHOCTbhO
BHHMaHHH
Cepbe3HbiX nepeMeH.
16
pHHaHCOBbIH
CBOH
AAA o,eHKH Bo3AeiiCTBHA B 6yAylMeM pemeHHfi,
CHTyaQHHi
noAep2KaHHn
H3MeHHTb
nO3H;H1o,
B 30HaX,
npHHHMaeMblX
B npoUecce
RBARIOUIHXCH
ynpaBAeHHH HCTO'IHHKaMH
iAamipoBaHse Tarn,qecxroe nAaHzzpozazNe TaKTH'EecKoe r?AaHHpOBaHHU OpHeHTHpOBaHO Ha Bb1nOAHeHHe KaxOH-TO 3aAaqH. 3 aAaqH o6blqHO HOCHT KpaTKoCpOqHbIH xapaKTep H HBAHIOTCH noAAepmxKOi CTpaTcreCKoro naHa. B TaKTH'ecKoM nAaHe OnHCbIBaloTcH cnoco 6 bi pcleHHuR 3aAaqi H AOCTH2KeHHR geCAe B Ka2AOH OTAeAbHOH
PYHK!HOHaAbHOH
B (pOpMe
KOHKpeTHoro,
KOTOpOM OTpa8fCHbl
OnpeAeACHHbIX
o6AaCTH 6aHKa. TaKETH'ecKoe
OpHeHTHpOBaHHOrO
OCHOBHble
BTanOB
MOMeHTbi
pa6OTbl
nO
1AaHHpOBaHHe 06 blqHO peaAH3yeTcq
Ha OnpeAeACHHYIO
COAep2maTCAbHoro
KOHKPCTHOMY
3aAaty
xapaKTepa
MeponpHHTHio.
nLAaHa
AeiCTBHH,
HAH AaTbl
HHme
B
B
3aBeplUeHH51
AaHHOH
rAaBe
npHBOAHTCH noApo6Hoe o6cyŽKAeHHe nAaHOB MeponpHsTHH. 0
6ox,rreToD
NoaHcoBoe izAamNpooamwe HNcocrarAesHe
(cHHaHCOBOe
nAaHHpOBaHHC
npeAnoAaraembix
pe3yAbTaToB
ynpaBAeHHe
6aHKoM.
OCHOBy
pa3pa6oTKH
AAR
3TH
H
COCTaBAeHHc
pa6oTbl,
B COOTBeTCTBHH
npeAnoAaraembic
nAaHa
6ioAmeToB
pe3yAbTaTbi
A1aTCpHaAbHOrO
H
cos3aeT
C KOTOPbIMH MOmHO
MOpaAbHOrO
MeAb1H
Heo6xoAHMo
TaK2te
Ha6op
npOBOAHTb
HCnOAb3oBaTb
nOoJJPCHHS
KaK
B ylIpemAeHHH.
-3 aTpaTbl KanITaAa, HOBbIC nporpaMMbi HAH npoeKTbi, nAaHHPYCMbIe (pHHaHCOBbIe Pe3yAbTaTbl AeHTeAbHOCTH
6ioAmeT.
Ha
B
CAeAy1oUHH
KOHe-HOM
HTOre,
qJHHaHCoBbIH
roA
AOA2KHbI
KOMnOHeHT COCTaBACHHH
npoBepeHbl
6blTb
6ioAmeTa
H
B npogecce
B1(AiogeHbI
H
nAaHHPOBaHHH
3aAaeT nAaHOBbie noKa.3aTeAH AAm 6aAaHca H OT'eTa o npH6blAAx H y6blITax, KoTopbie, B CBOIO o'iepeAb,
CAy2maT
HaAe2HbTM
CpeACTBOM
KOHTpOAH
3a
[I0Ka3aTeAAMH
AeATeAbHOCTH
B
npeAcToni_qM roAy.
rlpogecc PHCKaMH,
cocTaBAeHHS
nOTOMy
noApasAeAeHHH,
Ha
PacxomAeHMs
c
OTKAOHHTbCH OT
BioAm2teT
'ITO
61oAmeTa OH
OCHOBaHHH
6ioA2zeToM
5iBAHeTCA
OnpeAeAS1eT
KOTOpbIX
CAymaT paHHHM
pa3pa6aTblBaTb
p4A
npogecca
onepaTHBHbIX
CHrHaAOM, 6
iacTblo
ynpaBAHHsH
napaMeTPOB
npOBOAHTbcH
MO2KeT
AO1YCTHMOrO H npHeMAeMoro
Mo2KHo
HeOT7heMAeMoH
BeAbiH
AAR
ememeCoMHan
-ITO npO()HAb
pHcra
Bcex
npoBepKa.
6aHKa
MOmeT
aHJ(OM YPOBHH pHcKa B 61olWAeTHoM roAy.
CBepxy
BHH3
HAH
CHM3Y
BBepx,
B
3aBHCHMOCTH
OT
yqaCTHHKOB npogecca H xapaKTepa HX yqaCTHM. ECAH npogecc HACT CBepxy BHH3, (pHHaHcoBbie 3aAaqxH H OnepaTHBHbie 3aAaHHH pa3pa6aTbxBaeT PYKOBOACTBO 6aHKa, 3aAaBaH TaKHM o6pasoM BbIXOA cHcTeMbl. 3aTeM oTAeAbHbie nOApa3AeAeHHq noAaEOT CBOH 6ioA2eTbl, yKa3bIBalon4He, Ka(K
HMeHHO
OHM AOCTHrHYT
94"eKTHBHbIM, yCAOBHH
HAH
KOrAa KOrAa
HaMe'eHbIX
yqpemAeHHe nepeA
HHM
HMH
nOKa3aTeAefi. 6
AOA2HO CTOHT
bICTpO
3aAaHa
TaKoii
pearHpOBaTb
nepecTpoHTb
noAxOA Ha
CBOH
6biiaeT oco6eHHo
HSMeHeHHC
AeHCTBHM
BHeIUHHX 6
TaK,
oTObi
COXpaHHTb npH6blAbHOCTb onepagHH. ECAH
nPHHMT
r1OAXOA
CHH3y BBepx,
paMKax
06U4HX
OTAeAbHbie nOAPasAeAeHHR noAaEOT CBOH nAaHbl Ha cAeAyiOIIHH rOA AAA npOCMOTpa H o6cymAeHHR Ha YPOBHe PYKOBOACTBa 6aHKa. aTH nAaHbi COCTaBAAIOTCA
qcopMaT
B
KoHeCHoro
pyKOBOAHTeAAMH
H
6ioA2meTa
pYKOBOACTBOM
BOBAemeHHOCTb nepcoHaAa cBepxy
BHH3.
HanpaBAeHHH,
OnpeAeASeTCM
OAHaro,
6aHKa.
pa3pa6oTaHHblx
B
XOAe
TaKoi
PYKOBOACTBOM
o6cy2AeHHH no4Xoa
Ao6HTbC51
aqxpeKTHBHOCTH,
17
pyKOBOACTBo
HO
AHHeHHbIMH
o6ecne4HBaeT
6aHKa B pa3pa6oTKy KOHe'HbIX MeAeH AesTeAbHOCTH, 'To6bi
6aHKa,
Me2KAY
6OAbuiyyo
meM npoMecc
6aHKa
AOAMHO
YKrpenAenHfe p.yiWao0
N
CTBa
A n'epeMieHaar
V7BCT3HTrAbHOCTN
HOM0WIJWXNN
o6ecne9HTb paBHoe BHHMaHHe H CnpaBeAAHBOe OTHOUIeHHe K HymAam BCex noApa3CeAeHHH B CHH3y BBepX: HepaBHoe HAH xoAe o6cyŽiAeHHH 6ioAmeTa, cocTaBAeHHoro no npHHMHrly UOAOPBeT
OTHOu1CeHHe
IpeAB3SHTOe
npe4CTaBARIOlqHX
OTqeTOB,
Ha OCHOBaHHH
B03MO2HOCTb
peryARpHOro
Bcero
npOHBARIOUMHXCH Ha YPOBHe
CpaBHeHHH
qTO
6
Heo xOAHMo npeAnpHHRTb,
KOppeKTHBHbie
Flpo,eAypa
nOApa3AeAeHHM.
nHCbMeHHble
noAaiOT
nOApa3AeAeHHM
nORBAeHHJ
H3Aara)OT npHqHHbi
H
MHeHHMO,
HX
no
KOTOpbie,
Mepbi,
roAy.
pe3yAbTaTOB B TeKyigeM
mTo6bi AOCTHqb 3anAaHHpOBaHHbIX
C
pacxomKAeHHi,
aHaAH3
npeAnoAaraeT
npogecc
pyKOBOAHTeAH
npeAAaraioT
H
pacXO2KAeHHH
qpaKTHqeCKHX pe3yAbTaTOB
6aHKa H Ha YPOBHe OTAeAbHbIX
npeAnOAaraeT,
TaKme
TOT
HAH emeKBapTaAbHbIX
e2KeMeCqHbIX
o6 HMeIOUqHX MeCTO pacxom2AeHHHX c 6ioAmeToM
OTMeTbi TaKHX
3
6ioAmeTe.
B
3anAaHHPOBaHHbIMH
npOBepKH
B npeACTOHqueM roAy.
npOBepHeTCHI
6ioAmeTa
CHH2eHHio
K
HpHBeAeT
H
PYKOBOACTBY
K
PYKOBOAHTeARMH noApa3AeAeHMH
COTpyAHMHIeCTBa C
BbInOAHeHHe
AOBepHe
PA3PABOTKA CTPATErFiH HHrAe
oII4yWaioTcH TaK OCTpO,
aB"eKTHBHOCTH
KOHKypeHUHH,
yBeAHHB'ieieHCH
Tpe6oBaHHHI
KaK Ha PaSBHBaIOlHXCH 4PHHaHCOBbiX pbIHKax.
He
HaAe2KHOCTH
H
B HeKOTOpbiX
CTpaHaX
OT 6aHKOB O2KHAaHOT AHCHMnAHHHpyIOJeH pOAH no OTHOmeHHRM K npeAnpHsTHRM. OmHAaeTca, 'TO OHH IpHMyT y aCTHe B nepecTpoHKe npeAnpHRTHH H npHBaTH3agHH. H4acTo OHH AeHCTBYIOT B yCAOBHHX HeCTa6HAbHOCTH. MHorHe 6aHKH Ha BTHX PbIHKaX He HMeioT 'eTKoH peaAH3yeMoH rilAaHOB, XOTH HacTo OHH cTpaTerHM, He HMelOT pa3BepHyTbix onepaTHBHbIX H (HHaHCOBbIX B
MepOnpHHTHH,
cnHCOK
HMelOT
KOTOPbIX
OHH
npeAnOAaraioT
HlpH
yqacTHe.
npHHMTb
CyUgeCTBy1OogeM Ha HHX AaBAeHHH H 2KeCTKHX Tpe6oBaHHRx 6aHKH Ha pa3BHBMuOiHxC.H pbIHKaX MorAH
6OAbUlyIO
6bl noAyqHTb
BCeOXBaTbIBaiolgHX
OT pa3pa6oTKH
nIOAb3y
CTpaTerHH
nOCBHigeH
AaHHblH pa3AeA rAaBbi
OnepaTHBHbIX nAaHOB.
H
UIHpOKHX
H CHCTeMbl
HCKAMoIHTeAbHO
cTpaTerHH. H4aCTb rAaBbl OTBeAeHa o6cymAeHHIo BOnPOCOB TaKTHKH H nOArOTOBKH
61oAmeTOB B
paMKaX IluHpOKOrO onepaTHBHoro nAaHHpOBaHHH. CHHTaeTCR
KOHKypeHSHH
MOMeHTOM
OTnpaBHbIM
B pa3pa6OTKe
CTpaTerHH
qOpMyAHpOBOK
6aHKa. KaK OTMeqaA H3BeCTHbIH (pHHaHCHCT B o6AacTH CTpaTerHMecKoro nAaHHpOBaHHR MafixA HlopTep,
"CMbICA
cpOPMYAHPOBKH
t1 OCHOBOH
KOHKypeHuHeH
CTpaTerHH
pa3pa6oTKH
.3aKAio'aeTcH
CTpaTerHH,
TaKHM
B
TOM,
o6pa.3oM,
nOHHMaHHe
cAy2HT
C
CnpaBHTbCR
-To6bi
CHA
KOHKypeHMHH, HX rAy6HHHbIX npH'IHH, a TaKme OCHOBHbIX CHAbHbIX H cAa6bix CTOpOH 6aHKa no
OTHOiIIeHHIO K aTMm rAy6HHHblM npH4HHaM.
B
HeKOTOpbIX pa3BHBaiOujHXCM pbiHKaX 6aHKH HMeiOT nIpHBHAerHH, KOTOpbIe
npHeMaMH, noAy'IaeMoe
HMH
KoHKypeHTOB
B
AalOT
H3
OTHOiIIeHHH
KpeAHTHbie onepaUHH c HeT,
KOHKypeHTHOe
BX02tAeHMA
Tpe6oBaHHH
3aKOHoAaTeAbHbie
CXOART Ha
HM
rOCyAaPCTBeHHbIX
K
Ha pbIHOK
orpaHHXieHHH
H OTKpbITHH
rocyAapCTBeHHbIM
onpeAeAeHHbIMH,
no Mepe Toro
npeHMylJeCTBO:
HCTO'IHHKOB,
KoMnaHHRM
tllopTep 1979. 18
CTeneHb
AAR
nOAb3yIOTC
(pHHaHCHpOBaHHe, HHOCTPaHHbIX
HX
HOBbIX OTAeAeHHH,
o6brqHO rOCyAapCTBeHHbIMH
KaK yBeAHqHBaeTCH
OHH TaK2Ke
AbrOTHOe
BecbTH 6aHKaMH.
(PHHaHCOBOH
a
TaKme
AenO3HTHbie 3
H
TH q)aKTopbi
AH6epaAHWaUHH.
Ho
flhamrpoBamHe
Mepe Toro,
KaK aTH KOHKypeHTHble npeHmyWeCTBa
Hc'e3aloT,
6aHKH AOA2KHbI pa3pa6aTblBaTb
HOBble.
HCTOKH KOHKypeHTHbIX rpeHMyUeCTB KOMMepqeCKHX 6aHKOB C OAHOH CTOpOHbI OAHHaKOBbI BO BCeM MHpe,
a C ApyroH
HHmKe npHBOAHTCB 6aHKoB,
- MOryT 6blTb KOHKpeTHO-Cr1egHq)HqHblMH
Bam2Hbie
HCTOqHHKH
no cipaBeAAHBOCTH
KoTopbie
KOHKypeHTHOH
MoryT
6bITb
CHAbl
AAH
KamAoro pbIHKa.
KpynHeHlUHX
MemAYHapOAHbIX
OTHCeHbI H
K
6aHKaM
pa3BHBaioIJHXCH
CTpaH. 1 2
BaHKOBCKam CTpaTeruHH BKAiOYaeT npHHSTHe pellleHHH B OTHOIUeHHH geAeBoro pbIHKa 6aHKa. pblHOqHbIH CTpyKTypbI, pa3AHqHbIX aAbTepHaTHBHbIX peUIeHHH nomoraeT 6aHKy OnpeAeAHTb cTpaTerHlO, KOTOpaA H AOCTH2KHMa H nOTeHUHaAbHO npH6blAbHa. KpHTepHH AHaAH3
KOHKypeHTHOcnoco6HoHi
pbIHOHHOH CTpyKTypbl, pa3pa6oTaHHble M. IlopTepoM, MoryT npHMeHHTbCH K paBAH4HblM 6aHKOBCKHM pbiHKaM (BCTaBKa 2.2) AAH OnpeACAeHHS gOnOAHHTeAbHbIX XapaKTepHCTHK npH pa3pa6OTKe 6aHKOBCKOfi CTpaTerHH. 1 3 B3 aHKH,
npeTeprieBWHe
HeAaBHIO1O nepeCTpOHKy, HMeIOT TeH4eHgHIO HaUeAHBaTbCH Ha nepBoKAaccHbie KOpnopaUHH H 6oraTblX MaCTHbIX KAHeHTOB.1 4 aTOT peHOMeH M Homm yBHAeTb B TaKHX pa3AHqHbJX cTpaHax KaK FaHa H BeHrpHH. Ho CyljeCTBYIOU4He H nOTeHUHaAbHbIe pa3Mepbl pbIHKa aToro cermeHTa 6aHKoBcKofi BCIo 6aHKoBCKyIo HHAYCTPHIO. AOMHHHPYIOT
Ha
KoHKypeHgHH, IlOHHMaHHe
pblHKe.
K
KAHeHTYPbI KaK npaBHAO He cMoryT o6ecneiHTb
TOMY me B HeKOTOpbIX CAy"aqx oTAeAbHble y'pe2KAeHHH ymKe pa3pa6oTaHHble 6e3 TIgaTeAbHOrO aHaAH3a 4paKTOpOB
CTpaTerHH,
He MOrYT CAy2KHTb OCHOBOH ycneliHoro, CTpYKTypbI
PbIHKa
6aHKOBCKHX
PHHaHCOBO
YCAyr H KOHKypeHUHH
2KH3HCCnoco6Horo Ha BTHX
pbIHKax
6aHKa. cos3aeT
OCHOBY yCrIelUHOH CTpaTerHH.
B
CTpaHax
pa3BHBalOlgHXCH
KoHKypeHUHR, HanpHMep,
KaK B
HeKOTOPbIX
HcKAjoSHTeAbHO
Flo
KOMnaHHH. BHAHMOCTH CTpaTerHH KOTOPYIO
pblHOK HAH
KOHKYPeHUHR
6aHKOBCKHX
HeCKOAbKo
HHAHBHAyaAbHbJX KoMnaHHH,
pa3BHTHH
Me2KAy Ha
maCTO
yCAyr
OTAeAbHb1MH
COBMeCTHbIX
y4pe2KAeHHH
OHH AOA2KHbl coxpaHHTb
HAH
'aCTHbIX
AH6epaAH3agHH, H
Me2KAy
OAHO
npeanpHHTHH,
mepe
YCHAHTCH AAA
CAY'qa5X
npeAnPHHTHH
HHOCTpaHHbIX
6aHKOBCKHX
pa3 6 HTa
o6cAymHBaloT
rOCYAaPCTBeHHbIX pbIHKe
npaBHAO,
PbIHOK
TaKHX
TPCTbH
pbIHKaX
TaKoro
ApyrHe
COCpeAOTO'HAH HAH
lBAHeTCA
-
nO'TH pblHOK
yCHAHH
Ha
TpaHCHagHoHaAbHblX
aTHX
CerMeHTaMH.
H
pbIHKa.
y'pe2KAeHHH
KAHeHToB,
yrAy6AeHHH
OTAeAbHbIMH
HHTerpHpOBaH
CerMeHTaMH
6aHKoBcKHx
npeAnPHHTHH H
He
pbIHKOB
HCXOAHbIM
CTeneHb
no
BCeH
BOnPOCOM
cnegHaAm3agHH,
H noAAep2KHBaTb.
12 MaTepHaA aAa&iTHPOBaH y BaAbTep 1988. 13 j1 OpTep 1979. 14
Pa6oTy
c
6oraTbIMH
AIOAbMH
HHOrAa
HHoCxa3aTeAbHo
6aHKOBCxOe Ae4Ao
19
Haa3b1BalOT
'iacTHoe
RAH
HHAHBHAyaAbHOe
Kr mepememam
qyCTrBeAbHOCTm
YxpenAemae pJ=OO4o,cBa N IIoBmIIremif
BcTasKa
2.1
4 CTOqHHKH KOHKypeHTHOa CHAbI mexcAyHaPOAHbIX 6aeKoB H K xanKHTaAy Ha 4ocraToYmmocm KaJHTafa - Fo mepe Bo3paCTaHHR Tpe6oBaHHH
cpHHaHCOBbiX
HBHTCH cepbC3HbIM H CO CTOpOHbl peryAHpyioiiHx opraHoB, HeAOCTaTOqHblH KanHTaA oqepeAb KaCaRCb TaKHX ee TOPM030M Ha rlyTH 6aHKoB K ycneUwHoH AeHTeAbHOCTH, B nepByio pbIHKaX
UnoKynKa 6aHKoB. H pOpM, KaK pa3meugeHHe geHHbiX 6yMar no noAnHcKe, CAHRHHR He MoryT paccmHTbIBaTb Ha RaYecTBo aKTHBoB - BaHKH C aKTHBaMH HeBbICOKoro KaqeCTBa no3HUHH HX q,HHaHcoBoH CHAbi. 3aHHTHe CHAbHOrO KOHKypeHTHOrO noAo2KeHHR Ha PbIHKe C CAa6bix 3aeMUJHKOB. TaAaHT (I)HHaHCOBbie H AIOACKHe pecypcbi 6yAyT OTBAeKaTbCH Ha t nepeCTPOHKy cBoero nopTq)AS H COTPYAHHKOB H aHeprHH yqpe2KAeHHA 6yAyT HanpaBAeHbl Ha ynpaBAeHHe npO6AeMHbIMH KpeAHTaMH. CymAeHHH no3BOASIOT Aro4cKHe pecypcbJ - HlpeAnpHHHMaTeAbcKHe Ka'IeCTBa H 3ApaBoCTb H3BeCTHblH HCMeUKHH 6aHKHp 6aHKy nOAb3OBaTbcq BO3MO2KHOCTRMH pbIHKa. KaK OTMeCaA ryT: "B CCrOAHHUIHHX YCAOBHHX H3MeHsioueeHca KOHKypeHTHOH cpeAbi 4eAOBemeCKiHH
BHApPHA KanHTaA
CAeAyeT
cnoco6HocTb pecypCOB."
K HcnoAb3oBaHHIO
Bo3MO2KHOCTeH
yqpe2KAeHHSI,
(HHaHCOBoro
PbHKa npHRMO 3aBHCHT OT Ka'ieCTBa AIOACKHX
15
IIIpopMaghw - BaHKOBCKOe AeAO
c6opy
aKTHB
UeHHblH
caMbIH
KaK
PaCCMaTPHBaTb
H HCnOAb3OBaHHlO
- HHOpMpagHOHHO
Ba2KHeHHIHX
- OAHH H3
KpeAHTHOH
oco6eHHocTH
- B
HH"pOpMaUHH
eMKOe IIpOH3BOACTBO. CrIoco6HOCTb K
H OieHKa HH(POpMajHH KpaHHe Ba2KHbl AAA TaKHX BHAOB paBHO KaK H AAR Pa3BHTHR Ae5!TeAbHOCTH, KaK KpeAHTOBaHHe H CB13aHHbie C HHM onepaUHH, ()HHaHcOBbIX npeAocTaBAeHHe HOBbIX npOAYKTOB H YCAyr, HeKOTOpb1e H3 KOTOpblX (TaKHe KaK BKAaAOB 6aHKa B aKOHOMHKy.
AOA2KHbI
KOHCyAbTagHH)
C6op
TOrO,
AAA
HHqpOpMaIHeH
nepBOKAaCCHO1U
o6AaAaTb
qTO6bi
6
blTb
nOAe3HbIMH KAHeHTaM. NHHaHcoBbIe TeXHOAorHH,
HHHoBgNHH -
COCTOSIHHH
pbIHKa,
(PHHaHCOBblX
paBBHBaioWHxcC
HHHOBagHR
RBAHeTC.R
peryAHpoBaHHS
KOPIIOpaTHBHOH
H
HHHOBalUHH
pbIHKax,
qeAoBeqecKoro
(PyHKUHeH
'aCTO
6aHKa.
KyAbTypbi
OHa
B
OTCyTCTBHeM
oTBepraeTcH
KoHKypeH!,HH H 2KeCTKHM peryAHpOBaHHeM (HHaHCOBbIX HHCTpyMeHTOB. TexHoAo,wz - rHpHeMAeMocTb TeXHOAOrHH H yMeHHe, C KOTOpbIM
KanHTraAa,
npMeHHeTCR
KaqeCTBO npHH1THRS HHTepeCaX 6aHKa, o6yCAasAHBaeT Ka'eCTBO 6aHKOBCKHX ycAyr,
B
pelIeHHH H
BHyTpeHHero KOHTpOAH.
WpaHumNsa BOCnPHHTHeM
-
Ha
HO
HeMaTepHaAbHblii, pbIHKe
npeAAaraembix ycAyr,
Ba2KHblH
HCTOPHH pa3BHTHR
KoMneTeHTHOCTH
BHA
H co3AaHHR
aKTHBOB.
JJeHa
6aHKoBcKoro
H KoHKypeHTHOcnoco6HOCTH
15 firrHpoBaio no BaAuTep 1988,
CTp.
81.
20
onpeAeAReTCH
y-Ipe2KAeHHHs,
6aHKa. UeHa
KAHCHTOB. MO2eT TaK2e onpeAfeARTbcH CeTbIO (pUAHaAOB 6aHKa HAH 6a3oHi
HcroVHHK: BaAbTep 1988.
ero
Ha6opa
ppaHiH.3bi
!LAaHopoWroe
BcTaBKa 2.2 KPHTepHH IOHwypeHTHOCIOC06nOH CHAa
pbIHOqHOH
l7OCTrBaNHKOB Ha phlHme - Cpe4CTBa H COTPYAHHKH
pecypca
6aHKa.
Bo3Harpa2KAeHHe
pHHaHCHPOBaHHH,
paBHO
KaK
3a
HCTOqHHKH
nAaTa
H
CTPYKTypbI BOT
ABa
(HHNaHCHOBaHHR
H
-
pecypcbl
3a TpyAOBbIe
H
xpaHHe
Baf2IHb1X
orpaHH'IeHHf
AeCHlUHT
B
Heo6xoAHMbix
HaBbIKOB, CHAbHO BAHHIOT Ha 6aHKoBcKHe onepaJHH.
Ph/NoYHaH CHAa 6oAbMHii
BeC
H
KACeH7VB
CHAy
TpaHCHa,UoHaAbHble
B
OnIpeAeAeHHbie
-
no
neperoBopax
KOMnaHHH,
6oraTbie
rpynnbi
cpaBHeHHIO
'iaCTHbie
AHUa,
KAHeHTOB C
ApyrHMH.
3HaqHTeAbHO
HMerOT
K
HHM
BbICOKOKAaCCHbie
OTHOCHTCH
C
KopnopagHH.
ApyroH CTOpOHbl, aTH PbIHKH KnpeAAaraloT o0eHb saMaH'IHBoe COOTHOIIIeHHe pHCKa H AOXoAa.
Ho
HaAnYHe npo,4yrKToB-aHaAoroB pblHOK,
KAaCCHu1eCKHe
CKHMH nlpOAyKTaMH.
npOAYKTbl
mepe npOHHKHOBeHHR
TpaAHUHOHHOrO
AOCTyIHHOCTb 3aMeHHTeAeC
6aHKOBCKoro
HHHOBaUHOHHbIX AeAa
MaTepHaAOB Ha
BbITCCHRHOTC1
He6aHKoB-
BAHReT Ha CTpYKTypy KOHKypeHTocnoco6HoCTb
pbIHKa.
CTpyxrypa KOHKypeHNHH - CyujeCTBy1OgHe H nOTeCHHaAbHb1e KOHKypeHTbi. 1jesoBbe TeH4eHgNH BHAaMH
npOAYKTOB
H
- 3aTpaTbi CpaBHeHHe
C
H AOXOAbl,
CBS3aHHbie C HOBbIMH pbIHKaMH
3anAaHHpOBaHHbIMH
Ha
AaHHbiU
nepHOA
H HOBblMH
nOKaS3aTeAnMH
nPH6blAH.
H1CToVHHK:
C HMmeHeHHRMH
MHorHe pa3BHBaolgHeCC 'iCcKHe
qJHHaHCOBbJe
TaKl2Ke MaAbie,
IopTep
1979.
PbIHKH HMeIOT
CHCTeMbi,
YSKO CnegHaAH3HPOBaHHbie
Mx ycnex 3aBHCHT He OT oco6o0i paaKTOPOB ycnexa, MHorHe ycieiulHbie
TeHAeHUH10 pa3BHBaTbCR
BKAIO'aIOUJHe
6aHKH.
co3AaBaAH
MHOrHe
1 7
Y
npoAyMaHHOCTH Bbi6opa
B 6oAbillHe
ycneWI1Hb1e
6aHKH
aAbTepHaTHB H
npH HIHpOKOU AHBepCH(pHKaUHH
xAHeHTOB H
o6cAy2HBaAH
6aHKH
16
,
a
camAoro THna 6aHKoB eCTb CBOH pOAb.
OT OnpeAeAeHHR
BbinOAHeHHS
6
KOHNeNTpHpySHCCb,
npeAoCTaBAeHHH AoporHX yCAyr.
OAee
AeCIIeBbIX ycAyr.1 8
KAio-]eBb1X
noCTaBAeHHbIX 3aAaq.
6aHKH HMeAH O4eHb y3KO CqpoKyCHpoBaHHYIO cTpaTerHIO,
ce6e HMHA2Il npOHSBOAHTeAeH
rIAIopaAHCTH-
AHBepCH(pHjHPOBaHHbie
opraH3aIaH0HHOHi CTpyKTypbi, a
HanpHMep, Ha o6CAy2fHBaHHH KopnOpaTHBHb1X
Hao6opoT,
KpynHbIe
UIHpOKHH
CneKTp
H
PbIHKOB
H
OAHHM H3 OCHOBHblX orpaUHHieHH
IBAHieTcCR CKYAHOCTb TeXHHqeCKHX
H ynpaEAeH'ecKHX
HaBbiKOB.
HIOaToMy cTpaTerHIo Heo6xoAHMo yB3biBaTb C BOSMO2KHOCTHMH y'pe2KAeHHR.
16 TeHAeHWRu eTcs
npRMoe
B BocTo9HoH EBpone BbipamaeTCn B ABHmeHHH K YHHBepcaAbHbiM 6aHXaM, KOTopblM nosBOAs
HAH HenpAmoe
y4acTHe (B macTHOCTH, 'epes CBOH Ao'epHHe npeAnpHRTHR) B onepagjRx C KanmTaAOM KoMnaHHi H geHHbIMH 6ymaraMH. BcKope HeKoTOpblM HS BTHX CTpaH npHAeTCS BrLAoTHylio 3aHuTbch HHTerpaij|Hef 6aHKoBcKorO AeAa H cTpaxoBaIHI, noATBepmAan yCTOH9HBsYO TeHAeHWHlO, cyuecTByiojyio B 3anaAHo8H
EBpone.
17 MaAeHbKHe, y3Ko-geAeBble 6aHKH HHOrAa HaBbIBa*OT 6aHKaMH-HmIUaMH HAH KHocKaMH". 18 Co6AioAeHHe paBHoBecHa HHTepecoB ys3oro pbIHKa H CneUHaAsHHpoBaHHoro npOAyKTa H OTpacAeBoH HAH reorpaH'MecKofi AHBePcHcqHKaUHH fopTqCA Tpe6yeT OCTOPOMHOCTH H MyApocTH, nocKoAbKy Heo6xoAHMa SHaqHTeAbHaR CTerieHb AHBePCH(HKaUHH AAR H3OAgUHH 6aHKa OT pHCKoB, cBJsIHHbLx C 'peaMepHoH KoHIeHTpagJHeH nopT"
KpeAHTOB.
21
H
IyBCTBNTeAbNoCTN Ar HepemeHam
N irOBIIJeHNwr
YJrpeinAeHNe pJwOBOmxCTrm
Pa3pa6oTKa CTpaTerHH B TaKHX yCAOBHSX BKAioqaeT pa3pa6oTKy H onpeAeAeHHe HHTepecHbix npHBAeKaTeAbHbIX pbIHKOB, KAHeHTOB H ogeHKy KOHKypeHUHH, KaK o6 3TOM roBOpHAOCb HexBaTKa KBaAH-
CTaAKHBaHoTCH CO MHorHMH orpaHHmeHH9MH. CAa6ocTb KpeAHTHoro riopTe,
CHTyaUHH, HeXBaTKa HHq)OpMaUHH H
(pHjHPOBaHHOro nepcoHaAa, riepeMeH'IHBaR SKOHOMH'ieCKas
cKopee Bcero He
6
pa3pa6oTKH
CeKTOp
BO3MO2KHOCTb
- BCe STO OrpaHHqHBaeT
6
KOTOpoe HCrIbITbIBalOT
AaBAeHHe,
YqHTbIBasi MHoroqcHAeHHoe
Bbi6opa cTpaTerHH.
Am1
B q)HHaHCOBbiH
rocyAapcTBa
BMeCI1aTeAbCTBo
yCAOBHRX H
B CAO2KHbIX
pa6oTaloT
(pHHaHCOBbIX pbIHKax,
B pa3BHBaloWHxcsl
BaHKH
BbILue.
aHKH, OHH
yAyT 3aoCTPHTb cBoe BHHMaHHe Ha KOHKYpCHUHH KaK eAHHCTBeHHOH OCHOBe CBoeH
TeM
CTpaTerHH.
yAeAHTb
Heo6xoAHMo
He MeHee,
aTHM
BHHMaHHe
BAeMeHTaM npH PaSBHTHH CTpaTerHH 6aHKOB H cAeAaTb HX, rio Mepe pa3BHTHH pbIHKOB, TOqKOH q)OKYCHPOBKH CTpaTerHH 6aHKa. 3 B aHKH B pa3BHBaIO1JHXCM
(pHHaHCOBbIX pbIHKaX AOA2KHbi
eCAH OHH KacaIoTcH HX OCHOBHOH KAHeHTypbi.
KaAbHbie H3MeHeHHH B HaCTOHigeM H B 6yAyi.eM,
B
HanpHMep,
BeHrPHH,
cTpaHe
nepexoAa
6aHKoBcKoro
-
6aHKH B CTpaHax
B
RBAHeTcC
KpaHHe
paBHO KaK H AAR cTa6HAbKoMnaHHH,
HecoMHeHHO
MTO
pbiHKa 3aBTpauHero
H AHHaMH'ieCKOrO
nepexoAHoro
H B ()HHaHCHpOBaHHH
CBOIO POAb B peqJopMe npeAnpHHTHH
OnpeAeAHTb
HOBbIX
npeAnlpHiTHH
Co3AaHHe H pa3BHTHe
roAy.
POCTa H npH6bIAbHOCTH,
npHBAeKaTeAbHOrO
rOCyAapCTBeHHbie
oco6eHHo
1990
B
KpeAHTOBaHHR
rIOMHMO
BKOHOMHKH.
npHBeAeT K BO3HHKHOBeHHio
6aHKH
TbICS1M 3aperHCTPHPOBaHHb1X
Bq)4eKTHBHoro o6cAy2HBaI-IHH HOBbIX KoMnaHHH
H CTPaTerHH
BamKHbMM AA.H noAAep2aHH. HOCTH
43
6blAa 3aperHCTPHPOBaHa
Ha KoHeg 1990 roAa
MeToAoAorHH
TpeTb H3
npHMCpHO
UHe paAHnOHHMaTb npOHCXOAH 4
nepHoAa
AH1,
AoA2rHbi
-
nAoxo pa6oTaioiHx
pecny6AHKaHCKHX npeAnpHTHTHA. AO CHX nop, OMHb HeMHOrHe 6aHKH HAH npaBHTeAbCTBa 'eTKO onpeAeAHAH CBOIO nO3HUHiO no aTOMy Bonpocy. XapaKTep KpeAHTHbIX pHCKOB, xapaKTepH3yIolo4HH 6yAyujHx 3aeMUJHKOB, AOAMeH 6bMTb BHHMaTeAbHO H3y-ieH 6aHKaMH, B oco6eHHocTH, eCAH BTH 6aHKH HeAaBHO npOIUAH nepeCTpOHKy H
pHCKOM,
KaK
nAaTe2Kecnoco6HoCTH.
CBoeCH
HHH
cTpaTerHIO AAA noAAepma-
H3MeHHTb CBOIO KpeAHTHylo
noToMy MoryT c'HTaTb Heo6xoAHMbIM
oTMe'iaeTCSI
B
rAaBe
3
KpeAwTHbiM
"YnpaBAeHHe
OT6op KpeAHTocnoco6HbIx pblHKOB RBAReTcR BamHbIM HCXOAHbIM YCAOBHeM coxpaHe-
HHH 3AOpOBOro KpeAHTHOro nOpT
H.
nPOUECC OnEPATHBHOrO nAAHHPOBAHHH K
nAaHHPOBaHHIO MO02HO nOAOHTH no pamHoMy. Hpoa,ecc, onHCaHHbIH B BTOH rAaBe, npeA-
noAaraeT
yqacTHe
nAaHOB
pa3pa6oTKe
B
COTPYAHHKOB
H HCXOAHT
H3
HecKOAbKO
HaAHqHR
Ae eHTpaAHwBaHHOH CHCTCMbI ynpaBAeHHH, npH KOTOpOH OCHOBHOH o6beM onepagHH, HbIX C FlAaHHpOBaHHeM, 6oAee
MeAKHX
BbIrIOAHHeTcR AHHeHHbIMH PYKOBOAHTeAHMH
noApa3AeAeHHH.
19 KaK oTMeiaAocb Bbimle, KOpnOpaTHBHOM
KoMMepmeCKOro
yqaaCTByeT
B
ypoBHe,
(CO) BO
opraHmsawiH
19
6aHK
HCnO.Ab3yR
Te
HpH
MOmeT
MemAyHapoAHoHi
OCy1eCTBHTb
Me CaMbIe
BCTyrIHTeAbHOHiMaCTH
6aHKa, KOTOpblH
TaKoM npogecce
H
npeAcTasBAAeT
BaHHMaeTCR OnTOBbIMH 6aHKOBCKHMH
6aHKOBCKOi
AeJTeAbHOCTH,
22
noAoTAeAoB
MeToAoAorFHo.
co6o0
CHAbHO
H
6aHKa Bbipa6aTbiBaeT
npOCTOHigeHTpaAm3oBaHHbxH
6oAee
COCTaBAJuOi1He
KHHrH
Ha YPOBHe
PYKOBOAHTeAb
cBn3aH-
[IpHMep
npogecc
Ha
cxeMaTHiecKoH
ynpoiUemyio
cTpyKTypy
onepagRMH C KpynHb1MH KoMrHuHRMH,
a TaKme SaHHMaeTCI
6aHKOBCKHMH
onepaxHRMm
C
I7 AaHNpommme BHAeHHe
KopnopaTHBHbIX
KoMnaHHH,
aKTHBHOrO
y'IaCTHSI
pyKOBOAHTeAR
3aAaq
B
IeAeH,
H
npogecce
OTCAe2KHBaeT
nAaHHpOBaHHSI,
BbInOAHeHHe nAaHb
FBe3
ILAaHa.
fipeBpaalIOTCJH
B
aAMHHHCTPaTHBHYIO pyTHHy.
KaKHM 6bi MeTOAOM HH noAb3oBaAHCb AAfl pa3pa6oTmH KOpnOpaTHBHOH CTpaTerHH H (pHHaHCOBbIX 3aAaq, npeAnOAaraeTcfl, tTO PYKOBOAHTeAH noAoTAeAOB nepeBeAyT HX Ha H3biK pbIHOtHbIX npHOPHTeTOB, CBH3aHHbIX C HX KOHKpeTHbIM HanpaBAeHHeM AefrTeAbHoCTH. Ha YPOBHe KoMnaHHH B geAOM, npogecc ntAaHHPOBaHHH HaYHHaeTcHi C onpeAcAeHHS cBepxsaAax H nOCTaHOBKH
saAaq.
KOHKPeTHbIX
OHH AOA2Hbi
6blTb o6R3aTeAbHo
yBH3aHbI
C HMelOJ1HMHCR
BO3MOKHOCTHMH H AOCTYnHbIMH pecypcaMH.
Ha YPOBHe cTpyKTypHbIX rioApa3AeAeHHH
geAH,
OgeHHBalOTCH H cpaBHHBalOTCR
CTpaTerHH
cTpaTerHeH.
H PbIHOYHbie npHOpHTeTbI
06uge6aHKoBCKHfi
nAaH
H riAaHbl
OTAeAOB
noCAe
saAa-H,
C KOpriOpaTHBHOH
aToro YBR3blBafOTCH
B
OAHH
o6uJHfi onepaTHBHblIH rAaH 6aHKa. OTAeA nAaHHpOBaHHH H KOHCYAbTaHTbi 6aHKa HMelOT CBOIO pOAb B BTOM npo5ecce: nepBblH o6ecneqHTb aHaAHTH'eCKHH nOAxOA, npOCTPYKTYPHPOBaTb nAaH H opraHH3OBaTb ynpaBAeHHe npOgecCOM riAaHHpoBaHHH. KoHcyAbTaHTbi AOA2KHbI nOMO'Tb npH pa3pa6oTKe nepBoro nraHa ytpe2KAeHHH, npH nepecMOTpe npogecca riAaHHPOBaHHH HAH B TOM CAy-Iae, ecAH AOA2teH
6aHK co6HpaeTcH 3Ha4HTeAbHO
H3MeHHTb CBO1O CTpaTerHIO. OAHaKo, OpraHH3aUHff MO2KeT OCyHgeCTBARTb rlAaHHpOBaHHC H TOrAa, KOrAa B ee COCTaBe HeT CFlCeHaAbHOrO nraHoBoro OTAeAa H HeT KoHcyAbTaHTOB. HHKaKHe nAaHbl He 6yAyT HMeTb CMbICAa, eCAH B npogecce nAaHHpoBaHHB He
mrpaiOT aKTHBHOH POAH pyKOBOAHTeAH 6aHKa. Heo6xoAHMo nOMHHTb KaTerOpHqHOCTb yTBep2KAeHHH: nAaHHPOBaHHe - aTO o6H3iaHHOCTb PYKOBOAHTeAeH AHHeHHOrO ypOBHR. Fpogecc nAaHHPOBaHHH COCTOHT H3
*
BBO,4,aHHbX H aHaHN3
*
PeLUeHhf
-
5
(pas:
c6op H omeHKa HHqPOpMagHH;
-
onpeAcAeHHe
HpHOpHTeTOB
KOpnOpaUHH,
q)OpMYAHpOBaHHe
nporpaMM
nOApa3AeAeHHH;
*
4OAyMiemHpOBaHNe - nepeHeceHHe nAaHa Ha 6yMary, pa3pa6oTKa nAaHOB, cTpaTerHH OTAeAOB, CTpYKTypHblx noApa3AeAeHHH, riAaHOB MeponpHHTHH, 6ioAmeToB;
*
063op
-
o6UjHii
pyKOBOACTBOM,
tIH3HeCnIOCo6HOCTb
qepe3
nAaHOB,
neperoBopbl
Bbipa6OTKa o6u4ero MHeHHN
H
KOOPAHHHPOBaHHe
rLAaHOB
C
no nAaHy C PYKOBOARJJHMH pa6oTHHKaMH
6aHKa. HlpeACTaBAeHHe KpaTKoro coAep2KaHHH nAaHa Ha COBeT AHpeKTopoB 6aHKa; 0630p BZd7OAHeHHH H.4aHa - ynpaBAeHHe HCnOAHeHHeM nAaHa.
* 2
o63op
KOTOpbli
yqaCTHe
HAaHa 3aBHCHT OT Ba2HOrO BHYTPeHHerO
Ka2KAbiH
B OnePaTHBHOM
OTAeA,
noApa3AeAeHHC
nAaHHPOBaHHH.
HAH
BCHI
XOTH CTpYKTyPa
npogecca
KoMnaHHH npoMecca
B
-
gnHAa pa6oTbl,
UeAOM,
npHHHMalOT
nAaHHPOBaHHJl
npeAnoAaraeT, MTO BTOT npoUecc HOCHT AHHeHHbliH xapaKTep, Ha caMoM AeAe ero Mo2HHo onHcaTb KaK HTepaTHBHbIH, C MHOrO'IHCAeHHbIMH BoS3BpaleHHRMH, nOBTOpeHHS1MH onepagHHH, nepeCMOTpom pemleHHH H T.A. (CM. BCTaBKy 2.3).
IHsHmeCKHMmH AHUaMH.
tpOpMe
[IPH TaKOH
CO
nAaHHpoBaHHe
ocyIecTBASeTcR
lpAMOyrOAbHHKa.
23
Ha KKa4oM YPOBHe,
npeACTaBAeHHOM
B
YKpemueHHe pyKoBo4cTBra o nloBhiImme Pasa BBoA'a "j3a
IepBaH
H
co6paHbi
BKOHOMHKH
npoaHaAH3HPoBaHbl
H
H PbIHKa C
TeM,
KoHKypeHToCnoCo6HOCTb
H
6yAyugee
onpeAeAHROUJHe
x IepemreHa
xaHHMrX H aHaAzua
HaqHHaeTCH c alHaAH3a
AaHHbie
AHarHo3a.
qyBcTaDTAbNocrHN
nOCTaHOBKH
BHyrpeHHemO
BbiAeAHTb
mTO6bi
qaxTopbl,
HAeHTHqHHaMHR
opraHHmagHH.
AOAFOCpOqHbIX H KpaTKOCPO4HbiX nIepCneKTHB nIOAyqeHHH llpH6blAH H HCTO'qHHKOB pHCKa B xoAe OCHOBY
o6ecne4HBaeT
aHaAH3a
nAaHa.
OnepaTHBHOrO
pa3pa6OTKH
AAR
npOBOAHTcM OTAeAOM nAaHHPOBaHHA 6aHKa HAH nopy'iaeTcfl aKcnepTaM.
o6blqHo
AHaAH.3
OH AOA2KeH BKAJoqaTm
CAeAyiolJHe o6AaCTH:
npaBoBbie, nOAHTH4eCKHe H COUHaAbHbie qaKTopbl;
*
BKoHoMHqeCKHe,
*
nepCneKTHBbi pocTa Ha cyUgeCTBYIOUgHx H fOTCHgHAbHbIX pblHKax;
*
nepcneKTHBbl KOHKypeHUHH Ha CyLeCTBylIMHX H nepcneKTHBHbIX pbIHKax; HHaHCOBbie nepcnCKTHBbl B OCHOBHbIX ceKTopax BKOHOMHKH H npoMblIAeHHoCTH;
*
CHAbHbIe H CAa6bie CTOpOHbl onepagHH 6aHKa.
*
cOpKyAHpOBICa HAH
CAHLUKOM
qaCTO,
xapaKTep
H
He
K co2KaAeHHIO,
ero
H3Ao2KeHHe CBepX3aAaqH HOCHT 'HCTO
TaKoe
HCTHH.
KpoMe o64esJH3BecTHbIx
HHqero,
OTpamaeT
yqpemAeHHR,
AeHTeAbHOCTH
geAH
OCHOBHOH
qopMyAHpoBaHHH
nAaHbI o6bImHO HaqHHaiOTCR C H3AO2KeHHR
OnepaTHBHbIe
cBepxBaAaqU.
20
cBepx3aAaqH".
qIopMaAbHblH
HIPH aToM ynycKaeTcH
BO3M02IHOCTb HCnOAb3OBaHHH aTOrO MoMeHTa AA.1 COBMeCTHOrO onpeAeAeHHH PYKOBOACTBOM H COTpyAHHKaMH
eAeCH 6aHKoBcKoro yqpe2KAeHHH.
xapaKTepa H
6aHKaMH,
Ba2KHa Ami ynpaBAeHHH
CBOH
AHBePCHPHUHPY1OIMHMH
TOAbKO
BCTynaiOHgHMH
BbIXOAHJIHMH
onepagHH,
TaKHe KaK npeAoCTaBAeHHe BeHMypHoro KanHTaAa,
npeAocTaBAeHHe AOAroCpO HbIX 3aHMoB, KopnopaTHBHbie Ha nepBH IHOM
pbIHKe,
nepeCTpOlKa
B HOBbIe
oco6eHHo
BO3MO2KHOCTb o6AaCTH
Ha HeTpaAHUHOHHbie
HHBeCTHPOBaHHe
t
t
Taiasi
AeHTeAbHOCTH,
qopMbi
co6cTBeHHoro
KanHTaAa,
pHHaHcbi, pa3meqjeHHe EeHHbIx 6yMar ToproBAH H T.A. BaHKH,
KopnopagHHt, (HHaHcHpoBaHHe
noWBeprumecm nepecTpoiKe, AoA2KHbI CKOHUeHTPHPOBaTbCR Ha cBoeH 6yAyu4 eA POAH H
4aAA
6aHKoB
B pa3BHBaiojHxcH
OnHcaHHe CyU4eCTByioHgeH inpaBHTeAbCTBeHHOH KOTOpaH 3aTparHBaeT
6aHr
H KaK 6aHK
AOA2KeH qeTKO 3aAaBaTb orpaHHqeHHR
pbIHKax,
(HHaHCOBbIX
MeAH.
nAaH AOA2KeH COAep2KaTb xpaTKOe
aKOHOMHqeCKOH
o0eHHBaeT
yCAyr,
H
(pmamomfi
[nOAHTHKN,
CBOK) pOAb Ha (PHHaHcoBoM pbIHKe. IAaH
Ha KpeAHTOBaHHe H 3aHMCTBOBaHHX, paBHO KaK H npaBO
6aHKa Ha npOBeAeHHe onepagHH. OpKYAHpOBnEca aaAajq KopnopauHH. BCAeA 3a qOpMyAHpOBaHHeM cBepx3aAaqH KOMnaHHH o6blqHO
Bbipa6aTbIBaeTCH
PYKOBOAHI11HX yKa3aHHH,
q)OpMyAHpOBKa
KOHKpeTHbIX
3aAaq KOMnaHHH,
pa3pa6oTKa
CepHH
AHpeKTHB OT PYKOBOACTBa KOMnIaHHH BHH3 Ha BCe ypOBHH cAyme6HoA
HepapXHH B opraHH3agHH.
20 Taxoii (CHAbHbie
anaAms HHorAa
HasbrsaloT aHaAHsoM CBOT (no HaqaAbHbiM 6yKBam aHrAHHCKHX CAOB strengtis (BOSMO2KHOCTM) H "threats"(yrposbb).
CTopoHbi), "weaknesses (cAa6ocTH), "opportunities"
24
BcTaDiCa 2.3 MoAeAb CHCTellka IlaaHUpOBRaHE
IAa8HPOaBaHH H 6io4A2eT8POBaHH2
6iomeTHpOBaenn
KOpUOpaTHBHaI KHCCEH
UeAeBble Pe3YAbTaTbl
HOCTaHT - --
4
eAoBoi ,oIyc
BbihlOAHHTb AeAOBble 3aaH 3
AHaAH.3 cpeb
qp4)eKT4BH40
paCnpe~~i
pCYPCbi IAARBbIrHoAH-eHHR AeAOBOA H
BHyTpeHHHe
cpHHaHcOBblii
OljCHKH
BbrIHoAHeHi zaax
I
4CoDH
MdnipaagiT
H~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~FpeoAoAeBa
KopnopaTHBHasI
T3AOTH/ HicrioAb3oBaTb BO3MOMiilOCTH
Co-3AaB3aT rIocToSIHHoe KH(~HTHoe nIpeHmyIIJecTBo
flHPHUHnbI
BojAmeTbI
CBOAKa H CBepK7a
OTCAe2mHBaHHe
6ioAmeTa
oTAeAOB
6IoAMeTOB
H o6HoBAeHHe
OTAeKHBaHHS1, H3MPHRH
oeK
e3A
YicpenJuemme pYwOBOaCT7ra
3aAaqH OXBaTbiBalOT
CqiopMyAHpoBaHHble
H TeM CaMbIM o6ecneqHBaioT
BCio KopnopaILHio
co3AaBaU OCHOBy AAR npHHRTHH pellleHHH, B paMKaX KOTOpbiX ocy%eCT-
o6uMHe HanpaBAeHHH, onepaTHBHoe
BASeTCSI
Kr HepeMeHam
lORmIN5 YBCTBeAHOC7N
o
B
nAaHHpOBaHHe.
3aAaqH, OnIpeAeARHOTC.I OCHOBHbie pblHKH
6aHKa,
(PHHaHcoBble
o6u He
oTpa2a2i(oTcS
(,OpMyAHpOBKe
6yAeT
yKa3biBalOTcA onepaUHH, KOTOpbie 6aHK
BeCTH Ha BTHX pbIHKax.
(KoHKpeTHbie
TOMHOCTH HX BbIlnOAHeHHH.R
CTeneHb
H YCTaHaBAHBaTb
nOKa3aTeAH
CAeAyLoJ14He
coAepm2aTb no KpaHHeH Mepe
qHHaHcoBbie 3aAaH Ha AaHHblH rOA AOA2KHbl
KopnopaTHBHble
UH(ppbl B Ta6AHUe AaHbl TOAbKO KaK npHMepbl): r lpHpOCT npH6bIAH
- 10%
*
AoXOA Ha aKTHBbl
- 1%
*
AOXOA Ha Co6CTBeHHblH KanHTaA
- 15%
*
IPHPOCT OCHOBHblX AenO3HTOB
*
_ 15%21
IIPHPOCT aKTHBOB
- 4%
FPHpOCT AOXOAOB OT KOMHCCHOHHbIX ycAyr
-
HeKOTOpbIH
HaMe-AeHHaf Ha Bb1nOAHeHHe BTHX 3aAa9, MO?KeT OTpaKaTm
cTpaTerHR,
HHCTHTyUHOHaAbHaR
paciuHpeHHe AOAH TOprOBbiX
qpHHaHCHpOBaHHe,
noTpe6HTeAbCKOe
KpeAHTHOH
Me2KAyHapoAHoH
C
BHHMaHHH
nepeHoc
npeAnpHaTHHM, COBepiueHCTBOBaHHe
CCyA MaAbIM H CpeAHHM
15 0% AeHTeAbHOCTH
q)HHaHCOB,
Ha
npe4OCTaBAeHHe
nOBbIlHeHHe
xawecTBa aKTHBOB,
BHHMaHHH K KaMeCTay yCAyr, paCllHpeHHe fAaTHbIX ycAyr, HOBbIe BHAbI 4pHHaHCOBbIX yCAyr H qpHHaHCOBOH npoAyKIHH.
TaKHx
KaK
KanHTaAa
PbJIHu
npeAoCTepe2KeHHa.
CLLIA
CTpeMHTCx
pHHaHCOBblX
Tome
HaqHHalOT
CTpaHaX
Ha pbIHKe.
CBOIO
H3MeprTb
c CHAbHOH KOHKypeHUHeCH,
yqaCTHHKOB
Ha
AaBAeHHe
OKa3aTb
KpHTrepHRM ycneUIHOCTH
COOTBeTCTBOBaTb (HHaHCOBbIM PbIHKaX
B npOMblUIAeHHbXX
CpeACTB,
aKTHBbl
Ha
H
co6CTBeHHbIfi
Ha
n1peACTaBARIOT
H T.A.
OCAa6AeHHe TaKoro
Ha rAe
ny6AHKamHax,
paBHOBeCHe
nOAAep2IHBaTb noKa3aTeAefi
H
HX Heo6xoAHMo
4AM
6aHKoB,
Me2KAY
AOArocpoqHofi
TaK
KaK
2Ke
CTpeMAeHHeM
AOCTH4b
MH3Hecnoco6HOCTb1O
21 AeHemHble CpeAcTca 6aHKa pOpmHpyiaTc CneTaMH, C6&peraTeAbHbxMH cqeTaMH H CpOIHbIMU
Bcero
AAR
HanpHMep,
B
3
qxpeKT
MHoroIHCAeHHb[X
2KH3Hecnoco6HOCTH
BHHMaHHeM H
-
He2KeAaTeAbHbiM.
OCBseiaAcC
AOArocpoiHoi
H3AHUIHHM
BbI3BaHHan
6aHKa,
KpaiiHe
noApo6HO
yrpo3a
noARepKHBaeTcH
pe3yAbTaTaM.
IBAReTCR
-
CLIUA
npOMblIwlAeHHOCTb
HCTO4HHKOB
ITOnbITKH AOCTHqb BbICOKHX noKaBaTeAefi B cambie
pHCKa
AOnYCTHMoro
KoHKypeHTHOcnoco6HOCTH (pHHaHCOBbIM
HO
npeHe6peraA OCHOBHbIMH npHHUHnaMH 6aHKoBCKHx onepagHHi
KpHTepHeB
AaBAeHHR
pocTa npH6bLAH,
o6ecnemeHHe
yAo6Hblfi HHCTpyMeHT y11paBAeHHH,
co6oil
HcnOAb3oBaTb H36HpaTeAbHo H OCTOpOmHO. KOpOTKHe CpOKH,
KanHTaA,
HX
aHaAH3
HcnOAb3yH
AefTeAbHOCTb,
BHyTpeHHHe
BbiHy2tAaA
pbIHKa,
BIaHKH B pa3BHBaiojgHxCR
KpaTKOCPOsHbIX qHHaHCOBbIX nOKa3aTeAeH. CZ)HHaHCOBbie 3aAaq]H o6ecne'eHHR nPH6blAH
CnegHaAbHOrO
3aCAy2KHBaKOT
6aHKa
AemTeAbHOCTH
(PHHaHCOBOH
HloKa3aTeAH
K
KpaTKOCpOMHb1M Ba2KHO
npOMbiIuAeHHOCTH,
3ariAaHHpOBaHHbIX yipe2KAeHHH.
H
qHHaHCOBbIX
CaMa
no
ce6e
HS pasHbIX HcToaiHKoB H o6briHO ripeACTaBAeHbi TeKxyHMN BKAAaMH.
26
FIbairnpoawe
AOArOCPOsHaHA
3aAaqei
HHaHCOBsa
6aHKa.
2rH3Hecnoco6HOCTb
upomecc:
napaAeAbHWbIi OTpamKeHHaH
B cBepx3aAa4e
Ha
pa3AHqHbIX
OCHOBe
cTpaTerH'eCKHx nAaHHPOBaHHH BamHbIX
H
nAaHOB.
cepbe3HbIx
B
nepcneKTHBe
HAaHbl HHorAa
B
HHX
HAH
'IeTKO
nAaHHPOBaHHH
flAaHbI
Mepbl,
BcerO
MTo6bi
nOCTaBAeHHoH
6oAee
sacTo
6aHKa,
"OpMyAHpyIoTCH
pa3pa6aTbxIaeMbix
e2KerOAHOrO OTBeToM
OnlepaTHBHOrO
Ha Heo6xoAHMocTb
Ha
H3MeHeHHe
rio
OTHOuieHHIO K 6aHKy, cpeAbi.
pbIHKa,
B
nOCTOHHHbIX
yqpe2KAeHHH
-IaCTb H3 HHX
riepcneKTHBHbie
TeKyqEeH
HAH
HSMeHeHHHX
CXIHTaeT,
sTO
Ha
npogecc
ecTeCTBeHHbJM
pa3pa6aTbiBaeT
H nOCTORHHO
nAaHbI.
pa3pa6aTbIBalOTCH
OTAeAbHO
o6ecneqHTb
Mem2AY HHMH.
CBH3b
OT
KpaTKOCpOiHbiX
B
nOAxOA.
paAHKaAbHbIH
CTpaTerHH
AOA2KeH HBAHTbcH o6biqHbIM,
6aHKa.
AHllUb aKCTpanOARgHeH
3aAo2KeH
OT
HBAHIOTCH
pa3BHTHA BHeUIHeH,
npaKTHKH
n.aHa.
cnef5HaAbHO
peaKUHeH
(PHHaHCOBbIX
ynpaBAeHMecKoH
HBAHIOTCH
maCTO
MeAbliHiPA
/AOArocpOsHoro/
npHHHTb
He3aBHCHMO
HCyCTOWiHBOCTH
cTpaTerHseCKHe
Heo6xoAHMo
MHoropa3OBbIX
6aHKa
6aHKe
o6HoBAwueT nfiTH- H Aa2Ke AecHTHAeTHHe
KorAa
blTb
KaK KOpnOpagHH,
rOBbilueHHOH
pbIHKax,
cTpaTerHsiecKOro
HAH
CTpaTerHH
nepeMeH
cyugeCTByiOlIeH
KoMnoHeHToM
6
H AOA2mHa
AoArocpoIHoro
H 3aAa9iax 6aHKa
HpOBOAHMbie
HCCAeAOBaHHH
(PHHaHCOBbIX
Paspa6oTKa
6aHKa
OAHOpa3OBbIX
AoAroCpOnHOfi OpHeHTaUHH, HpH
MomeT
22
OnlepaTHBHbIX HHorAa
HAH TeKYUHHX
Aio6om CAy9ae,
nAaHOB,
AOArocpO'iHbie
onepaiHHs, a
B HeM AOAmHbJ
COAep2IaTbCH CAeAYIOIHe KOMnOHeHTbi:
*
CqOpMyAHpoBaHHaH CBepx3aAama;
*
3
*
XapaKTepHbue oco6eHHocTH PbIHKa - npeAnoAaraeMbze TeHAeHUHH pa3BHTHX CerMeHTOB
acJHKCHpOBaHHbie AOAroCpO'IHbie (pHHaHCOBbie 3aAa'IH;
cTpaTerHmecKoro TeHAeHUHH;
pbIHKa;
tpaKTOpbI,
npo6AeMbi,
KOTOPbIC
cBM3aHHbie
C
moryT
OKa3biBaTb
3aKOHOAaTeAbCTBOM
BAHSIHHe H
Ha
BTH
peryAHpoBaHHeM
6aHKOBCKOrO AeAa; *
KOHKypeHTHa5i
cHAa
6aHKa
Ha
Ka2KAOM
pbIHKe
-
AOAH
pbIHKa,
KaseCTBO
YCAyr
H
OTHOCHTeAbHbie 3aTpaTbi; *
OnacHOCTH H BO3MO2KHOCTH Ha Ka2KOM pbIHKe - HCXO4H H3 XapaKTepHCTHKH
BHeCHeiH
cpeAbI H OTHOCHTeAbHOH KOHKYpCHTHOH CHAbN; *
CDaKTOpbi,
onpeAeAHioU4He
pa3BeTBAeHHOCTb
CeTH,
ycnex
Ha
Kpe4HTHbie
Ka2tAOM
pbIHKe
B03MO2IHOCTH,
-
KaqeCTBO
HHHOBagHOHHOCTb,
yCAyr, HaBbIKH,
Heo6xOAHMbie AAA pa6OTbI Ha PbIHKe H T.A. 0
Pasa jINHHTLw
peiremiii
PetueHH3i no nAaHHPOBaHHIO
OCHOBe
CTPaTerHXeCKHx
22 OnmcaHHe 6aHKa B nIoroHe
npHMepOB
MOryT npHHHMaTbCR
AHpeKTHB
KOpnopa!HH,
Toro, KaK 6aHKoBcKoe
Ha YPOBHe noApa3AeAeHHR
KoTopbie
pyKoBoAcTUo
3a npH6bLbio H pacnAaiHBaRCb KaqeCTBOM
nocTynaloT
riOApblBaeT
nOpT3
(qpHAHaAa)23 Ha
cBepxy.
Ha
nepBoA
()HHaHcoByio 2HsUHecrioco6HocTh
KpeAHTOB M02KUO HaHTH y Ae XyaHa
(1987). 23
B
HeKOTOpbiX
KOTOpbIe 3aHHMaiOTCJ
cTpaHax
OTAeAeHHH
H o6CAy2KHBaHHeM
6aHKOB
lpeACTaBmilOT
co6o0
'iaCTHbIx AHU H KOpnOpaUHiH,
Onlepa8iMH, H Aa2Ke BbinOAHAIOT HeKoTopble 4)yHKUHH Ka3HameHCTBa.
27
KpyllHbie 3aHHMaiOTCR
B ApyrHx
H
BamHbie
OCHOBHbiMH
opraraLx, 6aHKOBCKHMH
cTpasax OTAeAewm saHmAITA
8H CT3RrTeAbHOCTN K IIepeMeHaM
Yrpen'Aern'e pyx@OROXCTBa N 11BbrlOeOMIN
3SbIK KOHKPeTHbIX 3aAas nOApa3AeAeHHq H pa3pa6aTbiBaeT CBOH co6cTBeHHbie
Kopnopa!HH Ha
KOHKpeTH3HPYH
cTpaTerHH,
geAH
nepeBOAHT
/noApa3AeAeHHe/
OTAeA
peluleHHH
npHHHSTHR
cnoco6a
TaKOrO
CTaAHH
oTO6bi AOCTHqb
HX BO BpeMeHH H B SaAaHH.X,
MeAeH,
cToHujHx
YPOBHHX
AOA2KHbI
nepeA KoMnaHHeH.
YCTaHOBHTb CBOH co6CTBeHHbIe COOTBeTCTBYIOU He noKaSaTeAH pHAa
AOA2KHbI 6blTb KOHKpeTHbIMH,
no
y6bITKH
pacxOAbl,
BblpyqKa,
KpeAHTOB,
MeAoro
AOxOA,
o6zbeM
KaK
TaKHX
T.A.
H
KpeAHTaM
pesyAbTaTbi
HlAaHHpyeMbie
KOAHseCTBeHHbix noKa3aTeAxx,
B onpeAeAeHHb[X
Bbipa2KeHHbIMH
B pa6oTe c nOMOIjbIO
nOKa3aTeAeH,
KpHTH'ieCKHX
KOHKpeTHb[X
COrAaCOBaHHbIX
pa3HbIX
Ha
PYKOBOAHTeAH
pa6oTbl.
peByAbTaTOB
nAaHNpoBaHHe
BO BpeMeHH, KaK B npeAAaraemoM HH2Ke npHMepe: 3
aYaaa: CoKpaTHTb y6bITKH no KpeAHTaM.
A
rocyAaPCTBeHHOH CTaAeAHTeHHOH
C 20% OT
KoAHNecmBo:
nocTynaioIHX
nAaTemeH,
KOAHieCTBO
HMeHHO: COKpaTHTb
9aCTHbIX
KoMnaHHH H OT
HapyiIIeHHSIMH
C
OT
KOMnaHHH X, Y, Z.
CYMMbI BbiAaHHbIX KpeAHTOB Ao
8%.
CpoK: B Te9eHHe nAaHOsoro roAa. (pOpMyAHpOBaHHH CTPaTerHH Ha4HHaeTcq npoUecc 60pb6bl 3a AOCTHmeHHe
CTpaTerHR. C
pecypCOB,
HX
AeHCTBHH.
K
npeAnoAaraeT
CTpaTerHH
Pa3BHTHe
pe3yAbTaTOB.
npHMeHeHHH
HcnoAb3oBaHHH, nOCAeAHHM
MOryT
npHHqTHe
AAR
Ha
BbIXOA
OTHOCHTbCHI:
rAe Mbl HaxOAHMCS
*
yKa3blBaTb,
*
o6ecneqHBaTb
corAacoBaHHOCTb
KOHKpCTHbIX
C
H
H
HOBOU
KaK TyAa nonaCTb;
OT
nocTynaioJ1HMH
AHpeKTHBaMH,
(pyHKUHH
AoAmHa:
rAe Mbl XOTHM HaXOAHTbcM
,
npHo6peTeHHH
pa3BwTHe
pbIHKH,
HOBbIC
MapKeTHHr HOBOU npOAYKIHH H YCAyr. CTpaTerHi
npOAyKUHH,
O
pemeHHH
BbInOAHCHHSI
PYKOBOACTBa
6aHKa; *
BO BHHMaHHe npenHTCTBHH H BO3MO2KHOCTH
npHHHMaTb
acneKT
LeHTpaAbHbxn
pa3AeAeHHe (paKTOpOB,
pblHKOB:
CTpaTerHH
POPMYAHPOBMHHA
KOTOpbIX
yCAyr, KOPnOpaTHBHbie IMIHPOKHe 24
pbIHKa .
6aHKH,
pa6OTaIoT
pbIHKH
Ha
TpaAHUHOHHo
y3Ko cnegH(PHseCKHe npOBOAHTb
npHOpHTeTHbIX
onpeAeAeHHe
OnHCaHHe Heo6xoAHMblx
'IeAOBeCseCKHX PCCYPCOB H TeXHOAorHH. noApa3AeAHloTCH
pbIHKH H Me2KAyHapoAHbie.
CerMeHTagH!o MO0HO
BTO
BeAyl_qHX K ycnexy Ha BTHX pbIHKaX,
AmI ycnexa Ha BTHX pbIHKaX npOAyKUHH, ycAyr, Ha
-
Ha nyTH.
Ha
pblHKH
PbIHKU,
HHAHBHAYaAbHbIX
I3 aHKH Bce saixe CTpeMRTcH noApa3AeAsITb
rpynnbl.
9
TOT
Ha3biBaeTC2
MeTOA
cerMeHTaLUHf
pa3AHMHb1MH nIyTRMH. BOT, HanpHMep,
HeKOTOpble
cerMeHTbl KOpnopaTHBHOro H Po3HH-iHoro pbIHKOB:
WITH HCKAIO'HTeAbHO
pO3HHqHbiM
6aHKOHCKHM
IlpoUeCC
AeAoM.
nIaHHpOBaHHJ
HCXOAHT
6aHK H Ha KaKOM KOHKpeTHO ypoBHe CAO2KHOCTH OCyleCTBAReTCR npogecc q)HHaHCOHOBO InOBbiUieHHS BHHMaHHR
CAO0KHOCTH flAaHHpOBaHH1O
H ypoBHA
6aHKOBCKOA
lIpOHHKHOBeHHB
6aHKH
pa6oTmi,
H pa3pa6OToK
KaKOH
ylpaBAeHHR. [Io
3TO
Mepe
yAeAeHHi
6oAbtuem
He CR3aHHbiX Me2Ay C06oH
CerMmeTOB
BbipaOKT
OTAeAbHbIX,
H3 TOrO,
TeHAeHUHio
pbIHKa, TaKHX KaK o6CAymHBatHe cH3HmCecHX AMU H o6CAymHBaHHe KOpUopaB4HH, C BbIXOAOM B AaAbHeHimeM Ha
noA-CerMeHTbI
3THX pblHKOB,
24 CM. HeHHOH
a
He Ha pa3BHTHH UIHpOKHX M8AOCAIeUHaAH3HpOBamHbiX OTAeAeHHN.
1986.
28
LaHR ,KopmopaTNwBmrFi o6beM npoAa2m
6oraTmie
reorpaq3HtiecKoe MeCTOHaXomAeHHe
CTYAeHThl
OTpaCAb nrpOMbIllAeHHOCTH
npOq3eCCHOHaAbl
'HCAO CAy2maIHx
cTapLUHe rpamAaHe
CTpaTerHH
PODHMg'Hrii
q)OpMyAHpyeTC.R
o6ujyio
cTpaTerHH oTpamaeT
Ha
pa3AHMHbIX
aCTHbile AHLa
ypOBHHX
nOAO2KeHHH 6aHKa,
o0eHKy
onepagHH,
npH6blAbHocTH
pomaHOe
KOTOpbIe
emeroAHo
opraHH3agHH.
KOpnOpaTHBHaM
ero OncpaTHBHbIX 3aAa'i, AOA2mHbl
HOpMaTHBOB
BbIrOAHRTbCH.
CTpaTerHHl
nOApa3AeAeHHH oTpa2iaeT KOHUeHTpagHio 6aHKa Ha KOHKpeTHbIX PbIHKax (<AH OTAeAOB BbIAalH KpeAHTOB
HAH
rIepcoHaAe,
npHeMa
OTpa2aTb CAeAYIOJI4He
Kpyr
BKAaAOB),
pacnpeAeAeHHe
BHAOB
IllCTb KaTeropHH
CTpaTerHH
PHCKOBbIl
*
o6g3aTeAbCTBa;
*
AOXOAbl OT KOMHCCHOHHbIX H nAaTHbIX ycAyr;
*
ypOBHH
B
AOA2KHbI
aKTHBbI;
KOHTpOAb;
*
nepcoHaA (IUTaTbi).
B
CaMoM npogecce rLAaHHPOBaHHH
onpeAeAeHHbie
PYKOBOACTBOM
pyKOBOAHTeAH
KopnopaUHH,
a
PemeHH.9
B OTHOwlleHHH CTpaTerHH,
nOAHOM Ha6ope
Ha
nAaHOB MeponpHRTHH
noAaraIoTcH
BbIBOAbI,
rIOAO2IeHHH
Bcex AaHHbIX o6 HCXOAHbIX YCAOBH.X.
nepeBoArTcH B nAaHbi noApa3AeAeHHH
tasa
noApa3AeAeHHH
TaK2Ke
co6cTaeHHoro aHaAH3a reorpacpH'lecKoro nOAO2KeHH.l,
Ha
cAeAaHHbIe
3aAasH, H3
HX
B CeKTope, o6igero COCTOHHHH
H 6IoA2CeToB OCHOBbXBaIOTCq
KopnopaTHBHbie
3aAaHH
Ha
TeM CaMbiM
(H Hao6opoT) B XOAC HTepaTHBHoro npogecca.
4o,WyrMeHTHrOMasHrH
(D)a3a AOKyMeHTHPOBaHHH H
Aio6oro
HOTpe6HOCTH
IpOH3BOAHTeAbHOCTb;
*
AeA.
OCHOBHbie
ynpaBAeHHH:
*
(AOXOAHble)
npoAyKToB,
6aHKoBcKHx
AesTeAbHOCTH.
6ioAmeTOB
B
BKAiosaeT ocpopMAeHHe CTpaTerHH,
InHCbMeHHOH
qxopMe.
nOCAeAOBaTeAbHOCTb
OqpOPMACHHH
(KaK
TaK
onepaTHBHblH,
YPOBHe noApa3AeAeHHH,
o6 aTHX AoKyMeHTax,
H
no
HpH
aTOM
onepaTHBHbIX
KanHTaAy)
H
ocTaAbHaS
co6AIoAaeTCq
riAaHOB:
nOAHblH
TaK H Ha YPOBHe Bcero
MepOnpHHTHH
CAeAyio0IaH
CTpaTerHH,
6aAaHc
rioApa3AeAeHHH AorHqecKaSi
rlAaH AeHCTBHH,
H (IHHaHCoBbIH
6ioAmeTbl
OTMeT
KaK
Ha
HHmKe npHBOASTcR KpaTKHe CBeAeHHH
6aHKa.
'iacTb rAaBbl OnHCbIBaeT
q3OpMaT,
coAepmaHHe
H HCKOTOpbie
6
nooApo HocTH, KacaIOlWHecq pa3pa6OTKH nAaHa. *
CTpaTerH5,
HCXOAHIgaHR
H3
BKOHOMH%ieCKHX
COOTBeTCTBHe Me2mAy PbIHKOM H OCHOBHbIMH Ha
Bonpoc:
rAe
Mbl
HaxOAHMCR?
rAe
H
nOAHTH'eCKHX
yCAOBHH,
HHHUHaTHBaMH MapKeTHHra.
Mbi
XOTHM
6blTb?
H
KaK
MbI
oTpa2KaeT
OHa oTBe'IaeT
TyAa
MomeM
nonaCTb? *
HIAaH HX
MepOnpHqTHH pa3BepTbIBaeT
pe3yAbTaTOB.
oTBeTcTBeHHblH
3a
STO.
CTpaTerHIO B cepHlO geAeHanpaBAeHHbIX AeHCTBHH H
onpeAeARioT,
HAaHbi
B
nAaHax
9TO
TaKme
29
AOA2KHO
oTpamaeTcH
6blTb
cAeAaHo,
2neAaeMbiH
KorAa
Pe-yAbTaT
H
KTO
H ero
YmpellAewi'e pyKOBOsxCroa N IORbhureHJNq yz3CTHNTeAbHOCTN K HepeMeHaM
Ha
BAHRHHe
HHHUHaTHBbI.
OCHOBHble CTPaTerHqecKHe
*
OTpam2aTb
AOA2KHbl
MeponpHHTHH
HAaHbI
6aHKa.
npH6bIAb
-IHCTyio
BioAmeT npeBpaujaeT nAaH B AoArocpo'Hylo nporpaMMy KanurTaAbHbIX 3aTpaT, CyMMbi 6
qTo6bl
nOHeCTH,
HeO XOAHMO
KOTOpbIe
paCXOAOB,
rOAOBbIX
H
AOXOOB
rOAOBbIX
nOAyYHTb AOXOAbI.
KOTOpbie npeACTOHT nOHeCTH
amopTH3HPyembie 3aTpaTbI Ha 3AaHHe H o6opyAoBaHHe,
roAy H HX BAHJHHe
B CAeAy1OlgeM
OCHOBHble
onpeAeARSeT
6ioAmeT
KanHTaAbHbli
MepOnpHHTHH.
rlAaHbI
BKAiOYeHHbIX B
HBAHIOTCH pC3yAbTaTaMH AeiCTBHu,
FlpoeKTbi B OTHOIueHHH KanHTaAa
-
B TeYeHHe nocAeAyiou4Hx
Ha YpOBeHb npH6blAH
n[rTH AeT. - OnepaTHBHblH 6ioAmeT OXBaTbIBaeT nocTyialouoHe AOXOAbI H 3aTpaTbl, CBH3aHHble C H onepaUHHi. OnepaTHBHbie 6ioA&eTbl AOA2KHbl OCHOBbIBaTbCJ1
nAaHOM MepOnpUHTHUi
Ha 3amaYax 6aHKa, OTpa2KeHHbIX B nAaHax MeponpIHTHH r[OApa3AeAeHHi. *
Ha
BaAaHCOBbiH H UpHHaHCOBblH OT'leTbl OTpa2KajoT (3HHaHCOBOe COCTOSHHe y'pe2KAeHHa
6
MO2eT
OHH COCTaBASIOTCR
MOMeHT BpeMeHH.
OnpeAeAeHHbii
blTb nOAy4eHa npH6blAb H A.A
Ma3a o6sopa RbiHoAHeHIwM
Bcex noApa3AeAeHHii,
AAH
rAe
6aHKa B MeAOM.
HAaHa
OmeHKa Ka2KAoH CTPOKH OnepaTHBHOrO nAaHa npOHCXOAHT Ha pa3Hb1X YpOBHRX 6aHKoBcKoi lyHHKTa Ha ypoBHe PYKOBOACTBa OTAeAOB H OpraHH3aWHH, H AOXOAHT AO KyAbMHHaUHOHHOrO
6aHKa.
3
TOAbKO
YITO HCTeCKIueM
TH ogeHKH nAaHa 13OSBOAHIOT KOHUeHTpHpOBaTb BHHMaHHe Ha noKa3aTeAHx pa6OTbl B
CTpaTerHfi
roAy, Ha AOArOCpO'1HbIX 3aAaYax POCTa H CTpaTerHsx,
6aHKOBCKoro
npeAnpHHRTb
(HpHAo2eHHe
A
AaeT cnHCOK Bcex BAeMeHTOB
pe3yAbTaTbl
AOXOAb1,
npOaHaAH3HpOBaTb
H
H
HaMepeHHa jeAeH.
nOCTaBAeHHbIX
40 HTbCA
H
AeHCTBHH
pabl o63opa BbIlIOAHeHHH nlAaHa.)
nAaHa npeAOCTaBAReT BO3MO2KHOCTb
nAaHa. AHaAHs BbilnOAHeHHii
BbInOAHelHm
AHaAH3
onpeAeAeHHbIe
6
HHTerpaLIHH
Ha AoxoAax
Taxume
a
nAaH OTpamaeT o6s3aTeAbcTBa,
npH6blAH 6aHKa. IOCAe qpopMaAbHoro oAo6peHHA OpraHH3aUHH
KOMnaHHH,
KaK
6aHKa
H 3aAaq
6H3Heca
Ha
yCneLHHOCTb
6aHKOBCKHX
BbinOAHeHHH
nAaHOB.
TaRasl OgeHKa AOA2KHa npOHCXOAHTb no KpaiHeH mepe e2meHBapTaAbHO, Ho AyYIe, eCAH OHa npaBAerHH o6ecneYieHHe HBAReTCR OgeHKH TaKoii UeAbIO emeMecsNHO. npOHCXOAHT O
HH(popMagHeii co6btTHMM,
BaNKHefluHX
KOTOpbie
O2KHAaeMOH
B
CBOH
AAA
Bcero
noBAHRTb
Ha
YCHAH11
TaKoiU
OieCHK
H
npH6blAH
nAaHOB
o HOBHTb AaHHbie
MepOnpHRTHH
B
K
BHHMaHHH
6
TeM
o6
PyKOBOAHTeAeii
AHHeHHbIX
o6,beMoM
AoKyMeHT
ero
6aHKa,
CTHMYAHpOBaTb
BblnOAHeHHH
rOTOBHTb
npHBAeMeHHe
pa6oTbl,
Ha YPOBeHb
npH6blAH
roAy
TeCKy1eM
CKOHNeHTpHpOBaTb
Ay'uie
MoryT
pe3yAbTaTax
H peiueCHHH
1 CTpaHHUy,
3aAa'1.
KOTOpaH
AOCTaTO'qHO nOAHO MorAa 6bl OTTpa2aTb H3MeHeHiHl H AOCTH2KeHHH Ha AaHHbiH MoMeHT H
oT6bw
OHa He OTHHMaAa MHOrO BpeMeHH y nepcOHaAa Ha nOArOTOBKy.
PeryAApHoe (pOpMaAbHOe o6cy2AeHHe pe3yAbTaTOB pa6oTbl AOA2HO nPOXOAHTb Ha Bcex yPOBHRx 6aHKa B xoAe cnegHaAbHbIX coBeu.aHHH. Ha BTHX coBeujaeHHx AoA2KHbi o6cymAaTbca AeHCTBHTeAbHbie
noXasaTeASRM.
pe3yAbTaTbl,
TaM,
rAe HMeloT
AOCTHrHyTbie
6aHKoM,
H
HX
MeCTO CpbeC3HbIC pacxO2KAeHHH,
30
OTHOuieHHUe
K
rAaHHpyeMb!M
AOA2KHbi 6blTb BbisBAeHbl H
fIamupomamNe
H
npH4HHbl
npOaHaAH3HPOBaHbI
HaMe'ieHbl
6blTb
AOAMHbI
o6CTOTeJAbCTBa,
KoppeKTHBHble
LAaHbl AeeHCTBHH.
ObPA3EU POPMbI H CO4EP1IAHHH nAAHA nAaHa
o6pa3eg
aTO
AeUeHTpaAH3OBaHHoro
Bce
KopnopaUHH.
qpOpMaT
OAHHaKOBbIH
KoMnoHeHTbI rIAaHa,
xoAe
InAaH
KaK
MO2IeT HcnOAb3oBaTbcI
npHMeHHTb OAHHaKOBbie OCHOBHbie noHHTHH. OcHoBHbIe
B
npoUecca
UeHTpaAH30BaHHoro
YCAOBHHX
HCnOAb3OBaTb
AOA2Hbl
nOApa3AeAeHHH
B
nAaHa
3eCb qJOpMaT
HCnOAb3yeMbliH
rIAaHHPOBaHHH
nAaHHpOBaHHH.
Cq)OpMyAHpoBaH
6bl
KOTopbli
noApa3AeAeHHH,
npoMecca
BCeH
nLAaHa
H
HcnOAb3yeMbie B
npHBOAHMOM o6pa3ile nAaHa, ripeAcTaBAHIOT MHHHMaAbHblH Kpyr oxBaTa BonpocOB, BXOAHSUJHX B OnepaTHBHbliH nAaH.
OCHORHbre icaTerOpHH IAama BOT IUeCTb OCHOBHbIX KOMnOHeHTOB nAaHa oTAeAa: *
OgeHKa COCTOHHHH AeA;
*
cTaTyc TeKYU,HX onepagHH;
*
KAio'leBbIe (HHaHCOBbie 3aAa'!H;
*
CTpaTerHH
*
Tpe6oBaHHS noAAepmKH noApa3AeAeHHH;
*
nAaH MepOnpHHTHH.
HHmKe
nOApa3AeAeHHH;
rnpHBOAHTCH
KpaTKOe
H3AomeHHe
OCHOBHbIX
MoMeHToB,
KOTOpbIe
AOAMHbi
6blTb
oxBa'IeHbl B KamAOM pa3AeAe nAaHa. AaAee CAeAyeT 6oAee pa3BepHyroe o6cymAeHHe pasAeAoB CTpaTerHH noApa3AeAeHHH, HCnOAb3yR UleCTb OCHOBHbIX ynpaBAeHqeCKHX KaTerOpHH: pHCKOBbIe aKTHBbl,
o6R3aTeAbCTBa,
AOXOAbl OT KOMHCCHOHHbIX H nAaTHbIX ycAyr, npOH3BOAHTeAbHOCTb,
KOHTpOAb H nepCOHaA. OueHfKa COCTORHHR AeA.
B
AaHHOM pa3AeAe uAaHa H3Aara)OTCR OCHOBHbJe aKOHOMHqeCKCHe
H q)HHaHCOBbIe nporHO3bI H OgeHKH, Ha OCHOBaHHH KOTOpbiX pa3pa6oTaH H 6yAeT AeeHCTBOBaTb nLAaH noApa3AeAeHH$:
Boew,mo
cpe4a.
3AeCb
npeAnOAOmHTeAbHO,
6
AHaAH3
H
OTHOiIIeHHe
K
onepaIHRM
KOTopble,
qpaKTOpbl,
COUHaAbHble
6aHKa
yAyT oKa3biBaTb BAHRHHe Ha onepa1HH 6aHKa B nAaHOBblH nepHoA. IlAaH
noApa3AeAeHHR AOA2KeH OTpa2aTb nOHCKH 6apbepoB.
HMelOugHe
nOAHTHqeCKHe
npaBOBble,
sKoHoMHqeCKHe,
OnHCaHbl
pbIHKOB
H
BO3MO2KHocTefH
KOHKlypeHHH
Aame B YCAOBHHX orpaHHqeHHH BamHyio
o6ecneIHBaeT
OCHOBy
H
pa3pa6OTKH
CTpaTerHH. PmHlwH. KAHeHTOB,
3
AeCb OnpeAeAeCHbi AeHCTBHTCAbHbie (HHaHCOBbie
H
COOTBeTCTBY1OUIHe
CerMeHTbi
pblHKa.
nIoTpe6HOCTH paaAH'iHbiX OCHOBHbie
OxapaKTepHsoBaHbI
rpynn rpynnbi
KAHeHTOB 6aHKa, HX cerOAHIWHHe H 6yAyujHe noTpe6HocTH B KOHKpLTHbIX BHAaX (jHHaHCOBblX H TeXHHqeICKHX
yCAyr,
o6ycAaBAHBaioujHe
KpeAHTHOrO pHCKa
KlaqeCTBO npeAOCTaBAReMbix
KOHTaKT KAHeHTa C KOHKpeTHblM UeAeBbIX pbIHKOB.
31
KOHKypeHTOM 6aHKoM.
3
yCAyr,
AeCb
a
Tax2e rIpH'HHbl,
me npHBOAHTCR
ogeHKa
YICpeC,UeAiHe P,pOJIOgCTBa H IOBMIIICHHNN EJ7CTBHTCAbHOCTH K JIepeCeMaN
B
KOEXypeCgNJ1.
aTOM pa3AeAe o6cy2KaioTcM
H cAa6ble
CHAbHbIe
OCHOBHblX
CTOpOHbl
KOHKypeHTOB Ha OnpeAeAeHHbIX pbIHKaX H HCTOnHHKH CHAbl H cAa6oCTH. HPHBOAHTCR OnHCaHHe roHopapam H YCAyra
BKAaAaM,
npaKTHKH no ccyAaM,
geHoBoH
HOBbie BHAbl
OnHCbiBaioTCH
npOAyKIaHH KOHKypCHTOB, BO3MO2mHoe HX paCI11HpeHHe H BblXOA Ha HOBbie pbIHKH. Craryc reTXyINx
B AaHHOM pasAeAe H3AaraercH
omepagmi.
npeAnpHHTHH. IHpoBoAHTcH aHaAH3 xapaKTepa onepaigHH, H yH3BHMOCTb.
AA.i
OTo6paHHbie
OgeHKH
pa6oTbl
HX CHAbHbie 'IepTbl, CAa6OCTb,
KpHTepHH AOA2IHbl
KOTOpb!e HMeKOT 3Ha'IHTeAbHOe BAHRHHe Ha o6luMe KOpnOpaTHBHbIC , YCAyrH KAHeHTaM,
KpeAHTHoro noPTc
cTaTyc
COBpeMeHHbIH BKAXotiaTb
3aAaqH 6aHxa:
nAaTHbIC ycAyrH
B oco6eHHocTH
pHCKH
qlaKTopbl, KaneCTBO
KOHcyAbTaTHBHOro
xapaKTepa HAH MepOnpHHTHH TexHH'ecKoH nOMOigH, BKAio'aa o6y'ieHHe, oUeHKa AOAH pbIHKa, HaBbIKH H 3HaHHH nepcOHaAa, rpOH3sBOAHTeAbHOCTb,
TaKTH4eCKHe aCneKTbI,
HMHAM KOMnaHHH,
xapaKTePHCTHKa H Cnoco6HOCTH ynpaBAeHiecKoro nepcOHaAa, BO3MOKHOCTb pa3pa6oTIH HOBbIX BHAOB npOAyKXHH. BaaN4a%r.
ImHaRcoBhie
OcmoBHIDIe OTAeAOB o6blqHO
Ha
nAaHHpOBaHHe
npaKTHKyIogHe
BaHKH,
npHMeHHIOT MeTOAHKy 6ioA2reTHpOBaHHH
UeHTPOB nPH6blAbHOCTH.
YPOBHe UeHTpbI
npH6bLAH o6brnHo cocTaBAHioT CBOH 6ioA2meTbl B cpOpMe 6aAaHca HAH OTqeTa o npH6blAH, KOMrIeTeHTHOCTH.
AcAoByIo aKTHBHOCTb B HX Cq)epe
3anAaHHPOBaHHYIO
oTpamaloT
KOTOpbie
KpoMe TOrO, OHH nOKa3blBalOT rnAaTy 3a yCAyrH, KOTOpbIMH OHH nIOAb3ylOTCH H 3a Te, KOTOpbIe OHH npeAocTaBA.IloT. 06biIHO, HexoTopbIe oTAeAbi - Herro nOAb3OBaTeAH CpeACTB (HanpHMep, OTAeA
KopnopaTHBHoro
qpHAHaAbHaH
BHyTpeHHero
KOTopaH
CeTb,
o6cymAaeTcR
-
6
B
nocBsHieHHOM OnpeACACHHIO
MeHbl
3
rAaBe
HcnoAb3ym
KoHgenUHH
CpeACTB
CTOHMOCTb
MexaHH3M
HAH AOXOAOB.
KpaHHeH CTaBKoH HAH CTaBKOH,
"YlpaBAeHHe
KpeAHTOB.
(HanpHMep,
noCTaBjHKH
KoHeUengH1
HAH Bb1AaBaTb cpeACTBa.
cBo OAHO 3aHHMaTb AeTaAbHO
HeTTO
HaCeAeHHH).
BKAaAbI
laCTO RBASIeTCH
CTaBKa AOBOAbHO
3AeCb
KOTOpOH 6aHK Mo2meT CTaBKH
Mo6HAH3yeT
HCKOTOpbie
6aHK rioAyiaeT peaAHCTH'Hylo
nepepac'ieTa,
HpHMeHSeMaSI
a
(PHHaHcHpoBaHHH),
KpeAHTHbIM
no
npeAeAbHOHi
PHCKOM,
B
pa3AeAe,
npH6blAH o6cymAaeTcH B
MeHTPOB
rAaBe 4 "CtHHaHCoBOe PYKOBOACTBO
XOTH
pHHaHCOBbie UeAH Ha
KOAH4eCTBeHHbie CTpOKqXax
noKa3aTeAH. BO BpeM.I
nAaHa nPOHCXOAHT
cFHHaHCOBbie
3aAaqlH
noApa3AeAeHHR. aKTHBbl
q)HHaHCOBbie
OTAeAOB
HanpHMep,
H AOXOAbI
OT
aTOH CTaAHH eige
H
YToqHeHHe BTHX
H
oTAeA
noKa3aTeAeHi
6loAmeTa.
COCTaBAeHHH
noApa3AeAeHHH
KpeAHTHbIH
rOHOPaPOB
AOCTaTo'lHO IIHpOKH,
pa3AHqaIoTCH
6yAeT
KOMHCCHOHHbIX,
a
HIo B
o6paWaTb HeKOTOpble
OHH
Bce
me HMeioT
AAR OTpameHHR
CBOHM
3aBHCHMOCTH BHHMaHHC cAym6bI
B
COCTaBAROu HM
Ha
OT
pOAH
pHCKOBbie
KaApoB 6yAyr
CTpeMHTbCA OTpa3HTb BKOHOMHIO 3aTpaT H rIOBbIIICHHe Ka'CCTBa H Bq)XPeKTHBHOCTH B pa6oTe. Ca)HHaHCObliH OTAeA AOA2eH q)OPMYAHPOBaTb saAaqH H UeAH ynpaBAeHHR HHBecTHUHOHHbiM H TOPFOBbIM
nopTcIeAeM,
YnpaEAeHHe
BaAIOTHb1MH
KOTOPbIM
OH ynpaBASeT
OnepaIlHRMH
AOAmHo
qpHHaHcoBoro OTAeAa 6aHKa.
32
3a cqeT 6aHKa H AAA (pHHaHCHpOBaHHR. 6blTb
HeoTbemMAeMoH
maCTbMO
qlyHKgHH
fLiairpoaavrxre
FIpeAnoAaraeTcsi,
qTo AaHHoe
qIHHaHCOBbIif OTqeTbi. oTAeAa.
noApa.3AeAeHHe
2.4
BCTaBKa
KOMMepqeCKoe,
npeAAaraeT BaM
HMeeT CBOHi
(POpMaT
nIpHMepHblfi
6aAaHcoBbHIi
H
3aAaq
()HHaHCOBbIX
2 5
Pa3AeAmb *
nAaHa caMooqeBHAHbl.
S3a.40AMeMHocb BO3BpaigeHa
-
o6njaR
OCHOBHaH
rpHBeACM HeKoTopbie noHcHeHHA no cToA6MaM: cyMMa
CyMMa AoAra
KpeAHTOB
no
HAH
npOgleHTbi,
m
4IeHOgIrbT
KOTOPbIM B
BO
npogeHTax
BpeMR OT
He
6bIAa
cymmbi
o6imeii
BblAaHHbIX KpeAHTOB.
*
ArabrBs,
6
ilpNHocvgHe
HlAOp mlb
nAaHHpyeMbie
-
noKa3aTeAH,
cBR3aHHb1e Co CTpaTerHeH iAaHHpyemoro pocTa 6aHIKa B !leAoM H no noApa3AeAeHHAM.
*
cope,
qNCrlTM
-
noKa3aTeAb,
yqHTbiBaioHlOHH
CTPYKTYPY
(paCKTOpOB
BHeLIHHX
H
CTpyKTypy aKTHBOB H o6mi3aTeAbcTB.
*
CpewH4oo ,oxr04
mo amNTNBaM
BeAHqHHy aKTHBOB,
*
KOMHCCNOHHMbOi CTpaTerHH
*
Ha cpeAHIOIO
npHHOCBU.jHX AOXOA. gOxOdg
-
nAaHHpyeMbli noKa3aTeAb 3aBHCHqjHH OT
.3aAaq 6aHKa
H
noApa3AeAeHHH.
Pacxo,qaw
Ha
KOpnOpa1HH
sapa6oTHylo ,Aary
H CTpaTerHH
CTpaHe H 3a py
6
e2KoM,
lipEwMMwe pacxogTh
•
- qHCTblIH nAaHHpyeMbiH AoxoA, AeAeHHbIH
-
noApasAeAeHHH,
nAaHHpyeMaH
UH(ppa,
Kacaogasica
AOA2KHa BKAIO0jaTb 3aTpaTbI
3aAaq
Ha o6yqeHHe
B
KOTOpbie Ha'iHCAAYTCSi B 6ioAmeT noApasAeAeHHH.
- 3aTpaTbi B 6ioAmeTe noApa3AeAeHHa:
noKa3aTeAb
OTHOCU HHCC
K 3aAaqaM KOPnOpalgHH H CTpaTerHH noApa3AeAeHHH.
*
qHCTbR goxoso,
-
onpeAeAeHHe BTOrO noKa3aTeARI MomeT 6blTb npoBeAeHO CAeAyiOIIHM
o6pa3oM:
BCTaBDKa 2.4 IpHMepHblii q3opmaT q3HHaHCoBbIX BaAaq noApaBAeAe3HH 3aAoAmeH-
KpeAHTbi
4
AenO3HTbi
HOCTh B
mCTbwH
cnpeA
npOUeHTaX
CpeAH0si
AoxOA OT
PacxoAbI
FlplMble
'4Cmcdi
flpm6blAb C
KOMHC-
Ha
3apa-
3aapaTbl
AOXOA
axTHBOB
CHOHHbIX
6oTnyio
onepay,mi
nAaTy
K o6ujefl cyrmme xpe"uTOB _
FIPOwNbli
rDA (qcalT) Teiyujnii W'A
25
Aam'an
o6ecme'ummaoujHe oTreTmi.
Taxaa
cTpyxTypa
flpeAnloAaraeT,
caMOCTORTeAbHoe cTpyriypa
°TO
nlOAyNeHHe
OT4eAbi
UpH6bLH,
flpeACTaBARIOT HMelOHe
Co6oH
oTreAbHbDe
CaMOCTORToeAbHbie 6aAaHcoBbIe
MOmeT 6brrb npeo6pasoBaHa B COOTBeTCTBHH Co cTeneHbIO
qHaHcoBoro ynpaBAeHHl B KOHKpeTHOM 4lHHaHcoBoM yipemAemmHHH.
33
H
UeHTpbI, mHaHCOBbie
AeUeHT&pamsOBaHmOCTH
Y,pezrAeONre pjwOBOg4CTEa N 1.
npoBeHTHoro
K
AoxoAa.
a6coAmorHoe
B
qHCToro
AoXOAbl
rIpH6aBHTb
rIpOH3BeAeHHIO
IlOAyqeHHOMy
nyTem
Bblpae2KHHe noAy'ieHHA
AA
CCyA
BblAaHHbIX
KOAH'IeCTBO
Ha
cnpeAa
yMHomeHHR
cnpeAa
'IHCTorO
noKa3aTeAb
Ilpeo6pa3oBaTb
KIepeMemAr
q.BCTB5NTAhIoCTm
IooRwjzeHKU
OT
KOMHCCHOHHbIX H roHopapoB.
HenpaMble 3aTpaTbl BbIpacTYT Ha X%.
2. 3.
FlpeAnoAomHM, qTO
4.
OgeHHTb, OCHOBbIBaHCb
O&eHHM CTOHMOCTb BHyTpeHHHX pac'eTOB.
AoAIO
Ha OnbITe,
OTAeAa B
o6WeH
cyMMe
BbiLnAaHBaeMbix
HaAOrOB.
5.
4
HcnoAb3OBaTb
npeAbiAyuHe onepaUHH AAA CAeAyiougHX BbI'HcAeHHH:
HHCTa3i nlpOeHTHaA Map2a + HenpoUeHTHblH AoXOA -
3aTpaTbl Ha gapa6oTHyio nAaTy
- npRMbie 3aTpaTml - HenpAMbIe 3aTpaTmi - BHyTpeHHHe pacHembi
= no4AmmalMHA HaAoroo6AomeHHIo AOXOA x (100 - npOUeHTHaH CTaBKa HaAora) 4HCTOMy AOXOAY
=
CTpaTeruh nojpaBAeAeHnw.
(T.e. OTAeAbi, HpHHOCRU.He AOXOA,
AHHeiiHbie noApa9AeAeHHQ 6
B OTAHqHe OT, HanpHMep, oTAeAa KaApOB) 0 biqHO oxBaTbiBaxoT TaKHe
KaK:
CBR3aHHbie
aKTHBbl,
npOH3BOAHTeAbHOCTb,
KOMHCCHOHHbIX roHopapoB, KaTerOpHH
AeAaeTCa
COCPeAOTa'HBaeT
pa3HblH
CBOH
noAxoASIT HX IPyHKUHQM,
yCHAHH
ynop. Ha
OT
IlAaTHb!X
yCAyr,
KOHTpOAb, nepCOHaA, npH BTOM
Ha paSHbie
B
OCHOBHOM
KaApOB
OTAeA
ABYx
AOXOA
o6I3aTeAbCTBa,
pHCKOM,
C
Bce KaTeropHH ynpaBAeHHs,
KaTeropHHx
(HeonepaUI,OHHbl)
ynpaBAeHHQ,
a HMeHHO npoH3BOAHTCAbHOCTb
6AHme
KoTopbIe
H KOHTpOAb.
HH 04HH
uepcoHaAoM 8 o6yriehwq nepcomma.
He 4oA)KcH ynycrxam BOYpoCbi yupameNHHH 6oAee rIoApo6Ho paccmaTpHBaeTCq B pa.3AeAe
OTAeAa
"CTpaTerHQ
B
Bcero
IZAaH o,T4eAa
IlieCTH
CTpaTerHi o6AacTsix
ynpaBAeHHQ Heo6xoAHMocTb
noAAep2KKH
noApaBAeAeHRH.
B
aTOH
'aCTH
nAaHa
pyKOBOAHTeAb
noApa3AeAeHHR HMeeT BamHyio AAA ce6Q BO3Mo2rHOCTb oTpa3HTb B nHCbMeHHOM BHAe, B KaKoH CTeneHH H B KaKOH qpopMe nOApa3AeAeHHe Hy2KAaeTcR B nOMOiIH H noAAepAmKe ApyrHx cAy2r6 6aHra. ECAH ApyrHe nOApa3AeAeHHH He 6yAyT nOCTaBAeHbl B HBBeCTHOCTb 0 6 noTpe6HocTHx 1IOApa3AeAeHHI, OCHOBHbie pecypcbi MOryT blTb pacnpeAeAeHbi 6e3 y"eTa TaKoM H Heo6xoAHMoCTH. TaKHM o6pa3oM, AaHHblH Ppa3AeA nAaHa npeAyCMaTpHBaeT BO3MOMHOCTb 2KeAaTeAbHOCTb COTPYAHH'ieCTBa C ApyrHMH noApa3AeAeHHRMH: B KaKoi CTeneHH noTpe6HocTH H noApa3AeAeHHH
Ha TaKHe pecypcbi KaK noMeIeHHe,
noApa3AeAeHHR npeTeHAY[OT nsaLHHPOBaHHH
AOA2KeH
KOOPAHHHPOBaTb
nepCOHaA H cHcTeMbI; oTAeA
H coo6igaTb B COOTBeTCTByIOgUe
B3aHMo3aBHcHMbie
6
OTAeAbl HHqOpMaUH10 0 HeO XOAHMOH noAAepmKe H BSaHMOAeHCTBHI. HeKoTopble
6aHKH
npeAycMaTpHBaioT
CneHHaAbHbie
3aTpaTbi
Ha
OCylueCTBAeHHe
Me2KoTAeAbHOH noAAepmKH H opraHH3yioT CAOMHbie BHyTpeHHHe nepepac'eTbI 3a B3saMHbIe
34
FIZa,opomwHe ycAyrm. HeKoTopbie HcnoAb3ylOT 6oAee npOCTbIC MexaHH3Mbl, TaKHe KaK BbiAeAeHHC HaKaAaHbIX pacxoAoB B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT KOAH'IeCTBa pa6oTHHKOB
CBOIO pa6oTy, AOA2KCH
nAaHHpOBaTb
oTAeAa. BaHK, KOTOpblH 6oAee npOCTbIC
HcnoAb3OBaTb
TOAbKO HaBHHaeT
CHCTeMbi
pacnpeAe.AeHH
SaTpaT H cocpeCoTaHHBaTb cBoe BHHMaHHe Ha 60Aee Ba2Hblx acneKTax nAaHHpOBaHHH.
[nAaH AeHCTBHH. AaTbI
HX
HAaH AeHcTBHA
BbinoAHeHHH,
H3AaraIOTCH FlAaHbI
qauje
KOHKCpeTHbie 3aAa-iH, MepOnpHITHH
- BTO nporpamma pcaAH3aMHH.
Bcero
HX
Ha3blBalOT
BCXaMH
OHa BKAIo'iaeT 3aAamH
nAaHa.
H
B aToHinporpaMMc
Heo6xOAHMb1e AAR BbII1OAHCHHR CTpaTcrHqeCKHX ILAaHOB.
pa3pa6aTbIBaIOTCH
noCAe
yTBep2KACHHH
pYKOBOACTBOM
cTpaTerHH
noApa3AeAeHHH H AOA2KHbl BKAIOqaTb CACAYIOJUHC nyHKTbI: *
cTpaTerH'ecCKHe 3aAa4H,
*
1UHpOKOC H3AO2KCHHC o6q4ero HanpaBAeHHH
*
rpynnbi HAH AHUa, oTBCTCTBeHHbIC 3a HcrioAHeHHe;
*
noApo6HocTH OCHOBHbIX 3aAaHHH;
*
AaTbI 3aBepUleHHH Ka2tKAoro 3aAaHHH;
*
popMa
oTqeTHOCTH
Ha OCHOBaHHH KOTOpbIX pa3pa6oTaHbl nAaHbl MeponpHRTHH;
0
BbInOAHCHHH
MepOnpHHBTHH;
H
3aBepu1eHHH
(HanpHMep,
oTe'T
HAH
npe4cTaBAeHHe); *
YCAOBHH,
nepeMCHHble
HAH
npenHTCTBHH1,
OKa3biBaIO1HC
BbInOAHCHHH npoeKTa HAH AeHCTBHM. PHCYHOK
2.5
npeAAaraeT o6pa.e3
nAaHa MeponpHHTHH.
BcTaBiKa
2.5
OnHcaHHe nAaHa mepoIpHsETKH
[IAAH MEPOHIPH5THM 199
roSA
OTAeA_ 3
aAana:
OnHcaHHe: PyKoBoAHTeAb npoeKTa:
AaTa HaqaAa: AaTa OKOHBaHHS: PacnHcaHHe/1aaYNH
4aa
saBeprUeHHz
1.
2. 3. 4. IepeMeHHbie: L?HHaHCOBbie pe3yAbTaTbl:
35
I7poBepKa
BAHRHHH
Ha
BO3MOMHOCTb
HomwjNj.U YEpeJlAeNNe pyJKoorcTa NC
K
KlaTerOpHHM nAaHHPOBaHHH PHCKOBbIMH
ynpaBAeHHH:
30H
h nepememam
iRocrT
B meci vaomax ynpaieo'm
CTpaTerHw i7o4pa34eAmeomN BepHeMCJI
VyBcTsIweA
Ha YPOBHe noApaBAeAeHH9 C TO'KH 3peHHH UIHecTH AOXOAOM
o6a3aTeAbCTBaMH,
aKTHBaMH,
yCAyr,
nAaTHbIX
OT
KOMHCCHOHHblX H rOHOPaPOB, npOH3BOAHTeAbHOCTH, KOHTpOAH H nepCoHaAa.
YnpaBAeHRe aKTmDanH, CRBHaHHbIKH C pHCKUKa CpCACTBa
AeHeC2Hb1C
BbICOKOHaAeCHbie AHmOT
6
xapaKTepn3ylOTCH
KaK OHH
pHCKaMH,
TaKHe
KaK
BeCKCeA,
6aHKoBcKHe
UeHHbie 6yMarH H SOAOTO. AKTHBbl, cBH3aHHbie C pHCKOM o6bl-HO COCTaB-
oAbuylO 'aCTb
HpHo6peTeHHe
AeHer,
3aMCHHTeAH
He BKAIOIaIoT
o6bI'IHO
6aHKoBcKoM peryAHpOBaHHH,
iB
6AHKaiimHe
H
ICOHTpOAb. AKTHBbl, cBn3aHHbie c
K
Bcex aKTHBOB. aKTHBOB
TaKHx
npogecca B 6aHKe, nOTOMy 'TO
H
HMH HBAHeTCH
ynpaBAeHHe
ynpaBAeHiecKoro
OCHOBOH
HMeHHO BTH aKTHBbI H o6ecneMHBaloT OCHOBHylO AOAIO AOXOAOB
6aHKa. CTpaTerHwecKHe nAaHb1 B OTHOuieHHH BTHX aKTHBOB AOA2KHbI oMeHHBaTb cyIeCTBy1lioHe H nOTeHUHaAbHbie PbIHKH, CTPaTerH1O H Ka'CCTBO nopTe.
PbrHo-Ham cTpaTerH.
*
B
KAHeHTypbI
TeKCKyleH
OTHOiuIeHHH
o4eHHTe
6aHKa,
pbIHKaX
Cyij&eCTBYIOJIHX
Ha
npOHHKHOBeHHe, yAep2KaHHe, npH6bIAbHOCTb. OnpeAeAHTe rpynnbi KAHeHTOB OCHOBHOrO H BTOpH'IHOrO HHTrepeca AA. 6aHKa H paspa6oTafiTe riAaH pa6oTbl C TaKHMH rpynnaMH. * *
lpHo6peTHTe HOBbIX KAmeHTOB Ha cyuecTByIOUIHX pbIHKaX 6aHKa. IPOHHKHHTe Ha HOBbIe pblHXH, TaKHe, HanpHMep, Kar. pbIHKH arpo6H3Heca,
MaAbiX H
CpeAHHx npeAnpHRTHH H AH3HHroBbIx KOMnaHHH. *
OeHHTe
C
cBSH3aHHbie
yCAyrH,
aKTHBaMH,
pHCKOBbIMH
ynpaBAeHHeM
KaK
TaKHMH
OnAa'IHBaeMbie KOHCYAbTaIHOHHbie H TeXHH'eICKHe yCAyrH, oKa3bIBaeMbIe KAHeHTaM Ha MaAoro 6Hs.Heca HAH rocyAapCTBeHHbIM KOMnaHHHM no BonpocaM HX nepecTpoHKH.
CTpaierm 1ropTqpeA nOpTqCA3i
Hmeiou;erocH
HaAe4HOCTb
TO'IKH
C
UeH,
3peHHH
*
O4eHHTe
*
. KOHUeHTp4aHH KpeAHTOB, OnpeAeAHTe MeAaTeAbHYlO CTPYKlTypy nOpTq Pa3pa6oTafiTe OCHOBHbie HanpaBAeHHH pa.3BHTH.9 4)HHaHCOBOH npOAyK4HH, 3aKAaAHbie nOA ()HKCHPOBaHHbie
()HHaHCHpoBaHHe
npo4eHTbl,
AAA Ha'IHHaIOUIHX npeAnPHHHMaTeAeH,
CpOKOB,
K
TarHX
o6opOTHoro
KanHTaAa
(pHHaHCHpoBaHHe onepaxHHi no AH3HHry-apeHAe
H C BbIKynoM. KavecrBo )70pr41e11A 3
2KeAaTCAbHOe
aAaMTe
KpeAHTOB,
H OrITHMaAbHOe
no1 KOTOpbIM npeKpaLqeHO Ha'HCAeHHe
OTpacARM/CeKTopaM
npOMbIiAeHHOCTH
onpeAeAeHHe
BKAIOMaS
nOpTtpeA,
Ka'eCTBO
9To6bI
TaK,
HH
OAHa
H3
AOAH
AOFIyCTHMOH
COOTHOIUeHHe rpynn
KAHeHTOB He
no
nOAy"HAa
HenpOnOPUHOHaAbHbIX pecypcoB no CpaBHeHHIO C ApyroH.
06ecne'ubTe HaAe2KHOCTb cnoco6HocTH, jeHHOCTb
IOCTOHHCTBO
Ka2mAOrO nOAHbli
3aAoroBoro
oMeHKH
KAHeHTa,
BKAlO'aR
o6beM
(PHHaHcoBb1x
o6ecne'ueHHM.
q)HHaHcoBoH
oTAeAoM
Ka2KAbiM
BOSMO2KHOCTH
BbInAaTbl
noTpe6HOCTeH,
KpeAHTHoe
yCTOHiqHBOCTH
CCyA,
AoKyMeHTaUHMo,
ynpaBAeH'iecKHe CTOHMOCTb
OTAeAeHHe 6aHKa B paSBHBaloqegCHc
H
cTpaHe
AOAMHO o6ecneqHTb ce6e BO3MO2KHOCTb npOBeAeHHR UIHpOKorO HaAsopa 3a -aeMUHKaMH,
36
H
a B
llAaHNPOMaWH HeKoTopbIx cAy"aax HMeTb BO3MO2KHOCTb oKa3blBaTb
TexHHIecKylo noMOb H o6y"eHHe cBoeMy
3aeMugHKy.
YupanAeHHe KOTOpb1e
o6nBaTeAbCT3amH.
HcnOAb3yHOTCH
qpHHaHCHpyeT
AASI
PHCKOBbIe
O6R3aTeAbCTBa COCTOSIT H3 BKAaAOB H ApyrHx pecypCOB,
(PHHaHCHpOBaHHa
aKTHBbI
C
OnTHMaAbHbIM
aKTHBOB.
YnpaBAeHHe
cnpeAoM,
noAAepmHBaeT
o6S3aTeAbcTBaMH AHKBHAHOCTH,
KOHTPOAHPYeT npoUeHTHbliH pHCK H pHCK, CBH3aHHbliH C H3MeHeHHRMH yCAOBHH. OTAeA,
COBMeCTHO
Mo6HAH3agHmo
C
onepaUHOHHbIMH
AenO3HTOB,
oTAeAaMH,
ynpaBAseT
o6H3aTeAbCTBaMH.
KOOPAHHaUHH ynpaBAeHHH o6S3aTeAbCTBaMH,
aTo orHCbiBaeTCH B rAaBe ynpaBAeHHeo
aKTHBaMH
4
KOTOpbIe
OTBe'iaIOT
BaHKH
AOA2fHbl
HHorAa B (popme OTAeAbHOrO
"CIHHaHCOBOe ynpaBAeHHe", 6aHKH 'aCTo o6 s3aTeAbCTBaMH
H
3a
(ALCO)
BBaHMOAeHCTBHe
ynpaBAHRioJiHX
pHCKOBbIMH
o6H3aTeAbCTBaMH,
npH pa3pa6oTKce
nOAHTHKH,
AAA
aKTHBaMH
CDHHaHCOBbIH
KpeAHTOBaHHe HMeTb
H
MeXaHH3M
Kar
noApa3AeAeHHi.
(JOpMHpylOT KOMHTeT no
TOro
C
OXBaTbIBaaioije
H
qTo6bI
AHMaMH,
TaKHe
o6ecnewHTb
ynpaBA5HioiHMH
npo6AeMbi,
KaK
6
Bbi op
MeM2Ay AHKBHAHOCTbIO H npH6blAblO. HOApa3AeAeHHR,
KOTOpbie o6ecne-IHBaaoT (fHHaHCHpOBaHHe,
no ynpaBAeHHIo o6a3aTeAbcTBaMH,
onpeAeAeHHe
*
geAeBbIX
B KOHTeKCTe npOAyK1.HH H pbIHKOB, BKAIO'ialOu4He:
PbIHKOB
KOMnaHHH H HHAHBHAYaAbHbie *
onpeAeAeHHe
POAH
H
AOA2KHbl pa3pa6oTaTb CTpaTerHH
ZAsA Ka2KAOro
npOAyKTOB,
BHAa
TaKHX KaK cpeAcTBa
BKAaAbl, AenO3HTHbie cepTHCPHKaTbl H c6epe2KeHHi;
MecTa
6aHKa
Ha
PbIHKe
H
OTHOCHTeAbHYIO
AOA10
pbIHKa,
3aHHMaeMyiO 6aHKOM; *
ynpaEAeHHe o6a3aTeAbcTBaMH B HHOCTpaHHOH BaAloTe;
*
pa3pa6oTKy CHCTeMbI npeAocTaBAeHHH ycAyr KAHeHTaM, KAHeHTa
H
a(xpeKTHBHOH no
-3aTpaTaM
KOTOpaH
6bIAa 6bl yAo6Hoi
YupaoAeHne KOMHCCHOHiobImH AOxoAaMH.
4OXOAbl OT IlAaTHbiX ycAyr BHOCHT CBOI0 AOA10
6
B o uyIyo npH6bIAb 6aHKa, He Tpe6y3i npH aTOM (PHHaHCHpOBaHHH,
H TOAbKO qaCTHqHO 3aBHCHT
OT cnpoca Ha KpeAHTbI. BO3MO02HOCTH nOAy-eHHH TaKoro AoxoAa AOA2HbI AoA2KHbI TaKme
nOBbIllaTbCCH Ka-eCTBO
AAH
AAA 6aHKa.
H CTpyKTypa MeXaHH3Ma
6bITb paCIDHpeHbI.
npeAOCTaBAeHHH
TaKHX ycAyr
AAR
TaKoro poAa
KAHeHTaMm.
B
xoAe pa3pa6oTKmH
YCAyr
H
nAaHOB Heo6xoAHMo onpeAeAHTb
onpeAeAHTb
KOMHCCHOHHbIX
AHHaMHKY
AOA2KHa
npH6bIAbHoCTbHOCTb
qIHHaHCOBbIX KOHKypeHUHH
YTO
pbIHKOB, B
peryAspHo
OCHOBHbiX
6blTb yBepeHHbIM B TOM,
no
npoAyKToB.
HymHO
HOBbIX
HHAYCTPHH.
cermeHTbi
Kam2AOMY
pbbHKa
BRAy
npOAAyK%HH.
nepeCMaTpHBaTbCR,
OHH COOTBeTCTBYIOT
PaSBHTHe
6aHKoBcKofi
AOXOAOB
qTo6bi
TaK2Ke nepeCMaTpHBaTb
CTpyKTypa
rapaHTHPOBaTb npOAyKTbl,
'TO6b!
noTpe6HoCTs!M pbIHKa. Flo mepe AeperyAsi.HH
npOAYKTOB
Bo3pacTaeT
H
CTaHOBHTCH 3Ha-IeHHe
MOU4HbIM
nAaTHbIX
CpeACTBOM
HHAHBHAYaAbHbIX
ycAyr, oKa3biBaeMbix 6aHKoM CBOHM KAHeHTaM. HlpHHRTHe
3aBHCHT
pbIHKOM
OT yCAOBHH
onAaTbi Ha
KpeAHTHOM
6aHKa npH pa3pa6oTKe nOAHTHKH YupaBAeHHe
ycAyr,
cBR3aHHbIX pbIHKe;
qOpMHpOBaHHH
nPOHNBROAHTeAbHOCTbo.
OnTHMH3HpOBaTb pe3yAbTaTbI
TaKaH
C npeAocTaBAeHHeM onAaTa
AOA2KHa
6
KpeAHTa,
B OCHOBHOM
blTb 'aCTbio
nOAHTHKH
UeHbl Ha KpeAHTHbie CpeACTBa
YnpaBAeHHe
pa6oTbl B KoHTeKCTe AeAoBoro
37
npoH3BOAHTeAbHOCTb]O nAaHa.
BbImHMaHHe
CTpeMHTCH pacxoAoB no
y7BcmTBNeAbHocTN K JepeMeHam
YxrpeizuAeHe pKoBEoAcTEa N IIOBrbMWCNl
CyUgeCTBy1OJJeH npeAeAbHbie
nOBbIUeHHsi
CTaTb
BpeMeHH
IOCKOAbKy
3aTpaT
OnepagHOHHbIX
BbiqeTOM
3a
KaK OTHOllleHHe
Bbipa2KeHHOro
rIpOH3BOAHTeAbHOCTH,
xIHCTOMy
K
6 o AacTH
BToH
B
yCHAHH
cTpaTerHaiecKHx
Pe3yAbTaToM
Bo3pacTaeT.
rlOBbimeHHe noKa3aTeAR
AoxoAa
MHCTOFO
cqepe.
B 6aHKoBcKofi
OKa3bIBaeT cHHKaiogee AaBAeHHe Ha 6aHKOBCKHA cnpeA, 3HaqeHHe ynpaBAeHHH
npOH3BOAHTeAbHOCTbhO AOA2KHO
npoH3BOAHTeAbHOCTH
nepHOA
paY3MHblH
3a
pacxoAbI
npeAeAbHbIe
AOXObIl npeBbIUalOT
noAqepKHBaeT 3HaqeHHe KOHKypeHUHS
CaHKUHOHHPOBaHHe pOCTa 3aTpaT TOAbKO B cAyqae, eCAH
CTpyKType 6H13Heca,
A0
AOXOAY
Bblie'ra
onepa0HOHHbIX 3aTpaT. Heo6xoAHMo pa3pa6oTaTb cTpaTerHH, KOTOpbIe 6bi: *
COKPaTHAH 3aTpaTbl Ha CyUJeCTBYIOUgHe npoAyKTb!;
*
YBeAHqHAH
TOAbKO
pacxOAbI
npeAeAbHaMH AOXOAaMH npeAeAbHbIX
npeBbIIueHHH
npH
3aTpaT; *
H3MeHeHHH
peaAH3oBaAH 3arfAaHHPOBaHHbIe
OpraHH3aUHH
nIpOAyKTax,
B 6aHKOBCKHX
pa6oTbl H peaAH-3aHH KOHTpOAH; *
aHaAHSHPOBaAH H COBeplueHCTBOBaAH o6pa6OTKy onepaUHii H CHCTeMy npeAOCTaBAeHHH ycAyr H npOAYK!HH KAHeHTy;
*
npHHHMaAH BO BHHMaHHe H3MeHeHHH MecTOHaXO2mAeHHH H BHla 3AaHHH,
annapaTHoro H
nporpaMHoro o6ecneqeHHq KOMfnbIOTepHbIX CHCTCM H KaApoB; *
H
pa3BHBaAH YCTpaHeHH.9
CHCTeMbI,
BHeApqAH
HeHYMHb]X
KOTOpbIe
H
nepcoHaAa,
KOMneTcHTHOCTH
H
HeKoTopbix
HcKAio0eHHH
CHH2KeHHff HaKAaAHbix paCXOAOB,
npOAYKTOB HAH noTpe6HTeAbcKHx ycAyr, xapaKTepHCTHK YPOBHSI
HAH
MOAHq)HKagHH
3aTpaT,
3a
a XIeKTHBHOCTH
nOBbluialOT
cIeT BHAOB
H3MeHeHHR 3aAaq
onpeAeAeHHH
AAH
pa3pa6oTKH a8)qXeKTHBHOH CHCTeMbi ynpaBAeHMecKOH HHtPOpMaqHH. YnpaBAeHHe
geAeH
onpeAeAeHHbIX
AOCTH'Ib
KOHTpOAH
lpoUeccbi
KoHTpoAemI.
B
paMKax
AHHeHiHbIM
6aHKa,
cnoco6CTByH
A0
PYKOBOAHTCAH HaXOAHAH H HcnpaBAaAH OIUH6KH H HeTO9HOCTH cepbe3HbIMH y6blTKaMH
BHyTpeHHHH
BbInOAH5UOIHM
cneHHaAbHblM nepCOHaAOM, (PyHKUHeH
HeKoTopble
HAH pHCKOM TaKoBbix.
TOMy,
mTO6bi
TOrO, KaK OHH 3aKoHqaTcR npOBOARTCH
)yHKUHH KOHTpOAH
ayAHT.
H ynpaBAeHHH nepcoHaAoM.
H AHHeHHoro ynpaBAeHHI
pyROBOAHTeAAM
noMoraloT
nOAHTHKH
3HaqHT,
KOHTpOAb RBAHeTcR
Flpogecc riAaHHPOBaHHH
no
OTAeAaM o6ecneqHBaeT BO3MOŽtHOCTb no-HOBOMy ogeHHTb aAeKBaTHocTb BHyTpeHHero KOHTpOAH H paspa6oTaTb nporpaMMbi ycHAeHHH HAH paclUHpeHH.H aTHX cAy2K6 B cAy'ae Heo6xoAHMocTH. PYKOBOACTBO
6aHKa
KoMMepICCKoro
OCyJIeCTBAmeT
KOHTPOAb
UIHpOKHH
qepe3
cneKTp
(PyHKUHH ayAHTa H KOHTpOAH: *
pa3pa6oTKa 6aHKOBcKylo
H H3AaHHe
6aHKoBCKHx
nOAHTHKy,
PYKOBOACTB H HHCTpyK1qHH, OCHOBHbIe
onpeAeARJOT
KOTOpble H3AaramoT AeRTeAbHocTH,
HanpaBAcHHS
onpeAeAHIOT HOpMaTHBbI H q)OPMHPYIOT OCHOBy AAR npOBePKH BbD1OAHeHHH OCHOBHbIX Tpe6oBaHHH *
q)opMaAH3agHn riOTOKa oTqeTHOCTH CHHSY BBepX, KOTOpaq BKAIO'iaAa oTheTbI AHHeHHbIX
pyKoBoAHTeAeH,
coo6ujaiou4Hx 0 BbinOAHeHHH
6
bl
Heo6xoAHMble
H.AH HeBbInOAHeHHH
npHHHTOH nOAHTHKH *
BHeApeHHe COOTBeTCTBYIOU4HX HOBb!e CHCTeMbi H AeAOBbie
npoUeAyp
ayAHTa H
nporpammbCA0,
38
paCCMOTpeHHH
KpeAHTOB
B XOAe H nocAe HX peaAHSaIHH.
BO
BCe
JJAaJHHPOBaRH
CHCTeMbN
ynpaBAeHqeCKOH
(CYM) npeAcTaBA3IoT co6Oi HHCTpyMeHT, CYM, KaK BamHaR qaCTb o6fero rlAaHa, B
HHq)OpMaUHH
KOTOpblH noAAepmHBaeT (PyHKgHH KOHTpOAR. HAaH
OCHOBHOM pa3pa6aTbiBaeTcH Ha OCHOBe CTpaTerHH noApa.3AeAeHHH.
YupaBAeene nepcoHaAoM. lepcoHaA npeAcTaBAAeT co6ofi CaMbIH Ba2HbliH H3 pecypCOB 6aHKa. POCT H ycnex 6aHKa onpeAcAHReTCR TeM, HaCKOAbKO 3HaIOJHC H OnbITHbie pa6OTHHKH HaXOAHTCH
Ha
KAIoxeBbIX
H
npHOPHTeTHbIX
MecTaX
6
B
aHKe.
Pa3BHTHe
HHAHBHAyaAbHbIX
HaBbIKOB, coBeplleHCTBOBaHHe 3HaHHH H OnbITa KOAAeKTHBa S1BAACTCR Ba2KHbJM npHOPHTCTHbIM
HanpaBAeHHeM B pa6oTe pyKOBOAHTCAH noApasAeAeHHH. Ka2mAbiH
pa6oqefi 6
blTb
PYKOBOAHTeAb
cpeAbi.
OH onpeAeAAeT
mepe3
pelUeHbl
oTAeAa
HaBbIKaM.
HanpaBAeHHe
e2KcAHCBHOrO
OH
OTBeTCTBCHHOCTb
npo6AeMbl,
OTBemaeT 3a
3a
BO3MO2KHOCTH
cnefHaAbHO
o6yqeHHe
TexHHqecKHM
HeceT
COBCpIIIlHCTBOBaHHH
CBOHX
COOTBeTCTBy1OejeH
H noTpe6HoCTH,
OTo6paHHoro
nAaHHPoBaHHe
CO3AaHHe
nepcoHaAa
TaKoro
KoTopbie
MoryT
ynpaBAeHiCCKHM 9
nOA4qHHeHHbIX.
H
H onpeAeAAeT
o6yleHHH
TH
Tpe6oBaHHFI
peaAHmyiOTCH mepe3 KOHKpeTHbIe ularH H MeponpHSITHH, BCTPeqH H KOHTaKTbI C pa6OTHHKaMH, B xoAe KOTOPbIX pyKOBOAHTeAb:
o6ecne'HBaeT
*
nIpoPeCCHOHaAbHO
KBaAHPHUHpOBaHHbIM
AIOAHM
06yqeHHe
H
noHHTb
HOpMaTHBbl
H
BbIABHmeHHe Ha KAJoxieBbie noCTbl B noApa3AeAeHHH; *
npOBOAHT
o6y'qeHHe
pa6OTHHKoB,
4To6bi
noMOMb
HM
Tpe6oBaHHR K PC3yAbTaTam pa6oTbl; *
rnAaHHPYCT o6pa3oBaHHe BaKaHCHH Ha KAioqeBbix t
nOCTaX B cBoeM noApa3AeAeHHH;
nepHoAHmecKH OgeHHBaeT pe3yAbTaTbi pa6oTbl H noTeHgHaA KamAoro nOAqHHeHHoro;
* *
o6cymAaeT
AOCTH2KeHHR
B
pa6oTe
H
Heo6xoAHMOcTb
o6yxeHHA
c
Ka2AbIM
noASHHeHHbIM;
pa3BHBaeT npOrpaMMbi
*
o6ecneiHAH
npO4peCCHOHaAbHOrO o6yteHHH B yTpe2KAeHHH,
Mo6HAbHOCTb
nepcoHaAa
H
coBmeiqaeT
o6y'eHHe
KOTOpble 6bl nepcoHaAa
3a
py6emoM co CTHMyAaMH no yAep2KaHHio nepCoHaAa; *
nePHOAHMeCKH
nepeCMaTPHBaeT
AOA2KHOCTHbIe
HHCTPYK4HH
AAR
HX o6HOBAeHHS1B
COOTBeTCTBHH C MeHRIOWHMHCH YCAOBHHMH. j>eHTpaAbHOe
noApa3AeAeHHe
y"e6Hblii oTAeA 6aHKa) AHHeHHbIM
no
o6yMeHH!o
AOA2KeH o6ecneqHBaTb
pyKOBOAHTeAAM,
KorAa
OHH
H
nOArOTOBKe
nepcoHaAa
(oTAeA
KaApOB,
KoHcyAbTaTHBHbie H KOOPAHHagHOHHbie ycAyrH
npOBOAHT
rLAaHHPOBaHHe
o6yqeHH3i
nepcoHaAa,
pa3pa6oTKy o6R3aHHocTeii pa6oTHHKoB. YqaCTHe B BTOH pa6oTe COTpyAHHKOB oTAeAa KaApOB TOAbKO YCHAHBaeT, npHAaeT 3HamHMOCTb pa6OTe PYKOBOAHTeAH,
HO He nOAMeHSeT ee. Pa6oTa
AOAKHa BKAIOqIaTb, HO HC OrpaHHqHBaTbCH CACAYIOH4HM:
aBcXPeKTHBHOe OPHeHTHPOBaHHe H o6 yqeHHe *
o6yqeHHe Ha pa6oqeM MeCTe,
qTo6bi
HOBbIX COTpyAHHKOB;
Ka2KAbiH pa6oTHHK Mor BXpqleKTHBHO BbinOAHRTb
pa6oTy, Ha KOTOPYJO OH Ha3HaqeH; *
o6yTeHHe nOBbIlJCeHHH
BHYTPH
CTpaHbi
KBaAHcpHKagHH
H
3a
py6emoM
nepcoHaAa
H
B
HHTepecax
CO3AaHHe
6aHKoBcKofi
pesepsa
nOArOTOBKa CnegHaAHCTOB; *
KO0PAHHHPOBaHHe
nOAroTOBKH nepCOHaAa c Hy2KAaMH yPeCMAeHHH;
39
Ha
nOAHTHKH
npOABH2KeHHe,
pyJrOBOCTRa H HOwMIJeOHJwff IyBCTBHTeAhOC7TN
YKvpeHAeHHe
OIIbITa H npOBeAeHHe o6yqeHHn, Heo6xoAHMoro
co3AaHHe BO3MOMHOCTH npHo6peTeHHI
*
OnbITHb1X
yAepmaHHS
MeXaHH3MOB
pa3pa6oTKa
pa6oTHHKa,
KapbepbI
pa3BHTHR
AAA
epemeMHaM
h
pa6oTHHKOB.
3AKAIOLIEHHE H KPATKUE BbIBOlbl
acneKTbI
Ho
6aHKOBCKHX onepa4Hi.
'TO
npH3HaTb,
AOA2KHO
PYKOBOACTBO
TOro,
JAH
AA4M 2KH3HeCnOCO6HOCTH
HeO6XOAHMO
nAaHHPOBaHHe
1lAaHHPOBaHHe qBAAeTcT
pe3Koro naAeHHR AOXOAHOCTH HAH HOCAe nepeCTpOHKH y'pemAeHHH.
rioTpe6HoCTH npoBeCTH
H ApyrHe
IUTaTaX
B
npeAnpHfTHH.
OTBeMaeT 3a ycnex pa6oTbi
PYKOBOACTBOM 6aHKa
H
HO 3a caM npogecc OTBeqaiOT Te,
aHaAH3 AAA o6Aer-ieHHR npogecca nAaHHpOBaHHH,
KTO BMeCTC C BblCUIHM
paMKH
OCHOBHble
pa3pa6OTaTb
MOryT
CnefHaAHCTbI
onpeAeAsnougHe
pa6OTHHKH,
KOHCyAbTaHTbl,
pyKOBOACTBa.
AHHeHHOrO
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTbIO
nocAe
npHXOAHT noCAe IIIOKOB, BbI3BaHHbIX KOHKypeHgHeH,
6aHKa. HoAo6Hoe nPH3HaHHe 'aCTO
Bce
Bbiculee
ycnex,
ce6e
o6ecnewHTb
WTO6bi
OXBaTbIBaoloHM
ynpaBAeHHH,
HHCTpyMeHTOM
BeAHKOAenHbIM
HBAHeTCH
HlAaHHpOBaHHe
Be3
yqaCTHH Bbicuiero pyKOBOACTBa, nAaHHpOBaHHe - 9TO TOAbKO HaAOeJAHBblH aAMHHHCTpaTHBHblH npogecc. MeXaHH3Ma nAaHHpOBaHHH
YcnelIIHoe riAaHHpOBaHHe Tpe6yeT HaAH'iHR HHCTHTYUHOHaAbHOrO AAA pa3pa6OTKH, 6blTb
pa3pa6oTKy
3aAaq
oTAeAeHHH,
ynpaBAaH
3a
rnpogeccom
H KOOPAHHHPYH nAaHHPOBaHHe
OnepaTHBHbie KOTOpbie
xapaKTep
xapaKTep
onpeAeAAIOT
6
nAaHa AOA2KeH
aTH orOBOPKH,
C
HaqHHaIOTCH
rlAaHbl
H
npOAYKT
KOHeCHbliH
pa3AHxIHbIX
BpeMH
blTb oripeAeAeH
HIepec'iyp
AeHCTBHH,
[pHOpHTeTbl
H
6aHKa.
KOTOpblH
AoKyMeHToM,
6bITb
CHCTeMbi
aM6HUHO3Hbie
3aAwIH,
(paKTOpOB.
BbICIIIHM pyKOBOACTBOM
AOA2KeH
6aAaHCOBbIX
nocAeAoBaTeAbHOCTH
BbipasfeHHOH
'eTKO
B
B nOAe3HbiH HHcTpyMeHT pyKOBOACTBa.
B 6pemHs, 'eM
nAaHHPOBaHHR npeBpaigaioTca cKopee
nporHOH3bi
riAaHa
sa
Ha cAy'qaH 'ipe3Bbi3iaHHbIX o6CToRTeAbcTB.
npOCTbIM.
6bITb
AOAMHo
nAaHHpOBaHHR
pa3pa6aTbiBaR
nAaHOB,
o0eHKH
nAaHHpoBaHHHS,
H Tpe6oBaHHH
yCAOBHH
OCHOBHbIX
nepeAaqy
MO2KeT
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb
HeCeT
nAaHHpOBaHHR
4pyHKIHa
oTAeA
B
nepeAaHa
HAH
c)YHKIH.9
MeAH.
BTOH
KopnopaIHH,
OT'ieTOB H AOXOAOB,
lpogecc
AAA
CnegHaAbHO
CO3AaHHbliH
AHpeKTopa
q)HHaHcoBorO
Ha
BO3Ao2KeHa
nAaHa. TaKaH
BbInOAHeHH.9
H OTCAem2HBaHHH
KOOPAHHaUHH
H CaM
HCcMOTpH Ha BCe cHTyaIHIO
oTpa2KaeT
Ha pa6oqeM ypOBHe.
COMHHTCAbHbIX
Heo6xOAHMbie BblHrpaTb
4H(p
H
npH
CHcTeMHbIe
pa3BHTHH.
OT CHCTeMHOrO
nporHo3HaR
MOAeAb.
KaK
pe3yAbTaTOB,
B
CAa6bix
B
OAHHM
H3 BamHbIX
OHH
BAHHHHe
6blAH
Ha
3aSHKCHPOBaHbI
AAR
B
HeIpeABHAeHHbIX
qpe3BbixiaHHbIX o6cTosiTeAbCTB. IIPOBOAHTb e2KeMeCCYHO
AHHeHHbIX PYKOBOAHTeAeH H cAy2K
6
C
TeX
nop 6aHKH
HHcTpyMeHToB H
6aHKa
MOrAH
noAAep2KH
Ao6HTbCS1
AaHHbIX,
6bl
S1BAHeTCH yCAOBHRX,
3anAaHHPOBaHHb1X 6aHKH
AOA2KHbl
Ha
cAy'aE
nAaHHPOBaHHH
Ha OCHOBaHHH
pa3pa6OTaAH
TOme
BKOHOMH'eCKHx
nAaHHpoBaHHH,
H
KaKmx-To
cocTaBAeHHH
CTpaHaX 6aHKH
npoUecce
nporHO3HPOBaHHR
BO3MO2KHOCTH
Heo6xOAHMO
HO
qJHHaHCOBbIX
BO3MOmHOCTH
pa3pa6aTblBaTb
fporHo3
CHCTeM,
pa3BHBaioWHxcH
IIOCTOHHHO HsMeHH.Oi4HXCII
cepbe3Hoe
OKaSbIBaio1gHX
y'aCTHH
noAAepmKH.
C
Ha'HHaAOCb
6aHKax
aMePHKaHCKHx
B
HlAaHHpOBaHHe
nIocTynaiolgHx
OT
ynpaBAeHHH nepCOHaAOM. AHHeiiHbie OTAeAbi o6ecne'HBaioT
40
HAaHHpo eaHHe
o6HoBAeHHe nOFrHo3oB B OTHOmeHHH aKTHBOB, BAHRHHHR
o6R3aTeAbCTB, AOXOAOB H paCXOAOB, a TaKme
npogeHTHoH CTaBKH Ha ypOBeHb pa6oTaloWHx aKTHBOB H BAHRHHHe o63aTeAbCTB H
npogeHTHoH CTaBKH Ha TaKHe pbIHO-Hbie HHCTpymeHTbl KaK Me2K6aHKOBCKaR CTaBKa, CTaBKa Ha CpOqHbie BKAaAbl, MOACAH
HAH 6aHKOBCKafl
rIporHo3HpOBaHHH,
CTaBKa.
Bbin1OAHeHHOH
B
(lpHAomeHHe
AOTOce.
OHa
B
npeAAaraeT
nOKa3biBaeT
npH6blAH H OCHOBHbie CHHaHCOBbie KOBqXHgHeHTbI 3a HCTeK1He nHTIb AeT).
41
npOCTOH nIpHMep 6aAaHC,
oT'ieT
0
YjrpelLAen'Ne p,yxwooexcTa N IIBhloIreIHw qyBcTmmreA.bHocrT
FIpHAOxceHme
A. FIpoBepKa
IlposepKa nAaHa npeACTaBASeT AAS
h nmepe 4 veHaar
CTpaTerHH
co6ofi BO3MO2KHOCTb OmeHHTb cTpaTerHio,
HU npoBeCTH
TeAMH noApa3AeAeHHH
AeAeHHR. HcnoAb3yfiTe CAeAyiolU4H
aHaAu3 pa-BHTHq
AonOAHrTeAbHb!ii
riAaHa,
noApa3-
CTpaTerHH
979
LLITaAiHepa 1
rIpOBepOqHbliH AHCT (KOTOpblii B3RT y
KaM OCHOBHOe PYKOBOACTBO npuH OeHKe
pa3pa6oTaNHyio
CBH3b C pyKOBOAH-
KoHKpeTHoro pblHra. OHa TaK2Ie nomoraeT OCyUeCTBHTb o6paTHybo
r.)26
AeAaH ynop Ha pa3AeAax, KOTOpbie Heo6xoAHMo
o6cyAHTb AOnOAHHTeAbHO. H onblTaiiTeCb yBHAeTb HenOCAeAOBaTeAbHOCTb
rLAaHa.
OfeHxa cTpareriwqecAoro nAaaa pzrHia 1.
aOCTaTOHHO AH AaHHbIX AAm aAeKBaTHOii
2.
ECAH HeAoCTaToqHo,
ogeHKH pbIHKa?
KaKHe AOnOAHHTeAbHbIe
H rAe
Tpe6yloTCH
AaHHbIe
HX MO2KHO
nOAy4HTb?
3.
H4eTKO AH onpeAeAeH HHTepecyiouIHi 6
Hac pbIHOK?
4.
KaKos o 1beM
5.
KaKoBbi TeMnbi pOCTa B npOU1AoM H nepCneKTHBbi POCTa B 6yAyueM?
6.
CiOAbKiO CyI,eCTByeT KAHeHTOB?
H CTOHMOCTb pbIHKa?
CKOAbKO KAHeHTOB COCTaBAHl T
50
H
80% o6beMa
pbIHKa?
7.
H.sBecTeH AH npogecc npHHrTrH
peJineHHHi
Ha PblHKe H MOmeT AH 6aHK nOBAHRTb Ha
BTH pemeHHs!?
8. 9.
S3BeCTHbI AH nOTpe6HocTH KAHeHTOB H COOTBeTCTBYIOT AH HM Bo3MO2KHOCTH 6aHKa? onpeAeAeHbi AH oCHOBHbI KoHKypeHTbl H HX OTHOCHTeAbHaR cHAa? H3BecTHa AH HX cTpaTerHsl?
10. TomHO AH onpeAeAeHo nOAOmeHHe 6aHKa
no
cpaBHeHHIO C ero KOHKypeHTaMH?
11. ECTb AH y 6aHKa pecypcbi Ami o6CAy2HBaHHR
12. 13.
aToro pbIHKa?
ByAeT AH AeHTeAbHOCTb Ha BTOM pbIHKe COBnaAaTb C o6UJJHMH 3aAaqaMH 6aHra? TulaTeAbHO AH 6blAH npoaHaAH3HpoBaHbl BCe qaXTopbi BAHRHHUH OKpyKeHHR
Ha
pbIHOK?
14.
cloco6HocT
KaK OCeHHBaLTCH
AH4KpepeHgHpBaTb
AeRTeAbHOCTb
H eCTb AH TaKla
cnoco6HOCTb y 6aHxa?
15. 16.
OnIpeAeAeHbl AH nlpH6blAbHOCTb H 'IYBCTBHTeAbHOCTb K geHam pbIHKa? OnpeAeAeHbl AH KAIO'ReBbie (aKTOpbi ycnexa Ha BTOM pblIHKe?
Offemra
MuaHa
CBepXBaAaqa
H BaAaqH
1.
ICHa H aKTyaAbHa AH OCHOBHaR geAb 6aHKa?
2.
OnlpeAeAeHbI
AH
OTBeTCTBeHHblM
3a
3.
PeaAHCTU9Htl AM
.3aAasH
no
coAep2KaHHIo,
KOAHseCTBeHHb1M
noKasaTeARM,
BbInIOAHeHHe H BpeMeHH BbinIOAHeHHH?
aTH
3aAasiH?
34eHHOHa (1986). BOCmpOHBOAHTCes c pa3pememm 26 KaK yKawao y
42
AaOH YafiN H cbiHOBbR', ATA.
uaHHpowpaowHHe
OCHOBHbie yCAOBHE
4. Bce
5.
PMbHKa H BHeMIH6e xapa.KTepHCTHKH
AH BamHbie
CpeAbl
H YCAOBHR 6blAH BbilBAeHbI H yqTeHbl?
PaayMHbl AH aTH Bb1BOAbl?
6. Ha
KaKOH HHMHOpMaUHH
OHH OCHOBbIBaioTc.R?
KOHKypeHTHaE cKAa 7. HeTKO AH onpeAeAeHbI AOAH 8. OripeAeAeHo AH OTHOIJIeHHe
PbIHKa 6aHKa H AOAH pblHKa ero OCHOBHblX KOHKypeHTOB? Me2KAy npH6bIAbio 6aHKa Ha PbIHKe H KOHKypCHUHeH
Ha
AaHHOM pbIHKe? 9.
OnpeAeAeHO H OUCHeHO AH OTHOCHTeAbHoe
KamecTBo
10. ConocTaBHMa AH UeHa Ha 6aHKoBcKHe ycAyrH C
6aHKoBcKHX ycAyr?
CeHOH ero OCHOBHbIX KOHKyPCHTOB Ha
AaHHOM pbIHKe? 11.
OnpeAeAeHbI
AH
npHeMbi
MapKleTHHra
H CHCTeMa
[peAOCTaBAeHHH
yCAyr
6aHKoM
B
no CpaBHeHHIO
C
CpaBHeHHH C ero KOHKypeHTaMH?
12. OnipeAcAeH
H ogeHeH AH ypOBeHb
pecypCOB,
HMelOWHXCR
y
6aHKa,
pCcypcamH ero OCHOBHbIX KOHKypeHTOB) OUeHsKa 3OBMOUHHOCTeC
13.
HIeTKO
AH
onpeAeAeHbl
H OCeHeHbl
BO3MO2KHOCTH
6aHKa
B
o6AacTH
HanpaBAeHHH
pa3BHTHR H nOTeHlHaAbHOrO BAHSHHH?
14.
CyigeCTBy1OT AH RBHaH BHeIHHH OnaCHOCTb H O;eHCHO AH eef nOTeHUHaAbHOe
BAHHHHe
Ha pa3BHTHe 6aiiKa?
CTpaTerm nopTqDeAR pbNHOqHOrO cermeHTa 15. 4eTKO AH paspa6oTaHa cTpaTerHR nopT"" KamAoro 16. CoBnaAaeT AH npeAAaraeMaH cTpaTerHH co CTpaTerHeH S3aAaqH nAaHa meponp*sTsH 17. HeTKO AH onpeAeAeHbl 3aAaqIH
nAaHa?
pb1HO-Horo cerMeHTa? pbIHO'Horo nOpTVJAR?
HMelOTCR AH KoAHIeCTBeHHbie
noKa3aTeAH Ha
KamAbiH CTpaTerHqeCKHH qJaKTOp C TO'KH 3peHHH YPOBHH H xapaKTepa nAaHHpyeMblX H3MeHeHHH?
18.
BblpameHbI
AH
3aAaqH
KaKAofi
noA-nporpaMMbl
C TOsKH 3peHHH
ee
BeCOMOCTH
B
OCYlUeCTBAeHHH meAaTeAbHbIX nepeMeH no KOHKpeTHOMy cTpaTerHqecKoMy cpaKTopy?
19. 06ecneqHBaloT
AH AOCTaTO-HYO
noAAep2KKy
BCnOMOraTeAbHbie
ITAaHbi H COqeTaKOTCH
AH OHH C pbiHOiHOH cTpaTerHeHi H 3aAaqaMH AaHHOrO cermeHTa pbiHKa?
20.
CorAacylOrcR
AH
3aAaqH
nAaHa
AeHCTBHH
C
HCXOAHbJMH
AaHHbIMH
H
OCeHKaMH,
BKAIORaR npeAnoAaraemyo peaKuHIo KOHKypeHTOB?
nAaEbl nporpaMM
21.
4
eTKO AH onpeAeAeHbl iularH, Heo6xOAHMbie AAm
peaAH3aHH
nporpaMM H eCTb AH B
nporpammax XKAoieBble MOMeHTIbl? 22.
OnpeAeAeH AH BHYTPH noApa3AeAeHHS
Heo6xOAHMblH ypoBeHb nepcoHaAa?
43
YirpeizAemwe pywoBoxcr5ia i
23. Cy{geCTByeT
AH
B
IOHLWHeNAU
noApa_3AeAeHHH
JrilepeMeitam
'JyDCTBNIWAbmOCT
Ha6op
Heo6xoAHMbli
H
HaBbIKOB
AAA
3MHaHHHi
BbInOAHeHHH nOCTaBAeHHbIX 3aAaq?
24.
BxSRn.AeHbl
AH
Heo6xoAHMble
H/HAH npHema HOBbIX COTPYAHHKOB
npogeAypbi o6yqeHHR
B noApa3AeAeHHH?
25.
OnpeAeAeHbI
AH
BO3MOMHOCTH
o6ecne'ieHNH
Heo6xoAHMoro
KOAHMecTBa
H
ypOBHR
nepcoHaAa sa C9eT BHyTpeHHHX pe3epBOB 6aHKa?
26.
AN
OnpeAeAeHbl
H
opraHH3agHOHHorO
CBR3U
xapaKTepa
Apyroro
MemAy
AaHHbHM
noApa3AeAeHHeM H ApyrHMH noApa3AeAeHHHMH 6aHKa?
27.
OnpeAeAeHbl
AH peCypcbi,
6 HeO XOAHMbIe
OnpeAeAeHa
4IHHaHCHpOBaHHR?
AAR
AH HX
CTOHMOCTb?
28. OnpeAeAeHbl 29. Cyu4eCTByeT
AH fipoleAypbI BbmAam KpeAHTa H KpeAHTHbie PHCKH? AH noTpe6HocTb B HcnoAb3oBaHHH KaxHX-AH6o CHCTeM, BCnOMOraTeAbHb[X
onepagHH? OgeHeHa AM HX CTOHMOCTb?
30. OnpeAeAeHbl AN nOTpe6HocTH B o6opyAoBaHHH H npoBeAeHa AM HX ogeHKa? 31. OnpeAeAeHa AM peaKgHR noTeHgiHaAbHOFO KOHKypeHTa? 32. IlpoBeAeH A aHaAH3 a qTO 6 yAeT, eCAH? AAR ogeHKH BAHRHHH M3MeHeHHf? 33.
Pa3pa6oTaHbl AH nAaHbl Ha cAyqaH qpe3Bbi'iaHHbIX o6CTOHTeAbCTB?
34. 35.
HoAroToBAeHbl AM oUeHKH saTpaT H BbIrOA H AOcTaTO'lHO AH OHM HaAemHbl? Pa3pa6oTaHa
AM
opraHH3aliuH
yKa3aHHeM
C
nporpammbi
KamAoH
CTpyKTypa
H
OTBeTCTBeHHbIX 3a Hee?
36. KameTcui
BbinOAHHMOH,
AH nporpamma
M3 HMeCO1UMXCR
HCXOAH
pecypcOB, npomlAoro
OnbiTa H Bo3MO2HOCTCH noApa3AeAeHHi?
37.
ByAeT AM pemxeHa 3aAazia, noCTaBAeHHaH nepeA nporpaMMoH, KorAa nporpamma
6
yACT
BbinOAHeHa?
38. AOCTHrHeT
BbinOAHeHMR
nporpamm no KamAoMy nAaHy MeponpMHTHMH
AM BbInOAHeHHe
saAax nAaHa MepOnpNHTHH?
O;ge'xSa ocreCmrM crpaTerawecaoro ImaHNpOraHNE BO3MOMHOCTb
CylgeCTByeT nAaHHpOBaHHS,
ayAHT
HCnOAb3yHS
4
i cnoAbS3yR TaKylo
Beq4KTHBHOCTb
npOBepHTb CHCTeMbl
rIAaHHpOBaHHS,
qOpMy, noMHHTe, wTO pa3Hbie AIOAH
6
Balilef
CHCTeMbi
HanpHMep,
cTpaTerHqecKoro
IpHBeAeHHbli
HHme.
yAYT HHTepnpeTHpoBaTb Bonpocbi no-
AIOAH M3 pa3Hb1X oTAeAOB 6aHKa MOryT AaTb pa3Hbie OgeHKH Ha OAHH H TOT 2Ke
paaHoMy,
aonpoc. TeM He MeHee, TaKHe paSAH'HH
moryr
Aame OKa3aTbCH nOAe3Hb1MH npH pa3pa6OTKe
jwA.&ora no noBoAy CHCTeMbl H Heo6xoAHMOcTH H3MeHeHHR HeKOTOpbIX ee BAeMeHTOB. MHeHHSH
pa3AHqHbIX CHCTeMa
MTO
'KYBCTByeT,
AIOAeH
He
He MOmeT
BcerAa
oAHHaKOBbli
HMe1oT
o6ecaemHTb
paapa6oTKH
'lecKoro peuleHHR, SHaqHT CHcTeMa HymAaeTcR B KoppeKTHpOBKe. 6aHna CO'reT ee npHeCMAeMO a"O [1ycTaR
npHW1Ha
TpaTa BpeMeHH,
BaAyMaTbc.R.
Bec.
ECAH
PYKOBOAHTeAb
COOTBeTCTByiOulerO
CTpaTerH-
O AHaKo, eCAH PYKOBoAHTeAb
, a ApyrHe PYKOBOAHTeAH KAIO'ieBbIX OTAeAOB 6aHKa HaHAyT, wTO
cHcTeMa 'pe3BbIc'aMHo
'TO
6lopOKpaTwHa, TorAa eCTb cepbeCslH
Ha pa3HbIX ypOBHHX nAaHHPOBaHHH
no BceH
cHcTCMe
6aHKa AoA2reH
6biTb npoBeAeH ayAHT, BO BpeMR KOTOpOro BbICiuee pyKOBoACTBO 6aHKa cyMCCT ogeHHTh Bce paZACAbi 3 TH
4.
A, B,
H
B,
nocAeAHHe
r
H
rpynnil
H
npHBeAeHHbie HHme, npH BTOM Bbi6epeT TOAbKO nyHKTbl H3 pa3AeAAOB
nyHKTbi,
oAHaKo,
AOAmHbl
44
BbinOAHRTCR
PYKOBOAHTAEMH
FLaaprnaua' noApa3AeAeHHR
/oTAeAa/.
6aHmy B geAOM, a
IocAe oKo0HaHHH
Ta1K2e Ha pa3AH4HbIX
AaTb noBoA AAH o6cymAeHH.R,
ayANTa
cpaBHHTe
YpOBHX ynpaBAeHNeCKOH
HcnoAb3oBaHHs
Pe3yAbTaTbl
HepapxHH.
3
T
no
AOAZKHO
H npOBepKH MeToAa ycTpaHeHH.9 o6Hapymemmix
cAa6bix 3BeHbeB. TaKHM o6pa3oM
Baima cHcTema nAaHHpOBaHHR
yCOBepmeHCTBOBaTb
Baiuero
cnoco6HocTb
H OgeHHTe
6aHKa
npHHHMaTb
MO2IeT 3HaqHTeAbHO
nOMOYb
npaBHAbHbie
CTpaTerHYecKHe
emy Ay'ime
BbInOAHRTb
pemeHHR.
A.
06qgan oMeHKa, cCeAaHHaB
1.
PyKonoArTeAb
6aHxa
CqHTaeT,
PYKOBOAHTeABMH 'ITO
cHcTeMa
noMoraeT
ero
pa6o0y.
2.
1Ipo'iHe
PYKOBOAHTeAH
KAio'ieBbIX
AHHeHHblx noApa3AeAeHHH
C%IHTaIOT,
YTO
CHCTeMa
AASI HHX noAe3Ha.
3. B
geAom 6oAbInHHCTBO PyROBOAHTeAefi npeBbulmaeT 3aTpaTbl Ha riAaHHpOBaHHe.
4. B.
5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Heo6xOAHMbI
Cepbe3Hbie H3MeHeHHH
cqHTalOT,
'ITO
BbirOAa
B CHCTeMe cTpaTerHqecKoro
OT
rLAaHHPOBaHHS
nAaHHpoBaHHH.
4aeT AH cscTeMa "npaBHAbHbIeW OTBeTbi H peByAbTaThi? Pa.3pa6oTKa OCHOBHOH !eAH 6aHKa H 6aHKoBcKoii AeRTeAbHOCTH. HpeABHAeHHe KpyIIHbIX nlOAe3HbIX BO3MO2HOCTeH B 6yAyMueM. lpe4ABHeHHe OCHOBHbIX OriaCHOCTeH B 6yAyJjjeM. FpaBHAbHasi OmeHKa CHAbHblX CTOpOH 6aHKa. HpaBHAbHaR OBeHKa CAa6bix CTOpOH 6aHKa. 3
c)qpeKTHBHoe onpeAeAeHHe H OBeHKa OCHOBHblX CTpaTerHH KOHKypeHTa.
11. OnpeAeAeHHe npHOpHTeTOB nporpaMMbI AeRCTBHH. 12. Pa3pa6oTma nOAe3HbIX AOArOCpO'IHbIX 3aAaq.
13. 14.
Pa3pa6oTKa nIOAeSHbIX AOArOCpO'HbIX cTpaTerHii. Pa3pa6oTKa KpaTKOCPO'1HbIX H CpeAHecpOqHbIX nporpaMM CTpaTerHH.
15. O6HapymeHHe
H
npOcpHAaKTHKa CTpaTerH'eCKHX
Ae4CTBHH
AAS
IUOKOB.
16.
CoBepmueHCTBOBaHHe
17.
o6maaTeAbCTBa, npH6blAb, AOXOAbl Ha aKTHBbl, AOXOAbI Ha aKtHH. Pa6oTa 6aHKa cTaAa Ay'qiue no cpaBHeHHlO C ApyrHMH yYpe2rAeHHaMH,
noKa3aTeAeH
peaAH3aHa
(pHHaHCOBOH
AeRTeAbHOCTH
6aHIKa:
aKTTHBbi,
KOTOpbie
He
npOBOAHAH ii1HpoKorO H BceoxBaTbiBaiOgero rIAaHHpOBaHHH.
B.
nlpeAyCMaTpHsaeT AH CHCTeMa UeHHbIe AIonOAHHTeAbHbIe BbIFOAbl? CHCTeMa yAyq'uHAa Ka,ieCTBO ynpaBAeHHR. 19. CHCTeMa npeACTaBAReT co6of YHHCPHgHPYJOIJYIO KOOPAHHHPYIOUWYO CHAy B 6aHIIe.
18.
20.
CHCTeMa
CAY?KHT COBepUleHCTBOBaHHIO o6uleHH31 H COTpyAHHqeCTBa no Bcemy 6aHiy.
r. FIOCTpOeHHe
CHCTeMbi DAaHHPOBaHHs 21. rAaBHoe PyKOBOACTBO npHHSLO HAeio, 9TO cTpaTerH'ecKoe riAaHHpoBaHe OCHOBHOH OTBeTCTBeHHOCTbIO.
22. CHCTeMa
COOTBeTCTBYCT CTHAIO pyrOBOACTBa 6aHica.
45
sBAAR-TcS ero
q
Yrpeiuezwe pJyOBO,CTaa N nosBMWieHI
23. CHCTeMa
COOTBeTCTByeT
nOTpe6HocTRM
mJnmAbHocrm ic iepemeam
6aHiKa B npoMecce
npHHRTHR cTpaTerH4ecKMX
pelmeHHH.
24.
oAo6peHo
nlAaHHpOBaHHe
KopnopaTHBHoe
H
AHHeHHblMH
noAAep2KHaeTcx
PYKOBOAHTeARMH H nepCOHaAOM.
25. CHcTeMa npHHWTHR CTpaTerH'eCKHX peuieHHH XOpOMo pa6oTaeT B 6aHKe.
26.
n1pHeMAeMbie
HCflOAb3yeT
CHCTeMa
H
nOHHMaeMbie
KOHIrengHH,
C
COrAacy1olIHecR
HHTepeCaMH 6aHKoBcKoro AeAa.
.
aq34eRTHBeH AH
27.
BblClcee
npoMecc nAaHEpoDaHHS?
PYKOBOACTBO
TpaTHT
pa3yMHOe
ROAHqeCTBO
BpeMeHH
Ha
CTpaTerHYecKoe
nAaHHpOBaHHe.
28. AHHeiiHbie
pyKoBoAhTreAH npHHHMaioT nAaHHPOBaHHe He TOAbKO Ha CAOBaX,
HO H Ha
AeAe.
29. AHHefiHbie
COOTBTCTByiou.ee
TpaTRT
pyKoBoAHreAH
KOAHIeCTBO
BpeMeHH
Ha
pa3pa6oTKy CTpaTerH'eCKHX nAaHOB.
30.
HpogeAypbi nAaHa rlpHeM.AeMbl H pa3yMHbl.
31.
HIpoUeAypbi xopomo nOHHMaITCH B 6aHKe.
32.
Pa6o'iaR Harpy3Ka,
rapaHTHpyiou;aR BbInoAHeHHe rnAaHa, npHeMAeMa AAR pyKoBoAcTsa
H AAR nepCOHaAa.
33. 34.
HlpoMecc gqXqeKTHBeH B OCy3eCTBAeHHH rAy6oKoro CTpaTerHmecKoro o6AymbiBawHm.
rlpogecc
npeACTaBAReTCH
He
H3AHMUHe
KaK
HerH6KHU,
pyTHHHblH
H
CAHUIKOM
3aqopMaAH30BaHHbIfH. o6blIHo npHBeTCTByIoTCR.
35. HoBbie HAeH
36. PyKoBoAHTeAH
peaAbHO BHART cAa6OcTH 6aHKa npH pa3pa6oTKe
nAaHOB H cTapaarOTc
npeOAOAeTb HX.
37.
OTAeAbi nIoAyqalOT AOCTaTOnHyiO nOMOUlb H noAAepCPlKy OT UeHTpaAbHOrO pyKOBO4CTBa
q4cpeKTHBHOrO nAaHHpOBaHHR
AAR OCygeCTBAeHHR
38.
OTAeAbi flOAy4aIOT IOAAepCKKY
H IlOMOUeb llpH pa3pa6oTKe HAaHOB OT
UeITpaAbHOrO
pyKOBO4CTBa.
39. Crioco6HOCTb
pyKOBOAHTeAeUi
IlOHHMaTb H OCYIeCTBARTb nAaHHPOBaHHe I1pHHHMaeTCH
yqHTb!BaeTcR npH ogeHKe Hx pa6oTbl.
I1pHAo2KeCHe 9
B.
nFpoeKUHOHHaR moAeAb 6anwa
Ta MOAeAb (CM. Ta6AHUy
osepeAb AAR KoMMepCeCKHx OTqeT, qHHaHcoBbli H
o6H3aTeAbcTB
IyBCTBHTeAbHOCTH
2B.1)
paspa6oTaHa AAR (PHHaHCOBbIX HOCPeAHHKOB, B nepByIo 6aHKoB H 6aHKoB pa3BwTHR. OHa nporHo3HpyeT 6aAaHcoBlHi
OTeT, OCHOBHbie CPHHaHcOBbie noKa3aTeAH H BbiRBARL-T CTpyKTypy aKTHBOB B H
npOgeHTax. OUeHHBaTb
OHa
nO3BOAReT
pe3yAbTaT
BAURHHR
pa3AH"IHbIe CUeHapHRx. MOAeAb COCTOHT H3 CAeAyiOIJHX KOMnOHeHTOB:
46
noAb3OBamTAio pasAHqHbix
npOBOAHTb
np0OgeHTHblX
afaA3H CTaBOK
B
nMamoposmmire
*
BaAaHcoBoro oTqeTa.
*
(DHHaHcoBoro oTreTa.
*
OCHOBHbiX q3HHaHCOBbIX noKa3aTeAeH PeS3yAbTaTOB AesTeAbHOCTH. pOprHO3HbIX npeAnoAo2KeHHH.
* 3
B
TblCfMaX,
HAH
MHAAHOHaX
B
BbipaMCHbI
OT'eT
(PHHaHCOBbliH
H
OTTqeT
B aAaHCOBblH
3aBHCHMOCTH OT CTOHMOCTH BaAIOTbl.
Bce
npofleHTbi
npHHOC.Ue
aKTHBbl,
crpynnHPOBaHbi no TeMnaM
H Bce o6H3aTeAbcTBa
pOcTa, a TaKmKe no npOUeHTHOH CTaBKe (3a HCKAJiloeHHCM pe3epBa B rOCyAapCTBeHHbiX 1eHHbiX 6yMarax). Bce aKTHBbI H o6H3aTeAbcTBa, He npHHOCqJ1He npOUCHTOB, HMeyrT COOTBeTCTByIO1JHe
KpeAHTaM,
pe3epBOB Ha nOKpbITHe y6blTKoB no
(3a HCKA1OCHHeM ACHe2KHbIX pe3epBoB,
TeMnbi pOCTa
H pe3epBOB HaAorOBbIX HanHCAeHHH). KOHKpcTHb!M
K
OTHOCHTCH
3aMeiaHHH
CAeAy10IgHe
pa3AeAaM
6aAaHca
H
(pHHaHCoBOrO
OTWeToB, KOTOpbIe OCHOBbIBalOTCH Ha OnpcAcAeHHbIX npeAnOCbIAKaX.
RaAaHcoRbhi OTWeT HaAmHiHbie cpeACTRa pa36HaalOTCa HaAUqHOCTH BTOM
oTpamaeT Tpe6oBaHHJ9 pe3epBOB, KOTOpbie AOA2HbI HMeTb qpOpMy HaAH'IHblX.
6blTb cKoppeKTHPOBaHa peryAHpOBaHH9
KOHKpeTHOM
CTpaHe
H/HAH B
(popMyAa AOA2KHa
cAy'iae,
6aHKe.
KOHKpeTHOM
Ha
Aeno-3TOB.
KaTeropHH
C Tpe6oBaHHIMH
Ha COOTBeTCTByioujyio nponOpUH1o B COOTBeTCTBHH
B KOHKpeTHOU
rocyAapCTBeHHbIX
B Ka2KAoM
BapbHpyeTCH
KamAoH
CyMM
npOgeHTib
onpeAeAeHHbIe
HaXoAFfCrH
cqeTy
IOCKOAbKy BTO Tpe6oBaHHe
6
pe3epBbl
Ha ABa KoMnOHeHTa: CTpOKa, KOTOpaH rAaCHT
To'HO
me,
TaK
'IaCTb
6ymar oTpamaeT pe3epBHbie Tpe6oBaHHR H TOsHO TaK mKe AoA2KHa
MeHHbix
blTb CKOppeKTHpOBaHa B COOTBeTCTBHH C KOHKpeTHbIMH Tpe6oBaHHRMH. Me2K6aHKOBCKne
cpeACTBa
npeACTaBAReT
co6oi
aKTHBOB B 6aAaHcOBOM oTqeTe, ApyrHMH CAOBaMH,
o6asaTeAbcTBa npog,eHTHbIM ocTaBHTb
6e
PeBepBbl
HcnpaBAAH}r
6aHKa" H
KanHTaA
CTaBKaM
TaKoe
BMeCTe.
B3HTbie
H aBTOMaTH'IeCKH
C ApyroH
HepaBHOBeCHe,
3
CTOpOHC
Ha
CTaTbI0
KOrAa aKTHBbi MeHbi1Ie CyMMb! KanirTaAa H
o6H3aTeAbCTB, 3TOT cqeT 6yAeT nloKpbIBaTb pa3HHUy. UeHTpaAbHorO
6aAaHCHpyIOU
TH pa3AeAbI
KoppeKTHpyIOTcH.
3"HMCTBoBaHHR
CTOpOHbl,
KorAa
nlpHBH3aHbI
y
npeBbilal(Or
aKTHBbi
K COOTBeTCTByOjujHM Heo6xoAHMo
CAeAoBaTeAbHo,
HX
npH6aBAeHHe
-IHCTO
H3MeHeHHH.
H eepacllpejeAeHHaH
6 kIpR blAb
OTpa2xaioT
lnpH6blAH
TeKyujero roAa 3a Bbi'eToM Bcex Heo6xoAHMblx noKa3aTeAeH 3a npOuiAbIH roA.
OTqeT o .joxo4ax npogieHTHbIH
AOXOA
-
BTO
CyMMa
BCex
npOgeHToB,
6 3apa oTaHHbtx
no
BCeM
cqeTaM
aRTHBOB, npHHOCRJIHX npOeHTbI. TO%HO TaK me, pacxoA no npoUeHTam npeACTaBAHeT co6o0 6 CyMMy Bcex npOUeHTOB, BbIL1AaxeHHbIx no BCCM O6a3aTeAbCTBaM, no KOTOpbIM HeO xoAHMo ynAaIHBaTb npOgeHT.
PeBepa pacxoAoB OTpamKaeT H3MeHeHHe KpeAHTOB
Sa npoulAbIH
rOA no cpaBHeHHIO
B
cymme pe3epBa
C HbIHeIIIHHM
47
Ha noKpblTHe HeBo3BBpaigeHHbNX
rOAOM
nAIOc
MHCTbie
y6bITKA no
Ympeizueme p7EomoAcrma o5 H onBhIIJeJC KpeAHTaM, o2KHAaembie B Tex'eHHe roAa.
m sore1NNeAhHoc1w Ar zepemeoav
B Haiiiem
npHmepe MbI nOAaraeM,
RiTo qHCThZe y6brrm
PaBHbl HYAJO. HaAorH,
HaqHCAeHHbie
AAI
ynAaTbl,
FCpeACTaBAHIOT
onpeAeAeHHyl'aCTb
RHCTO
npH6bL&H A0 Bbi-eTa HaAorOB. 41BKAeHAbl HaAoroB.
Bbl'IHCAS£IITCSI
PaccqeTbi AeAaK0TCR
KaK Ha
KOHKpeTHbiH
OCHOBaHHH
npoueHT
OnlbiTa
qHCTOfi
BbiflAaTbI
UPH6biAH
AHBHAeHAOB
nlOCAe alK
ylAaTbi
npogeHTa
llpH6blAH B HpeAbiAylgHe rOAbI. C06CTBeHHbIe
cpeACTBa
ripeACTaBeA&T
co6o0i
ynAaTbi HaAOrOB.
48
qaCTb
CYMMbl
'iHCTOHi
IpH6bJH
nOCAe
nlaJsHpooNaHHe
Ta6AHUa 21i.1 KommepqeCKHHi 6aHK "AEiB" KOMI
OHeHT A. nporHo3UpyeMi2H 4JHHaHCOBblH oTqeT Ha 31 qeKa6ps (B MAH. eA.
Hau. BaAFDTbI)
1989
1986
=
1987
=
1988
1990
=
Cymma
%
Cymma
%
CymMa
%
Cymma
%
CyMMa
%
HaAHqHocTm
480
2
520
2
563
2
609
2
658
2
PesepBbl HaAHPHbIX cpeAcTB
710
3
789
3
877
3
975
3
1084
3
Bcero AeHemHbIx CpeACTB
1,190
5
1,309
5
1,440
5
1,584
5
1,742
5
AKTHBbI
re pe,zera
,Jcovel-
MeCM6aJroxace ocrantx oe cqerw
_
_
Ha BHyTpeHHeM pbiHKe
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Ha MemAyHapoAHoM pbIHKe
590
3
620
2
650
2
683
2
717
2
650 72
2 0
683 222
2 1
717 387
2 1
590 0
3 0
620 0
2 0
160
1
176
1
194
1
213
1
234
1
4,720
21
5,247
21
5,834
21
6,487
21
7,214
21
378
2
408
2
441
2
476
2
514
2
4,342
19
4,839
19
5,393
19
6,010
20
6,699
20
4,880
21
5,423
22
6,027
22
6,700
22
7,448
22
CeAbCxOXo3sIHcTBeHHbie
1,441
6
1,585
6
1,743
6
1,917
6
2,109
6
FlpoMbuiAeHHbie
5,102 3,608
22 16
5,867 3,789
23 15
6,747 3,978
24 14
7,759 4,177
25 14
8,923 4,386
26 13
MToro Mem6aHKoBcKHe cpeAcTBa (6amaHcapyioWasu MeM6aHKoBcKHe
___
cTaTbh)
cpeAcTBa,
npHHOCgHlHe AOXOA_ Ip"ArreAMTe.mCNIee
gezfoNe 6ymarlw FIpaBHTeAbcTBeHHbie
genHbie
6yMarH (HHBeCTRUHH) rlpaBHTeAbcTBeHHbie
JeHHble
I
(pe3epsMb)
6ymara
MToro
KpecA, KpeA-Tbl Ha BHyTpeHHeM pb1HKe
OnTOBOH a pO3HHMHOH
I
TOprOBAe
flpo-we Bcero xpeAHTOB Ha
4,535 14,685
BHyTpeHHeM pb1HKe MemmyapomHbie
Bcero
xpeAHmi
KpeAHTbl
Pe3eps Ha noKpbiTHe
4,988 16,228
20 65
5,487 17,955
20 65
6,036 19,889
20 65
6,639 22,057
1.9 65
2 67 3
618 16,846 674
2 67 3
680 18,634 745
2 67 3
747 20,636 825
2 67 3
822 22,879 915
2 67 3
21,964
64
I
562 15,247 586
_
_
y6brrKoB no KpeAHTaM
HeTTo-KpeAHTbl
20 65
14,660
65
16,172
65
49
17,889
65
19,811
64
YxpeiAeaHe py7oKo4cria HaoBIwIeHHH 7CTRHI
KomnoHeeT A. flporH0onpyembli piHnaHeCOBnb (B MAH. ej.
1986 1
234
MHBeCTHgHH B aKgHH
10
0
fIpo4He aKTHBbl
1,030 130 1,400 22,720
5 6 100
10 1,133 137 1,514 25,037
K
npogeHTbI
HToro
Bcero
aKTHBOB
1
OTT1eT Ha 31 AeKa6pu (npo4.)
1988
1989
1
239
1
243
0
0
6 100
10 1,246 143 1,638 27,717
6 100
10 1,371 150 1,774 30,774
6,677 5,029 10,203 21,909
27 20 41 88
7,345 5,632 11,428 24,405
26 20 41 88
8 2
2,051 397
noAy9eHHlO Q3HKCHpOBaHHbie aKTHBbl
K nepeMeEaa
DaAIOTbl)
' 1987
230
HaHcjAeHmbie
Hag.
ocT
5
1
1990 1
247
1
0
0
6 100
10 1,508 158 1,924 34,181
8,079 6,308 12,799 27,186
26 20 42 88
8,887 7,065 14,335 30,287
26 21 42 89
7 1
2,153 417
7 1
2,261 438
7 1
0
0
0
0
0
4
1
4
0
4
0 6 100
OB5I3ATEAbCTBA ,Jezre3,nw
Ao
6,070 4,490
Cpo'Hbie
9,110
Bcero Acno3HToB
19,670
27 20 40 87
1,860 360
8 2
O
0
1,953 378 77
2,220
10
2,408
10
2,448
9
2,570
8
2,698
8
CHeTa K orAaTe
220
1
242
1
266
1
293
1
322
1
llpo'iHe o6R3aTeAbcTBa
220 280 720 22,610
1 1 3 100
242 84 568 24,885
1 0 2 99
266 119 651 27,503
1 0 2 99
293 145 731 30,487
1 0 2 99
322 175 819 33,805
1 1 2 99
H
40 70
0 0
40 113
0 0
40 173
0 1
40 247
0 1
40 337
0 1
110 22,720
0
H
153 25,037
1 100
213 27,717
1 100
287 30,774
1 100
377 34,181
1 100
BocTpe6oBaHHs
C6eperaTeAbHble
Me 6a"xoajcxe 3*JMCTDODaHAM
Ha BHyTpeHHeM pbIHKe Ha MeMAyHapoAHoM pbIHKe 3 auMbl y jeHTpaAbHoro 6aHKa CTaTbh
0
0
(6aAamcHpypoWaaR )
Bcero
Me2K6aHKoBcrCHx
3aHMCTBoBaHHH_
HaAoriH, K BbfInAaTe
HToro Bcero o6R3aTeAbCTB
KAIHITAA AKgHOHepHbIH KanHTaA Pe3epabl HepacnpeAeAeHHaR npH6blAb
Bcero KanHTaA Bcero KanHTaAa
o6R3aTeAbCTB
100
I
50
I
I
_
FLaa,,qpomawiNe KOMHOHeHT
B. nIpOrHosHpyeMbIe
AexiapagUH 0 AOXoAax Ha 31 AeKa6ps
|
1986
_
1987 |
CyMma
%
CyMMa
%
1988 | | 1989 | CyMma % Cymma %
Cymma
%
2,060 1,530 530
9 7 2
2,570 2,061 509
10 8 2
2,853 2,287 566
10 8 2
3,177 2,547 629
10 8 2
3,539 2,838 700
10 8 2
0 530
87
0
72
0
80
0
90
0
2
421
2
494
2
549
2
611
2
190 80 800
1 0 4
209 83 714
1 0 3
230 87 811
1 0 3
253 90 892
1 0 3
278 94 983
1 0 3
e PACXOAM OffepWNoPacxoAbI Ha nepcoHaA npo'iHe pacxoAbi
370
389
573
602
1 1 2
450
546
1 1 2
428
520
2 1 2
408
MIToro onepaJHoHHbie paCXOAbl
2 1 2
632
1 1 2
Ao
280
1
168
1
238
1
290
1
350
1
HaAorm, noAAemcauHe ynAaTe HeTTo-npH6blAb nocAe yiAaaTbl
220
1
119 119
0
145 145
0
0
84 84
0
60
175 175
0 1
50 10
0 0 0
29 9
0 0 0
42 21
0 0 0
51 39
0 0 0
61 68
0 0 0
floAyeHmbii 6pyTTo-npoUeHT
MEmyC
pacxoAbl no npoieHTam
Herro-npogeHTHbli
AOXOA
PacxoAbl no cosAaHmo peBepBOB
Hewro-npoUeHTHbli
AoxoA nocAe
1990 |
peSepBoB KOMHCCHH H BO13HarpamAeHH FIpOlie kIToro
AoxoAbl
onepaIHOHHbIH AoXOA
OnepagHoHHbii
AoXOA
150
158
165
174
182
Ha AOrIOB
0
0
0
HaAOrOB
MmN, CAHBHAeHAbI MNNYlnpHo6peTeHHm Bcero
pesepBibix
eoHAoB
0
43
51
61
74
89
YRpeMAemme pywoBoxCea N HomIjeHCff VyI7CTNTeAbHOCoN K HepeMeHaw
KOMHOHeHT
B.
OCHOBHbie nOxCaBaTeAH PeBYAbTaTOB tPHHaHCoBoH AeuTeAbHOCTH
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
0.48% 0.04%
0.61%
0.77%
0.93%
1.10%
0.04%
0.04%
0.03%
0.03%
AHKBHAHbie aXTHBbl/,4eno3HTbi
33.86%
33.55%
33.56%
33.99%
KpeAHTmI/Aeno3HMI
77.51%
76.89%
76.36%
33.80% 75.91%
75.54%
Aeno3HTbl A0 HOcTpe6OBaHHx/Bcero o6R3aTeAbCTB
26.85%
26.83%
26.70%
26.50%
26.29%
Bcero AenosHrOB/Bcero
87.00%
88.04%
88.73%
89.17%
89.59%
3.85%
4.00%
4.00%
4.00%
4.00%
Herro npoUeIiasg Map2Ka/Bcero aKTHBoB (cp.)
2.33%
2.13%
2.15%
2.15%
2.16%
Herro
2.33%
1.76%
1.87%
1.88%
1.88%
0.26% 54.55% 2.29% 1.63% 1.19%
0.35% 63.78% 2.29% 1.63% 1.17%
0.45% 64.91% 2.17% 1.55% 1.14%
0.50% 57.99% 2.06% 1.46% 1.11%
0.51% 52.78% 1.95% 1.38% 1.09%
0.00%
0.35%
0.26%
0.26%
0.26%
10.49% 11.38%
10.62% 11.39%
10.87% 11.41%
10.00% 5.00% 39.66%
10.00% 5.00% 41.77%
10.74% 11.40% 10.00%
,4OCTATOVHOCTb KAJJIHTAlA KarrHTaA/cpeAHHii ypoBelmb axTHhoB O6WHe
(cp.)
BAomeHHR B axUHH/KanHTaA
AHKBIH-JOCTb
0HMHAHCHPOBAHHE o6z3aTeAbCTB
KA YECTBO AKTHBOB Pe3epB
Ha nOTepH
no ccyAaM/Bcero ccyA
PesepB Ha noTepC no ccyAaM/HeAeHcTByIOIJHe
CCyAbI
CcyAbi He npHHoCRlWHe npH6blAb/BCerO ccyA
,4OXO,4HOCTb npo5eHTHaR
mapma
tIOCAe
CO3AHHR
pe3epsoB/Bcero axTHBOB (Cp.)
AoxoA Ha cpeAHHe aKTHBbl AOxoA Ha KanHTaA (cp.) Onepa4HOHHbie pacxoabui/Bcero aKTHBoB (Cp.)
3aTpaTml Ha nepcoHaA/Bcero Bcero
aKTHBoB(cp.)
npo'mx AoxoAo3/Bcero
PacxoAbl
no pe3epBam/Bcero
arTHBOB aKTHEOB
170OIA3A TE H POCTA CCYAbI Aeno3HTbl KOMHCCHOHHbIH AOXOA H
Bo3HarpamAeHHR
OnepaxHoHHbhe pacxoAbi Herro AOxOA
noCAe HaAOrOB
52
5.00% 22.19%
10.00% 5.00% 20.71%
naoNposaoNe
KOMnOHeHT
IIPHH ITb.e npH
r. 4onHy eHS,
nporKoBe
(B npOUeHTaX)
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
5.00%
5.00%
5.00%
5.00%
5.00%
5.00% 2.00%
5.00% 2.00%
5.00% 2.00%
5.00% 2.00%
5.00% 2.00%
BHyTpeHHeM PbIHKe
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%/o
10.00%
10.00%
MemAyHapoAHOM pbIHKe
5.00%
5.00%
5.00%
5.00%
5.00%
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
20.00%
20.00%
20.00%
20.00%
20.00%
TEMIbl POCTA AKTHBOB AeHemHbie CpeAcTBa Tpe6oBaHIM K pe3epBaM AeHl2eHb1X CpeACTB Heo6XoAHMbIim npoUeHT AellOHT0B Ao BOCTpe6OBaHH[
Heo6xoAHMbIi
% c6eperaTeAblIblX AenO3HTOB
Heo6xoAHMblxi
% CpOiHbIX Aeno3HToB
MEMB'AHKOBCKHE OCTA 77(11fO CYETAM Ha Ha
rIpHHOCSHujHe
AOXOA Me2K6aHKoBcKHe %
rIpaBHTeAbCTBeHHble geHHbie 6yMarH
TPEBOBAHHHl K PE3EPBAM rPABRHEAIbCTBEHHbX IJEHHbIX RYMAr Heo6xoAHMblH
nIpoIeHTOB Ae4l03HTOB A0 BOCTpe6oBaHHH
0
23.00%
23.00%
23.00 /o
23.00%
23.00%
23.00%/o
23.00%
23.00%
23.00%
23.00%
BHYTpeHHHC
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
CeAbclOe X03RqHCTBO
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
flpoMbliAeHHocTb
15.00%
OrroTaaR Flpo4He
5.00% 10.00%
15.000% 5.00% 10.00%
15.00% 5.00% 10.00%
15.00% 5.00% 10.00%
15.00% 5.00% 10.00%
MemAyHapoAHbie
10.00%
10.00%
10 .00 %
10.00%a
10.00%
Peseps Ha noKpbITHe y6blTKoB no ceyAaM/Bcero KpeAHToB
4.00%
4.00%
4.00%
4.00%
4.00%
HamHcAeHHbie flpOeHTbl K noAyMeHHIO
1.57%
1.85%
1 .85%
1.85%
1.85%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
10.000/a
10.00%
5.00%
Heo6xoAHMbbii npoUeHToB c6eperaTeAbHbIX Aeno3HToB Heo6xoAHMbIi
T ripogef0
CpOHblX Aeno3HTOB
KPE4HThJ H BEKCEAJ
H pOSHH'IHaR TOprOOBAR
BAO2KeHHS
B aKiHH
Flpo4He aKTHBbl
5.00%
5.00%
5.00%
5.00%
10.00% 12.00% 12.00%
10.00% 12.00% 12.00%
10.00% 12.00% 12.00%
10.00% 12.00% 12.00%
10.00% 12.00% 12.00%
Ha BHyTpeHHeM pbhHKe
5.00%
5.00%/o
5.00%
5.00%
Ha
5.00%
5.00%
5.00%
5.00%
5.00% 5.00%
(qHKCHpOBaHHbie aKTHBbl
TEMibl POCTA 01fl3ATEAlbCTB Aeno_3HTbi
Ao BOcTpe6OBaHHM
C6eperaTeAbHbie Cpo9ibie
MEMSAHKOBCKHE 3AHMCTBOBAHHJ Me2KAyHapoAHoM pbIHKe
53
Yxpe,lAejwe pJWo mo4'crTa m ilomBIlemmLs qyBcrTBAreA.bNocTo
KOMNOneHT
r.
aoKIyqeHRR,
icaepemeHam
npHHITbIe npM npOrHOBe (npOA.)
(B npogeHTax)
1986
1987
K oruaTe
10.00%
Flpo9He o6x3aTeAbcTBa
1988
1989
1990
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
[IpHHocnujHe AOXOA MeeK6aHKoBcKHe
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
llpanHTeAbcTBeHHbie geHHbIe 6ymarH
9.00%
8.00%
8.00%
8.00%
8.00%
8.00%
8.00%
10.00%
10.00%
CqeTa
J47HTAA AKUqoHepHblH KanHTaA HepacupeAeAeHHasI
npH6blAb
4JO17Yl,fEHJ 07YETA 0 ,4OXOAX= flpoeHTHasi CTaBKxa no aKTHBaM, 17pHHOlC1HM AOXOA
IlpaBe.uAbcTmeHHbie
6yMarH (Pe3eps)
9.00%
8.00%
10.00%
10.00%
8.00% 10.00%
_
______
14.00%
14.00%
14.00%
14.00%
IlpombzimAeHuocTm
14.00%
11.00%
13.00%
13.00%
13.00%
13.00%
OnToBa1 H po03HmHaR ToproBAA
16.00%
Ilpo'He CpeAHeBsBemeHHaR cTaBKa
12.80% 13.11%
16.00% 10.80% 13.19%
16.00% 10.80% 13.19%
16.00% 10.80% 13.19%
MemAyHapoAHble
16.00% 10.80% 13.19%
14.00%
14.00%
14.00%
14.00%
14.00%
A째 BocTpe6oBaHHn
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
C6eperaTeAbHbie
0.00%
9.25% 13.70%
9.25% 13.70%
9.25% 13.70%
9.25% 13.70%
9.25% 13.70%
12.23%
12.23%
12.23%
12.23%
12.23%
BnyTpeHHHe
8.00%
MemAyHapoAHbie (LIBOR)
8.00%
8.00%
8.00%
8.00%
9.11%
9.11%
9.11%
jeHTpaAbHbIA 6814K
9.11%
9.11%
9.00%
9.00%
9.00%
9.00%
9.00%
12.09% 11.66% 0.43%
11.90% 11.69% 0.21
11.90% 11.72% 0.17
11.89% 11.75% 0.14
11.89% 11.78% 0.11
0
0
0
0
10.00% 4.00%
10.00% 4.00%
10.00% 4.00%
10.00% 4.00%
Mem6aHKoBCKHe cpeAcTBa (BaAaHcHp.cTaTbn)
HPOfJEHTHblECTABKH 110 KPFEHTAM BHyTpeHHHe KpeAHTbl CeAbcKoe
X0o3RHCTBO
17POJEHTHAHCTABKA 170 05iS3A TEAbCTBAM nDpouemwaz cTaBKa no AenO3HTaM
Cpo,umie BsBeueHHaa
npojeHTHaA cTaBKa
MEMWRAHKOBCKHE 3AklMCTBOBAHJJ (7POUEHTHAH CTABKA)
AOXOA
no aKTHBaM, IIpHHOCflWHM AOXOA
PacxoAbi no o6II3aTeAbcTBaM 'HCTbliH
cnpeA
Herro-narepH no KpeAHTaM KomHCCHH H BoaHarpamAeHHR
[Ipo'Hfi
AoxoA
(TeMnbl pocTa)
(TeMnbI pocTa)
54
10.00% 4.00%
]LawipoMiNe
KoiuoHeHT
r.
aonyIIeHH,
lpIHHTbie llpH upOrHOBe (npoA.)
(B upoUeHTax)
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
FlepcoHaA
5.00%
5.00%
5.00%
5.00%
5.00%
flpo0He pacxoAbi
5.GO%
5.00%
5.00%
5.00%
5.00%
CTaBaKa
78.57%
50.00% 35.00% 14.00%
50.00%
50.00%
50.00%
35.00%
35.00% 14.00%
35.00%
OHEPAJlHOHHIIE PACXO,4b POCTA)
(TEMIl7I
HaAoroo6AoWemHJ[
oloKasaTeAb BbJmaThl AHBHAeCAoB
83.33%
IOKaSaaTeAb CooTBeTCTBHI
16.67%
55
14.00%
14.00%
YWpeizieHHe py,oAoagcT8a H uoBrzIeHCwNr 8yBCT8IefgAbHoCTH Kr mepememam CeAbCKOX0.3HiCTBeHHbJM MaAbiM
H
HHCTHTyTaM
npeAnpHRTHRM, 4MepmepaM
npojgecce
yrfpaBAeHHH
pa3BHTHM.
H ApyrHM
MaAbIM
KpeAHTHbIMH
rlpeAOcTaBASflOl4He
HHCTHTyTbl,
KpeAHTbi
3aeMJIHKaM, HMeiOr CBOH oco6eHHocTH B npHMeHHIOT CBOH co6cTBeHHble MeTOAbl,
PHCKaMH H KoTOpbIe 3AeCb nOAHOCTbIO paCCMaTPHBaTbC$I He 6yAyr.28 IPHHR'He
PHCKOB
-
OCHOBa
6aHKoBcKoro
AeAa.
BIaHKH
HMelOT
ycnex
TOrAa,
KorAa
npHHHMaeMbie HMH PHCKH pa3yMHbl, KOHTPOAHPYeMbl H HaXOAHTCH B npeAeAaX HX (jHHaHCOBblX BO3MO2KHOCTeH
H KoMneTeHgHH. AKTHBbI, B OCHOBHOM KpeAHTbi, AOA2KHbI 6blTb AoCTaTOSHO AAH Toro, 'iTo 6 bi nOKpblTb Aio6oH OTTOK CpeACTB, PaCXOAbl H y6bITKH H npH aTOM o6ecnewHTb npueMAeMbiH AA4 aKIIHOHepOB pa3Mep npH6bIAH. AOCTH2KeHHe BTHX geAei Ae2KHT B OCHOBe nOAHTHKH 6aHKa no npHHRTHIO pHCKOB H yripaBAeHHI0 HMH. BHe 6aHKa KaKc HHCTHTYTa, xopoumee KlpeAHTHOC ynpaBAeHHe o6ecneMHBaeT AOCTH2KeHHe lseAeHi HagHOHaAbHOH nOAwrHKH, a HMeHHo: B4XpeKTHBHoe pacnpeAeAeHHe orpaHHqeHHbIx qHHaHcOBb1X pecypcoB C MeAb1o AHKBHAHbl
yCKOpeHHR BKOHOMHmeCKOrO pOCTa H MHHHMH3a!HH y6blTKoB AAH 8KOHOMHKH. YnpaBAeHHe
KpeAHTHbIM PHCKOM nOAy'HAO
B COBpeMeHHOH rIOAHTHKe oco6Oe BHHMaHHe. 6aHKOB, IPOBOAHMbie BO MHOrHX CTpaHaX, cBH3aHbl C cepbi3Hb1MH AOA2KHbI COBepwleHCTBOBaTb ynpaBAeHHe pHCKOM AAH npeAOTBpauCHHH
IpOrpaMMbi
nepeCTpOHIKH
pacxoAaMH.
BaHKH
nOBTOPHOrO
yxyAI11eHHH
Ka4eCTBa aKTHBOB. KpoMe peqOpMbl, npOHCXOAH$UHe B CTpaHaX COgHaAHCTHmeeCKOH rocyAapcTBa
B
6aHKoBcKoM
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb
6aHKoB.
AeAe
npeAnoAaraJoT
OmHAaeTCH,
MTO
BO
Toro,
BKOHOMHKH,
6oAbInylo
MHOrHX
qHHaHCOBaR
AH6epaAHsaUHR,
H coKpaigaioujaACH pOAb
aBTOHOMHIO
CHcTeMax
6aHKH
H
(PHHaHCOByIO
6
yAyT BbmIOAHSITb HOBYJO pOAb, X KOTOPOH OHH He rOTOBbl, a HMeHHO: cnoco6cTBoBaTb BHeApeHHIO (HHaHCOBOH AHCIHnAHHbI B ceRTOpe npeAnpHRTHH inyTeM pa3yMHoro H B3BeUleHHOrO rpeAOCTaBAeHHH KpeAHTOB. B MeAOM BCH nOAHTHKa B HaCTO.Rujee BpeMH Tpe6yeT 3Ha'iHTeAbHOro pacuHpeHHH o6beMa
HaBbIKOB
ynpaBAeHHH
xpeAHTaMH,
paspa6OTKH
MeTOAHKH
H
npogeAyp
ee
oCyUeCTBAeHHH.
TPY,4HOCTH YIPABAEHHR KPEAUTHbIM PHCKOM B PA3BHBAIOUHXCR PbIHKAX rlepeA
6aHKaMH B pa3BHBaiJoAHXCH pbIHKaX CTOHT cepbeSHbie TPYAHOCTH B AeAe ynpaBAeHHR KpeAHTHbIM PHCKOM. KOHrpOAb CO CTOpOHbl npaBHTeAbCTBa, AaBAeHHe BHYTPeHHHX H BHeWUHHX o6cToRTeAbCTB nOAHTHmeCKOro xapaKTepa, TPYAHOCTH npOH3BOACTBa, CPHHaHCOBbie orpaHHqeHHH, c6oH pbIHKa, CpbIBbl nPOH3BOACTBeHHbIX rpaPHKOB H rIAaHOB H xiaCTble cHTyaIHH
28
OAHH H3 HaH6oAee
HccAeAoBaHJa
noxKasbIBalOT,
HHTepecHbix
MeToAoB
iTO nporpaMMbl
-
STO AOAeBoe
AoAeBoro
rpynnax,
KpeAHToBaHHe
KpeAHToBaHHR
H KpeAHTHbie
ycneuiHo nIpHMeHRAHcb
KoonepaTHBbl. B OAHOpOAHbIX
'IAeHbl KOTOpbIX HecyT paBHyiO OTBeTCTBeHHOcTh sa HapyLueaae yCAOBHH noramueHHJ KpeAHTa. IlpacTHKa oTKasa B rIpeAocTaoAeHHH xpeAHTa BceM 'iAeHaM rpynllbl, B cAy4ae HapylnIeHHa OAHHM HS3 'AeHOB yCAOBHH norameHas, ABAReTCR CaMbiM 94Xp)eKTHBHbIM H CaMbiM HeAoporHM cnoco6 o M o6ecne'ieHaH KOAAeKTHBHOH OTBeTcTBeHHOCTH 3a HapyuleHHe yCAOBHH AOrOBopa. 4pyrHM cnoco6oM 3acTaBHTb 'LeHOB rpynrlbi noraluaTb saAoAmeKHHOCTb nBAReTCI Tpe6oBaHHe o6E3aTeAbHbIX AenosHToB, KOTopbIe MOryT BbhAaBaTbCR HX BAaAeAbIaM TOAbKO nocAe noranieHaR BCeMH SaeMU HKBM CBOHX 4OArOBbIX o6n3aTeAbcTB. TpyAH째ocTH c OAeBbIM KpeAHTOBaHHeM BO3HHKalOT Ha CTaAHH HCIIOAHeHHR H He HOCSKT npHHgHnHaAbHOrO xapaKTepa (rynria H (l)eAep,
1990,
a raKcKe
(poHa-aIIKe
1991).
58
IMN poreN awm
YmpaaAeHae JrPe.4N
HecTa6HAbHocTH 3aeMuMHKOB.
CTpyKTypa MHorHx
BoAee
AoAra.
norameHHuo
no
Bo H
CAa6oCTbIO
BHyTpeHHei
yCHAHBalOTCH
xapaKTepa
BHeC1Hero
TPYAHOCTH
CTPaHaX
o6R3aTeAbcTB
BbInOAHeHHEO
cnoco6cTByeT
He
'faCTO
npaBoBaH
HeHaAe2KHOH,
RBAReTCS
tiaCTO
HHpOMaUHR
qpHHaHCOBaH
Toro,
nOAO2KeHHe
qHHaHcoBoe
nOApblBaiOT
npOH3BOACTBa
H
6Hx3Heca
cepe
B
COnpOBO2KAalOTCR AaAbHeHIIIHM YXYAuIeHHeM Ka'eCTBa aKTHBOB. pbIHKOB
pa3BHBa[O0JAHXCH
BaHKH
npojeccom
CpeAH
pHCKOM.
KpeAHTHbIM
ynpaBAeHHH
HaAe2KHo
pacnoAaraioT
He
3a4aCTyIO
'faCTO
HaH6oAee
pa3pa6OTaHHbiM
scTpe'lalOaJHXcR
HeAOCTaTKOB MO2KHO OTMeTHTb CAeAyIO_gHe: B BHAe AoKyMeHTa H3AomeHHH roAHTHKH;
*
OTCYTCTBHe nHCbMeHHO 3a(HKCHPOBaHHorO
*
OTCyTCTBHe orpaHHmeHHH
*
H3AHHIHRH
*
nAOXOH aHaAH3 KpeAHTyeMoH OTpaCAH;
*
nOBepXHOCTHbIH (PHHaHCOBblH aHaAH3 3aeMI1HKOB;
*
3aBblueHHaR CTOHMOCTb 3aAora;
*
HeAOCTaTO'IHO 'aCTbIe
*
HeAoCTaTO'IHbie
B OTHOiueHHH KOHUeHTpaUHH nOpTe; KpeAHTHOrO pyKOBOACTBa;
HTPaAH3agHR HAH AeMeHTpaAH.3aMH
KOHTaKTbi C KAHeHTOM; c6aAaHcHpoBaHHocTH
OTCYTCTBHe
H
npOBePKH
npoUecce
B
KpeAHTOBaHHI; *
OTCYTCTBHe KOHTpOAR HaA 3aHMaMH;
*
Hecnoco6HocTb
K
CTOHMOCTH
yBeAHxieHHIO
no
3aAora
mepe
yxyAieHHR
KaqecTBa
KpeAHTOB;
* *
rAoxoH KOHTPOAb 3a AoKyMeHTHPOBaHHeM 3aHMoB; ipe3MepHoe
HCnOAb3OBaHHe 3aeMHbWX CpeACTB;
*
HenOAHaH KpeAHTHaR AoKyMeHTaUHR;
*
OTCyTCTBHe
KAaccH(HKaUHH aKTHBOB
H CTaHAaPTOB
npH qOPMHPOBaHHH
Ha
pe3ePBOB
noKpblTHe y6blTKOB no KpeAHTaM; *
HeyMeHHe a8qeKTHBHO KOHTPOAHPOBaTb H ayAHPOBaTb KpeAHTHbIH npogecc.
3TH HeAOCTaTKH BbIAHBalOTCH KOHgeHTpailH1O
KpeAHToB,
B cAa6ocTb
npeAocTaBACeMbix
KpeAHTHoro OAHOH
B
, BKAIO'qaR
nOpT
OTpaCAH
6oAbmHe nOpTqeAH Hepa6oTalou4Hx KpeAHTOB, y6blTKH no KpeAHTaM,
HAH
'pe5MepHyio XO3RfiCTBa,
ceKTope
HenAaTemecnoco6HocTb
H
HeAHKBHAHOCTb.
He
Bbl3bIBaeT COMHeHHH,
'ITO Ha MHorHX pbIHKax 6aHKaM
BKOHOMH'HeCKHX yCAOBHHX, KOTOpbie xapaKTepH3Y!OTCR
Kax'eCTBeHHoro
ynpaBAeHnR
KpeAHTaMH,
'ITO
npHXOAHTC
AeCHCTBOBaTb B TaKHx
HaAHqHeM o6beKTHBHbIx TPYAHOCTeC
AHIIHHH
pa3
cBHAeTeAbCTByeT
O
AAR
Ba2KHocTH
ycHAeHHH TaKoro ynpaBAeHHH.
KPEXIHHASI IOAHTHKA: OCHOBHbIE nOAO1KEHHR H IrPOUEaYPbI
KpeCr4mam J7OATNrT KpeAHTrrHas Pa3pa6oTaHHas
noAHTHKa
a co3AaeT
OCHOBy
H nHCbMeHHO 3gaHKCHpOBaHHaR
Bcero
npoUecca
KpeAHTHaR nOAHTHKa
59
ynpaBAeHHR
KpeAHTaMH.
HBAHeTCR KpaeyrOAbHbZM
Yjrpeniemme
py,oBoJc7Ta m IIoBmiIIeHmJ7 vIBcTBreAbocTN
KaMHeM pay3MHoro ynpaBAeHsH napaMeTpbl,
KpeAHTaMH. IoAHTHKa onpeAeAHeT o60beKTHBHbie cTaHAapTbh
KOTOpbIMH AOAmHbi
npeAoCTaBAeHHe
m mepememam
PYKOBOACTBOBaTbcH
H opOpMAeHMe
6aHKoBcKHe pa6oTHHKH,
3afMOB H ynpaBAeHHe
HMH.
onpeAeABeT
IOAHTHKa
H
oTBemaioNjHe
3a
ocHoBy
Ae4CTBHH COBeTa AHpeKToPOB, 3aKOHOAaTeAH 8 AHU, nPHHHMaiouHX cTpaTerHtecK8e peleHHR,
a
TaRme rIpeOCTaBAHeT
KaqecTBo
BO3MO2KHOCTb BHellHHM H BHyTpeHHHM ayAHTOpaM OgeHHTb CT&IeHb H B 6aHKe. KorAa KpeqHTHaH nOAHTHKa ccpopMyAHpoBaHa
ynpaBAeHHR
npaBHAbHO,
riosBoAAeT
'eTKO
KPUAHTaMH
npOBOAHTCH
CBePXY H xopoiuo
nOHHMaeTCH
PYKOBOACTBy 6aHKa noAAepmHBaTb npaBHAbHbie
s36eraTb
H3AH1IIHerO
pHCKa
OCYI2eCTBASBOJgHe saAOKyMeHTHPOBaHHaR npaBHAbHOrO
H
KOHTpOAb
sa
nOAHTHKa
KPCAHTHbIM
cTpaHax,
O4leHHBaTb pa6oToA
KpeAHTHaH
yripBAAHHH
COUHaAHCTH'eCKHX
BepHO
B
BO3MO2KHOCTH 6aHKoB,
6aHKa
B
pHCKoM.
HaXOARJIHXCSJ
Ha BCeX ypoBHHx
pa3BHTHH
CqHTalOT,
RBAAeTCR
AH\8a,
AeAa.
ITO
pa3yMHaR
ocHoBonoAaraoujeii
pa3BHBaBoU HXCR
nepexOAHOM
oHa
6aHKa,
CTaHAapTbl B o6AacTH KpeAHToB,
nepHOAe,
cTpaHax,
a
rAe KpeAHTHaR
AAR
TaKme
B
rIOAHTHKa
macTo HCXOAHT
OT ()HHaHCOBbIX BAaCTeH, 6aHKH He npHAep2HBalOTCH qeTKHX KpHTepHeB B KpeAHTHo01nOAHTHKe H He cTpeMHTcR pa3pa6aTblBaTb HX caMH. Ho mepe Toro KaK roCyAapCTBO YXOAHT C (pHHaHCOBbIX pbIHKOB, 6aHKaM Heo6xOAHMo CaMHM 6oAee aKTHBHO pa3pa6aTbiBaTb BHyTpeHHOIOE
rIOAHTHKY pa3BHTHH.
3
a'ieM HY2KHa nOAHTHKa? OCHoBHoe ee Ha3HasieHHe B 6aHKe, HMeH OH XOTb ABa, XOTb 25 TbICR'4 COTPYAHHKOB - aTO o6ecneneHHe nOCAeAoBaTeAbHOCTH AeHCTBHH H co6AioAeHHR HaAeC2HOCTH H 'IeTKOCTH rIOAo?KHTeAbHOH npaKTHKH B pa6oTe. IOAHTHKa AOA2KHa 6blTb
OAHHaKoBoH
AAH
rIpHXOAHTCH
CAbIl11aTb
BCeX
- OT camoro 0
npaBHAo,
BbIpa6oTaHHoe
npHHRTHe
pelmeHHHi.
8AbTepHaTHBHbIX 3
MeAKOrO COTPYAHHKa Ao
InOAHTHKe AAR
npOAyMbiBaHHH
npHHRTHq
lpoAyMbliBaHHe
KypCOB
4eHCTBHH,
BCeX
3apaHee",
pewleHHA.
nOAHTHKH
npe3HAeHTa 6aHKa. HHorAa
3apaHee
HO
aTO
Bcero
IpeAOCTaBAeHHe o3Ha-iaeT
AHllib
3aHMoB
coKpaIjeHHe
o6ugee
OsHa'iaeT
BO3Mo2mHbix
YflPOIACeHHe
H YCKOpeHHe npogecca IpHH THS peuIeHHH. FIOAHTHKa BHOCHT CBOIO AenTy B o6n4HH ycnex 6aHKa B nepByio o'iepeAb 3a noAAepKHBsaeT KyAbTypy 6bicTpb;x peileHHH rio KpeAHTaM.
ApaBaH Pa3yMHa3S
CqeT TOrO, 'TO
qLTO
TaKoe nOAHTHKa? CAoBapb Be6cTepa TpaKTyeT ee KaK
npHAep2KHBaeTCH
rpaBHTeAbCTBO,
xapaKTeps3yeT KaK npOUeAypaMH". rAe
npHHUHHnbl
B3BeCiueHHOCTb
opraHH3agHsi, cy2KAeHmHH
ycTaHOBAeHHblH KypC, KOTopOro
y'ipe2KAeHHe
B ynpaBAeHHH
HAH
AeAaMH
FIOAHTHKa - STO cnoco6 BbinOAHeHHH nOCAeAoBaTTAbHO HpeACTaBAIIOT
co60s
OCHOBy
OnpeAeAeHHH
'IaCTHOe H
H3MaHRIigHXCR "Ba2HO
He
CO'eTaHHRX
TOAbKO,
HBAeTCR
pe3yAbTaToM
q)aKTOpOB
cMo2KeTe
Bbl
H yCAOBHii.
npeOAOAeTb
npHMeHeHHH5 HoAe3Ho
TPYAHOCTH
3ApaBbIX
jeAa
H
HllHPOKOrO cneKTpa
npHHUHHnOB
B
BCnOMHHTb
COBeT Y.4epqHAAA:
2KH3HeHHoro
'iTO
rryTH, BamHee, npeOAOAeB aTH TpyAHOcTH, BbI cMOmeTe npOAOA2KaTb ABH2KeHHe B TOM 2Ke HanpaBAeHHH OcHoBHoe coAep2KaHHe H pOAb 6aHKoBcKoro
H
CBH3aHHblx AeHCTBHH,
ee OcyLgeCTBAeHHA. KpeAHTHaE nOAHTHKa - 8TO AHlUb OAHa rpaHb nOAHTHKH, npOBOAHMOH 6aHKoM B ero AeHTeAbHOCTH. nOAHTHKa
AH;O
yynpaBAeHHe
COOTBeTCTByIOigeH inOAHTHKH
cnoco6o0
Xopoiua.q
KaK
- aTo o6ecne'HTb c6op H HaAe2KHOCTb AenO3HTOB H yMeAO CCyAHTb aTH CpeACTBa Ha OCHOBeC pa3yMHOfi nOAHTHKH. Bce ApyrHe ycAyrH HBARIOTCR BCnomoraTeAbHbIMH H BTOpH4HbIMH. B 6aHKe BcerAa AOA2KHO HMeTbCR B HaAHqHH
60
Ympaaiewre Epe'NTMbMN
pNCKaXMH
2KeAaioujHx H3bHTb HX, H AOCTaTO4HO CpeACTB AAR yAOBAeTBOpeHHH Tpe6oBaHHH BKAaA%HKOB, BKAaAqHKH H npeAeAax. H HMH B pa3yMHbIX BocnOAb3OBaTbC5[ meAaHHH 3aeMICJHKOB
H
COXpaHSIOTCS
HCXOAUT
opraHbl
perYAHPYIOJHe
AHBepCHCPHKaUHH
pHCKa.
H IYTO
6aHKoM
npeAoCTaBAeHHoro
pHCK,
6bITb
A0A2KeH
KpeAHTa,
RBA.IeTCR
KOTOpblH
B
BAO2KeHHbie
WTO
Heo6xOAHMOMy
6AaroAapR
HaAHqHH
B
HMelOTCH
npeAnOAO2KeHHS,
H3
YPOBHIO
cpeAcTBa
6aHK
AHKBHAHOCTH
BCAIKOrO
'IaCTbIO
OpraHHqHHOH
AIqgHOHepbi,
MHHHMaAbHbIM.
H
T.e.
nOAy'eHHe npH6blAH, KoTopaM, c BAaAeAbgbi 6aHKa cqHTalOT, WTO 6aHK AOAmeH o6ecne'IHBaTb CTHMyAHpOBaHHR H npHBAeqeHHH TO'IKH 3peHHH 6aHKa, AOA2KHa 6blTb AOCTaTOmHOH AAR AOCTaTO4HOrO npHTOKCa KanHTaAa. qBAReTcH 1eHTpaAbHOH B Oco6an POAb KoMMep'ieCKHx 6aHKoB B npeAOCTaBAeHHH KpeAHTOB TOM, 'To6bl pelaTb, IKOMy MO2KHO 6aHKoBCKHX onepagHHx. Pa6oTa 6aHKHpa 3aKAio'aeTcH B 3 Ta (pyHKUHR 6aHKOB npeACTaBAReT co6o0i KpaHiHe BaMHblH H AOBePHTb AeHbrH BKAaAqHKOB. AeBePa2K B CTPYKType 'ipe3Bbi'aHHO 'IyBCTBHTeAbHbIH npogecc, KOTOpblH CHAbHO yBeAH4HBaeT nlpeAOCTaBAITb, a KaKHe HeT, i,anwHTaAa. BaHK AOA2KeH OnlpeAeAHTb, KaKHe KpeAHTbI OH 6yAeT KOMY OH 6yAeT npeAOCTaBARTb CKOAbKO KpeAHTOB Ka2KAorO THna OH 6yAeT npeAOCTaBA9Tb, npeAoCTaBArTbcR. ECTb OICHb KpeAHTbl H npH KaKHX o6CTOSITeAbCTBax aTH KpeAHTbl 6yAyT 6 blCTpOTOH TaKoH AerCOCTbMO H MaAo ApyrHX OTpaCAeH 6H3Heca, B KOTOpbIX MO0KHO C Bce aTH BamHbie pemeHHH oKa3aTbCR B Ts2KeAOH CHTyaUHH. PHCK HeAb3H HrHOpHpOBaTb. OnTHMaAbHbIX OTHOllleHHH Tpe6yfOT, 'ITo6bi ijeAMH nOAHTHKH 6aHKa 6blAO noAAepmaHHe H co6CTBeHHbIM KanrHTaAoM. Me2KAY KpeAHTaMH, Aeno3HTaMH H ApyrHMH o6HsaTeAbcTBaMH 3
nOAHTHKa
APaBaSI KpeAHTHaS
peryAHpOBaHHH,
AOCTynHOCTb
CpeACTB,
pHCKa,
AOrIYCTHMOrO
CTerleHb
JJeAH
npaBosoro
BAeMeHTbi
onpeAeAeHHble
OXBaTb1BaTb
0OA2KHbl
InOAHTHKH
KpeAHTHOH
KpeAHToB.
Ka'eCTBa
nOBbHIueHHIO
cnoco6CTByeT
KpeAHTHOrO
6aAaHc
nOpTquM! H CTPYKTYPY o6S3aTeAbCTB no CpOKaM. COBeT AHpeKTOPOB
HanpaBAeHHH
OCHOBHbie
q)OpMyAHpyeT
Pa6oTa
KpeAHTHoH inOAHTHKH.
CoBeToM, B KOTOPOM H3AaramOTCs Ha'qHHaeTC$I C AOKyMeHTa, KOTOpblH AOA2eH 6biTb oAo6peH KpeAHTbI, a TaK2te OCHOBHbie InOAO2KeHHSI, B COOTBeTCTBHH C KOTOpbiM npeAOCTaBAHIOTCH 3aq)HKCHpOBaHbl OCHOBHbie npoleAypb1 npeAOCTaBAeHHB TaKHX KpeAHTOB. Pa3pa6oTKa
KpeAHTHOH
rIOAHTHKH
npeACTaBAMeTCH
BamHOH,
oco6eHHo
KorAa
6aHKy
K CAOMHbIM H nOCTOHHHO MeHflOIgHMCR YCAOBHRMH BKOHOMHKH H HAH BO3HHKaBiIIaR, HO He KorAa nepeA HHM CTOHT 3aAa'ia, paHee HHKOrAa He BO3HHKaBlIam 29 H 'ITO HaH6oAee BaMHO, pa3pa6oTma nOAHTHKH Bbl3hIBaIT nOAy-iaBIlla5 AoA2KHOrO BHHMaHHH. BbeicierO 3BeHa Heo6XOAHMOCTb y COBeTa AHpeKTOpOB HAH CO CTOPOHbl pYKOBOAHTeAeH npeACTOHT aAaflTHPOBaTbC.!
no
KoMHTeTa
KpeAHTaM
6aHKa
ypOBeHb
OnpeAeAHTb
npHeMAeMOCTH
B
pHCKa
CBeTe
aTOM nOTpe6HOcTH pbIHKa , Ha npH6blAbHOCTH H aqpeKTHBHOCTH pa6oTbl 6aHKa, y'iHTbIBan npH 6 bl CO3AaeT eAHHbIH KpeCHTHbIH R3blK KOTOpOM AeHCTByeT 6aHK. KpeAHTHa3i nOAHTHIKa KaK npeeMCTBeHHOCTH no Mepe pOCTa 6aHKa B UeAOM H BTOT H3bIK o'eHb BameH AA4 riOAAep2KaHHR
29
B
HeKOTOpbiX CTpaHaX,
nepexoAHoro
nepHOAa,
B HIaCTHOCTH
K HoBbiM cepbe3HbhM
coUHaAHcTH4ecKHx
B 6bllrnHx npo6AeMaM
cTpaHax,
oTtiolueHIH
y6biTKH no ccyAaM, pOAb KpeAUTopa B cHcTeMe 3aeMI4HKoB. KpeAHroB, aABRHHe H3MeHeHHH 3KOHoMHUecKoHi nOAMrTHKH Ha A0XOAbl nOTeHumaAbHbIe
61
HaxoARqyUxcR
cAeAyeT oTHecTH cAeAyloujue: 6
KoHi 11uH
aHK-3aeMtHK,
Ha CTaAHH pacKa
H
KOHeCHTpaWHR
Yx pelEAeaYe 6aHKa,
pyKO O4'CT7B
AHBepCHqHKaUHH
o6sI3aHHocTeii nOAHTHKH,
B 6aHKe.
ero
B.
AeRTe.AbHOCTH
H
KpeAHTHbliH H3blK,
npeACTaBAAeT
HpHAomeHHe
nom eociIHreCAbHoCTN K fepeMCHaN
Nf
OCHOBy
"AHKeTa
pa3pa6oTaHHblii
pa3BHTHH
no
AeAerHpoBaHHR
o6qgeii
Bonpocam
KpeAHTHOH
KpeAHTHOH
KpeAHTHb1X
nOAHOMOqHH
B pe3yAbTaTe nOSEBAeHHA KyAbTypbI
KyAbTypbl,
B
6aHKa.
H
'eTKOH
CMoTpHTe
KOTOpOH
OTpam2eHbi
OCHOBHbie nOAOCeHHn KpeAHTHOH KyAb'ypbl. 3 0 KpeAHTHaH pa6oTHHKa,
nOAHTHKa
KOTOpbliH
o6blMHO
otpopMAeHa
npHHHMaeT
yqaCTHe
B BHAe
nHCbMeHHoro
E1peueHHH B
0
noco6Hs
npeAOCTaBAeHHH
AAR H
KamAoro
OqiopMAeHHH
npeAoCTaBAeHHoro KpeAHTa. B o 6 igeM pa3AeAe AoKyMeHTa o6bIqHo c?popmyAHpoBaHbi OCHOBHble npHHUHnbI
npeAOCTaBAeHHH
KoMHTeTOB
HAH
KOHKpeTHble
3aHMOB,
pa6OTHHKOB,
AHMHTbl
no
onpeAeAeHbi
OTBe-iaJou1Hx
cTpyKTypa
3a
npeAOCTaBA3ieMbiM
BTO
H
o6a3aHHOCTH
HanpaBAeHHe, 3
KpeAHTaM.
Aecb
me
H
KpeAHTHbIX
ycTaHaBAHBaloTcs
onHcaHbI
npogeAypbI
pa3peuj1eHHR npeAOCTaBHTb TaKOH KpeAHT. O
TpermT rM
Toro 'ITo6bi
,tm
pbIHKe
H B BKOHOMHKe
pa3pa6oTaHHble
BOnpOCaMH nOAHTHKH B OTBeT Ha H3MeHeHHH,
.3aHRTbc
B geAOM,
HAH AHpeCTHBbl
caMbIH o61gJHH KOHTeKCT,
6aHKH qacTO
BblIITCKalOT
onpeAerAnOlUHH
KpeAHTbI
peineHHRMH,
6yAyT
pacnpocTpaHHTbCH
npHHqTbIMH
Kpe<ATOB no OTPaCAHM
B
6aHKe.
BKOHOMHKH.
B
O3HaKoMAeHHI
CnegIHaAbHO
06bP'HO AHpeKTHBbl AaioT
o6ujHe XapaKTepHCTHKH pa3HOBHAHoCTeH
npeAAaraembix 6aHKoM H xapaKTepHCTHKy pa3HOBBAHOCTeH aTH
AAm
B o6AacTH KPeAHTHOH rOAHTHKH.
Ha6AioAaeMbie Ha
B
COOTBeTCTBHH
HHX
TaKme
KpeAHTHoe
KpeAHTOB,
KAHeHTOB H PbIHKOB, Ha KOTOpblX C
IOCAeAHHMH
onpeAeA.ReTcn
oTAeAeHHe 06 b1IHO
CTpaTerH'eCKHMH
cTeneHb
KOHUCHTPaUHH
rOTOBHT CaMOCTORTeAbHO
HAH MOAHq)HUHPYeT
AHpeKTHBbl, HO H3MeHeHH.R BHOCWrrCH OTAeAOM KpeAHTHOH nOAHTHKH, KOTOpbliH OTBe'aeT CTapUIHH KOMHTeT no KpeAHTHOH nOAHTHKCe HAH no KpeAHTaM.
3a
AHpeKTHBbI H AOKyMeHT C H3AomeHHeM KpeAHTHoH
nOAHTHKH
OTBeTcTBeHHbIe
6aHKa
nOAHTHKH 6aHKa npeACTaBA110T o6ujee oTpameHHe KaxoH-AH6o KOHKpeTHbIH MOMmHT HYAH nepHoA BpeMeHH.
B
COTPYAHHKH
6aHKa
o6.3aHbi
03HaKOMHTbCH C sTHMH AOKyMeHTaMH H AeiCTBOBaTb B nOAHOM COOTBeTCTBHH C HHMH. CAeAoBaHHe AoKyMeHTaM KOHTpOAHpyeTCH KaK B npoUecce oAo6peHHa xpeAHToB, TaK H nocAe BbiAaqH KpeAHTOB. WPYHKUHH KOHTpOASI BbInOAH.RIOTCH BHeCUHHMH H BHyTpeHHHMH ayAHTOpaMH, He3aBHCHMbIMH cAym6aMH aHaAH3a KpeAHTOB, nOAHoMOMHa
CoBeToM no
4HpeKTOpOB
pa3pa6oTKe
H
COTPyAHHKOB, 3aKpenHB (3yHKgHH
H
OpraHaMH
peryAHpoBaHHH.
pacnpocTpaHeHH[O
AHpeKTHB
KOHTpOAA 3a HcnOAHeHHeM
MHorHe Ha
6aHKH
Bo-AaraiOT
onpeAcAeHHy1o
rpynny
KpeAHTHOH nOAHTHKH (a
TaRme
OnpeAeAeHHH H noAAepmaHHH Ka'IeCTBa KpCAHTHOro nopTcpeAsl 6aHKa) 3a ApyroHi rpynnOiH.
30
HHTepecyYoWHeCR
KoHgengHeH
KpeAHTHoA KyAbTypbi B CmHT-6aHXe", B CTaTbe npOCAemmmBaOTCB
KyAbTypbl
KpeAHTBO
MOIYT
TamKe
osHaKOMHTbcE
IHCTHTygHoHaAbHblH MHBeCTOp, AeKa6pb 1991 r. Ka
qlaKTOpbl,
c
pa6oToH
IKpax
HHAHO 1Ha 3arAaBmR
KOTOpbIe llpHBeAM K yXy<AWeHHIO KameCTBa aKTHBOB B OAHOM Mg CaMu B MHpe. CorAaCHo cTaTme, 2KeAaHHe nlOKaaTb npH6blAhb [pHBeAO K TeHAeCHUm npeHe6peraTb xopoII1o o6oCHOBaHHbIMH CTaHAapTaMH llpH BblAaqe KpeAHTOB B 8 0-x roAax. yCneuiHo
ynlpaBAReMbiX
y'pe2AeHHNi
62
Jpe,4lNTHMMN pOCAsaMN
YzrpaWAeAw,e
Hpoje4ypM
Ha
H
peFYAHPYIOTCH
KOHTpOAHPYIOTCH
B
npeAOCTaBAeHHbIX
npOBCPKY
H
aKTHBbl,
H
OTpamaioTCs
B
COMHHTeAbHble
o6a3aTeAbcTB,
AOArOBbIX
HenorauweHHbIx
COCTOSHHH
KpeAHToB,
BKAiOiaeMb1M
pa3AeAaM,
ApyrHM
COCTOSHHUH
OjCeHKy
OTHCCTH
MO2KHO
npoUeAyp,
nepeqeHb
K
saKoHoAaTeAbHo.
KOTOpb!e
KpeAHTOBaHHH,
aCneKTbI
Te
npeAyCMaTpHBaTb
MOryT
TaKmne
HpOleAypbl
H nOCTaBIHKaMH.
ApyrHMH 6aHKaMH
c
UHHcOpMagHeH
o6MeH KpeAHTHOH
KpeAHTHbIX (3aHAOB,
BcAeHHA
npaBuAa
o6ujHe
aHaAH3a,
KpeAHTHOrO
npo,ecc
3aHBKH,
o6pa6oTKy
KpeAHT,
B
CTOpOHbl KaK noAawy 3aRBKH
KpeAHTHOH nOAHTHKe H MOmeT OXBaTbIBaTb TaKHe
PYKOBOACTBe no
H H3AaraeTca
o6bimHo pa3pa6aTblBaeTCH
TaKie
KpeAHTOB
nlpeAOCTaBACHHM
IHOPSIAOK
npogecc B3HMaHHA CpeACTB.
oTAeAa.
HHCTpyKgHH AAA KpeAHTHoro
pa3AeAe
no o6s3aTeAbcTBaM,
o6pau4eHHH
3a
co3AaHHe
HHM OTHOCSTCR
H BeAeHHe 3anHHCeH
nOMOIb B xoAe peryAqpHo
KOTOPb1e MoryT cyigeCTBeHHO
noBTopHoro
cAy4ae
K
o6biqHo
(HYHK1HH
KpeAHTHOH
Bbin1OAHeHHR
npogeAypbi
OnepaTHBHbie
oTqeTOB BbInOAHeHHH yCAOBHH KpeAuTOB, a TaKme npH nOArOTOBKe
OT'eTOB
nOArOTOBKe
npH
npoBepoK,
KpeAHTOM
npOBOAHMblx B
O
O
npH6bIAbHOCTH CqeToB H
nOABep2KeHHOCTH pHCKy.
Ob3oP YnIPABAEHHH KPEITHbIM PHCKOM pHCKOM
KpeAHTHbIM
YnpaBAeHHe
OH npoAoAmaeTCH
H
npogecc
CHCTeMa.
CAO2KHaH
CTaAHH
noraiueHuH. Ha
aToro npomecca npeACTaBAeHbl
Ilpoecc UCeAeBbIMH
9aCTO Ha3blBaiOTCH
KOTOpbI
B (popme nOCAeAOBaTeAbHOCTH
KOMnOHeHTbI
OTAeAbHb!e
o6a3aTeAbcTBa.
H
aTO
pbIHKOB KpeAHTOBaHHH,
HaqHHaeTCH C onpeAcAeHuH pbIHKaMH".
-
AOArOBOrO
BCTaBKe
3.1,
H
6 6aAee noApo Ho o6cyŽIAaloTcHi HH2Ke.
HariaAo Hpogecca Hpej'ocraAeoHm Krpe,xNa KaK
OnfHCbiBaAOCb ,eACBble
6aHKa, ero
OTAeAa
KpeAHTHoro
COTPYAHHKH
npogecce
B
aKCnepTa
Kpe4HTHam nOAHTHKa 6aHKa onpeAeAReT KpeAHTHYIO A41TeAbHOCTb pHCKH. pblHKH H KAHcHTypy, a TaK2Ke npHeMAeMbie H HenpHeMAeMble
Bbiiue,
AOA2KHbI
KpeAHTa.
npeAOCTaBAeHHS
ABOMHyIO
cbirpaTb
pOAb
-
POAb
HAeHTHPHKaUHH
IlocAe
npoAaB%a
H
noTeHUHaAbHoro
npHHHTHH pemlIeHHsA nOCpeACTBOM 3aeMigHKa, COTPYAHHK KPeAHTHOrO OTAeAa Ha4HHaeT npoMecc pelUIHTb, COBMeCTHMa AH ero nOAy'eHHSI HH(pOpMaUHH y aToro 3aeMujHKa C TeM, qT06bi npoCb6a o npeAoCTaBAeHHU AAR 'lero
OnpeAeAHTb,
TeKylIeH nOAHTHKOH 6aHKa. AaAee COTPYAHHK AOAKeH npHqHHa HYMHbI AOnOAHHTeAbHbie CpeACTBa. HacToHlaR
KpeAHTa
saeMflHKy
c
HacToSIlgyUo npHMHHy, COTpyAHHK MO2KeT He BcerAa COBnaAaTb C HasBaHHOi 3aeMulHKoM. Y3HaB KpeAHTa no CpOKam, COCTaBHTb 6aHKa CMomeT OnpeAcAHTb COOTBeTCTBYIOIMYlO CTPYKTYPY rpaqHK
ero
H
norameHuH
HHBeCTHUHOHHbIib
HaUiTH
nOAXOoAh1jHH
ogeHKy
TiqaTeAbHo
KpeAwTa.
aTOro
BHA
KpeAHTa
(HanpHMep,
KpeAHT, KpeAHToBaHHe o6OpOTHoro KanHraAa H HnoTeCHibli).
BamHbiM marom npogecca npeOCTaBAeHR 3aeMqmHKa.
AAA
npoAyMaHHoe
TOAbKO
CnAaHHpOBMHHbIX nocecueHHH
noceueHHe 3aeMIJHKa
noCpeACTBOM 6
KpeAHTa siBASeTCSI noceeHHe nOTeHUHaAbHOrO
COBepllleHHR
no3BOAHT
HeOAHOKpaTHbIX,
CAeAaTb
npaBHAbHy1o
TUMaTeAbHO
3apaHee
iopo H 3aBOAa 3aeMU,HKa COTPYAHHK 6aHKa CMomeT noAywHTb
63
YKrpeojAeHHe py0oBocxcrsaa HoOAWMeHIC
vIycrBHa1AbHocrH ar mepemema
BcTasKa
Cxema yllpaBAeHHf
3.1
KpeAHTHbIM pHCKOM
OnpeAeAeHHe pbuHRa H UeAesbte pblHRH (TaK KaR OHMoTpeAAeeb( B CTpa&erHreCcOM HAaHe)
* CoBAeae rpeATa I poucxom,emHHe
OUemRa
* 3anpoc KAHeIim
0
* OrKpbmue nepcnexTmbi * KAHerr HanpaBAeH CHapyMI
^
-
HasHqeHHe
* ClpaCAb
Ileperonophl
OAo6peHe
* YCAOBH* H CPORIH *
0 PeKoMeKMiou&em
oranmemle
0 YnpaBAeHHe
* OroesopiH
* Floxa3aTeA_
* O6ecneqeHHe
COTpyAIOxa * CTapmnero crpymma
* HIPO'le
norameuu oeyme-aU-
floraLueHHe
* CocraBAetme
* AoKWeen,
IOpKAHqecxHx npOexToB
* rlepecMorp AoRMrAem-o * npooePKa oraa
AeHcTlHreAbtb 0 Aomy"eHra frpaBHHO oqJopMAeiia
* lnpoBepica 3amanix *
aorHsp
*OrOBOpKH
AAMHHHcrpauHx
|
IraLaaemxino nAaHy
|n
|*Ynp&iemx nOK!aaa7eAW ore
3'
lomuEetHe OCH0OBHOH sRCr
* lpoUeHrO
* OroBOPKHi * 3aAor
HerqvayCMcOTpeHHble
* FlAaTeXmHf
o6erWACia
* 06sop tRpe=mTO
Cnacewle * Pawiee o6HapymeHme * CTpaTemxl
Y6&rn
* YnpaBAem.e nrHOM
*
HaMeHeHxe CpOKOB
OHOBHOH 'mT Ao
YcxHAH no noramuemio lOpKHu4qecKffe YCSCAM|
*
Peopraiaaim
64
rnpUeHr
AOAMa
Ynpaaesse Nrpe,ANTNhIMN pNCXrN
AOCTaTOIHO
HHqpOpMa4UHH
npoUecca npHHITuHs
KoMnoHeHToM
OCeHKH pyKOBOACTBa,
AAR TUIaTeAbHOM peiueHHHi.
IloceuMeHHe
'TO
HBAMeTCH
Ba2HeHiiIHM TeKyguyo
TaKme nomoraeT nOHRTb
paSBrTmx H ee (pHHaHCOBbie nOTpe6HOcTH. CHTyaUHIo KOMnaHHH, BO.3MOMHOCTH ee 6yAyugero
ff xpe,^ra
ANam3 nCO'iNoKoR HorAmeni IHocAe Toro, Kax COTPYAHHK 6aHKa AH OHa H COOTBeTCTBYeT AH noralUeHHH
HCTO'HHKOB
peaAHHM
KpeAHTa.
noHHA
CYUHOCTb 3aRBKH KAHeHTa, ycTaHOBHA,
pa3yMHa
aHaAH3 AereTAbHOCTH 6aHKa, OH/OHa AOA2KHbl npOBeCTH 3 TOT aHaAH3, BbIRBAMUO Hi nepBH Hbie H BTOpH'IHble
CAeAyeT AH npHHHTb HAH OTKAOHHTb HCTO'HHKH noraUleHHH, nOMO2KeT COTpyAHHKy OnpeAeAHTb, qTo6bl OnpeAcAHTb BepORTHOCTb norameHHH 3aRBKY KAHeHTa Ha nOAy'ieHHe speAHTa. AA Toro, cAa6bie H CHAbHbie CTOpOHbl KAHeHTa, KpeAHTa, COTPYAHHK 6aHKa AOA2KeH HCCAeAOBaTb ero (pHHaHCOBOH OT'eTHOCTH, ABH2KeHHS HaAH'HOCTH, OgeHHTb 3aHBKY KAHeHTa C TO'IKH 3peHHM pyKOBOACTBa, KBaAH(PHKaHH ero AeaTeAbHOCTH, PbIHKa AeAOBoH CTpaTerHH KAMeHTa, 31 OIeHb Ba2KHO, mTo6b! KpeAHT 6blA pa3pa6oTaH HH()OpMaIIMH O HeM H OnbITa pa6oTbl. B3amMHo l.-eAb KpeAHTa H ero noraiueHHe cneflHaAbHO AAR yKa3aHHOH XAHeHTOM UeAH. npHBH3aTb H 6aHKHpy, H 3aeMU4HKy nepenAeTaroTca; 3HaHHe CYUJHOCTH KpeAWra nO3BOAaeT ycAoBHH noralUeHHH KpeAHTa K ero 1eAH. rpH
TUIaTCAbHOM BHAOB
pa3AHMHbIX
KpeAHTa paSAHmeH AAR ero npOBeAeHHH, aHaAH3 HCTOIHHKOB noraUleHHH 3 AAR AoArocpO'iHbix H seAHKO oco6eHHO To pasAHqHe KpeAHTa.
KpeAHTOB.
KpaTKOCPO'IHbIX
AOArOCpOIHbIX KpeAHTOB, nIOTOMy 'TO HHBeCTHMHfi.
B
cAyqae
KOMriaHHH
npH6blAbHOCTb
AOArocpoLiHaI
nIoraiueHHR
HCTOqHHKOM
mKe C KpaTKocpOqHbIMH KpeAHTaMH,
6oAee
BamHa
AAm
34eCb CAy2KaT flOCTynlAeHHR OT
Heo6xoAHMo npoBeCTH AeTaAbHblii
- TOBapHb1X 3anacoB B Ae6HTOpcKyio aHiaAH3 TOprOBOrO UHKAa, HAH UHKAa o6opoTa aKTHBOB KaK1He CTaTbH 6aAaHca moryT 6biTb Bm4oAmeHHOCTb H HaAH'IHOCTb - C TeM, 'mT6bi onpeAeAHTb, npeBpauleHbl B HaAH"IHOCTb AA.R noramIeHHR KpeAHTa. PHCYHKH KpeAHTOB
3.2-3.5
H
AaH
(sassTble
CnHCOK
Hs OcHyc
BOnpOCOB,
Ha
1992)
o6o6ueHbl Ira'eCTBeHHbIe acnerTbi aHaAHsa
KoTopbie
AOAMHbI
6blTb
nOAyReHbl
OTBeTb!
A0
3 npeAOCTaBAeHHR KpeAHTOB. 2
HHaAeLHOH HHI4OpMaUHH H onbiTHOrO AocTynHoi H 3AeCb aHaAMs HCXOAHT Hs HaAH'H TeM He MeHee, B STHX crpaHax phicKax. pasBHBaiOu4HXCR pyKOBoAcTBa, 'ro He BcerAa co6AIoAaeTcz Bo MHOrHX HHqlopMag,HH 0 (pHHaHCOBbIX AOCTynHOCTH npeAnPHHHMaDOTCE OnpeAeAeHHble marH no coBepmUeHCTBOBaHHIO pocTa 6yxraATepoB, npOqieCCHOHaAbHOrO y'eTa, CTaHAapTOB noKaBaTeARX, KoTOpoe AOCTHraeTCR mepe3 BBeAeHHe H noAyqaTb Or npo,ecc sTOT noAAepmBaTm H pasBrTHe pbiHKa UeHnbix 6yMar. BaHKH moryT oAHoBpeMeHHO 6 KOTOpblX co6AJoAeHHe OTqeTHOCTH, no ny AHKaUHH merO BbirOAy 6AarOAap3i BBeAeHH10 o6.RaaTeAbHbIX HOpMaTHBOB B 3 HcnoAbsoBaHa ycneluHo 6biAa Ta cTpaTerHJi, B 'iacTocTm, OHM MOryT nrOTpe6oBaT OTr cBOHX saeMilHKOB. HeKOTOpb1X CTpaHaX IOmHoH A3HH. 31 O6IbsiCHeHHbiH
32
OcHoBa
TpaAHomHOHHbM 3aeMHax AHio
OHeHKH
H3 HHX Mo2CHo
MOIjHoCTh.
"K" - "3"
K C HnoMo4bio paBaAwlx noKasaTeACe. peATrmw, oTHecTH 2 xapaKTepHCTHKH "K" nAioc 1 "3": KpeAHTHbUi
3aeMgWHKa
3axAaAbiBaeTCR
HaH6oAee KarnTaA,
npoAoAm=WaIOue
eule ABe, A4OoAHeHHe K aTHM TpeM xapaKTepHCTHKaM, Cyu4eCTBybOT KarThTaA, 3aeMHaR MoflHoCTh, peATHHr, KpeAHTHmmi K-3-A-3: B ee H npespwUaioiMHe
B
Ha6op noKa3aTAefi, 6oAee UIMpOKHi H 6oAee BHamiMbif, ABHmeHUe AeHemHb1x cpeAcTB, saAor. CAeAYIOIIHi xapaKTepHcTHKa cocToRnHUn orpacAa, KoHKypeHTHoe o6tUaR a6&HO Ha3b1BaKoT nmTm onop xa'ecTBa KpeAHTa:
65
Yirpeimemme pyxoao4crBa o HoBmlIeHUrmf q'lPWcTBK7rIAb
c7N
*e
ICpeMoaHW
3.2
BCTaBKa
lqeTmpe sTana upogecca aNauABa KspeATa OnpegeAeile Ae.m qioNaaHcNpoBamAo.
1
AHaAHM3 KpaTKOcpOYHorO (3O-AHeBHoro) qpHHaHcMpoBaHHR B omH4aBmm &aVoAmeHHocTH 6yAeT
CHAbHO
OTrHYaTbCsE
craHaAAHsa OT
CCSOHHomO COKpaeg4HHX Ae6HTopcKoH
Ha 5 AeT Ha qHHaHcxpoBaHHe waBoAa HAH Ha BAo2KeHHR CpeACTB B o6AMra4JHH Am 4pHHaHcHpoBaMmR npHo6peTeHHg onpeCAeAeHHoHi qlHpMbI ee pyxOBOACTBOM HAH ApyroH opraHHWeMHi B cXeMe BblKyna. xpe4HTa
CpOXOM
nlepeCTpOHKH H paCUHlpeHHR
2.
Omprie, emire wcro'lra HoramemAw EpeA4ri.
OnpeAeAHB eAbh xpeAHTa, aHaAHTHK AoA?KeH nOHRTb, HS KaxOrO HcToYmHKa 6yAeT noraxuaTbcn KpeAHT. ByAeT AH KpeAHT HCIIOAbsOBaH Ha 3aKylKy TOBapOB, nOCTyIIACHHR OT nocAcAyOmieH npoAamH KcyOopb1X 6yAyT
HcnoAb3oBaHhi
AARA noranUeHHM
6
MAH
KpeAHTa?
yAeT
npoHmBoAcTBa, cxa2meM,
UeMeHTa, H KOrAa BaBOA HaYHeT 6yAyT HCenOAbsoBaHbI Am norallleHHJl KpeAHTa B TCqeHHH,
3.
Ogexa psCeOp, iplOCY7JrHX JAffHOO 'orawea'wz zpegora (IK(awacTeOHmi au&tH').
AH
OH
AAM riOCTpOHKH 3aBOAa AAM lpOH3BOACTBO, TO InOCTyMIACHHM OT peaAH3saHH UeMeHTa cxameM,
HCnOAbaoBaH
AeCETH AeT?
NOMHIWHO,
o7rophe NoWyT sWrpJ.VfNTS ilpogecc
. PasAHwHbie KOMnaHHH HcnoAb3ylOT paBAHqHbiie BH4Ab KpeAHTOB. BoAee TOrO, pHcK npeAocTaBAeHH KxpeAHTa AaHHOMY 3saeM1HKY saBHCHT OT OTpaCAH UpOMblIIIAeHHOCTH, HOMeHKYAaTypbl TOBaCOB H BHAa AeJITeAbHOCTH - a TaKme OT BKOHOMHqecKOH cHTyaMUHH B geAOM H OT KOHKypeHTHOH o6CTaHoBKH. Pa6oTaeT AH KoMonatHM no WHltAy HAH HeT?
BHN4 .4MTAbHOCTJ A-OMHMJH7aHf/OTpaC - HanpHMep, aMToMo6HAbHoH npOMbiuIAeHHOcTH - COBepCeHHO ApyrHe. KoHyTpewwHoCmoCO6HOCTo KoHKypeHTHocnoco 6 HbIMH,
- B paMmaX OAHOM
'eM
ApyrHe,
6aKaAeHHOMy
OTpacAM npOMbIUIAeHHOCTH
AeAY
npHCY11H
4)HpMbi MOryT
oAHM
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT BHAOB npOH3BOAHMbIX
6
oAHH
pHCKH, 6
a
6oAee
blTb
HMM TOBaPoB, KOHKypeHTOB,
cHcTeMbi UeHoo pa3oBmaHR H T.A. OJep
foHHa2
s4VcK77rBHocTb
-
npoH3BoAHT
AH
q)HpMa
Ha
HOBbIX
sqxpeKTHBHb1x
MMBoAaX
H
KOHKypeHTHOCnOco6HOH
ce6ecToHMocTmio? IIAH OHa nblTaeTCM AOCTHrHyTh TaKorO 2Ke or6beMa npoHBOAcTBa, H KoHKypeHTh1, HO npH 6oAee BbICOKHX saTpaTax?
C
'TO
PyOBO04CTBO - Ka'ecTBO pyKOBOACTBa KOMnaHHH-saeMIpHKa O-4eHb BaM2HO AAM OUeHKH pHCKa. OnpeAeAeHHbie aCneKTbi cnoco6HocTeH pyKOBOACTBa KOMnaHHH O'eHb AerKo yBHAeTh: HHqOopMaaW1 0 AeRTeAbHOCTH KoMnaHHH
B m1CM Ay'qine pa6OTaAa xOMnaHHH, oco6eHHO B TRmeAbie BpeMeHa, H TeM 6oAbtuero yBameHHR sacAymHBaeT ee pyKOBOAcTBO. npOIUiAOM Ha pbiHKe KaK npaBHAO AOCTyriH
rAy6HHa pyxoBoAcTBa KoMnaHHH He MeHee Bam2Ha, BOSPaCT pyxoBoAcTBa, HX pa6oTa Ha npeAblAypUHx nocTax,
HX C1oCo6HOCTH B TOH HAH HHOH o6AacTK HAH npHHaAAem2IaM2a CaMOe rAaBHOe KOMnaIHHH He
4.
6
HM AOA1 Co6CTBeHHOrO KanHTaAa KOMllaHum.
Ho
AoAmHbI 6blmb yBepeHHbl B TOM, 'iTO pesyAbTaTbl AeRTeAbHOCTH
yAyT HCKamaTbCR).
0AwmaacoBarz ammg.
FlocAe
aHaAHsa geAH
pHCKOB,
HAH
K
HcroAbSOBaBumBU KoTOpaH
STO BOllpOC flOpRAO'IHOCTH. (Bbl
6
KpeAHTa
aMaAH3y
H KaMeCTBeHHbiX
(lHHaHcoBoH
cR npH COCTaBAeHHH
pHCKOB, 3
OT'1eTHOCTH.
4pHHaHcoBoH
CAeAyeT To
npOBecTH aMHaAH3 AeHe2KHblx
FIOMRTyg
nOAom2eHHe
o
pa3HOBHAHOCTH
KpeAHTa,
aHaAM3Y
KOAN'CcTBeHHbIX
npHHJH1oB
y'eTa,
pHHmamCOBOH OTeTHOCTH B qbOpMy, TOT r'OA, HO H sa npeAbCAyIHe. OeCHb
nOTOKOB H BoMmomHocTeii pocTa KOMnaHHH
MHo2meCTBO ApyrHX HHCTpyMeHTOB OnpeAeAeHHR
cnoco6HocTH
K
nOHHMaHHe
OT'eTHOCTH; npHBeAeHHe
bl MaxcMmaAbHO o6Aer4aAa ee aHMaAms, npH'emM Ne TOAbXO 3sa
Bam2KHO TaKm2e
nepeXOAHTh
osHaMaeT
B
6
yAyUJeM.
Ecmb eCe
H aMMaAHM qlHHaHcoBbix pHCKOB, npHCYUJHX Aam4OH KOMYImmM.
aHIaAH3
AOAmeH
6
brrb
npoBeAeH TaK,
wTo6bI
OnpeAeATb C
AOAMOBble
pHpMbl - ciJoco6HocTh nOAy'HTb H o6cAymCHBaTb KpeAHT.
npeACIpHRTHM,
4pHaHacoBbIe yCAOBHM, KxMaCTBO ynpamBACHM H KxaCcTBO samora. 3TH oueHxH HBARIOTCR OMeHb BaMHbIMH HanpaBARlIOHMH oMeHKaMH, HO TeM He MeHee He MOryT nOAMeHHTh co6ofi aMaAtmB.
66
pNcKamNN YnpaaAeoie Krpc4N ^rxTHh
BCTa3Ka 3.3 UeAb
4DHHaHCHPOBaHHR H1
CTO'qHHKH
iOFrameHUI
MomHo BbiAeAHTb cAeAy1O1JHe nflTb BHAOB KpeAHTOB:
Ce30NmOhWN AfpeAT.
1. aTH
KpeAHTbi npeAOCTaBASIDTCJI
KOMrIaHHRM,
KOTOpblM Tpe6yeTcA
KanHTaA AAA noralmeHHR
CBOHX nHKOBbIX,
KpaTKOCpO4Hbix qHHaHCOBbiX nroTpe6HocTeH. mepe Ha 3aKynKy HeO6xOAHMbIX TOBapOB. nlo MOryT npeAOCTaBHTb KOMnaHHH TOprOBblH KpeAHT IOCTaBlHUKH HX KOHe9HbiM norpe6HTeAMm, STH TOBapbI B rOTOBbie H3AeAHR H npoAaeT TOrIO, KaK KOMnaHHA TpaHCqpopMHpyeT nPOAa4H H Ae6HTopcKyIo co6cTBeHHbie cBoH q)HHaHcHpoBaTh KoMraHHH KPeAHT nO3BoAseT ToproBblM 3aAOA2teHHOcTh.
nOCTaBWHKOM H CpOKaMH nOAygeHHH BbIpy'uKH
KorAa CyyUeCTByeT paapblB MeflAy CpOKaMH (3HHaHcHpoBaHH FHpMOH, TO MOryT IIoTpe6oBaTbCA ycAyrH 6aHKa.
2.
XOmzepmCNr aNxrmOR.
Kpe4r 4Am
KorAa
y
IOCTOAHHO CylUeCTByeT nOTpe6HOCTb q3HHaHCHpOBaTb
roMnaHHH
pa3pbIB
MemAy CpOKaMH TOprOBOrO
TOBapOB, TO nOA)r9aeMblH eiO KpeAHT HaSbiBalOT KpeAHTa H CpOKOM nOAyqeHHR Bbipy'IKH OT peaAHSayHH OT Ce3oHHOrO KpeAHTa, rAe AoAroBoe o6RsaTeAbCTBo noralmaeTC% KpeAHTOM AAR KOHBepCHH aKTHBOB . B OTAH'ime nocAe OAHoro UHKAa,
yHKAbl KPeAHTa AAA KoHBePCHH aKTHBoB
nOBTOPRhBoTcS
nocToAHHo H nepenrAeTa1OTcR,
-ITO
aKTHBOB OT ApyrorO. AeAaeT HeBO3MOMHblM OTAeAHTb OAHH UHKA KOHBepCHH
Kpe,nr i1oo xzmNWmme geCNmJOx IOTOXOB.
3.
AOArOCpOMHbie KpeAHTbi, nOTOKOB npeACTBAsAgOT co6oi OTHOCHTeAbHO KpeAHTbI n0A ABHUeHHeM AeHemHb1X o6opyAOBaHHI HAU AAA H MaUHH 3aKynKH AA11 qpHaHcHpoBaHHS npeAocTaBABeMbie npOMblUlAeHHb1M KoMnaHHRmM (ToproBbilx aKTHBOB, aKTHBOB TeKy)Hx T.e. o6opoTHorO KaniHTaAa, noAAepf2KKH yBeAH'iBaloiMerocfl nOCTORHHoro KpaTKocpOiHb1MH qpHHaHCHpyeMbIX He 2KH3HH MeHbUle oAHoro rOAa), KOTOrpbe HMeIOT npOAOA2KHTeAbHOCTb TOprOBb1MH KpeAHTaMH,
HAm npO4HMH TeKylIHMH o6SI3aTeAbCTBaMH.
4.
KpexpT, 6aBmpyIoLJWiFr.e ma aln-MBax.
aTOT
BHA KpeAHTOB, B mHCTOH
nocToslHHoHi ocHoBe AAA
K
Ha npaKTH'eCKH q)OpMe, npeACTaBAAeT Co6oH KpaTKOCpo'HOe (pHHaHCHpOBaHHe aKTHBOB. noAAepm2aHH$ BbicoKoro yPOBHR AHKBHAHbIX
BHAbl KaK: STOMY BHAY KpeAHTOB OTHOCRTCR TaKHe rH6pHAHbie
*
linoTewHble KpeAHTbl
*
A\HHHr
*
RocTaBKa
*
flpoMblilAeiHble KpeAHThl, o6ecneqeHHbie
3
6
TOT BHA KpeAHTOB o bNiHO o6ecnemeH,
MamIIHHaMH H o6opyAoBaHmeM.
B wTOoTpafflaeT o6ftee y6e2Il4eHHe B TOM, 'iTO 3aKAaAbEBaeMbie
TpaHCqIOpMHpOBaHa OCTaTO,4HyiO CTOmMOCTD, KOTOpaR 6yAeT o6ecne'ieHHe aKTHBbl HMelOT onpeAeAeHHyIO qpHHaHCOBb1X HeypRHAH. AAA BbIlAaT KpeAHTOpaM B CAy9ae BOEHHKHoBeHHR
5.
B AeHbrH
Flpoernuoe Kpe4MarOIawe.
H noA aKTHBbl. KpeAHToB noA ABH2meHHe AeHemHbix nHroKoB ToT BHA KpeAHTa co'eTaeT B ce6e 'epTbl He TOAbKO CO'ieTaHHe HX cTpOrHM: He RBAReTcR MeCKAy DTHMH nATbIO BHAaMH KpeAHTOB Pa3rpaHffweHHs HMeloT CPeACTB AeHemHblX ABHm1eHHe MHorHe cesoHHbie KpeAHThl H KpeAHTbi noA BOBMOmHO, HO H meAaTeAbHo. 3
sAeMeHTbi KpeAHTOB
nOA
aKTHBbl.
67
YmpezzAHe'e pyKoro,gcrla ii ioBmurexNo.
qyBcTBNTAbHocrrN w Hepemearam
BcTaBica 3.4 BHAbl KcpeAHToB, Tpe6yioqgUxcn AAm pasAHqHbIX B3103 (IKPM POBffK7fVIe TOprORNMA
- nOKynalOT H HPOAalOT rOTOBylO npOAyKU1HIO, o6 bliHO B MaAbIX KoAH4eCTBax. 3a Tex qpHpM, mTO npOAalOT TOBapbI 3a HaAH'iHble - 6axaAeiiHbie Mara3HHbI H T.A. - 6oAbiuxHCTBO (pHpM HMelOT sHaqHTeAbHyiO Ae6HToPCKYIO 3aAOAmeHHOCTb, KOTOpaH, flpaBAa, XOpOIO AHBepCHPHUJHpOBaHa. 3TH qpHpMbl JRBARIOTCS KaHAHAaTaMH Ha nOAy4eHHe Ce3OHHbIX KpeAHTOB H KpeAHTOB 10oA nOCTOgHHbiH 060pOTHblU KanHTaA .ASA qHHaHCHpoBaHmg CBOHX ToBapHbix 3anacoB, a HHorAa Ae6HTopcKoi 3aAoAmeHHOCTH. HCKAiO4eHHeM
O
iTrowe
pO3HH'HbIM
ropro5gM
ToproBBaM.
-
OHH
"nocpeAHHKH" o6bi'HO
npouecca pacnpeAeAeHHq
IBARIOTCR
KaHAKAaTaMH
Ha
noKynaioT
-
nOAy'ieHHe
y
npoHSBoAHTeAefi,
ce3oHHbix KpeAHTOB
H
npoAaioT
KpeAHTOB
noA Q6opOTHblU KanHTaA.
fpesox n'oAh - CaMblI CAOMHbli H3 BceX npogeccoB rioAy'eHHU npH6biAH: noKynaioT Cblpbe, HeCyT pacxoAbi Ha OnAaTy TpyAa H ApyrHe paCXOAbl, npoH3BOART H npoAaloT 6 lOTOBylO npoAyKUHioI, o bPIHO B AOBOAbHO 6 oAbUIHX o6beMax H C BblCOKOH Map2KoH npH6blAH. 06binHo HM Tpe6yIoTcs KpynHble
OCHOBHble
CpeACTBa,
nOCKOAbKy
HM
Tpe6ylOTC
MamIaHHbi
H o6opyAoBaHHe.
KanHTaAoBAo2KeHHn
MM MOryT noTpe6oBaTbcs
B
KaK
KpaTKoCpOIHbie, TaK H AOArOCpoqHbie KpeAHTbl AAR yperyAHpOBaHHH npoUecca ABH2KeHHR HaAH'IHOCTH.
OpFaJIs*ffN OnepaUHOHHbie
Y.rT - 06blNHO y HHX HeT TOBapHblX 3anacos, a BAO?KeHHR B OCHOBHbIe CpeACTBa HeBeAHKH. o6bm4HO BKAIOqalOT B ce6H 3apa6oTHylo nAaTy H McaAOBaHbe (apXHeTKTypHbie H
paCXOAbl
ayAHTOCXKHe q)HpMbi).
0prHAuco.Are
mcnmTyrT&
-
OC06blH
BHA
opraHH3aUHH
cqpepbI
O6CAymHBaHHR.
AKTHBbl
KpeAHTbl
-
H
HHBeCTHyHH.
17p
clpepM
e~irp,wrur
HeperyAHpyeMblx HaAHIHOCTH.
KOMnaHHH.
KpeAHTOp
JXOMMyIIaAMI&X
OmeHb
npHHHMaeT
)'iyA)T r
o
macTO HCn0Ab3ylOT peiueHHn,
peIyANpyCNMC e KpeAHTbl
OCHOBblBaRCb
KOTOpbie oKa3blBaeT 6oAbmuoe BAHRHHe peryAHpOBaHHe.
68
AAS
Ha AaHHbIX
IWMII*JIA
-AHHrMHXa oTAHoaeTCSrOT
yperyAHpoBaHHA 0
ABH2KeHHH
npojecca
AeHe2KHbIX
ABHmeHHJ1
CpeACTB,
Ha
pmc2Nam
YmpammeuNe vpe,goowTmM
BcTasKa 3.5 OnpeAeAeHHe pnciCa ioMonaHmH Yro raxoc
pHcK AomHlamANi?
3TO
-
PHCK KOMnaiHH
TOro,
pUCK
'TO
He CMO2KeT
KOMnaHUH
3aBepimHTb cBoUi WKA
aqB(eKT4BHO
OT CaMOu KOMnlaHHUHAM OT nlpHpOAbi ee AesTeAbHOCTH. KOHBepCHH aKTHBOB - STO Mo)KeT 3aBCieTh XizoNJCTeHOM gaa.Ae
PzCzN'
CbIpbRl
JoKyIa *
AM OHH? HaAeKHbl AM rIOCTaBKH CblpbR? Ce3OHHbl
*
CKoponopTAuJaec
*
Ha 3aBoA? KaoBbi 3saTpaThl Ha TpaHcnopTuPOBKY CbIpbSI
*
Kax
BR3MOmHocTu ero XpaHeHHH?
AM Cblpbe? KaKHe HMeioTc
AaAeKO HaxOA$TCR (pa6pHKa OT HCTO'HHKa CbIpbR? lOKynaeTCq AM Cblpbe 'epe3 nOCPeAHHKOB HAH HanpRMyIO?
* *
YqHTbIBaioTCR AM BOIpOCbl oKpymaIoHoeg cpeAbI?
*
KaKoBbl xapaKTepHCTHKH CblpbR?
*
CyLUecTByeT AM pHCK HuMeHeHHu
*
EcTm
*
nOCTaBigHKoB? rlOKynaeTCR AH Cblpbe y OAHOrO HAM Y HeCKOAbKHx
Kypca BaAlOTbl npH HMnopTe CbIpbR? B 6yAyqWeM
AM BefORTHOCTb TOrO, 'TO
HMnOpT
CbIpb.
6yAeT orpaHHqeH?
IJeHa CbIpbR nOTeHUHaAbHOU npo6AeMoA?
*
IBAReTcA AM leia
*
Mory'r AM 11eHbi H3MeHRThbc?
He MOmeT AM
Hx H3MeHeHme
ieH
npUBeCTH K OCTaHOBKe
UKAa
KOMnaHUH K noAy3eHHio npH6bLAd? KOHBepCHH aKTHBOB, HAM CHH3HTb cnoco6HocTm
JIpojecc HnpoSo4cma
*
B
npoUecce
pa6oqaR
CbIpbH B
npeo6pa3oBaHHa
Kam
CHAa.
o6CTOHT
AeAO
C
rOTOBbIe HBAeAH.I HaMAHHeM
BAeMeHToM
OCHOBHbiM
KBaAHlHKaWiei
CHAbi,
pa6o'eil
*
npO¢COioaHbiM ABH2KeHHeM, 3aTpaTaMH? KoMnaHHH? HacKoAbKO KanHTaAO- H TpyAOeMKO npoH3BoAcTBo
*
KaKoBbi Bo3paCT,
pHCKa RBAqeTCq
3
o6opyAoBaHHR? MOU_HOCTb H CTeHeHb sarpymeHHocm
To
pa6oTHHKOB,
MomeT 6blTb KpaiuHe
B 6yAyueM Heo6xoAMMocTb
yme ecTm HAM nOABHTCR BamKHblM acneKTOM AAR Tex KoMnaHHri, rAe
B
MOAepHH3aUHH.
J7poUecc c6bira *
PHCKH oqeHb
CAO2KHO BbiHBHTb,
H OT TaK KaK aX BeAHqHHa 3aBHCHT OT CaMOrO ToBapa
AHHaMHKH
yCAyr. *
Pa6oTaeT
Am
qapMa
B
6a3HcHoH
OTpaCAH
npOMbIUIAeHHOCTH?
HaCKOAbKO
9aACTHiqeH
cupoc?
RBARIOTCR AM pbIHKH KOMnaHRHH IUKAMqeCKHMH? *
HecyT
AM
HOBbIe
TexHOAora'leCKHe
Hao6peTeHH.I
B
ce6e
pHCK
MOPaAbHoro
ycTapeBaas
cyAecTsyioyuero o6opyAoBaH-R? *
q)aKTOpOB? HacKoAbKo CHAbHO BAHRHHe AeMorpa()HqeCKHX
*
KaKoBa CHcTeMa pacnpeAeAeHHR (c6blTa)?
*
KaKoe BAHsHHe
OKa2myT
H3MeHeHH.9 B COWUaAbHbIX
H nOAHTHqeCKHX
Ha C6blT?
*
npOMbUIwAeHHOCTH? HacKobKo KOHKypeHTocnoco6Ha AaHHaR oTpacAb
69
TpaAH1I,RX
H npeAnO'TeHMHx
YxpenuemNe p KOoOAcTeJ N J1O3hIIHD S7CTRHTEAhNOOCT
K fl'wfJMUM
BcTaBDKa 3.5 (npoA^.) AerKo
*
Bo*TH?
AU B Hee
Bo3MomHbi AH 3AeCb UeHOBble BO'iHbi? HacKOAbKo BeAHKa nHOJBAeHHR KOHKYPeHTOB Hs-3a py6ema?
*
HoABepnmeHa
BXOARUJHX
AH
AaHHaR
B OTpaCAb
OTpaCAb
npOMblU1AeHHOCTH
H 6blCTpO Bb1XOA.UJHX
Ha6eraM
H3 Hee,
CAy'aHiHbiX
TeM caMbiM
H
oepoHmiocT
npOHSBOAHTeAeCH,
ripHBoARWHM
oTpaCAb K
HeCTa6HAbHOCTH UeH H rIpH6biAeCi.
PHCK HemareM *
a
HeAOCTaToqHo llpOCTO fpO4aTb ToBap;
Toro, qTo6b
AAA
3saBeplUHTb
UHKA,
Hy2O-o
eie
nOAyqHTb
OrlAaTy. *
PHCK onAaTbI qBAmeTCR caMbIM cepbe3HblM AAR KOMHaHHH, 'ibH OcHOBHaH AeSTeAbHOCTb COCTOHT B ITo6bl co3AaBaTb (pHHaHCOBblC aKTHBbl - AAS 6aHKOB, CO3AalOuHX CBOH aKTHBbl nOCfeACTBOM
TOM,
nIeAOCTTBAAeHHS
Kpe4HTOB.
*
KaxoBO KaqecTBo AOA2KHHKOB KOMnaHHH?
*
OcyuecTBrAeT AH KoMnaHHR
npHMmHSeT
c6blT B MCmAyHapoAHbix
MactluTa6ax?
pOpMbI 3saUTbi oHa
KaKie
(CTpaXOBaHHe H T.A.)?
Bonpocgr peiYARwmworo xapaAepa *
MoryT OKa3aTb BAHHHHUe Ha Aio6ylo U3
a3.
Crpyrypa I(pegHra COTPYAHHK
6aHKa
AOA2IeH
OnpeACAHTb yCAOBHH KpeAHTa: npoUeHTHYIO cTaBKy, o6ecne,qeHHe, rapaHTHH H oco6bie CTaTbH, KOTOpbie 6yAyT OTpafKaTb npHCyIgHHH KpeAHTY pHCK. CTpyKTypa
KpeAHTra
AOA2KHa 6blTb
TCCHO
cBasaHa
c
o2KHAaeiMblMH
HCTO9HHKaMH
cpoKaMH
H
noralUIeHHR KpeAHTa.
aTanaMH
3aKAioqHTeAbHbIMH
npogecca
oAo6peHHe, noArOTOBKa AOKyMeHTaIHH
H
CTPYKTYPHPOBaHHH
cocTaBAeHHe
OT4eTa 0
KpeAHTa
HeM.
fBAAIOTCH
ero
Bce 8TH 8TalnbI AOAffHbI
6blTb qeTKo onpeAeAeHbl B KpeAHTHofnOAHTHKe H npogeAypax 6aHKa.
Oio6peHoe xpeu,rTa OAo6peHHe KpeAHTOB B KOMMepmeCKHX 6aHKax o6bI'HO npOHCXOAHT AH 6 0 B pamKax KpeAHTHoro KOMHTeTa, AH60 B paMKax npoaUecca nOCAeAOBaTeAbHOrO oAa6peHHA KpeAHTOB.
B
nepBom
cAyqae
HBARIOTCA
KpeAHTbI
PYKOBOAHTeAH
OAo6pRIOTCH 6aHKa
H
ero
KpeAHTHbIM
KOMHTeTOM,
KpeAHTHOrO
oTAeAa.
KpeAHTOB HAeT CHH3y BBepx no teno4Ke
- OT
BTOPOM
KOTOpOrO cAy'iae,
o6blHo
oAo6peHHe
lIpOCTbIX COTPYAHHKOB KpeAHTHOrO OTAeAa Ao
Hmeioujero npaBO (B COOTBeTCTBHH
pyKoBOACTBa,
Bo
-AeHaMH
C Tpe6OBaHHHMH
KpeAHTHOH nOAHTHKH 6aHKa)
Ha oKOHqaTeAbHoe oAa6peHHe KpeAHTa. CTOPOHHHKH KOMneTeHTHOrO
HMeiou4HHcR yTBep2KAalOT,
3aRBKrH,
KOrAa
nepBoro
MeTOAa
YPOBHA
npHHHTHA
y
Bcex
ITO HX
IIAeHOB
KOMHTeTHaA nOAaeTcA
yTBep2KAaaTr, pellieHHH,
KpeAHTHoro CHCTCMa He
cpa3y
4TO TaK
OH o6ecne4HBaeT KaK
KpeAHTa. AaeT
HeCKOAbKO
70
Ha
npH
aToM
CTOPOHHHKH
AOCTaTO'iHO KamAoM
BpeMeHH
saceAaHHH.
AOCTHK2eHHe
HaH6aAee
HCnOAb3yeTCR
me
OnblT,
BTOPOrO
MeToAa
AAR aHaAH3a
KamA2OH
OHH
roBOpAT,
'ITO
B
pJc3CaoM
Y,opaeoone AKpeANTOrMM
HHCTHHKT - 'LAeHbl KoMHTeTa cTapaEOTcH H36eraTb ROMHTeTHOH CHCTeMe npHcyrTCTByeT CTaHbliH nOAaiol1HX 3aHBKy,
HeripHHTHblX AAR COTpyAHHKOB,
BOnpOCOB,
CHCTeMa me nOCAeAoBaTeAbHOrO
PYKOBOACTBa cBoero KoMHTreTa.
H CAeAY4OT npeAnO-TeHHRM
HAH APYrHx KpeAHTHbIX OTAeAOB
npoBepHTb
AaeT COTpyAHHKaM peaAbHy1o BO3MO?KHOCTb
oAo6peHHR, no cAoBam ee CTOPOHHHKOB,
BOnpOCbI H npHHSTb He3aBHCHMble pelUeHHH. KpeAHTHylO 3aHBKy, 3aAaTb Heo6xoAHMbie KpeAHTHoro
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTHi qAeHOB
CTeneHb
B
BapbHpyeTCHR.
KoMHTeTa 3a oAo6pHeMble HMH KpeAHTbI
rOAOCOBaHHe B
6oAbllHHCTBe 6aHKOB
TOrO
HAH npOTHB
nOAb3y
6 nIOAHuTHH pyK, AH o B q)opMe OTBeTOB 3a KpeAHTa npOHCXOAHT AH6o B popMe H perHCTpHpyeTCSI. B HeKOTOpbiX 6aHKax rOAOC xamAoro 'iAeHa KOMHTeTa
npHHs1THH
HAH
npOTHB . HeMCHO,
XOTR
BAHHeT Ha aqcxeKTHBHOCTb npogecca npH Bbliule OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH CTeneHb
KOMHTeTa
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb KamAoro 'AeHa cKa3aTb, CAeAyeT peIleHHH,
HaCKOAbKO
HAH HHOrO
'ITO
nOCAeAOBaTeAbHOM OAo6peHHH KpeAHTa.
6oAbmjie
CTeneHb
MHOrHe
nOAHOMO'iHX
nepeAaxoT
6aHKH
Te,
a
oTAeAeHHH,
perHOHaAbHb1X
B
KpeAHTa
OAo6peHHR
npoiecce
B
YqHTblBas
pyKOBOACTBy aTH
nepeAaTb
Mor1T
o'epeAb,
CBOIO
HS-3a
nOTCP.9HbI
6aHKoM.
KpeAHTOB
oAo6peHHIo
no
6blTb
MOryT
CAeAKH
reorpalHpieCKHH),
oco6eHHo
ero onepagHH,
HeKoTopble
AeMeHTpaAH3ag,HH.
npoBOAo'leK
6iopoKpaTHqecKHx
H MaclIiTa6
npoUecca
CTeneHb ieHTpaAH3aiHH,
TeM 6oAbmCe
6aHK,
MeHblue
npaBHAO, 'ieM
CAeAoBaTeAbHO,
6aHK (a
nem 6oAbiue TeM
KaK
pemieHHH.
npHHWTHR
MeHTPaAH3agHH
CTeneHb
onpeAeAaioT
ero onepaUHH
H Macurra6
6aHKa
Pa3Mep
BTO, CBOHX
nOAHOMO'HS
COTpyAHHKaM. PyKOBOACTBy cpHAHaAOB HAH HX OTAeAbHbIM
B
6
aHKOB,
a
oAo6pHioTcH
3aTeM
oT'eToB
nepHoAH'ecKHx
H
pyKOBOACTBOM
6aHKa
no
H coBeToM
aTHX nOAHOMO-1HH Ocy1geCTBAReTCs1
HCnOAb3OBaHHR
KOHTpOAb 3a npaBHAbHOCTb1O COCTaBAeHHH
nOAHTHKe H
peKOMeHAagH.MH OTAeAOB no KpeAHTHOM
o6bi'iHO onpeAeAaioTcSI AeHTeAbHOCTbio
YPOBHH9X KpeAHTHbie nOAHOMO'IH% Ha paSAH4HbIX
CHCTeMe,
6 Aio 0H Ae4eHTpaAH3OBaHHOM
o6sopoB
npoBeAeHHH
H
npoBePOK
KOHTpOAIO
3a
AHpeKTOpoB. nOCpeACTBOM BHyTpeHHHMH
ayAHTOpaMH. CoBeT
AHpeKTOPOB
npHHHMaeT
'IaCTO
y'aCTHe
oAo6peHHH
npoilecce
B
KpeAHTOB,
B
6aHKa, oco6o - HcKAlo'eHHH H3 TeKyugeH nOAHTHKH oco6eHHocTH KpynHb1X KpeAHTOB, KpeAHTOB
BO
o6u4eHa;HOHaAbHoe 3Ha'eHHe. CAO2KHbIX KpeAHTOB H KpeAHTOB, HMeEOIMHX o6 oAo6peHHH
H3BeujaeTc.
COBeT AHpeKToPOB
caM oAo6pReT Bce KpynHbie KpeAHTbi.
COBeTy
AHpeCKTOpOB,
B ApyrHx,
KpynHbIX KpeAHTOB 3aAHHM 'IHCAOM;
COBeT AHpecKTOPOB
npeACTaBAS1IOTCH
MHOrHX 6aHrax,
npOXOART
06b1qHo KpeAHTbl,
viepe3 TeXHHqeCKyio
npe2mAe HeM OHH
npoBepKy
pYXOBOACTBOM
6aHKa.
Kpe,gmma, 4oKymeITagffJ, KpeAHTHas
AOKyMeHTraHH
iOpHAHqecKHe Mepbl,
rpalpHK noraHTeHHH. KOTOPOM
XOTSI
KpeAHTa,
OH
pHcKa,
no3BOAS
6aHRy
npHHHMaTb
OrOBOpKH HAH HapymuaeT eCAH -3aeMWHK He BbInOAHSeT 3anpeTHTeAbHb!e H 3aeMUJHKOM, B AorOBOp - STO KoHTpaKT M A2K4y6aHKoM
KpeAwrHbli
OrOBapHBaEOTCc
KpeAHTHb1H
o6eCne'HBaeT 3aurHTy OT
npaaa
AoroBop
COAep2KHT
H o6a3aHHocTH
KamAOH
He [o13BOAAeT KpeAHTOpy
yCAOBH1,
OrOBOPKH
H
CTOpOHbl no OTHOIieHHIO
K KpeAHTy.
HCTO%1HHK
norauieHHR
KOHTPOAHPOBaTb
orpaHH'eHH1,
71
COCTaBAeHHb1e
TaKHM
o6pa3oM,
Ykvpe,zAewae pywomogerTRa N owBrmeNwm qyzCT5NTOAbHOCTN A nepememam wTo6bi rioAAep2KaTb HAH yAy4IUHTb qJHHaHcoBOe COCTORHHe
ABH2KeHHe AeHeffHbIX KpeAHTHblH AOrOBOp,
CpeACTB,
TITO TaK HAH
3aeMgHKa, ypoBeHb npH6blAbHOCTH,
HHa'ie 3aWHaiaeT
cocTaBAeHHbIH Ha 'eTKOH
HHTepecbi
XOpoumfi
6aHKa.
IopHAHqecKoH OCHOBe, jaeT KpeAHTopam Bec Ha
neperoBopax, eCAH COCTORHHe KpeAHTa Ha'IHHaeT yxyAlnaTbCA.
ieM
IHpemAe
6blTb nOAnHcaHHOH,
npoBepeHa, 2KeAaTCAbHO 6aHKa.
CnegHaAHCTbi
KpeAHTa,
BKAIO'WH
iopHAHqecKaH
AOKYMeHTaUHSI
KaKoH-AH6o cnegHaAHSHpOBaHHOH
6
AOA2KHa
6aHKa AOA2KHbl Tu4aTeAbHo npOBePHTb AOKyMeHTa&H1O Ba2MHO,
6 oTO bi
3aKoHoAaTeAbHoH
6a3b1:
ero OgeHKy.
O9eHb
Tpe6oBaHHAM
cyuIeCTBy!ojIieH
npeAocTaBAeH
OAHOMy 3aeMJIHKY
blTb TUjaTeAbHO
BHyTpeHHeH CTpyKTypHOH eAHHHUeH
KpeAHTHaH npemAe
no o6ecneieHMuo
AoKyMeHTag1H qeM
OTBe'iaAa
KaKoH-AH6o
KpeAHT
HAH rpynne cBx3aHHbIX 3aeMigHKOB, T1MaTeAbHO AOA2KHbl 6blTb npoBepeHbi cyIIeCTByIOlX4He AHMHTbl KpeAHTOBaHHH 1o OTHo1iieHH*o K BeAH1 HHe KanHTaAa 6aHKa. KpoMe Toro, aTa AoKyMeHTagHH AOAmHa 6blTb corAacoBaHa c cyJIeCTBY1OHMH B CaMOM 6aHKe BHyTpeHHHMH AHMHTaMH KpeAHTOBaHHH H KOHUeHTpaUHH KpeAHToB. 3 3 qreTKaS
o6pa6oTKa
BCeH AOKyMeHTaUHH
BHyTpeHHero KOHTpOAR KpeAHTa
KAHCHTY
AoKyMeHTaUHH.
H
XOTH aTO
nop,
noKa
6aHKa.
AO
Tex
HBAAeTCn
CyIgeCTBeHHbIM
BAeMeHTOM
lpaBHAO 'aCTO HapyUIaeTC9,
OT
HerO
OTAeAbHaA CTPYKTYPHaA eAHHHUa
He
6yAeT
He CAeAyeT BbiAaBaTh
noAy-leHa
6aHKa AOA2KHa
H CHCTeMbl
BCR
npoBePATb
Heo6xoAHMaA
H xpaHHTb BCIO
AOKyMeHTaUHlo.
06ecn'eqeHie H FapaInwT 06ecne'ieHHe H4cnoAb3oBaHHe aKTHBbl
B
-
BTo
3aAora
CAy4ae
MaTepHaAbHbIH B
noAAep2KKy
HapylleHHH
aKTHB, KpeAHTa
3aeMWHKOM
Ha
KOTOpbiH
AaeT
6aHKy
YCAOBHHi
MOTeHUHaAbHbIM BTOpH'IHbJM HCTO'IHHKOM norauleHHs OTHOI11eHHH 3aAora o6ecneqCeHe Tpe6oBaHHe OSHatlaeT,
pa3AH-IHa.
B
6OAbIUHHCTBe
3aeM1HKY O npeAoCTaBAeHHH
'TO
KpeAHTocnoco6HocTb
KpeAHTa.
npH
npaBa
saAora.
KOHTpOAHpOBaTh
O6ecne'ieHHe
CTpaH,
npeAOCTaBAeHHH
o6ecne'ieHHA
3aemMUHKa
camoro
HMeeT
CTaHOBHTCA
KpeAHTa. FlpaKTHKa p3AHsIHblx 6aHKOs B
pa3BHBalOUJHXCR
RBAHCTCA HOpMaAbHblM AOnOAHeHHeM K
6aHK
BO3MOmHOCTb
KAeCHTOBeHHC KpeAHTa.
HAH rapaHTHH
B
TpeTbefi
[WA
CLIJA, CTOpOHbl
C'iHTaeTCsA
HeAocTaTOaqHOH. CaMa noTpe6HOcTb B o6ecneqeHHH HAH rapaHTHH noApa3ymeBaeT 6OAee BbICOKHH YpOBeHb pHCKa. B cAy'ae npOBeAeHHR -leTKOrO npogecca ynpaBAeHHA KpeAHTHblMH pHCKaMH o6ecnemeHHe iie ciHTaeTcH 3aMeHHTeAeM KpeAHTocnoco6HocTH, noA KOTOpOH nOHHMaeTCA AoCTaTO'iHOCTb npHTOKa
AeHeC2HbIX
CpeACTB
y
3aeMU4HKa
o6ecneqeHHe AHlb AOnOAHHTeAbHaA Ha3bIBaloT
BTOpoH
pHHaHcOBOrO
paS3BBaioqUjxcR
pbIHKaX
BO
MHOrHX
OTCYTCTBHCM
O'eHb 2reAaTeAbHO.
HeBOSM02KHOCTh COSAaTh YCAOBHR AM
noraLueHHH
KpeAHTa.
3afsHTa no yme npHeMAeMoMy
IlOCKOAbKy
aHaAH3a 3aTPYAHRCTCH
npHHSTHe o6ecneqeHHR
33 Ha
BbIXOA".
A"s
IeHHOCTb
OAHaKO BTO
cCpaxax
(JHHaHCOBOH
KpeAHTa
'aCTO
CAeAOBaTeAbHO, aAeKBaTHan
TO
KpeAHTOpOB.
CHH2maeTCJI
HS-Sa
PyHXUHOHHpyioiJUaz ynpaBAeHHR KpeAHTbiM
ripaBoBag OcHOBa npeACTaBBAJeT 'peSBbrNaHHyIO BamHOCTb AMA ycoBepmeHTOBaHH pNCKOM. flpaBOBaS peq)opma - o4eHb BaMHblI qaxTop yCnleIHOCTH BKoHoMHIecKoi peqOpMbl.
72
npOBCAeHHe
HHq)OpMaaHH,
He AOAMHO yCnOKaHBaTb
AOKyMeHTHpOBaHHR
BbinOAHeiiHUl KoHTpaKTa.
cAyqae,
KpeAHTy; ero qacTo eue
pa3BHBaEoHHXcH
AOCTaTOqHHOH
B aToM
pNCJIraMJr
YHPpauJeJNe JrpA,N7MMJWM1
KpeAHT, 6aHxa AoAmeH TaK CTPYKTyPHPOBaTb IHpH o6ecneReHHOM KpeAHToBaHHH COTPYAHHK CTOHMOCTH o6ecneqeHHH, AHKBHAaUHOHHOH rro6bi ero BeAH'UHa 6blAa paBHa o6,beKTHBHOii 0 6biqHo oHa oT'eTHOCTH 3aeMUljHKa. He o6s3aTeAbHo oTpameHa B (PHHaHcOBOH KOTopa5 'ITO KpeAC4T O6ecne'eHHe 3aAoroM OTHIOAb He O3HaIaeT, MeHbume, qeM OM;eHO'HaR CTOHMOCTb. HX CHH2KaeT CyLCTBeHHo 'aCTO aKTHBOB AHKBHAaUHR BblHy2AeHHaH norailleH; 6yAeT
OUeHHTb
TJIaTeAbHO
AOA2eH
6aHK
HOBTOMy,
CTOHMOCTb.
AHKBHAagHOHHylO
H
pbXHO'qHyIO
0
6bliHo, npOBOAHTb ero TeKyu4yio nepeogeHKy. CTOHMOCTb o6ecneneHHs, H AOA2IeH nOCTO0HHO 6 He TOAbKO nOKpblTb BbiiUe CyMMbi KpeATra C TeM, 4TO bl CTOHMOCTb Tpe6yeMoro o6ecne'ieHHl 6yAeT MeHbillle oeHOqHOH, HO H o6ecne'ieHrH PHCK TOrO, 'ITO AHKBHAaUHOHHaS CTOHMOCTb COCTOHHUII 6yAyT HaXaKIAHBaTbCsi no mepe yxyAlmleHuA nOKpblTb npO!leHTHbie nAaTe2KH, KOTOpbIe KOHTpOAHI C nOKpblTHeM, CTOHMOCTbIO H CHCTeMoU KpeAHTa. CTOHMOCTb o6ecne'eHlA cBH3aHa TaK, KaK BTo npeACTaBAeHO B Ta6AHMe
npOcToro KaK
aKTHBbl
onpeAeAeHHbie
KpeAHTOPy
3aAOr
CTpaH,
MHOrHX
CorAacHo 3aKoHoAaTeAbCTBY
3.1. o6ecneneHHe
AOAmHHK AaeT B
B KOTOpOM
AoroBopa,
AAA
HeAoCTaTo'qHO
KpeAHTa,
3aperHcTpHpoBaH AOAmeH 6blTb AAA aToro CnelUHaAbHO npHAaHHA eMy IopHAH'ecKoiH CHAbI. OH CTpaHax, 6AHmHeBOcTO'qHbIx HeKOTOpbIX B HanpHMep, opraHe. COOTBeTCTByKioLeM B peaAH3aUHH ero OT [IOCTyIIAeHHH npoexTa nOApsIAqHKOM nepeAa'e 0 o6HsaTeAbCTBO TOrO, aTH AOKyMeHTbl He HaXO2KAeHHR nOApRA'HKa. 1H Aame 6oAee
CHAbl
A0
cTpaHe.
opraHe
B COOTBeTCTByiOu eM
3aperHCTpHpOBaHo
6bITb
AOAmHo
KpeAHTopaM
6
CTpaHbi-MeCTO-
yAyT HMeTb 1OpUAH meeCKOH
He 6yAyT BbinAa'iCHbl KpeAHTopy B 8TOH Tex nop, noxa nepeAaBaembie nocTyrnAeHHA
o6pa3oM
TaKHM
CHAbi.
iOpHAH'IeCKOH
TpeTbeH
aTH
aKTHBOB;
3aKAaAbiBaeMbiX
HAeHTH(HKXaMHH
B
BbiLAaMeHbI
nocTynAeHHU
ECAH
CTpaHe,
AOryMeHTbi
UeAeii:
TpeX
KpeAHTOpOB
APYrHX
H3BeigeHHH
AAR
AAR
Hy2KHbl
HMelOT
He
AOKyMeHTbi
TO
AAR 0
KpeAHTopa B H, 'ITO HaH60Aee Ba2KHO, AAA 3aiUHTbl CyU,eCTBOBaHHH saAora Ha AaHHbie aKTHBbl; HAH HAH AOAmeH 6yAeT AHKBHAHpOBaTb, A06POBOAbHO CAyqae, eCAH AOA2KHHK o6aHKpOTHTcH CBOH aKTHBbl.
BblHyMAeHH0, 3
aKoHoAaTeAbCTBO
6aHKpOTcTBe pa3AHqHO
o
B pa3AH'HbIx CTpaHax,
npaBHAo, AAA
Ho, KaK
B YCTaHaBAHBaeTCH npeqpepeHUHaAbHbiH napSnAK. pacnpeAeAeHHR aKTHBOB KoMnaHHH-6aHKpoTa 6aHKa, B nepByio oaiepeAb 6yAyT BbilnAaeHa cAy4ae 6aHKpOTCTBa KaKoro-AH6o aMepHaKHCKoro nAaTa
sapa6OTHaS
AeHbrH BHyTpeHHHM
COTpyAHHKOB, BKAaAqHKaM,
HaAorH
nOTOM
H
npO'HM BHyTpeHHHM
xOMMYHaAbHble KpeAHTOpaM,
Bo3BpaieHbl
rLAaTe2KH,
HHOCTpaHHbIM
BKAaA4HKaM
H ApyrHM HHOCTpaHHbIM KpeAHTOpaM. - 8TO corAacHe TpeTbeli CTOpOHbI
FapaHTHs
cnoco6eH cAeAaTb HacKOAbRo
rapaHT
(PHHaHcoBbiHi o6ecnemeHHe.
aTo
cnoco6eH
aHaAH3
H,
H
HaCTOAbKO, HCTO'qHHKX noraumeHHqa KpeAHTa, rapaHTux HaAemHa mKeAaeT
noracHTb
KpeAHTOcnoco6HOcTH
rapaHrHH
BCiO ero CyMMy,
KaK
CaM.
'TO
MoryT 6blTb
o'ieHb
KpeAHT.
rapaHTa;
npH
floaToMy 8TOM
OT
6esycAoBHb!MH H yCAOBHbIMH,
Ba2KHO,
MOryT Oq)OpMARTbCR
oqeHb Hero
Ba2KHo
MOryT
npoBCTH
nOTpe6oBaTb
Ha 'iaCTb KpeAHTa
nepeAaTo'HOH
HAH Ha
HaAnHCbIO
UAH
HAH HHOH 3OpMbi rapaHTHH, a TaK2te OTAeAbHbIM AoroBopaM. rlpHeMAeMOCTb TOH KOHKpeTHOA CTpaHbi. paCCMOTpeCHH Tpe6oBaHNIH onpeAeMAioTci 3aKOHoAaTeAbCTBOM
qIopMaAbHblM cnoco6
eCAH 3aeMUIHK He
noraCHTb KpeAHT B CAy'ae,
73
YErpesizAcHe
pyJoEo4cT5ra H IonIobreMI
v vjrcTrwreAIbocrTw K iiepememam
Ta6AHUa 3.1 OMeHKa saAora nOKpbzTm PeiiTuHr
o6ecuexenunI
e o6ecneqennn
CTOHMOCTb
KOHTpOAhb
flpMepbl
CTOHMOCTb
o6ecneqeuwi
A
100
IHOAHOCTbIO
*
o6ecneqeHa H AerKO MOKeT
*
6blTb peaAU3oBaHa
B
<100%
IIOA
6aHKoB-
KlioHTprapaHTnm
*
CKHM KoHTpoAem AOKyMeHTaIH
npueMAeMbIx 6aHKoB
B
*
4eHemHblU
nopiiKe
CTOHMOCTb
*
Mo2KeT KoAe6aTbcR
F1OA
6aHKoB-
*
AKUHm,
*
OUeHeHHaR
CKHM KOHTpOAeM
u MoryT
*
BO3HHKHTb
saAor
B
6aHKe
4OKyMeHTaIUH
B
3aAomeHHbwe
H xpaHHMbie B 6aHKe
nOpRAKe
6aHKoM
HeABH)KHMOCTh
TpYAHOCTH C npoAamke
c
<100%
HsMeHqUBaR
*
CTOHMOCTb H
IIpo6AeMbi
noA
KOHTpOAeM
HeyBepeHHOCTb C
*
peaAH3aueu
*
HeKoTHpyeMbre aKHm
*
3
anacbI
Ae6HTopcKaH
AOKyMeHTaHR
3a4OA21eHHOCTb, xpaHHMMA
D
<100%
CmH2aKomaRcq CTOHMOCTb
*
U
He
KOHTpOAm-
*
pyeTcq 6aHKOM
cAa6aM
*
peaAH3aI,HR
TMU
CoMHwTeAbHaa
HAM
B 6aHKe
HeKoHTpoAmpyeMbre
-ariacbi TMU
Hpo6AeMbl
C
AoKYMewTaueu *
FIpo6AeMHbie aKTHBbl
E
<100%
IlaAamouJaq
*
CTOHMOCTb HAM ee
OTCyTCTBHeC
H
He
KOHTpOAU-
*
3aTpyAHCHHas HAm
I
HcmzIH7YHXK:
SaKoHoAaTeAbCTBO
MO2IleT
4oKyMeHTaTHg
*
OTCyTCTByeT
MaCTO
HMeeT MeCTO,
He
noAepmAeHwoe
paMeigeHme KHHuKHbIX AOArOB
_
raMHAbTOH.
Tpe6oBaTb,
Bo3AeCHCTBHH Ha 3aeMuHKa, npe2KAe CHTyaUgH
noAAepmaiouIe
Ha
pblHKe
By3-AmeH &
He
rapaHTm
HeBosMOmHaS peam3agUH
*
pyeTcA 6aHioM
eCAH
qTo6bi
6aHK
Hc'epnaA
ieM OH CMOmeT lpe4AbRBHTb AorOBOpbi
74
6blAH
Bce
ApyrHe
(pOpmbl
Tpe6oBaHHR K rapaHTy. TataA
COCTaBAeHbl
paSAeAbHO,
He3aBHCHMO
OT
YnrpaieHore K9peCNTHNWMH
OTAeAbHOe
nOAriHCaHO
TO
cOrAauieHHe,
6aHKy MOryT
cyAe6Horo
pas6HpaTeAbcTBa C 3aeMuJHKoM,
ECAH
rapaHT
me
TaK, B cAy'ae, eCAH
HeT.
nOTpe6oBaTbcH
npemAe 'eM
AoroBop,
o6JUjH
noAnHcaA
HAH
B AoroBope
TaKHe YCAOBH.I
AH
COAep2KaTCR
Toro,
BeKceAb
K rapaHTy.
KaKoH-AH6o
HAH
6bjAo
AoporocToHujero
rOAbI
OH CmomeT o6paTHTbcH
npOCTOU
pHCJratN
Apyrou
MomeT cpa3y o6paTHTbCS K AOAroBoH HHCTPYMeHT, TO B cAy'ae HenAaTema 3aeMqJHKa 6aHK 06u,IHi AOrOBOp, a He ABa rapaHTy. HMeHHO nOaTOMy HaMHoro npeAnO'qTHTeAbHei 3aRAio'aTb OT4eAbHbIX. 3
rapaHTHH
CHAbI,
1opHAHmecKoi
yAOBAeTBOpeHHe.
B
npeAOCTaBAeHO
B
geAbio
BCTpeCHOe
qopMe
KaKOf-AH6o
npfaHHS1
BCTPe-iHOe npeAOCTaBARTb OTCYTCTBHH TaKOBOrO, BCe Tpe6oBaHHR K rapaHTy He HMeiOT iopHAwiecKOf
B
yAOBAeTBOpeHHe.
6bLAO
C
rapaHTy,
'ITo6bi
Tpe6yeT,
CTpaH
HeKOTOPbIX
aKoHoAaTeAbCTBO
3aeMU1HK
!eAOM,
rapaHTY
AOA2KeH
CHAbl. eiie
ECTb
OAHa,
KOTOPYIO Ha3biBalOT
MaTepHHCKOu KOMnaHHei 3aeMuIHKa, nHCeM
-
KpeAHTOpa
3aBeplTb
Heo6xOAHMbie
AAi
Mepbi
q)opma
COMHHTeAbHaS,
HeCKOAbKO
B
TOM,
o6ecneseHHu.
o6ecne'eHHa, KOMqpoPTHbe
MaTepHHcKas
'To
mU2KHHeCnOCo6HOCTH
nUHCbMa. IleAb BTHX npeAnpHMeT
KoMnaHHS
3aeMLUHKa . KpeAHTop
BblHeCTH cBOe Cy6'beKTHBHOe Cy2KAeHHe 0 TOM, CTOHT AH npUHHRTb Ka'IeCTBe o6ecneieHhiH
npeAOCTaBAReMOrO
KOMq)OpTHOe
Bce
AOAmeH
IlHCbMO B
KpeAHTa HAH HeT.
HABAIOAEHHE 3A KPEAUTOM Mepbl AAR o6ecne'eHNu HIOCAe TOrO, KaK KpeAHT 6blA BbiAaH, 6aHK AOA2KeH npeAnPHHTb MH rAaBHb1X 3aAaq COTPYAHHKOB ero BoxapaTa. YnpaBAeHHe KpeAHTaMH RBA.ReTCH OAHOH KpeAHT, HO He HCnpaBHT "nAOXOH KpeAHTHOFO OTAeAa 6aHKa. Xopoiuee ynpaBAeHHe KpeAHTOM cAy'iae HeaqXCeKTHBHOrO ynpaBAeHMH MHOrHe xOpOulIHe KpeAHTbi moryr CTaTb npo6AeMHbiMH B HMH COTPYAHHKaMH KpeAHTHoro oTAeAa 6aHKa. BaHKH CAeART 3a 3aeMUAHKaMH
AAR
TorO, 'To
6
bI YAOCTOBepHTbCq B 6AaronoAy'rHOcTH
HX
KpeAHTHOrO AoroBopa; a TaXme AAS pUHHaHCOBOrO nOAO2KeHHH H B BbInOAHeHHH HMH yCAOBHH 3a C KAHeHToM. Ha6AioAeHue nOHCKa HOBbIX BO3MOmHocTeH AeAOBOrO coTpyAHH'eCTBa 3y ITO paHHeM CTTAHH npHI3HaKH TOro, KpeAHTOM HeO6xOAHMO AASI TOrO, TO6bI BblHSBHTb Ha KpeAMTa. 3 To HeO6XOAHMO AeAaTb Ha 3aeMUWHKa MOryT flORBHTbCSI 3aTPYAHeHHH C noraUCeHHeM B(pXFeKT OT KOppeKTHpyOlujHX paHHeH CTaAHH AAa TOro, 'lTo6bi MaKCHMaAbHO yBeAH'iTb 3a KpeAHTaMH oco6eHHo BamHO Ha Ae4CTBHui 6aHKa H CHHUHTb ero y6blTKH. Ha6AioAeHHe HAU me B cAy'Iae HapyuieHHR aTane HX norauieHuH HAH KOrAa OHH CTaHoBSTcE npOcpO'eHHbIMH, CYMMbl saAora HAH BeAHqHHbi YCTaHoBAeHHbIX KpeAHTHbIM AOrOBOPOM yCAOBHH MHHMaAbHOH U)HHaHCOBbIX KOBc4UHUelHTOB. BOAbIUHHCTBO
6aHKoB
nepecmaTpHBaioT
CBOH
BBaHMOOTHOI11eHIM
C
KAHeHTaMH
HAH
Tpe6yeT Toro.
sauge, eCAH CHTyagLH KpeAMTHbIe onepaUHH no KpaHHeH mepe paS B rOA HAH OTAeAa. B npoUecce 3 TH o63opbl HasHHaeT OTBeTCTBeHHbli 3a BTO COTPYAHHMK KpeAHTHOrO 3aemuMHKa H TeHAeHUHH ero BTHX npoBepoK, COTpyAHHK aHaAH3HpyeTlq)HHaHcoBoe COCTORHHe cBOero AoAra, a TWKC O6cAynuBaHio paBBuTrHH, ero npOUlAbie H 6yAyxue BOBMOmHOCTH no OH pa6oTaeT; nOCAe aToro COTpyHHK AOXOAHOCTb ero onepaUHR H CHTya,UHR Ha TOM pbIHKe, rAe
75
YxrpeH'Aemie pwKqoBo4'Cra o HoirrmIreoI
peluaeT,
KaKHM
COTpyAHH1 iecTBO llpHBeCTH
K
HMeHHO
o6pa3oM
C AaHHbIM
TOMY,
'FTO
6aHKy
KAHeHTOM. 6aHK
UIyBcrTrTeCADHocrTH A lzepemeHam
CAeAyeT
nposeAeHHe
paCImHpHT,
npOAOAXaTb
TaKHX
MOAH(PHUHpyeT,
npOBeAeHHe AaHHOrO BHAa KpeAHTHbIX onepagHH c KAHeHTOM.
pa3BHBaTb
nepHOAHqeCKHX
AeAoBoe
o630pOB
Boso6HoBHT
HAH
MO2KeT
npeKpaTHT
4 eAOBOe COTpyAHH'ieCTBO
6aHKa C KAHeHTOM noApa3ymesaeT TO, wTO eCAH 6aHK xOqeT COXpaHHTb KAHeHTa, TO OH AoA2KeH 6blTb B Kypce Bcex nAaHOB pa3BHTHR KAHeHTa H Bcex ero (JHHaHCOBbIX noTpe6HOcTeH. ,aAm
KOHTpOAH
HcTo4HHKaMH
3a 3aeMllHKOM
HHqOpMaUHH:
COTPYAHHKH
KpeAHTHoro
OTAeAa
nOAb3ylOTCR
'eTblpbMR
HHWOpMageH,
HMe}oijeHc y camoro 6aHKa, nOAyqeHHOH y y ApyrHx (pHHaHCOBbIX HHCTHTYTOB H y camoro 3aeMIHKa. Cam no ce6e aHaAH3 qpHHaHCOBOH HHq)OpMaUHH AaeT AHUb npeAEBapHTeAbHYIO OgeHKy nOAO2reHHR 3aeMIIHKa. OTBeTbI Ha BOnpOCbI, rHOSBHB1UHeCH B PC3yAbTaTe aHaAH3a IgHcp, MOryT 6blTb nOCTaBUJHKOB 3aeMigHKa,
noAy3ieHbI TOAbKO B pe3yAbTaTe 6eceAbi c caMHM 3aeMujHKOM. BoAee Toro, 6aAaHcoBble oTqeTbi H OTheTbI 0 AoxoAax He AalOT nOAHOrO npeACTaBAeHHH O niAaHax pyKOBOACTBa. 4AA rIOAyqeHHR me nOAHOM KaPTHHbI COCTOHHHfl H rAaHOB 3aeM.jIHKa COTPYAHHKH KpeAHTHoro oTAeAa AOAmHbl COBepMI1aTb npOBePHTb Aio6biX
AOCTaTO'HO HaAH'9He
aKTHBOB,
'IaCTbie
noceJeHHH
3aeMugHKa,
H tpH3H%iecKoe COCTO0IHHe BbicTynaliOgHx
Bo
BpeMR
KOTOpbIX
MaHIHH H o6OpyAOBaHHa
AaHHbIe,
o6ecneqeHHeM.
OHH
3aeMu4HKa,
co6paHHbIle
BO
MOrYT
a
Tai2me
BpeMH
BTHX npOBepKH Ka'eCTBa H TOqHOCTH (PHHaHCOBOro aHaAH3a.
noceUgeHHH MOry'T HCIIOAb3OBaTbCSI 4AA
ApyrHM aCneKTOM Ae.RTeAbHOCTH 3aeMIIHKa HBAHeTCR co6AioAeHHe HM YCAOBHH KpeAHTHOrO AoroBopa. KpoMe o6si3aTeAbcTBa 33aeMUJHKa noracHTb KpeAHT, AoroBop MomeT BKAIO'laTb B ce6ui ApyrHe yCAOBHII, TaKHe, KaK o6s3aTeAbCTBa nOAAep2KHBaTb MHHHMaAbHbIH ypOBeHb o6opoTHoro
KanHTaAa
H
AeBepeAma.
npHBeCTH K Heo6XOAHMOCTH nOBbUUeHHe yCKOpeHHe
3aeMJ1HKOM
BTHX
yCAOBHH
TaKHX KaK,
npogecca
KapToTeKa
Ha6AioAeHHH
3a
BHyTpeHHHMH
H
HanpHMep,
noraHueHHR
KpeAHTa.
KpeAHTHOH
KpeAHTOM BHeUIIHHMH
qZ4
Ha6AIoAeHHM
3a
BbinOAHeHHeM
3aeMuHKOB
ICepHOAHqeCKH COCTaBAHIOT H aHaAH3HPYIOT crelCHaAbHbIe
HH(pOpMaUHH
HHqpOpMaMHlO, ayAHTOpaMH,
coAep2HT KOTOpaR
TaK
H
OqeHb MO2KeT
Ba2KHyio 6blTb
peryAHPYIOU2HMH
C
TOmKH
*
AaHHbIe 0 AHMHTaX KpeAHTOBaHHR;
*
AoKyMeHTaUH1O o6 o6ecneqeHHH KpeAHTa;
*
MeMopaHAyM o6 oAo6peHHH KpeAHTa;
*
OUeHKY o6ecneqeHHM KpeAHTa;
*
6a30oyio HHOMopagH1O 0 KAHeHTe;
*
AaHHbie 0 AOXOAHOCTH OnepagHH KAHeHTa;
*
aHaAH3 KOHKypeHTHOCnOco6HOCTH
opraHaMH.
KaK
KapToTeKa
KAHeHTa;
*
nAaH C4eTOB;
*
OTqeTbl O nOCelgeHHH KAHeHTa;
*
eCeKBapTaAbHYlO KAacCH4PHKaUH10 PHCKOB no KpeAHTy (eCAH TaKOBbie HMeKoTcfl); HHaHCOBbie OvT'ie KAHeHTa;
-
76
3peHH%I
HCnOAb3oBaHa
KpeAHTHOH HHq)OpMaUHH AoAmHa BKAio'iaTb B ce6e CAeAyloliee:
*
MomeT
npOgeHTHOH CTaBKH, AH6o me, B KpaHHHX CAyqaMX, aHHyAHpOBaHHe AoroBopa H
yCAOBHH KpeAHTHOrO AoroBopa, 6aHKH o6sopbl.
HeBbInOAHeHHe
npHMeHeHHH K HeMy paSAHMHb]X CaHKUHH,
Ynpa.einHe KpeAHTNTMMN
(pHHaHCOBblX
KAHeHTa
y
BO3HHKHOBeHH.I
cAyqiaH
Ha
AeHCTBHH
nAaH
H
CTPaTerHIO
*
PNCJraJWH
3aTpyAHeHHf; *
nporHo3Hpyemoe ABH2KeHHe AeHe2KHbIX CpeACTB;
*
nepenHcKy c KAHeHToM;
*
OMeHKH pyKOBOACTBa;
*
Bblpe3KH H3 npeccbi
*
OTMeTbI 0
*
npolyio AOnOAHHTeAbHYIO
(O KAHeHTe);
npOBeAeHHbIX HCCAeAOBaHHSX; HHqpOpMagHI0.
nPOSAEMHbIE KPEaHbI H PABOTA C HHMH KPH3HCa
AcHe2KHoro
peC3yAbTaToM
HBAHIOTCq
KpeAHTbI
Hpo6AeMHbie
B
XOTR
KAUeHTa,
HeKOTOPbIX CTpaHaX C oneHb CAa6oH qpHHaHCOBOU AHCUHnAHHOH Ccy'eCTByeT KAacc 3aeMU4HKOB, KoTopbie MoryT, HO He 2KeAalOT noracmTb KpeA4rr.
HMeHYCMbIX 3AOCTHbIMH HenAaTeAbUgHKaMH,
HanpHMep, B BaHrAaAeLU
TaKoe fBAeHHe Ha6AioAaAocb,
8
B KOHUe
0-x
rr., noKa He BMelIaAHCb
peryAHPYI,OIHe opraHbI H He HcipaBHAH CHTyaUHIo. KpH3HC C AeHeC2HbIMH CpeACTBaMH Mo2reT HaCTynHTb BHe3anHO, HO pa3BHBaCTCH OH noCTeneHHO. 1H no Mepe ero pa3BHTHn HaBHHalOT
y6blTKOB;
BO3MOmHbIX
HacTynaiogero
npH3HaKH
nepBbie
OTAeAa
KpeAHTHOrO
H
Be3
onepaIHHi KAHeHTa.
TecHee
o opOHbl
H
0
npOTHB
npoaHaAH3HPOBaTb
COTPYAHHKOB
B3aHMOAeHCTBHe
HHOMpmaUHH
6OAbule
TeM
KAHeHTa,
l-eM
KpH3HCa.
6
AHHHeH
pacnO3HaTb
COCTO9HHH
B
6blTb
AOA2KHbi
OHH
nepBOH
ero
HBAHIOTCH
6aHKa
OTAeAa
KpeAHTHoro
COTPYAHHKH
HaCTynAeHHH.
ero
nPH3HaKH (BHeLnHHe H BHyTpeHHHe)
HO BCe 2me
CAa6bie,
nO9BARTbCH ege
6AaronoAyq'iH
UHHaHCOBOM
npUH3HaKH npo6AeMHocTH
noCTOHHHOrO o6HOBAeHHR BTOH HHOpMaUHH,
3 KpeAUTa MOryT OCTaTbC.9 He3aMeMeHHbJMH. 4
IocAe
KaK KpeAHT
TOro,
6bIA
ripeAocTaBAeH,
6bITb npeAfnpHHRTbI
AOAmHbi
npeAOTBpaueHIH y6bITKoB no HeMy. AoKyMeHTagHH no KpeCATy 6aHKa
K
OnpeAeAeHHbIX
TeteHHe
npOMe2!YTKOB
nlpOBepHTb
pa.3bHCHeHHRM
BbIBBAeHUH HBAReTCA
t4aKTOp
OTBeTCTBeHHbie
3a AaHHbiH
noABeprHyTbcH
KPHTHKe
onbIT nOKa3bIBaeT,
KpeAHT,
3a TO,
HAH,
no
B
npo6AeMHblx OAHOH
6
AOAKHa
npoayAHpoBaHa
Mepe,
KpaUHeC
IIOFOTOBAeHa
blTb
B
AAA 6aHKa
HpHeMAeMbiMH
AaloqjHe
AocTyn
K
pa3pa6oTaTb
H
6aHKy
MOrYT
Ae4CCTBHTeAbHOCTH
0
TpeBO2RHbIX
6aHK B CAOKHY)O
CHrHaAax,
cHTyaUmio.
KpeAHTbI,
Aame noCAe Toro,
HaMHOrO
xyme,
TaKHM o6pa3oM, TepseTcH AparogeHHoe BpeMq.
COTPYAHHKH,
noMex.
cepbi3Hbix
He AOKAaAbIBaTb
npo6AeMHble
CAO02HO
OneHb
KpeAHTOB CaMb1X
H3
MTO OHH BBeprAH
qTO omeHb 'aCTo
OKa3blBaiOTCH
KpeACTHoro oTAeAa.
Ha8XOAHTC
OHa
AOA?KHa o6ecneqHBaTb AoCTyn
no ero (PHHaHCOBOH OTqeTHOCTH.
(KAHeHTa)
qeAOBeqeCKHH
34 B
H
BpeMeHH
KAHeHTa,
OT'eTHOCTb
paHHero
CHCTeMbi
BbISiBAeHbl,
KAHeHTe;
0
AAR
aoKyMeHTaUHH no KpeAHTY AOA2KHa TaKmKe coAep2KaTb yCAOBHR, AaiouHe 6aHKy
ayArTOpaMH. npaBo
HHIq)opMaIHH
3q)HHaHCOBO
A!060H
Mepbi
meM
Ho
OHCb
BoAee Toro,
KaK OHH
AyMaAH
6
6
biAH
COTPYAHHKH
CHTyaIN MOm2eT
6
blTb
I1HPOKO pacnpocTpaHeHa npaKTHKa, KorAa oTBeTcTBeHHblN pa6oTHHK 6aHKa nocTosHHo B pa6o'iHx nOMeu4HHRX 3aeMUHKa A4As OTCAe2KHBaHHR onepawgUH H KOHTpOxn 3a o6opamHBaeMocTio
KaTae AOBOAbHO
cxAaAa.
77
YjrpezLAeHwe pyKwoR4cnBa N inoBmeoHN ewe
xyme,
CKpblBaeT
ecAH HX
PYKOBOACTBo
H
6aHKa,
OAHOBpeMeHHo
3HaH
o
cTapaeTcs
yVcrBArreAToCChocrN npo6AeMax
cBoero
KoMrieHCHPOBaTb
Jr
1epeCmeHam
KpeAHTHOrO
y6bITKH
no
riopTq,eAM,
obIAaeiH
HHM
PHCKOWHHbIX KpeAHTOB H cneKYARUHRMH.35
Bo
H36emaHHe aToro 6aHKH AeAaloT nepHoAH'iecKHe,
KpeAHTOB
OTAeAaMH
BHyTpeHHerO
CKpbITbIe COTPYAHHKaMH opraHaMH
Hew3MeCiHHbIe
npo6AeMHble
rnepBbIM
KOHTpOAH
6aHKa.
C
TeM,
KpeAHTHoro OTAeAa
npoBoAHMbie
pHCKaMH,
ayAHTa
HaA3opa
H
BbiHBHTeAeM
MHorHe
qTo6bi
OHH
BbIBIBHAH
npH.3HaKH npo6AeMHOCTH
peryAHpoBaHHM,
B
KpeAHTbl.
He3aBHCHMbDe H o6beKTHBHbie o63opbl
TaKme
KpeAHToB
6aHKH CTa8BT cBoeM
KpeAHTOB.
o'eHb
npoMecce aq|XpeKTHBHOrO
npo6AeMHbIx
ynyneHHbie
eAbXO BHyTpeHHee
HIpOBepKH,
qacTo
ynpaBAeHH
RsBASeTCSI
HAH
BbIRBARIOT KIpeAiHTHbIMH
CHCTeMa
BHYTpeHHero
BbiRBAeHHe
npo6AeMHbIX
KpeAHTOB H nIpHMeHHIOT CaHKUHH K KpeAHTyIOUJHM COTpyAHHKaM, eCAH npo6Aembi C KpeAHTaMH
6blAH
3aMeqCHbl
KpynHor,o 6aHKa:
KeM-To
"Mbi
ApyrHM.
KaK
cKa3aA
PYKOBoAHTeAb
omHAaem AOCTH2KeHHH 100%-H
KpeAHTHoro
BepoqTHOCTH
oTAeAa
OAHOrO
BbiSIBAeHHH npo6AeMHoro
KpeAHTa
Tpe7r,om,wme
CNHrwaAr
Heq)HHaHcOBbIMH 3aAep2KKH
B
TpesBO2HbIMH
noAy'ieHHH
OT
CHrHaAaMH
KAHeHTa
sBARIOTCHS,
HanpHMep,
Heo6OCHoBaHHbie
(PHHaHCOBOH
oTqeTHOCTH, oco6eHHO TOrAa, KOrAa KpeAHTHbIH AorOBOP COAep2IHT yCAOBHe, Tpe6ypoIIee npeAocTaBAeHHe HHpOpMaiHH B TeCeHHH OnpeAeACHHOrO npoemyrTKa BpeMeHH. PaSbqCHeHHH KAHeHTOB o npHqHHax -aaepmeK CaMH HsBAHloTcH npH3HaKaMH npo6AeMHocTH KpeAHTa. HanpHMep, ecAH KAHeHT o6BHHReT B 3aAepmKax CBOHX ayAHTOpOB, TO 3HaqHT, CyJ_qeCTBYIOT pa3HOrAaCHR me2nAy HHM H ayAHTOpaMH o TOM, KaK CAeAyeT OTpa3HTb Ty HAH HHyIO cTaTbIO B 6aAaHce HAH KaK cAeAyeT HCflOAb3oBaTb Te HAH HHbie MeToAbi y'eTa. ECAH 8TH pa3HOrAaCHs COXpaHRTCR, TO ayAHTOpbl MOryT AaTb csoe
KBaAH(pHMHpOBaHHoe
3aKAIOqeHHe.
aToro
143-3a
ayAHToPOB Ha ApyrHx - 6oAee rH6KHx, 'To
KOMnaHHH
TaK2Ke 6yAeT
MO2eT
nOMeHSHrb
CBOHX
sBAHTbcS nPH3HaKoM HaABHralOIHXcHC
npo 6 AeM. 4pyrHMH
He43HHaHCOBbIMH
AeHSTeAbHOCTH KoMriaHHH KAHeHTa
KAHeHTa,
npH3HaKaMH
omHAaeMbie
HAH He6AaronpHRTHbie AaTb
OT'eTHoCTH
AeTaAbHbie
MomeT
6bITb
AOA2KHbl
CYU_eCTBOBaTb
AOA2KHbl
yMeTb
MOryT
PaAHKaAbHb1e
6bITb
Pe3KHe
HSMeHeHHH
H3M3eHeHHH
B
COCTase
TeHAeHUHH Pa3BHTHH Ha PbIHKe 3aeMuiHKa.
pa3HcHeHHHfnno pacUeHeHo
KaK
n1o00y
OTKa3
Tex
HAH
HHbIX
OT COTPYAHMH1eCTBa
rnaHax
PYKOBOACTBa
HemeAaHHe me
CTaTeH H
B
q)HHaHcoBoH
AOBepHH,
KOTOpbie
H KAHeHTa. B XyAin1eM cAyqae, sTO He2KeAaHHe KAHeHTa Mo2KeT 6blTb o6ycAOaAeHo cTpeMAeHHeM CKpblTb KaKHe-AH6o HenpHHTHbie qakTbi. H Hao6opOT, HHorAa KAHeHT MOmeT HMeTb onpaEsAaHme cBoeMy OTKa3y AaBaTb Ty HAm HHnIO HHHpOpMagHio; HanpHMep, C MeAbIO 3aI1HTbl OT KOHKypeHTOB. COTpYAHHKH BO B3salMOOTHOI1eHHHx
6aHxa
Ho
OnpeAeAeHHOH
nOHRTb,
HHqOpMaUHH.
OMeHKY CHTyaMHH HHq)opMaUHH.
KOrAa
3AoynoTpe6AxeT
KpeAHTylowHe
H OnpeAeAMTb,
PasyMeeTcR,
KAHeHT
COTpYAHHKH
CTOHT AH 6aHKy
CBOHM
npaBoM
AOA2KHbi
6aHKa
Ha Hepa3rAamIIeHHe
npOH3BeCTH
HacTaHBaTb Ha noAyqeHHH
TuaTCAbHY1O
TOH HAH HHOU Aio6bie HapyllleHHR YCAOBHH KpeAHTHOrO Aorosopa AOA2KHbi 6biTb
35 APHCTO6YAO Ae XyaH 1987.
78
pncKramn
YnpaAueHNe KpeamTBwiwm
Oco6eHHo Cyu4eCTBeHHbIMH ABA.HIOTCH
paCcAeAOBaHbI.
TgaTeAbHO
3anpeTHreAbHbIX
HapyMiieHHH
oroBOpOK, orpaHHMHBalO4gHx o6beMbl AOnOAHHTeAbHbIX 3aeMHbIX CpeACTB.
aHaAHsa (HHaHcOBOH 3
npOHBHTbCSI
MoryT
KpeAHTa
npoBeAeHHH
npH
oTqeTHoCTH. OAHaKo B BTOM cAy'iae HenpHRTHOCTeH yme He H36emaTb.
npH[HaKH
( 3HHaHCOBbie
npo6AeMHocTH
npH3HaKH
Lt)HHaHCoBbie
npo6AeMHOCTH
MO4H¢HKXaHio
qepe3
npOHBHTbCq
MOryT
KpeAHTa
KpeAwToB, npeAOCTaBAReMbiX 3aeMu_HKy. HanpHmep, Ce3OHHble KpaTKOCpOMHble KpeAHTbl MOFyT Bce 6oAee 'acTble BeqHo3eAeHbIMH". Bo3o6HOBAHTbcHI nOCToHHHO H B pe3yAbTaTe CTaHyT
o6
npocb6bi
KAHeHTa
AHMHTOB
oBepApacpTa YCAOBHH
CpeACTB.
CBHAeTeAbCTBOBaTb
MOrYT
KpeAHTOB
HCnOAb3OBaTb
KpaTKOCPO'IHblH
q)HHaHCOBOro
nAaHHpoBaHHa,
AOA2KHbl KpeAHT
AH6o
OCHOBHblX
HeAocTYnHOCTH
CH7yalUHR HepeAKa B pa3BHBaEOI.HXCH CTpaHaX. HIpH'HHbi AOA2KHbi
6
YCTaHoBAeHHbIX
ABHmeHHH
KpeAHTOB.
!3eARM
COOTBeTCTBOBaTb
H3-3a
yBeAHqeHHH
HeHOPMaAbHOCTH
0
Ha 3aKynKy
o6
HAH
cpoKa KpeAHTOBaHHR
YBeAHMeHHH
CpeACTB
AH6o
AOArocpolHbix
AeHe2HbIX
3aeMUJHK H3-3a
MO2KeT
nAoxoro
KpeAHTOB
HeCOOTBeTCTByio0i_erO
-
aTa
HCnOAb3OBaHHH
blTb pacCAeAOBaHb1.
fIepBas peajxriow Ha
m7oeTHfmaHAHO
OT Toro, HBAHIOTCH
He3aBHCHMO HeqlHHaHcoBbIMH,
npo6Aemmbre vpegmw
AH npH3HaKH
npo6AeMHOCTH
KpeAHTa
(pHHaHCOBbIMH
KpeAHTHOrO OTAeAa 6aHKa.
OHH AOA2KHbI HaCTOpO2KHTb COTPYAHHKOB
HAH
PaHHee
HX BblHBAeHHe no3BoAHeT BbIHrpaTb BpeCMH Ha c6op Heo6xoAHMoH HH(pOpMaUHH H pa3pa6oTKy CTpaTerHH. KaKHX-TO YHHBepCaAbHbIX mep 3AeCb He CylgeCTByeT; ece 3aBHCHT OT AaHHOrO 9 KOHKpeTHOFO KpeAHTa. 3xpeKTHBHbie npeAnpHHTHH
npo6AeMaMH. 6oAee
caMH cnpaBAHlOTC3 CO CBOHMH cnaAaMH H
KOMnaHHH c 60Aee HH3KHM ypOBHeM aqxfpeKTHBHOCTH BO3HHKaioT B aTOH CBH3H
Y
CAO2KHb1c
npo6AeMbl.
HaH6oAee
CAO2KHblH cAyqaH
KoHKypeHTHocnoco6HoCTb,
TepRnougHe
CBOIO
oKamyTcA
HeBepHbIMH,
rIOTOMY MTO
OHH ycyry6nT nOAO2KeHHe
npeACTaBAHIOT
B CAy'iae,
3aeMIIHKa.
eCAH
KorAa
co6o0i
3aeMu3HKH,
CTpaTerHH
COTpyAHHK
H
Mepbi
KpeAHTHoro
OTAeAa 3aMe'iaeT yxyAmiaioU4HHCR KpeAHT, OH AOA2KeH npeAnPHHHTb CAeAyioIgHe Mepbl: *
npoaHaAH3HpoBaTb npo6AeMbi 3aeMIUHKa;
*
npOKOHCyAbTHpOBaTbCH
COTpyAHHKaMH
C
oTAeAa,
3aHHMaiOl_HMHCn
npo6AeMHbIMH
KpeAHTaMH HAM C pyKOBOACTBOM;
*
peKOMeHAOBaTb AaTb KpeAHTy 6oAee HH3KyIO KAaccH(pHKaUHIO H npeKpaTHTb OTpameHHe npOleHTOB nO KpeAHTy B
*
AOXOAax 6aHKa;
co6paTb HH)OpMaUHio O TOM, rAe eige 6aHK MO2KeT CTOAKHYTbCR C pHCKOM B pa6oTe C AaHHbIM KAHeHTOM;
* *
emeAHeBHO cAeAHTb 3a ctieTOM KAHeHTa Ha npeAMeT BO3HHKHOBeHHR oBepApa¢Ta; BeKCeAH, o6ecne'ieHHx, rapaHTHH, AOKyMeHTa2Hio, npOCMOTpeTb BCIO KpeAHTHYIO HnOTeKy;
*
H3y"HTb BO3MO2KHOCTb noAy'CHHH o6ecnetieHHq (B cAy'ae, eCAH KpeAHT Heo6ecnelieH);
*
Bbipa6oTaTb nAaH KOppeKTHPYIOU4HX Mep.
C6op HHJOpMaUHH 'pe3BbiNaHHo
.aaae'rc.
caM
HCTOMHHKaM:
C6op
3aeMU4HK. Ho K ApyrHM
o6bl-rHo
6aHKaM,
H TpaKTOBKa aTOH
BameH. B HAeaAe, HaHAy'iUIHM HCTO'IHHKOM HHq)opmauHH 3a
HHcpOpMaU,HeH
K nOCTaBL4HKaM
HHq3OpMaUHH
AOA2KHbi
79
H
CAeAyeT o6pajaTbcs
K OCHOBHbIM
nOKynaTeARM
H K APyrHM npoAyKI.HH.
nOMO'lb BbISIBHTb npo6AeMbl H CTeneHb HIX
JrpeilAeHHe pyJOBogCTBa H J7OhiMeHHi
CAOmHOCTH.
IHOCAe
3aBepmemHH
aToro
VYBCTBHTOAbHOCTH AJ MepeveHaM
npogecca
nepeXOAHTb
MOmiHO
K
onpeAeAeHHIO
CAeAyoligHX miaroB H Bblpa6OTKe nAaHa.
Ha nepeom aTane Bbipa6OTKH ruAaHa Heo6xOAHMO onpeAeAH,b, HeKoTopble
6aHKH cqHTalOT,
qTO PYKOBOAHTb
KTO 6yAeT HM pyKoBo4HTb.
8THM AOA2KeH COTPYAHHK
KpeAHTHOrO OTAeAa,
OTBeTCTBeHHblIH 3a AaHHbiH KpeAHT, nOTOMY
WTO aTOT 'eAOBeK Ayqlue1, leM KTO-AH6o ApyroH, 3HaeT 3aeMIJHKa, HAH nOTOMy, xITO pa3 OH npHBeA K BO3HHKHOBeHHIO TaKOH CHTya4HH, TO OH H AOA2eH Bblpy'aTb 6aHK. ApyrHe 6aHKH Co3AaiOT AA.! aToro He3aBHCHMbie OTAeAbI, KOTOpbie
Bbipa6aTbIBalOT
6oAee
B3aHMOOTHOLueHHs
o6IbeKTHBHbIi
C KAHeHTOM.
nOCKOAbKy
noAxoA,
HM
Pa6oTa
c npo6AeMHbIMH KpeAHTaMH Tpe6yeT MHorO BpeMeHH
BpeMH,
3aTpa-IHBaeMoe
npo6AeMHoro
COTpYAHHKOM
KpeAHTa,
6aHKa,
oTAeAa
H
HeAocTaTo'IHO
6aHKa AOAmHbi
oTpaCAH,
npo6AeMHbie
AHKBHAa4HH
H
TeM
C
mecTKHM.
KpeAHTbI,
aKTHBOB,
MemaiarOT
pbIHOK,
Ha
npeAoCTaBAeHHe
Ha
ApyroH CTOpOHbl,
AparogeHHoe
06bVqHO,
T.e.
qeM npeHMyIleCTB.
C OAHOH
H 3aTpaT.
3HaeT
CyIeCTByIOiHe
CTOpOHbi,
BOccTaHoBAeHHe
HOBblX
KpeAHTOB.
COTpyAHHKa C 3aeMUAHKOM MOFYT CAeAaTb ero noAxoA
nOTpaTHTb
6yAyT
B KOTOpOH oHa pa6OTaeT.
HaH6OAee
KOTOpbliH
6bl 6bITb noTpaIeHO
MorAo
KpoMe TOrO, AHqHbie B3aHMOOTHOmIeHHR Heo6beKTHBHbIM
He
06a noAxoAa HMelOT 6OAbllCe HeAOcTaTKOB,
Ha
cnegHaAbHOro
H3y'ieHHe
KOMnaHHH
6aHKH riepeAalOT B CrIegHaAbHbliH
Te KpeAHTbi,
3aeM11HKaM,
BpeMR
COTPYAHHKH
C
no
KOTOpblM
KOTOpbIMH
6aHK
6aHK B
penIHA
6yAyujeM
H
OTAeA AHH1b Ao6HBaTbcA pa6oTaTb
He
co6HpaeTcHR. HanpHMep, OAHH 6aHK OCHOBbIBaA riOAHOCTbIO CBOH pellleHHR Ha meAaHHH HAH He2KeAaHHH nOA4ep2KHBaTb C KAHeHTOM OTHOlueHHR B 6yAyWeM. ECAH 3aeMU4HK - KOMnaHHH, C KOTOpOH 6aHK He co6npaeTcH noAAepA HBaTb OTHOlueHHH B 6yAygeM, TO npo6AeMHblii KpeAHT nepeAaeTcH
B
orpaHHqeHHH .
q)aKTopoB.
B
cnegHaAbHblH OAHaKo
oTAeA
MeTOAbI
6aHKa
pa6oTbl
c
c
nepeAaqei
Tex CTpaHax, rAe 6OAb1UHHCTBO npeAnpHnTHH,
nepeCTpaHBaTbCH,
eMy
npo6AeMHblMH
npaBa
KpeAHTaMH
a, CAeAoBaTeAbHO,
nIpeAnpHHTHHMH. 3 6 B
CTpyKTYpy
OAHH
OT
MHOrHX
H 6aHKOB 6yAyT
rpeAcTaBAAeTc.l 6oAee npaKTHqHbIM crpynnHpoBaTb peAKHX CriegHaAHCTOB B
o6AacTH pa6OTbl c ripo6AeMHbIMH KpeAHTaMH B Cnej,HaAbHbliH OTeA, BTHMH
6es
AeHCTBoBaTb 3aBHCqT
pa3
C TeM,
aTHX
'To6bi
o6CTOATeAbCTBax nOTOM
He
6aHKy
npHI1JAOCb
npou;e
KOTOpbiH 6bl 3aHHMaACR cpa3y
3aTHrHBaTb
H3MeHHTb
npoUecc
CBOIO
pa6oTbl
C
npO6AeMHbIMH KpeAHTaMH. 06bl-'Ho 6aHKH CTapaiOTCE nOMOraTb 3aeMu,HKaM B peCIueHHH HX (pHHaHCOBbIX npo6AeM, HO BTO HyMtlHO AeAaTb o'eHb OCTOpO2KHO. C OAHOH CTOpOHbl, 6aHKH cTapaioTCq 3aguHTHTb CBOH aKTHBbI H B npogecce aToro MOrYT IOBAHHTb Ha pelleHHH pyKOBOACTBa -3aeMuHKa HAH Aame 3aCTaBHTb ero llpHHHTb TO HAH HHOe peCIIeHHe. KAHeHTbi me, c ApyroH CTOpOHbl, MOryT AH 6 o noTpe6oBaTb HeBMem1IaTeAbCTBa B HX AeAa, AH6o me npHBeTCTBOBaTb KOHCTpYKTHBHbiH COBeT. C
iOpHAHqeCKOH TOqKH 3peHH,l, InpH
CTpaTerR 3
COBeT - aTO peKOMeHAaiHH,
npeAOCTaBAsIMma
6aHKoM
KAHeHTy.
aTOM 6aHK He AOA2eH BMellHBaTbC$i B npogecc npHHITHH pellueHHH nOCAeAHHM.
AeCb
npo6AeMHbli
36 a.
He
cilacearLa
cyigeCTByeT
Kpe4'HTa
KaKHX-AH6o
YHHBepCaAbHbIX
npaBHA,
nOCKOAbKy
Ka2KAblH
KpeAHT yHHKaAeH, HO HaH6oAee IHpOKo pacnpocTpaHeHbI CAeAY3OgIHe nOAXOAbl:
WeHr 1990a.
80
ll
~
~
~~ ~ ~ |
~
|
|H
~
~
~
~
|MC
e
lr
RaM HaFCM
Yn'paasIeNe Kpe,A'NTHJIMN poCKaSM
*
paspa6oTKa nporpambi H3MeHeHHn CTPYKTYPbI 3aAoAmeHHOCTH;
*
noAy'ieHHe AonOAHHTeAbHOH AOKyMcHTaIgHH
*
yAep2KaHHe AonOAHHTeAbHoro o6ecneqeHHa;
*
nsomeHHe AonoAHHTeAbHbIX CpeAcTB;
*
npoAama o6ecneMeHH.s;
*
npoAama npOlHx aKTHBoB;
*
o6pauAeHHe K rapaHTaM;
*
opraHH3aHR cOaBMeCTHorO TOBaPHU,jCTBa H BAo2KeHHe KanHTaAa;
*
pa6oTa c PYKOBOACTBOM no BbiHBAeHHio npo6AeM H noHCKy HX pelleHHH;
*
pa3pa6oTKa nporpamm CoKpaijgeHHs
*
npoAa2Ka KoMnaHHH TpeTbeH CTOpOHe;
*
3aMeHa pyKOBO4CTBa;
*
Ha3HaseHHe
H rapaHTHU;
pacxoAon;
H
co6cTBeHHoro
KanHTaAa
pa6OTbl
AAR
KOHCYAbTaHTOB
ynpaBASilOIIHX
HMeHH
OT
KoMnaHHeH
c
6aHKa; yBeAHseHHe
*
3a
KoMnaHHH
ApyrHx
HAH
BAaAeAbDieB
c'ieT
CTOpOH; *
peopraHu3agUH
*
opraHH3aH
*
noAy"eHHe
KOMriaHHH (BHe cyAa); HHCTHTyTa;
qpHHaHCoBoH nOMOU4H CO CTOpOHbl Apyroro (PHHaHCoBoro npaBHTCAbCTBeHHb[X
CpeACTB
noAyseHHeM
C
rapaHTHU
AAA
6ioAmeTa
H3
o6CAy2KHBaHHS1 AoAra; TaKHX
Mep,
IOPHAHsCCKHX
npHHRTHe
*
KaK
ocpHUHaAbHoe
npoAama 3aAora, eCAH KperHT HaXOAHTbCH Ha nOCAeAHeC
K
o6pa1jeHHe
rapaHTy
H
CTaAHH yxyAIJeHHSI;
OqJOpMAeHHe AOKyMeHTOB o 6aHKpoTCTBe.
*
HCKOTOpbie H3 KOTOpblX npHBeAeHbl B
BbI6op CTpaTerHH 3aBHCHT OT MHO2KCCTBa qaKTOpOB, BcTaBKe
3.6. aJUWBOB H 6yXraATepcIroe oISopMAeHHe
KAaccCHpONarl, HlOTeHUHaAbHb1e TaKHx
KAaCCHPHKaUHR
KaK
npogeAyp,
rnpo6AeMHble
CYWCCTByOijHe
peaAbHO
H
CO3AaHHe
aKTHBOB,
Tpe6ylOT no
pe3epBoB
e KpeCATOB.
OBepApaMTOB H cnHcaHC
yseTa npo6AeMHbIx KpeAHrTOB,
KPCAHTbl
Ka2KAaR
npHMeHeHHR BeAeHHe
KpeAHTaM,
HU3 BTHX npo째eCyp
onucaHa HHuKe. ,KaCCacHpHKaMHN
KpeAHTY B MoMeHT ero npeAocTaBAeHHH.
no Ka2KAOMY
37
awKTBOB. Bce 6oAbmee 'iHcAo 6aHKoB KAaCCH(PHUHPY1OT KpeAHTHbie pHCKH
KpeAHTHbl
peHTHHr
OCHOBaH
yKa3bIBaAocb parHube, B pa3Aeke pasBaBaiouMHxcn lpHHaHcoBbiM
PbIHKax
6aHKH
noKa3aTeASM.
noApo6HOM
Ha
37
HCXOAHblH
H rAy6oKoM
peHTHHr nO3BoAHeT 6aHKaM
KpeAxTHoro
aHaAH3e
pHcKa,
waAOA2meHHOCTHA. AHaAH3 HCTOMHHKOB CpeACTB AAS noranueHHh cnoco6 ojeHKH HaAeC2HocTH pa3pa6oTaAH MexaUHcTHqecKHH
TaKoi
MexaHHcTHmecKHHi noAxoA nOABH2MHOCTbIO,
H
qpeBaT BbiCOKHM Ha
pbIHKax,
pHCKOM
xaK
9TO
B HeKOTopblX KpeAHTa
no
B oco6eHHocTH
Ha
rAe
ny6AIKyeMan
OHH
He
(lHHaHcoBaB
BbICOKOH xapaKTepHsyioWHXCB oUeHKe HHIpOPMaIHR He OTcpaKaeT Aei4cTBHTeAbHoCTh. MeTOAbl OUeHKH KpeAHTOB no o9KaM, HcnioAbayeMbiii npH noAxoAa CTaTHCTHqecKoro npHIIHnaM cooTBeTCTByeT H norpe6HTeAbcxHx KpeAHToB, HMeeT ysxoe npHMeHeHHe pboHa,
rpMH
ynpaBAeHHH
KpeAHTHbIMH
nOpTAMH
HHAHBHAyaAbHbix
KOMnaiiHHH.
81
3aeMWHKOB.
roAgTcH
AJU
oUeHKH
YxpeCI.IeHHe p,EO4FoACTBa H noIwmeHHJN
6aAaHcHpoBaTb
npOBOAfT
CTaHAapTaMH.
no0BAeHHH KaKHx-AH6o npo6AeM,
IpH
3aBHCHMOCTH OT cTeneHH caMH
nlOpTqpeAJX H CHrHaAH3HpOBaTb 0 flepBOOqepeAHb1X
PHCK CBOHX KpeAHTHb1X
HanpaBAeHHHx npoBepOK.
o3CTBHTeAhHOCrH x nepemeliam
w
H
pHCKa
KAaccH(HKaUH1O
KAaCCH(HKaUHH
BePORTHOCTH
B
HOPMaAbHoro
CoOTBeTCTBHH
MO2KeT
6aHKa
KAaCCcHHKaWHm noraiieHHH
C ycTaHoBAeHHb1MH
6blTb
cKoppeKTHpoBaHa,
MeHHeTCH B
BaHKH
KpeAHTOB.
HaA3opa
opraHaMH
eCAH
B
PeByAbTaTe
nlpOBeAeHHoH peryAHpyIOlnHMH OpraHaMH nipoBepKH 6blAO yCTaHOBAeHO, 'ITO KAaCCH(jHKaWm 6aHKa
6blAa
CAHIUKOM
KAaccHPHKagHm,
MurKoOH.
Hpo6AeMHblM
KpeAHTaM
KoTopaH M0o2eT MeHRTbCR B npo&iecce Hx
cTeneHb HX IIpO6AeMHOCTH (CM. Ta6AHUy
npHcBamBaeTcH
o6paTHaa
cnaceHHR" c TeM, 'TO6bi
oTpa3HTb
3.2).38
BcTaBKa 3.6 Bbi6op
l7po6AemrHre o6AacTN
TaKme
OgeHKa
cTpaTerFH
"AeqeHE"
CTpaTere
]7oBHgEH
6awoa
FepcneKTHBbl
FepecTpoHiKa
pa3BHTHR oTpaCAH HoAo2KeHHe
3aeM-
IIlHKa B OTpaCAH
*
YBeAHqHTb o6ecnegeHHe
M02KHO
*
OTAO2KHTb fAaTe2r
HcnpaBHTm
*
HOMFeHTb pyKOBOACTBO
CW)HHaHCOBoe COCTOAHHe KCaHeCTBO
|Caa
ynpaBAeHHA
Ka'ecTBo o6ecne'eHHA
no
Tpe6oBaHHR
KCPe,A,HTaM
YxOA
HyTH BbIxoAa
HIFAb331
KpiH6blAbHOCTb
HCnpaBHTh
|lpoAa
4
a 3aAora
CyAe6Hoe
CneWraAbHbie pHCKH
pa36HpaTeAbCTBo
HC7TwHAw: By3-AAeH H raMHAbTOH.
Co-4aHnfe pesepBoB no
Kpe.4HTam.
IOCAe
Toro,
KaK 6bAUH BbiMBAeHbi npo6AeMHbe aKTHBbl,
6aHKy CAeAyeT Co3AaTb aAeKBaTHbie pe3epBbi npOTHB BO3MO2r.HblX y6bITKOB.
6aHKOB
TaKOBa,
-ITO OHH co03AaioT
o61e pe3epabi acey no
06zi'rHo
KpCAHTH0My
nOAHTHKa
nOpTceAlo
H
cnegHaAbHbae Pe3epBbIH no KOHKpeTHbIM KpeAHTaM.
38 4Au OgeHKH H aKTHBOB,
CogAaHHe
PeKoMeHAyembie
KAaCCHqHK&UHH pesepBOB
HanpaBAeHHJI
H
aKTHBOB H COSAaHHK pe3epBOB
rIpHOCTaHOBKa
(MHpoBoH
6aHK,
HHTepeCeH MaTepaHA
BbirAaTmi
llpOeHTOB
OT,AeA
pa3pa6oTKH
BaMHHrTOH, 1990).
82
B
pa6oTe:
tPHHaHCOOH
SGI, KAaCCH(pXKaWa PyKOBOACTO
6aHKoM:
nOArHThH
CMCTeM.
H
Ynp&uAeH,e KpeA'nTNhrMN pNCKaxMr
HpaBUAa
CO3AaHHH -
peKoMeHAaTeAbHbIMH
YCTaHaBAHBaTb
STO
CnHCaHHS
3aBHCHT
KpeAHTOB
6aHKOBCKOii
OT
6blTb
Moryr
H o6H3aTeAbHbiMH, HaA3opa
OpraHbI
CHCTeMbi.
H
MoryT
HAH He YCTaHaBAHBaTb aTH npaBHAa. HaAoroo6AomeHHe o6uJHX H CneUHaAbHbIX
CHAbHO
pewepBoe
H
pe3epBOB
K CTpaHe.
OTAH'aeTCH OT CTPaHbI
B
rAC
CTpaHax,
OTCyTCTBYHoT
meCTKHC
maaCTO CaMH YCTaHaBAHBaoT YPOBHb KpeAHTOB, no
CTaHAapTbI KAaCCH(PHKaUHH aKTHBOB, 6aHKu
KOTOpbIM npeKpangeHo HaqHCAeHHe, pa3mepbi pe3epBoB no KpeAHTaM H y6blTKH. 3To npUHBOAHT K HeTOqHOCTH npeACTaBACHH5
AaHHbIX B (HHaHCOBbIX
K aKKYMyAHpOBaHHIO
oTqeTax,
HeHBHbIX
y6blTKoB H, B KOHUC KOHUOB, K 6oAbUIHM (PHHaHCOBbIM 3aTpaTaM.
Y-feT KpeAHTa
yereTe
rzpo6AeMHrmx Kpe,4HoB.
H npOgeHTbi no HeMy, TO 6aHK
B
Cl1A,
B
HaKOHAeHHR.
no npHHUHny
6aHKH
ECAH
Hc
3aeMUAHK
AOA2KeH
OTCYTCTBHH
B cAyqae, eCAH BbilrAaTbI
norawaeT
OCHOBHYIO
BOBPeMA
CYMMY
PeCUHTb, CTOHT AH eMy OTpa2KaTb KPCAHT B
CMRr'iaiOJgHx
npOCPOqCHbi
o6CToHTeAbCTB, '1cm Ha
6oAee,
OTKa3aTbCfl OT npHHUHna HaKOnAeHHH, H BCH CyMMa HaqHCAeHHbIx,
HaUHOHaAbHbie
90 AHeH, AOA2KHbl
HO HC nOAYMCHHbIX npOMeH-
Ta6AHMa 3.2 KAaCCcHq3HcajHKU ipeAHTHOH
OTAeA 6aHia
nOAOA
KAaccmepH-
IOAHTHKH npH yIpaBAeHHH xpeaHTamH
4
aCToTa
4
acToTa
ma,uHs HaAeKHas
I1OAAeP2KHBaTb H
aeAOBOA OTACA
roAoBaA
KBapTaAbHaA
AeAOBOi OTTeA
HoAyrOOBaoB
KBapTaAbHaA
OTAeA
KBapTaAbHaR
MecsqHaA
KBapTaAbHaA
MeCCqHaR
KBapTaAbHafa
MecsRHaU
pa3BHBaTb BbirOAHbIC OTHOIIIeHHR
CAa6as
AAA
xOMneHCaUHH
yBeAHMHTb o6ecnemeHHe/3aAor
HecTaHAap THaA
lepeCTpyKTyPHPOBaTb HAH YHTH AAH
BOCCTaHOBAeHHA
BOCCTaHOBAeHHa aKTHBOB
KpeAHTOB
6aHKa COMHHTeAb-
3
HaA
'ITo6bi H36emaTb IIOTepb
HoTepH
3
OTAeA
aKpbITb KpeAHT,
BOCCTaHoBAeHHS KpeAHTOB
OTAeA
aKpbITb KpeAHT,
MTo
6
bi Hs6emKaTb nOTepb
BOCCTaHoBAeHHA KpeCATOB
HCToqHHK.
a
By3-AAeH & raMHJAbTOH.
lepHoA npoAoAKaeTC-H
AO Tex
nop, noKa AoAr He cnHcaH H 6aHK He OCTaBHA nOnbIDTlH nOAyHHTb CBOH
AeITHbH HaBaA.
83
Yirpeozemre pyNOo4'oxerT
N DoomeomN 'yaceBrreAowocrmirKiepememam AoxoAoB 6aHKa. ECAH
TOB AOA2KHa 6blTb cnHcaHa co cqeTa HX AOXOAOB 6yAeT 3aBbJLueH. H
TO Pa3MeP
OHH He CAeAajoT BToro,
XOTH aTO Tpe6oBaHHe AeHCTByeT BO MHOrHX CTpaHaX, npaKTHKa
OT CTPaHbl K CTpaHe CUAbHO pa3AH4aeTcfl.
Tpe6oBaHaH.
Ha'qHHaf
K
OT Tpe6oBaHHI
peKOMeHAaIUHRMH HHKaKHX
OTKa3y
Mep.
HaqHcAeHHe
6aHKy
Y'leT
OT
npHHaHna
llpHHHTHS9
Mep
peiuaTb BOnpOC npHHRTHR
nAaTe2meH
npOUeHTHb1X
pa3AHIaeTCR
OT CTPaHbl
K
pa3AHqa1OTCR
HaKOriAeHHH
HeMeAAeHHbIX
no
OT CTpaHbl
B cAy'qae HerAaTeKa,
K
H
cTpaHe;
3aKaHqHBaR
mep caMoMy HAH BOo6JJe He npHHHMaTb KpeAHTaM,
CTpaHe.
nO
HeKoTopble
KOTOpbIM 6aHKH
npoH3BoAHTcx
He
OTHOCHT
HX
Ha cqeT
AoxoAOB; 6oAee KOHCepBaTHBHbJe 6aHKH yMeHbiUaiOT Ha HX BeAH'HHY CYMMY OCHOBHOrO AOAra. YieT momeT Tarme pa3AHqaTbcR B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT TOrO, pa6oTae'r AH 3aeMu4MK B 'aCTHOM HAH
B
rOCYAapCTBeHHOM
B
ceKTOpe.
CTpaHax
HeKOTOpblX
KpeAHTbi
npeAnpHMTHRM
rOCYAaPCTBeHHoro ceKTopa y'HTbiBaiOTCR no npHHIIHry HaKOnAeHHH, T.K. CqHTaeTCA,
B
6yAeT noraiueH rocyAapcTBoM.
B KOHMe KOHUOB,
TOAbKO B TOM cAy'iae, eCAH HMeeTCH npaBHTeAbCTBeHHax rapaHTHR. y 6 blTKH
Ha'IHHaiOT
aKKyMyAHpoBaTbcSi,
HenAaTemecnoco6HOcTH
B
%ITO,
3
CBOIO
6aHKa H Heo6xOAHMocTH H3MeHeHHH
YYeT
oBep4paqnTOB.
OBepApaqpTbi,
o6opoTHoro
HCnOAbsylOTCR
KaK
OBepApacpTaMH
oco6eHHo
CBoeBpeMeHHoe
B
H3-3a
Ho
KanHTaAa.
pa3BHTbIX,
TaK
H
'TO
SAOPOBbIX
rH6KocTH, npHiqHHe
B pa3BHBaloigHxcn
nOTOMy,
CAO2KHO
BeCbMa
npHBOAHT
K
ero CTpyKTypbI 3a cqeT CpeACTB
cBoei
aTOH
AeAaTb
To nPHBOAHT K TOMy, %ITO O'IepeAb,
rocyAapCTBeHHoro 6ioAmeTa, a TaK2Ke K BbiTecHeHHIO nOTeHCHaAbHO
4UHHaHCHpOBaHHH
ITO AOAr,
HeKOTOpbiX CTpaHax BTO pa3peuieHo
HCnOAbS3yOTCH OBepApaq)Tbl
cTpaHax.
HenpOCTO
3aeMIJHKOB.
OAHaKO
AAR
UIHpOKO
ynpaBAeHHe
onpeAeAHTb,
WTO
TaKoe
o6CAymHBaHHe
AOAra B AaHHOM cAyLiae. OBpeApaqpTaMH mHpOKO 3AoynoTpe6AHIOT, KanHTaAH3HPYSI HenOAy-ieHHbIe npogeHTbi, 'ITO BeAeT K 3aBbllleHHIO pa3mepa
AOXOAa, KanHTaAa
H aKTHBOB.
BOT
HeKOTOpbIC H.3 onpeAeAeHHH
Hepa6oTaioigHx
OBepApa(pTOB:
3a nocAeAHHe 90 AHeH AeHbrH Ha c'eT AH6o Boo6u4e He nocTynaAH, AH6o nocTynaAH B HeAOCTaTO'qHOM AAR BblnAaTbi npogeHToB KOAH4ecTBe;
60
HenoraiUeHHaa cyMMa B Te'IeHHH
pasmep HenoralmeHHoro OCTaTKa
Ha
10%
AHeHi Ha Aio6yio CyMMy npeBballaeT AHMHT KpeAHTa HAH
npeBbimlaeT BeAH'iMHy AHMHTa;
BpeMeHHbliH Ae6eToBblii OCTaToK coxpaHReTcR B Teq'eHHc 60 AHei (Ae6eTOBblA OCTaTOK no TeM OBepApa(PTHblM cmeTam, no KOTOpbIM He 6blAU yCTaHOBAeHbl AHMHTbl KpeAHTOBaHHSI); CPOK AeHCTBHR oBepApacyra HCTeK, a nAaTemH no Hemy npocpoqeHbl 6oAee, 'eM
6e3
Boso6HoBAeHHii
oBepAparpTa
Ha
STOT
nepHOA
(4A
Bo3o6HOBAeHHH
Ha
90
AHeA
Heo6xOAHMbl
nHCbMeHHaH npOcb6a KAHeHTa H oAo6peHHe KpeAHTHoro KoMHTeTa);
oAo6peHHbli
AHMHT KpeAHTa 6blA aHHyAHpOBaH,
6blA noAaH HCK HAH AeAo
AKAeira 6bwaO
nepeAaHo B KopnopaiHio no pac'IeTaM.
CIHcaHHe
0pe4HT0B.
06blRHO pemIeHHe o TOM,
AOArH,
nPHHHMaeTCH
o6s3aTeAbHblM. CinaCTH"
HAH
HoAHTHKa
6aHKOB
CnHCblBaTb
CaMHMH
B
aToiU
o6AacTH
O'eHb
CHAbHO
HAH He CnHCblBaTb COMHHTeAbHbIe
6aHKaMH,
XOTR
HAH
pa3AHqaeTcsi. 6e3HaAemHabie
cTpaHax aTO RBAReTcTC BaHKH MoryT peUIHTb CnHCaTb KpeAHT B cAy'ae, eCAH HM He yAaLTCx ero U3 coo6pameHHA HaAoroo6AomeHHfi. 4AR BeAeHHH y'eTa aKTHBOB no HX
84
B
HeKOTOpbiX
YHpaoA.eHa'e KpemmHRmmo pN cKamKi
3aeMJJHKa
qepe3
o6s3aTeAbcTBo
6oAee He Cyu,eCTByeT.
iopHAH'eCKHe
BO3MO2KHOCTH
6
rAe OT
Tex CTpaHaX,
6
OH
'qCM
cnHcaH
yAeT
B 3aKOHOAaTeAbCTBe
CyqgeCTByIOT
(TaKHe nOA02tCHHR
aTO
6yATo
KaK
TaK,
aHKOB Tpe6ylOT HC'epnaTb BCe
upeAe,
KpeAHTa
ce6H
BeAeT
B
MHOrHX
npogecc cnHcaHHH KpeAHTa pacTRrHBaeTCSI Ha HeonpeAeAeHHb!H
AaTHHoamepHKaHCKHX cTpaH), CpOK.
B
noraUIeHHH
nopaAKe
HaAoroHeo6AaraeMoM
CnHHCaHHR
rIocAe
3aeMI1HK
a
cyA,
100%/-ii
9TO ClnHCaHHe AHIUaeT HX BO3MOKHOCTH B3blCKaTb CYMMY KpeAHTa
pe3epB) Ha TOM OCHOBaHHH,
c
HeKoTopbix
BTOM
npH
(co3AaBas
aKTHBbI
6e3HaAemHbie
Aa2Ke
cnHcbiBaIOT
He
6aHKH
CTpaHax
B
KpeAHTOB.
CITHCaHHe
qaCTHqHOe
IIpHMeHnTbCH
MO2KeT
CTOHMOCTH
pb1HOwHOH
3 9
OPrAHH3AUHOHHAH CTPYKTYPA KPEAWTHO'H £PYHKUHH KpeirNn*aa' H7oAfTHKa N Ha6ArI,geHHe He
06bIqHo
(3yHKUHH.
KpynHbie OpraHH3agHOHHbie
6aHKH cosAaIOT
KpoMe
MTO 6bIAH OnHCaHbl B nPeAblAylJHX pa3AeAax.
KAHeHTa
O
nOAYMeHHH KpCAHTHOH
Bbipa6oTKa KpeAHTa;
nOAHTHKH
npoBeAeHHe
KpeAHTHblM
KpeAHTOBaHHq.
HBAqHOTCHR
oTAeAbI
TeM,
aHKH BbiAeAIIOT nepcoHaA AAA
o6pa6oTKH
3aHBKH
HX o6R3aHHOCTH
BxoAIIT:
OT
Ha'HHaH
B
opraHH.3agH
riopTcpeAeM;
OAo6peHHS9
cHcTeMbi
Tpe6OBaHHH
Bblpa6OTKa
K
KpeAHTHbIX o 3opOB C geAbIO BbiIBAeHHH npo6AeMHblX
AAs pa6oTbl B
cnaceHHH ; nOArOTOBKa nepcoHaAa
Kpe,4H7HOH
oTAeAaMH
Ha3bIBalOT
'IaCTO
CO3AaTeARMH
AeAeHHe
aTHX
)TOAJITXK HN
Ha MeC2AyHaPOAHOM
OTAeA KpeAHTOBaHHH
HagHOHaAbHbIH),
AerTeAbHOCTH
-
ero
KpeAHTOBaHHe
KpeAHTOB.
KopnOpaUHH,
Ka2AbiH H13 BTHX OCHOBHbIX oTAeAOB Mo2KeT 6bITb cerMeHTHpoBaH
ypOBHe.
eIje AaAbwe. HanpHMep,
TaKOBO:
o6bIqHO
OTAeAOB
6aHKa
aKTHBOB
OCHOBHbiX
KpeAHToBaHHe, KpeAHTOBaHHC MaAOrO 6HsHeca H KpeAHToBaHHe
pOSHH'Hoe H nOTpe6HTeAbCKoe
H
aHaAOrH"IHbIe
m KpegHTOBaHHJ1 HNpHANmaAh
(I)yHKUHOHaAbHOe
(MeCTHbIfi
eAHHHUbl,
OHH He npeAOCTaBARIOT KpeAHTbl.
OT,geAbi aTH
OTAeAbl
TH
KpeAHTHOH
opraHH3agHH
6
KpeAHTOB H CAe2KeHHH 3a npogeccom HX 3
pa6OTbl;
MCTOAOB
H
ynpaBAeHHI
Co3AaHHe (YHKgHH
Ha6ro,aeHmH.
6
KPCAHTa H 3aKaHqHBaH ero noralueHmeM.
KpeAHTHOH AOKyMeHTaUHH;
o6AacTH
Toro,
npojgecca,
KpeAHTHoro
acneKTaMH
BCCMH
3a
Ha6AioAeHHH
MOAeAH
6aHKoB
BCeX
AAA
yHHBepcaAbHOH
CyiUeCTByeT
no pa3mepy
(CTpaXOBaHHe,
o6bIqHO
KOpnOpaUHH MO2KHO pa3AcAHTb
no perHOHaM
H KpynHble KOpnopagHH)
H no ctpepe
(cpeAHHe
6aHKH-KOppeCnoHAeHTbi OCYlM4CTBASeTCH
'epe3
H
aHepreTHKa).
CcTb cJHAHaAOB,
cTpaHaX
xpeAHTOBaHHe
CAy"aRx,
HanpHMep KorAa B CTOAHMe COCpeAOTO'leHo SHaqHTeAbHOe 'HCAO
B paSBHBaio11HxcC XOTH
B
HeKOTOpbIX
3aeMJIHKOB,
OTAeAbl
KpeAHTOBaHHSI Co3AaiOTCn npH rOAOBHOH KOHTOpe. YnpaBAeHHe CTapuIHe
OTAeAOM KpeAHTOBaHHS ocygeCTBAAeTcH pyKOBOAHTeAeM OTAeAa. HaLge Bcero,
COTPYAHHKH,
OTBeTCTBCHHbie
39 4AUI KpynHoMaClIUTa6HOA noXAoAb1.
paCiHCTKH
3a BeAeHHe
nOpT(peAeNi
AeA, OTBeCalOT
C nAOXHMMH
CM. LHeeHr (1990), KOTOPbIhi CPaBHHBaeT nOAXOAbI,
HoAHUaTTo, 1990
r).
85
xpeAHTaMH
3a onpeAeAeHHyIo
rpynny
6
HCnOAb3yeMbie
bUum Hmcnpo6oBaHbi pa&ut-mbie
B 9 cTpaHax. (CM. TaKie
YJrpeHAeHwe pyOBOCTM Ar
COTpyAHHKoB
no
KpeAHTOBaHHIO
HoRrIHmeHo'
3a
HAH
vcrBTBTeAbHocTN
onpeAeAeHHble
cerMeHTbi
COTpyAHHKH HenOCpeACTBCHHo noceualOT KAHeHTOB.
K nzepemeHam
pblHKa.
KpeAHTy1onpHe
6
KaK y2Ke blAO CKa-aHO BblIllC, COTPYAHHKH KpeAHTHOfO OTAeAa AOA2KHbi 6blTb H npOAaBUaMH H BbIcoKonpoqqcccHoHaAbHbIMH qHHaHCHCTaMH. 4eAOBOe noceJleHHe - BTO HCKYCCTBO H COTpyAHHKH KpeAHTHOrO OTA4Aa npOXORT AeTaAbHblH HHCTpyKTa2K no nOArOTOBKC nocecgeHHH, npoToKoAy ero npOBeACHHH H AeHcTBHMM, CAC4ylOU,HM nocAe ero 3aBepllIeHHH. 4eAOBbie noceujeHHH OqeHb BamHbl, IOCKOAbKY OHH nO3BOARIOT COTpyAHHKaM KpeAHTrHorO
OTAeAa Ayuile nOHRTb
Cpepy AeHTeAbHOCTH KAHeHTa H PbIHOK, Ha KOTOpOM OH pa6oTaeT. KpoMe Toro, COTpyAHHKH AOA2KHbl onpeAeAHTb ()HHaHCoBble nOTpe6HOcTH KAHeHTa H Bbipa6oTaTb naKeT COOTBCTCTBY1OlJHX KpeAHTHbIX HHCTpyMeHTOB. Bo MHorHx 6aHKax pyroBOAHTeAH oTAeAOB CAeART 3a nOAroTOBKOH LnAaHoB noceIMeHH. KAHeHTa H 3a HX yCnexOM qepe3 nOAy'IeHHble OT COTPYAHHKOB OTqeTbI. KaK npaBHAO, AASI OAHOMaCOBOrO noceujeHHA Tpe6yeTcH TpH 'aca
nOArOTOBKH K HeMy.
CrapwuIe corpy4HHNKH
ApeAXlnEoro or, eAa
CTapmHe COTpyAHHKH KpeAHTHOrO OTAeAa, KOTOpbie eCTb KaK Ha YPOBHe OTAeAa, TaK H Ha cTapmiero pyKOBOACTBa, HIBAHIOTCH cneQHaAHCTaMH no KpeAHTOBaHHIO, KOTOpDie OKa3bbBalOT nOAAepmKY ApyrHM COTpyAHHKaM KpeAHTHoro oTAeAa H ero pyKOBoACTBy. KaK ypOBHe
KOHCYAbTaHTbl,
CTapIHC
COTPYAHHKH
CTPYKTypbl
KpeAHTHOrO
COTPYAHHKH
KpeAHTHOrO OTAcAa
OTAcAa
CYUIeCTBY1OUIY1O
KpeAHTHOrO
HHCTpyMeHTa
B
H
oTAcAa
Bbl6opy
AalOT
COBeTbi
OrITHMaAbHOrO
no
Bonpocam
npOAyKTa.
CTapmHe
TaKme MOrYT pa3bHCHHTb ApyrHM COTPYAHHKaM
6aHKe
KpeAHTHiyo
KpeAHTHOrO
nOAHTHKy.
06blqHO cTapUlHe COTPYAHHKH KpeAHTHOrO OTAeAa RBAHIOTCR r1peACeAaTemAMH KpeAHTHbIX KOMHTeTOB. OHH o6biqHO RBAAEOTCH BTOPbIMH nOcAe pyKoBOAHTeAeH OTAeAa (HAH Aa2re paBHbl HM) COTPYAHHKaMH, HMelOUHMH npaBo oAo6PRTb npeAOCTaBAeHHe KpeAHTa. CTapmHe COTPYAHHKH KpeCHTHorO OTAeAa pyKOBOAHT
npoAeccoM
peKOMeHAaUHH BOnpoCbl
nAaHHpOBaHHR
KpeAHTHOrO
nOpTqJeAR
o6 ypOBHqX H o6AacTsix KOH,eHTpaiHH
pyKOBOACTBO
oTAeAa,
HO
npH
BTOM
OHO
nOCpeACTBOM
[IpeAOCTaBAeHHR
KpeAHTOB. OKOHqaTeAbHO B
3HaqHTeAbHOH
Mepe
peuiaeT aTH
noAaraeTcH
Ha
Cy2KAeHHe CTapUIHX COTpyAHHKOB KpeAHTHOro OTAeAa. OAHOH
Hs
CaMbiX
Ba2KHbIX
o6s3aHHOCTefi
CTapluHX
slBAAeTcH Ha6AIOAeHHe 3a KaseCTBOM KpeAHTHorO nopTA. OTAeAa AHHHH
Ha6AiO4aloT C TeM,
3a npoBeAeHHeM
'iTO6bl
nepHoAH'ecKHX
COTpyAHHKOB
KpeAHTHOrO
OTAeAa
CTapMHe COTpyAHHKH KpeAHTHOrO
npoBepoK
KAHeHTOB
H
HX
KpeAHTHbiX
YAOCTOBepHTbcR
B cBoeBpeMeHHOCTH npoBeAeHHH BTHX IIPOBePOK H KAHeHToB. ECAH TOT HAH HHOH KpeAHT 1IpeACTaBAReTCH npo6AeMHbiM, TO CTapUiHe COTpyAHHKH KpeAHTHOrO OTAeAa - aTO nepBblH ypOBeHb, Ha KOTOpOM paCCMaTpHBaeTCSr KpeAHTocnoco6HocTH
BTOT KpeAHT. CTapwHe COTPYAHHKH
KpeAHTHOrO
OTeASa npOBOAHT nepHOAHIeCKHe npoBepKH (oUeHKH) KoMneTerHTHOCTH COTpyAHHKOB KpeAHTHOrO OTAeAa. 1H pellleHHH 0 npeAOCTaBAeHHH COTPYAHHKY AOnOAHHTeAbHbIX HAH AHiIIeHHH ero CyIgeCTBYIOIIHX rIOAHOMOqHH no npeAOCTaBAeHHIO KpeCATa OCHOBbIBaHOTCs B 6 OAbIOH CTTeneHH Ha pcKomeHAagHmx cTapLmHx COTPYAHHKOB KpeAHTHOrO
OTAeAa.
86
YJZpa&IeHNe JipeCHTHJTMH pHCJraMN
OT.4eA Jrpe4NTHOON JOKNiMCeHTaMNH OTAeA IIOAHTHKH
iOpHAHqeCKOMy
AH6o
Ha6AIoAeHHH,
H
6blTb
MO2teT
AoKyMeHTaUHH
RpeAHTHOH
ABe
OTAeAy.
OTAeAy
AH6o
noAoT'eTeH
KpeAHTHOH
(pyYHKUHH
rAaBHbie
OTAeAa
KpeAHTHOH AoKyMeHTaUHH - noAepc2KKa H KOHTPOAb. KCpeAHTHOrO OTAeAa
QOyHIrgHH nOAAep2mKH 3aKAioqaeTCH B oKa3aHHH nOMOIIH COTPYAHHKaM
KpeAHTHOH AOKyMeHTagHH.
B nOArOTOBKe
BOAbillaH maCTb BTOH pa6OTbl aBToMaTH3HpoBwHa
6aHKH pa3pa6aTblBaloT H 3aHOCRT B KOMnbiOTep CTaHAapTHbie cIOpMbi BTOH AoKyMeHTagHH.
npH
qpOpMb1
CTaHAapTHbie
6
MOryT
Heo6xoAHMOcTH
-
TH
06biiHO
MOAHcpHUHpOBaHbl.
blTb
3
COTPYAHHKH KpeAHTHOrO OTA4Aa XOpOIuo 3HalOT aTH qxopMbl; eCAH 2me y HHX BO3HHKaioT KaKHeAH 6 o
BOnPOCbI
MOryT o6paTHTbcH
OHH
COMHeHHH,
HAH
6
oTAeAa He AOA2KHbl BHOCHTb KaKHx 6bl TO HH
COTPYAHHKH KpeAHTHoro
AoKyMeHTagHH.
KpeAHTHoH
B OTAeA
blAO H3MeHeHHHi
6e3 corAacHH Ha TO OTAeAa KpeAHTHOHi AOKyMeHTaUHH:
cTaHAapTHble q)OpMb1
Ka3aAOCb
B
6bi,
b H3 Hee, 6e3o6HAHbie cTaTbH, KOTOpbie KAHeHT xo'eT BHeCTH B AoKyMeHTaUHIO HAH HCKAIOqHT0 MOryT CyUgeCTBeHHO OcAa6HTb cnoco6HocTb 6aHKa Ao6HTbCH Bb1r?OAHeHHR 3aeMJ1HKOM YCAOBHH aToro KOHTpaKTa.
npOBepOK
H
aAeKBaTHOCTH
nOAHOTbl
B
npOBeAeHHH
npaBa
nOATB3ep2fAeHHH
AOKyMeHTOB,
BCeX
SaKAIO'aeTCH
AoKyMeHTagHH
KpeAHTHOfi
OTAeAa
KOHTpOAA a3yHHKIHIC
nOAnHCH
noAnHcaBHIuero AOKyMeHT AHUa, o6ecneqeHHH COOTBeTCTBHR COAep2KaHHH AOKYMeHTOB peuiJeHHRM npaBAeHHR MOmeT
6
H T.A.
6aHKa,
blTb nOTpe6oBaHO
ripemAe, meM KpeAHT 6yAeT BbIAaH, cTapiuiero
COTpyAHHKa
nOAy'IaTb
2KemeCRCWHO
BbiAaH HAH BHeCeH B KHHrH y'leTa,
oAo6peHHe OTAeAa KpeAHTHOHi AOKyMeHTaUHH.
TO COTPYAHHK
HeyAOBAeTBOpHTeAbHa,
KpeAHTHOrO
AOA2KeH
6yAeT nlOAyqHTb
OTAeAa.
PYKOBOAHTeAH
30, 60, 90
ECAH AoKyMeHTagHS iaHHbi xpeAHT,
OTBeC'aiOuHii 3a
KpeAHTHOrO OTAeAa,
CflegHaAbHOe KpeArHTHbIX C
AoKyMeHTaUHH
HeCTaHAapTHOH
CnHCK1H
B BTHX cnHcKax - T.e.
npe6blBaHHH
'leM KpeAHT 6yAeT
fpe2ŽKAe,
pa-3peieHHe OT
OTAeAOB
yKaSaHHeM
AOA2KHbl
CPOKOB
ee
H 6oAee 90 AHefi. PyKoBoAHTeAH KcpeAHTHbix npHHrTbiX pemIeHHHX
OTAeAOB AOA2KHbI npOBepH1Tb aTH CnHCKH H AOKAaAbIBaTb e2KemecCqHo o rpyrinam no KpeAHTHOH nOAHTHKe H KpeAHTHbIM o63opaM.
Kpe.uHnrMe o6gopai OTAeA ApyrHx
KpeAHTHbIX
oTAeAOB
C
o 6 3opOB OgeHHBaeT KaqeCTBO
TeM,
MTo
6
MO2KHO
KaK
BblHSBHTb
bi
KpeAHTHOro
npo6AeMHbie
6bcTpee
KAaCCH(pHKaUHH
nOATBePAHTb npaBHAbHOCTb cyu1jeCTByioJiefi
He3aBHCHMO
IlOPT
KpeAHTbi
OT H
xpeAHTOB. 3a OTAeA KpeAHTHb1X
o63opoB o6bimHo OTBeCiaeT HenOCpeACTBeHHO KTO-HH6yAb H3 Bbicmero PyKOBOACTBa, HanpHMep HCnOAHHTeAbHblfi
AHpeKTOp.
KpoMe
TOrO,
oTAeA
KpeAHTHbIX
OgeHHBaeT
o63opoB
KaqeCTBO
KpeAHTHOrO npoUecca B KpeAHTHOM OTAeAe H ero COOTBCTCTBHe nOAHTHKe 6aHKa. XOpOImHii OTAeA KpeAHTHbIX o63OPOB 6yAeT CHCTeMaTHmeCCKH npoBOAHTb aHaAH3 KCpeAHTHOrO
tAM
nOpTiWA.
npOBeAeHHH
aq8xpeKTHBHOrO
aTOrO
aHaAH3a,
KpeAHTHbIX
OTAeA
o 6 30poB
YCTaHaBAHBaeT MHHHMaAbHbie pa3Mepbi noAAem2KauHx paccMoTpeHHIO KpeAHTOB H Bblpa6aTbIBaeT CTaHAaPTHYIO
MeTOAOAOrHio.
3
1pq)eKCTHBHaR
CHCTeMa
6
ynpaBAeHHR
co'eTaeT B ce6e He3aBHCHMblii o 30p KpeAHTOB C BbUIBAeHHeM KpeAHTOB.
06blqHo
COTPYAHHK
KCpeHTHOrO
OTAeAa,
87
KpeAHTHblMH
COTpyAHHKaMH
BCAeACTBHe
1
iaCTbX
PHCKaMH
npo6AeMHbIX KOHTaKTOB
C
YxpeouAeHe pJWOBO4CTBR a MoaMHoeo
VYBCTRNTCeAIHoC7E
a
HepeMeMaar
3aeMJIHKOM AOA2eH BbDHBARTb roTeHUHaAbHO npo6AeMHbIe KpeAHTbI paHbllue, qeM aTO CAeAaloT CoTpyAHHKH
oTAeAa
KpeAlfHb1X
KpeAHTHorO
CHCTeMa
o6sopa
o630poB.
KpeAH'rHOrO OTAeAa H 3aeMUJHKa. HlpHAoKeHHH
"06-3op
1
AOKyMeHT (3HHaHCOBOrO
OAHaro
o6ecnequBaeT
BcerAa BOSMOmHO.
He3aBHCHMaR
B3aHMOOTHouICeHHH
COTpyAHHKOB
BTO
KpeAHTHOrO o6sopa 6oAee noApo 6 Ho paCCMoTpeH B
flpogecc
MeToAoB
He
o6beKTHBHocTb
ynpaBAeHHH
PHCKOBaHHbIMH
3
aKTHBaMH".
To
pa6o'IHA
HHCTHUyTa.
YnPABAEHHE [IOPT0DEAEM MHorHe
HBAReTcA
CneUHaAHCTbI
ynpaBAeHHe
CAep2KHBaTb pbIHKaM,
CqHTaiOT,
pHCK Bcero nOpTqpeAH,
KAHeHTaM,
YnpaBAeHHe
qTO
nOpTc)eAeM.
KpeAHTHbIM
nOpT3)eAeM
O2KHAaR
aqXpeKTHBHoro
nOpT)eAeM
H KOHTpOAHpyH
HHcTpyMeHTaM,
CTaHOBHTCJ9
6aHKaMH CBOHX onepaLgHH;
OCHOBOH
YnpaBAeHHe
oco6eHHo
nO3BOAHeT
PHCK,
KpeAHTaM
aKTyaAbHbIM
OO TeCHO CBM3aHO
ynpaBAeHHSI
B
6aAaHCHpOBaTb
npHCyJUH
H
TeM HAH
yCAOBHRM CBH3H
KpeAHTaMH
C
H
HHbIM
AeJTeAbHOCTH.
AHBepCH(PHKaUHe
C npoMeccom cTpaTerHleCKoro
ruaHHPOBMHHR
6aHKa.
0
Ho
aKropM,r pwcxa Mepe
pa3pa6oTKH
OnpeAeAHTb
q)aRTOpbI
pa3HoBHAHOCTeH KpeAHTOBaHHH ero
cTpaTerHH
TeM
YPOBHeM
Ha
HHCTpyMeHTOB
6
oAbwloe
nOAO2KeHHe.
3aeMJxHKaM
pHcxa,
H
H
KOTOpblU
riAaHa
geAeBbiX
KXpeAHTHOrO nopTVeAH.
oKa3biBa1OT
AaHHb1M
cTpaTerHH
pHCKa
Ha ero q)HHaHCOBOe
rIPHCYI4HX
cBoeH
KpeAHTHbIX
H KOHMeHTpagHO
CAeAOBaTCAbHO,
ynpaBAHTb
YPOBHH
KpeACToB,
pb1HO-IHaR
pHCKOB,
H
6aHKoM
AeHTeAbHOCTH
pbIHKaX H
H
BaAIOT
OH
cerMeHTax;
KpeAHToB;
AoAmeH
co'eTaHHe
BO3MO2KHOCTH
POAb 6aHKa Ha IPHHaHCOBbIX PbIHKaX H
BAHMHHe
Ha
KaYeCTBO
ero
aKTHBoB,
H,
HoaTOmy, 6aHK AOA2KeH TOqHO 3HaTb ypOBeHb 6
npoeKTaM,
H
OH
flpHHSTb.
HHme
6aHKa
BTO
rOTOB
OH
AOA2meH
blTb
B
COCTOqHHH
paCCMaTPHBa1OTcR
nepe'IHCAeHHbie BblIUe q)aKTOpbl pHCKa.
UeA eshe
pbIHKH. (CHHaHCOBaIH 2KH3HeCnOCo6HOCTb
UHHaHCOBaHl
2mH3Hecnoco6HOcTb ero KAHeHTOB.
B
Bam2HbIM
'aCTo
noRBAeHHq
H
BCTpeC'aIoWHMCH
6aHxa?
OAHH CTapIIIHi
cKa3aA:
"HenpaBHAbHbIii
nOATBepmAaAo HHCTHHKTOM, ceKTopbI
BTO
Bbi6op
CeAeBb1X pbIHKOB".
KOHMeEHTpHPOBaAH
HeABHmHMOCTb,
H
BaHKH B
BHAbl
BHepreTHxy,
CBOHX
OT
Bbi6opa
noApaBAeARIoTcH YPOBHIO
AOXOAOB.
KpeAHTOB
TaKHe, nOA
buyout).
pbIHKOB.
y6bITKH
6aHKOB
nOTOMy,
nOpTqCeARX
HanpHMep,
qTO
y
BauIero
H
qOHAbi
B
CllIA
He pa3 yme
BeAOMbie
BAO2KeHHH
KxaK
HeABH2IHMOCTb
CLHA
qeM
HaH6oAee
CTaAHbiM
rIOnYASpHbie
HHBeCTHIHA
KpeAHTOBaHHe
B
BbIKyna
TaKHM o6pa3oM, Ka'ieCTBo arTHBOB Hanpsimyo
UeAeBbie
pbIHKH
o6bWqHO
onpeAeAiHoTcH
no
HX
H Hx reorpaqH'qeCKHM orpaHH-ieHH9M. AOBOAbHO tfaCTO OHH AaAee
no pa3MepaM, HpH
OAbIle,
HTO RBAAeTcH
6e3HaAemHbIx
HOBeAeHHe
KpeAHTHbIX
KpeAHTOBaHHe
CeAeBb1X
CeKTOpHb1M xapaKTepHCTHKaM
TepneAH
KpeAHTOB,
KOMnaHHH pyKOBOACTBOM (leveraged 3aBHCHT
OTBeT Ha BOnlpOC:
6
qyTb
KpeAHTHoro oTAeAa OAHoro Hs RpyniHeHIUHX 6aHKOB
COTPYAHHK
Ha6AIoAeHHe.
aKOHOMHKH
qaKTOPOM
-
o6beMy c6biTa HAH, AAi q)H3HqecKHX AHU,
Bbi6ope
UeAeBb1X
pbIHKOB
IpUHCy3UHe AaHHoMy KoHKpeTHOMY pblHKy.
88
o0eHb
Bam2HO
no Bo3pacTy HAH
paCCMOTpeTb
BCe
pHCKH,
HMmulN pNic(ram
YnrpamIeHne Krper
reorpawHIeCKHi
PHCK
XoTm
H Me2KAyHapOAHOM ypOBHe. He
MeHee
a TaK2Ke 3HaHHe pbIHKa H TeXHOAorH4ecKHe
6
AMAeMMy: OMeHb 6oAbtuHe o6beMbi 6e3HaAemHbIx KpeAHTOB
co6ofi
npeACTaBAHeT
AHBepCH(HKaIUHH
reorpaqpHqecKas
o6pa3oM,
TaKHM
BO3MOKHOCTH.
pecypcoB,
KaK AOCTynHOCTb
cpaKTOpbi,
TaKHe
Hrpa]oT
H OHnbITa nepCOHaAa,
rAy6HHa 3HaHHH
IHUHpHaH
HaMHOHaAbHOM, a TaKme BHyTpeHHeM
6aHKa onpeAeAHeT pa3max ero onepagHHi,
geAb AeHTeAbHOCTH
BTOM
npH
POAb
Ba?KHYIO
orpaHH'HBaTb
cTaAH
6aHKH
HeKOTOpbie
perHOHaAbHOM,
Ha MeCTHOM,
MaclIrTa6bI CBOHX onepa!gHH
'TO
TOMy,
K
npHBeA
blAH 3aperCHCTPHPOBHbl B
6aHKax
He c 'ipe3MepHO AHBepCHUIHUHpOBaHHbIMH HOpTq)CeAHMH, oco6eHHO B TeX, pyKOBOACTBy KOTOPbIX 6 XBaTaAO rAy HHbI ynpaBAeHHH H xopoiuero 3HaHHR pbIHKa. H Hao6OpOT, reorpa4lHqecKaR
npHBeAa
KOHgeHTpagHH
C
CO'eTaAaCb
oHa
rAe
6aHKoB,
Tex
HenAaTe2Kecnoco6HocTH
K
KOHgeHTPHPOBaHHbIMH BAO2KeHHRMH B He6AaronOAyqHbie OTpaCAH SKOHOMHKH. AHBePCH(PHKaUHR HO OHa Tpe6yeT npo4PecCHOHaAbHoro ynpaBAeHHH. nOBbfhIuaeT KaYeCTBO KpeAHTHOrO nopTe,
CermeHTmi
CO3AaHHbIM,
-ITO
HMeCIAOHM
H
aKTHBHbIM
a
HAH
npOH3BOACTBOM
3aHHMaTbcH
AOA2KeH
OH
npeAnpHHTHeM;
pa6oTbl
onbIT
COAH1NbliH
He TOAbKO
6blTb
AOA2KeH
KAHeHT
40
aHKOB
HanpHMep,
KpHTepHeB.
'IHCAa
6oAbllOrO
6
KoMMep'ieCKHx
KAHeHTbi
UeAeBbie
KAHeHmoB.
HCnOAb3OBaHHeM
C
OnpeAeA3iOTCSI
TpaAHUHOHHO
HAeaAbHblH
geAebex
pbIHKa
6
peaAH3ag1HeH TOBapa HAH ycAyrH, HMeiOujeH SIBHO XOPOIIUHU C bIT Ha pbIHKe; OH AOA2KeH HMeTb
H
xopomiee
OnbITHOe
PyKOBOACTBO,
cnoco6Hoe
BqxpeKTHBHO;
KOMnaHHH
AeAa
BeCTH
ero
H
pHHaHCOBoe COCTOHHCe AOA2KHO 6blTb 6AaronoAyqHbiM.
OAHaKO
peAKo
pa3BHBaOU4gHXC.I
H
-3paBoro
CTOAb
BCTpeTHTb
MO0HO
Bbi6opa KAHeHTOB Tpe6yeT npOHIBAeHHH
CTpaHaX. IlOBTOMy npogecc
cy?KAeHHA.
ECAH
TaKHe cmHr aiouHe Mepbl,
IHHHaHcoBOM
rAe
OAHaKo
o6ecnemeHHe
H
pHcKa
rH6KOCTH
TO CAeAyeT nlpeAnpHHRTb
KaK yBeAHWeHHe o6ecne'eHH5H, npHBAeYeHHe rapaHTHA H yBeAH'eHHe 9
B KanHTaA.
BKAaAa BAaAeAbgeB KoMnaHHH CTpaHax,
ypoBeHb
BbIRBACHHbIH
BbICOK,
B
oco6eHHo
KAHeHTa,
o6pa3eU
HAeaAbHbliH
HH)OPMmaHR rapaHTHH
TH MepbI OCO6eHHO aKTyaAbHbl B pa3BHBaioIjHxcR
AH60
CBOH
HMeIOT
TaKme
npOCTO
ee
AH6o
HeHaAe2KHa,
HeAOCTaTOMHO. 6yAyT
KOTOpbie
HeAoCTaTKH,
PaCCMOTpeHbI HH2Ke.
KpeAHTocnoco6HOCTbIO
CTpyKTypa
nOKa3aTeAH
H
ripOMbiuiAeHHOCTH,
co6cTBeHHyIo
Ha noKa3aTeARx AeBepama.
40 Am Ha
pa6oTalon4Hx
KOMnaHHH,
TO 4AH OnlpeAeAeHHR rlpHeMAeMOCTH
3
KAHeHTOB
npmeMAeMOCTH
B KOTOpOU pa6oTaeT KOMnaHHR.
o6tbeMa c6bITa, aeMIJHKaM,
q)HHaHcHpoBaHtm
He
HoBbIx
BeAH'IHHbi
npeAnpHRTHa
nOA
KAHeHTa,
B
89
OTpaCAH
CAeAyeT nIpOBeCTH AOnOAHH-
nopTTeAeM
no PHCKY,
KpeAHTOB HMeCOT CBOIO
OCHOBaHHYIO
6
AaHHbie
KpHTepHH,
Tpe6ylOTcR
oco6bie
AOAmHo
Ha OTpaCAH
AHKBH4HOCTH 6blTb
npoUeAypbi
sKAio'alOT onpeAeAeHHbie Tpe6oaaHHR K KanATaAy H HaAaWHe AerKO AocTyniOro 3aAOra. BeHqypHoe qlHHaHcHpoBaHHe, OAHaKO, 3a peAKHM HcKAJomeHHeM npoBoAHTCI
6aHKaMH ycneuIHo. CM. CarapH H rHAOTTH (1991).
(3HHaHCOBaR
qHHaHCOBOH
aTOH
CTaHAapTOB npH blAbHOCTH,
H npoeKToB
OHH
pbiH(e
OT
3Ta KAaCCH(PHKaUHn o6brnHo OCHOBbIBaLTCR
aKTHBOB,
nOAnaAaioJHM
ECAH
OTAH'iaiOTCS
CHAbHO
KoMnaHHH
c
cpaBHeHa
bITb
npOMbIunAeHHOCHT.
mKe OTpaCAH
AeCTeAbHOCTH
KAaccHqlHKaUHio
npOMbIiuAeHHOCTH,
pHcKOM.
TOH
aHaAH3. BaHKH C XOpOIuHM npogeccom ynpaBAeHiH
TeAbHbli
H
H3
Ae39TeAbHOCTH
nOKa3aTeAeH
H
CTpyKTypbi
KAHeHTOB
6
Mo2KeT
KAHeHTa
nOTeHCHaAbHoro
KpeAHTocnoco6HocTb
6
AH o
ynpaBAeHHa
H peazAHyemoro
KoMMepHecKHMH
Y,pe,AeH,je pKwoBOxcTBa if OTKa3aHo B KpeAHTe, AH60
cHmN
JIoira
JepeMeHaM
V8BCTBHreAbhHOCTN K
me KpeArT AOA2KeH 6blTb npeAocTaBAeH TOAbrO nOCAe noAy'ieHHR KaK HCKAIOqeHHe H3 IIOAHTHKH 6aHKa.
CneluaAbHOrO Ha TO pa3peilueHUH,
Bg4,Kpe4ITa.
BHA KpeAHTa, T.e. qpma, B KOTOpOU OH 6yAeT npeAOcTaBAeH, OnpeAeAReTCH B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT noTpe6HOcTeH pbIHKa H KAHeHTa, 3aKOHOAaTeAbcTBa, MacJnTa6a onepafUH H AOCTryIHOCTH OrIbITHOrO nIepCOHaAa. 3aBHCHMOCTH OT pa3HOBHAHOCTH KpeAHTa MeHReTCx BeAH'qHHa pHcKa. TaKHM o6pa3oM, BHA KpeAUTa H ero cTpyKTypa AOA2HbI COOTBeTCTBOBaTb He
B
TOAbKO
noTpe6HOcTRM,
cTpaHax
KpeAHTHoe
o6ecneMeHHbie Ce3OHHoe
H
HAH
pO3HHqHbie,
HO
H
MeHJO
KpeAWFOcnOco6HOCTH
npeAAaraeT:
Heo6ecneleHHbie; nOCTOHHOe
OnTOBbie,
Bo3o6HoBASIeMbie,
KpaTKO-,
pa3OBbJH
KOMMepMeCKHe,
C npHMoi
cpeAHe
KpeAHT
CHHaHcHpOBaHHe
riOTeHUHaAbHoro -
o6opoTHoro
HAH
KAHeHTa.
KpeAHTbI;
(oBepApa(PT); 4
AHHHS
KanHTaAa;
noTpe6HTeAbcKHe,
ripOeKTHbie
HAH
KOM6HHaUHH;
B pa3BHTbIX
AOArocpoqHbIe
HAH KpeAHTHaH
npOMbiuL1AeHHbIe
aMOpTH3agHeH
H
npHMbie
HAH
KpeAHTbl;
yqaCTSylOlHe;
6aAaHcoBbie HAH BHe6aAaHCOBbie;
C PHKCHpOBHaHOU H nAaBaioUseH npOgeHTHOH CTaBKOli H B HaMgHOHaAbHOH UAH HHOCTpaHHOH BaAIOTe. B pa3BHBaiogHxcA CTHpaHaX Ha6AioAaeTcR MeHbIUee pa3Hoo6pa3He pa3HOBH4HOCTeH KpeAHTOB, no mepe (pHHaHCOBOH AH6epaAH3agHH Bbl6op yBeAHIHBaeTCH. Kpe4kTHbIe mHcTpymeH7Tb.
KpeAHTHbIe
HHCTpyMeHTbI - aTO CpeACTBa npeAOCTaBAeHHR pa3AHqHbIX paBHOBHAHOCTeH KpeAHTOB. CIOAa BXOART KpeAHTbl H KpeAHTHble AHHHH Ha: *
pa3pa6OTKy HeABHMHMOCTH H CTpOHTeAbCTBO 2KHAbIX, KOMMep'IecKHX H npOMbbimiAeHHblX o6beKTOB;
*
npHo6peTeHHe CpeACTB ripoH3BOACTBa, 3aBOAOB, MallHH H O6opyAoBaHHx; HMnOpT, aKCUOPT H IpeAaBKCIOPT TOBaPOB;
* * *
HHaHcHPOBaHHe ce3OHHblx nOTpe6HOcTeH ceAbCKoro xO3RHCTBa; HHaHcHpOBaHHe AHAepOB B aBToMo6HAe- H CyAOCTpOHTeAbHOH
*
nOnOAHeHHe TOBapHO-MaTepHaAbHbIX 3anacoB;
*
(pHHaHCHpOBaHHe
Ae6HTOpCKOH
3aAOA2leHHOCTH,
c4pepax;
nepeyqTeHHbIX
BeKCeAeu
HAH
cIaKTOPHHrOBbIX onepagHi *
(npHo6peTeHue KHH2HOrO AOAra); HrioTeHoe qHHaHCHpOBaHHe;
*
CpeAHe - AOArOCpOtHOe (PHHaHCHpOBaHHe;
*
AOKyMeHTapHbie aKKpeAHTHBbl;
*
rapaHTHH H aKKPeAHTHBbi CTeHA-6afi;
*
npoBeAeHHe BaAIOTHblX H npOUeHTHbIX CBOnOB H onepaUHU c OngHOHaMH;
*
KynAio-npOAa2Ky HHOCTpaHHOH BaAlOTbI;
*
BbIKyn KOMnaHHH PyKOBOACTBOM.
41 CorAaxueHHu
o6 oBepApa(pTe
O9eHb rpoMo3AKHX npoUeAyp, KpaTKOCfpOMHorO
KpeAHTOBaNHM,
MaCTO XapaKTepH33POTCB
npeACTaBAJIOT cepbeSHylo
CBBBaI1HbIX C 3aHMcTBoBaHHeM HMH MOmmO
3AqynoTpe6HTb,
OTCyTcTBHeM HHqlopMaaUHH
npo6Aemy. XO'rn oco6eHHo
H CHCTeMbl KOHTpOAB
TaKiHx KpeAHTOB. IH13AHI'H KanHTaAHsaUHB npIxpoCeHHbix Hepa6oTaioIHe KpeAHTh! JIBABIOTCB TaKme xapaKTepHbIMH AAR eHoMeHy oBepApaqTa.
90
OHH
YCTPaHBIOT Heo6xoAmMOCTh
CyMM C qHnacHpoBaHHbtM
CpoKOM noraumeHHB
B pa.3BHBaioyHXCf AAB
npogeHTOB
CTpaHaX,
coOTBeTCTB3yWIOerO H
pa3BHBaioUJHXCB
HeBoHMomHocTh CTpaH
H iacTo
AAR
KOTOpbIe
MOHHTOpHHra yCTaHOBHTh COnyTCTByIOT
Yn'pauseHWe Kpe4HTHOro
oTAeAa
oTBe'aiouIHx
nOTpe6HocTHM
COTPYAHHK HHcTpyMeHTOB,
Bbi6opa
6yAeT
3aBHCHT,
CTPYKTYPHPOBaHHH
HOrO
B
KpeAHTOB.
CAeAyeT HeAOOgeHHBaTb 3Ha-ieHHe npaBHAb-
He
AH norauieH KpeAHT.
OT nlpaBHAbHOrO
B 6aHKe, T.K.
HMelOTCH
KAHeHTa,
NW
KpeAlTHb1X
H
KpeAHTOB
BHAbI
KaKHe
3HaTb,
AOAMeH
pincK jMM
KpeC4'NT
BOnpOCaMH
CTpaHaX
pa3BHBaHOUJHXCH
HeKOTOPbIX
CTPYKTYPHPOBaHHH 3aHHMaeTCH UeHTpaAbHblH 6aHK HAH OpraHbl HaA3opa. OHH ycTaHaBAHBaiar 3 To sacTo unpOgeHTHbie CTaBKH no HHM. CpOKH KpeAHToB, nepHOAH'IHOCTb Hx noraleHHH H 6
K
npHBOAUT
6aHK He Mo2KeT
MeHTpaAbHbIH
COCTOHHHe
KOHKpeTHOrO
Ka2KAOro
ero MeAH H,
COOTBeTCTBOBaTb
CTpyKTypa KPeAHTa AOA2KHa
KAHeHTa.
nOCKOAbKy
(pHHaHCOBOe
Ha
BAHHIOU4He
qaKTopbi,
BCe
y'ilTIbBaTb
B riorameHHH,
OAbIUHM npOCpoqKaM
cAeAoBaTeAbHO,
6blTb
rH6KoH.
BaAMora
9
Kpe4aHTa.
3
pHCK o6ecUeHeHHSI BaAIOTbI yxyAiuaeT Ka'eCTBO aKTHBOB.
OTCYTCTBYIOT
XCA2KHpOBaHHR
aeMuJIHK,
H nOAyIaiouHHH
xei!AMHpOBaHHH,
BaAIOTbl H BO3MO2KHoCTeH
CTpaHax.
pa3BHBaiOuHxcH
B
HHCTpyMeHTbl
HCCTa6HAbHbl,
MaCTO
BbIAIOTbI
HaUHoHaAbHbie
aKTyaAeH
oco6eHHo
BOllpOC
TOT
HHOCTpaHHOH
He HMeIOIJHH
BaAlOTHblH
H
KpeAHT, npeACTaBAReT
nOTeH,HaAbHO cepbe3HbIH PHCK AAR 6aHKa, eCAH HaIHOHaAbHaH BaAIOTa Mo2KeT o6ecUeHiTbcR. OHH pa3AHqHbl y pa3AH-HblX 6aHKoB. 3AeCb 6OAbUlylO POAb
BosMo.wHoCTH icpe4IfTOBaHffH. HrpaeT
H
OHbIT
ynpaBAHloT
nOArOTOBAeHHOCTb
Ho
pHCKOM.
BblCOKHM
6oAee
6aHKa.
nepcoHaAa
HeKoTopble
ApyrHx
pHcKoBaHHbIM
3aHHMaTbcH
AOA2KeH
6aHK
Ayqiue
6aHKH
pa6oTbl Ha (PHHaHCHpOBaHHeM TOAbKO 6yAyqH COOTBCTCTBeHHbIM o6pa3oM nOArOTOBAcHHbIM AAR pbIHKe. OqeHb MaCTO TaKaI nOArOTOBKa AOA2KHa BKAIOqaTb OnbIT B 3aKAIOqCHHH COrAaiuIeHHH 0 3aAore
nOA
H q)HHaHCHpOBaHHH
AOA2KHa
aTOM
IpH
aKTHBbI.
npHCYTCTBOBaTb
AOCTaTOqHaR
3aKOHoAaTeAbHaH 6a3a.
KOMMepqeCKHH,
AOnYCTHMoro
Heo6xoAHMo
YCTaHoBHTb
CLJA
OTCyTCTBHe
pHCKOB
peryArHrBHbli, nOAHTU'eCKHH,
PYKOBOACTBo 6aHKa OTBeTCTBeHHO 3a
BeAH'HHbl npORBHAOCb
orpaHHqeHHH
TaKHX
BTHX
reorpapH'ICKHH,
BHAa H BeAHqHHbI pHCKa, KOTOpble AHMHTbI AOryCTHMOH
qpe.MepHom
pHCKOM (t)OpMbl
npOUeHTHb1H,
BKOAorHqeCKHH,
HHBaAIOTOH,
onepagHOHHbIH H pHCK MOJiueHHH'eCTBa.
onpeAeAeHHe
BKOHOMHKH.
C
onepag,HH
pHCK
TOprOBblH,
CBOH
BCe
c
pHCKH.
nOrpaHH-iHblH,
KpeAHTocnoco6HOCTH,
pHCK
pawHoo6pa3Hbi:
6opioTca
BaHKH
OIAeHHBaS
nOCTOHHHO
nOpTTeMI,
KOH eHTpafHH
nopToeAH.
KpeamTHOr
,KoHUeHrpaMHH
OHO XO'eT H MO2KeT npHHWfb.
pHcKa B TOM HAH HHOM ceKTope B
KpH3Hce
6aHKoBcKoii
CHCTeMb1
B o6AacTH KpeAHTOBaHHH 8HepreTHKH, CeAbCKOrO XO3fHiCTBa H HeABHmHMOCTH.
no ceKTopaM. OAHaKo He cygueCTBYeT YHHBepCaAbHoro ripaBHAa YCTaHOBAeHHH orpaHH'1eHHH0 MHorHe
6aHKH
3a6biBaIoT
HanpHMep, 3a nOCAeAHee AecsiTHAeTHe B CorAacHo
npaKTHKe.
KpeAHTOBaHHe
CaMHM
BHCpreTHKH,
CqHTaAHCb 6esy6blTo'IHb1MH. 6aHKoB.
H36blTO0'HylO
BKOHOMHKe, AHMHTOB
OCHOBaM
CLUA
B
CeKTopa.
PCeHKAHPOBaHHIO
HecrreAoAAapOB,
H OnepaUHH HO BbIKyny xoMnaHHH PYKOBOACTBOM Bce 3TH ceKTopa nO3AHee YrPOmaAH AOXOAHOCTH
cO0KaAeHHIO,
KOHgeHTpaUH1O
MOAHbIe
KpeAHTSyi
6aHKH 6blAH oco6eHHo nOABepmeHbi noAo6HoH
onepa1HH no
pbIHKa
HCABH2KHMOCTH
K
6
Hm blTO"HO
OCTOpOMHOCTH,
o6
OAHOM
CeKTOpe
oco6eHHO
CA02HO
H36emaTb
B
KOTOpaH 3aBHCHT OT HeCKOAbKHX CeKTOpOB HAH TOBapOB. Fpogecc YCTaHoBAeHHR
AOAMKeH
OCHOBbIBaeTCR
6blTb
rH6KHM
H,
WTO
eWi
Ha H3y'ieHHH pbIHKa, nporHo3e,
6oAee
Ba2KHO,
HaMeAeHHb1M
aHaAH3e MyBCTBHTeAbHOCTH,
91
Ha
6yAyu1ee.
OH
3ApaBOM CYMAeHHH
YErpeClIeCHe p7JNro5;CTRa H JOBM1e81HH
H onibTe.
B
Ta6AHMe
3.3 npeAcTaBAeH
V7DC1WN1eAHOCEH
o6 paseU AHMHTOB nOpTq,A.
ii epemeHar
UHcppbi BTOH Ta6AHMw
amHbl AHlUb AAH HAAIOcTpaUHH. AHMHTbi
KOHUeHTpagHH
OnbIT pa6OTbl B AaHHoH
pHCKOB pa.3AHnHbl y pa3AHHHbix 6aHKoB. ECAH y
cq)epe, TO OH momeT npHHRTb 6oAee BbJCOKHH
6aHKa HMeeTCB
YpOBeHb pHcxa.
B
HeKOTOpbIX CTpaHaX paPMepbl BTHX OrpaHHueHHH yCTaHaBAHBaiOTCR peryAHpyiOIjHMH OpraHaMH, HO aTO BCTpeiaeTcA 4OBOAbHO peAKo. B 6oAbUrHHCTBe CTpaH Ha6AioAaTeAbHbie opraHbi AeAaioT 3anpOCbl B CAy"ae %pe3MepHo BbICOKOrO pa3mepa pHCxa.
Ta6AmUa 3.3 npeAAaraembIe orpaHHmeHHSI no nopTieAo xJpeAHTOB no o6bsiNAeHHoro
OTHOlIIeHHIO X cyMme
H peBepBOB
KaHHTaAa
Cipepa KpeCuTOBaHsh
BeAHqnna orpaH8qeH8u
OAHOH KOMnaHHH
10-20%
OAHOH rpynne KOMnaHHHa
25-50%
OAHOHi OTpaCAH IHPOMbI11JACHHOCTH
50-100%
CBR3aHHbIM OTpaCARM
200-500%
ripOMbiuiAeHHOCTH
6
CerMeHTy pbIHKaB
1000-1500%
AoAroCpOqHble KpCAHTbl
500-600%
CAyqafiHble o6si3aTeAbcTBa
600-700/o
IJeAeBoe COOTHO1ICHHe
4.6%
KanHTaA/aKTHBbI
(K
1992)r
UcTo0HNr8x: Byq-AAAeH & raMHAbTOH.
4
eTKoe
BHAaMH
ynpaBAeHHe
pHCKOB:
nOpTq3eAeM
reorpacpwmecKHM,
KpeAHTOB
Tpe6yeT
ceKTOpHbIM,
EmeMecwiHO AOA2KHbi nOArOTaBAHBaTbCB
nOCTORHHOrO
pHCKOM
eamMJHKa,
COOTBeTCTBYIOlJHe OTvieTb.
Ha6AioAeHHn rpynnbl
3a BCeMH
3aeMgHKOB.
rAaBHaR MeAb npH 8TOM -
His6emaHHe Hs6biTOqHOii KOHUeHTpaUHH KpeAHTOB nOCPeACTBOM HX AHBepcHqCHKagHH.
a
n1A
rpynnoii noHMmaeTcsi
HecKOAbKO KOMnIaHHH, KOTOpbIe KOHTpOAHp3lOTCq HAH KOTOPbIMH DAaAeeT o4Ho
AH0O.
6 noA CBJlsaHHbIMH
TrpaCAAMH rIOHHMalOTCB BwaHMosaBHcHMbie OTcpaCA
Te me rpynnbi pHCKa (HanpHMep, B
r
CerweiTbi
TypHSM H
BKAIO'aIOT Kopi0opa5M, IIpaBmTeAbCTBO, CpeAHmiH
JeAb oCHOBbIBaeTCm
HAR OTpacAH, p8ASeMOujHe oAHM H
oTeAm).
Ha CTpaTemHH.
92
pbIHOK H T.A.
YnpawAeNrne iApe,4NTHMMN pNCAXila
OMeHIU pHCxa
CTaIIrapT He
Cyu4eCTByeT
6aAaHcoBoro
noKa3aTeAeH
3aBHCHT OT o6ecneqeHsH,
BeAH"HHa
pHCKa.
OgeHKH
CTaHAapTOB
Ha6opa
HenorpemHmoro
AeHe2KHb1X
ABH2KeHHR
oT'eTa KAHeHTa,
pHcKa
MeAH H ceKTopa KpeAHToBaHHSH. CpeACTB, KanHTaAH3aUHH, aSqxp3erTa pbliara, cpoKa KpeAHTa, ero
B
BpeMH
HaCTOHee
H B MeCTe
KpeAHTa
CpeACTB
OT'eTHOCTH,
(HHaHcOBOH H
B
noramieHHH
Pa3sBHBalOU,IHXCH
ApyrHX
o6ecneCeHHe,
CTa6HAbHOCTb
oco6eHHO
AHqHoe
Ha
6oAbmlo
H 3HaHHe
aKOHOMHKH
CTpaHaX,
OHH
3aeMI1HKa.
B
[npH
AOCTaTo'Ho
AeeTCAbHOCTH
H
HaAe2rHOCTH
CTeneHb
KAHeHTa. B MapoKKo, TaKme
O'1eHb
KpeAHTOpbl
HMyIJeCTBO
HrpaeT
POAb
HOBTOMy
3apa6oTaTb
BpeAa CBoeH
6e3 HaHeCeHHR
aTOM
CpeACTBaMH,
KpeAHTopa.
3aeMigHKa
noKa3aTeAH
Ha
pHCKa
AeHe2mHbIMH
noraUnlaloTcH
cnoco6HocTb
KpeAHTa
IHPH
6a3bi.
ranwTaAbHOH
yMeHbUleHHH KaK
AAR
OieHKe
npu
MeCTOHaxo2mAeHHR
reorpaq)HxiecKoro
paccMaTpHBaeTCH
cTaHAapTHOHi npaKTHKe AeHe2KHbIX
OpHeHTHPYIOTCR
TaK KaK KpeAHTbI
cpeACTB,
ABH2KeHHH AeHe2KHbIX BaAioTe
CllIA
6aHKH
noAaraKYrcH
CHAbHO
H3
HCXOAHT
Toro,
Ha TO
eienorameHHR KpeAHTa 3aCTaBAReT
o6H3aTeAbCTBO paCCTaTbCH C AHqHbIM HMyI1eCTBOM B cAy-lae XOT51 3aeMU_HKa H3blCKHBaTb CpeACTBa Ha ero noraumeHHe. H
OrpaHH'eHHH
He
no3BOAH9OT
Ha
noAaraloTCfl
CHAbHO
KpeAHTOpbl
CTpaHaX
3aAor
6paTb
HM
MHorHx pa3BHBaio11mxcsC
co6cTBeHHocTb
CBOio
iopHAH4ecKHe
cygeCTBYlOgHe
o6ecnemeMHe, B
BO
H
peaAH3oBbiBaTb
CTPYKTypHpoBaHHoro o6ecne4eHHe Amq norameHuI AoAra. B Ta6AHie 3.4 npeAcTaBAeH npHMep nOAXOAa K YCTaHOBAeHHIO KpHTepHeB npHeMAeMOCTH pHCKa. CTpaTerHmeCKHM geARM 6aHKa H KpeAHTHbnii HOPT(peAb AOA2reH paCTH B COOTBeTCTBOBHH Co xopoweii pa6OTbi 6aHKa ero OCTOpOmHOU ogeHKoH pHCKOB. H XOTH OAHHM U3 KpHTepHeB aKTHBOB,
nIpHpOCT
RBAAeTC51
paCCMaTpHBaTb
HeAb3M
OTAeAbHO
OT
HX
Ka'iecTBa.
B
Toro, npHPOCT aKTHBOB He nOBOA AAR paAOCTH, a cKopee, CBHAeTeAbCTBO KpeAHTHbIe CTaHAapTbl H OCAa6HAH rioKa3aTeAH paCTSHYAH AHMa
CYU4HOCTH, 6blCTpbli OTBeTCTBeHHbie
ITO
ero
CTpYKTypbl KanHTaAa. B3aHMOOTHOuIeHHR aKTHBbi 6blCTpO pacTyr, CAeAyeT oco6o TI4aTeAbHO paCCMOTpeTb MTO OHO H TO me AHMO KpeAHTOpOM H 3aeMuHKOM. HeT AH CBHAeTeAbCTB Toro,
KorAa MeMAy
HAH, MoaeT 6blTb, 3aHHMaeT p)rKOBOAH4IHe AOA2KHOCTH H B 6aHKe, H B KoMnaHHH-3aeMujHKe, aKIKHOHepOM KoMnaHHH-3aeMUgHKa? HAH, Mo2KeT 6blTb, KoMnaHHS-KAHCHT 6aHK RBAReTCI 6 3aeM1UHKaM aKuHoHepOM 6aHKa? MomeT blTb, 6aHK npeAOCTaBAReT OTAeAbHblM
vAsieTCH
m
'epe3 nRTb AeT nocAe cBoero CAHUKOM 6oAbuiHe o6beMbi KpeAHTOB? IBblA cAyaiaH, KorAa 6aHK 6aHKOB. A nosme OCHOBaHHR co6paA HaH6oAbiUIHf nopTqeAb KpeAHTOB CpeAH ApyrHx MeCTHbIX BbURCHHAOCb,
wTO
45%
KpeAHTOB
6blAH
npeAOCTaBAeHbl
CBR3aHHbLIM
42
q)HpMaM.
TaKHM
Toro, B CTpaHax, pa3mep He BcerAa rOBOPHT 0 Ka-'eCTBe H KoMneTeHTHOCTH. KpOMe KanHTaAa, CpOqHOe oco6eHHO pacnpoctpaHeHo OBepApacPTHOe HHaHCHpOBaHHe o6apOTHorO
o6pa3oM, rAe
42 no onpeAeAeHHIO, oAHaKo,
3aHMbl,
KpeArTbl cBRsaHIHbM
npeAocTaBAnlembie
C
CBHRaIHbIM
6
aHKOM (pHpMaM He RBA.RIOTCSR HeHaAemKHbIMH. q1HpMaM,
npeAOCTaBASIoTCR
HHq)opMaIUHH B COOTBeTCTBHH C TpaAH1HOHHb1MH AAR 6aHKa rpmeMAeMbiMH
He
Ha
OCHOBe
O9eHb qacTO, 6
0 bexKTHDHOH
RpHTepCHMH HOpMaAbHOrO pHcKa.
no
6aHxon 6blA Bb!3BaH npeAocTaBAeHHeM npHNHHe, a TaK2Ke BCAeACTBHe Toro, 'irO BbICOKHA npoyeHT KpaXa OrpaHH'eHIia H Tpe6yeT BBeAeHNR KpeAHToB cBjlSHHbiM c 6aHKoM npeAnpHRTHNM, 6aHKOBcKOe peryAmpoBaHHe o6beMa o6ijero aT npOUeHTOa cBRsaHimbM
aTOi
aHpMaM. 10
o6nsaTeAbHbifl MoHwTopHHr KpeAHToB, npeAocTaBaAemb1x
npeAOCTaBAeHHbnX KpeANTOB npHsHaeTcR paayMHbIM COOTHOHIeHNeM.
93
Yrpe
mewe pyftoaoA4cTa H
3aHMCTBOBaHHe oqeHb CBOIO
OtlepeAb,
pasmepa
mlacTo
npHBOAHT
AOXOAOB
H
I1oBhIIIzNJ1w q
cBH1eAIbHocH irehJepemeHaa
npHBOAHT x KanHTaAH3AaHH HeoflAa4eHHbJX npoUeHTOB. 6
K
bICTpOMy
KanHTaAa
pOCTy
KpeAHTHoro
KorAa
6aHKa.
OAHoro
nOpT
H
6aHKa
H3BeCTHoro
A
aTo,
B
H 3aBbIMUeHHIO
CnegHaAHCTa
B cqpepe KOHTpOAH 6MKKOBCKOH AeHTeAbHOCTH CnpOCHAH: HTo RBARmTCH rIepBbIM I1pH3HaXOM BO3MO2KHOH HerLAaTe2mecnoco6HocTH 6aHKa? , OH OTBeTHA: CAHIIIKOM 6 blCTpblH no oTHoIIICHHJo K ApyrHM 6aHXaM pOCT".
Ta6AHMa 3.4 KpHTepnH UeAeBoM piHwoK
IpKeMAeMOCTH ar.THBo1no pHCKY
KPUTePNU
OCeHXH
Tpe6oBanui
K cTpyIype KpeANTa
AeRTeAbNOCTH KOMNaURN I7loNBAez&TeAhNm&
rpOH3BOACTBO oAencw
MHHHMaAbHblii
o6beM c6biTa
MaxcmmaAbHbl,i
MHHmmaAbHblzi
pa3Mep axTHBOB
O6ecneqeHNe - 120% CTOHMOCTN xpeAHTa MHHHMaAbHaR BeAH4NHa AoxoAa Na aXTNBbl
MNHHMmAbHoe CoOTHoiNeHme sHCTorO
CpOX -
5
AeT
-
1%
AoxoAa/c6biTa 7% MHHHMaAbHaJi BeAHIHHa TeKylJjero
MaKCHMaAbHaB BeANHIBa ToBapHo-MaTepHaAbHbJX
KoqxpuaHeHTa 1.5:1
3anacOB 120 AHeH
MaKcNMaAbHas
BeAH'NHa
KoBqxpNmHeHTa AeBepeAma MNHHMYM
3
MHHNMaAbHbie Tpe6oBaHBH K AoKymeHTaNM:
2.0:1
roAa B 3TON cqpepe
*
rapaHTHH RAaAeAbUa
0
cTpaxoBKa
*
cTaHAapTHblN AoKymeHT o6 aYAINTe
ACeTeAbHOCTN ngNeBas FnpomburnAeHHocTm
MHHNMaAbHblN o6beM c6biTa
MaKcNmaAbHbl*f
MHHNMaAbHblN pa3Mep axTHBoB
O6ecne'eHBe -
MHHHMaAbNoe COOTHomeHBHe 'HCToro AoxoAa H c6blTa 4%
MHNHMaAbHan BeANHNHa AoxoAa Ha aKTHBbl -
MBHNMaAbHaS BeANHsHa TeKyyijero KOaqxpnHpeHTa 1.0:1
MaxcNMaAbHa.9 BeAHNHHa ToBapHo-maTepBaAbHblX
MaBcMmaAbHRa
MNHNMaAbHble Tpe6oBaHBS
BEeAHNHHa
CPOK -
130%
3
roAa
CTOmMOCTN xpeAHTa
1.5% aanacoB
Ha 20 AHez K AoKyMeHTaWm:
xoaWHUHeHTa AeBepama 3.0:1 MNHNMYM
3
roAa B AaHHOH cqpepe
A4eTeAbHOCTM
____________________________________
HeJipN rOCNHHWN
pe
0
rapaHTNB BAAAeAbUa
0
CTpaXOBxa
*
CepTHq)HKaT NHCneKIUHH MHHHCTepCSBa
B4A~ BOOXpaHeHmHB
remmum MHHMaAbHbIl
o6hem c6biTa
KpeAHTbl Ha CpOx Ne npeAOCTaBAJIOTCE
MMHNMaAbHbHi
paaMep aKTHBOB
O6ecne'ReHHe - 200% CTOMMOCTN KpeASTa
MHHNmaAbHoe cooTHoiueHNe 'mcTorIo AOxoAa H c6blSa B
MHNHMaAbHag BeAH9HHa AOXOAa Ba awmNBbi -
2%
MNHNMaAbHag BeAHNHNa Texyujero
YpoBeHb aaHxTOCTm - He MeHee
60%
KoaqxpIWHeHTa 2.0:1 MaKcHmaAbHas
BeAH'HHa
MHHNMaAbHbie Tpe6oBaHHB K AoKyxmeHTaIN:
KoHqxpUHNeHTa AeBepeA.Ka 0.8:1 MNHNMYM
5
AeT B AaNHoH cqepe
AeATeAbHOCTH
*
rapaHTHN
0
CTpaXOBKa
*
BAaAeAbUa
CepTHqlHKaT MHHUCTePCTBa p3paBOOXpaNeHBN
HTorwiHxK: Byy3-AAAeH &
raMHAbTOH.
94
2%
YHpaJueMNe KpediNNMrMN pHCxraMw
TexHoAorH'qecRoe
pa3BHTHe,
AeperyAHpOBaHHe
PbIHKOB
noAy'IeHHM
6aHKH Bce
CTaBKaMH,
H3-3a
KpeAHTOB
K
'iaige npH6eraloT KpeAHTbl
Ha
OTBeTOM
H HHCTpyMeHTOB, MemAY
CnpeAa
yMeHbLlleHHH
HanpHMep, MHOrHe 6aHKH npeAOCTaBARIOT
AOXOAOB.
roAyqaH KOMHCCHio 3a o6pa6oTKy
npOAaTb,
KOHgenrHiH
cpHHaHcOBbIX
HOBbiX
KOHKypeHUHH.
yCHAeHHe
H
AeHOSHTHbIMH
H
KpeAHTHbIMH
noHBAeHHe
KpeAHTHbIX
B
pOAa
cBoero
HBHAHCb
H3MeHHHSH
aTH
CTpaHax.
MHorHX
BO
CTaHAapTaX
KOAAOCaAbHOMy 9 8 0-e c(pepe. B 1 H
()HAOCO4)HH
6aHKOBCKOH
B
H3MeHeHHH
3HaqHTeAbHbie
rIpOH30UIAH
rr.
H3MeHeHHHMH B 6aHKoBcRofi
B CBA3H C pe3KHMH H ApaMaTHsHbIMH
AaBAeHHIO
nOABeprAHCb
AecITHAeTHe
nocAeAHee
3a
pHCKa
oiLeHKH
CTaHAapTbl
ApyrHM cnoco6aM
C TeM, 'iTo6bi 3aTeM AepmaTb KpeAHT
(BMeCTO Toro, 'To6bI
6aHKH AO KOHga H nOAYqHTb npogeHTbl); BO MHoruHX eHHaHCOBbIX geHTpax
Bce
6oAee aKTHBHO
HaqHHalOT 3aHHMaTbCH CTpaXOBOH H TOprOBOH AeRTeAbHOCTb!O.
HIo Mepe BBO4HTb
HOBbie CTaHAapTbl
nOpT(PeAeM, 6aHK,
ynpaBAeHHR
npe2KAe
COOTBeTCTBylOUHe
CHCTeMb1
CTapaHCb c6aAaHCHpoBaTb
qaKTOpbi
BbIpa6oTaeT
HHCTpyMeHTbI,
KpeAHTHbie
HOBbIC
Bblpa6aTbIBaIoTcH
AeRTeAbHOCTH
opraHH3amHH npogecca
OgeHKH pHCKOB. HpH 'eTKol
qeM
cBoeH
MOAHq)HKai;HH 6aHKaMH
KOHTpOAS, nOAHTHKy H MeXaHH3Mbl Ha6AIOAeHHR.
6aHKH y2Ke
MHorHe
nepecMOTpeAH CBOH nOTpqjeAH,
alK TorO Tpe6yeT HOBoe MemKAyHapOAHoe Heo(PHUHaAbHoe corAaiueHHe no noKa3aTeARM
pucrCa
B3BeCueHHbIX nO pHCKY
aKTHBOB,
KoMHTeToM no 6aHKoBcKoMy
nOArOTOBAeHHOC
K KanHTaAy,
2KepTByiOT pa.MepaMH peryAHpoBaHHio H HaA3opy BaHKa Me2tAyHapoAHbIx PacqeToB. BaHKH t c 6aAaHca, npH DTOM CBOHX nopTqpeAeH paAH Ka eCTBa KpeAHTOB; OHH CnHCblBalOT KpeAHTbi
pacTeT 'HCAO pHCKOB
H
He
nepeMeH;
YCAOBHHX
ranrHTaAa
AOCTaTO'IHOCTb
yMeHbuialOiiHXCH
HBAHIOTCH
MOAHqHKaUHR
Aeno3HTHbIMH
H
BTHX
CHAaMH
AOXOAOB
B
CTaBKaMH
H
KOMHCCHOHHbIX
noAyIeHHe
KpeAHTHbIMH
MeC2Ay
CnpeAOB
ABH2KYWHMH
He eAHHCTBeHHbIMH
HBARIOTCH
cIaKTOpaMH
Ba.KHb!MH
MCHee
noA aKTHBbI.
BbinyUgeHHbIMH
C geHHbIMH 6ymaraMH,
onepagHH
nOHBHBmIiHHcR aSKeHT Ha yBeAHMeHHe AOXOAHOCTH aKTHBOB 6aHKa.
3AOYnOTPEBAEHRfl HHCAfHAEPOB H BHEBAAAHCOBbIH PHCK PYKOBOACTBO
AByMx
qpe3Bb1qaHHO
BHe6aAaHCOBbIMH
oco6oe BHHMaHHe KOHTPOAIO
OTAeAa AOAMHO yAeRTb
KpeAHTHOrO
Ba2KHbIMH
3AoynoTpe6AeHH.RMH
-
OrpaHHqHTb
HITo6bi
pHCKaMH.
pHCKa
cpaKTOpaMH
ewe
3a
HHCaHAepOB
3AoynoTpe6AeHHH
BO3MO02HOCTH
H H
He npHHHMaA ytIaCTHR MOUieHHH'eCTBa, 6aHKH Tpe6yIOT, qT06bi COTpyAHHK KCpeAHTHOrO OTAeAa HanpRMyJO cBRSaH C B npogecce oAo6peHHS KCpeAHTOB B TOM cAy3ae, KOrAa OH TaK HAH HHaqe nOTeHUHaAbHbIM
npeAOCTaBAeHHH
3aeMWUHKOM. 6aHKaMH
3AOynOTpe6AeHHH HHq3opMauHH. KAHeHTe
CTpaHax
CyigeCTBYIOT
co6cTBeHHbIM
COTpyAHHKaM.
MHOrHX
KpeAHTOB CBOHM
HcaiHAepoB
HanpHMep,
Bo
HBASIeTCH
B npoUecce OgeHKH KpeAHTa
KOHq)HAeHUHaAbHYO
HHq)OpMagHio;
3
geHHbIMH
OCHOBbIBaSCb
6yMaraMH
A0
Ha
TOro,
nOAy'eHHOH
KaK
HM
HHq)OpMaUHH
Euje OAHHM BHAOM AOCTynIHOM HM BHyTpeHHeH
COTpyAHHKH 6aHKa qacTo
HHqOPMpaUHR
aTa
BbiiyCKCaeMbiX KAHeHToM aKgHH HAH o6AHragHii. COTPyAHHK,
HMH
HCnOAb3OBaHHe
MomeT nOBAHSTb
AoynOTpe6AeHHe HHqpOpMaUHH,
CTaHeT
npaBrAa
oco6ble
ysHaloT o
Ha CTOHMOCTb
HMeeT MeCTO TorAa,
Ha-HHaeT
H3BeCTHa
TOprOBaTb
IIIHpOKOH
aTHMH
ny6AHRe.
KOHTpOAR 3a HeAaBHerO BpeMeHH y 6aHKoB npaKTH'eCCKH He 6blAo CHCTeMbi BHyTpeHHero
95
KorAa
Ao
TaRoro
YxpeniAeJAre
pywOOsoCerma H
poAa 3AoynoTpe6AeHHHMH.
CeiHqac
ooBmeioI
vyBCeTBmTeADzrc7CT
hr iepemezaa
mKe Bce 6oAbumee qHCAo 6aHKoB Ha'HHaeT BBOAHTb TaKHe
CHCTeMbl KOHTpOAH. BHe6aAaHcoBbje o6H3aTeAbcTBa TaK2me HeCyT B ce6e KpeAHTHbIH pHCK. B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT 3aKoHoAaTeAbCTBa, 3TH o6R3aTeAbcTBa c pa3AH'RHOH CTeneHbiO yTOmHeHHR MOIYT npHBOAHTbCR B qpHHaHCoBOH OT-eTHOCTH 6aHKa HAH B nORCHeHHHX K HeH. 06biqHO BHe6aAaHCoBble o6i3aTeAbcTBa ipeAcTaBARioT HH2me AHHHH H Ha3bIBalOT HX AH6o KoHTpcqeTa, AH 6 o cqeTapa3bRcHeHHHI. BHe6aAaHcoBble o6a3aTeAbcTBa BKAIUOalOT B ce6H: AOKyMeHTapHbie aKKPeAHTHBbl
HAH aKKPeAHTHBbl CTeHA-6afi; TBePAbie o6n3aTeAbcTBa npeAoCTaBHTb KpeAlT; rapaHTHH TpeTbHM CTOpOHaM; npOUCHTHbie H BaAJOTHbIe CBOnbl; corAaMeHHH peno; KOHTpaKTbi nO ToproBAe HHBaAIoToH; orgHOHHbIC H (3biogepCHbIC KoHTpaKTbl; a TaKmae o6AHraUHH AO BocTpe6oBaHH.q, KOHTpaKTHbie o6AHraUHH (performance bond) H o6AHraUHH C npeAonAaToH. BHe6aAaHcoBble o6a3aTeAbcTBa,
3a
KpeAHTHbie KOTOpbIe
HHCTpyMCHTbl
6aHK
noAy'aeT
-
aTO
TBePAbIe
KOMHCCHIO.
IOCKOAbKy
HAH
noTeHUHaAbHbie
aTH
o6RsIaTeAbcTBa OHH yBeAH'iHBaioT pasmep AoxoAa Ha aKTHBbl H Ha co6CTBeHHblH KanHTaA. 4o TeX nop, noKa nO HHM He HY2mHO npOH3BOAHTb nAaTeC2eeH, OHH He Tpe6yIOT pe3epBHpOBaHHm KaKHX-AH6o CpeACTB. RBAAIOTCA BHe6aAaHcoBbIMH,
C 1 SHBapS 1993 roaa 6aHKH cTpaH, nOAnHcaBMHX Ba3eAbcKoe Cor.AaweHHe, AOA2KHbl 6yAyr co6AloAaTb CTaHAapTbl AOCTaToIHOCTH KanHTaAa C yMeTOM qpaKTOpa pHCra. Ha ceroAHH, Bce BHe6aAaHcOBbie o6a3aTeAbcTBa AOA2tHbz 6blTb BKAIOqeHbl B paC'ieT KOBXJHHeHTOB AOCTaTOqHOCTH KanHTaAa, HCnOAb3yM KOHBepCHIO PHCKOB (Hlpogecc KOHBepCHH pHCKOB OnHCaH B rAaBe 4 ")HHaHCOBoe PYKOBOACTBO"). TaKHM o6pa3oM, npHqHHa, no KOTOpOH 6aHKH CTOAb TIMaTeAbHO HPOBepRIOT AOXOAHOCTb H pHCKH no CBOHM onepagHaM, COCTOHT B TOM, qTO 6aHKH cTpeMHTcH OHTHMaAbHO HCnOAb3OBaTb CBOH KanHTaA. AHaAH3 H ynpaBAeHHe BHe6aAaHcoBbiMH KpeAHTHbIMH PHCKaMH Tpe6yIoT BHHMaHHH, He MeHbulero, qeM 6 blAO yAeAeHO KpeAHTaM. B CBCTC rpRAyLUHX nepeMeH B CTaHAapTaX CAeAyeT eige pa3 PaCCMOTpeTb nporpecc onpeAeAeHHH CTOHMOCTH KpeCHTHbIX HHcTpyMeHToB, BKAIO'IaSI BHe6aAaHCoBbie o6s3aTeAbcTBa. HlepecMoTpeTm TaKme CAeAyeT tpaKTOpbJ pHCKa H BO3Harpa2KAeHHA 3a PHCK.
OHPEJEAEHHE CTOHMOCTH KOMMEPqECKHX KPEAHTOB H 4PYrHX KPE4HTHbIX HHCTPYMEHTOB BbiCTpOe
pa3BHTHe HOBbIX qpHHaHCOBbIX HHCTpyMeHTOB CHAbHO YCAO0HHAO npoMecc onpeAeAeHHR CTOHMOCTH KpeAHTOB H ApyrHX KpeAHTHbIX HHCTpyMeHTOB. o Mmepe noRBAeHHH HOBblX KpeAHTHbIX HHCTpyMeHToB, oco6eHHO Ha PblHKe KanHTaAOB, noHBAReTCA noTpe6HoCTb B Bblpa6oTKe HOBbIX MeXaHH3MOB orpeAeAeHHH HX CTOHMOCTH. CTapble CTaHAapTbl MOFyT nOCAy2KHTb OCHOBOH HOBbIX, HO npH aTOM HX Hy2mHO H3MeHHTb H Ao6aBHTb HOBbIe. CIaKTOpbi, YCAO2HHBlMCHe 6aHKoBcKHx
npo!Cecc
HOBbIX HHCTpyMeHTOB, PbIHKaM
H
leHoo6pa3oBaHHf,
H He6aHKOBCKHX
HNMeHeHHH
KpeAHTopoB,
nosBAeHHe
BKAIO'alOT naAeHHe
B
Ce6H:
KOHKypeHUH1O
ypOBHH AOHAbHOCTH
CO
CTOpOHbl
KAHeHTOB,
HaAHMMe
MeHee AoporHx cnoco6oB AocTyna KAHeHTOB
B oHpeAeAeHHH
pHcKa.
TpaAHUHOHHo
npH
K KpeAHTHbiM
OnpeAeAeHHH
CTOHMOCTH
KoMMepqeCKHX KpeAHTOB 6aHKH BKAIO'aAH B Hee AOrOBOpHyIO nlpoUeHTHyIO CTaBKy, KOMHCCHH H
96
Y1IpaRAeorH
KOMMepmeCKHe
HeKOTOpble
c'eTax.
Ha
OCTaTKH
KomneHCHpyloigHe
poNCEaMNN
KpeXrNMWMir
npoAoAmatoT
6aHKH
pblHKax. nOAb3OBaTbCR aTHM MeTOAOM H ceHiqac, oco6eHHo Ha He CAo2KHbIX
CTraBKa
fIpogeNTraf
no
npeAocTaBAHAH
6aHKH
KOTOpOH
- nepBHqHaH CTaBKa
npaHM paHT
HepBOHaqaAbHO CTaBKa
HaH6OAee
KpeAHTbI
-
O3Ha-iaAa npoUeHTHyio CTaBKy,
KpeAHTocnoco6HbIM
Ho
3aeMujHKaM.
AeHTeAbHOCTH, npHUIAH K BnOcAeAcTBHH, no mepe pa3BHTHR iopHAHmeCKOH OCHOBbI 6aHKoBcKofi OT CTenleHH PHCKa, nOHRTHio 6a3oBofi CTaBKH - T.e. CTaBKH, BOKpyr KOTOpOH, B 3aBHCHMOCTH CTaBKH nIpH6aBASIeTCR npeMHR; KoAe6AIoTC51 Bce OCTaAbHbie cTaBKH. C pOCTOM pHCKa K 6a3oBOii 6yAyT paccMOTpeHbl nO3AHee, MOryT npHBeCTH K TOMy, qTO HO HCKOTOpbIe cpaKTopbl,
KOTOpbie
6aHK npeAoCTaBHT KpeAHT no CTaBKe HH2Ke 6a3oBofi. MomeT
CTaBKa
lpoMeHTHaa
qpHKCHPoBaHHoH
6blTb
B
flAaBaioIeieH
HAH
OT
3aBHCHMOCTH
KaKoH 6yAeT CTaBKa - (HKCHpOBaHH3MeHeHHH B BeAHMHHe 6a3oBOfi CTaBKH. PeweHHe 0 TOM,
KaKOH, no HX npHHHMaeTcsl 6aHKoM H KAHeHTOM B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT TOrO, a4aeMWHKH MOryT BeAHqHHa npOUeHTHbIX CTaBOK B 6yAyWeM. OnbITHbIe
HOH HAH nAaBaioUjeH, 6yAeT
MHeHHIO,
H3MeHeHHH B BeAH-iHHe npOUeHTHbIX CTaBOK. OAHaKO,
3aCTpaxoBaTb ce6sR OT He6AarOnOAyqHbix
KaK
npaBHAO,
6aHKH
npeAnOMHTaIOT
nAaBaioIiHe
CTaBKH
a
KpeAHTaM,
AOArOCpOMHbIM
no
- PHKCHpOBaHHbie.
3aeMUlHKH
3aTpaT 3aeMujHKa Ha LPaKTOp npOileHTHOH CTaBKH HrpaeT 6OAblUyIO pOAb npH OnpeAeAeHHH npoH3BOACTBa HAH BHCApCHHR HOBOrO TOBapa Ha pbIHOK. pacuiHpeHHe CYUJeCTByiou4ero CDHKCHPOBaHHaR
CTaBKa
TOBapa.
ce6ecTOHMOCTb
B
BKAIO4HTb
npOUeHTHaR
3axeA2KHpOBaHHblH
TOMHO OgeHHTb
nOSBOAReT 3aeMU4HKaM
HecMOTpH
HAH HeHTpaAH3OBaHHblH
TO,
Ha
YITO
H
CBOH 3aTpaTbl
COOTBeTCTBY1OIJHM
o6pa3oM
KaSaAOCb 6bl, COOTBeTCTByeT Tpe6oBaHHAM
KpeAHT,
3aTpaT 3aeMujHKa. paCxOAOB, XeA2KHPOBaHHe npHBOAHT K yBeAH'ieHHIO KOHe'HbIX Tpe6yeT ynAaTbi npeMHH HAH XeAmHpoBaIHHe - BTO cnoco6 CTpaxoBaHHR, a CTpaxoBaHHe nAaHHPOBaHHS
KOMHCCHH . OUeHKH TOrO, KaKaHI 'iaCTb onpeAeAeHHe BeAH%IHHbI AoxoAa no KpeAHTy Tpe6yeT npOBeAeHHR
KpC4HTa 6yAeT HcHOAb3OBaHa 3aeMI1,.HKOM.
100%
H
AHHHH
npoH3BeAeHOpaHbllle. KOHsaenIH1o
npeAeAbHOH
YCTaHOBAeHHH
eCAH
Aame
KpeAHTOB,
CpOqHbIX
HpH
3aeMU4HK momeT HCnOAb3OBaTb
CTOHMOCTH CpeACTB,
KOTOPaR
nOCAeAHHx
nepeqHcAeHHe
npOUeHTHbIX CTaBOK TaKme
KpeATHOH
75%
6blAO
HCnOAb3ylOT
HCKOTOpble 6aHKH
H3BeCTHa KaK "aAbTepHaTHBHa
CTOHMOCTb KPeAHTHbIX pecypCCOB
[pe4eAbHaH pHHaHCOBbiX
cToHMocTh cpe.4cTB. LIIHpOKOe
HHCTpyMeHTOB H aHaAH3a npH6blAbHOCTH
MOryT 3aHHMaTb
6aHKH caoemy
2reAaHHlO.
HAH OAaA2KHBaTb
TaKHM
o6pa3oM,
y
llpH
HCnOAb3oBaHHe BTOH KOHUenl1HH
AeHbrH 6aHKOB
OCHOBaHO
Ha AeHe2KHOM C
HH3KOH
OmeHKe qTO
Ha TOM npeAnoAo?KeHHH, PbIHKe
B A1060H
CTOHMOCTbIO
MOMeHT
Aeno3HTHoH
no
6a3bi
B (HHaHCOBbie HHCTpyMeHTbi, CyUeCTBYeT TeOpeTH-IeCKa5I BO3MO2KHOCTb BAO2KHTb 8TH CpeACTBa npHHOCHigHe HH3KHH AOXOA, no
HH3KOAOXOAHbIM
CTaBKOH. noKa
14
a He pa3MeUjaTb HX Ha pblHKe, eCAH CTaBKH PbIHKa BblIUe AOXOAOB
q)HHaHcOBbIM
XOTH IIpHMeHeHHe
OrpaHHqeHO,
no mepe
HHCTpyMeHTaM,
HanpHMep no
BTOH TeOpHH Ha 4)HHaHCOBbiX
pa3BHTHR,
pacuiHpeHHH
97
HnOTeKaM
C
(IHKCHPOBaHHOH
pblHKaX pa3BHBaioIjHXCH CTpaH
H AHBePCH(pHKaUHH
BTHX
pbIHKOB,
aTa
YrpezAeame pywroROeu TeOpHR
6yAeT
HaXOAHTb
oRovwmezrx.
o
BCe
6oAbulee
acTa'esuTeAbHocm7
npaKTHmecKoe
npHMeHeHHe.
CTOHMOCTH HaBepHHxa HSBeCTHO MHOrHM 'HTaTeARM
BTOH rAaBbI.
AHCKYCCHH no BTOH KOH1enAHH
npH aHaAH3e
onepaLgHH H npH6blAbHocTH
H ee npHMeHeHHH
H
A' nepeMeNa'a
HoHsTHe
npeAeAbHOH
TeM He MeHee, He6OAbmaR
IeHbl KpeAHTa,
BCCbMa noAe3Ha. 14 HTaTeAb cpasy 2Ke 3aMeTHT,
6aHKOBCKHX
qTO 3HaqieHHe
npHMeHeHHe KOHUenUHH npeAeAbHOH CTOHMOCTH TecHo cBH3aHa C pbIHO'qHbIMH ycAOBHRMH. npOHHKHOBeHHe B npaKTHKY pa6oTbl 6aHKa noATBep2KAaeT aTo Haa6AloACHHe.
B
nlpeAHCAOBHH
BaHlHX
AeHe2KHblX
cqepe
oKa3aHHH
K BbInlyUgeHHOH
B
1974
r.
3anacOB,
YoATep
PHCTOH,
cpHHaHCOBblX
ycAyr,
HalluHMH
CHTH-Kopn
KHHre
IlpeAceAaTeAb
noA Ha3BaHHeM
CHTH-KOpn,
H
Ee
OgeHKa
yTBepmAaA:
3anacamH HBAH!OTCH AeHbrH,
H
Mbl
B
MO2KeM
BbI2KHTb H npOUBeTaTb TOAbKO B TOM cAyqae, eCAH HalllH co6CTBeHHbie sanacbi Mbl OgeHHBacM 9 TaK 2Ke, KaK H 3ariacbI HawHx KAHeHTOB. Ta KHHra 6blAa ony6AHKoBaHa TorAa, KorAa KpynHble 6aHKH CLIJA, BKAIOiaH CHTH-6aHK, AAAS (HHaHCHPOBaHHa pOCTa aKTHBOB BCe aigye cTaAH npH6eraTb K HCnOAb3OBaHHIO TaKHX pblHO-fHblX HHCTpyMeHTOB, KaK o6pau aeMbxe AenowHTHb!e cepTH(PHKaTbi. aTO BpeMH Ha6AlOAaAcs 6blcTpbliH POCT o6beMa onepaUuiH Ha Me2K6aHKOBCKOM pblHKe. TaKlHM o6pa3oM, sanacbi AeHC2HblX CpeACTB CTaAH npHo6peTaTb COBepllleHHo HoBoe 3HaqeHHe, B 'eM TO noxomee Ha 3Ha4eHHe TOBapHO-MaTepHaAbHblX 3anacoB
B
AAA nlpOMbiIIIAeHHbIX nlpeA4lpHHTHH. MeToAy
B
LIFO
(nOCAeAHHi!
BaHKH HaqaAH
COOTHOCHTb CBOH 3aTpaTbi
H AoXOAbI no
npHHeA, nepBbiH ymxeA).
7
0-e rr. OTCYTCTBHe KaKHx-AH6o KpynHbIX KpH3HCOB Ha (pHHaHCOBbIX pbIHxax npHBeAO K 6aHKH C XOPOIIHM (pHHaHCOBbiM nOAO2eHHeM OXOTHO npeAocTaBAHAH KpeAHTbI HAH rIPHHHMaAH Aeno3HTbi 1o rIpeAeAbHOH cTaBKe. Mb, OiIpeAeAHM AAAHalllHX BeAeii rpeAeAbHyiO
TOMy, 'TO
CTOHMOCTb CpeACTB KaK CTOHMOCTb CpeACTB H3 camoro AemneBoro HCTO'IHHKa, H3 KOTOpOFO OHH moryT 6blTb noAy'eHbl Ha OTKpbITOM pbIHKe B AIO6OH MOMeHT. Ha npaKTHKe, BTOT HCTO'HHK CpeACTB oKksbiBaeTcH caMbiM AoporHM HCTO'IHHKOM CpeACTB Ha cHo6OAHOM pbiHKe. ECAH 6bl Ha aTOM mKe PbIHKe CyIeCTBOBaAH 6oAee AewlleBbie HCTO'IHHKH cpeACTB, TO OHH 6blAH 6bl Hc'epnaHbl npe2Ae, 'eM OIIpe4eAeHHe MaTepHaAbHbIMH CTaBKH
CTOoHMOCTH epHHaHCOBbIX
.3anacaMH,
no KpeAHTaM
AOCTHmeHHR AOXOAHOCTb,
MHOrHe 6aHKH B
2KeAaeMoro
CAeAyA
cpeACTBa. aHaAOrHH C
TOBapHO-
7
nIOKpblTHH onepagHoHHbIX
AOXOAHOCTH
YpOBHS
cKoppeKTHPOBaHHaH
pbIHKa,
HHCTpymeHTOB.
AoporHe
0-x rr. HaqaAH ycTaHaBAHBaTb CBOH npoUeHTHbie H3 pacqeTa npeAeAbHOH CTOHMOCTH CpeACTB nAIOC cripeA C eAb1O
BaAaCb, XOTH HpHMepHbIe
OT cerMeHTa
6aHKH Ha'aAH 6bl npHo6peTaTb 6oAee
Ha
co6CTBeHHblfi
KanHTaA.
B
TO
BpeMS,
Ha PHCK, no KamAOMY KOHKPeTHOMY KPCAHTY
He paccqHTbiHa C03AaHHe pe3epBOB no KpeAHTaM BKAIO'aAHCb B CyMMy pacxOAoB. PasMep aToH CyMMbi 3aBHCeA OT THna 3aeMiMHKa H/HAH
paCXOAbi
Ha KOTOPOM
OH pa6oTaA.
Bo
BCTaBKe
3.7
npHBeAeH
npHMep
TaKoro
paCqeTa. 3Ta
q)opMyAa
MO2KeT
6blTb
H3MeHeHa
C TeM, 'lTo6bi cAeAaTb npogecc onpeAe-AeHHH y'HTbIBaA AOXOAHyIO CTOHMOCTb Tpe6yeMbix ocTaTKoB no C'eTaM H KOMHCCHH. HanpHMep, eCAH B TecieHHe cpoKa KpeAHTa KAHeHT o 6 H3yeTcR Aep2KaTb Ha cqeTe 10% ero CyMMbI, TO rIpOgeHTHYIO CTaBKy MOMHO CHH3HTb Ha 1%, HO npH aToM AOXOAHOCTb KpeAHTa OCTaHeTCA npe2KHeA. CTOHMOCTH KpeAHTa 6oAee rH6KHM,
98
Yu'paa.euNMe !e~4MWMMMN PNCKaNN
KOMOCCE'oHoe BoBHarpam4eHNe 6aHKH yAeAHRoT CTpeM!cb yBeAHqHTb AOXOAHOCTb CBOHX aKTHBOB H CO6CTBeHHoro KanHTaAa, 14TO6bi Bce 6oAbiuee BHHMaHHe BOnpOCy nOAy'eHHH KOMHCCHOHHOFO Bo3HarpamAeHHR. 6aHKy He o6R3aTeAbHo HMeTb Ha y'eTe KaKoH-AH6o
nOAy'flTb KOMHCCHOHHOe BO3Harpa2r.AeHHe, aKTHB.
Ao
He yBeAHIHBan npH
Tex nop, noKa 6aHK noAy9aeT KoMHccHoHHoe Bo3HarpamAeHHe,
BTOM CBOHX aKTHBOB, AOXOAHOCTb ero aKTHBOB paCTeT.
3.7
BCTaBDCa PacqeT
CTOHMOCTh KpeAHTa
B
Jpe,4f0Ao0rerNMf
_pOgemTax
KoB 4 HUHeHT
KanHTaAa
COOTHOUeHHR
8.00
H
aKTHBOB 2
15.00
KeAaeMblH YPOBeHb AOXOAHOCTH xanHTaAa
10.00
H peAeAbHaH CTOHMOCTb CpeACTB
Tpe6yemwMi piamep cnpega cnpeA x 1 = 0.08 x cnpeA = 1.20 CTommocT1z
0.15
cpe.4crT
10.00 0.80 9.20
HIpeAeAbHas CTOHMOCTb CpeACTB -
BeAH'HHa AOXOAHOH CTOHMOCTH KanHTaAa CTOHMOCTb cpeACTB no KpeAHTY
KomrmomeIrTr crommocTN
9.20
CTOHMOCTb cpeACTB
+ Tpe6yeMbIif cnpeA
0.50 0.50 10.20 1.20
= CTaBKa no KpeAHTy
11.40
+ onepagHoHHbie pacxOAbl
+ HaAorH = CYMMapHbie pacxOAbl
BaHKH B3HMaioT KOMHCCHOHHoe
npHiieM
aTo
KOMHCCHOHHOe
Bo3HarpamAeHHe 3a
o6a3aTeAbcTBa
B3HMaeTCR
BO3HarpaKAeHHe
H
C
npeAoCTaBHTb KpeAHT,
HeHcnOAb3OBHHOfi
CYMMbU
noAyqaTb KpeAHT no macTRM, BnAOTh
KpeArra. HanpHmep, KAHeHTy MomeT 6blTb paspeuieHo KpeAHTa B3HMaeTCm A0 Hc'epnlaHHR Bcei CyMMbi KpeAHTa. IpH BTOM C HenoAy'eHHOH CYMMbl KOMHCCHOHHoe BoBHarpamAeHHe B pa3Mepe 0.5% B rOA. BaHK TaK2Ke oco6eHHo
eCAH
MO2KeT BSHMaTb OH rAaHHpyeT
KOMHCCHOHHOe
BnOCAeACTBHH
Bo3HarpamAeHHe
npoAaTb ero.
99
ECAH
Ba opraHH3aUHio 6aHK
cpa3y me
Kpe4Ara, npoAaeT
Yxpe,zweH'ae PyKoB,60CTB KpeAHT,
OH yAep2HBaeT
BCIO
H ilO5bhIIIeHwu
HAH nrIOTH
BCIO CyMMY
2Ke OH CnHCblBaeT CyMMy KpeAHTa co cBoero yqaCTHR, KaK
TO OH npOAOA2aeT
TaKoBoH,
OH
AeHCTBoBaTb
B3HMaeT
C
BOSHarpa2KAeHHe.
9
HeKOTOPOH iqaCTH
npOgeHTHblX
To
yCTR
KOMHCCHOHHOrO
6aAaHca nocpeACTBOM
KaK KPeAHTOP
ApyrHX
yqaCTHHKOB
KOMHCCHOHHOe
KpeAHTa
Aa2Ke
B03Harpa?KAeHHR.
HX
KOMHCCHOHHoe
BOSMO2KHOe
6OAbllaR
A
KpeAHT 6aHK.
onpeAeAeHHoe
3aMeHHeT
eCAH
ECAH
npOAam2H AOAH pHcKorOBO
H o6cAymHBaloU H
BO3HarpaKAeHHe
nocTynAeHHH,
aepemeomm
eAbHOCTN K
'iaCTb
yAepmaHHe
HAeT
ApyrOMy
ycHAeHa
caMHMH
y4aCTHHKy. TeHAeHinHH KAHeHTaMH.
ABH2KeHHR
K
KOMHCCHOHHbIM
KOpnOpatHH
KaK-TO
corAacHAHCb
CyMMbi KpeAHTa Ha 6ecnpOgeHTHOM CTOHMOCTb KpeAHTa. AByX
MeAeH:
qpHHaHcHpOBaHHe,
H
ycAyroH.4 3
B3bICKHBaTb
C KAHeHTOB
noAAep2KaHH.l
KpeAHTHblM
6aHKy
TOrAa,
(PyHKXHH
KoMneHcaUHH
KOrAa OCTaTKH
3aeM14iHKH npe4AOA2HAH BMeCTO
Tpe6oBaHHH,
CHH2KaR TO,
CMeTax
MTO
3aTpaTbl
paHbilue
6bIAH
KoMneHCHPYJoI1He
OCTaTKH
Ha
HX
HBAHAOCb
HAH
HeAocTaTo'Hbl
B
o6oHx.
9TOrO nAaTHTb KOMHCCHOHHOe
B
H onpeeseARAacb
6aHKH Ha'aAH nePHoAHqecKH
HAH (pyHKUHH oKa3aHHA yCAyr,
3a Te ycAyrH, KOTOpbie paHblule npe4OCTaBAaAHCb 6ecnAaTHo. pe3epBHbIX
3a WTO
Ha
HOMHHaAbHOH
Tpe6oBaAHcb AAR AOCTH2eHHR
onepagHHM,
npHBeAa K TOMy,
npaKTHKa
AeHbrH
KpeAHTHOH
neperoBOpOB,
no
AOXOAOB
TaKasi
5-10%
cKa2KeM,
OCTaBAqTb,
OCTaTKH, KaK npaBHAO,
npeAoCTaBAeHHH
6ecwAaTHOii
6blAa
Aeno3HTe B 6aHKe, Ha OCHOBaHHH 'ero
KoMneHCHpyIoU4He
yBeAH'eHHB
BO3HarpaKAeHHnm
AAA
npogecce
BO3Harpa2KAeHHe
CTpaHaX c 6oAbllOHi BeAH'HHOH
yBeAHqHBaAH
CTOHMOCTb
KpeAHTOB
3aeM11HKOB 6oAbmue, 'eM OHH yBeAH4HBaAH AOXOAbi 6aHKa. TaKHM o6pa3oM, B3HMaHHe rlAaTbi C 3aeMJgHKOB qepe3 npOgeHTHy1O CTaBKy 6oAee 8cXIeKTHBHO H 6oAee AelmeBo KaK AAI 6aHKa, TaK H AAR 3aeMUJJHKa.
KOHMenUHH
onpeAeAeHHH
CTOHMOCTH,
Ha3bIBaeMaf
6aHKH npOBeCTH nepeogeHKy CBOHX yCAyr.
CeroAHH
B3HMaKOT KOMHCCHOHHOC BO3HarpamAeHHe C TeM,
pa3BR3bIBaHHe ,
3aCTaBHAa
MHorHe
npaKTHqeCKH 3a KamAyjo yCAyry 6aHKH
TO6bi yAy'IIHTb nOKa3aTeAH AOXOAHOCTH.
TezieHfrH B onipeg4eAeHHHIT CoHoroH Kpe,HT-oB Ha
CerOAHIIIIHHH
c(poKycHpOBaHHOfi Toro,
HaCKOAbKO
CBOIO oqepeAb,
npoAa2Ka
AeHb,
CTpaTerHeH. npogecc
nocTpoeHHbIiH CTaBKy
no
CTOHMOCTH
TaK,
HAH
CTOHMOCTH
KpeAHTOB
B
HeM
6blA
H1BAAIOTCH CHAbHO
"npHBS3aH
H1pH
HaHBbICIIyIO
OnpeAeAeHHbIX
CTeneHb
BebCMa
-3aBHCHT
OT
K pblHKy.
B
BAHHeT Ha KpeAHTHyIO AoKyMeHTaUH10,
'qTo6bi o6ecneMHTb
KpCAHTOB.
y'aCTHe
Heycnex aTOrO npeAnpHHTHR
nporHo3 PbIH4OHbIX yCAOBHfi
KOTOPaA
rH6KOCTH
npH
o6cTOHTeAbcTBax,
KpeAHT,
Ha npaHiM-penT, MomeT 6bITb nepeAeAaH Ha Apyryio 6a3oBylo cTaBKy,
HanpHMep,
AenO3HTHbXM
cepTH(pHKaTaM,
pbIHKa. I3 aHKH MOryT npe<AAOKHTb eCAH OHH yAyIllUaT CBOH co6cTBeHHOrO
KpeAHTa
HAH
onpeAeAeHHH
Bce 6oAblue CTpyKTypHpyeTCH OnpeAeAeHHH
Ycnex
KanHTaAa;
Ka3Ha'leHcKHM
onpeAeAeHHbie
BeKCeAHM
AbrOTbI
no
HAH
Ha
CTaBKY AeHeC2Horo
geHoo6pa3oBaHHio
3aeMnjHKaM,
noKasaTeAH
no o6OpOTHOMy KanHTaAy H no COOTHIOLueHH!o 3aemHoro H H Hao6opoT, OHH MOryT HaAO2KHTb mTpa( npH yxyAIueHHH BTHX
noKa3aTeAefi, yBeAH-iHBaR npeMHH
cBepx
6a3oBofi cTaBKH.
43 AmJ noBbiUueHHN npH6biAbHocTH no saiMaM Ha pbIHKax, rAe ycTaHoBAeHbl rOTOAKH no npoUeHTamw, HcnoAbHyIOTCf TaK2e xoMneHcaIHOHHbie 6aAaHcbl. Tax npOH3OUiAO B YIIOHHH H BO MHOrHX ApyrHX cTpaHax.
100
pMcKaNN
HHe4NTMMMM YHpaBAeNNe
6a3bl AaHHb1X AAH1 pa83BHTHe npHBeAO K TOMY, 'ITO y 6aHKoB noSIBHAHCb 9 TH 6a3bi AaHHbIX onpeAeAeHHR TeHAeHgHH H3MeHeHHR CTOUMOCTH KpeAHTOB Ha pbIHKe. noA KAIOri". CnegHaAbHoe nporpaMMHoe paspa6aTbiBaloTc.q caMHMH 6aHKaMH HAH noKynalOTCH KpeAHIT no npo(pHAio KpeAHTHOrO o6ecne'IeHHe MO2IeT OUeHHTb TOT HAH HHOH nOTeHUHaAbHbIH cnoco6Hbi noAAep&HBaTb nepeogeHKy no HHCTPYMeHTa H KAHeHTa. apyrHe nporpaMMb1 geHaM AAA MHOrHX MeAeH, pbIHO'IHbIM geHaM. BaHKH HcnOAb3yIOT nepeoMeHKy no pb1HO'IHbIM KpeAHTOB HAH nOpTqpeAeH Ho B riepByio o'epeAb, AAR onpeAeAeHHR geHbl OTAeAbHb1X KpaiHeH mepe lepeogeHKa nopTqieAeH AOA2Ha npoH3BOAHTbCR no Bo3o6HoBAHeMbix KpeAHTOB. KpeAHTbi c 3aBbIiueHHOH H pas B roA. B npogecce ee OCyIeCTBAeHHsi 6yAyT BbiSBAeHbi onpeAeAeHHOHi CTOHMOCTbIO. ECAH 3aHHmeHHOfi CTOHMOCTbIO, a TaKme KpeAHTbi C npaBHAbHO B pa3BHTHH B3aHMOOTHOtuIeHHH C CTOHMOCTb 3aBbllleHa, TO 6aHK, eCAH OH 3aHHTepecoBaH aToro MoryT 6biTb BHeCeHb1 COOTBeTCTBYIOUgHe 5 KAHeHTOM, AOA2ICH CHH3HTb geHy. TexHoAorKnecKoe
nOnpaBKH B KpeAHTHY1O AoKyMeHTaUH10.
ECAH
KpeAHTbI
me 6aHK BblIBHA
CTOHMOCTblO,
C 3aHH2KeHHOH
KoMnaHHH npo6AeM. KaK, HanpHMep, y6eAHTb (HHaHHCOBOrO AHpeKTopa Tpe6yeT He AoKyMeHTalHR KpeAHTHaA KorAa (PHHaHCHpOBaHHlo, npeAocTaBHTb
KOTOpbie
yCAyrH,
HeKpeAHTHbie
KaKHe-AH6o
3AeCb
TO
BO3HHKaeT
PHA
yBeAHqHTb pacxoAbl no
npHHeCyT
aToro?
MO0HO
AH
AOXOA,
KOMHCCHOHHblH
CTOHMOCTb noTepH 6aHKa? CMomeT AH 6aHK B BHAe KOMneHCaUHH 3aBblCHTb HAH KAHeHTa KpeAHTOB? CMo2KeT AH 6aHK o6paTHTbcH K 'yBCTBY cnpaBeAAHBOCTH
KoMneHcHpy1OuMHH 6yAyugHx
nOTpe6oBaTb OCTaTKOB
Ha
COTpyAHHKOB
rH6KOCTH? cieTe? 6aHKa,
AH
AOAmeH
IIpH
6aHK
pa3peuieHHH
npH
KaK
BTOH
npe[Ao2KeHHH
CHTyaLIHH HOBblX
KOMneHCHPY OuHX
Ha yAep'aHUUKH
HaCTaHBaTb
H
nposlBAHeTcH
aAbTepHaTHB,
TaK
OnbIT H
yMeHHe
H
npH
BeAeHHH
neperoBopOB. Bb1CTynaeT B KaqeCTBe AoMa1IuHero HlepeoieHKa no pblHO'IHOH CTOHMOCTH Ba2KHa, eCAH 6aHK mepe pocTa nOTpe6HOCTeA KAHeHTa, 6aHKa KAUeHTa. TepMHH AOMalUHHH 6aHK OSHaqaeT, 'TO no aTH nOTpe6HOCTH. H Aame eCAH POCT AOAmHa BO3paCTaTb cnoco6HocTb 6aHKa yAoBAeTBoprTrb AaTb nO3HTHBHblfi OTBeT, eCAH KAHeHTa o6roHReT pOCT 6aHKa; 6aHK AOA2KeH 6blTb B COCTORHHH npe2KHeM YpOBHe. HanpHMep, eCAH AAR OH XOmeT COXpaHHTb CBOH OTHOlueHHH C KAHeHTOM Ha 6 OAblllHH, meM 6aHiK HMeeT npaBo eMy paCIIHpeHHH npOH3BOACTBa KAHeHT 3anpauIHBaeT KpeAHT C npeAAomeHHeM O COBMeCTHOM npeAOCTaBHTb, TO 6aHK AOA2KeH o6paTHTbCR K ApyrHM 6aHKaM KAHeHTa, He Hapyla.9 AHMHTOB (PHHaHCHpOBaHHH, %ITO nO3BOAHT 6aHKy BbilnOAHHTb npOCb6y AH6o 3apaHee, AH6o npH KpeAHToBaHHR. BaHK AoroBapHBaeTcl 0 COBMeCTHOM (3HHaHcHpOBaHHH 6 HAH rpynnoHi 6aHKoB. CorAacRTcq BOSHHKHOBeHHH B BTOM HeO XOAHMOCTH C ApyrHM 6aHKOM 3aBHCHT OT TOrO, HaCKOAbKO HAH HeT ApyrHe 6aHKH cOBMeCTHO (pHHaHCHpOBaTb npOeKT, KAHeHTa, CaMOii 6blAH npeAblAylHe CAeAKH 6aHKa, OT KpeAHTOCnOCO6HOCTH ycneluHbiMH
CAeAKH H OT
gCHbl
CNeTeMi,
B
KpeAHTa.
ma6AIoA'eNmf$
pa3BHBa1OUgHXCR
nporpaMMHoe acneKTOB
o6ecne'eHHe
IIIHPOKH1
AAR
oMmmepCieCKrmN
6aHKH
CTpaHax
KpeAHTOBaHHS.
npeAoCTaBAHioT
Ba
Bbi6op
Ho
pa3pa6aTblBamOT,
HHorAa
HH(pOPMaUHH
OTCAe2KHBaHHM
CHCTeMbl
Krpc4,TraMH
Ha6AIoAeHHA HHqopMagHH,
101
3a
H
npOBeAeHHS
KOMMep'eCKHMH
HalqHHaH
OT
6 o biqHo
OnepafHOHHbIX
KPeAHTaMH
THnOB
3aKynalOT
(CHKK)
KpeAHTOB,
HOBbIX
YicpeuAeHHe pyj OBO4CTBBa o6A3aTeAbCTB nAaTemeHw,
H
(aKTOpOB
npOCTO'eHHOH
HHq)OpMaMHIO
0
io
BMoiCbrzren
geHoo6pa3oBaHHq 3aAOA2KeHHOCTH
KpeAHTaX
B
UIw 7yBTcHreAbHocrH IK nmepemmeau
H H
pa3pe3e
3aKaHqHBaA T.A.
HX
6a3aMH
CHKK
pac'ieToB
MOryT
npoMeHTHbix
lIpeAOCTaBHTb
A*O6yiO
reorpa(PHHMecKoi
HanpaBAeHHOCTH, OTpaCAH npoMblUlAeHHocTH, HX THna, cpOKa, o6igero PHCKa 3aeMI_JHKa H MeTO4OB geHoo6pa3oBaHHx, YTO hJo3BoAAeT PYKOBOACTBY sqJXpeKTHBHO OTCAe2HBaTb pHCK. CHKK TaKle cnoco6CTBYIOT HenOCpeACTBeHHOMy npoBeAeHHIo 6aHKoM CBOHX onepagHH - HX HCnOAb3yioT AAx pac'ieTa npogeHTOB H KOMHCCHH,
BbICTaBAeHHH CqeTOB KAHeHTaM,
naCTH KpeAHTOB H npOgeHTOB KoAe6aHHH pbIHKa.
nO
KpoMe Toro,
HHM H
AAR
Ha6AioAeHHH 3a BbInAaToH OCHOBHOH
H3MeHeHHH
CHCTeMbI Ha6AioAeHHH
BbJnOAHRTb q)YHKIHIO MeHTpa no o6H3aTeAbcTBaM
npOg,eHTHbIX
CTaBOK B OTBeT Ha
3a KOMMep'eCKHMH
KAHeHTa, nO3BOASR
KpeAHTaMH MOrYT
KpeAHTHblM COTPyAHHKaM,
npeACTaBHTeASIM OTA4Aa KpeAHTHOH AOKyMeHTa4HH
H ApyrHM npOBepRTb COCTOAHHe KpeAHTHb1X AHHHH, KOrAa KAHeHT npOCHT oqepeAHyio 'laCTb KpeAHTa. PYKOBOACTBO
6aHKa
KoMMepiecKHMH HHcpopMaUHH.
3aBHCHT
CHAbHO
KpeAHTaMH,
HOBTOMy
KOTopble
KpaHHe
B
Ba2KHO
OT
Ka'eCTBa
CBOIO
HMeTb
pa6OTbl
oqepeAb
cHcTeM
3aBHC5IT
OT
Ha6AIoAeHHH
Ka'ieCTBa
3a
BBOAHMOH
PYKOBOACTBa
H HHCTpyKgHH, pa3Sb3CHRIOIgHe npHMeHRAIoIHeCH npH 3anOAHeHHH pa3AHRHbIX KAeTOK HCXOAHOH opMbI. ,4AA Toro, oTo6bi o6ecneqHTb BbICOKOKaqeCTBeHHbIH BBOA, OTAeA KpeAHTHblX onepagHiH npOCMaTPHBaeT BCIO BBOAHMyIO B CHKK HHpOpMagHlo B TeqeHHH ARH rnOCAe npeAOcTaBAeHHH, npo1geAypbl H KOAbl,
npoBepis
nOAHOTY H TOYHOCTb HHq)OpMagH AO Toro, KaK OHa 6yAeT BBeAeHa B cHcTeMy.
OBSY'EHHE MHOrHe HOBbie HAH noABepriiiHecq nepecTpoHKe 6aHKH o6bimHo noKynalOT KOMneTeHTHblX H onbITHbIX COTpYAHHKOB, KOTOpbie yme AOKa3aAH, Ha 'YTO OHH cnoco6Hbl. BbrnYCKHHKH YHHBePCHTeTOB npHHHMaIOTCH Ha pa6oTy B Ka-ieCTBe CTamepOB H pa6oTaioT noA Ha6AIoAeHHeM OnbITHbIX COTPYAHHKOB. BO MHOrHX pa3BHBaioigHXCcI cTpaHaX, OAHaKO, Cyuj4eCTBYeT OCTpaH HexBaTKa
6aHKOBCKHX
Co3AaHHIO
y-ie6HbIX
HO
KaApOB. geHTpOB
AAA
BTOH
npH'IHHe,
nOArOTOBKH
MBPP
KaApOB.
npHAaraeT
FAaBa
5
6oAbmHe
nOCBuCeHa
ycHAHH
no
o6cy2AeHHIO
nOArOTOBKH 6aHxupoB B pa3BHBa1oWHxcSn qHHaHCOBbIX pblHKaX.
O6y"eHHe KpeAHTHoH HMeoIgHMH
no
nepcoHaAa
nOAHTHKe onbIT
H
KpeAHTHbIM
Ha6AioAeHHio.
nOArOTOBKH
cnegHaAHCTbl
06yIeHHe
nepcOHaAa.
OnpeAeAHIOT TeMy o6y"eHHA. 4&A
npHrAaSiaHrOTcM
Boripocam
RBAHeTCM
BeAeTcSI
KpeAHTHbIH
o6HsaHHOCTbIO
oribITHbIMH H
OTAeAa
COTPYAHHKaMH
aAMHHHcTpaTHBHbie
no
6aHKa, oTAeAbI
'ITeHHH pa3OBbIX AeKUHH H pa36opa KOHKpeTHbIX npHMepOB ApyrHx oTAeAoB. HlepBOHa'iaAbHoe o6yqeHHe COCTOHT HB
H3
AeKBHH,
ynpamHeHHH H AoMaWIHHX 3aAaHHH Ha 3A4 MecCIga, B Te'eHHe KOTOpbiX o6y"aeMbNe yYaTCH npOBOAHTb KoMnroTepHSOBaHHblIH aHaAH3 (pHHaHCOBbIX OTWeTOB H paCC'iHTbiBaiOT COOTBeTCTBylOUJHe KO84XpHgHeHTbi. O6y'iaeMble npH aTOM AOAMHbI HMeTb 6a3oBbIe 3HaHHe no q)HHaHCOBOMy y4eTy. Ha
BTOpOM
OTqeTHOCTH, cnegHaAHCTOB FIPH
aHaAH3e
aTane
pa6oTaH
o6y"eHHA nOA
Ha6AIoAeHHeM
nO KpeAHTOBaHHIO. OUeHHBaiOT
o6yqaeMble
npOBOAqT
Kpe4HTHO-aHaAHTH'ecKaA
q)HHaHcoBoe
aHaAH3
npo(peCCHOHaAbHbIX
nOAO2rCHHe
102
KpeAHTHbix
(FYHKUHH
3aeMJJHKa
peaAbHOH
Ha
ABAAeTCAI
qpHHaHCOBOH
aHaAHTHKOB
H
o6beKTHBHofi.
AaTy OT'ieTa,
BbISIBAAJOT
YMipaieame pe4nTnhiMrN 3a
npoHsoui1eAuIHX
npH'iHHbI
noKsaTeAH
CpaBHHBaiOT
H3MeHeHHHi,
nepHOA
oTqeTHbiHi
prNCKr
Ae4WeAbHOCTH 3aeMUgHKa C nOKa3aTeARMH AeHTeAbHOCTH ero KOHKypeHToB H A"woT nporHos. KpeAHTHbIM COTpyAHHKaM npHHHMaTb peuleHHM.
noMoraeT
aTOT aHaAH3
O6y'qaeMbie noceuqaioT BMCCTC C COTpyAHHK MH 6aHKa KAHeBTOB,
SanOAHHTb
nO3BOAReT
sAeMeHToM
CygeCTBeHHb1M
HBASeTCH
6aHKoBi,
memAy
Pa3pblB
o66beKTHBHbIM oTAaAeHHblM
noceueHHe B
H noAy'IeHHoMi
aHaAHsoM
HHq)opMaUHefi. HlocAe nepHoAa (qOpMaAbHOrO o6yqeHHH, CTaflepOB
xoAe BH3sra cy6,beKTHBHoAi
6
-ITo
KpeAHTOBaHHH C TeM,
HanpaRAR1OT B OTAeAbi
AH'IHOe
o6y"eHHR.
npogecca
no MHeHHIO MHOrHX
MTO,
bI noA pyKOBOACTBOM onbITHbIX COTPYAHHKOB
()yHKUHH H npHo6peTaAH HaBblKH pa6oTbi.
OHH BbinoAHRAH onpeAeAeHHbIe BcnoMoraTeAbHbie
HocTeneHHo OHH noA"'aioT noArOTOBKy no BeAeHHIO AeA H KOHTaKTHPOBaHHIO C KAHeHTaMH.
B
noAAep2KaTb HAH YAY'lUMHTb Ka'ieCTBO pa6oTbl nepcoHaAa,
IIOCTOHHHOM CTpeMAeHHH
6aHmH
OT6HpaioT HaH6OAee OAapeHHbIX COTPYAHHKOB H npeAOCTaBARIOT HM BO3MO2KHOCTH AaAbHeiiiuero BHyTpeHHerO HAH BHeuiHero o6y'ieHHH, nOArOTOBKH, H nPOABHmeHHR no cAy2K6e. BaHKH TaK2Ke
noTeHUHaA
HX
OCHOBy
CyIUHOCTb
STO
-
npeycneBaiou4He
npH3HaioT,
6aHKH
wTO
MOTHBHpOBaHHblH
H
BbICOKOKBaAH(PHgHpoBaHHblH
COCTaBAReT
npOjBeTaHHR
H
AeAa,
6aHXoBCXoro
HeAOBenecKHfi
HHCTHTyTOB.
ApyrHX
Ms
cnegHaAHCTOB
OAapeHHbIX
npHBAe4b
CTapaYOTCR
nepCOHaA.
3AKAIOMEHHE npoUecca
06sop
6blA
pHCKaMH
KpeAHTHbIMH
ynpaELAeHHR
nepHoA,
B
HanHCaH
pasAH4Hbie
npOHCXO4HAH 6OAbflHe nepeMeHbi. BoAee TOrO, B pa3AHqHbIX CTpaHaX cyugeCTByIO' paSAHMHa CTpyXTypa o6biqaH H npaKTHKH BeAeHHR 6aHKoBcXHx onepagH,i
H pa3Mepbi
pasHOo6pasHbl.
pa6oTaioT,
rAaBy cAeAyeT paCCMaTpHBaTb
H HMeCoutHx MeCTO
HeonpeAeAeHHoCTei CTpyKXrypa
aTy
HoaTomy
6aHKOBcXHx cHCTeM.
6aHKoB,
rAa3
ieAH MX
H o6cTaHoBKa,
AeHTeAbHOCTH
B
KOTOpOfi
OHH
H cAo0KHa,
BeCbMa MaAblfi Ha6op HHCTpyMeHTOB H yCAyr. Ilx nepcoHaA
6yMarofi
H nOAb3OBaTbcH
B AeHApoBepe,
CHAHIJHX
'eAOBeKa,
C yqeTOM
M3meHeHHH.
pa6oTaTb, HCnlOAb33yR AAM paC'ieTOB KOMnIbIOTCpbl
3auprTbi
H
6aHKOB
CylgeCTBYIOl HX
Pa6oTa 6aHKoB Mo2KeT 6blTb BblcoKoaBTomaTH3HpoBaHa
HAH TpyAOeMKa H H npeAAaraTb MomKeT
KOFAa
a
H
pyqKofi.
B
FHAHaAax
HX
Moryr pa6oTaTb 'acTHbIx
o6cAymHBamouHx
H COTHH,
MoryT
Ko3b!pbKH AAR
HAH HOCHTb seAeHble
ABa
KAHeHTOB
iepes CLTb KaCCOBbiX annapaToB. o6
FOMHR npHMeHHMbi Ka^2KOMy
B
BTOM,
MO2HO
IHHpOKOM
KOHKpeTHOMy
cKasaaTb,
CMbICAe 6aHKy.
TO
npaKTHqecKH
OAHaKO
co3AaHHM HAH npOBeAeHHH OUeHKH pa6oTbl
6yAeT
nlOArOHmTb
npeAAaraTb
6aHXH
KpeAHTOBaHHe
ycAyrH
AOA2KHbl
H rIpOAyXTbl,
BecTH
CBOIO
K CBOHM
K Aio6oMy
HMeHHO
BTH
rpeAHTHOrO
6aHKy,
aCneKTbl
H
OTBeIaXOilgHe
nOTpe6HOCTHM
KpeAHTHylO
AeSITeAbHOCTb,
,eAb KpeAMTa AOA2KHa 6blTb pasyMHofi;
103
acneKTbi
XOTHI
CAeAyeT
H
pa6oTbl He
6aHKOB
nOAHOCTbiO
paCCMaTpHBaTb
K
npH
OT4eAa 6aHra. KoHe'Ho, KamAbiii 6aHK
noTpe6HOcTRM
npHHUHnaX: *
HaMH
PaCCMOTpeHHbie
pbIHKa.
Ho
6 TOro, 'IT0 bl
AA
Bo3Mo2KHocTaM
TeM
OCHOBbIBaRCb
He MeHee,
Ha
BCe
CAeAlOWUJHX
YapeolesA *
e p weOBOHOB O oRCTN7TeAba0cTN MewAg K epe
6aHK AoA2KeH rAy6oKO
rea
H3yHTb H IlOHHTb BO3MO2KHOCTH H nOTpe6HOCTH IAUeHTa, a
TaKme ero ccpepy H pblHKH AeRTeAbHOCTH; *
6aHK AOA2KeH yAOCTOBepHTbCH
B TOM,
wTO
KpeAHT
MOmeT 6blTb nOraiueH
B TeYeHHe
yKasaHHoro nepHoAa BpeMeHH;
*
6aHK AoAmeH yAocToBepHTbCM
B TOM, 'TO
OH He nOHeceT 3HaqiHTeAbHbIX
y6NTKoB
B
6
CAyqae, eCAH 3aeMUgHK 6yAeT Hecnoco6eH noracHTb CBOH o H3aTeAbCTBa; *
6aHK AoA2KeH 6blrb nOAHOCTbIO yBepeH B 3aeMigHKe.
ECAH 3aeMIjHKoM RBAeTCR 6aHK, TO y Hero AOAmHa 6blTb AocTaTo'HaA KaIHTaAbHaR 6aM, ero
AHKBHAHOCTb
AOAMHa
6blTb
npHeMAeMOH,
npHeMAeMbiMH oTpa2KeHHe
AOA2KHbl
AOXOAOB
H
6
blTb
ypoBeHb
npo6AeMHbIx
H36blTOHO Y3KHM H He AOA2KHO
a 6
UpHCyUgHe ero KpeAHTHOMY nopTqleAio, AOA2KHbi
PYKOBOACTBO
-
rpaMoTHbIM,
blTb B npHeMAeMbiX npeAeAax.
AOXOAHOCTH
KpeAHTOB,
6aHKa,
Kpyr
(OH
He
PHCKH,
KpoMe Toro,
y'eTa,
rIPHHgHnbi
KAHeHTOB.
H
oco6eHHo
AOAmeH
6birb
CyLUeCTBOBaTb CAHIMIKOM MHOro "oco6blx" B3aHMooTHoueHHf
Me2KAy 6aHKoM H KAHeHToM). BaHKH
AOAmHbI
npeAnPHHHMaTb
Tu1aTeAbHO
cAeAHTb
3a
npogeccom
Mepbl no nOBblIuIeHHio ero Ka'eCTBa.
ynpaBAeHHR
MbI HaAeeMcI,
'TO
KpeAHTaMH
H
aTa rAaBa B BTOM
cMbIcAe 6yAeT noAemHoH. HHme npHBoASUcH TpH npHAo2KeHHR - BOnpoCHHKH, KoTopbIe Mo2KHo HCnOAb3OBaTb
ynpaBAeHHH
npH
npOBeAeHHH
KpeAHTHbIMH
peryAHPYIOHHMH
pHCKaMH.
BaHKH
OpraHaMH
MOryT
B
6aHKe
HCnOAb3oBaTb
OgeHKH
aTH
upoMecca
BOnpocNHKH
npH
npOBeAeHHH caMonpoBepoK. 4 4
44
Tpe6oBaMi
HH(POpMaUH10,
B OTHOmeHHH HIHBOpMaBHUH,
KOTopaS
MOmeT
6
blTb
SaAomeHHbie B BTHX BOrIpOCHHKaX,
nlpeAOCTaBAeHa
6es
cneUHaAbHoHi
lpeBbIaIOT no o6bemy
IOArOTOBKH
BO MHOrHX 6aXa pa&BHBaioWHxcR cTpaN. TaKasA HH4OpMBRR samiHa AAS DBaseeHHoro ynpaBAezm. KpeATaMH. FlosToMy cnHcKc MoryT o6ecne9HTh noAe3Hoe pyKoBoAcTBo AAR pSBHTHH CHCTCM ynpaBAdeH9ecKoA HHpOpMaHH llpH ynpaAemU KpeAHTHbIMH pHCRKaMH.
104
YnpaAeHANe
pFCJNCa
KpeigNIJV7WM
llPHAomEHHE A. METOAbl OUEHKH nPOUECCA YnPABAEHHH HOPT'PEAEM OgeHKa 1.
Ha-iHHaeTCH Co c6opa HHqpOpMaljHH:
3anpocHTe OTqeTbl O HH2KeCAeAyiOigeM:
a. IlpocpoqeHHbie KpeAHTbl. OT'leT AOAmeH BKAIOMaTb B ce6si: * OAHOPa3OBbie nAaTe2KH, npocpoOeHHbie 6oAee, qeM Ha 30 AHeH; *
KOTOpblM
no
KpeAHTbl,
nAAaTem2H
OCyUeCTBARIOTCR
onpeAeAeHHbIe
qepe3
H KpeAHTbl, no KOTOpbIM npOMeHTHbie nAaTe2KH npocpoieHbi 6oAee,
HHTepBaAbi,
qeM Ha 30 AHeH. OTlqeTbi AOA2lKHbI COAepmaTb,
KaK MHHHMyM, CAeAy4olgylO HHq)OpMaUHIO:
*
HaHMeHOBaHHe AOA2KHHKa;
*
nepBOHa'iaAbHy)O CYMMY KpeAHTa;
*
npeAOCTaBAeHHYIO CYMMY KpeAHTa;
*
AaTy BbIAaqH KpeAHTa;
*
AaTy noramueHHR;
*
YCAOBHH KpeAHTa;
*
9HCAO npOCpOxeHHbIX nAaTemeH.
6. 06eL.MaHHbie
KpeAHTbI H nOTeHiHHaAbHbie o6a3aTeAbCTBa;
B. KpeAHTbi, o6ecneqeHHbie
geHHbIMH
6yMaraMH ApyrHx
a TaK2Ke
npaBaMH,
aCCog,HagHH;
HHTepeCaMH H nOAHOMO'HSIMH CCyAHO-C6eperaTeAbHblx r.
6aHKoB,
pyKOBOACTBy, argHoHepam 6aHKa
CAyqaH npeAOCTaBAeHHI KICAHTOB COTPyAHHKaM, H cBH3aHHbIM C HHMH AHgaM;
A. CAyqaH
nlpeAOCTaBAeHHR
H pyKOBOACTBY
KpeAHTOB COTPYAHHKaM
ApyrHX 6aHKoB, a
TaI.me aKrHOHepaM 6aHKoB-KoppecnoHAeHwoB.
2.
FIocTapafiTeCb a.
POAH
lOAyq'HTb CAeAy[OUlIYO HHqMOpMaUH1O 0
HlpaBAeHHR 6aHKa:
KIonHio C H3AO2KeHHeM npHUHnHOB KpeAHTOBaHHR;
6. AaHHbIe o TOM, CyI1eCTByeT AH nOCTOHHHbliH KOMHTeT no Ha6AIoAeHHIO 3a KpeAHTHOH AeRTeAbHOCTblO;
IpaBAeHtH
6aHKa;
B.
KonHH OTqeTOB, npeAOCTaBAReMbIX Ha 3aceAaHHMx
r.
CnHCOK pyKOBOjARero cocTaBa 6aHKa, ero aKuHoHepoB H CBI3aHHbJX C HHMH AHU;
A.
CnHCOK
CnHCaHHbIX
oAo6peHHu
KpeAHTOB,
KoTopbIe
6blAH
BHOBb
BHeCeHbl
B
KHHrH
yqeTa
C
AHpeKTOpOB.
3. nonbITakHeCb
nOAY3qHTb
KOnHH
nOCAeAHHX
OTMqeTOB,
nPeACTaBAeHHbIX
KpeAHTHOMY
KOMHTeTy.
4.
COCTaBbTe o6 3op
0 KpeAHTHOH nOAHTHKe 6aHKa H
6
oAee BHHMaTeAbHO ocTaHoBHTeCb
Ha npHHUHnaX aTOH nOAHTHKH B OTHOiuIeHHH:
a.
pacnpeAeAeHHH KCpeHTOB no KaTerOpHHM;
6.
reorpaqpHmecKHx AHMHTOB KpeAHTOBaHHR;
B.
AHMHTOB KpeAHTOBaHHH OAHOH OTpaCAH npoMbillAeHHOCTH;
r.
pa3pelUeHHbIx KpeAHToB H
4.
nOAHOMO'HM
HAH
meAaembix
noKa3aTeAeH
COOTHOiueHHR
npe4OCTaBAeHHblX
ApyrHX cTaTeH 6aAaHca; KOMHTeTOB H nepcoHaAa 6aHKa no npeAoCTaBAeHH[O KpeAHTOB;
105
YJxpeiJ7eHHe p7K080eCTa e.
H
Jr HepeMeCHaH
'y87CnMeAhHOCTNJ
nOUhIIIeIHM
Bcex 3anpeiqeHHbIX THnOB KpeAHTOB;
2K. MaKCHMaAbHbIX CPOKOB norauleHH
no1 paSAHqHbJM THnaM KpeAHTOB;
3.
CTpyKTypbi npo0geHTHbIX cTaBoK;
H.
MHHHMaAbHbIX CyMM B noralueHHe pa3AH-lHbIX THnOB KpeAHTOB;
K.
npHHH1HnOB OgeHKH 3aAora, BKAIOqaR: *
pa6oTHHKoB, HMe1oJgHx npaBo npOBOAHTb o0eHKy;
*
CTOHMOCTb,
no
KOTOpOH
OgeHHBaoTCSq
npHHHMaeMbJe
B
KaqeCTBe
o6ecneCeNHHS;
pa3AH-lHbie BHAbI Co6CTBeHHOCTH; A.
Tpe6oBaHHH K qpHHaHCOBOH HH1pOpMaUHH no pa3AHqHbIM THnaM KpeAHTOB;
M. npHH]gHnOB noKynKH geHHb1X 6yMar; H.
npHHUHnoB
npeAoCTaEBAeHHH
KpeAHToB
aKUHOHepaM,
COTpyAHHKaM,
PYKOBOACTBY
6aHKa H cBa3aHHbIM C HHMH AHlgaM; o.
npHHH1HnOB
onpeAeAeHHR
KpeAHToCnoco6HOCTH
Aio6oro
HHCTHTyTa HAH KAHeHTa,
OT
'qbero HMeHH 6aHK BbInOAHqeT nepeBoA CpeACTB.
5.
BzlllO.&rnrre CAe4YIO4He iuarH B OTHOIIIeHHH npOCpOqeHHbIX KpeAHTOB: a.
CpaBHHTe
CAeAy1OJIHe
AaHHbie
C
,eAblO
BbiHBAeHHH
A106biX
MaTepHaAbHbIX
HecoOTBeTCTBHH:
6.
*
Ta6AHUbi npocpoqeHHbIX KpeAHTOB, noAyqeHHbie Ha 3Tane l.a
*
npeACTaBAeHHbie
*
CnHCOK KpeAHTOB, PaCCMaTPHBaeMbIX PYKOBOACTBOM 6aHKa KaK npo6AeMHbie
*
npeACTaBAeHHbie peryAHPYIOJgHM opraHam OT'ieTbi O npOCpoqeHHbIX KpeAHTaX IpocMoTpHTe
onpeAeAHTe,
IpaBAeHHIO OTTqeTbI O npoCpo0eHHbJX KpeAHTaX
npeACTaBAeHHbie
AOCTaTOqHO
AH
HpaBAeHHIO
OHH
oT'ieTbl o
ripocpoqeHHbIX
AAR flpOBeAeHHI
AeTaAbHbl
KpeAHTax
OUeHKH
H
2RaKTopoB
pHCKa
B.
6.
CocTaBbTe oTLeT o6 o6ujeg cyMMe npocpo0eHHb1X IeHHbix 6yMar.
FponBeAH
6eceAbi
C
PYKOBOACTBOM
oTAeAa,
0geHHTe
KaleCTB0
H
KOMneTCHUH1O
riepcoHaAa KpeAHTHoro oTAeAa 6aHKa C T04KH 3peHHa ero: a.
YPOBHR o6pa3oBaHHocTH;
6.
onbiTa;
B.
yqaCTHR B nporpammax nOBbIIIIeHHR
r.
MeTOAOB 06yqeHHH;
KBaAHcpHKagHH;
A. ypOBHH H Ka'eCTBa KOHTpOAH. 7.
HcnoAb3ys pe3yAbTaTbI 6eceA c nepcoHaaom 6aHKa, HMeloUJHecR oT'eTbi, Ha6AioAeHmm, HCCAeAOBMHHH
H T.A.,
npoaHaAH3HpyATe
BeCb
npogecc
o0eHKH
H o63opa
KpeAHTOB
BHyTpH 6aHKa. OnpeAeAHTe: a.
MeTOA oT6opa KpeAHTOB;
6.
cnoco6 aHaAH3a KpeAHToB;
B.
cIopMy npeACTaBmeMbiX
r.
HCnOAb3OBaHHe pe3yAbTaTOB COOTBeTCTBY0UJHM
A.
CYU4eCTBY!OT
AH
OT4ieToB;
npo0eAypbi
CAe2KeHHM
3a
nepcOHaAoM 6aHKa; co6AioAeHHeM
Toro,
ZITO
3aeM4HmK
Bb1noJAHSeT YCAOBHH KpeAHTHoro AoroBopa; e.
Aio6bIe
cy1geCTBY1OfLHe
B
6aHKe
3aHHMalouerocst o63opoM KpeAHToB;
106
orpaHHqeeHHI
Ha
pa6oTy
nepcoHaAa,
YiipaaieHrne Jpe.4ArMNNMN PHCEraMr
2K. no
KaKOH
AOCTH2KeHHH
KpeAHT
KAaCCH(PHKaUHH
KaK
paCCMaTpHBaTbCR
Ha4HHaeT
npo6AeMHbiii; npo4eAypbi,
3.
npo6AeMHbIX
cnHcKa
H3
YAaA5leTCR
KpeAHT
KOTOpblX
nocpeACTBOM
KpeA4HrOB.
FPHAO?KEHHE S. YIPABAEHHE KPEAWfHbIMH PHCKAMH: BonIPocbi no BHYTPEHHEMY KOHTPOAIO
BcH CHCTMea AOA2KHa
6aHKa.
nopTq(eAeM
CXeMbl,
OnHCaHHS,
TOqHb1e
MeTOAOB
KOHTpOAH,
cHcTeMbl
o63op
CAeAaHre
H AOA2LHa
6blTb 3aAoKymeHTHpoBaHa
coAepm2aTb
HeO6XOAHMyIO
ApyryiO
H
6AaHKOB
HCnOAb3YeMbiX
KOnHH
KpeAHTHbIM
ynpaBAeHHH
npoMeAyp
H
HHcpOpMaUH1o.
1.
HIpHHRAO
AH
nHCbMeHHbliH
H
coAep2KaJgHH inOAHTHKY
AoKyMeHT,
CBOHMH
CO
COOTBeTCTBHH
B
6aHKa,
npaBAeHHe
-3aAaqH
o6H3aHHocTAMH,
nopTqpeAeM
ynpaBAeHHR
KpeAHToB, KOTOpbliH:
a.
6.
OnpeAeAeHHR
KaTerOpHH
yCTaHaBAHBaeT
flpHHUHnbI
HeABHKMHMOCTb
H KpeAHTbl C noraieneHHem no
noA
KOMMepqeCKHe,
KpeAHToB:
iaCTHM?
yCTaHaBAHBaeT reorpa(pHqeCKHe AHMHTbl KpeAHTOBaHHH?
B. YCTaHaBAHBaeT
AOnIrCTHMoe
CyMMOH
MemAyc
COOTHOIIIeHHe
npeAocTaBAeHHbX
KpeAHTOB H cyMMaMH ApyrHX CTaTeH 6aAaHca? ycTaHaBAHBaeT
r.
nOAHOMOqHR
KoMHTeTaM
KpeAHTOB
npeAOCTaBAeHHIO
no
H
COTpyAHHKaM 6aHKa?
A.
OnpeAeAAeT AOnYCTHmb1e THnbi KpeAHTOB?
e.
ycTaHaBAHBaeT MaKcHMaAbHbIe
Ha KOTOpbIe MoryT BblAaaBTbCH Te HAH HHbIe
CpOKH,
BH4bl KpeAHTOB? 2m. yCTaHaBAHBaeT MeTOAbl onpeAeAeHHS
CTOHMOCTH KpeAHTOB?
3. yCTaHaBAHBaeT MeTOAbl OUeHKH KpeAHToB? H. yCTaHaBAHBaeT
MHHHMaAbHO
Heo6xOAHMblH
npeAocTaBAeHHi
AA
KpeAHTa
6 o beM
(PHHaHCOBOH HHq)OpMaUHH? yCTaHaBAHBaeT AHMHTbl H npHH]AHnbi
K.
YCTaHaBAHBaeT
A.
npHHUHnbi
aKIqHoHepaM 6aHKa,
noKynKH
rIpeAOCTaBAeHHH
UeHHbIX 6yMar?
KpeAHTOB
pyKOBOACTBy,
COTpyAHHKYaM,
a TaKme CB13aHHbIM C HHMH AHUaM?
M. yCTaHaBAHBaeT npo째eAypbi noraiueHHH KPeAHTOB? KpeAHTHOro onpeAeAReT npaBa H o6n3aHHoCTH KpeAHTHOrO KoMHTeTa H COTPyAHHKOB
H.
OT4eAa? YCTaHaBAHBaeTw
O.
ieAH
ynpBAeHHR
KpeAHTHb1M
nOPTceAeM,
BKAIOLiR
CAeAYIOUJHe
acneKTbl: *
KOHMeHTpaUHR KpeAHTHbIX BAomeHHH B OAHOH OTpaCAH npoMbrulAeHHoCTH?
*
Heo6xOAHMOCTb npHBAe'ieHHR KoMneTeHTHorO
*
o6laTeAbcTBa nepeA o6ugecTToM H HX o6cAymHBamHe?
*
BO3Mo2KHbIe KOH(AHKTbl HHTepecOB?
107
H OnblTHOro nepcoHaAa?
YxpeiIesHe pxwmoa
2.
Crca
CepeCMaTpHBaJOTCH
AH
H moImHiCuNLm
XOTH
6bl
pa3
NTeAzbHocrHTNr izepeMeraiif
qIywc
B
rOA
n1pHHUMHIbI
yIpaEBAeHHS
KpeAHTHbiM
6
nopTlpeAeM C TeM, mTo bi npHBeCTH HX B COOTBeTCTBHe C H3MeHHBLUHMHCR yCAOBHRMH Ha pbIHKe?
3. FpeAcTaBAueTc.R
AH HpaBAeHHlo
6aHKa
HAH KOMHTeTaM (yKa2rHTe
KaKHM) XOTR
6bl pas
B MeCHig CAeAyioia34H HHqpOpMaUHH: a.
npOCpOseHHbie pa3oBbie nAaTeC2Hble
o6a3aTeAbcTBa
(yKa2KHTe
TaKme KOAH'ieCTBO
npocpoxeHHblx AHeH))? 6. o6a3aTeAbcTBa,
no KOTOpbiM
npOCpOe'Hbi TOAbKO npOUeHTHbie nAaTe2KH
(yKa2HTe
TaKme KOAHMeCTBO nlpOCpOqeHHb1X AHeH)?
B.
KpeAHTbl,
no KOTOpbiM npocpo'eH XOTH 6bl OAHH noramiaioUHH
nAaTem
(yKamHTe
TamK2e KOAH%ieCTBO lIpOCpOqeHHb1X AHeH)?
r.
o6uan CyMMa KpeAHTHbIX o6sl3aTeAbcTB?
A.
CnHCOK KpeAHTOB, Tpe6yioJgHx oco6oro BHHMaHHH?
e. cnHCOK HOBbIX, BO3o6HoBAeHHbIx H PCCTPYKTYPHPOBaHHbIX KpeAHTOB?
4. HpenAe
qeM
5. Tpe6yeTcJ
AH npeAocTaBAeHHe B nHCbMeHHOH (popMe 3aHBKH Ha Aio6ofi KpeAHT?
OTreTbi
nlpeAOCTaBAAIOTCH
FpaBAeHHIO
6aHKa
HAH KoMHTeTaM, npOBep5IlOTCH AH OHH CnegHaAbHbIM COTpyAHHKOM Ha npeAMeT BO3MO2mHbIX OIMH60K H nponycKOB?
6.
4ep2KHT AM
7.
CoAepmaT AH KpeAHTHbie AOCbe HHcIOPMagHIo 0:
6aHK
xpeAHTHbie
a.
geAHx KpeAHTa?
6.
rpa(pHKe ero norameHHH?
AOCbe no BCeM 3aeMI1HKaM?
B. HanpaBAeHHRX HCI1OAb3OBaHUH
8. Tpe6yeT TPYAHO
AOXOAOB OT Hero?
AH 6aHK, MTo6bi 3aeMJIHKH, qbe o6ecneqeHHe no KpeAHTaM HeAoCTaTOqHO HAM peaAH3YeMO Ha pbIHKe, nePHOAH4eCKH npeAOCTaBAHAH B 6aHK CBOIO
qHHaHCOBYIO oTqeTHOCTb?
9.
4ep2HuT AH 6aHK OTAeAbHOe AOCbe C 3aHBKaMH Ha nOAy'eHHe H TeKyigeH qHHaHCOBoU oT"eTHoCThiO?
10. Tpe6yeT AH 6aHK npeAOCTaBAeHHR
eMy npoayAHpOBaHHOH
(qHHaHCOBOH oTheTHOCTH
B
3aBHCHMOCTH OT CYMMbl KpeAHTa? 11. FpOBOAHT AH 6aHK H3yqeHHe HOBbIX H CyUgeCTBY!OI4Hx XAHeHTOB, nOAaBUJuX 3aHBKY Ha noAy'ieHHe KpeAHTa?
12. 13. 14.
IlpeqCTaBAsiioTcR AH BCe KpeAHTHb1e o6n3aTeAbcTBa B nHCbMeHHOH q)opMe? FepecMaTpHBaIOTCH AH H o6HoBAunoTcC KpeAHTHbIe AHHHH XOTH 6bl pas B roA?
IpoBepsnoTCs
HenoramlleHHble
AH
o6gsaTeAbCTBa
3aeMiCHKOB
npe2KAe,
meM
OHH
nOAy'aiOT AOnOAHHTeAbHbie KpeAHTbI?
15.
KaKoBbi npogeAypbi 6aHKa 6yAyT o6ecneqeHbl Ha
16.
CyujeCTByeT (YHKUHH
AM
B
MO2KeT
npfH
npeAoCTaBAeHHH KpeAHTOB, KOTOpbie o6ecne'ieHbl
25/%a&KiHRMH
6aHKe
CHCTeMa
BbInOAHRTbCR
Apyroro (HHaHCOBorO
BHyTpeHHerO
OTAeAOM
KOHTpOAR
BHyTpeHHerO
KtamAoro
ayAHTa),
npoMeHTOB, CKlHOK H AaT noramIIeHHH;
108
oTAeAa
CeARMH
KOTOpOH HBAHIOTCHI:
a. nepenpoBepKa paC-leTOB CyMM
HAH
HHCTHTyTa? (aTa
co.AaHHR
YnpameHNe EpeIHTHMMH pHncK&K 6.
BKAIOMaR BCo Heo6xoAHmyo
H HX BbinIOAHeHHR,
Bcex o6R3aTeAbCTB
nepenpoBepKa AoKyMeHTagHio;
B. onpeAeAeHHe
npeAOCTaBAeHHIO
no
nOAHOMOqHH
HcnOAb3OBaHHS
npaBHAbHOCTH
KpeAHToB; r.
AAR
HeO6XOAHMOH
AoKyMeHTaUHH,
COCTaBAeHHS
nlpaBHAbHOCTH
npoBepKa
npeAOCTaBAeHHR KpeAHTa;
A.
npoBepKa co6AIoAeHHA AHMHTOB KPeAHToBaHHR;
e.
npOBepKa npaBHAbHOCTH COBeplueHHbiX 6yxraATepcKHx npOBOAOK; npogeHTOB H CpOKOB
mK.npoBepKa O(POPMAeHHH AoKyMeHTaUHH, KacaioJLeAcH BbInAaTbi noraiueHHs; BbI6opo4Hafl npoBepKa o6ecne'eHHq H KpeAHToB.
3.
17. 18.
AH B 6aHKe CeKTOp Ha6AioAeHHR 3a KpeAraTMH?
CylgeCTByeT
OTAeAeHa AH CIyHKrHH inpeAOCTaBACHHH KpeAHTOB OT CYHKUHH KpeAHToBaHHH? AUi nepBbie
19. HpeAcTaBARIOTCH
pa6oTbl
peSyAbTaTbi
aToro
HAH
KOMHTeTy
ceKTopa
COTPYAHHKy 6aHKa, KOTOpblIH He3aBHCHM OT KpeAHTHOH (PyHKUHH?
20.
OcyugeCTBAAeTC.R
Ha6AioAeHHe
AH
BCeMH
3a
npeBblIulaWoJHMH
KpeAHTaMH,
OnpeAeAeHHbIH ypOBeHb?
21.
lpeAAaralOT
KpeAHTHoro
COTpyAHHKH
caMH
AH
oco6oe
ocyUeCTBARTb
oTAeAa
Ha6AIoAeHHe sa TeMH HAH HHbIMH KpeAHTaMH?
22. Ho
KaKOMy
MeTOAy,
yKa3aHHbIX
KpOMe
21, 22,
B nn
Bbl6HpaioTcH
AAA
KpeAUTbi
oco6oro Ha6AioAeHHR?
23. 24.
KpeAHTOBaHHA XOTb pa3 B rOA?
o63opbl Bcex o6AacTefi
IHPOBOARTCSI
AH
CyuMeCTByeT
AH CHCTeMa onpeAeAeHHR
H HaAomeHHR CaHK%HH Ha COTPYAHHKa, KOTOpbiU
yMbIuilAeHHO npenRTCTByeT npoMeccy Ha6AioAeHHH 3a TeM HAH HHbIM KpeAHTOM?
25. 26.
BHOCHTC% AH nepHoAHqeCKH H3MeHeHHR B cnHcorK npo6AeMHblx KpeAHTOB 6aHKa?
,epmHT
AH 6aHK CnHCOK C yKa3aHHeM Ha6AioAeHHIO
oco6oMy
npHCBOeHHorO
27.
rOTOBHT
H
6
(c
o 30py
KOTOpbie 6biAU nOABeprHyTbi
Tex KpeAHTOB, yKa3aHHeM
npOBeAeHHR
AaTbi
o6sopa
H
KpeAHTHorO peiTHHra) ?
AH CeKTOP
Ha6AioAeHHR
3a KpeAHTaMH
o6ocHoBaHrH
npHCBOeHHR
TorO HAH
HHoro peHTHHra?
28. XpaHsTcSI
AH pe3yAbTaTbi
o630poB
KpeAHTHbIX
npOBeAeHHb!X
Bce
BMeCTe
HAH
no
KpeAHTHbIM Aocbe?
29.
CyigeCTBYIOT
AM
npoMeAypbi
nocAeAyiouero
BHoCCHH
B
MeMOpaHA3MOB
063opHblX
45
COOTBeTCTBYIOUJHe KpeAHTHbie AoCbe?
30.
CyugeCTByeT
AH
3anpeT
6aHKa
COTpyAHHKaM
Ha
xpaHeHHe
HesanoAHeHHoi
HO
nOAnHCaHHOH KpeAHTHOH AOKyMeHTaUHH?
31.
Bo3Bpau4aloTcA
AH aHHYAHPOBaHHbie
nOCAe HX a.HHYAHPOaHH
32. Tpe6yeTcH
AM
noAyieHHe
UAH
onAaqeHHble
o65I3aTeAbCTBa
KAHeHTaM
cpasy
HAH onAaTbl? paCnUHCKH OT KAHeHTa B CAyqae
nOAy'eHMH HM maCTH KpeAwTa
HaAHqHbIMH?
45
lpHMe9aHHe: nn 17-29
OTHOCITC
K
n 17 rIpHAomerH
nOpTqAeM".
109
A "MeToAbl
oUeHIU
npogecza ynpaBAecm
YzpellAeHNe py8oaoxc8aa N HmOAMwiemm YJyBc1rW0AbHocTH A mepemenm
33.
XpaHHTCHi
AH
KpeAHTHaH
cTporO
AoKyMeHTajHR
B
COOTBeTCTBHH
C
iopHAHqecKHMH
8TO
AeAae'rcR KaK-
Tpe6oBaHHIMH H nOAHTHKOH nO XPaHeHHIO AOKYMeHTOB?
34.
MHKPOqtHAbMHPYIOTCA AH HOBbIe o6asaTeAbcTBa emeAHeBHO?
HAH
AH6 0 HHaqe?
35. KaKoBa
CHCTeMa Ha6AIOAeHHR H KOHTpOAR 3a HpocpoqeHHbIMH KpeAHTaMH?
36. CyujeCTBYIOT
AH
B 6aHKe Ta6AHMbI
CTaHAaPTHbIX
npOgeHTHbIX
CTaBOKi no TeM
HAH
HHbIM THnaM KpeAHTOB?
37.
FepecMaTpHBaloTcJR Al
38.
STH Ta6AHUbl? Kax macTO?
HacKOAbKO AeTaAbHO 6aHX XpaHHT HHpOpMagHIO H AOCTaTo0HO AH ee AAA
COCTaBAeHHx
oTqeTa o: a.
CTOHMOCTH CpeACTB, [ipeAocTaBAeHHb1X B KpeAHT)
6.
CTOHMOCTH o6CAymHBaHHR KpeAHTOB, BKAIO'aR HaKAaAHb1e pacXoAbi?
B. CTOHMOCTH qpaKTOpa BO3MOmHbIX y6blTKoB? r.
39. 40.
nAaHHPYeMOM pa3Mepe mapm2K
npH6blAH?
HpoBOAUT Al 6aHK HCCAeAoBaHHS 3aOqeHme: CHCTCMbl
CqHTaeTCR
KOHTpOAH
BHyTpeHHerO nOAOpBaTb
ymKe
AH BbliuIeHa3BaHHaH
6aHKa?
ayAHTa,
KpeAHTyeMbIX HM OTpacAci npoMbIuAeHHOCTH?
T.e.
KOHTpOAH
HH(FOpMaUHS
CYU 3a
CYICCTBYIOYO
AU
BeAeHHCM CHCTeMy
AoCTaTOqHOH
KCTBYOT KaKHe-AH6o
y'leTa
H
T.A.,
KOHTPOAR
ApyrHe KOTOpbIe
HAUA YCHAHTb
Am
OeCHIH
npogeAypbl MOrAH
6bl
HMelOUHeCH
HeAOCTaTKH?
[IP4AO2BEHHE B. I1POBEPKA KPEAh1THOA KYAbTYPbl
XOTSi
cama no ce6e KOHCen1lUHl
CYHTaeTCH, BTHM
nOHHTHeM
pHCKaMH,
nOHHMalOT
BKAIO'IaR
aqcXeKTHBHOCTb
COBOKYnHOCTb
AcAOBy1o
cBR3eH,
cTpaTerHllo,
COCTaB
BOnPOCbl nOAe3Hbl AAA nOHHMaHHI
Kpe,MNMJVWN a
KpeAHTHOH
'ITO HMeHHO YPOBeHb KpeAHTHOH
XOTHI
H
KyAbTypbi
nOAXOAOB
6aHKa
KpeAHTHNYO
Ka'ieCTBO
nBAReTCS
K
KameCTBO
aKTHBoB.
ynpaBAeHHio
nOATrHKY,
KpeAHTHOrO
pacriAbmsaTofi,
OCHOBbl
nOpTe.
IoA
KpeAHTHbTMH KpeAHTOBaHSI,
IlepeqHcAeHHbIe
HHme
KpeAHTHOH IKyAbTypbi 6aHKa.
IOpTIJeAh
cpaBHeHHe
He
BcerAa
Bo3Mo2KHo,
nopTq)eAeH y 6aHKOB-KoHKypeHToB,
HO
BCe
me,
KaKOBbl
BO3MOflHbl AH KaKHe-AH6o 6bNcTpbie HMeHeHHSI
*
AocTaTo'HO AH AHBepCH(IHUHPoBaH KpeAHTHblH nOpTq)eAb? KpeAHTyeMbiX
CYMMbl
Ha PbIHKe? 4
TO npOH3wAAeT, eCAH y
6aHKoM KpyUHb1X 3aeMUjHKOB, OTpaCAeH npOMblUIAeHHOCTH
B03HHKHyT
araKue-AH6o CAO2KHOCTH?
reOrpaq)lHqecKoMy npH3HaKy,
KpeAHTHbWX
HX cAa6bie H CHAbHbIe CTOpOHbl?
*
cerMeHTOB
AOBOAbHO
KyAbTypbl onipeAeAHeT
no BaAIOTaM,
HAH npO'IHX
AHBePCH(pHUHPOBaH AH nOpTq)e.Ab no
nO CpOKaM H nO KpeHATHbIM HHCTPYMeHTaM?
*
KaK
*
OTpamaeT Al CUCTeMa ynpaBAeHieCKOH HHqOpMaaUHH OpraHH3a4UHOHHYO KoH(PHrypaUmo H COCTaB nopTq,%R?
*
'iacTo nPOBOAHTCR o63opbl KCpeAHTHOrO nopTq?
HaCKOAbCKO 'IYBCTBHTeAbHbl COTPYAHHKH KpeAHTHOrO OTAeAa K OTpaCAH H 8KOHOMHKH?
110
UHKAaM KOHbIOHKTypbl,
YHpaBueHHe IcpeANTHMMrNH pHCJ(aM
*
*
IIOMHRT AM COTPYAHHKH npoiuAbie ypOKH?
RBAxeTc'R
AH
nOAHTHKa
B
6aHKa
ccpepe
yxieTa
AH
npOH3BOARTCR
KOHCepBaTHBHOM;
cnHcaHHH KpeAHTOB TOAbKO noCAe npH3HaHH.R Hx 6e3HaAe2HocTH?
COTpyAHHKH
AH
HOHMmalOT
*
KpeAHTHoro
Bcex
oTAeAa
npHBep2KeHHOCTh
ypOBHeM
PYKOBOACTBa 6aHKa K noAAep2maHHIO BbICOKHX KpeAHTHbIX CTaHAapTOB?
*
o6pa3oM
KaKHM
KpeAHTHOM
nlpHHUHnlbi
ero
A0
AOBOARTCH
6aHKa
IIOAHTHKH
COTpyAHHKOB BCeX ypOBHeM?
*
KaK
*
5IBAHeTcJ
*
Cy11eCTByeT AH HaCTOAbHaH cnpaBO'IHaR KHHra Am COTpyAHHKOB rpeAHTHoro annapaTa
IOHHMaeTCsI AM OHa?
BOCnpHHHMaeTCH q)yHKUHH KpeAHTHOHi nOAHTHKM?
AH KpeAHTHbIi annapaT 6aHKa eAHHbIM geAb1M?
6 C TeM, sTo6bi OHH roBOPHAH Ha o ujeM fl3blKe?
HoHMmaeT AH KamKAbif COTPYAHHK 6aHKa, sTO OT Hero/Hee Tpe6yeTcH
*
KaKoe
OH/OHa TO,
*
B
BAHMHHe MoryT OKa3aTb HX pemleHHM
npeAoCTaBAEeHH
npoMecce
Ha BeCb
H nOHHMaeT AH
6aHK?
KpeAHTa Bce AK HCHO noHmMaioT, seM Ka2KAbiH AoA2KeH
3aHHMaTbC51?
*
Pa3pa6aTblBaeTcR AM riOCAeAOBaTCAbHbIH CTHAb H nOAxOA ICKKpeATOBaHHIO?
lOAONTHra H cTpaTergz *
KamHe
CTpaTerHseCKHe
KaKoBbI
KOHKypeHTHbie
npeHmyueCTBa
YcTaHoBAeHbI AH rpa(HKH AOCTHM2eHH. AH onpeAeAeHbi
lpaBHAbHO
*
Bbi6opa
BO3MO2KHOCTH
pblHKH
6aHKa?
CyigeCTBYIOT
B
FpaBHAbHa
AH
nOCTaBAeHHbIX H npaBHAbHO
AaHHOH
CHTyaMHH?
6aHKa?
CTpyKTypa
CeAeCH?
AH Bb16paHbl
H ocyu cTBARIoTcR
noAxoAbi? UHMpOKO HCfioAb3yeTcH MeTOA OT6opa geAeBbIX pbIHKOB?
*
HacKoAbKo
*
FPHHHMalOT AH y"aCTHe B npogecce
nAaHHpOBaHHR
AeHTeAbHOCTH
6aHKa COTpyAHHKH,
pa3pa6aTbiBaBuIHe ero KpeAHTHylO nOAHTHKy? OgeHHBaIOT AH OHH CTeneHb pHCKa Toro HAH HHOrO cerMeHTa pbIHKa? *
IBAIIOTCR
AH KOHTPOAHPYIOIHMH
KpeAHTHoH cHcTeMbi
(paKTOpaMH
nepCneKTHBbl pa3BHTHR
6aHKa? YAoBAeTBOpsuOTc.i
AH nOAHOCTbIO
H geAOCTHOCTb
nIOTpe6HOCTH
pb1HKa B
KpeAHTaX?
*
ECTb AH CBHAeTeAbCTBO TOrO, sTO TOT HAH HHOH COTpyAHHK 6OAbuxe AyMaeT o ce6e CaMOM, 'eM
O 6aHKe?
*
BblAM AH yCTaHOBAeHbi npHHMIHnbi KpeAHToBaHHH TOH HAH HHOH OTpaCAH?
*
KaK MOTHBHpYIOTCH, OgeHHBaHOTCH H BO3HarpamAaIOTCH
* * *
COTpYAHHKH 6aHKa?
Cyu;eCTByeT AH opraHH3agHOHHaf pa3ApO6AeHHOCTb B cq)epe KpeAC4ToBaHHsi? 3
c!KpeKTHBHa AH
XopouIo
AM
yHKUHI KpeAHTHOH nOAHTHKH?
3aquHtieHa
HHCTHTYI;HOHaAbHaA
KpeAHTHaH
aTHKa
H
CyUgeCTByeT
AM
CneUMaAbHaM nOAHTHKa? *
CyyeCTBYIoT
AH
nOCTOAHCTBO
B
KpeAHTOBaHHH?
HpHAep2KHBaeTCA
AH
CTaHAapTHOH H pasyMHoH nOAHTHKH?
1o4r0oBowra maxpOB *
CyjeCTByeT H noAAep2KHBaeTCA AH npHopHTeT nOAroTOBKH KpeAHTHbIX KaApoB?
ill
6aHK
YjirpeilAeJe pJy0o50ojera o noBwueHa.
qyBCrrTTAhHOCeV K ifepememav
*
KpeAHTHbIX
CyUeCTBYIOT 3
OTAeAOB?
*
KTO
AK npOrpaMMbl
rIOArOTOBKH
ypOBHe
KaAPOB Ha
6aHKoB
H
q)JeKTHBHbl AH OHH?
3aAeHCTBOBaH
CO CTOPOHbi
npenoAaBaTeAeH?
4A%
y'e6bi Hym2Hbi
94JXeKTHBHOH
TaAaHTAHBbie AIOAH. ECTb AH TaKHe CpeAH BaiunHx npenoAaBaTeAeH? *
BblAH AH ycTaHoaAeHbI KPHTePHH Heo6xoAHMbIx HaBb1KOB AAm COTpyAHHKOB KpeAHTHOro OTAeAa Ha HaqaAbHOM,
CpeAHeM
H CTapuieM
ypOBHe?
FPHHHMaACH
AH BO BHHMaHHe
OnbIT pa6oTbl? *
KaKOB CpeAHHH BospaCT COTPYAHHKOB KpeAHTHOrO oTAeAa?
*
Ha
aTane
nCPBOM
o6AaCTH,
B
o6yqeHHHs
KOTOpOH
cPHHaHCbi KopnopaHH',
OHH
npeAAaraeTCH
pa6oTaloT,
AH
TaKHe
BceM
o6yqaeMbiM,
npeAMeTbi,
He3aBHCHMo
6yxraATepcKHwH
Kxa
OT
yeT,
BKOHOMHxa, KpeAHTHblIH aHaAH3 H fIOAXOAbI K KpeAHTOBaHHio?
HpO;geCC rpeATOBamHI *
CyJIJeCTByeT
AH
BO3HHKHoBeHHH *
HMeeTca
CHCTCMa
Ha6AioAeHHS
3a
OTKAOHeHHHMH
OT
npogecca
no mepe
Hx
?
AH OnHCaHHe npogecca KpeAHTOBaHHq OCHOBHblX
o6AacTeii B BHAe cxeMbl?
HIpoBepHeTcsi AH peryAHpHo ero co6AioAeHHe? *
AH
AOCTaTOqHO
KBaAH(PHIHpOBaH
nepcoHaA
AAm
pa6oTbl
pbIHKa? BeAeTcH AH Ha6AioAeHHe 3a KoMneTeHUHeH
B
cerMeHTax
pa3AH-!HbiX
pe3yAbTaTaMH AeHTeAbHOCTH
Bcex
COTPYAHHKOB Ha Bcex ypOBHSIX? *
OnTHMaAbHO AM HcnOAb3ylOTCA cnoco6HOCTH COTPYAHHKOB?
*
COOTBeTCTBYIOT AH
*
HacKOAbKO UeAecoo6pa3Hbi riopyieHHbie TeM HAH HHbIM coTpyAHHKaM 3aAaHH%?
*
HeT
*
BoBAeqeHbl AH B npoMecc KpeAHToBaHHR COTPYAHHKH,
npaBHAa
AH Hs6bITO9HOfi
H MeToAbi KpeAHToBaHHM
opraHH3agHOHHOH CTpyKType?
poTaMHH? ocyigeCTBAffio1gHe
Ha6AioAeHHe
3a pa6oToii COTpyAHHKOB KpeAHTHorO OTAeAa, H o6a3aHbl AH OHH npeTBOp5Tb B 2KHSHb BbICOKHe
KpeAHTHbie
CTaHAapTbI
AOAroCposHOH nepcneKTHBe
H
AHCUHnAHHy?
PaCCMaTPHBaiOT
AH
OHH
BTO
B
HAM nOAAalOTMH KpaTKOCPOIHbIM co6Aa3Ham? 4eAerHpyior
AM OHH CBOH nOAHOMOMHH B KpeANTHOH o6AacTH? *
CylecTByKYr AH MHHHMaAbHbie CTaHAapTbl AAR KpeAHTHbIX 3aRBOK?
*
MoryT AH COTPYAHHKH KpeAHTHoro OTAeAa MbICAHTb KpeAHTHbIMH KaTeropHIMmH?
*
Hlo4oTqeTHbl AH COTpy4HHKH KpeAHTHOrO oTAeAa?
*
BbISBAMIOT
AH
COTPYAHHKH
KpeAHTHOrO
OTAeAa
BO3HHKaioujHe
npo6AeMbl
Ha
Bce
100%? *
OleHHBaeTc.! AH XOTH 6bl pa3 B rOA KaqeCTBO pa6oTbl KpeAHTHbIX COTPyAHHKOB?
*
BbInoAHxeTc9
AH
pa6oTa
no
cnaceHHIo
KpeAMTOB
AeHCTBHTeAbHO
KoMneTeHTHbiMH
COTpyAHHKaMH?
Ay,grn *
14TO
BKAiOqaeT
COOOTBeTCTBHM
B
ce6s
onepagHH
ay4HT? 6aHKa
OcyujecTBA&eTcM KpeAHTHOH
AH
nOAHTHKH,
peryApSHa. CTPaTerFH
npoBepKa H
flaHaM
AeMTeAbHOcTH?
*
Kax
qacTo
oBeHHBaIoTcM
npaKTHKa,
npoUeAypbi,
KpeAHTHOrO OTAeAa 6aHKa?
112
o6uee
BeAeHHe
AeA
H nOpT"3eAH
YupaAC.ieAwe KpediNMMMNF p9CKaMN
*
HacKOAbKO
XOpOI1O
Ka2AaR
neperoBopbi no RpeAHTaM,
CTpyXTYPHa
AOKyMeHTHPYeT
eAHHHUa
nlOHHMBeT
CBOU
pbIHOK,
BeAeT
H BblAaeT HX, a TaKme ynpaBAReT CBOHM
nopT)eAeM, BKAioq)aH npo6AeMHblf? e
KaK o6CToHT AeAO C nOArOTOBXOi K8aApOB?
*
HeT AH H-36biToMHoH pOTagHH?
*
fIBAS
WCR AH ayAHTOpbi AeHCTBHTeAbHO KOMnleTeHTHbIMH H OlblTHbIMH COTpyAHHKaMH?
113
i j
iI
YHPABAEHHE 4DHHAHCAMH
4.
4
nHTep
CHAbi aKTHBHO
MorysHe
ycAyr
6aHKOBCKHX
onepagHH. BO
H HX
peryAHPOBaHHB
npoMbiIIIAeHHOCTH,
npHBaTH3aUHeH
nporpeccoM,
BHAbI
6aHKH,
(PyHK%HOHHpyioT
TOprOBAH
HHTepHaUHOHaAH3aUHefH
HHHOBagHSIMH,
(pHHaHCOBbIMH
KOTOpOH
B
MHOrHX CTpaHax apa BKOHOMHqecKoro
TeXHH'eCKHM
nepeA
YCTynaTb
Ha4HHaeT
CpeAy,
(POpMHpyIOT
DaAAerrH
(PHHaHCOB,
H
AeMorpapHqeCKHMH cABHraMH, KOTOpble Bbl3bIBaioT H3MeHeHHH B xapaKTepe ycAyr, o2KHAaeMbix 3
mOTpe6HTeAmMH.
MTO ()HHaHcoBaH
xoAa nepeCTpoHKH 6aHKoB B 10 cTpaHax rIOKa3aAo, B
npeAnocbIAKOH
BamKHOH
B
pefpOpM
3Ha'ieHHe
COnyTCTBOBaTb
HM.
4 6
10
H
nOAHTHKe
Ba2KHeuman
cKopee
AH6epaAH3aUHH,
nOAHTHKe
B
HccAeAoBaHHe BHAaCb yMaARIOT
noA'iepKHBaloT
OHH
AOA2KHbl
KOTOpbIe
AeAa
6aHKoBcKoro
He
OTHIOAb
nepeMeH,
HHCTHTYIHOHaAbHbiX
peipopMa
CHCTeMbl
AH6&paAH3agHSI
BbIBOAbl
aTH
CAyqaeB.
qHHaHCoBOH
AOCTOHHCTB
MHorosHCAeHHbIX
H3
Ka2KAoM
6aHKoBcKofi
HeAaBHee
6aHKoBcKoro ynpaBAeHHs.
MeToAaM
Bbl3OB TpaAHUHOHHbIM
6pocaloT
AeperyAHpOBaHHem
TH CHAbl BMCCTe C BKOHOMH'eCKHM
3aKAIOqaeTCH
B
yKpenAeHHH peryAHpOBaHHH Ha OCHOBe 3ApaBoro CMbICAa no mepe oCAa6AeHHA peryAHpoBaHHs MexaHH3Mbl.
aKOHOMHMeCKHe
mepe3
MTo6bl
6aHKaM,
Heo6xOAHMbie
47
C
CipaBHTbCH
yCAOBHRMH,
BHeCIIHHMH
H3MeHHBIUHMHCR
2KH3HeHHO
peqpOpMbi,
BHyTpeHHHe
Ba2Hbie
MHOrHe
CpHHaHcaMH.
cocpeAOTO'ieHbI B o6AacTH ynpaBAeHHI
CTPYKTYPHblE H3MEHEHHR B CPE4E BAHKOBCKOrO OKPY?HEHHH BaHKH
MHorHx
BO
peryAHpOBaHHH,
aKOHOMH'eCKOrO
H noAAep2KHBaeT
KOHKypeHgHH peryAHpoBaHHe
K
6apbepbi H
OTAeAeHHH
AAA
HOBbIX
4
H
(PHAHaAOB
KOHKypeHUHH; MOHOnOAHH
46 3,
onpeAeAeHHbIX
npH6bIAbHOCTb
CHH2teHHIO
B
B
OHO TaKme H
ycAyraM
o6AaCTH
XOTH Mo2KeT
HHHOBagHRM.
OTKpbITHR
AeHTeAbHOCTH
AHBepcH(pHKaUHH
npOAYKUHH npeAOCTaBAHeT
HHCTHTyTOB.
KOHTpOAHpyIOT BXOA B AaHHyio OTpaCAb,
orpaHHmeHHH
KOHKypeHToB;
CHCTeMbl,
30HTHKOM
pa3BHTHIO
nIpeflSITCTBYeT
qpHHaHCOBbIM
6aHKa
3aSIHTHbIM
cIHHaHCOBbIX
6aHKOBCKOHi
nO
3aTpaT
Bonpocax
pOCT,
flOOulpHeT
K YCTaBy H KanHTaAy
Tpe6oBaHHR
HanpHMep,
KOTOPOe
rloA
AeHCTBOBaAH
HCTOpH9CCKH
Mo0eT 3alqHTHTb mH3Hecnoco6HOCTb
CTpeMAeHHe
nOAaBHTb
co3AaBaH
CTpaHax
HOBbIX
nfpen5rTCTBYIOT
KOHKypeHTHbIe npeHMylgeCTBa OTAeAbHbIM
LWeHr 1990a.
LeAb
BKOHOMH'ieCKOro
peryAHpOBaHHh
COCTOHT B
yAy'iineHHH
ynpaBAeHHR
H paSBHTHR 3KOHOMKH
H
BbinOAHeHHR COUHaAbHbIX 3aAaM. OT4eAbHbie npHMepbi SKOHOMH'IeCKOrO peryAHpOBaHHJ H HX 3sMaqH BKAIO'iaIOT Tpe6oBaHHI
no
npaBHTeAbCTBO
o6ecne'ieHHe [IpHMepaMH
nOAAep2KaHHio
CoUHaAbHOrO
KpeAHTOBaHHe
HMeAO
KaKHe-TO
HaAe2KHOCTH
O6nsaTeAbHbIX
pesepBOB
H BKoHoMHmeCKOrO pa3BHTHR, nocTynAeHHR.
OTAeAbHbIX
H
q)HHaHCOBbiX
MOryT CAYMHTb AHMHTbl Ha pHCK
AAA
KOHTpOAR
a TaK2me
Hao6opoT, HHCTHTYTOB
HaAorH
UeAbiO H
AOCTaTO9HOCTH KanHTaAa H AHKBHAHOCTH; npaBHAa no KAaCCH(PHKaUHH H npeKpaIIeHHIO HamHCAeHHA npoUeHToB.
115
cosAaHHeM
pa3yMHOrO
BCeH
OTAeAbHOrO saeMIIHKa,
sa
no pa3AHHHbiM
AeHer,
npnmoe
cAeAKaM,
'1To bl
JIBAAeTCH
peryAHpOBaHHA
q)HHaHCOBOH
CHCTeMbl
6
B
jeAOM.
rpynnbl HAH CeKTOpa; HHCTPYKUHH no
KpeAHTOB,
CO3AaHHIO peSepBOB OT nOTepb
Ympe,zueme pyKwoBro4ema N 1o705MeW opraHH3agUHM;
a
pa3AH4He
B MeHax
oe q00e7zCycAzHOCe7K irnepeCmeam
Ha yCAyrH
B pe3yAbTaTe peryAHpOBaHHH
npOOgeHTHbIX
CTaBOK AaeT npeHmylgeCTBeHHoe nOAO?KeHHH ApyrHM OpraHH3agHHM.
H1XOTH
HeKOTOpbIe CyU4eCTBY1OIIAHe y'pe24eHHs
TaKOrO nOAO2KeHHH
Beulje,
peryAHpOBaHHeM,
onpeAeAeHHble
BblrOAbI OT
peryARTHBHaH 3aJgHTa HapyiuaeT pacnpeAeAeHHe pecypCOB BHYTpH
TaM, rAe aKTHBbl
BKOHOMHKH.
MOrYT nOAy'IaTb
H o6R3aTeAbCTBa
-3aUj1HqgeHHbJX yqpemAeHHH
onpeAeA.HJOTC
nOTOKH c6epemeHHii H HHBeCTHUHOHHbie peuieHHH B BKOHOMHKe HCnbITbJBaiOT
3HaxHTeAbHoe BAHSHHe CO CTOpOHbl npoUecca peryAHpoBaHHi,
a He pbJHOqHbJX MexaHHSMoB.
KpoMe TOrO, B 3peAbIX pbIHKaX, peryAHpOBaHHe OrpaHHHHBaeT BO3MOmHOCTH pocTa 6aHKoB 4epe3
AHBePCH@HKaUHIO
pyKOBOAHTeAeH Toro,
H
npenITCTBYeT
(PHHaHCOBbIX yqpe2KAeHHH.
KaK noA AaBAeHHeM MHOrHX
H3MeHeHHH,
npHBaTH-3aUHH,
pa3BHTHIO
HaBbIKOB
ynpaBAeHHH
pHCKOM
y
3TH HeAOCTaTKH CTaHoBHTcH OqeBHAHbIMH no mepe
CHA: Hay'lHO-TeXHHIeCKOrO
nporpecca,
HHTepHaMHOHaAH3agHH TOproBAH H qHHaHCOB,
AeMorpacpHIqeCKHX
CeKb!OpHTH3aUHH, a
TaK2Ke HeycTOH'iHBOCTH npogeHTHb1X CTaBOK H BaAHoTHb]X KypCoB, - OCAa6eBaeT peryAHpoBaHHe HHAYCTPHH (HHaHCOBbNX yCAyr. Hay4Ho-TeXHHmecKHfi npeAOCTaBAeHHH
nporpecc B o6AacTH
(pHHaHCOBbIX
(PHHaHCOBbIX onepagHH.
ycAyr H
TexHoAorHi
6aHKoBcKoro AeAa:
MHOrOKpaTHO
TalK2e
TeXHHKa H3MeHReT
yBeAHqHBaeT
BO3MO2KHOCTH
MeTOAbl
npOBeAeHHH
MOmeT CHH3HTb 3aTpaTbl H y2KCTO4HTb BXOA B
HHAYCTpHIO qfHHaHCOBbIX yCAyr. 7eMorpaqPH1jecKHe H3MeHHeT
H3MeHeHHH:
OCHOBHYIO
KAHeHTaMH;
B
pa3BHTbhx
HanpaBAeHHOCTb
n1pOHCXOAHT
CABHr OT KpeAHTOB
3Ha-HMOCTb yAo6CTBa npeAOCTaBA3ieMbiX 6oAee Mo6HAbHbIM,
cTpaHax
(HHaHCOBbIX
BO3paCTHaH
ycAyr,
CTpyKTypa
Tpe6yeMbIX
K c6epemeHHRM
HaCeAeHHH
HHAHBHAyaAbHb1MH
H HHBeCTHIH5M.
Bo3pacTaeT
yCAyr 11o mepe TOrO, KaK o6ujeCTBO CTaHOBHTCI BCe
KaK B03paCTalOT paCCTOBHHSI OT AoMa
Ao
MeCTa pa6oTbI
H yMeHbWlaeTCH
KOAH'eCTBO BpeMeHH, KOTOpOe MO0KHO 6b!Ao 6bl nOCBSTHTb peiuieHHIo AeA, cBa3aHHbIX B AI06oH qpopMe C (PHHaHCaMH.
BIoAee BbICOKHH YPOBeHb (pHHaHCOBblX yCAyr, OKa3biBaeMbix
HaceAeHHIO,
nOTpe6oBaA OTMeHbl peryAHpoBaHHHI, KOTopoe 6AaronpHsTcTByeT qpHHaHCOBOMy yqpe2KAeHHio 3a cqeeT KAHeHTa. IHPHBaTH3aUHR: HpHBaTH3agHR pHHaHCOBbie
MHOrHe
npaBHTeAbCTBa
CHH2KaeT 6pemH BO3Mo2KHOCTH
AeHaMHOHaAH3HpyioT
CeKTopbi
rOCyAapCTBeHHorO
CeKTOpa AAR BKOHOMHKH,
(pHHaHCOBbIX
H
AAA
yqpe?KAeHHH
H3MeHReT
BKOHOMHKH.
co3AaeT HOBbie XapaKTePHCTHKH
KpeAHTHoro PHCKa BHOBb npHBaTH3HPOBaHHb1X npeAnpHRTHli. HHTepHaUHoHaAH3aUHR
TOprOBAH
H
q(HHaHcoB:
npoAoAKaeTCT
ycKopeHHe
HHTerpaCIHH
MHpOBOH aKOHOMHKH no mepe Toro, KaK H npoH3BOACTBeHHbie KOMnaHHH H KOMnaHHH Cq)epbi
ycAyr
nbITa1OTCS1
npoBeAeHHe
Ao6HTbCM
onepagHH
TpaHCHaUHOHaAbHOH (HpM
HAeT
OKa3bbBaTb
KaK
B
AesTeAbHOCTH
napaAAeAbHO
orpaHHleHHH
npeHMyujecTBa,
pa3BHTbIX,
TaK
npOMbilHAeHHbIX,
C pOCTOM cpHHaHcOBb1X
q)HHaHCOBbie yCAyrH KAHeHTaM
BeAYT CBOH AeAa. TaKas CHHMaTb
KOHKypeHTHoro
H
B
cTpaTerHIeCKH pa3BHBaIOlJHXCH
ceAbCKOXOSHHCTBeHHbIX (PHpM no
mepe Toro,
H3 CBOeH CTpaHbi
OpHeHTHPYRCb
CTpaHax.
Ha
BXOA
H
BeACT
K
116
6oAbumeii
KaK OHH nb1TalOTCH
B TOM MCCTe,
rapMOHH3aIHH
POCT
H KOMMep'iCCKHX
rAe HX KAHeHTb1
AeHTreAbHOCTb oKA3biBaeT AaBAeHHe Ha Bce cTpaHbl,
peryAHpOBaHHR.
Ha
3aCTaBARA
Hx
3aKOHOAaTeAbHoro
YJYpa,geHHe qOHnaHcaMH
CeKbiopirwmaM1mU:
CPeACTBa
(lHHaHCOBbie
HHHOBaUHOHHbie
HCnOAb3OBaTb
YAOBAeTBOpeHHR
AAR
nPHeMbi
H
npOAOAmUalOT
6aHKOB
KOMMepMeCKHX
H
HHBeCTHUHOHHb1X
6aHKHpbl
noTpe6HocTeHi B KpeAHTaX H AHKBHAHOCTH He TOAbKO KpynSHbIX 3aeMlIJHKOB, HMe}Ol4HX BbICOKHH peHTHHr,
HO TaKme
6ymarH,
HnOTeCHbie
H
UeAbiX
HqHBocTb
HHTepHajHOHaAH3aUHH
npoUeHTHoH
LLTaTaX KoMMepCeCKHe
COeAHHeHHbIX
AOXOAbI
BbiCOKHe
RBARIOTCA npHMepaMH npogecca ceKbiopHTH3aMHH.
CTaBKH
npoleHTHOH
mepe
no
KypCa:
BaAIOTHOrO
H
CTaBKH
He3aBHCHMbIH
npaBreTCAbCTBa nPOBOAHTb
OTAeAbHOrO
o6MeHa
H KypCOM
BaAIoT,
8TH
yqpe2KAeHHH
4pHHaHCOBbIX
Ha
OTBeMaTb
TalKHe
6aAaHca H BO3MO2KHOCTeH
3HaqHTeAbHOH
B
HsMeHeHHH
geHbI
H peryAHpoBaHHH
3aBHCCTb OT CyUgeCTByIOIUHX OrpaHH'CHHH CTPYKTypbI
Toro
yAyT
KOHTpOAb HaA
BOSMOmHOCTb CTeneiiHH
(HHaHCOBbIX
6yAeT
npoAyKToB,
xeAmHPOBaHH5i
rnpHeMbI UHHaHCOBOrO
HcnOAb3OBaTb
KaK 6
6yAYT nOABepraTbcH
CTaBKH
H, B HeCKOTOPbIX CAyqaHX, OmeHb pe3KHM KOAe6aHHHM e2KeAHeBHo.
BHe3anHb1M
MyCOpHbie
48
TOprOBAH H NHHaHCOB, a Taime MrHOBeHHbie TeAeKommyHHKaUHH
yme1HbuiaTb cnoco6HOCTb YPOBHeM
B
npHHOCRUJHe
TaJK2e
a
6yMarH,
leHHbIe
o6AHralHH" (junk-bonds) HeycTo
CeKToPOB BKOHOMHKH.
(B
ynpaBAeHHH).
AOnOAHeHHe K HX HaBbIKaM (PHHaHCOBOrO
TH CHAbl pa3AHqHbIM o6pa3oM nOApbiBaKOT CTpyKTypy peryAHpoBaHHH. OHH pa3MbiBaioT TpaAHUHOHHbIe pa3AHqHH KaK C TOqKH 3peHHH caMoro npoAyKTa (HanpHMep, cseTa A,I 9
nopHAKa HsbS1THg, AenO3HTbl AO BOCTpe6oBaHH.I H B3aHMHbIC q)oHAbi AeHe2KHoro
AOrOBoPHOrO
pbIHKa),
TaK
C
H
TOqKH
6aHKH). OHH cloco6CTBylOT
HHBeCTHUHOHHbIe HOBbIX H
HHHOBapHOHHbIX
AOXOAbl
OT
CCYA
opraHH3agHH.
Mapma
H3-3a
yMeHbwaKOTCSI
BXO2KAeHHIO
HOBbIe
HCTO'HHKH
OCHOBbl
npH6bLAH
(KoMMeplecKHe
npH blAH cHHmaeTCSR
6aHIKH
pHHaHCOBbiX
B HHAYCTPHIO
6
B03paCTalOuleH
B CBOIO oMepeAb, yBeAWqHBalOTCR
qpHHaHCHpOBaHHe, AOnOAHeHHe,
HHCTHTy!HOHaAbHOH
3peHHu
no
KOHKypeHUHH.
yCAyr
Mepe TOrO,
KaK
PacxoAbl
Ha
no Mepe BBOAa HOBbIX HHCTpyMeHTOB.
co3AaioTc.l
npeAeAaMH
3a
H
B
cyugecTByIoujero
peryAHpoBaHHM. YcKopeHHoe
AeperyAHPOBaHHe
CO3AaeT
HOBbie
B03MOmHOCTH
AAR
6 npH blAH,
HO
TaK2Ke
conpOB0mAaeTCH 3HaqHTeAbHo 6OAbLUHM pHCKOM AAR UHHaHCOBbiX yqpe2mAeHHf. CIHHaHCOBbie yqpe2KAeHH.9 HMeIOT 6OAbUiylo BepORTHOCTb HeyAaqH B TaKoli cpeAe, eCAH OHH He CyMeCyr
o6peCTH
HeO6XO4HMblH OllblT ynpaBAeHHH PHCKOM.
B sKoHoMHKe 3asHCHT OT AOCTylHOCTH CBoeBpeMeHHOH, TOMHOA H HHaAemHoi pblHlKe. KamAbiiH Hs mHE)OpmwMHH o saeMuJHKax, a TaJme sO3MomHOcTH npoAaBaTb 8TH eAHHHIbl Ha aKTHBMiOM ceKbI0pHTH3aUHH, *THX 4 axTopoB yBeAuwumaeT 2KeAa"He HepHpHaHCOBbIX HHCTHTyToB npmiTm y'acTHe B npoyecce 48 YpoBeHb
eeKbIOpHTH384HH
MOmKeT KOTOpblI Ao6aBUseT aKTHBHocTh H rAy6HHbi pbIHKY AaHHb1X jeHHbiX 6yMar. POCT CeKbKOPHTH3aaHH ioar slaTpoHyTh npH6bIAbHoCTb H npojHAb plHcKa qwHaHconorO HHcTHTyTa. flocxoAbKy ceKblOpHTHo3BaHHblf o6bImHO o6XoAHTcS BbICOKO KaqecTBeHHbIM 3aeMIuHKaM AeuleBAe, qeM KpeAHTbl, noAy'eHHble y KoMMeplecKxHX 6 6 wT0 b blTb B COCTORHHH KOHKypHpOBaTh 3a 6aHKoB, 6aHKH BblymAei4bi cHHmaTh cBOH cTaBKH KpeAHToBaHHS, 3 To CHH2KaeT npOUeHTHblH CllpeA H npH6btAbHoCTh. CTapaneb nOBbICHTb cBoIo nepBoKaccHbix KAHeHTOB. AOXOAHocTb,
6aHKH
Ba9acTyIo
o6paUJalOTCR
K onepaipmm
HeHaAeuHbEK 3aeMCMIHKOB.
117
noBbilmeHHoro
pHcKa,
TaKHM,
KaK
KpeAHToBaHHe
Y,qpenIeemme p7momoicrTa N JoWiureJme vy7CT5TeAbHOCTN x IepemeHamr YIIPABAEHHE 0PHHAHCAMH HA PA3BHBAIOIUHXCR QHHAHCOBbIX PbIHKAX ,4o
HeAaBHero
BpeMeHH
cPHHaHcoBbix
PbIHKOB
MOHeTapHb1MH
BAaCTIMH,
ynpaBAeHHe
()HHaHCaMH
pa3BHBaiOU4HXCR CTpyKTypa
CTpaH.
He
HMeAo
oco6oro
HlpoUeHTHbie
(HHaHCOBb1X
HHCTpyMeHTOB
3Ha-IeHHI
AAR
CTaBKH
q)HKCHPOBaAHCb
qaCTO
yCTaHaBAHBaAaCb
sapaHee, (fHHaHCOBbIe pblHKH oTAH'laAHCb MaAoH rAy6HHoH H CTeneHbio aKTHBHocTH, 6aHKaM He pa3peWlaAocb
BeCTH
nOBepXHOCTHblM
onepagHH
B
HHOCTpaHHOH
H OTHOCHTeAbHbIM,
T.K.
6aHKH
BaAIOTe,
nAaHHpOBaHHe
o6AaAaAH orpaHH'ieHHOH
6biAo
oqeHb
aBToHoMHocTbio,
a Ha1HOHaAbHbie CTaHAapTbl y'eTa He Tpe6oBaAH TOH cTeneHH paCKpbITHM HHqOpMaUHH, KOTOpaH no3BoAHAa 6bl oUeHHTb npH6blAbHocTb HAH AOCTaTo'HOCTb KanHTaAa.
Cejcac Ha MHOrHX PbIHKax nOAO2KeHHe MeHHeTcM, B HeKoTopb1x CAy-IaRX AOBOAbHO peSKO, 'no noTpe6oBaAo cpo'nHoro yCHAeHHS ynpaBAeHHq (pHHaHCaMH 6aHKoB, qpyHKgHOHHpy3OuHX Ha BTHX pblHKaX. Heo6xoAHMo yKpenHTb HeCKOAbKO o6AaCTefi: (HHaHCOBylO HHcpOpMagHio Hy2KHO CAeAaTb 6 oAee AOCTynHOH, HymHo pa3BHBaTb (pHHaHCOByiO noAHTHKy, qpHHaHCOBbIC HaBbiKH, B oco6eHHOcTH B ynpaBAeHHH aKTHBaMH, o6R3aTeAbCTBaMH
H nOpT(pCARMH,
Heo6xOAHMo co3AaTb
npoUecc ynpaBAeHHH aKTHBaMH H o6R3aTeAbCTBaMH,
yAyqlllHTb opraHH3aUHOHHyIO CTpyKTypy, '1eTKO pacnpeAeAHTb o6Ai3aHHocTH no (PHHaHCOBOMY ynpaBAeHHro H nOBbJCHTb BqfXpeKTHBHOCTb KOHTPOAR.
UEAH H MACIUTAb YnPABAEHHH 0PHAHCAMH ueAb ynpaBAeHHR KOHKpeTHOrO
(PHHaHCaMH
yqpemAeHHH,
TeopeTHqecKH,
aTa
KOTOpaR
AOXOAOB.
npeACTaBARIoT pe3yAbTaTe
HHCTbie
ycToH'lHBbie
noAyqeHHbie
MeHHOCTb
UpaBHAbHOrO
qTO
4To6bi
AAR
AOXOAbi
ynpaBAeHHH
B PeCyAbTaTe
HHBeCTOpa,
MaKcHMH3HpoBaTb
npH6bIAbHoCTbIo
HCnOAb3YH AHCKOHTHpOBaHHe,
AOxOAbl,
MCHbltylO
B TOM,
onpeAeAReTca
ripeAnoAaraeT,
MeAb
KanHTaAH3HPY1OTCR HHBeCTOpaMH, aTHX
3aKAioqaeTcR
'ieM
opraHH3amHei,
CTOHMOCTb
CTeneHblO
KoMriaHHH
B
pHcKa. 6yAyujeM
oTpamaioijee H3MeHeH-JHBOCTb cneKyARTHBHOH
OCHOBHOH
T.K.
H
AOXOA,
YCTOHqHBOCTb
AesTeAbHOCTH, noAy'eHHblH
H
B
nOCTOHHHOCTb
CneKYARTHBHbDX AOXOAOB BcerAa nOA COMHeHHeM yfKe no caMOMy onpeAeAeHHIO cneKyARHHH. YnpasAeHHH (pHHaHcaMH
B 3HaqHTeAbHOH
XOTH (pYHKUHR ynpaBAeHHR
(pHHaHCaMH
cTeneHH
He OTBeCaeT
6aHKoBCKHMH pHCKaMH, OHa HrpaeT UeHTPaAbHYIO OTCAeMHBaHHH
H
rLAaHHpOBaHHH
pa3HoBHAHocTRM AeAOBOrO OTHOCATCA
pOAb
IOKYCHpyeTCH
Ha ynpaBAeHHH pHCKOM.
HCKAIOqHTeAbHO
3a ynpaBAeHHe
BceMH
B onpeAeAeHHH, ycTaHoBAeHHH o6beMa,
aqxeKTHBHoro
ynpaBAeHHR pHcKOM. K CaMbiM BaMHbIM 6aHKa, [OMHMO KpeAHTHOrO pHCKa H pHCKa MOilleHHHqeCTBa, pbIHKa, nOTpe6HTeAR, TeXHOAOrHqeCKHe pHCKH H (pHHaHCOBbie
pHCKa
pHCKH npOAyKTa,
pHCKH.
PHCKH
npOAyKToB,
KOHKypeHTOB
H
PbIHKOB
H
noTpe6HTeAH
3aKoHoAaTeAeH,
a
TaKffle
BO3HHKa[OT
BCAeACTBHe
xapaKTepa H o6ujero pa3mepa pbIHKOB. [lpHeMAeMOcTb KOHKpLTHOrO
npeAnPHHTHR
HanpHMep, BBeAeHHe C'eTOB B
CWUA
MO2KeT
3Ha'HTeAbHO
A HII(AoroBOpHblH
BbiHyAHAO KOMMepeCcKHe
B
pe3yAbTaTe
H3MeHeHHH
o6i_eAeMorpa(pHqecKoro
H npH6blAbHocTb
MeHHTbCH
B
npOAYKTOB AaHHOrO
pe3yAbTaTe
nopHAOK H3THH)
AeRTeAbHOCTH
BTHX
q)aKTOpOB.
B c6eperaTeAbHbzx Kaccax
6aHKH pa3pa6oTaTb noAo6Hyio ycAyry HAH OKa3aTbcR nepeA
AHUOM ApaMaTHqeCKOrO COKpaIeHHH AOAH pbIHKa.
118
YnpaaAeJWe
poHaHcaNCa
OpraHH3aHSI Mo2KeT HCnIbITbiBaTb TCXHOAorHeCKHe pHCKH, BO3HHKaKONJHe H3-3a IIOCTONHHO
npeBpaTHTb
MOmeT
KOTOpaR
TeXHOAOrHH,
yAyqluaeMOH
MOmeT
TeXHOAOrHH
TOrO,
KpoMe
6
ycneuIHoH
KOHKypeHEHH.
o6pa6oTKH
HH(POpMaUHH H ycAyr CpHHaHCOBb!MH yMpe2KAeHHMMH
npeHMyujeCTBa. 6
CBOH
a
nlpOAYKTbI (ycAyrH) K CBOeH
PHCKH
KOHKypeHTHOrO
annapaTbi
yBeAH4HBalOT
nOMOJ.bIO cTpaTerHecKoro nAaHHpOBaHHH 6aHKa H COCTaBAeHHH emeroAHoro 3
CTpeMHTCR
BKOHOMHqeCKHX, H
co6HpaTbcm
H KOppeKTHpyBCb,
o6HoBAfUICb
(CM.
MeponpHMTHH
H,
rAaBy
2
Yepe3 emerOAHbl
AOA2KeH peaAH3OBbIBaTbCR
emeroAHO
KOTOpbIH,
nAaH,
CTpaTerH'ieCKHH
pa3pa6oTaH
6blTb
AO4MHbl
AeHTeAbHOCTb
OTCAemKHBaTb
Heo6xoAHMo
aHaAH3HpOBaTbcQ.
TI1aTeAbHo
o6AacTH
TeHAeHUHH
TeXHOAOrHIeCKHX
H
nOAHTH9eCKHX
COEHaAbHbIX,
AOA2KeH
KOHKypeHTOB,
K KOTOpOH B
AaHHbie
3aHHMaTbcn.
AOA2KeH
OH
KOTOpOH
H AeHTeAbHOCTH,
6aHK,
6 oAmeTa 6aHJKa.
BTHX PHCKOB Tpe6yeT pa3pa6oTKH BHAeHHsi OpraHH3aMHH,
KOHTPOAb
4xpeKTHBHbliH
c
ynpaBAHTbCI
AOA2KHbl
PHCKH
TexHoAorH'eCKHe
H
AAR CO3AaHHi
6a3e.
KAHeHTcKoH
npoAyKT-pbIHoK-KAHeHT
B
npHMeHeHa
AAR
CHCTeMax
no3BoAmeT 6aHKy npHCnoca6AHBaTb
no KAHeHTaM
KaPTOTeKa
bITb
KaCCOBbie
aBTOMaTH3HPOBaHHbie
HanpHMep, noAb3oBaTeAeH,
yAo cTBO AAR
AOPOrOCTOSuIyIO
AOKyMeHTOB B ycTapeBeUyio HAH CAHIuIKOM
HH4lOpMaUHH H ripOXO2KAeHHR
o6pa6oTKH
npaiKTHKy
YCTOMBIIIYIOCR
H niAaH
6ioAmeT
"HAaHHpoBaHHe"). B npoMecce nAaHHpOBaHHH, CyuCCTB HHO BAHHIOT Ha
HaKOHeU, pelueHHH, npHHHMaeMbie
8
TpeTHH BHA pHCKOB, a HMeHHO (PHHaHCOBbie pHCKH, B KOTOPbIX MO2KHO BblAeAHTb
oTAeAbHb1X
KOMnOHeHTOB: *
- noAAepa2KHHe
4ocTaToyHocTh KaiwNala
CAHQHHQ
BbIXOA
HAH
HOBble,
Ha
KaK
TaKHX
3aAaM,
CTpaTerHYeCKHx
KaK
peELieHHH
AOCTaTO'YHOrO
npeAnoAaraembie
PHCKOBaHHbie
6oAee
KanHTaAa
YPOBHH
B
AAM
yAyugeM
TaK
6HsHeca,
BHAbI
6
H AAR
BbIHOAHeHHR Tpe6oBaHHfi peryARTHBHbIX OpraHOB;
*
KaYeCTBO a.KTBOB (xpe,vHTH,mbi
pHcK) - MHHHMH3agHR
6 y bJTKOB, B03HHKa}OJJHX
B
Pe3yAbTaTe HHBeCTHUHOHHOH HAH KpeAHTHOH AeRTeAbHocTH;
*
AHKB=ffOCTh - AOCTYnlHOCTb
CpeACTB AAR yAoBAeTBOpeHH.I
HeAOPOrHX
TeKyugHx
noTpe6HOcTeH 6HSHeca; *
9
VBcTEHrT4bHoCTb K
ynpaBAeHHe
6aAaHcoBofi
ynpaEBAeHHR
aKTHBaMH
AeRTeAbHOCTbIO
H 3a6aAaHcoBOH
H o6RI3aTeAbCTBaMH
KtpCOR
B&A4O77NbX
H3MCHCHHHM fpoUeHTHOR CraBKH Af
AAM
BbJnOAHeHHH
H AAR yAep2KaHHR
-
SaAa'l
B rpaHH^ax
pHCKa
o6uOefi nOAHTHKH; *
3
a6aAaNcoBbte oJ7epaNHH TOAbKO
COBeplllaAHCb KoHTpaKTbi,
-
HYMHO
Ao6HBaTbcR
onepagHH
caHKHOHHpOBaHHble
aKKpeAHTHBbI)
H
noAo2KeHHR
AeA,
'To6bJ
OpBapAHbie
(CBonbi,
OTCAem2HBaAOCb
BTOM
npH
TaKoro
KaYeCTBO
aKTHBOB,
AHKBHAHOCTb, npOgeHTHbie H BaAIOTHbie PHCKH, co3AaBaeMb!e aTHMH Onepa,HRMH; *
OnepayffoNHble BCAeACTBHH
pNCHKI
I1HpOKorO
-
3a
KOHTPOAb
HcnOAb3OBaHHQ
pHCKaMH
pacqeToB,
aBToMaTH3HPOBaHHbIX
BO3HHKa1OJ1HMH
CpeACTB
paC%ieTOB,
npHKAaAHbIX H HHTepq)eHCHbIX CHCTeM npH npOBeAeHHH pa3AH'HbIX onepaUHH; *
BHyTpeCHHH7
KONTpOAb
Hepa3peCueHHbIX
-
MHHHMH3aUHR
CAeAOK H onepaMHHw
nOAHTHKH;
119
6
y blTKOB,
B03HHKa}OliHX
MaxHHaHfHH H OTCTy[lAeHHH
BCAeACTBHH
OT Bbipa6oTaHHOA
YJpeaAcHeme pJYXOBOA'C7TBa O loBameirne qyBcrBCB
HCKAi
*
-
OTCAeC2HBaHHx
(cyAe6Hblx)
HCKOB
He3aBepleHHblX
COCTORIHH
AAH
esAbocrr A IlepememaAr
CHH2eHHR
o6U4HX
3aTpaT
iopHAH'iCcKHX
TexyH4HX
H Ha
cyAe6Hble
Cnopbl
H
o6ecneqeHHO CBOeBpeMeHHoro pacieTa.
KamAbiH 8AeMeHT cpHHaHCOBOrO PHCKa Tpe6yeT KOHKpeTHOH nOAHTHKH H XapaKTepHCTHKH napaMeTpoB pHcKa, Bblpa6aTblBaeMblx coBMeCTHO AHpeKTOpaMH H ynpaBAeHHeM 6aHKa. KAio'eBoH
3aAaqeH
q)HHaHCOBOH
nOAHTHKH
nBASeTC3i
6aAaHcHpoBaHHe,
o6HIaTeAbHo ypaBHeHHe, BTHX B3aHMo3aBHCHMbIX 8AeMeHTOB pHCKa. HeBo3Mo02Ho,
nOCKOAbKy
AeHCTBH.I,
npeAnPHHHMaeMbie
FIoAHoe
AAA CHH2KeHHH
npH M
TOM
He
paBHoBecHe 3AeCb
OAHHX
pHCKOB MOrYT
yBeAHqHTb ApyrHe pHCKH.
HanpHMep, pellmeHHe O nOBbliuIeHHH qyBCTBHTeAbHOCTH npOgeHTHoH CTaBKH nOpTq)eASR o6s3aTeAbcTB, npHHRTOe Am CHH2KeHHR AHc6aAaHca B ynpaBAeHHH aKTHBaMH H o6H3aTeAbCTBaMH, HeMeAAeHHO oT3oBeTCq yBeAHCeHHeM pHcKa AHKBHAHOCTH, nOCKOAbKy cpeAHHH CpOK AAHTeAbHOCTH o6S3aTeAbCTB CoKpaTHTcsl. Fo caMon cBoeH CyTH, aTH BACMeHTbI q3HHaHCoBorO pHCKa Tpe6yloT nOCT0HHHorO BHHMaHHH Co CTOPOHbl ynpaBAeHHR, HacKoAbKo
AoA2IeH
y'pemAeHH.HX, (pHHaHcaMH KpyIHbIX
4JOpMaAHaoBaH
pa6oTaioWHX
MOmeT
B
yt1peC2KAeHH.1X,
B
B
neTKO
6
6bIAH
bl
Tex
8THX
H3
ynpaBAeHHe
onpeAeAeHbl
He6oAbUHX
He(popMaAbHbIA
KOHTPOAb
aBxpeKTHBHOe
B
iipoEecc?
cpeAe,
AOCTaTOqHblH
oco6eHHOCTH
pblHKaX,
B KOTOpOM
BTOT
peryAHpyeMoH
o6ecnetffb
AeperyAHpOBaHHbIX npogecca,
a BTO, B CBOIO o9epeAb, npeAnoAaraeT pa3pa6oTKy qeTKoro npogecca.
6bITb
pHCKOB.
HHX,
4pyHKgHH
MacmTa6y ynpaBAeHHa
OAHaKo,
KoTopbic
pHCKOM
no
npoEecc
B
6OAee
AeHCTByIOT
Tpe6yeT
ynpaBAeHHH
Ha
qpOpMaAbHOrO qpHHaHCaMH
KaK
OCHOBHOH o6teKT BHHMaHHR pyKOBOACTBa. (cyHKIHR
(pHHaHcOBOro
nAaHHPOBaHHe
KanHTaAa
H
ynpaBAeHHA
BKAIO'aeT
COOTBeTCTBY]Oujero
CTpaTerHqecKoe
nAaHHPOBaHHe,
tpHHaHCHPOBaHHH,
ynpaBAeHHe aKTHBaMH H o6R3aTeAbcTBaMH, Ka3Ha'ieHCKHe onepagHH, CHCTeMbi OTqeTHOCTH H HHqopMaaUHH, COCTaBAeHHe H HcnOAHeHHe 6ioA2KeToB, nAaHHPOBaHHe H HcnOAHeHHe HaAorOBbIX nAaHOB, a TaK2me BHyTpeHHHH KOHTPOAb. B CAeAyiOJI2HX pa3AeAaX H3AaraeTCR POAb H OCHOBHbie MOMeHTbi ynpaBAeHHH (HHaHCaMH no Ka82Ao
H3 ynoM3iHyTbix o6AacTefi.
CTPATErFH'ECKOE nAAHHPOBAH[iE YnpaBAeHHe rLAaHHpoBaHH.I.
(pHHaHCaMH OHO
TeKyUgeM COCTOHHHH npOBOAHT
aHaAH3
HrpaeT
o6ecneqHBaeT
PYKOBOACTBO
H HCTOpH'eCKHX AHHaMHKH
KAiO'eByio
POAb
HanpaBAeHHR
npogecce
AOXOAHOCTH
yqpe2BAeHHH,
AeRTeAbHOCTH,
OCHOBaHHeM
AAR
paspa6oTaTb
npogeCC aHaAH3a KanHTaAbHb1X
co6HpaeT
eAHHHU), THnbi
BKOHOMHYeCKHe
cTpaTerHqecKoro
HH1JopMaglHeH,
TeHAeHUHHX pa3BHTHR BCeX BOCbMH
npH6bIAbHOCTH CTpyKTypHbIX eAHHHU ((PyHKUHOHaAbHbiX CaMOCTORTeAbHb1e
B
Ba2KHeHIleH
HanpHMep,
BAeMeHTOB
o
pHCKa,
HHqOpMagHiO
O
npOA4y1UHH, OCHOBHbIe
ripOrHo3bI, KOTOpble
nocAy2KaT
cTpaTerHqecKoro
nAaHa. YnpaBAeHHe tpHHaHCaMH MomeT onpeAeA&srb CTpyKTypy H MexaHH3Mbi npogecca CTpaTerHqeCKOrO nAaHHpOBaHHH H o6ecneqHBaTb nOArOTOBKY nepCoHaAa, pa3pa6aTbiBaioiMero nAaHb1 no BceM noApa3AeAeHHRM y'pe2mAeHHH. OHO AOA2KHO
H,
HaKoHeg,
onpeAeAeHHe
saTpaT HAH HOBbIX nporpaMM npoAyKTa/pbIHKa.
CPHHaHCOBoe ynpaaAeHHe AOAMHO (pHHaHCOBbIX nepcneKTHB,
o6ecnefHTb
qpHHaHCoBoHi
pHCKa no BCeM BOCbMH BAeMeHTaM ()HHaHCOBOrO
MOAeAH
PHCKa.
120
KaK qpOpMaT TaK
H KOHKpeTHOe
a TaKme YCTaHOBHTb napaMeTpbi
YnpawAeHHe fPNHaHcaMN
Paspa6oTra Hpoffecca
AiINJTaAa f gpegoIoaraermbrx-aTpar
aslaANsa
Ki&oieBb!M 9ACMeHTOM aHaAH3a npeAnoAaraeMblx 3aTpaT KanHTaAa HBAReTcH onpeAeAeHHe npHeMAeMoro YPOBHH nPH6bIAbHOCTH no AaHHOMy npeAAo2KeHHIO 0 3aTpaTax.
MHHHMaAbHo
Heo6XoAHM
6 HOpMaTHB 'iTo bi o6ecne-HTb BO3MO2KHOCTb AAR
noCAeAOBaTeAbHbIU
OCHOBe. aTH npolgeAypbi HeO6xoAHMbl H
OCeHHTb pa3AHqHbie npeAAO?KeHHH Ha conoCTaBHMOH noToMy,
o6ecne'HTb
'To6bi
paH2KHpoBaHbI,
AOA2KHbi
6blTb
HHBeCTHpOBaHHe KanHTaAa B Te H3 HHX, KOTOpbie
HMeaOT
AAA 6aHKa HaH6OAbluyio nOTeHOHHO aKoHOMH'ecKHX o6
npeAAo2KeHHH
paH2HpOBaHaH.
MeTOAa
npoeKTbi
npeAAaraeMbie
CAeAoBaTeAbHO,
SaTpaT;
KanuTaAbHblX
HOBbIX
BO3MO2KHOCTb 4PHHaHCHpOBaHHR
orpaHHqeHHyIo
HMeIOT
H
ITO 6aHKOBCKHe y'peC2AeHI
pYKOBOACTBa
BbIrOA. TPH HaH6oAee paCnpOCTpaHeHHbIX 'IHCTan
oKynaeMOCTb,
BKAio'aioT:
HHBeCTHUHAX
Tey_galH CTOHMOCTb H BHyTpeHHHH cTaBKa AoxoAa. MeToa oxyraeMocTH
AAR noKpblTHS
Heo6xoAHMoe noAxOA
npeAnoAaraeT,
K PaHmHPOBaHHio
'TO
Ha'aAbHbIX
npOeeTOB,
6aHKa.
KanuiTaAa
HHBeCTHUH
npeAAaraeMbix
COCTaBAReT
OKynaeMOCTH
nepHoA
AAR
9
'IHCAO
AeT,
- ynpoJ1eHHblH
To
flOCKOAbKy B HeM He
HHBeCTHUgH,
HH BpeMeHHaH yqHTbIBaeTCH HH ABH2teHHe AeHCHKHbIX CpeACTB nOCAe nepmoAa OKynaeMOCTH, o6blqHbIX HAH CTOHMOCTb AeHe2KHbIX CpeACTB. OAHaKo, 8TO a"XIeKTHBHblfl nOAxOA npH OCeHKe npoeKToB, nXCH
nOBTOPSHOU
TaKHX
KaK
3AaHHi
nepeCTpOHKa
HUAH
napKa
o6HOBAeHHe
o6opyAoBaHIHI. TeKjygeH CToHMOCTH onpeAeAneT
Meo,4 YNcroN
TeKyIyiO
'HCTyIO
CTOHMOCTb
6yAyuHx
Ha'aAbHbie nOTOKOB AeHe2HbIX CpeACTB npH onpeAeAeHHoH CTOHMOCTH 6aHKoBcKoro KanHTaAa. TeKyujeH HHBeCTHllHH Bbi'HTa1OTCH H3 3TOU TeKyuMeH CTOHMOCTH AAn OnpeAeAeHHSI '1HCTOH ECAH 'IHCTaH TeKyugan CTOHMOCTb nOAomA TeAbHa,
npoeKTa.
CTOHMOCTH
npoeKT AOA2KeH 6blTb
BKAiO'ieH B CrIHCOK npHeMAeMbiX npOeCKTOB H Hao6OpOT. B
MeToAe KOMneHCHpyIOTCH
aTOM
KOHIeC[TyaAbHbie
HeAOCTaTKH
MeTOAa
OKynaeMOCTH,
HO
HaAe2KHOCTb aHaAH3a 3aBHCHT OT HaAeC2HOCTH OgeHKH 6yAynHx nOTOKOB AeHe2KHbIX CpeACTB, TO'IHO TaK 2me KaK H AAR MeTOAa BHyrpeHHeli CTaBKH AOXOAHOCTH. TeKyWUe MeToAa 'HCTOH MeTog BHyTpeeHHeH CTaBKNH 4OXoqHOcTH RBASeTCq BapHagHme CTOHMOCTb TeKYM)YlO CTOHMOCTH. OH BblqHcAHeT npogeHTHYIO cTaBKy, KoTOpaH npHpaBHHBaeT npeAnoAaraembix
3aTpaTaM CTaBKa
Ha
6
B
MaTeMaTHqeCKH.
flpOgeHTHaH
6blTb Bbliue HAH HH2me 6aHKoBcKOii HCnOAb3yeTc.I
CpeACTB no AaHHOMy npOeKTy K Ha'iaAbHbIM
MeTOAe YHCTOH TeKyigeH CTOHMOCTH yqeTHa.I CTaBKa HAH npOgeHTHaR CTOHMOCTH KaniHTaAa AA3i 6aHKa. B aTOM MeTOAe npO4eHTHaA CTaBKa
npoeKT.
paBHReTCH
OnpeAeASieTCH
yAyIuHx nOTOKOB AeHe2KHbIX
geAeBOH
HAH
CTaBKa,
CTOHMOCTH
MHHHMaAbHO
onpeAeAeHHaR
KanUTaAa.
npHeMAeMbiH
TaKHM
o6pa.3oM,
TaKHM o6pa3oM AoxoA,
MO2KeT
B BTOM MeTOAe
OnpeAeAReMbiH
cAy2K6ofi
(pHHaHcaMH, KOTOpbliH paBHReTCH MHHHMaAbHO-npHeMAeMOMy YPOBHIO AOXOAa OT AH6o co6oA npeACTaBAHeT YPOBeHb AoxoAa H4acTo MHHHMaAbHbIU npoeKTa.
ynpaBAeHHR AaHHOrO
6 cpaKTHqecKHH AH o 2meAaeMbif AoxoA Ha co6cTseHHbli KXanUTaA
Bce aTH MeTOAbl npeACTaBARIOT co60U OCHOBHOU
,eAbiO
npH
Bbi6ope
MeTOAa,
aHKa.
HaAemKHyio oUeHKy npH paHmHpOBHHH HcnOAb3yeMorO
B
CTpaTeruHecKoM
lnpOeKTOfa.
nAaHHpOBaHHH
Bbxpam2eHHe OmHAaeMOH BbIrOAbl H 3aTpaT no npeAAaraemomy AA npoeKTy, o6ecne-ieHre nOCAeAOBaTeAbHOro alHaAHa Dcex npeAcTaBAeHHIlX
RBAReTCR KOAH'eCTBeHHoe HHBeCTHPOBWHH.
6
121
Yx peoMefJe
pYWoBo.4CTBa H HooBmlre
e qywcTBBTeAbAhHocTHr A HepeMeHm
npOeKTOB, paH2mHPOBaHHe H OlleHKa npOeKTOB TaKHM o6pa3oM, qTo 6 bI MOMHO 6 blAO npHHRTb 3ApaBoe pemieHne npH Bbi6ope rOHKpeTHOrO npocKTa H BKAIOqeHHH ero B CTpaTerHqeCKHH inAaH.
OzrperxeAeHHe HOpmaTrHRB
H
COOTBerCTRB,OIJJHX xapaxrepHcro
OHHamcHCOBhrX IpOC-VTOB 1HpH OnpeAeAeHHH MHHHMH3HPOBaTb
6yAeT
HOpMaTHBOB
HCnOAb3OBaTb
Taiate
B
AAR
npogecce
nOCAeAOBaTeAbHbIMH orqeTax
nAaHOBbJMH
OTCAe2KHBaHHS
jeAeBoro
cAeAaB
ynOp
Ha TaKHX
noKa3aTeAeiH
yrpaBAeHHR.
(JHHaHCOBOe ynpaBAeHHe AOA2KHO
06uefi
3aAaqeH
KpoMe
PYKOBOACTBa
H3MepMTb
noKa3aTeAAMH.
TaKaHI
AOA2KHO
Toro,
CTaTb
AeHCTBHTeAbHbie BOS3MO2KHOCTb
AaHHbIX,
B 6aHKOBCKHX
MO2KHO
roAoBb1x 6ioA2meTax AOA2KHbl
a
6bITb
ripOXOAhiujHM emeMecmHno B
o6ecneieHHe
Pe3yAbTaTbi
OMeHb
KoTopble
HOpMaTHBbl
no OTHOLueHHIO K OCHOBHbIM MeponpHaTHRM,
pyKoBoACTBa.
qpHHaHCOBorO
CpHHaHCOBbIX noKa3aTeAeH
cTeneHb AeTaAH3agHH,
BOSMo2KHOCTH
H
conoCTaBAHTb
cyUgeCTBeHHa
AA
HX
C
noAAep4mKH
AAR
peaAH3aMHH cTpaTerHqecKoro nAaaHa.
HoCTpoern'e (D)HHaHCOBaH (oKHAaeMbIx)
jobHaHfaCOROH Mo4'eAH
MOAeAb
nepBOHaaaAbHO
HCnIOAb3yeTCH
noKa3aTcAeH
(pHHaHCoBblx
HCXOAH
H3
AA
OrpeAeAeHHM
CUeHapHH
r1AaHHPYeMbIX
o6bl-Horo
BeAeHHH
AeA
(6a.oBoro cUeHapHR).
ogeHMa, KOTOpaA CAY2HT TOqKOH OTcqeTa npH CpaBHeHHH CHMyAAgHH pa3AHmHbiX
Ba30Baa
onepagHOHHbIX
cTpaTerHH,
pa3BHBaeMb[X
B
COOTBeTCTBHH
nepHOA 3-5 Ha
6
AeT. HanpHMep, eCAH 6a30Baa ogeHKa riOpgeHTOB B roA B Te'ieHHe nOCAeAy4oRHx
npoeKTa
CAeAyeT
TOAbKO
rAaHOM,
AOAmHa
'IHCTbIH AOxoA 6yAeT paCTH
HMTH AeT, TorAa npH peMCHHH O
CTpaTerHH,
peaAH3agHR
KOTOpblX
Bbi6ope
o6eigaeT
pOCT,
nlpoUeHTOB. (D)HHaHCOBbIe MOAeAH Ha KOMnTbiOTepHOH OCHOBe BapbHpy1OTCR OT BAeKTpoHHbIX Ta6AHg, HcnOA.b3yeMbIX Ha nepcOHaAbHOM KoMnbiloTepe,
A0
apXHCA02IHbIX
KpynHbIX KOMnblOTepHbIX
CHCTeM
C
KpyTHOH
MaJIIHHOfi.
TaKHe MOAeAH MO2mHo
npHo6pecTH y TOproBgeB nporpaMMHO
fnpoAyKqHeH,
B KpynHblX (HHaHCOBbIX
HX TaK2Ke MO2mHO pa3pa6oTaTb y
HCnOAb3ySI
HMelOigHeCR
XapaKTepHCTHK B yCTaHOBKe BO3MO2KHOCTb
y'pe2KAeHHHX, peCypCbl.
H B aKcnAyaTaUHH, cMeHbl
a TaXme
HCXOAHbIX
ycAoBHH,
neperpy3KH B 6oAblnylo
OHH AoA2KHbi
6
6aAaHcoBble,
yqHTbiBaTb
ce6R
o AoxoAax,
qpHHaHCOBOH MOAeAH. OHH AOA2IHbi rH6KHMH OHH
B q)OpMaTe TaXme
oTieTOB.
AOA2Hbl
AaHHbIX,
'TO
H
o6AermHAo
qyHXqHA CAO?KHOH opraHH3agHH, H
T.A.)
HaKOHeU, 6
bl
blTb AerKHMH
npocToToH
H
60AbllOii MaalHHbl. oT%ieToB,
BKAIO%IaR
o6 ynpaBAeHHH aKTHBaMH H o6M3aTeAbcTBaMH, OHH AOA2KHbi
BO3MOmHOCTb
HanpHMep,
AIO'ieBbIX
6
OHH AOA2KHbl HMeTb
oTAH'aTcCM
MaIUHHY HAH nepeAaqH AaHHblX H3
cao6o&geH
B y'pemAeHHH,
HCCKOAbKO
bITb B COCTOHHHH BbIAaBaTb nOAHblH Ha6op 6yxraATepcKHx
OT'eTbI
CBOAHbie (pHHaHCOBbie OTreTbl.
AeRTeAbHOCTH,
cnegHaAbHbIX KOHCaATHHrOBbiX q3HpM HAH
Heo6XO4HMO
npH onpe4eAeHHH (BM6ope)
HaAe2KHOCTbiO
B 6a3y
OXBaTbIBaTb
6
npeBbImualogHJH npOCTbIX
PaCCMaTPHBaTb
C
yKa3bIBaeT, 'TO
6
blTb B COCTORHHH BBOAHTb AaHHbie
oT'eTHOCTH
C
TOqKH
SPeHHH
BeCb 6aHK, BHAbl yCAyr (npOAyxUHq,
[lpHMep MoAeAH npOrHO3HpOBaHHH
rAaBbi O riAaHHpOBaHHH.
122
npHBOAHTcS1
B
MHo2KeCTBa
HanpaBAeHHH lpHAomeHHH
A
YnpaWAeAye IJEHaHCaME
On'pe4eAeHHe IzapaMeTpoB o 6 ujero pocH a OnpeAeAeHHe napameTpoB pHcKa no BOCbMH BAeMeHTaM qpHHaHCOBoro pHCKa, oCHoBaHHOe Ha TeKyUJeH nOAHTHKe qHHaHCOBorO ynpaBAeHHR opraHsHagHH nO3BOAReT onepaTHBHbiM eAHHHUaM
napaMeTpbl
OCHOBHbie
TH
CcyA,
paBHblI
0.5
cyMMy
o6quyio
Y4ep2KaTb
KaqeCTBy
no
(orpaHHneHHe
npogeHTa
ccyA
npeAOCTaBAHeMbiX
aKTHBOB)
B
BbI4aHHb!X
cyMMe
Heo6xOAHMOCTb
UAH
CYMMbl
BOCbMHKpaTHOH
npeAeAax
B
HAH
MaKcHMaAbHblH
- aTO
cpeAHelf
o iMeA
K
OTHOUieHHIO
no
CCyA
6
HUXHeirHTOB
Koa
no CCYAHbIM onepailH.M
HanpHMep,
cnHcaHHH
MHCToro
qpopMe
B
BbipamalmoTcH
o6bPtHO
a6coAloTHblx AeHem2HbIX cyMMax. KOBq4HpHeHT
npo¢HAR
AA AaHHoro 6aHKa.
npHeMAeMoro pHcKa 3
npeAeAbl
3a
BbIXOAHT
OHH
KorAa
onpeAeARTb,
noApa3AeAeHHRM)
(CTpyKTypHbIM
co6cTBeHHoro KanHTaAa (orpaHHneHHe no AOCTaToMHOCTH KanHTaAa).
AaHHOrO
nAaHa.
CTOpOH,
cAa6bix
noApa3AeAeHHH
KamAoro
nAaHa H npH
cTpaTerH'ecKoro
ero OTBeTCTBCHHOCTb BXO4HT: nAaHoB, BKAIo'IaR OUCHKY CHAbHblX CTOpOH,
HAH3a
npeABaPTeAbHOrO
BbIlnOAHeHHe
*
B
aHaAR3
oqepeAb 'epe3
qHHaHCOBoro ype2KAeHHH B nepByio nepecMoTpe
B pa6oTe
npHHHMaTb yqaCTHe
C HHaHCoBoe ynpaBAeHHe AOA2KHo
napameTpam
cooTBeTcTBHe
H
npHemAemoro pHcKa
BO3MOmKHOCTb
o6uleii AOCTH2KHMOCTH nOCTaBAeHHbIX 3aAaq; BbICTynaS
YqaCTHe B nepecMoTpaX nAaHOB COBMeCTHO C PYKOBOACTBOM y'ipe2mAeHHS,
*
KaK aAbTep-aro OpraHH3aUHH;
o6oq4eHHe peKoMeHAagHi, cAeAaHHbIX B xoAe TaKoro aHaAH3a H nepecmoTpa nAaHOB
*
pa3pa6oTKH
nyTeM
riAaHHpOBaHHS
MO4eAH
OKOHqaTeAbHOrO
onpeAeAeHHHR
AA41
nporHo3a C TOfKH 3SpHHH npoMecca CTpaTerHMecKoro nAaHHPoBaHus.
(PHHaHCOBOro
nAAHHPOBAHHE KAnHTAAA
yqacTHe
6aHK.
KOTopblH
6yAeT
B
nAaH onpeAeAReT HanpaBAeHHe AeHTeAbHOCTH,
CTpaTerwfeCKHHi
xapaKTepHaoBaTb
B KanUTaAe.
opraHH3agHH
noTpe6HocTb
nIpHHHMaTb
pHcKa,
OnpeAeAHIoT CTeneHb
B CBOIO o'iepeAb,
TaKoli Ae;rreAbHocTH,
THnbl
KOTOpOU 6yAeT
IAaH
6aHKa no
KanHrraAy AOAmeH paspa6aTblBaTbcR Ha OCHOBaHHH ero CTpaTerHqecKoro nAaHa a He Hao6opOT, XOTH,
KaK ymKe
OTMeMaAOCb
Bble,
KanHTaAa
orpaHHeCHHR B o6AacTH AoCTaToMHocTH
orpaHHqHTb HAH 3Ha4HTeAbHo noBAHRTb Ha xapaKTep oKOHqaTeAbHoH
MoryT
CTPaTerHH, oTpa2KeHHOH
B cTpaTerHiecKoM flAaHe. HopMaTHBbl B3aHMoAeHCTBHHSI peryAHpoBaHHe, KanUraAy y6blTKOB,
no
KaniHTaAy
ABYX
AAA (PHHaHCOBbIX
nOTCHUHaAbHYlO
(pHHaHCOBbIX CHA.
npOTHBoAeiCTBYIOIUHX
npeACTaBHTeAH
KOTOpbIe
AAA
KOTOporo
yqpe2KAeHHH.
Mo2KeT
nOHeCTH
nbiTaioTcH
KanHTaA AaHHoe
6 HeO XOAHMOCTb peryAHpyIouijero
yqpe?KAeHHH HepBoH
HHX
1
CMEr aiOJgHM
BMeuiaTeAbCTBa.
HOPMaTHBbl
6ytepoM
yqpemAeHHe,
pHHaHCOBOe
c'ITaTb
cAeAyeT
BbIcoKNe
yCTaHOBHTb
CAy2KHT
peyAbTaToM
HBAHIOTCHi
H3
BblCOKHii ypOBeHb
no
npOTHB
coKpaiga. KanHTaAa
yBeAHqHBaeT CTeneHb yBCpeHHOCTH BKAaAIHKOB H CHH2KaeT PHCK AHKBHAHOCTH. ApyroA CHAOi YpOBHR HaHMeHbmerO B COXpaHCHHH 3aHHTepecoBaHbi KOTOpbIe aK]gHOHepbi, RBAHYIOTCH KanHTaAa,
Heo6xOAHMoro
AAA
yAOBAeTBOpHTeAbHOH
o6ecneqeHHR
HHBeCTHUH!i H He co3Aaiou9ero HeHYMHoro pHcKa.
123
llpH6blAbHOCTH
CBOHX
YArpeILAeIeae pyEOBOtgCTa
IOfOUmeNWNCe N
VYBCMANTCAbHOCrHE rCepeMeraM
HopMaTHsbI
KanHTaAa
(JHHaHcOBbIX
no
o6bemy
YCTaHaBAHBaAHCb B 3aKoHOAaTeAbHOM oqeHb
cAa6bre
OAHaKo,
nonIbITKH
BTOT
mHTepHaUHoHaAH3HpoBaHHOMY HaCTynHAH
memAyHapoAHoro
KOOPAHHHPoBaHH5I
H30A¶AHOHHCTCKHH
npoMeccy
BCepbe3
6aHKoBcKoro
H
noAxoA
peryAHpoBaHHH.
HaAOAro,
CTaHAapTa
6bIAO
o6xbeMoB
KanHTaAa,
CorAamueHHe
OnpeAIAHAO MHHHMaAbHbXH ypOBeHb KanHTaAa,
6aHKoBcKoMy
COrAaiuIeHHf
6
AOA2KHa
KOHKpeTHoH CTpaHe
peryAHPOsaHHIO
6aHKOB
Fo
H
Me2mAY CTpaHaMH.
blTb
3aBepiueHa
K KOHUY
1992 roAa.
co6AIOAeHHH
ToproBAH H
6blA yCTynHTb
meTKHM
1988
B
opraHaMH
(Ba3eAbcKoe
roAy
BaMeAbCKHM
Ha KpeAHTHblH
peryAHpoBaHHsi
no KaIIHTaAy C 110J7PaDKHO
MHHHMaAbHOrO
OTHOIuIeHHM
1992 roAa
B
aToro KamAOH
Ha p CI
AOA2KHbl
cTepmKHesorO
qTo OCHOB
CorAalaxeHHe):
OpHeHTHpOBaHHblH
6aHKoBcKoro
6oAee
CHrHaAOM,
paMpa6oTaHHbiX
KOHTpOA1O
B&aeAbcKoMy corAaLUeHHIo Bce 6aHKH K KOHUY
o
HcTopH'ecKH
12 gKoHoMHqeCKH pa3BHTbIX CTpaHax. PeaAH3agMH
B
OnpereAegrne Ko.900JgNeHTOe
Tpe6oBaHHe
BbiHy2KAeH
fIOAnHcaHHe
no
KOMMep'ieCKHX
nOAo2KeHH$I
CaMbiM
KoMHTeToM
pHCK AAR
yqpe2KAeHHH
B KamAOH CTpaHe, npH aToM AeAaAHCb AHUb
Bce 6oAee BospaCTaioHgHx o6'beMoB Me2KHaMHOHaAbHOH
A4cTeAbHOCTH
H3MeHeHHf
rlOPRAKe
BblpaBHHBaHHff HAH
noA AaBAeHHeM
(HHaHCOBOH
AAR
6yAyT
KanHTaAa
BbilOAI*Tb
K aKTHBaM,
Ha
KOTOpbI
pacnpocTpaHneTCH PHCK. TaKOii MHHHMaAbHOH BeAHqHHOH HBAmeTCM 4 npoMeHTa. KaK COCTaBHaff 'iaCTb MToro Koa04NPHHeHTa pa3pa6oTaH K03op<pHUHeHT OTHOlUeHHM KXanHTaAa B qpopMe o6blsHblx aKUHMi K aKTHBaM, B3BellUeHHblM no pHCKY, H BTO OTHOlUeHHe sbipamaeTcff TOH UHppofi npogeHTa npH MHHHMaAbHOM OTHOiIeHHH Bcero KanHTaAa K aKTHBaM, nOABepralOU4HMCH pHCKy, paBHOM 8 npogeHTam.
4
2me
CTepmHeBoii KariHTaA
B
KanHTaA,
o6blqHblx
HAH KlanHTaA
aKUHMX
o6bPlHblx aKUHH Ma BbliQeToM
roAa
He
Tpe6oBaAocb
nAIOC
yqaCTHe
ryABHA"
BbIqHTTb
nepBoro
YPOBHM
B
KOHCOAHAHpOBaHHb1X
H HeOAHO3HaqHbIX
rYABHA
npeAcTasBAReT
co6oft
co6cTBeHNblii
(pHAHaAaX
B
MH o6ueH
CyMMbl
(pOpMe
Ao 1992
HeMaTepHaAbHblX aKTHBoB.
co6cmeHHblx
cpeAcTB.
COBoKynHblii KanHTaA COCTOHT HM CTepmHeBoro KanHTaAa JIAJOC AonoAHHTeAbHoro KanHTaAa. AonOAHwTeAbHblIH
KanrTaA, HAH KanHTaA BToporo YPOBHNf npeAcTaBAMeT co6ofi CyMMy (1) CpeACTB Ha nlOKpblTHe y6bITKOB OT CCYA H apeHAbi (orpaHHqeHHoe o6beMoM 1,25 npoueHTa noABepraCOlIHXCA PHCKy aKTHBOB B 1992 roAy) H (2) nIOCTOMHHbie HAH AOAroCpO'Hbie
nH8HHerKpoBaHHbie aKIH, (3) KoHBepTHpyeMbie CpeAHecpoMHbie
geHHbie
rH6pHAHbie
6yMarH,
npHBHAerHPOBaHHbie
(4) aKUHH.
HHCTpyMeHTbi,
a TaKme B o6asaaTeAbHoM
nlOAqHHeHHblH
(BTOpOCTen1eHHblHi
rpH
KanHTaAa,
noAc'eTe
nopmKe
AOAr)
B3BewI1eHHorO
H
(5)
no pHCKy,
Heo6XOAHMO YMHOKMHTb CyMMy aKTHBOB Ha npOgeHTHbie Beca. AKTHBbI, B3BeLueHHbiC no PHCKY, MBAMiOTCi 3HaMeHaTeARMH B KOBapHgHeHTaX cTep2mHeBoro H COBOKyYJHOrO KanIHTaAa. Ta6AHUa 4.1 HAA0ocTpHpyeT HCnOAb3OBaHHe BecoB.
BaweAbcKoe CorAameHH$i C'2KHO AAH 6aHKoB pa3BHBaioigHxcM cTpaH, nIOTOMy 'ITO MHOrHe HM HHX npeTepneBaioT nepHOA H3MeHeHHHs, KOTOpblH BbIBoArT HX Ha MHpOBOH qlHHaHcoBbiH pblHOK.
B pesyAbTaTe
6aHKH,
BepoRTHo,
6yAyT
HcnblTbIBaTb
yBeAHqHBalOU4eecR
AaBAeHHe,
CMbICAOM
KoToporo 6yAeT pa3pa6oTKa eAHHbIX CTaHAapTOB AAM B03HHKaIOugerO MHpOBOrO KanMTaAa.
124
YmpamiemNe oIJNamCaNr|
Ta6AHia 4.1 HoAcqeT Becon pHcxa HOMHHaAbHaR
KaTeropHR
BeAHHHHa
CTOHMOCTb
PHCKa
B3Bew1eHHoro
(AoAAapbl)
(nnpo;eHTmi)
PHCKa (AOJuAapbl)
6aHKax
HalHOHaAbHbiX
20
10
200
10
20
300
50
150
350
100
350
50
B
BaAaHCbl
_
AOArOCPOMHbie rOCYAapCTBeHHble 6ymarH
teHHbie
CcyAbi noA saKAaAHbie Ha 2KHAb1e AoMa
'aCTHbiM
KpeAHThi
I
KOpnOpauHSRM
I
900
BCErO:
YCTaHOBAeHHbIX
cTaHAapTOB,
nOTOMy
wTO
530
_
_
wTO
eige 6oAbuwaH BePORTHOCTb Toro,
Cyt-ecTByeT
aTHX
I
_I
OT 6aHKOB
no
6yAyT
6aHKOBcKHii
npHpoAe
cBoeH
HapyMteHHR
O2KHAaTb
6u3Hec
I OBbiwIeHHOrO UHHaHCOBOrO pHCKa.
CTpeMHTCSI K C03AaHH10 cUTyaUUH
C AeperyAHPOBaHHOi 6aHIKoBcKoii AaBAeHHe, C KOTOpbIM CTaKHBBaioTc.I 6aHKH B CTpaHaX He npOCTO COOTBeTCTBOBaTb MHHHMYMaM CHCTeMOi, BbIHy2KAaeT (PHHaHCOBbie y'pe2KAeHHH
CIJHHaHCOBOe
KanUHTaAa.
AOCTaTO4HOCTH
KEanHTaAa
nooMpeHHH
HaKor1AeHHR
OTCY3TCTBHH
peryAHpOBaHHH KanHTaAOM,
y'pe2KAeHnH
C
6aAaHCOBbIX
OT'eTOB,
nepHoA
H
aKTHBHYO
Bbl2rHBaIOT
TIOKaA,
CTpaH
no
paCXOAOB B
'TO
HaHaAa
ynpaBAeHHCM
H
B
M3Ha'TeAbHOi
npoDecca
CHaTHT
HecoBepCeHCTBOM
CTeneHH
BbISBaH
B
KanUHTa.oM
HeAOCTaTO'HbIM
peryAHpOBaHHR, peryAHpOBaHHa.
a
TaRKme
B 1978
CBOHX
B
B
H CCyAHOH OTpaCAH
MOwIeHHH'CCTBOM,
roAy,
TOAbKO
AeperyAHpOBaHHH.
yCAoBuHx
y pe2KAeHHi HITaTax, HanpHMep, KpH3HC Kpe4HTHO-C6eperaTeAbHblX
6bIA
pOAb
nepecTpoHKe
1
CoeAHHeHHbix HHAYCTPHH
Bbl2KHTb
pa3BHTbIX
OnbiT
AAR nOKpbITHR
AOCTaTO'Hb!M
3aHHMaTb
CTeneHH HaAemHOCTH 6aHKa B YCAOBHRX
AAR nOBbItteHUH
AeSrreAbHOCTH.
MOryT
AOA2KHO
ynpaBAeHHe
KorAa
B
B
nAOXHM
CoeARHHHHbIX
OTHOwCeHHe co6cTBeHHbix CpeACTB LUTaTaX Ha iaAOCb AeperyAHPOBaHHe qpHHaHCOBOi CHCTeMbi, 9 TOT npoMeHTa. 6blAo nIpH6AH-HTeAbHO K aKTHBaM B HHAYCTPHH c6eperaTeAbHblx 6aHKoB C pCrYAHpyeMb1MH HOpMaMH 6aHKoBcKoui YPOBeHb KEanHTaAa Ka3aACH AOCTaTOHbIM B CpeAe 6aHKoB c6eperaTeAbHbix aKTHBOB 6oAbtlUHHCTBo noAaHARiolgee nOCKOAbKy npaKTHKH, cBm3aHHbie C &aiAa4HbxMH, a co6oHu 3aKAaAHbIe Ha mHAbe, geHHbie 6yMarH, nPcAcTasBAHA t
3
TaK2Kce
eHHble
6yMarH
Ka3HaqeiCCTBa
CLIA
HAH
npaBHTeAbCTBeHHbiX
areHTCTB.
B
cBoto
HaHMeHb!11HM YpOBHeM KpeAHTHorO o4epeAb BbiCOKOe Ka'eCTBO BTHX aKTHBOB COnPOBO2KAaAOCb co6CTBeHHOCTH nIpHAaBaAa AOnOAHHTeAbHYtO pHcrca, a 3aTeM HH¢AIUHM B o6AaCTH HeABH2rHMOH 3TH aKTHBbi HHaHCHpOBaAHCb BKAaAaMH HaAe2KHOCTb KaqeCTBy alKTHBOB AaHHOH HHAYCTPHH.
125
Y,ipenrAcrne pylcoao,cTaa
N
i7oamurearoe vjyBeCTTAhNocCjTr a mepemenaa
IAHeHTOB, npoleHTHbJC CTaBKH no KOTOpiM 6blAH orpaHHweHbl flOAO2KeHHeM pesepBHOH
CHCTeMbi
H
HaKOHeg,
peHTa6eAbHOCTb
npOMblIUAeHHOCTH
Q
6bIAa
peHTa6eAbHOCTblO HHAYCTPHH KOMMep'eICKHX 6aHKoB.
CDeAepaAbHof
COnOCTaBHMa
C
BaAaHCOBbie OTqeTbl B HHAyCTpHH c6epemeHHfi HaceAeHHH He COAepa2KT BbicoKoro ypOBHM pHCKa no npOUeHTHOH CTaBKe: AOArOCpOqHble aKTHBbl C qpHKCHpoBaHHOH npoMeHTHOH CTaBKoi (PHHaHCHpyjOTCS KIpaTKOCpOqHbIMH o6H3aTeAbcTBaMH C qUHKCHpOBaHHbIM npoUeHTOM; OAHaK0, peryAHpOBaHHe npoMleHTHOH CTaBKH nO Aeno3HTaM HBAHAOCb 3algHTOH HHTepecOB HHAYCTpHH
c6eperaTeAbHblx 6aHKoB AA.I HaceAeHHS OT H3AHIUHero pHCKa. 1H noia cyugeCTBOBaAa aTa 3a0iHTa YPOBeHb AOCTaTO'HOCTH K0anHTaAa B AaHHOH HHAYCTpHH 6biA yAOBAeTBOpHTeAbHbIM, nOTOMy qTo o6tbeM KpeAHTHOrO PHCKa 6blA MHHHMaAbHbIM.
KorAa nO
B pe3yAbTaTe AeperyAHPOBaHHM
BKAaAaM,
HeOHKAaHHO
AAR
BbICOICHM PHCKOM npOUeHTHOH pCrYAHPY1OIAHMH
OpraHaMH,
ce6a
6
OTMeHeHO IlOAOmeHHe
bIAO
CaMOH
aTa
CTaBKH, pHCKOM,
TaK H
HHAYCTPHS
CTOAKHyAaCb
KOTOpblH 4OArOe
CaMoH HH4yCTpHeH.
ro
C
PHCK
Heo6biqaHHo
BpeMR HeAOOleHHBaACH
1lpOUeHTHb1e
B03POCAH, a npogeHT no aKTHBaM ocTaAcH qHKcHpoBaHHbIM. Aeno3HTaM BOSPOC AO He6blBaAoro B HCTOPHH ypOBHM, TOqHO
Q, 3aUHU.aBlUee CTaBKH
Mepe Toro,
nO
Ka(K
AenOSHTaM
xacK npoUeHT
no
TaK1
me 6blcTpo ynaAa CTOHMOCTb a1THBOB. B)aAaHCOBbie OT'eTbl aTOHl HHAYCTPHH He MOrAH 6blTb 8qxpeKTHBHO nepecTpoeHbi 6e3 npoAa2KH c cepbe3HbIMH y6blTKaMH CTapblX aKTHBOB, HMeBIIIHX (pHK(CHPOBaHHblH npogeHT, HO aTH y6blTKH 3Ha'IHTeAbHO yMeHbLllHAH 6bl 6a3y KanHTaAa B AaHHOH HHAYCTPHH. HHAYCTpUH c6eperaTeAbHblx 6aHKoB 4AA HaceAeHHM He o2KHAaAa Heo6xoAHMOCTH B AOOAHHTeAbHOM yBeAHqeHHH KanHTaAa, 1(orAa HanaAcH npogecc AeperyAHpOBaHHH.
ByAb KCanHTaA HHAYCTPHH AOCTaTOqHbIM, qTo6bl nOrAOTHTb CTOHMOCTb nepeCTpOiiKH 6e3 3HaqHTeAbHOrO CHH2KCHHM ypOBHM, HaM He npHIIIAOCb 6bl Ha6AioAaTb KpH3HC c6eperaTeAbHOA cHcTeMbi B HaqaAe 1980-x roAoB, He noCAeAoBaAo 6bl H Hepas6epHxH, HaCTynHBiuefi B STOH OTPaCAH B KOHUe npoiuAoro AecRTHAeTHR. HanpHMep, eCAH 6 bl B nepHOA C 1978 no 1981 roA 6 HHAyCTPHM cyMeAa bl nOAHRTb XO8q4HUHeHT OTHOIeHHR KanlHTaAa K aKTHBaM C 3 AO 6 H eCAH 6bl CTOHMOCTb nepeCTPYKTYPHpoB0HHR 6aAaHcoBoro oT'eTa B AaHHoH HHAyCTPHH cocTaBAHAa 6 bl 3 npogeHTa aKTHBOB (npH6AH3HTeAbHaR o6beM nOHeCeHHblX y6blTKOB B nepHoA
npogeHToB
c
1981 no 1983 rOAbl), TO aTH y6blTKH MOmHO
KanHTaAa pe3yAbTaT
HHAyCTpHH A4 mor
YPOBHR
6bl nO3BOAHTb
6oAee
HH3KOro,
HHAyCTpHH
6blAo
6bl
nepeHecTH
'leM A4 HaqaAa
COXpaHHTb
6e3 yMeHb1lleHHM
AeperyAHpoBaHHR.
TaKoz
CHAbHOe nOAo2KeHHe
AAA ycneiuHoro ynpaBAeHHR peHTa6eAbHoCTblo H npH6blAbHoCTbJO B TeCeHHe oCTaAbHoH 'aCTH AecRTHAeTHs. PoAhb q Kax BHAHO ycneluHOii
sHRaHcooro ynpa&iemim
H13
npeAbiAyugero npHMepa,
AeATeAbHOCTH (HHaHCOBOrO
nAaHHPOBaHHe
yqpe2KAeHHH.
xanHTaAa cy3geCTBeHHO Ba2KHO 4AA
(DHHaHCOBble
ynpaBAeHHe OTBeTCTBeHHO
3a:
* * *
oripeAeAeHHe UeAeBOrO YPOBHM KanHTaAa B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT CTpaTerH%ieCXOrO nAaHa; MOHHTOPHHr Tpe6oBaHHfi no ypOBHIO 1anHTaAa; ConocTaBAeHHe npeAnoAaraemoro ypoBHH KanHTaAa ypOBHeM, pa3peLleHHblM peryAHpoBaHHeM;
126
c
LAaHHPYeMb1M
YPOBHeM H C
YupaiLeHrne VpHNamcamm
B
*
pa3pa6oTKy nAaHOB Mo6HAHsagjHH Heo6XoAHMoro KanHTaAa;
*
HCnOAHeHHe npHHRTbiX nAaHOB no (pHHaHcHpoBaHHIO.
xoAe
6yAyUIHHi
AoxoAa
npoUecca
nAaHHPOBaHHR
o6u4HX
ypoBeHb
H AHBHAeHAOB.
CpeAHHMH TeMnaMH,
aKTHBOB,
KanHTaAa
CpHHaHCOBOe
nOABepra1olJHXCR
aKTHBOB,
pHCKy,
ogeHHTb
AOAMHO
ynpaBAeHHe
KanHTaAa,
qHCTOrO
paCTeT B paMKaX Me2KAy MeAAeHHbIMH H KanIHTaAa, TaKHe KaK HeBbilAalieHHb!e AOXOAbI
06blqHO, eCAH yqpe2KAeHHe
TO BHyTpeHHHe HCTOqHHKH
Mo2KeT o6ecneqHTb COOTBeTCTByIOUIHHi o6beM OT onepaZHH HAH npoAa2Ka aKTHBOB C npH6bIAbIO KanHTaAa. ECAH, OAHaKo, yMpem2AeHHe HOBorO KarnHTaAa, qTo6bi coxpaHHTb AOCTaToIHOCTb yBeAHqeHHe o6bema KanHTaAa B HageAeHO Ha 6bICTpblHi pOCT, HAH eMy npeACTOHT Heo2mHAaHHoe nOTpe6yioTCA BHCLIIHHe HCTOqHHKH KanHTaAa, COOTBCTCTBHH C peryAHpOBaHHeM, TorAa BePORTHO HHAHBHAyaAbHbIe HHBeCTOpbl TaKHe KaK HHCTHTYUHOHaAbHbie HHBeCTOpbl, HHOCTpaHHb1e 6aHKH, HlOCKOAbKy Bo3pacTaeT 3aBHCHMOCTb OT qTo6bl BblHTH Ha Heo6xOAHMb!H YPOBeHb KanHTaAa. q)HHaHCOBOrO ynpaEBAeHHH AOA2mHa CTaTb BHeUIHHX HCTOqHHKOB KanHTaAa, OAHOH HS qyHKgHH BKAioqaiOigieH HAeHTH¢HKaUHio pa3pa6oTKa 9cIXeKTHBHOH nporpaMMbi y9penAeHHe-HHBeCTOp, aK;HH, o6ecrieqeHHe qpHHaHCOBOH KAMOqeBb1X HHBeCTOpOB, MOHHTOpHHr npOAa2KH-noKynKH pe3yAbTaToB Ae3TeAbHOCTH aHaAHTHKy Ho geHHb1M HHqOpMaUHH AAR aKgHOHepOB, o6,bscHeHHe TaK2me 3aBHCHT OT TOrO, HaCKOAbKO IOCTORHHbliH AOCTYn K BHeUIHeMy KanHTaAy 6yMaramr. (PHHaHCOBYIO CTpyKTypy, KaqeCTBO KpeAHTHOrO yqpemAeHHIo yAacTca COXpaHHTb 3AOPOBYIO B AOXOA. H HaAe2KHblH HCTOqHHK nocTynAeHHH cpeACTB noPT.
YnIPABAEHHE AKTHBAMH H OSH3ATEAbCTBAMH coAep2KaHHe 6aAaHcoBoro oTqeTa B YnpaBAeHHe aKTHBaMH H o6RzaTeAbcTnaMH onpeAeAReT ynpaBAeHHe HeO6xOAHMO AAR paMKax rOCAeAOBaTeAbHbIX UHKAOB npOUeHToHo CTaBKH. TaKoe xTo6bm Map?y no npoMeHTHOH cTaBKe, Toro, qTo6bi o6ecne'HTb CTa6HAbHyIO -IHCTy10 AHKBHAHOCTb H KOHTpOAHpOBaTb YPOBeHb OnTHMH3HPOBaTb AOXOAbl, o6ecneMHBaTb Tpe6yeMylo ACHCTBHR AOArOBbIx HHCTpyMeHTOB. PHCKa no npoMeHTHOH CTaBKe H no AAHTeAbHOCTH Cyrb ynpaBAeHH1 ynpaBARTb
aFKTHBaMH
lyCTBHTeAbHOCTblO
H o6R3aTeAbCTBaMH 6aHKOBCKHX
AOXOAOB
(A/O) H
aKgHH
3aKAioqaeTCR B BO3MO2mHOCTH K
H3MeHeHHHM
npOg,eHTHOH
CTpyKTYPHaR npo6AeMa, HaXOIARJJCCR BHe CTaBKH Ha pbIHKe. PHCK rIpOgeHTHOH CTaBKH - BTO yqpe2KAeHH9, KOTOpblH BO3HHKaeT noA 3OHbl KOHTPOAH Alo6oro OTAeAbHOrO IpHHaHCOBoro nOABH2iKHyiO npoOgeHTHyio Pb1HOMHYIO BKAIOqaiOII4HX MHO2meCTBa EpaKTOpOB, BO3AeHCTBHeM CTaBKY H CPOPMy KpHBOU AOXOAHOCTH. YnpaBAeHHe
aKTHBaMH H o6sv3aTeAbcTBaMH
TaKme AOAMHO npHHHMaTb
BO BHHMaHHe:
(I)
KOHKypeHTOB TaK KaK BCAeACTBHe HeperyAHpyeMOCTH cpeAbi AeiCTBHR Ha pHCK no n1pO%eHTHOU CTaBKe; (2) no yCTaHOBAeHHlO geHbl MOryT 3HaqHTeAbHO rIOBAHSTb CpeACTB, co3AaBaeMbix aKTHBaMH H BpeMeHHaH opraHH3aURR ABH2HCHHR nOTOKa AeHeC2Hb1X qpHHaAbHblfi no BpeMeHH; H o6RSaTeAbCTBaMH, KOTOpble He MoryT 6blTb TOqHO COBMelgeHb! KAHeHTa, KOTOpb1e Tpe6ylOT cTpaTerH'IecKoro pHCK, YCAOBHR KOHTpaKTOB H rlOBeAeHHe aKTHBOB H o6R3aTeAbcTB MoryT 6blTb npOAYMbIBaHHR H KOHTpOAR nOAHTHKH: CTpyKTypb1 AOAra, 6oAee paHHeM H3THTHH HSMeHeHbI peumeHmem KAHeHTa O AOCpO%IHOM noralueHHH cBoero AeAa B yqpeCAeHHe KOHKypeHTa. Ha pa3BHBaIOUIHXCR AenO3HTOB HAH nepeBoAoM oco6eHHo MHaqHTeAbHbIM H3-3a MaAoH pbIHKax, pHCK H3MeHeHHH yCAOBHH MomeT oKa3aTbcS
geHoBble orpaHHMeHHS,
(3)
127
YJxpe,iAeHe
rAy6HHbl
p.yO0AoCmfa HNIOrbmareNHe 8CwcmHreAbHOCTN hr iepemeHam 4.1,
pbIHKOB 4HHaHCHpOBaHHm.
BCTaBra npeACTaBAeHHaH Ha CAeAyIoIueH AaeT npeACTaBAeHHe O npogecce ynpaBAeHHsi aKTHBaMH H o6H3aTeAbcTBaMH. cIHHaHCoBOe
ynpaBAeHHe HrpaeT
(PHHaHCOBoe y"pe2AeHHe
ynpaBAeHHH
aKTHBaMH
ynpaBAeHHJo
aKTHBaMH
HMeAo
KAIoieByJo
pOAb,
o6ecneqHBas
TaKoe noAo2meHHe,
bl B HaAHIHH Bce KoMnoHeHTbl AAH
o6 H3aTCAbCTBaMH.
H H
6
K
TaKOBbIM
(AAKO),
o6m3aTeAbCTBaMH
a4q4eKTHBHOro
CAeAyeT
OTHeCTH
'iTo
6
bi
npoUecca
KOMHTeT
pa3pa6oTaHHble
KOHKpeTHO
CTpaHH e,
no
CTpaTerHH
AAR o6ugero napameTpamH pHCKOB B yipaBAeHHH aKTHBaMH H o6a3aTeAbCTBaMH, HHBeCTHUHH B UeHHbiX 6yMarax, YPOBeHb AHKBHAHOCTH, AeHe2KHbIC PbIHOqHbie aKTHBbI, npHo6peTeHae POHAOB, XeAmHPOBaHHe npHBOAJTCH
a
Tamte
KynASR-npoAa2Ka
OCHOBHbie HaripaBAeHHH
nOAHOCTbJO
OXBaTbIBaIOT
Bce
HHOCTpaHHOH
nOAHTHKH
BaAlOTbI.
HHme
6aHKa B BTOII o6AaCTH,
CTOPOHbl
AeHTeAbHOCTH,
HO
Ha
4.2
BCTaBKe
KOTOpbIe, XOTR
RBAHIOTCH
H
He
AOCTaTo4HO
penpe3eHTaTHBHbIMH: 3
9CPeKTHBHbIH
npogecc
ynpaBAeHHa
aKTHBaMH
H
o6H3aTeAbCTBaMH
TaKme
BKAOoqaeT
CAeAYIOlI_He MOMeHTbl:
*
onpeAeAeHHe
HHqOpMaaHH,
AaHHbIe
pa3mepax
o
OXBaTbIBalOt4He
Heo6xoAHMOH
Ka2Aoro
npoIAoe,
H3
TeKyu4ee
AAA
nOpTcpeAeH H
npeACToHqUJHC CPOKH noraiUeeHH
H3MeHeHHIO
BeH
pacUIHpeHHH
H
TaxK2C
KaK
(2)
OTHOH1uHHR
B
TeKy11eM
H
noAomeHHe,
AOXOAbI/CTaBKH TeKynjero
H
TaK
B
o6R3aTeAbCTB, npoeKTHpyeMbie noAAemaiMHe
UOPTq3eAe
6yAyjgHX
IOpTTpeAA H 6yAyujero nOpTiq
noPTIeAH
K
(1)
Br.Aoqa
MCHHbiX 6yMar, o6tbeMbi,
nopTqpeAe,
AOxOAOB/CTaBoK
aKTHBOB
6yAyujee
AOnOAHeHHH,
AAKO,
peiueHi
AOxoAaM/cTaBKaM
Hm
a
H
K
PbIHKa
ApyrHM nopTqeARM aKTHBOB H o6a3aTeAbcTB. *
pHHaHCOBaHI
MOAeAb,
KOTOpaH
MomeT
HMHTHPOBaTb
CTpaTerHH B o6AacTH AOXOAOB H co6cTBeHHoro
BaXpKeT
upeAnoAaraembix
anrHTaAa npH pa3AH4HbIX cUeHapHRx
riOBeAeHHH npOgeHTHOH CTaBKH *
o6ijHe KOHUenTyaAbHbie
AAKO
paMKH AAR aHaAH3a
H AAH npHHRTHR
AAKO KOOPAHHaUHR
*
BbIrIOAHeHHR CTpaTerHH H pemeHHH,
npHHHTbIX B o6AacTH
Yl/parAeNwHe pasHHgeil 8 JpOfgeHTHNrX CTaRKaX
pelueHHH no
AAKO.
H alHaAH-. cpeAHe-
RBBe/lreHH0W SBa4OAWeHHOCTN CIHHaHCOBoe npogeHTHoH aHaAH3
Ha
cTaBKe.
Mo2KeT
pblHKe
cpeAHeB3BenieHHoH
npoMeHTHoH
rIpHeMOB
ynpaBAeHHe
CTaBKH
CTaBOK B (,HHaHcOBOH YnpaBAeHHe
HcnOAsb3yH
ynpaBAeHHe
3aoA2KeHHoCTH,
HqOpMamagHn,
AOA2KHa COqeTaTbCSI
AoxoAaX H npeACTaBA.Tb
npoaHaAH3HPOBaTb
C TeKyKJHMH
co6ogi
KOTOpble
noAy'iaeMasl
OCHOBy
B
PHCKa
XIpHMeHeHHR
BAHHHHH
cTaBKax
AHHaMHKy
H3 6aAaHcoBoro
HMHTaUHH
H3MeHeHHR
OT
npoIeHTHbIX
OXBaTbIBalOT
B pe3yAbTaTe
AaHHblMH
AAR
cTeneHb
pa3HHgeiH
pHcKa
Aio6oro
oTqeTa
H3MeHeHHfi
H
H no
H3 BTHX
OTqeTa
O
npoUeHTHbIX
MoAeAH.
Pa3pblBOM B cpoKaX
Me2mAy aKTHBaMH
H o6H3aTeAbCTBaMH
H3MepReT
pasHHIy
memAy o6ibeMamH aKTHBOB H o6bleMaMH o6e3aTeAbcTB, KOTOpble AOAmHbJ npOHTH nepeogeHKy Ha TeKyuJeZH HeAeAe, B AaHHOM MecHge, KBapTaAe HAH TeCygYeM roAy.
128
BCTaDaca 4.1 npoUecc
yupaBAeHim aKTHBaMH H o6si3aTeAbcTBaMH JeAeBbic pe-yAbTzTba
MO,eAb.yWpa&MeHNm aKTHBaMN H 06z3aTeAuCTBaMrN
[
Bbipa6oTxa nIOAHTHFH
3aijHunjaT
I*
HoAAep2uHBaTb
H3
C6op BHeUIHeH
C6op BHyTpeHHeH
AHKBHAHOCTb
HHcOpMaUHH
HHwOpMaUHH
* YnpaAAwTb
YnpaBAeHHe
AOCTaTOqHOM
Ha
AHKBHAHOCTb
ypOBHe AAI nOKpbITHS BCeCX nOTpe6HOCTeH AeHe2HbiX nOTOKOB, npH BTOM BbirOAHO BKAaAbIBaA CBo6OAHy3O
l
r
aK9_OHepOB H BNAaA'HKOB
*
CTpeMSCb
lUeHoo6pa3oBaHHeM
(pa3pblBOM),
renom AOXOAbl
npOgeHTHbiM MaKCHMH3HpOBaTb
B
npeAeAax
YCTaHOBAeHHbIX AHMHTOB pHCKa
YnpaBAeHHe
YrIpaBAeHHe
YnpaBAeHHe
AHKBHAJ.HOCTb[O
Pa3pbIBOM
Ba.AIOTOi
*
HoAyqaTb
*
H raMHAbTOH.
B
AAA noraHueHHi Aio6bix
IoAAepmHBaTb AOCTaTO1Hblu
TaK
OIeHHBaTb
ynpaBACHH!o
4cToIYHHK: By3-AAeH
BaA1OTbl
AAOBbIX pHcKOB KanHTaA
YnpaBAeHHe MeHoo6pa3oBaHHeM
|
OT
rnpeAeAax AHMHTOB PHCKa
*
BbnOAHeH
npH6blAb
npHAHqHyiO
CBOH
npoAyKTbi,
aKTHBaMH
H
MaKCHMH3HPOBaTb AOXOA 6aHKa
6 bi oTO
nomoraTb
o6A3aTeAbcTBaMH
H
YJpeii.erNre PJY08KOB
CTBa o iOBbIIJIeHe 9yVCTMTAbHOCTN
Jr fepeMeNafJ
BCTaDxa 4.2 KAOqeBbile o6AaCTH 6aHKOnCKOii nOAUTRKH yupan3AeNHx
fIoAImrxa yHpaB.4eHmf
AAKO. AAKO,
.
pyl(OBOACTBO
*
MeAH H cfyHKgHH
*
meAH
*
aK7WHBaMH H
ynpaBAeHHH
aKTH3aKH H 06sBaTeAbCTBamn
o6z3are4AbCrBamH
coCTaB H o6R3aHHOCTH.
aKTHBaMH H o6HsaTeAbcTHaMH
B geARx noAyqeHHB 'iHCTOii MapMH no npoeHTHroH CTaBKe, npH6blAb Ha aKTHBbI, npH6blAb Ha co6cTBeHHbli KanHTaA. napameTpbl pHCKa npogeHTHOH CTaBKH: rpaHHgbi nOAHTHKH pa3HHUbI (MemAy npOMeHTHbiMH CTaBKaMH no ccyAe H Aeno3HTaM), orpaHH'eHHH B nOAHTHKe npOAOAMHTeAbHOCTH AeHCTBHR AOArOBOrO HHcTpyMeHTa, npeAeAbl BapHagHH qHCTorO AoxoAa no npogeHTHo1H cTaBKe, KorAa pbiHOmHbiH noKa3aTeAb npogeHTa Bo3pacTaeT HAH yMeHb1raeTcC
*
KOBq4HUHeHTbl
AHKBHAHOCTH: o6ugam xapaKTepHCTHKa,
Ha onpeAeAeHHyio BeAHIMWy.
KOHKpeTHb1e Tpe6oBaHHH nOAHTHKH
AHKBHAHOCTH. *
nOAHTHKa
*
HcKA1o1HTeAbHbxe (hipe3BbitafiHbie) o6cTosrTeAbcTaa H npOUeAypbI.
PHHaHCHpoBaHHR.
FoIANICNa B oTHOLICHHm HHBec7MHNoHHbrx geHHbIx 6ymar *
iIeAH ynpaBACHHH
*
PYKOBOACTBo noAHTHKOH;
HHBeCTHUHOHHbDMH UeHHbIMH 6yMaraMH: nOpTcpeAA B o6ugeM o6beMe aKTHBoB; KpeAHTHblH pHCK;
AHKBHAHOCTb
*
nOpT(pe1Ab rOCyAapCTBeHHb[X UeHHbiX 6yMar;
*
nOpTcjeAb UeHHbiX 6ymar, o6ecneqeHHblIx 3aKAaAHbiMH;
*
nOpTq3eAb UeHHbiX 6yMar, He o6AaraeMblx HaAoroM;
*
peryAHpHasi nepeoueHKa MeAeH nopTqJeAH H noKa3aTeAeH ero "pa6oTbl"; npogeAypbi HCKAIOqHTeAbHb1X 06CTOHTeAbCTB.
*
FloAmNwra
AOXOAOB;
AOAE
wicXBH4mocT
*
UeAH ynpaBAeHHeH AHKBHAHOCTbIO: onpeAeAeHHe AHKBHAHOCTH H noAo2meHHe MHHHMaAbHOH H MaKCHMaAbHOH AHKBHAHOCTH;
*
yHpaBAeHHe nOAHTHKOH;
*
HsMepeHHe
*
eMKoCTb; nOraLueHHe aKTHBoB; H ABH2KeHHC AeHe2HbIX cpeACTB; npeeMCTBeHHOCTb HCTOYHHKOB c)HHaHcHpoBaHHR;
*
ogeHha noKasaTeAeHi
*
cTenCeHH AHKBHAHOCTH
(HcxoAR
H3 onpeAeAeHHa):
KosqX4HUHeHTbi,
KpeAHTHran
6aAaHcoBoro OTqeTa H noTpe6HoCTeH B AHKBHAHOCTH; BAHHHHe AHKBHAHOCTH Ha o6lbeM 3aeMHbix cpeACTB, 'yBCTBHTeAbHOCTb npo4eHTHofi
cTasKH
H HHCTblH AOXOA 6aHKa; *
perCYAApHan nepeogeHKa LeAeH H OUeHKa noKa3aTeAeH pe3yAbTaTHBHOCTH [IOAHTHKH.
*
UeAH
FOAmTHra 7-qp
*
RAv
a3HarIeCJANfmH eJHHblMH 6ymaramN
yrpaBAeHHR
npOAameHi H nOKynKOH Ka3HaqeHCKHx ULeHHbiX 6yMar: npH6bLAb aKTHBbl, npHPOCT AOXOAOB, AHKBHAHOCTb, H MyBCTBHTeAbHOCTb npoLeHTHoH CTaBKH; napaMeTpbl TOprOBb1X onepagHHi npH HHBeCTHpOBaHHH B:
130
Ha
YnpaaAew,e
wann
BcTaDKa 4.2 (npoA.)
*
qeAepaAbHbie qOHAbi (OBepHaiiT H Ha CpOK); H lpopBapAHaR); KyrHi-npoAanma HHOCTpaHHOM B&AIOTbi (TeKyLgam
*
EpoAerio3HTbi H EBpoAenO3WrHble cepTH(PHKaTbI,
*
corAalmeHH
*
6aHKoBCKHe aKgenTb1,
*
geHHbic 6yMarU Ha TOprOBOM cIeTe.
*
OT'eTHOCTb 0 TOprOBbIX CACAKaX H nO3HIAHRX, nOAHTHKH. peryAqpHblH nepecMoTp geAei H pe3yAbTaTHBHOCTH
*
*
peno,
I 7IoAHTKa xem.'ifpoBaHHR AOXOA qHCTblH0 yrpaBAeHHe -IYBCTBHTeAbHOCTbIO npOgeHTHOH CTaBKH, no npOUeHTHOH CTaBKe, AHKBHAHOCTb H npHpOCT AOxOAa.
*
UeAH xeAMHpOBaHHM:
*
perAaMeHTHPOBaHHbie HHCTpyMeHTbI XeAHtPOBaHHH
*
perAameHTHPOBaHHbie CTpaTerHH XeA2tHOBaHMH CAeAKaM no npOgeHTHOH CTaBKe, napaMeTpbi AAa OnpeAeAeHHH no3HIIHii nO (J)biOqepCHbIM H noKynKH !eHHb1x 6ymar HAH ongHOHaM H cBonaMm, no o6H3aTeAbCTBaM npoAamH BaAlOTbl. KpeAHTOB, H no npoAame-noKynKe HHOCTpaHHOH
*
BpeMeHHblM nepHOAaM: AKTHBbI H o6H3aTeAbcTBa pacnpeAeAHioTcH no CAeAyEoUHM C
(PHKCHpOBaHHOH
OTHOCRTCH
CTaBKOH
HHCTpyMeHTbi
*
cpoKa AeiCTBHH; YCAOBHHMH KOHTpaKTa H/HAH AaTOH HCTe-eHHH K nepHOAy, HHCTPYMeHTbl C nepeMeHHOH CTaBKoH OTHOCHTCA
KOrAa
CMeHa UeHbI Ha AaHHbIH HHCTpyMeHT.
TeopH.s npOgeHTHOH
ynpaBAeHHH CTaBKH B
4YBCTBHTeAbHbIX
CpOKaM
Pa3pblBOM B CPOKaX HCXOAHT KOHoMHMqeCKOH
K o6s3aTeAbcTBaM
nepeoUeHHBaembie
aKTHBbl)
cpeAe
6AaronpHRTHbIM
(KorAa nepeoUeHHBaembie a
B03paCTaHHe
t
HM3npeAnOAomeHHMS,
Mom(eT 6bITb
o6o3HaReHHOMy
K nepHoAy,
*
npOHCXOAMT
TO yMeHbleHMHe AAR HHCTHTYTOB
o6n3aTeAbcTBa npeBbllilaiOT nO
npo,eHTHOH
CTaBKH
6AaronpHRTHo
AAA
y'pe2tAeHHH, 'IyBcTBHTCAbHbIX K aKTHBaM. noToMy 'ITO Pa3pblBOB nO CPOKaM CAeAyeT HCnOAbSOBaTb C OCTOpOmHOCTbJO, (1) OHO HCXOAHT H3 npeAnOAOmeHHR, -ITO OHO CTpOHTCH Ha leTbIpex AO2KHbix npeAnocbIAKax: q)aKTOpOM, BAHMIOU.HM Ha pHCK no BpeMR H3MeHeHHf UeHbl HBAMeTCH CaMbIM BaltHbIM eHbl TOAbKO AHllb cO3AaeT npUOeHTHOM CTaBxe. Ha CaMOM 2Ke AeAe, BpeMSI H3MeHeHHHR (2) OHO HCXOAHT HS AAR H3MeHeHHH 'IHCTOH nPH6blAH no npOIaeHTam. YnpaBAeHHe
BO3MO2KHOCTb
nOABeprwyTcH B AaHHblH nepHOA BpeMeHH BCe aKTHBbl H o6sm3aTeAbcTBa noRa3aA, OnbiT CTaBKH Ha pbIHKe. MsmeHeHHIO UCHbl B CTOpOHy o6ulero ABHmeHHH npoUeHTHOii nOCKOAbKy BCe aKTHBbl HAH o6m3aTeAbcTBa, ITO BTOT BbIBOA peAKO 6blBaeT npaBHAbHbIM, KOrAa HCTeKaeT HX CpOK nOraMeHMR, nOABePralOUWHecH H3MeHeHH*O ,eHbI B OTPeSOK BpeMeHH, H TOT me nepHOA BpeMeHH. KAacc BoBce He o6s3aTeAbHo 6blAH 3a(FHKCHpOBaHbi B OAHH
npeAnOAOmeHHSI,
o6s3aTeAbCTB, nepBOHa-'aAbHbIii
'TO
AeHCTByIOU.HX cpoX
B
Ae4CTBHSI
TeqeHHe
30
KOTOpbIX
COCTaBAHA
131
AHeH,
Mo2KeT
coAepmaTb
o6xsaTeAbcTsa,
30 AHeH, 1 roA, 4
roAa
H
T.A.
YEpelLJAew,e pyJr01orcTa H' mozAriieHHe
YnpaBAeHHe
P3apblBOM
OAHHaKoByIo
peazqaHio
B cpoxax Ha
npeAnOAaraeT,
H3MeHeHHH
B
yBC7THTAbAHOCT7
Bce
wTO
npOUeHTHOH
e n'epeA
eaJ
aTH o6a3aTeAbcTBa
cTaBKe
6yAyT
HMeTb
Ho eCAH
pbIHKe.
Ha
6oAee AoAroCPO-iHbie o6a3aTeAbcTBa 6blAH BbinyujeHbl B riepHoA 6oAee BblCOXOH inpogeHTHoH cTaBKH, TorAa HX npO]2eHTHa5 CTaBXa BepOSITHee Bcero 6yAeT yMeHbllaTbCfI, Aame eCAH npOgeHTmaa CTaBKa Ha PbIHKe MomeT Bo3pacTaTb. TaKoe RBAeHHe H3BeCTHO KaK 6a3HcHblfi pHCK, H ero 3Ha'eHHe 3aKAIo'IaeTca B TOM, HTO Bce UeHOBbie HHAeKcbl, HCnOAb3yeMbie npH OCeHKe aKTHBOB H o6R3aTeAbcTB He COBnaAaIOT c o6igefi TeHAeHgHeH H3MeHeHHm nlpogeHTHOH CTaBKH. (3) YnpaBAeHHe Pa3pblBOM no CpOKaM npeAnoAaraeT, 'TO HeHTpaAbHaA nO3HUHR, TO-eCTh paBeHCTBo aKTHBOB H o6H3aTeAbCTB 6yAeT rapaHTHpOBaTb yCTOH'qHBbIH A째XOA. Pe3yAbTaTbl B CoeAHHeHHb!X LLITaTax noKaSaAH, TITO HeHTpaAbHaR nOfSHUHR paspbiBa B cpoKax BepORTHee
Bcero AaCT HeyCTOH'HBblH YPOBeHb 'HCTOrO AByx
(FaKTOpOB,
AeiCTByeT
onHcaHHbIX o6pa3oM,
TaKHM
peHHBeCTHUHH
BbliuIe. 'TO
(4)
OHO
AOXOAa OT IIpOgeHTHOH 14
KaK
HaKOHeg,
npeHe6peraeT
6bl
MomeT He noBAHHTb Ha nOAo2KeHHe
Bonpoce
6aHKa B
Pe3yAbTaTOM
HeAOCTaTKH
HsMeHeHHR
HOArOTOBKa
npe4OCTaBASeT
nepecMOTP
H
nOAe3Hy1O
npOgeHTHOH
CTaBKH
AaHHbIx
BO3MOM2HOCTb
no
H3y'ieHHH
no
Ha
pa3pbiBa
no
npOUeHTHOH
yrlpaBAeHH1O
cpoKaM
peHHBeCTHgHH.
pbIHKe.
qaKTOpOB,
no
pa3pbiBoM
PHCKOM
OH HMeeT 3Ha4HTeAbHOe BAHHHHe Ha H3MeHeHHe 'iHcToro AoxoAa lBAHeTCH
CTaBKH B CHAy AeHCTBHR
ynpaBaeHHe
cpOKaM,
CTaBKe ,
HecMoTpH
paS3pblBOM
COSAa1OUMHX
PHCK
Ha
no
AA4
HO
-mTO aTH
CpOKaM
y'ipemAeHHR
pHCK nO npogeHTHOH cTaBKe.
B
HOCAeAHHe
HCnOAb3yIOT
rOAbl HaH6OAee nepeAoBbie yqpe2KAeHHH BO Bce 6OAee Bo3pacTaioigem o6beMe CpeAHeB3BeLCieHHoro CpOKa HenoraiuIeHHoH 'iaCTH KpeAHTa, OTAaBaH eMy
aHaAH3
rIpeAno-lTeHHe
no
npeAnoAaraemofi HenorameHHOH
cpaBHeHHIO
nO3HUHH iaCTH
C
aHaAH3OM
H
aKTHBOB
KpeAHTa
CTOHMOCTb
HenoraieHHoA 'aCTH nepHoAH'HOCTH
co6cTBeHHoro
3aAoA2reHHOCTH
ABHm2KeHHR
UIOOeHTOB ) nOpTqJeAH
C
o6RsaTeAbcTB.
OCHOBbIBaeTCR
pbIHO'IHaR CTOHMOCTb aKTHBOB AOA2KHa pbIHO-JHafl
pa3pbIBa
6
Ha
cpoKax
npH
AHaAH3
6a3oBbIx
OleHKe
TeKyIZeJH
cpeAHeB3BeuoeHHOro
ypaBHeHHax,
cpoXa
yrBep2KAailoHx,
blTb paBHa pbIHO'iHOA CTOHMOCTH o6s3aTeAbcTB KanHTaAa.
- npol5ecc
AeHem2HbIX
CAOMHblH
CpeACTB
aKTHBOB H o6R9aTeAbcTB.
BbI-IHCAeHHR
(KaK
cpeAHeB3BeC1JeHHOrO
'TO riAlOC
cpoxa
H o6blMHO BKAio'iaeT YCTaHOBAeHHe
OCHOBHOrO
TeKyujas
H
AoAra
TaX
H
BbIIJAaTy
CTOHMOCTb KamAorO TaKOrO
noToxa AOA2Ha 6blTb Bbl4HCAeHa H yMHoKeHa Ha -IHCAO, npeAcTaBARIoUCee nOpSRAXKOBbli HOMep AaHHoro nepHoAa BbInAaT. CyMMy, nOAyqeHHyIO B peS3yAbTaTe 3aTeM HeO6XOAHMO PaSAeAHTb Ha pbIHOHYIO CTOHMOCTb nopTVqeAs. 3sHaCHHe aHaA83a cpeAHeB3BeCineHHOro CPOKa (ABHaeHH.9)
HenoraHIeHHOH
qaCTH KpeAHTa HanpHMYIO CBR3aHO C npeAnoAo2KeHHeM
0 ABH2KeHHH
AeHe2KHbIX
cpeACTB H y'eTHOH cTaBKe. CpeAHeB3BemeHHblii CpOK MO2KeT HcnOAb3OBaTbcA AAB npO4eHTHbIX MomeT
6
bITb
CTaBOK
Ha
nOAe3HoH,
OnpaBAbIBaTbCR
pbiHO'iHyiO HO
BO
peSyAbTaTaMH.
CTOHMOCTb
MHorHX 3
Bbl4HCAeHHR BAHHH8R H3MeHRio1JHXcR
co6cTBeHHoro
KanHTaAa,
CAy'aRx npeAnpHHRTbIe ycHAHR
aTpaTbl,
OAHaKO,
6yAyT
TaKaR
HH(popMaUHR
H 3aTpaTbi
yMeHbmaTbcH,
eCAH
moryr He
AaHHbie
AAR
6yAyzgero aHaAH3a H nepecMoTpa nO3HUHH 6yAyT nOCTyriaTb c MeHblIJHMH TPyAHOCTRMH. CDHHaHcOBoe
npoMeHTHoJi aHaAH3a
ynpaBAeHHe
AOA2KHO
CTaBKe H cBR3aHHYIO
pHcKa
no npOgeHTHOH
Bo3rAaBHTb
C BTHM nOAHTHKY,
cTaBKe,
npH
onpeAeAeHHe
napameTpoB
Bbi6HpaH COOTBeTCTBYIOuHe
pHcxa
no
npHeMbi AAR
pa3pa6oTKe CTpaTerHH OgeHKH AAR ynpaBAeHHE
132
f mHaHCaNm
YHpaRew,e
H
TeOpHH
pyKoBoAHTeAeH
He-(pHHaHcoBbiX
o6y4aff
H
CTaBrC
npOUCeHTHOH
no
PHCKOM
H o6H3aTeAbcTsaMH. npaKTH'ecCHM npHeMaM ynpaBAeHHH aKTHBaMH
HanpHMep,
IIHKAa
nOAO2feHHH
HH3Koro
nOAHOM
Ha
AOXOAOB
MaKCHMH3agHH
Ao HTbCq
CMO0KT
He
HHrOrAa
CTaBKH,
6
MaKCHMH3H-
'ITo6bi
C TeM,
camoro
AH6o
BbICOKoro,
caMoro
B MOMeHT AH6o
pOBaTb AOXOAbI
OT'ieT
6aAaHcoBblfi
cBOii
TaK,
H HcnoAHeHHe.
nAaHHPOBaHHe
Ha
BpeMeHH
Tpe6y[OT
Bb1CTpaHBaeT
OTOpbIH
6aHKn,
npOjleHTHOH
onepaHHH
H
cAeAKH
MTO
nOTOMY
a3a,
KaK 3amOHmwTcm npeAb Ayiga
A0 TOro,
cAeAyio1IeH qa3e UHKAa npogeHTHOH CTaBKH eue
no
OT'ieTa
6aAaHCoBoro
cBoero
nepecMoTp
HaMaTb
AOA2mHO
yipe2KAeHHe
CZHHaHCoBoe
CTaRRH
HpOfJCHTHOIH
lpOHWOSrirHpoRa,He
npOTAHKeHHH UHKAa.
H
aKTHBaMH
ynpaBAeHHe
a("eKTHBHOe
cAeAoBaTeAbHo,
CTaBKH. OCHOBaHO Ha meTKOM nporHo3e nOBeAeHHR npOUCHTHOH cAeAaTb Ha OCHOBaHHH aHaAH3a KpHBOH pbIHO'IHOH
MO2KHO
KaKmm
6bM
CTaBKH
npH6bIAH, Ha OCHOBC ny6AHKyeMbIx
(PHHaHCOBOe
nporHosHpoBaHHs.
npHeMb1
co6cTBeHHbie
CBOH
HH BOcnOAb3OBaAHCb,
nOAxOAOM Bbl
meTKylo pa3pa6oTly
Ha
OnHpaSCb
H
nporHO3OB
BKoHoMHMeCKHx
npOUeHTHOH
IpOrHO3bi
6blTb
A0A2KHo
o6HsaTeAbcTBaMH
PYKOBOACTBO
HeceT pa3BHTHC 3a
BO3MO2KHOCTH nporHo3a npOUeHTHOU CTaBKH H 3a o6ecne-4eHHe 6 H3aTeAbCTBaMH (AAKO), KOMHTeTOM no ynpaBAeHHio aKTHBaMH H o
BepHoro
peuieHHH, npHHHMaeMb!x
nporHo3oM. KoTopbC AOA2KHbi 6blTb B COOTBeTCTBHH c
KA3HAMEACKHE OnEPAUHH ro
mepe
KaK
TOrO
(3YHKXHH
(3HHaHCOBOrO
CTaHOBATCH BCe 6oAee CA02KHb1MH, BO3HHKaeT nOTOKaMH
AeHe2KHbIX
KpeAHTOB,
no
pHCKOM
AHKBHAHOCTbIO,
Aeno3HTOB,
q)yYHKUHR
cpeAcTB,
H
rPOIeHTHOH
3aeMHbIX
ynpaBAeHHH
xieTKaH
CpeACTB
a
yqpe=AeHHH
q)HHaHCOBOM
H OnpeAeAeHHaH q)YHKUaHR - onepalHH C
CTaHOBHTCH CTaBKX
B
H
TaK2Ke
Bce
60Aee
AA
ynpaBAeHHR
pHCKaMH,
CTOHMOCTblO
Ba2KHHOH
3a6aAaHcOBbIMH HHCTpyMeHTOM
peaAmagm
KOHTpOAS
nOAHTHKH ynpaBAeHH3i aKTHBaMH H o6a3aTeAbcTBaMH. OXBaTbBsalOT npHo6peTeHHe q)oHAOB, OnepagHH ynpaBAeHHH nOTOKaMH A4He2Hb1X CpeACTB H HMelO1HC XO2KAeiHHe Ha pbIHKe, XeAmHpOBaHHe HHBeCTHpOBaHHe B IeHHbie 6yMarH, yMpe2KAeHHR B UeHTpaAbHOM 6aHKe. ynpaBAeHHe pe3epBHbIM C'ICTOM AaHHoro (HHaHcoBoro 6 bITb paccpeAOTOMeHbl no BCeM OTAeAaM B He6oAbMoM 3TH pa3AHxiHble onepaiAHH MOryT MOmeT ycnellHo 4(yHKqIHOHHpOBaTb qpHHaHCOBOM yqpe2KAeHHH, HO TaKaKs AegeHTPaAH.3aiH TOAbKO
eCAH memAy
Kam2KeTcsi
KpynHOM
ABH2KeHHeM
AeHem2HbiX
cpeAcTB
qTO
peaAH3aiHs
CAeAOBaTeAbHO
yqpe2KAeHHH;
nOTOKOB
o6MeH HH(popMagHeH,
Ba2KHa
O'IeHb
AAR
ynpaBAeHHH pHCKOM B KpynHbIX y4pe?KAeHHHX.
HlpHo6peTeHHe (o6HmaTeAbcTB) AenOBHTHb!e
COrAauieHHH IT
ynpaBAeHHR
HaAam2eH 6ecnpenrTcTBeHHb1iH
B
peaAHCTHMHbIM
MaAo
UlrHTpaAH3OBaHHoro
ycneluHoro
BCeMH OTAeAaMH
qOHAOB
BKAIOqaeT
npOAamy
pa3AH4HbIX
HHCTPyMeHTOB
BKAIO'aR, Ha onTOBOM HAH HHCTHTYUHOHaAbHOM pbIHKe, CepTH(3HKaTbl,
(KoHTpaKToB).
eBpOAOAAapOBbie
CIoAa
mKe
AenO3HTbi,
OTHOCHTCH
aKxerT,
KpeAHTbl
COCpeAOTa'iHBaeTC5i eHTpaAbHOM 6aHKe. HlpHo6peTeHHe (POHAOB B OCHOBHOM
133
AeHer
HO He OrpaHH'HBaRCb,
6aHKOBCKHfi
Mem2t6aHKoBcxHe
pbIHKa
H
BbIKyn
3aHiMbl
B
Ha ynpaBAeHHH
YEpenmemme pyJoBojIrcTaa N iloaMillellEe 'qNCTRHTeAbHOCrT A nepeMezaN pHCKOM
AHKBH4HOCTH,
HO OHO
TaK2Ke Bam2Ho H AAR peaAH3agHH cTpaTerHHi
no ynpaBAeHHIO
PHCKOM no npOgeHTHOH cTaBKe. HHBeCTHUHOHHas1 PbIHKC
AeHer,
AeHTeAbHOCTb
o6AaraeMblx
H
OXBaTbIBaeT
KynAio-npoAamy
Heo6AaraeMbJx
HaAoraMH
KpaTKOCpOqHbiX
4leHHb1x
6yMar,
aKTHBOB Ha
Me2K6aHlOBcKyIO
noAnHCKY Ha
MeHHbie 6yMarH H geHHbie 6yMarH AAA o6ecneqeHH.9 ToproBbix RpeAHToB. OCHOBHaR geAb aTorO BHAa AcSTeAbHOCTH saxAIo'aeTcH B o6ecneqeHHH AHKBHAHOCTH aKTHBOB,
MaccHMH3agHH
o6ujero
AOxOAa
OT
He-KpeAHTHbix
aKTHBOB,
11pHHOCHgHX
llpH6blAb,
H
peaAH3aBHS cTpaTerHH AAKO.
OnepaUHH XeA2mHPOBaHHA npeAHa3HaieHbl AAH ynpaBAeHHA pHCKOM nO npOueHTHOH cTaBKe H pHCKOM OT 3a6aAaHcoBbix orepaUHH. K HHM OTHOCHTCH CbioCepCHbIe onepaIHH C npOgeHTHOH cTaBKOH, ongHOHbl, CBOnbl, o6n3aTeAbCTBa Ha npHo6peTeHHe H npOAam2y KpeAHTbi H geHHbie 6yMarH H KynAm-npOAa2Ka HHOcTpaHHOH BaAIOTbl. AeHCTBHH, cBH3aHHbIe c pe3epBHbIM CMeTOM B IJeHTpaAbHoM 6aHKe BKA1oialOT ynpaBAeHHe 6aAaHcaMH Ha o6RsaTeAbHbIX pe3CPBHbIX ceTax c geAbIO BbinOAHeHHI HOpMaTHBHblX Tpe6oBaHHH npH MHHHMH3agHH H3AHMHHX Hepa6OTaioJiHx 6aAaHcOB. OnepaUHH, CBS!3HHbIC c ynpaBAeHHeM ABH2reHHS HHaqOpMagHio (AaHHbxe) AAm peuicHHs Bonpoca
HaAHqHoCTH, o
oripeAeAeHHbie c'eTa B CHCTeMe BHyTpH6aHKoBcKoro
TaR2Ke MOryT npeAoCTaBARTb
BHyTpeHHeM
y'eTa
(CM.
nepeBoAe
AaAee rAaBy,
cpeACTB
Ha
nocBHqieHHyio
BonpocaM y"eTa AAR PYKOBOAHTeAH H OT'leTHOH HH(POpMaUHH.
CHCTEMbI BYXrAATEPCKOrO Y'ETA H OThETHOCTH Ipogecc yqeTa Heo6xoAHMoH
(HHaHCoBOrO wTO
B Aio6oH
AAA
opraHH3agHH
ynpaBAeHHR
nOAOm2eHHH opraHH3aUHH.
yqaCTKH
H
c(pepbi
H
oTpa2KeHHq
(JJHHaHCOBbie
HX npogecc yLieTa He orpaHHiHBaeTCH
Bce
npeACTaBASeT co6o0
pHcKhMH
q)YHKUHeH
OpraHH3aUHH.
Bce
yqpe2KAeHHR
onepaTHBHbie
HHPOpMagHio
AAR
2mYPHaAaX y4eTa
BBOART
KOMnblOTePHY!0
(HHaHCOBOrO yMeTa
HAH
HX
B
ynpaBAeHHH B OTHOuieHHH
onepa4AHH
B perHcTpagHoHHOM
nOKa3aTeAeH
KOrAa
YHHKaAbHbl
Tai2me
a
B TOM cMbIcAe,
noApa3AeAeHHH
(HHaHcoBoro
OHH 3anHcbIBaioT CBOH OnepaLIHH B
CHCTeMy.
npoUecca y'leTa 2ypHaAe,
pa6oTbmI
ynpaBAeHHR (JHHaHcaMH, HO npOHHKaeT BO
yqpe2KAeHHR CO3AaloT
yqeTa,
MeTOA OT6opa HHpOpMaUHH,
o6HsaHHoCTH
CAeoABaTeAbHO,
npOCTHpaloTCH 3a paMKH
KOTOpblHi
BeAeTCR
B
BeAeHHH
6yxraATepHH
H
B
KOHTpOAbHOM ynpaBAeHHH.
B AOAA.)
He6OAbHIHx
H,
q)HHaHCOBbIX
3awacTylo,
nAeTeHHOCTb
B
y'Ipe2KAeHHSx
(HHaHCOBbIX
B
CLLA
y"pemAeHHax
aKTHBbi
(HMelOI1HX
pa3BHBaioJijHxcH
meHee 50
CTpaH
MAH.
B3aHMOriepe-
6yxraATepcKoA,
y'eTHoH H onepagHOHHOH AeHTeAbHOCTH OTpam2eHa B CTpyKType OpraHH3aUHH. B BblUeynlOMHHyTbIX 6aHKax (YHKIHH y"eTa o6blMHO RBAHIOTCH coCTaBAHIoWeH (PyHK4HH OnepaMHOHHOH cAy2K6. TaKaH opraHH3aUH0HHaa CTpyKTypa nO3BoAAeT 6OAbiylo cKOOPAHHHPOBaHHOCTb
(PyHKgHH y'IeTa H onepaUHOHHOH
orpaHH'!HBaeT
paSHOo6pasHe y'eTHOH AeRTeAbHOCTH,
AeHTeAbHOCTH
6aHKa,
OrpaHH'HBaH
MeAH
cocpeAoTaqHBaA
aTOH
CAy2K6bi
BHHMaHHe
BTOH cAy2K6bi
- HeO6XOAHMOCTb[O
134
AeSiTeAbHOCTH.
OAHaKo,
HMeHHO BTO H
3aMbiKaR ee Ha onepaUHOHHblH Ha
TeXHH'ecKHx
AOCTH2KeHHR OnpeAeAeHHbIX
ypoBeHb
BonpocaX
H
pey3AbTaTOB
YzipazAeHHe HMHaHCaMM
ee
cAeAaTb
qTo6bi
Toro,
BMeCTO
AAA
HHq)OpMaUHH
o6ecneMeCHe
3aAaqeii
OCHOBHOH
6aHKoM.
Bq)tXeKTHBHoro ynpaeAeHmi
YCA02mH;uoTcCH ero onepalHH H mepe Toro, KaK pacTeT MOUlb (3HHaHcOBoro yqpe2tAeHHH, B pe3yAbTaTe oriepaUHH CAym6bi y-ieTa OT 6aHKOBCKHX OTXOA Ha6AIOAaeTcH YCAyrH CA02HbIX Tpe6oBaHHH B o6AaCTH Bo3pacTaioWueH Heo6xoAHMoCTH yAoBAeTBOpeHHH 6oAee nOAqHHHeTcA o6AaCTH qpHHaHCOBOrO y'eTa. B CaMOM HamaAe, aTa cAym6a
Ho
peryAHPoBaHHH
H B
cAymaigeMy
6aHKoBcKoMy
CTapmemy
riocTeneHHO
CTaHoB5rrCH
(HHaHCOBOrO
Ba6oT
Ba2tHHoH MaCTbIO
pa6oTe,
OnepaUHOHHOH
no
rAaBHoro
OAHaKo,
yqeTa
qyHKUHH
pyKOBOACTBa 6aHKa HAH o6AacTbIo
ynpaBAeHHHS, KaK OTMe'eHO HH2me.
poAeH B npoUecce y'eTa B CVHHaHcOBoe ynpaBAeHHe npH3BaHo HrpaTb HecKOAbKo KAiomeBbix pa6oTy cxeMbi OTMeTOB B 6aHKe AAA 6aHKe. OHO AOAmHO pa3pa6aTbmBaTb H o6ecne'HBaTb o6pa6oTKH
caMbiH
AoAmHbI
6blTb
C
B rAaBHOM 2KypHaAe. B
co6oii
npeACTaBAMIoT
H
6aHKe
TaKHe
pasHbIX
BHAOB
no BHAaM ycAyr, npH6bIAbHOCTH AA1 KAHeHTOB),
HanpaBAeHHOCTH
geAeBOH
3peHHH
TOIKH
oTAeAoB
paSHb1X
AAA
AAM oTAeAeHHH,
3TH CXeMbI OTMCTOB
AAq 3anHCH
noApo6HblH)
pa3pa6oTaHbl
AeHTeAbHOCTH (HanpHMep, Tainte
B rAaBHOM 2KypHaAe.
(HaHMeHee
YPOBeHb
nepBbIH
cxeMbi
AaHHbIX
ymeTHbIX
opraHoB
(4AA
peryAHpoBaHHR,
a
AAA
aK%HOHCeOB H AAR BHyTpeHHHX UeAeli yqpe2KAeHHH).
AAM aBTOMaTHMeCKoro CLHHaHcoBoe ynpaEAeHHe AOA2KHO TaK2Ke onpeAeAHTb cnegH()HKaUHH pem2HMe HHTepcpeHca. B 2mYPHaA nOCTynAeHHS AaHHbIX C KoMnblOTepHbix nOACHCTeM B OCHOBHOH 1 KpeAHTOB BKAIo'iaeT MHoroMHCAeHHbie HanpHMep, CHCTeMa 3aABOK Ha noAy eHHe KOMMepmeCKHX
THnbl KpeAHToB,
H MaCTO nOBTOpHIOWHecCH
KOTOpbIe OgeHHBaloTCH OTAeAOM
BbIAa%H KpeAHTOB
ECAH npHAeTCSi AAH1 BHeceHHH B AAR HX COOTBeTCTBHH Tpe6oBaHHHM cAym6 AaHHoro oTAeAa. 0 KpeAHTaX AAA OT'IeTHOCTH no BbiAaqe OCHOBHOH 2mYPHaA npHBeCTH B COOTBeTCTBHe AaHHbIe aTH AaHHble c xapaKTepoM KoMMepmecKHX KpeAHToB, TorAa noTpe6yeTCa corAacOBbIBaTb y'eTa pa3pa6aTbiBaeT qjOpMbI, B AaHHbIX H THnoM 3zanHCH HX B OCHOBHOM ?KypHaAe. CAym6a HHTeppeHca AaHHblX. Ct)HHaHcoBoe KOTOPbIX co6AioAeHa H yqTeHa Heo6xoAHMocTb TaKoro B o6AaCTH y'ieTa H npogeAypbI y'eTa, ynpaBAeHHe Taxme AOA2KHO pa3pa6aTblBaTb nOAHTHKY H peryAMPHO corAacOBbIBaTb pacnpocTpaHRTb aTH Tpe6oBaHHH no BceH CHCTeMe opraHH3atHm pa3Hbie
AOnOAHHTeAbHbie
OTPamaeMbIMH
H
BCnoMoraTeAbHbie
2mYPHaAbi
c
o6JIHMH
Tpe6oBaHHIMH,
B OCHOBHOM 2KypHaAe.
nOCTOHHBOe Aa4BAeHHe HHTepHa HoHaAH3aMHA ToproBAH H (PHHaHCOB oKa3biBaeT aTH y'IeTa. Me2KAYHapOAHbIX CTaHaaPTOB 6yxraATepcKoro npHHRTHA Ha Heo6xo4HMOCTb o6 pelUeHHH B epOpMHpOBaHHH CTaHAapTbi 6yAyT Heo6xoAHMbi HPH pa3pa6oTKe peryAHpoBaHHH,
PacTyuMaH
HHBeCTHPOBaHHH
pa6oTbl
H
6
npHo peTeHHH
3apy6e2KHbix 6aNHoB.
Heo6xoAHMocTb
H
Ba2mHOCTb
aKTHBOB
ct HHaHCOBoe 8TOH
3a rpaHHieH,
PYKOBOACTBO
3aAaqH,
nOCKOAbKy
a
TaKme AAM
ogeHKH noKa3aTeAeH
Bcex 6aHKoB AOAmHO npHHRTHe
TaKHX
OCO3HaBaTb
CTaHAaPTOB
B
Tpe6oBaHHH B o6AaCTH y'eTa. 3HaqHTeAbHOH cTeneHH noBAHHeT Ha HX co6cTBeHHble
PmNHaHCORar OTverTHOCTb Kpyr AHl,
1 AaAeKo 3a paMKH ero nOAb3Y1OU_HXCB qHHaHCOBOH oT eTHOCTbho 6aHKoB BbIXOAHT KpeAHTOPOB H BKAiotaeT 3amoHoAaTeAeH, AHpeKTopoB, aKIHOHepOB,
co6cTBeHHoro ynpaBAeHHH
135
YKpen.AeHHe pyKwooxeTBa
(HHBecTopoB)
H nocTaBI_4HKoB.
H
IyBCTBNTHeAbHocTH
mOBrIIeHHe
AKqHOHepbl,
A' IepeMeNam
KPeAHTOpbl
H HOCTaBlHKH llpHMO 3aBHCSIT OT q)HHaHCOBOH HHq)OpMaUHH, COAep?KaJjeHC.R B e2KerOAHbIX H KBapTaAbHbiX 6aHKOBcKHX OTqeTax, KoTopbie rOTOBRTCHI HCnOAbSylOT
B COOTBeTCTBHH
ny6AHKyeMyIo
c o6ujenpHHSITbIMH
3
CTaHAapTaMH y'eTa.
aKoHOAaTeAH
HHq)OpMaHl4uo,
a TaKme oT"eTbI, ny6AHKyeMbie B COOTBeTCTBHH C Tpe6oBaHHHMH H HHCTpyKlHHMH, COAepmaWHMHCH B 6aHKOBCKHX o6n3aTeAbHblx AOKyMeHTaX. PyKOBOAHTeAH H AHpeKTOpa noAy'aIOT BCC aTH OTMeTbI, HO HX HOTpe6HOCTH B HH(POpMaUHH npeBbliualEOT YCTaHOBAeHHbie AAHt OT'eTOB paMKH. BHyTpeHHHe (3HHaHCOBbXe OTqeTbI AAM PYKOBOAHTeAeH H AHpeKTOPOB AOA2KHbi 6 blTb pa3pa6oTaHbl BORpyr BOCbMH 8ACMeHTOB qHHaHCOBOrO
pHcKa:
npOgeHTHOH
AOCTaTO'IHOCTH
CTaBKH,
KanHTaAa,
'yBCTBHTeAbHOCTH
nO3HUHH, PHCK onepagHH,
KaxecTBa
TOprOBAH
aKTHBOB,
HHOCTpaHHOH
AHKBHAHOCTH,
BaAIOTOH,
PHCKa
3a6aAaHCOBbie
BHyTpeHHHH KOHTPOAb H CnOpHble qHHaHCOBbic AeAa, cBR3aHHbie C
IpOXo2KAeHHeM qepes cyAe6Hbie HHCTaHUHH. KpoMe
Toro,
6aHKOBCKHX
B
OTxeTe
qepe3
AOXOAOB
6
AOA2KHO aHaAH3
yAeAeHo
blTb
KAIOICBbIX
BHHMaHHC
KaMCCTBY
COCTaBAH1lOlAHX
qHCTOH
H
yCTOHfiHBOCTH
npH6blAH:
qHCTaR
npH6blAb OT npOgeHTOB, pe3epBbI Ha HOKpbITHe y6blTKOB nO KpeAHTaM, AOXOAbl, He cBH3aHHbIe C nOAy'eHHeM npOgeHTOB, pacXOAbl, He CBH3aHHb1e C yflAaTOH nppOgeHTOB, HeTpaAHUHOHHble HanpaBAeHHH
H
KOpnOpaTHBHbIe
HaAOrH
(HaAorH
Ha
3
npH6bIAb).
nOSBoAAReT YBHAeTb Heo6xOAHMOcTb B npHHHTHH peLueHHM
H,
qJXeKTHBHaR
OT'eTHOCTb
B HeKOTOpb1X cAy'aHX, cJOpMa
npeACTaBAeHHH oT'eTa RBAHeTCH no6yŽAeHHeM K Heo6xOAHMOCTH AeHCTBHH. BeAyUJHMH
npHHUHnaMH npH nOArOTOBKe
HCnoAb3OBaHHe
cpaBHeHHH
TeKyiiero
rpaMOTHbIX,
pe3yAbTaTa
H
IOAC3HbIX oTqeTOB MOmHO CqHTaTb
nAaHHpyemoro
pe3yAbTaTa,
Pe3yAbTaTOB H CTPaTerHmeCKHX nAaHOB, PeByAbTaTOB TeKyjHX H pe3yAbTaToB,
npOuIAOM,
CpaBHeHHe
paCIflHpeHHM rpynnoH
C pe3yAbTaTaMH,
1IOAyqeHHbIMH
nepCneKTHBbI BOCnpHHHTHH yt pemAeHHH
oAHHaKOBbIX
H 6oAee HOAHOH
AOAmHO
Ayqliue eCAH BTO 6biBaeT e?KeKBapTaAbHO, OTC4eTa
AAA
pacxo2KAeHHA rpynnoii
nOKa3aTeAeH
OgeHKH
B PC3yAbTaTaX
CXOAHbIX
no
rpynnoH
noAyqeHHb1X B
lnOAo6HbIX y'ipeKAeHHH
KapTHHbI
npOBOAHTbCH
noAyqeHHbIX
nOAOmeHHA.
no KpaHHeH
AAR
CpaBHeHHe
Mepe pa3 B roA, HO
nOTOMY qTO TaKHe CpaBHeHHR o6ecneqHBaIoT TOqKy
pa6oTbl
opraHH3aUHH.
YcToiimHBbie
H
noCTOHHHbie
(KaK B nOA02IHTeAbHYIO TaK H B OTPHEaTeAbHY1O CTOpOHy)
yCAOBHHM
C
pa6oTbl
yqpe2KAeHHH
C
nOABepraTbcR aHaAH3y H pe3yAbTaTbi aHaAH3a AOA2KHbl coo6ujaTbcM CoBeTy AHpeKTOPOB H BKAJo'iaTbcM B 6a3y AaHHbIX AAA nAaHHpOBaHHM, '1To6b HX Mo2KHo 6blAO HCoAb3OBaTb npH peryAApHOM nepecMOTpe H o6HOBAeHHH CTpaTerHmeCKHX nAaHOB 6aHKa. HaAemHocTb
H
nIpaBHAbHOCTb
3THX
A0A2KHbI
3aBHCHT
CpaBHeHHH
OT
KOHTpOAbHOH rpynnbl.
KAIOMeBbIMH (paKTOpaMH oT6opa y'ipemAeHHil
6blTb TOAbKO pa3Mep
H pacnooA2KeHHe,
AAA
rioxomHX
oT6opa
BHAaMH
rpynnbi
6H3Heca,
HaAe2KHOCTb npHHHIHnbl yCAOBHH.
c'iHTaTb,
BbI6opa He moryT
MTO KAiOqeBbIMH MOMeHTaMH
yqpeC2AeHHH CAeAyeT cqHTaTb 3aHRTHe OAHHMH H TeMH 2me Ha6op npOAYKUHH HAH yCAyr H o6 gHe XapaKTepHCTHKH CXOAHblX 6aHKOB.
3aBHCHT
TaK2Ke
opraHHsaUHH
H
[lo
CKOpee Mo2KHo
nIpaBHAbHOCTH AAA CpaBHeHH3
BTOH
OT
HCUOAb3OBaHHM
COAep2KaHHe
o6 wHx
MaTepHaAa,
npHqHHe CTaHAaPTHbie
npHHUH11OB
coCTaBAMiOIEerO
HOpMaTHBHbie
OT'eTbi
y'eTa,
OTpamamIOUHX
nOKa3aTeAH noAe3Hee
pa6oTbl
H
o6u4eroAoBblx
OT'eTOB o6igero HanpaBAeHHA, TaK KaK yqpe2KAeHHR AOA?KHbi npCACTaBA§Tb B COOTBeTCTBHH C
136
Yilpa,&AerHne poHaHRcaMH
HX
sa
CAeARU,HX
H
HOpMaTHBbl
YCTaHaBAHBalOIlHX
OpraHOB,
Tpe6oBaHHIO
COrAaCHO
HX opraHH3agHH
O4HHaKOBble AaHHbIC H OAHHaKOBble npHHUHfnblb
Tpe6oBaHHfMH peryAHPOBaHUH
Co6AIOAeHHeM. B OTqeTax,
A,pyrHM Bam2HbIM OCHOBHblM HanpaBAeHHeM
pyKOBOACTBy, 3a
npeAOCTaBAHeMbiX
siBAReTCI nOnbITKa yAepmaTbcfl HCKAiO'leHHeM PYKOBOACTBa cAym6bi (pHHaHCOBOrO ynpaBAeHHR, OT
Hlpogecc npe4OCTaBAeHHH OTqeTHOCTH AOA2teH coAepmKaTb
CAy2K6bi CUHHaHCOBOrO ynpaBAeHH5.
HHqIOpMaUHH, KOTOpbie Hy2fHbI ApyrHM PYKOBOAHTeARM
CHHTe3HPOBaHHbie KAIOieBble BAeMeHTbI
AAA
AeHOM
RBAeTCH
KOTOpbIH He
UHHqOpMauHH,
flOAb3OBaTeASI
8aX(KTHBHOCTb
nOBbiiuaeT
3HaxHTCAbHO
6aHKa.
pa6OTbi
noKasaTeAeH
H
COCTOSHHM
H CXeM
rpatpHKOB
nOHCHtmOUoHX
HCcnOAb3OBaHHe oT9CTa 4AH
UHaHCOBOrO
InOHHMaHHS1
rAy6OKOrO
KaK PYKOBOAHTeAH
H TOU CTeneHH aHaa3a CHTyaUHH,
o nOAomeHHH
noApo6HOCTH
CTeneHH
TOU
B
HYMAalOTCR
He
6aHKa
pyKOBOAHTeAH
ApyrHe
OTqeTOB.
AeTaAH3saHH
H3AHUIUHeA
(pHHaHcoBOrO
rpynnbi
ynpaBAeHHR 6aHKa.
OCHOBHbIX
nOHHMaHIH
pa3HO-ITeHHH
OTqeTbl,
COOTBeTCTBHH
C
OTTeTaX,
B
OTpa2eHHb1M
nOAOmeHHeM,
BpeMA
MeHSioTTCR
OT
OAHH
nepHOAbl B
cerOAHSIJHHfi
Ha
OT4eTC
H
OTqeToB
opraHH3WUH.R
nOBTOPHTb AaHHbie 3a npeAblAYuHe
AOA2KHbi
HAH
Tpe6OBaHHRMUH
6
bl o cymAeHHio
HH¢opMaUHio 3a nepHOA BpeMeHH, npeBbliualo1u1HH
nPCACTasBAuOURHe
BpeMeHHOH OTpe3oK,
TpaAHUHOHHbli
(HHaHCOBbIX
B
HCcnOASb3yeMorO
cAOBap,
cneguH4HqHOCTb
H
IOCKOAbry
nOHqTHHi.
H
TepMHHOB
OCHOBHbIX
6
nocROAbKy OH YCTpaHHA 6bl BepOsrTHOCTb
pe3yAbTaToB AeqTeAbHOCTH yqpemAeHHH,
(uHHaHcOBbIX
cAoBapb
Mo2KeT 3HaqwTeAbHO
npH aHaAH3e OT-eTOB H cnoco6cTBoBaA
nOMOMb pyKOBOAHTeA1O-Heq)HHaHcHcTy
BpeMeHH,
OTqeTa. TaKoui
npH nOArOTOBKe UHHaHCOBOrO
HcnOAb3yeMbix
paC'ieToB,
OCHOBHbIX
H
KOBpHIXHueHTOB
Ha6op
TepMHHOB,
H
TOAKOBaHHS
CAOBapb
OnpeAeAeHHblH
flOArOTOBHTb
AOA2KHO
ynpaaAeHHe
(DHHaHCOBoe
PYKOBOAHTeAHM XOTH 6bl 3a AeHb. BHyTpeHHHe (3HHaHCOBbie OTMeTbI AOA2KHbI npeAOCTaBARTbCH c TeM, RTo6bI Ka?XAbii yqaCTHHK OAHH AeHb A0 COBeIIaHHH, Ha KOTOpOM OHH o6cy2KAaloTc9, H nOArOTOBHTb CBSI3aHHbie C MaTepHaAOM HMeA B03MO2HOCTb npoaHaAU3UpOBaTb pe3yAbTaTbI OTqeTa BOnpOCbI AAA COBMeCTHOrO o6cy2KAeHHH. (3HHaHCOBOe
Tamte
ynpaBAeHHe
3a
OTBeTCTBeHHbIM
HBAHeTCA
nOArOTOBKy
BHeIUHerO
qHHaHCoBOro oT%ieTa AAA 3aKoHoAaTeAeH,
axKUHOHepOB H AepmaTeAef AOArOBbIX HHCTpyMeHTOB.
rIOCKOAbKy RamAbifi TaKou OTqeT MOmeT
nOTpe6OBaTb yHHKaAbHOCTH noAXOAa H H3AO2KeHHR H,
YHHKaAbHOCTH
CAeAOBaTeAbHO, PYKOBOACTBO
yqpe2AeHuH
(pOpMaTa
AOAmHO
TOAKOBaHHR
H
TepMHHOB
MexaHH3M
pa3pa6oTaTb
H
UHHaHCOBOe
noiHTHU,
COBpeMeHHOCTH
noAAepMaHHS
YPOBHM Tpe6yeMoro OT noAaBaeMoH HH(pOpMaqHH.
YHpa,AeHaecKaHe yyer N OT'JeTHocTh H AENB eMNe NHIVPOPMa0NH YnpaBAeHqeCKHe yqeT H OTmeTHOCTb OTAHmaiOTCA TaKmKe
H
FpemAe
OT
y'eTa,
BCerO,
cuHHaHCOBag
SaKOHOAaTeAbCTBOM
ynpaBAeHHecKHfi
Tpe6yeMoro
CTaBRT
yqeT
B
3aKoHoM
no
OTqeTHOCTb
B
IleHTp
ieHTp
BKAioRqar npoAyKT,
oTAeAeHHR,
pa3AJHHbie Y3aCTKH
H
ceKTopbi
a
KpafiHefi TaK2Ke
BHHMaHHH
BHHMaHHE OTAeAbHbie pbIHKa.
OT
(3HHaHCOBOrO Mepe
Tpe6oBaHH9
npeAnpHHTHe
CTaBHT
KAIOqeBbie
HanpaBAeHRH
Bo-BTOpbIX,
137
B ABYX
B
yereTa H OTqeTHOCTH
COOTBeTCTBHH
B
MeAOM,
TO
B
KOMnOHeHTbi
6H3Heca,
OTHOuieHHaX.
Ba2KHbIX
y'ieTa
BpeMS
a
C KaK
npeAnpHiTrHsi,
copHeHTHpoBaHHb1e
B pa3BHTbIX CTpaHaX,
a
TaxKe
Ha
BO Bce
Y.peilAeHHe pYKoBowCrRa N 6oAbLmeM
o6beMe
3aKOHo0aTeAbCTBY
B
IIoRbrreIHe qyRcTR8reAbHocrH
pa3BHBaaOWHXCR
y-IeT OCHOBb1BaIOTCR
CTpaHax
q3HHaHCOBbIH
H
iziepeme
mar
o6S3aTeAbHbliH
1o
Ha Ha6ope oAo6peHHblx
H YCTORB1UHHXCH npHHMgHnOB, KoTopble onpeAeAHIoT, KaK 6 YAYT OTpa2eHbI B OTqeTHOCTH Onepa1HH H (JHHaHCOBble yCAOBHSI. OTMeTbl me ynpaBAeH'ecKoro y-ieTa He nOAquHHSEOTCH TaKHM npHHIgHnaM, OHH MoryT 6bITb pa3pa6oTaHbI nOAHOCTbIO 'ITo6bI COOTBeTCTBOBaTb (IHAOCO(3HH, IeAAM H noTpe6HocTqM ynpaBAeH-eCKOH
KoMaHAbi.
H poigecc ynpaBAeHscCKoro yqeTa CTaBHT aKieHT Ha AHHaMHKY pocTa AOXOAOB npeAnpHRTH.1 (ytipemAeHHH), T.e. BbIHOCHT BnepeA 3Hat IeHHe H BKAaA nOTpe6HTeAeH (KAHeHToB), npoAyKqHH, oTAeAbHbIX cAym6 H OTAeAeHHH B 'HCTblH AOXOA OT olnepagHH npeAIlpHHTHH. CAeAOBaTeAbHO, ynpaBAeHMeCKHe Heo6xogHMoH
OT'eTHOCTb
AAR
H
yieT
cTpaTerHmecKoro
CyJgeCTBeHHbI
OpraHH3agHH
AAA
HH(PopMaMHH,
nAaHHpoBaHHH,
pa3pa6oTKH 6loA2meTa, pecypcoB, MapKeTHHra H OnpeAeAeHHA geHbl Ha npOAYKMHIO npeAnpHsrrHH.
pacnpeAeAeHHH
YweT garpaT Heo6xoAHMocTb B HH(POpMagHH AA.1 ynpaBAeHHH npeAnpHRTHeM AeHCTByeT KaK KaTaAH3aTop Ha pa3pa6oTKy OT'eTHOCTH o 3aTpaTax B paMKaX (pyHKUHH (pHHaHCOBOrO ynpaBAeHHH. OT'eT 0 3aTpaTax OCTaeTCH AOBOAbHO HOBOH AHCHriLAHHOH AAA (HHaHCOBbIX y1pemAeHHH. B COeAHHeHHbiX IITaTax AO 1978 roAa (CHuTHe peryAHpOBaHHH) OTA4Abl AAH BeAeHHq y4eTa 3aTpaT HMeAHCb AHIUb B 50 BeAYlIHX KOMMep4eCKHX 6aHKax, a HaMHOHaAbHaR AccoMHaSHH 6yxraATepoB
no 6aHKOBCKHM 3aTpaTaM 6bIAa OCHOBaHa AHlllb B
pa3peiueHHafl 3aKOHOAaTeAbCTBOM,
1980
roAy. HlpH6blAbHOCTb,
cbirpaAa 3Ap1O IlYTKY C pYKOBOAHTeAHMH 6aHKoB,
AaB HM TITO HH(PopMaUHA O 3aTpaTax 6aHKa He HBAACTCA Heo6XO4HMOCTbio AAR AOArOCpOMHOH npH6blAbHoCTH HX ype2KAeHHH. KOHKypeHTHaA cpeAa, B03HHKIWaH
BO3MOmHOCTb CqHTaTb,
o6ecneqeHHU cpa3y
me
nocAe
CHUTHH
npaBOBbIX
orpaHH'eHHH,
BCKPbIAa
oi0uH60oHOCTb
aTOrO
npeAno2o2meHHH. OTmeT onepagHHx,
o 3aTpaTax ycAyrax,
HOAC'iHTb[BaeT
npOAYKUHH
OT'IeTHOCTb H ys'eT 3aTpaT, CBOeMy noApa3AeAeHHIO,
HAH
nepeMeHHbie (IYHKWUSx
H
6aHK MOmeT pacnpeAeAmTb
BHAy npOAyKUHH
nOCTOAHHbIC
6aHKOBCKOH
3aTpaTbl
AeHTeAbHOCTH.
B
BeAH CTpOryio
onepaUHoHHble 3aTpaTmi
H rpeAoCTaBAAeMbix ycAyr,
6aHKoBcKHx
no Kam2AOMy
HCnOAb3yR AH60 MeToA
HOpMaTHBHbIX 3aTpaT AH6o MeTOA (paKTHmeCKHX 3aTpaT. MeToAHKa y'eTa qpaKTHqeCKHX 3aTpaT pacnpeAeAHeT BCe onepagHOHHbie 3aTpaTbJ AaHHoro noApa3AeAeHHR. HOPMaTHBHaR me MeTOAHKa ysHTbIBaeT AHlIIb Te 3aTpaTbl, KOTOpbie AOA2Hbi 6blTb nOHeceHbl, HCXOAR H3 nAaHHpyemoro HAH pa3yMHo-npeAnoAaraeMoro YPOBHH o6beMa onepaUHH. (AaHHbIe
o6
npeAOCTaBAReMbix peHTa6eAbHoCTH.
y'ieTe
3aTpaT
ycAyr
(npOAyKgiHH)
OCHOBHbIMH
Heo6xoAHMbi HAH
CAO0HOCTHMH
Ha
AAM
oripeAeAeHHR
KamAoro
B AaHHOM
3aTpaT
Ha
CHCTeMe
oupeAeAeHHR
B (HHaHCOBOM
y'pemAeHHH
KAHeHTa
npogecce
B
eAHHHUY
CAeAyeT CMHTaTb: * *
HeAOCTaTOK onbITa H 3HaHHH B o6AacTH TeXHHKH onpeAeAeHHH 3aTpaT; COnPOTHBAeHHe BHyTPH OpraHH3aiHH CTporoMy y'ieTy 3aTpaT;
*
OTCyTCTBHe
3aHHTepecOBaHHOCTH
y
pyKOBOACTBa
BCeOXBaTbIBaIOljeH KOHHenUHH yqeTa 3aTpaT;
138
B
pa3pa6oTKe
MIHpOKOH
H
YHpavuAeHne IHHaHcaMr
*
OnepagHOHHbie
CHCTeMbi,
onpeAeAeHHS
H
o6ibeMa
H
xapaKTepa
pacnpeAeAeHH
YHKUOHaAbHoro
AAR
AaHHbIe
HeO6XOAHMble
He o6ecneIHBalOT
KOTOpbie
AeCSreAbHOCTH CAy2m6 H nOApa3AeAeHHH. BCeC ynpaBAeHqecKOii CIHHaHCOBOe PYKOBOACTBO AOA2KHO pa6oTaTb B TeCHOM KOHTaKTe CO 'ieTKO OnpeAeAHTb KoMaHAoH AAR TorO, qTO6bi n1peOAOAeTb 3TH nlpenlHTCTBHH H AOA2KHO nPeAnlpHHTHH. AOCTaTO4HaS
peHTa6eAbHOCTH (npH6bIAbHOCTH)
80
Ao
90
aHaAH3a
AAA
Heo6xOAHMOro
(y-ieTa),
OTTeTHOCTH
noApo6HOCTH
H
TOMHOCTH
CTeneHb
H pa3yMHaH mepa TOMHOCTH ( OT
MOmKeT 6bITb co6AioAeHa B 6oAbmUHHcTBe y'pe2KAeHHf 6e3 KaKHx-AH6o 6 blTb AOpOrOCTOHU4HX 3aTpaT. YnpaBAeHHe npoileccom yseTa TaK2me MO2meT
npoUeHToB)
AOnOAHHTeAbHb1X
CTpaTerH'ieCKHX
aqI(PeKTHBHOCTH
onpeAeAeHUH
AAR
HCnOAb3OBaHO
HanpaaAeHHH
H
peuieHHH
nOApasAeAeHHN. KOMnaHHH B OTHOINeHHH OTACAbHblX BHAOB llpOOAYKHH HAH OTAeAbHbIX OCupelXeAeoHe IpN6bIAbHOCTII nOAHaH
H
LUHPOKaH
6aHKa C HecKOAbKHX
peHTa6eAbHocTb
npoaHaAH3HPOBaTb
KoTopa.R no3BoAHeT onpeAeAHTb
oTAeAeHHH,
CTOHMOCTb H a8pXeKTHBHOCTb
Ka2KAOrO BHAa npOAYK%HH HAH ycAyr B o6ulHii
CpaBHHTeAbHbliH
npH6blAH noKa3biBaeT
nOAyqeHHS
AoxOA
BO3MO2HOCTb
AaeT
TOMeK 3peHHR: perra6eAbHocTb
BKAaA
PeHTa6eAbHocTb geHTpoB
OT onepagRH.
BKAaA Ka2tAOH
ero
pa6OTbl CHCTeMb1
npOAyKTa onpeAeAAeT
(6aHKa); peHTa6eAbHOCTb
npoAyKUHH KOMnaHHH
pacnpeAeAeHHs
y'eTOM
6yxraATepCKHM
ynpaBAeHHS
CHCTeMa
qyHKUHOHaAbHOH
eAHHHUbI;
KAHeHTOB AeAaeT ynOp Ha BKAaA Kam2Aoro KAHeHTa B o6ue KamAbii U13 8THX OTmeTOB no peHTa6eAbHOCTK noAmepKHBaeT sHaqeHHe H OTpa2aeT HCTO'HHKH nocTynAeHHR AeHe2Hb1X peHTa6eAbHOcTH
peHTa6eAbHOcTb o6cAyUHBarnHuH AOXOAbI npeAnpHRTHR. acneKToB
pa3AHqHbIX CpeACTB,
3aTpaT
qpOHAbI
H npHeMbi,
onpeAeAHioquie
CTOHMOCTb
OnepajHfH
no BHyTpeHHeMy
nepeBoAy Cpe4CTB. 3
CneiH4PH'1eCKHe
TH
BapbHpOBaTbcH,
3HaqUTeAbHO
cAeAyioJ1He CTaAHH pa3BHTHR
1.
Cra 4 mH
HO 6oAbuiaH
npH
AeAHTCH
CocTaBAHeTcH
npMoMi
'aCTb
(pHHaHCOBb1X
yqeTa
CHCTeMbi
H
ynlpaBAeHHS
yxipe2rAeHH f nPOXOAHT
MOryT Repe3
onpeAeAeHHH YPOBHR peHTa6eAbHOCTH:
OTBETCTBEHHOCTH
IIEHTPbI
OpraHH3aUHR
CHCTeMbi
XapaKTePHCTHKH
Ha
ynpaBAeHmecKHe
cnHCOK
61oA2KeTHb1x
eAHHHUbI CTaTeHi
AAA
3aTpaT
H
3ATPAT.
UEHTPbl
UAH
nAaHHpOBaHHA.
yAo6CTBa AOXOAOB,
Ha
HO
AaHHOM
BblAeAAeTCfl. HanpHMep, opraHH3aMHOHHOM YPOBHe HHKaKHX npfHMbiX 3aTpaT HAIH paCXOAOB He 3alHcblBalOTCH 3a aTHM pacxOAbI Ha 3apa6oTHyIo nAaTy OTAeAa no BblAa1 e CCyA (Kpe4AToB) 3anHCbiBaeTCH 3a OTAeAOM, AOXOAbi OT npoUeHTos no 3aiUMaM Ha HeABH2KHMOCTb (HnoTeKe) OTAeAOM KaApOB. HnOTeqHb1M OTAeAOM, a HaAorH Ha 3apa6oTHyio nAaTy 3anHCblBaioTcR 3a 3
Ta CTaAHR ynpaBAeHiecKoro
AOXOAOB
H paCXOAOB,
pe3yAbTaToM npHImMbix AeiCTBHu
CT4mHR 2. UEHTPbI 3anHcb1BaTb
6 npH bIAH.
3
Ha
BeAeT K COBeplCeIHCTBOBaHHIO
HO He npeAAaraeT AeHCTBeHHbIX
peHTa6eAbHOCTH, noToMy 'TO
npaBo
yxeTa
nOCAeAHS1
mep no COBeplueHCTBOBaHHIO
YPOBHR
CTPOKa B OT'ICTe Ka.KA0rO TaKOrO geHTpa He RBAReTcA
pyKOBOACTBa.
FIOAY1 IEHH
CBOHI
KOHTPOAH1 no CTaTbHM
CmeT
IHPHBbIAH.
UeHTpbl
noAy'iaeMble AOXOAbl HBARIOTCR
3aTpaT, KoTopbIe HMerot H UeHTpaMH
aTpaTbi IUAH paCXOAbI ApyrHX jjeHTpOB, TaKHX KaK UeHTp OnepagUH
139
nOAy'eHHR
no KpeAJHTaM,
Yx peiTAeHHe pYWOBO,fMTa
HAH
o6uHx
MeHTp
KaApOB,
OTHOCHT
noAyqeHHH
(HaKAAaHbIX)
3aTpaT,
KaKHM-AH6o
ge!ITpaM
npH6blAH
AAA
OTHOCHT
BCero
Bb!Aaxie
KaK
(T.e.
OTAeAa
Ha
AaHHbiX
3aTpaT
npeAblAygJHH
OTHOCHTCH
3aTpaTbi
npH6blAbHbie
q)OHAOB,
IjeAblo
coBMeCTHbIX
HpoAOAmKafl
KpeAHTOB
BpeMR
KOTOpblM
MOm2tHO
noAy'ieHHR
CTOHMOCTb
ype2KAeHHH.
ieHTpaAH3oBaHHbIMH y'pelKAeHHe.
K
AK1CepeMeCaM
OTHeCTH,
npH6bIAH. KOTOpble
HanpHMep,
KpoMe
Ha
UeHTpbb
AaHHbliH
geHTp.
Toro,
HCnOAb3yeT
OTAeA
B DTHX aCCHrHOBaHHHX o6bIqHO RBAHeTCH TOAqKOM K paspa6oTKe npogecca
Heo6xOAHMOCTb yieTa
K
N H J1MlIeHHe qBCTNHTeAHObCTH
C
6
KaAPOB
He npoH3BoAHiHue
o6beMoM
npHMep,
KamAbIH
a
COnOCTaBAeHHe
nocTynaemblx
B
CKa3aTb,
qTO
oTAeAa
noAy'eHHR
OTHeCeHbI
BbIpytKH)
RBAqeTCH
CpeACTB,
MO2HO
geHTP
yAyT
aCCHrHOBaHHH
Ha
TaKme
3aTpaTbl
npH6bIAH,
BCe Ha
1eHTbi
no -
oTAeAbi,
AaHHoe no
KpeAHTaM,
B
TO
npH6blAbHbie
H
He
cBH3aHHbie
TOAbKO
C
HaKAaAHbJMH pacxOAaMH. IHOCKOAbKy HeKoTopbie nOAPasAeAeHHff HBAHIOTCH HCKAIO'IHTeAbHo a ApyrHe
- HCKAIOqHTCAbHO
MexaHH3MOB
pa3pa6OTKH
npemAe
acero
MaprHHaAbHoH
AOA2KHO
nOCTaBUgHKaMH CpeACTB, q)HHaHCHCTbl
nepeBoAa cpeACTB pa3pa6oTaTb geAH
peHTa6eAbHocTH
o6ecnemeHHe
H
HCTOpHMecKoH
ynpaBAeHHH
npogeccOB
BHyTpH
ICBY.
aKTHBaMH
nOAb3OBaTeARMH CpeACTB,
geHTpOB npH6blAH Tpe6yloT
(TICBY).
yqpe2KAeHH1 3
Ta MeAb MomKeT
PYKOBOACTBO
BKAio4aTb
(BO
BpeMeHH)
peHTa6eAbHoCTH
H
npOgecCaMH
onpeAeAeHHH
H3MepeHHe a
TaKme
Ha
BeHbI
npOAyKgHio.
Ha
BTOpOH
CTaAHH
PYKOBOACTBO
AOA2KHO
TaK2Qe
Bbi6paTb
COOTBeTCTBYIOIMO
MeToAHKy
nepeBoAa CpeACTB. HHme nepeIiHCAHiOTCH HaH6oAee qacTo flpHMeHReMble npHeMbi: *
CpeAHHe 3aTpaTbi, OCHOBaHHbie Ha Heo6xOAHMbIX 3aTpaTax no ynAaTe npogeHTOB;
*
MaprHHaAbHble
*
ConocTaBAeHHe CpOKOB AeHCTBHH (pHHaHCOBbIX AOKyMeHTOB,
3aTpaTbi, OCHOBaHHblC Ha pbIHO'IHbIX CTaBKaX; OCHOBaHHOe
Ha CpOKaX
AeHCTBHR aKTHBOB H KpHBOH AOXOAHOCTH; *
EAHHbli
nyA,
B
KOTOpOM
Bce
o6H3aTeAbcTBa
paccmaTpHBalOTCH
KaK
eAHHblH
HecKOAbKo
rpynn
HCTO'IHHK CpeACTB AAR (PHHaHCHpOBaHHq aKTHBOB;
*
AHBepCHIHUHPOBaHHbIH o6s3aTeAbcTB,
nyA,
B
KOTOpOM
o6pa3oBaHO
COOTHeceHHbIX C pa3AH4Hb"MH rpynnaMH aKTHBOB,
B COOTBeTCTBHH CO
cpoKaMH AeeHCTBHq HAH xapaKTePHCTHKaMH HM3eHeHHH geHb1. H.36paHHaa
MeTO4OAOrHH
HCnOAb3OBaHHIO 3aTpaT
OT"eTHOCTH
nOAXOAHT
npeAeAbHblx
6yAynjeii
nepeBoAa
AAR
AOA2KHa
UeHTpOB npH6bIAH.
aHaAH3a
(HAH TeKyqHX)
npH6blAbHocTH.
CpeACTB
HanpHMep,
HCTOpHqecKoH
3aTpaT
rAaaBa 2,
COOTBeTCTBOBaTb
npH6blAH,
peKoMeHAyeTcR
nOCBHJLCeHHaf
npeAnoAaraemomy
HcnOAbI3OBaHHe
O4HaKo,
noAxoA
HCnOAb3OBaTb AAA
riAaHHPOBaHH1O
MeTOAa C
CpeAHHX
TO'qKH
3peHHH
OBeHKH TeKyigeH
rIOAHOCTbIO
OCBeujae
HAH aTy
KOHIenUHIO. MeTOA
eAHHoro
riyAa
npOCT
H AerOK
HHq3opMagH1o o6 HCTHHHOM HCToqHHKe
B
HCnOAb3OBaHHH,
MeTOAa eAHHOrO nyAa Bce aKTHBbI paCCMaTpHBalOTCR, TO
llpH 6 blAb
HanpaMep,
aKTHBOB
HAH
y6blTOK
OT
npoMeHTHoro
pHCKa
eCAH cpeAHHH CpOK onpeAeAeHHoro
B MeHTpe
npH6blAH
Ho
cnoco6eH
AaTb
HCTOqHylo
npH6blAbHocTH oTAeAa. rOCKOAbKy npH HcnOAb3OBaHHH KaK HMeiOJIJHe eAHHbie CpOKH noramleHHs, aBToMaTH'ecKH
npHnHcbiBa1OTcH
nopTcJeAH o6xsaTeAbCTB
KpeAHTOBaHHe HeABH2KHMOCTH
140
-
5
AeT,
2
oTAeAy.
roAa, a CpOtHOCTb
TO
PHHaHcHpOBaHHe
Ynpapmeire ImNaNrcaCja npH
orepa1iHH
H Hao6opoT,
HpH6blAbHOcTb l;eHTpa.
6yAeT
pa3AyBaTb
npH HeraTHBHOi KpHBOH 6yAeT Ha6AiOAaTbcH
o6paTHblJ
AOXOAHOCTH
KpHBOH
nOAOMHTeAbHOfi
pblHKe
Ha
HaAH'HH
eq4eKT.
nyAa YCTpaHReT nOrpCIIHOCTH eAHHOrO nyAa, T.K. Mo2mHO
MeToA AHBePCHFHUHPOBaHHOrO
npHHHMaeT
KOTOpbie
qpHHaHCHpOBaHHH,
0
peCIeHHH
BO3AeHCTBH,
H30AHpyCT
3TOT McTOA
CO CXOAHbIMH CpOKaMH.
CpaBHHBaTb aKTHBbl geHTpOB npH6blAH C o6a3aTeAbcTBaMH
Ka3HaeieHCKHH
OTAeA.
'lTo6bi
cpe4cTBa.
HcnOAb3OBaHHbie
HAH
npCAOCTaBAeHHb!C
HeTTo
nOACqHTaTb
6blAO
MO2KHo
oTAeAy TaKHM o6pa3oM,
Kam2AoMy
npHnHCb]BaTb
Heo6xOAHMO
o6R3aTeAbcTBa
H
AKTHBbl
OnepaTHBHa5i CHCTeMa 6aHKa AOA2KHa 6bITb B COCTOHHHH co6paTb Heo6XOAHMyIO HH¢opMaa H o.
MHorHe
OTMeT
npH6blAH. geHTPOB
6
H3MepeHHH
noqeMy
CAO2KHaH
CaMaH
He
npH6blAbHOCTH
OHa He o6bcCHseT,
T.K.
npH6blAbHOCTH,
MeHTpa
OTMeT
HO
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH,
oTqeT
Mic
6aHK,
Ha
BsrAqA
AaeT 6oAee AHHaMHqHbIH
npH bIAH
UeHTpa
,eHTpbl
HCnOAb3yAS
(3HAHaAOB,
npH6bIAbHOCTb
H3MCpHIOT
HHCTHTyTbl
qpHHaHCOBbie
CHCTcMa
lpH6blAH rIpH6blAeH
UeHTp
HAH
HeT.
bPHBbIAbHOCTb HPOAYKTOB.
3.
CTaAHH
t
npOAyrTOB
npH6bIAbHOCTH
y leTa
CHCTcMa
npH6bIAbHOCTH,
ynpaBAeHHIO
geHTpaM
no
y'qeTa
CHCTCMbi
OT
OTXOA
PaAHKaAbHbIii
npOAyKTOB.
llpH6bIAbHOCTbiO
K rAy6oKoMy aHaAHsy o6blqHo,
H,
aHaAH3y
K
npHBOAHT
npH6bIAH
I;CHTpOB
npH6blAbHOCTH
CTpeMAeHHe
opraHH3aUHOHHOH
Tpe6yeT
nepeCTpOHKH no paBHOBHAHOcTHM npOAyKTOB H o61uHpHoH nepcnOArOTOBKH ynpaBAeHHH. 6 npOAYKTOB OTHOCHT npH blAb He Ha MeHTpbI npH6bIAH, a Ha
CHCTeMa y'eTa npH6blAbHocTH
ytipemAeHHH.
HIoAcqeT
npH6bIAbHOcTH
OnepaUHOHHbie
H3Aepm2KH ,eHTpOB
pa3HOBHAHOCTb
CHCTeMbI Tpe6yeT
pa3MeigeHH,
CTpaTerHH
Tpe6yeT,
npOAYKTOB
6bIAH
ypeCMAeHHR,
paCXOAOB
HaKAaAHbIX
MOryT 6blTb KpeAHTbi,
npoAyKTaMH
3THMH
rpoAyKTbi
OTHeCCHbi
CTpaTerHH pa3MeCUeHHR
npHHHTOH npH
CHCTeMe 11eHTpOB
A[a2Ke
npOAyKTaM.
K OnpeAeAeHHblM
npOAyKTaM.
OnpeAeAeHHbiM
npH6bIAH npHcBaHBaioTcC
HCKAIOtieHHeM
3a
paCXOAbI,
BCe
'To6bl
ycAyrH.
HAH
AenO3HTbI
3
Ta
KOTOpaH oTAHqtaTCH OT
pacXOAOB, 6
npH blAH.
FoaTOMy OTAeA yieTa
pacxoAoB AOAmeH pa3pa6oTaTb HOBbie MeTOAbI H3MepeHHH H nepesoAa saTpaT no npoAyKTaM. HaKAaAHbxe
pacXO4bI
nOApa3AeAeHH.RM,
TaKOH
BOA4eHCTBHe 6
pacxoAbi,
PyKOBOAHTeAH
npOAYKTHbix
3alacTyI0
yugep6
B
rpynn
BO3HHKalOT
npH6blAbHOCTb
HIOBTOMy
TaKoH
He MeHSR
nO
He
He
npH6blAbHOCTH.
npOAyKTaMH,
KOMnOHeHTOB
BO.3MO2KHOCTH
npHmHHaM,
npOAyKTOB
He AOA2KHbl
TOAbrO
/,ame
eCAH
OTBeTCTBeHHbie
sa
MHorO BpeMeHH H CHA Ha cnopbI 0 TOM, KaK
aHaAH3y HMeIOT
MeC2Ay
q)yHKUHOHaAbHbIM
ayAHTa,
6yAeT 3aTparHBaTbCf
npaKTHKe
OTHOCHTeAbHOM
HeHTpaAbHbIM
6yAeT
npaKTHKH
nlpH
yAyT TpaTHTb Henponop%HOHaAbHO
PaCnpeACAHTb
KOTOpbie
npOAyKTaM.
npH6blAbHOCTb npOAyKTOB,
a6coAloTHasi
K TaKHM
KOTOpbIe OTHOCHTCS
TaKHe
oTAeAbi y'eTa, KaAPOB H BHyTpeHHero
KaK ynpaBAeHHe,
OTAeAbHbIM
npHCBaHBaTbCS
npoAyKTbi
1
y pe2tAeHHH,
He
npH6bIAbHOCTH
KOHTPOAHPOBaTb
CBH3aHHbIM
C
npOAyKTaMH
oTTHroijeHa
AOA2Ha
6blTb
KOHTOpbl
OTpa2KalOTC3
npoAyKToB. aTH
paCXOAbI,
y'pemAeHHR.
geHTpaAHWBaHHbIMH
paCxOAaMH. TeM
He
MeHee,
HaKAaAHbie
HaKAaAHbIX pacxoAoB B CHCTeMe
paCXOAbi
B
oco6oM
noApa3AeAeHHH
yqeTa npH6blAbHOCTH npoAyKToB. O6u4aH cyMMa pacXOAOB no
141
YKpeCAeHNe STHM
pyKO8BOCTrw
noApa3AeAeNHHM
nOCKOAbKy BTH UPOAYKTOB
6blTb
AOA2KHa
qpaKTHqecKHe
H ycAyr.
H IoBJreoHe 8yzCTBNTeAbHOcTH
BKA1o-ieHa
pacXOAbl AOA2KHbi
ECAH,
qjiOpMyAy
B
6blTb OKynAeHbl
HanpHMep,
COOTHOui1eHHe
npOAYlKTOB
AaeT
K ,iepememaa
noAcneTa
npOAyKTa,
MeHbi
wepe.3 npoAa2y 6aHKoBciuIx
HaKAaAHb!X
paCXOAOB yqpemAeHHHR no o6U4HM pacxoAam COCTaBAJeT 15%, TO Bce qEIaKTopbi paCxOAOB, BKAoIoeHHbae B qFOpMyAy OrpeAeAeHHR geHbi npoAyKTa AOA2Hbi 6blTb yBeAHqeHbl Ha 15%. TaKoii noAxoA o6ecnerqHT AOCTaTO'HyIO npH6blAbHOCTb AAA nOOKPbITHR HaKAaAHblX pacXOAOB yqpe?AeHHH. OTHOIueHHIO K
HSMmepeHHe npogecce
npH6blAbHOCTH
npHHHTHH
pewueHHi
0
CTpyKType
PYKOBOACTBY
HH(pOpMagHio,
npOAyKTOB,
Heo6xoAHMyIO
pa3MeUgeHHH
jeHax,
B
PeCYPCOB
H
CTpaTerH'eCKOM rAaHHpOBaHHH.
CTaAHH 4. IHPHBbIAbHOCTb BaeTCH
Ha
OCHOBe
CHCTCMbi
KAHIEHTOB.
npOAYKTOB
-
HlpH6blAbHOCTb
npH6bIAbHOCTb
KAHeHOB nOACqHTbl-
eAHHHUbI
Ka2K4Aoro
npoAyKTa
YMHO2KaeTCH Ha 'qHCAO FIPOAaHHbIX AaHHOMY KOHKpeTHOMY KAHeHTy eAHHHU.
HaH6oAee
npOABHHyTbie
ynpaBAeHqecKHx
yHpe2KAeHHH
oTqeTOB AAH
aHaAH3a
HcnOAb3ylOT
nPH6bIAbHOcTH,
CMeCb
BCeX
rpoBeAeHHHR
'eTbipex
(pOpM
nAaHHpoBaHHn,
ogeHKH pe3yAbTaTOB AeHTCAbHOCTH AAR OnpeAeACHHH nOOuAAHHH H npeMHH H 4.H rpaBHAbHOH O!lHKH CBOHX npOAyKTOB.
IIocKoAbKy
o6
OTqeTbI
ynpaBAeHH
3aTpaTax
H
COAep2KaT
HHq)OpMaUHIo
o
pacxoAax
nOApa3AeAeHHH, HeTTO ripogeHTHOM cnpeAe npOAYKTOB HAH noApasAeAeHHfi, pa3maxe oriepauHH H OrpaHH'eHHH Ha HX o6beM, (PHHaHCOBOe ynpaBAeHHe HrpaeT KAIoIeByio pOAb B OnpeAcAeHHH MeHbi 6aHKOBCKHX npOAYKTOB. OnpeAeAeHHe MeHb1 CTaHOBHTCH TpyAHoH 3aAaqei B AeperyAHpyeMoH
cpeAe,
KOrAa
KOHKypeHTbl
HCnOAb3yHOT
leHoo6pa3oBaHHH AAHi saxBaTa 6oAbmeiiH AOAH pblHKa.
3
pa3AH9Hbie
MeTOAHKH
TH MeTOAHKH MOryT BKAio'aTb:
*
KoTopbie o6bIiHO npoAalOTCA B Ka'ecTBe naKeTa ycAyr KAHeHTaM - HanpHMep, yCAyrH no ynpaBAeHHio HaAH'IHOCTbJO AAA KOP1IOPaTHBHb1X KAHeHTOB, KOTOpbie HHOrAa Ha3blBa1oTCR pa3MOTKa.
*
CBH13bIBaHHe
YcTaHOBAeHHe
oTAeAbHbIX
paHeee
eAHHOH geHOH KAHeHTOB,
-
MeH Ha
OTAeAbHO
HanpHMep,
B KOTOpOM
npoAyKTbl,
npOAaBaBUIHXCH
npOAYKTOB
CO3AaHHe AenO3HTHoro
onepagHH
ileKaMH,
C
B
HOBbli
npOAyKT
C
KAy6a AAR HHAHBH4YaAbHbIX
KpeAHTHbIMH
KaPTOqXaMH
H
qeKaMH
nyeTUleCTBeHHHKOB npOBOA.TC3[ 3a 0AHy nAaTy. *
HlpeAAo2KeHHe
CTaBOK
HH2me
pbIHO'HbJX
no
KpeAHTaM
H BbHue
pbiHOqHbiX
no
AenO3HTaM.
*
CHHTHe BCHKOH nAaTbI 3a raKoH-AH6o npO4YKT Ha HeonpeAeAeHHoe BpeMR.
411AToro, qTo 6 bi 6blTb B COCTOHHHH sq4peKTHBHO OTBe4aTb Ha npHMeHHeHHe BTHX TaKTHK Heo6xoAHMa
TeKyKYa.
CAeAyeT
ypaBHHTb
AH
OCHOBblBaTbCH npH6blAbHOcTH
npeHMylgeCTB
TOqHaM CBOIO
Ha aHaAH3e 6aHK, B
TO'eKC
BeAeHHH
HH(POpMaUHR
MeHy
C
o
pacxoAax
UeHOH
KOHKIypeHTa
OTHoCHTeAbHoH0 AOAH paBHOAeHCTBHRH
onepagHH.
H
npOAyKTa,
ynpaBAeHHH. HAH
PeuleHHe
npeBbICHTb
Haxo<Au;erocH
npoAyKTa H CyUeCTB3lJIHX
HymHo
I&eHoo6pa3OBaHHe
H36eraTb
BKOHOMHqeCKH
noA
ee,
o
TOM,
AOA2KHO
yrpo3oH,
B
orpaHHmeHHH
H
Heo6ocHoBaHHOro
lpOAYKTOB B TeCeHHH AAHTeAbHoro BpeMeHH, n1OTOMY -ITO paCXOAbl Ha coxpaHeHHe TeKyugeH AOAH Ha pbIHKe B AeperyAHpyeMOH cpeAe MoryT He OKYnHTb ce6a B 6yAyiMeM.
142
YHpaeHNe @oHancawear LeHbl AAR KamAOH
CDHHaHCOBOC ynpaBAeHHe AOA2KHO pa3BHBaTb MeTOAOAorHIO OnpCACACHHH
KpynHOiH
H
aHaAH3,
cpoKaM)
no
COrAaCOBaHHOCTH
H
KpCAHTa
yCTpOHCTBO
6
npOgeHTHbie CTaBKH AOA2fHbI
pHCK 3aeMIIHKa,
3aAaHHorO AOxoAa
Ha
no aKTHBaM
ITO
HCTOMHHKOB
aAbTepHaTHBHbIX
pacxoA
npOgeHTHblI
HAH PaCXOAbi nO
Ha AeHe?KHOM pbIHKe)
3aHMCTBOBaHHM
(HanpHMep,
yKa3bIBaTb,
AOA2KHa
IpOAYKTbI
TaKHM o6pa3oM, 'ITo6bi peaAbHbIe CTaBKH no
blTb YCTaHOBAeHbI
peaAbHblI
npeBbIlUaAAH
cpHHaHCHpOBaHHH
PaCXOAOB H
TaKmoe
6yAeT
UeHa
BeeHHIO.
6aHKa, OTpaŽKaa KpeAHTHblI
Ae4O3HTHb!e
Ha
AeHbl
OnpeAeAeHHH
He
TeKyUJHe
pacxoAOB,
ero
KpeAHTHbIH
KaK
TaKHX,
cpeAcTBa.
HeTTrO-HCnOAb3oBaHHbie
Aeio3HTaM
pacxOAbI no
HaKAaAHbIX
KOpnfOpaTHBHbIX
MeTOAHKa
oncpagHOHHbIX
Bcex
qIHHaHCHjpOBaHHH
BKAIOMaTb cnpeA HaA CTaBKOH Cn1HCaHHe 'aCTH
H
3aTpaT
MeTOAOM npCAeAbHbJX
nOKpblBaTb CTOHMOCTb CPeACTB (noAb3yacb
no KpeAHTY AOA2tHbI
CTaBKa H BO3Harpam2AeHHC
xiTO fnpOCHTHaH
OnpCACACHHM 1ACHbl Ha KpCAHT AOAHiHa yKa3bIBaTb,
MeTOAOAorHM
HanpHMep,
noCTOHHCTBOM.
o6AaAaiolgylo
npOAyKTOB,
rpynnbi
BeAeHHIO
6 Aeno3HTHoro cqeTa 3a BblPeTOM Alo orO KOMHCCHOHHOrO AOXOAa, UOAYMCHHoro no STOMY C'ieTy.
ITo6bi HIPOUeHTHbie CTaBKH no A4nO3HTaM AOA2tHbI 6bITb TaK2me YCTaHOBAeHbI TaKHM o6pa3OM,
nepe3
MaCTb KOpnOpaTHBHbIX
HHX BOCCTaHaBAHBaAaCb
HaKAaAHbIX pacxoAOB.
H KaK yKa3blBaAOCb paHee, qeTKaM uqaceKTHBHaM
IeHbI B AIo6oM
MCTOAHKa onpeAeAeHeHw
6aHKOBCKOM yMpe2KAeHHH 3aBHCHT OT AOCTynIHOCTH H TOMHOCTH HHcpOpMagHH
o6
ynpaBAeHHH H
pacxoAax B pyKax (pHHaHCOBorO pyKOBOACTBa.
I @PNNaHCOBMN y"eT H
pacXOAOB,
H
AOXOAOB
o6s3aTeAbcTB,
TOAbKO
HCTOpHMeCKyiO
CTOHMOCTb
npeAocTaBARTe
HeAOCTaTo9HblI
o63op
oTpa2maiougaA
HH(pOpMagUH,
YMeTHaR
oEoNYomiecitaH peaAbHOCT1I aKTHBOB,
pHcKa
YPOBHR
AAA 6aHKa. Heo6xoAHMo OUeHHBaTb TeKyu,yIo pbIHOMHYIO CTOHMOCTb aKTHBOB H o6M3aTeAbcTB AOCTaTO9HOCTH KOHTpOAH AHKBHAHOrO, npOgCHTHOrO, BHe6aAaHcoBoro pHCKOB, a TaKmae pHCKa KanHTaAa.
6yAyT paBHbl ee pbIHO'iHOH CTOHMOCTH.
6yxraATepcKoii. CBoero
, KOTOpaH MO2KeT 6blTb BbIwle HAH HHme
noKa3aTeAb npOAOA2KHTeAbHOCTH
KpoMe Toro, eCAH 6aHK xoqeT nOAc4HTaTb
nOpTq'eAR
TO
o6a3aTeAbCTB,
H
aKTHBOB
6yMary 4AM
TO CpeACTBa, fOAy3MeHHbie
Toro, MTo6bI nOKpblTb Bo3pocllHue noTpe6HocTH B qHHaHCHpOBaHHH, OT npoAaIKH,
,eHHyIO
npOAaTb HHBeCTHUHOHHYIO
CCAH 6aHK co6HpaeTcs
HanpHMep,
ynpaBAeHHe
q3HHaHCOBOe
6blTb
B
aKTHBOB
H
AOA2KHO
COCTOHHHH npeAOCTaBHTb TeKy%He pbIHOMHbie CTOHMOCTH nOpTcjeAeH.
TeKyu4aR o6a3aTeAbcTB
CTOHMOCTb,
PbIHO9HaR AerKO
H3BeCTHa.
AOCTynHa AAsM IapOKorO Kpyra
aKTHBHO TOpryKOT Ha MHpOBbIX cpHHaHCOBbIX pbIHKaX.
o6paugalouJHMHca AHKBHAHOCTH pHCKOBbIX KpeAHTOB
pbIHKe
Ha
a4TI
HHCTpyMeHTaMH,
CTpaHaM MoryT
H
(HatHHaa
TaK
AaBaTb
OT
BbIKynla
oTRroUeHHbIM pa3yMHylo
143
aKTHBHO
TeKyigeH
KOTOpbIMH
OgeHKH aKTHBOB H BOCnOAb3OBaTbCM
MO2KHO
geHa
HanpHMep,
PYKOBOACTBOM
npOeKTOB HAH KpeAHTOB pa3BHTIH B nOpTq(eAe 6aHKa.
pbIHKy,
HHCTpyMeHTOB,
KpeAHTOcnoco6HocTb,
AoAroM)
oUeHKY
no
npH6AHH3TeAbHOH
KOTOpbIX moryT CAy32HTb OCHOBOH cpaBHeHHM.
HHCTpyMeHTOB
HHCTpYMeHTbI
(IHHaHCOBbIX
npoH3BOAHTCR
He
KOTOpbIMH
TOproBAR
o6H3aTeAbcTB,
y'eT
KaK
TaK2Ke
KOMnaHHH o6paIZaIOTCM
pbIHOqHOH
H
noKa3aTeAH
geAbIH pRA BbICOKO B
c'eT B
CTOHMOCTH
4OAra H
MHpe.
aTH
pa.3AHqHbIX
YxpeeiAeHe pymoBowmaC R HeKoTopble npOMbIULAeHHO
B
CTOHMOCTH.
Ho IOuhreureIf VqlBrHeAbHoTTOCTE ir lepeMeHaM
pa3BHTble CTpaHbI
CoeAHHeHHbXX
LUTaTaX
paCTeT
npH3HaAH nOAeC3HOCTb y'ieTa no pbiHOq'HOH ABH2KeHHe
B CTOPOHY npH3HaHHR y"eTa no pbIHKy, MTO CAeAyeT H3 3aHBAeHHH KOMHCCHH no cTaHAapTaM (pHHaHcoBoro y'eTa, a TaKme Hs npeCAAOmeHHb1X H3MeHeHHH B Tpe6oBaHHHx opraoiB peryAHpOBaHHH no yneTy.
4Ba cpaKTOpa
nOOu4pIioT pa3BHTHe
TeHAeHgHH.
aTOH
HlepBblH
-
aTo pacunHpsiiou.aac
HHTepHagHoHaAH3aiHH (pHHaHCOBbIX ycAyr.
ro mepe
CBOHX onepaLHH,
PbJHO'iHaR CTOHMOCTb AAR alHaAH.3a noTeHUHaAbHbiX
HM Tpe6yeTcH
TCKyu4aH
TOrO, KaK y'pe2KAeHHe pac1HPReT pasmax
npHo6peTeHHH
H OgeHKH (pHHaHCOBOH AeHTeAbHOCTH cpHAHaAOB, pa6oTaioujHx B pa3HbiX CTpaHax. Y4eT Ho pbIHKy ycTpaHsieT Heo6xoAHMOcTb nepeBoAa MHoro'IHCAeHHbIX CHCTeM y"eTa no pacxoAaM B eAHHy3W cHcTeMy. BTopoii (paKTOp COCTOHT B TOM, qTO eCAH PYKOBOACTBO AAA OBeHKH
H KOHTpOAH
pHCKOB,
HCnOAb3yeT PbIHO'IHYIO CTOHMOCTb
OHO AOA21HO AOKAaAbIBaTb
o6 aTOM CBOHM aK1HOHepaM c TeM, nTo6bi OHH MOrAH npoaHaAH3HPOBaTb COOTHOI11eHHe 3aTpaT H BblrOAbi no BAo2KeHHIO AeHer B OTO y'lpe2KAeHHe. IlpaBAa, nepeA aTHM Hy?KHO npOBeCTH HHTeHCHBHYIO o6pa3OBaTeAbHyIO nporpaMMy, KOTOpaH 6 bM noMorAa aKUHoHepam H opraHaM HaA3opa CHHTepnpeTHpoBaTb H3MeHeHH.q
CTOHMOCTH
aKgHHH,
KOTOpbIe
MoryT
HATH
B
pa3pe3
c
HsMCHeHHHMH
pbIHO'HOH
CTOHMOCTH. XOTH opraHbi
HaA3opa He Tpe6yIoT y'eTa no pbiHKy, q)HHaHCOBOe pyKOBOACTBO AOA2KHO npH3HaTb ero nOAe3HOCTb, pa3BHTb COOTBeTCTBYIOI4YIO MeTOAHKy npeAOCTaBAeHHH HHcPOpMaKHH H HcnOAb3OBaTb PbIHO'HYIO CTOHMOCTb AAA OgeHKH 8AeMeHTOB cpHHaHCOBrO pHCKa.
QPHHAHCOBOE HIAAHHPOBAHHE H COCTABAEHHE EIO0?HETOB CJHHaHCOBoe nAaHHpOBaHHe
HAH npogecc COCTaBAeHHH rOAOBbiX 6IoA2meTOB co3AaeT Ha6op AAA ynpaBAeHHH (JHHaHCOBblM y'pe2KAeHHeM H
O2KHAaeMbiX
(pHHaHCOBbIX
pe3yAbTaTOB
oripeAcAeHHR
KOMneHcaUHH
H
co6o0i
?KH3HeHHO
61oAmeTa
Bam2Hyio
AOA21HbI
r1AaHOB
'aCTb
CTHMyAHpOBaHHH
npogecca
OTCAeC2HBaTbCR
Ha
cAymaujIHX.
ynpaBAeHHH
MeCClqHOH
PHCKOM
OCHOBe
BioAmeT Aio6bie
npeAcTaBAHeT
OTKAOHeHHS
qIHHaHCOBbIM
OT
ynpaBAeHHeM.
(C)aKTHIqeCKH, OTKAOHeHHH OT 6ioA2eTa CHrHaAH3HPYIOT eCUE Ha paHHeM aTane 0 TOM, 'iTO qaKTH'qeCKHH UpOC1HAb pHcKa yqpe2KAeHHR He COOTBeTCTByeT 2IeAaeMoMy. BioA21eTHbliH pa6oTbl
Ha
npogecc
rOA.
npeBpaujaeT
PacxOAbl
3aAaqH
KanlfTaAa,
H CTpaTerHH
HOBbIe
cTpaTerHqecKoro
npOrpaMMbJ
nAaHa B
geAH
HAH
rpOiKTbi H (PHHaHCOBOe CTpaTerHICCKoro nAaHa Ha CAeAyiOiiHH 61oAneTHbii rOA BCe STO AOA2HO 6blTb 3acpHKcHpoBaHo B 6ioA2KeTe. aTH 3aAaqH 6aAaHca H cgeTa npH6bIAeH\y6bITKoB co3AaioT OCHOBy onepagHoHHoro KOHTpOAR B CAeAY1Ol_qM roAy H MoryT 6blTb HcnOAb3oBaHbI ASA OmeHKH pe3yAbTaTOB AeHTeAbHOCTH OTAeAbHbIX MeHeA2KepOB. npOrH03HpOBaHHe
POAb
(HHaHCOBOrO
cTpaTerHqecKoM HaHaqieHHe MeToA
PYKOBOACTBa
I1AaHHpOBaHHH.
y'aCTHHKOB
nOArOTOBKH
H
H
OHO
q)OpMb1
BBOAa
B
6
COCTaBAeHHH OTBe'aeT
HX y4aCTHR.
6ioAmeTHoHi
sa
IOAMeTOB
CXOAHa
FopMyAHpoBaHHe
CI)HHaHCOBOe
HHwpopMaUHH,
c
camoro
PYKOBOACTBO
COCTaBAReT
ero
pOAblO
B
npoMecca
-
pa3pa6aTbiBaeT
o6s3pHble
OTieTbi AAR PYKOBOACTBa H BKOHOMH'eKHH nporHoS Ha CAeAYIOIgHe ABeHaA4laTb MeCCReB (o6bI'Ho nepHoA,
144
piNHamCaME
Ynpa&ireHne
KOTOpblH nfOKPbIBaeT 6IoAKeT). (3)HHaHcOBOe PYKOBOACTBO TaKme npeAOCTaBAeeT HH¢opMaigHIo
BCTpeqaTbCH9
AOAHKHO
pyKOBOACTBO
C
TaK H
y-ipe2KAeHHH,
o6bSICHHTb
AOA2KHO
PYKOBOACTBO
KOHKpeTHbIX
AAA1
BePCHIO AAA npaBAeHHH.
OKOH'aTeAbHyIO
nOArOTOBKH
aHaAH3
AOA2KHo 6blTb orOBOpeHO,
OTAeAOB.
KaKHe OTKAOHCHHH
no
MepOnpHHTHH
yKa3bIBaTb
H
BHAe
nHCbMeHHOM
B
Bcero
AAR1
KaKc
OTKAOHeHHH,
c
noKa3aTeAeH
nAaHOBb1X
CpaBHeHHR
AAA
o6AerHHTb
AOA2KeH
npogecc
aTOT
q)aKTHeCCKHMH.
t
OT IeTHOCTH
emeKBapTaAbHOH
HAH
e?KeMec.RqHOH
pa3pemaTb
61oA2meT,
AOAMHO pa3pa6oTaTb H BHeApHTb npo,ecc
TaK2Ke
PYKOBOACTBO
PHHaHCOBOe
HaKOHeg,
nepeCMaTpHBaTb
ynpaBARioIlHMH,
Bonpocbi, nOAHHTble B xOAe aHaAH3a H nOArOTOBHTb CD)HHaHCOBOe
1,
BBepX,
HAH CHH3y
roAy H,
B TCKy1eM
pyKOBOACTBa.
cTapuero
61OAKeTbl
HHAHBHAYaAbHbie
aHaAH3HPYeT
OTAeAa
H pacxoAy Kca2Aoro
no (PaKTHIClCKHM AOXOAy
HcnpaBAeHHIO CHTYaUHH Ha TeKyUJHH roA.
HAAOrOBOE HAAHWPOBAHHE U IO0,HllHEHlHE
AOCTaTO'IHOCTH
KaanHTaAa,
B
HepaBHomepHO.
CHH2KaH
BTOM,
rpH
P5A
eCTb
KOAeKce
HaAorOBOM
A0XoA.
'IHCTbIH
YPOBeHb
3aTparHBaioT
yqpe2KAeHHe,
BbInAaqHBaeT
KOTOpb1e
HaAorH,
HOAOXOAHble
aTparHBaloT
HaAorH
aHOMaAHH,
H
HcKA1oqeHHH
AOXOAbl
KoTOpbie
6AaronpUHTCTBybOT OAHHM pa3HOBHAHOCT51M AOXOAOB. (DHHaHCOBOC ynpaBAeHHe AOA2KHO npeABHAeTb H3MeHeHH51 B 3aKOHaX 0 HaAoroo6AomeHHH nOAHTHKH CTpaHbi H oAeHHBaTb
HaAOrOBOHi
qUHpMbI.
B
HaAorH,
noAAeŽtaWUe
BAHJqHHe 8THX H3MeHeHHH
Ha
3a TeKyIyKo
Ae4TeAbHOCTb.
H HcnOAb3OBaHHIO
BceMH oTAeAaMH no o6HapyweHHlo
AAR
aToro
yAyUjylO CTOHMOCTb
pa6oTa co
BeAeTCa
BOH3MOMHOCTeH
AeraAbHbIX
H
MaKCHMaAbHO CHH3HTb
AOnOAHeHHH, qpHHaHCOBOe PYKOBOACTBO o6bi9HO CTpeMHTcR BbinAaTe
6
HeyrtAaTbI
HaAOrOB.
CH)HHaHCOBOe ynpaBAeHHe oTBe'aeT 3a BeAeHHe aanHceH, CBS13aHHbIX C yfAaTOH HaAorOB, H Hppogecc y4eTa AOA2KeH npeAOCTaBAHTb H 6AaHKoB. q3OpM HaAOrOBb1X 3anOAHeHHe Heo6xOAHMyIO AAR CBOeBpeMeHHOro 3anOAHeHHH HaAOrOBbIX
npOCTa,
T.K.
B
H3MeHeHHH
ripaBHAaX
q)OPM
HaAoroo6Ao2KeHH.I
HHqHopMaagHo.
MOryT
9
Ta 3aAaia He
3HaIHTeAbHO
H3MeHHTb
npeAb3iBAweMbie K HlHOpMaUHH.
Tpe6oBaHHI,
BHYTPEHHHIi KOHTPOAb (cIHHaHCOBOe PYKOBOACTBO
OTBeqaTb
MO21eT
3a YCTaHOBAeHHe
H o6HoBAeHHe nOAHTHKH
H
npogeAyp BHyTpeHHero KOHTpOAJ9 opraHH3a4lHH, a TaKme 3a KOOpAHHagUHo peaKUHH ynpaBAeHnA Ha
o6HapynKeHHbie
KOHTpOAe.
3
TH YCHAHI
pHCK
pHCKa:
ayAHTopaMH
HIpHAo2KeHHe
HanpaBAeHbl
BHyTpeHHero
4
opraHaMH
H
Ha MHHHMH3aUHIO
KOHTpOAH,
OnepagHOHHblH
TpeU HHbi
peryAHPOBaHHH
OnepagHOHHbli
HeCKOAbKHX
pHCK
H (UHHaHCOBbli KOHTpOAb").
H
BO
aAeMeHTOB
3a6aAaHCOBbIH
Aio6aR
BHyTpeHHeM qHHaHCOBOrO
pHCK
(CM.
CHCTeMa BHyTpeHHerO
KOHTpOA51 HMeeT MHOrO'IHCAeHHbie 3aAaMH: * *
MaKcHMHmagHH qPHHaHcoBbIx saAaq npH OAHOBpeMeHHOH MHHHMH3agHH pHCKOB. Co3AaHHe YCAOBHH AAA aqxpeKTHBHOH pa6oTe CorAaCHO onepagHOHHOi nOAHTHKe.
145
YxpeffAemoe pywooR4cTBa N 1ORbIIrIeHme *
K nepeMewaM
3CT3ITeOAbHoCTN
O6ecne'eHHe HaAe2KHOCTH, nOAHOTbI H CBOeBpeMeHHOCTH
JrHHaHCOBOH HH(pOpMaUHH,
HCnOAb3yeMOH i AAA npHHTHH pellmeHHH. *
OxpaHa aKTHBOB.
*
06ecne'leHHe COOTBeTCTBHIH
*
HlpeAoTBpaujeHHe OInH60K H HeToqHOcTeH.
cIHHaHCOBOe
pyKOBOACTBO
(PyHKgHOHaAbHOH Heo6xOAHMbJx OTpam2aTb
o6AacTH
AAA
AOA2KHO
AAA
pa6oTaTb
pa3pa6oTKH
BblnOAHeHHq
YHHKaAbHbJe
o6U4HM mnpHHUHnaM 6yxraATepcKoro y'eTa.
C OnepaTHBHbIMH
nOAHTHKH,
noCTaBAeHHbIX
BHYTpCHHHe
npolCeAyp
3aAan.
xapaKTePHCTHKH
pYKOBOAHTeAHMH H
CHCTeM
BHyTpeHHHii
KaAiOH
KOHTPOAH,
KOHTPOAb
Ka4AOHiyHKgHH
AoA2KeH
H OCHOBbiBaTbCR
Ha
OgeHKe pHCKa Ka2KAoro oTAeAa. HIOAHTHKa 6aHKa B o6AaCTH KaK
o6pa6oTKa
KpeAHToBaHHe, CpeACTBa,
HH(POpMaUHH,
HHBeCTHUHOHHbie
AeHTeAbHOCTb
o63op
KOHTPOAA nOKpbIBaeT
o6igero
gCHHb[c
y-eTa,
6yMarH,
no xeHiAmHpOBaHHIO,
TaK2me BbIrAaTy HaAHqHbIX. (yHKUHH,
BHyTpeHHero BeAeHHe
CHCTeMa
TOprOBbie
AOBePHTeAbHbie
OCHOBbie MeTOAbI qpHHaHCoBOro
cAeAOK,
OT'eT
0
pe3yAbTaTax,
BeAeHHC
TaKHe Bam2Hbie q)yHK%HH,
noAa4H
aKTHBbI,
3aABOK,
Aeno3HTbI,
BbInAaTbl, 3aeMHbJe
H (PHAyKHapHbie onepaliHH,
a
KOHTpOAA BKAio4alOT pa3AeAeHHe
3anHceH
no
cAeAKaM,
o6yqeHHe,
npeAOCTaBAeHHe 3a%IHTHbIX H npOBepOB1H01_HX yCTpoHCTB.
Pa34eAeHHe qyHKKgNH BHyrpeHHero
KOHTpOAH.
-
OAHH
H3
HaH6OAee
Pa3rpaHHqHBajoTcR
o6uHx
HHCTpyMeHTOB
co3AaHHR
ypOBHH H AHHHH OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH,
CHCTeMbl
onpeAeAHCeTc
flOPHAOK AeAerHPOBaHHH nOAHOMOIHH H nOCTORHHbie o6a3aHHocTH.
C4eAXKH nomoraeT
MO2rHO
npOCMaTpHBaTb A0
HAH
nocAe
HX COBepulleHHH.
B o Aee paHHHH
o 6 30p
BblH9BHTb
HenpaBHAbHbIe HAH He YnOAHoMoqeHHbie CAeAKH, eCAH TOAbKO npoBepRIOIgHH nOHHMaeT CAeAKy. 063op nocAe COBepEUeHHH CAeAKH He Mo2KeT rIpeAOTBpaTHTb HeynOAHOMO'eHHylO CAeAKy, HO OH MO2teT paKpblTb caM (paKT. HanpHMep, CBepKa CqeTOB 6aHKa Mo2KeT BblHBHTb HenpaBoMo0Hoe MOryT
6bITb
HCnOAb3OBaHHe 6aHKOBCKHX cqeToB. KoHeqHo, 0630pbl
c4CpeKTHBHbIMH
TOAbKO eCAH OHH IIPOBOARTCH rAy6oKo H T1gaTeAbHO H B COCTOHHHH paCKpblTb o011H6KH HAH HeTOtIHOCTH. H1poBepAnoujHii AoA2KeH 6blTb He3aBHCHMbIM OT coTpyAHHKa, AeHTeAbHOCTb KOTOporo OH npoBepHeT. Be4eHHe sanNCeN no Co4eAKaM KpaHHe BaMHO AAA HaAe2KHOrO BHyTpeHHerO KOHTPOAS. SanticH nomoralOT npOBepqTb CAeAKH, nomoraloT B pa6oTe BHyTpeHHHM H BHeUJHHM ayAHTOpaM H co3AalOT OCHOBY HH(POpMaiAHOHHbIX OTieTOB BHyTPH OpraHH3aMHH.
06yIeHNNe 3aTparHBaeT 3HaeT
CBOH
o6x3aHHocTH.
BHyTpeHHHH
KOHTpOAb,
nOCKOAbKy
XOpOmo
o6yqeHHblii
nepcoHaA
CioAa
TaKmle BXOAHT o6zbscHeHHe B3aHMo3aBHCHMOCTH MeffAy o6S3aHHOCTSMH OTAeAbHOrO AHUa H o6H3aHHocTeHi npOqHX AHM, rAo6aAbHbIx 3aAas H nOAHTHKH 6aHKa. lpe4ocraBAeHNe 3-qaJ,HTHbrX yCrpOfCrB BKAiOtaeT nOKynKy 3anHpaiOIJHXCR miKaqpOB AAR XpaHeHHR AeHer, CeH(pOB, KaMep H yKpenAeHHbIX ABepeH. HoAo6HbIe yCTpOHCTBa He AorycKaioT He ynOAHOMoqeHHblH BXOA H cAeAKH H AOA2KHbI HCn1OAb3OBaTbCA Be34e, rAe BTO TOAbKO npe4CTaBAHeTCA BO3MO2KHbIM.
146
YHpaa.uevoe IpEHaHcamK
OUIH6KH
HeyMbiIuAeHHbie
Ta
qpOpMa
BKAiOtIaeT
KOHTpOAA
H yCTpOHCTBa nO
KaCOBbie annapaTbi
KaAbKyAHTOpbI,
TaKHe KaK
ycTpOHcTBa,
mexaHHiqecKHe
CAeAOK.
perHCTpazIHH
npH
3
YCTpaHHTb
noMoraM
KOHTpOAb,.
BHyTpeHHHu
nOBblIlluaOT
YCTpOHCTBa
HlpoBepsHoigHe
HanpHMep, ABOHHaA 3sanHCb H He3aBHCHMbIH
BeAeHHIO 3anHCceB, H He MeXaHHMeCKHe ycTpOHCTBa, noAcqeT BCeX HToroB.
3
TH rpynnbi rpOHBBOASHT OTqeTbI,
PYKOBOACTBOM.
BbISBAeHHbIe HeAOCTaTKH CHCTeMbl
noAxoAHJiee
camoe
-
H
TeCTHpyiOT
opraHbI
H BHeApeHHYIO
HeMeAAeHHaA
Heo6XOAHMa
PYKOBOACTBO
(I)HHaHCOBOe
pyKOBOACTBa.
B KOTOpbIX paCKpbIBaKOT
Ha BTH OT'eTbl
KoHTpOAH.
BHyTpeHHero
nOCTpOeHHYIO
KOHTpOAH,
CHCTeMy BHyTpeHHerO
KOHTpOAHpyIOT
pCrYARTHBHbIe
H
ayAHTopbi
BHIU1HHe
ayAHTOpbi,
BHyIrpeHHHe
peaKKHH
H TIaTeAbHaH C
pa6oTbI
MCCTO
BTHMH
He3aBHCHMbIMH KoMnOHeHTaMH npogecca ayAHpOBaHHSI.
a8XfCeKTHBHOrO
HlpoBeAeHHe
OT
HOBoro.
HMeHH
CHCTCMbl
o63opbi
peryAHpHbie
rPOBOAHTb
AOA2mHO
PYKOBOACTBO
AHpeKTOPOB
coBeTa
nOTpe6oBaTb
MorYT
co3AaHHH
K
BHHMaHHi
nOCTOSHHOrO
KoTopbIe Aa2Ke
HAH
KOHTPOAH
cyigecTByIougero
yCOBepCueHCTBOBaHHR
Tpe6yeT
OKpy?KeHHIO,
H
o6cTo3rreAbcTBaM
H3MeH5iioIMHHMcH
KOHTpOAf
BHyrpeHHero
6
BHyrpeHHero KOHTPOAA He3aBHCHMO OT Aio biX ayAHTOpCKHX inpOBePOK H AeAaTb Heo6xoAHMbIe nonpaBKH
C TeM,
4
FlpHAomeHHe
o6 UgHH ypoBeHb KOHTpOAH
qTo6bJ
nOAHTHKH.
CTaHAapTaM
COOTBeTCTBoBaA
AaeT AOnOAHHTeAbHbIe AeTaAH no onepagHOHHOMY H q)HHaHCOBOMy KOHTPOAIO.
OPrAHH3AUHOHHAH CTPYKTYPA CMHAHCOBOU DYHKUUH AHpeKTop (YHKUHH o6bIqHO
AH6o
AOKAaAbIBaeT
AoKAaAbiBalOT CCPC, BKOHOMHqecKoe
HCnOAHHTeAbHOMY
6 HepapxHq HeO XOAHMa AAA TOrO,
6 AH o
-
CTapiuemy
qTo6bi nOCTaBHTb H
AHHeHHbIMH
OCHOBHbIMH
o6AacTH,
KOTOpbIe
B CBOIO oMepeAb,
qaCTO coAep2KaT yqeT, Ka3HaMeHCTBO, nAaHHpOBaHHe,
HaAorOBblH OTACA,
nporHO3HpOBaHHe
pIA
OAHH
B
C
(t)yHKUHOHaAbHbie
rpynnaMH OpraHH3aUHH.
KaApoBbiMH
COTpyAHHKy,
ApyrHMH
ynpaBACHHH
(HHaHCOBOrO
qKyHHIO
CTapinemy HoAo6HaA
OnepagHOHHOMY COTpyAHHKy.
COTPYAHHK (CcLDC)
- CTap1HH (HHaHCOBbIi
(HHaHCOBOrO ynpaBAeHHH
H
HeKoTopble
HHBecTOpaMH.
C
CBH3H
He
ype2KAeHHH
BKAoIqaioT Ka3HaqeiiCTBO
B IOPHCAHKUH1O (pHHaHCOBOrO PYKOBOACTBa Ha TOM OCHOBaHHH, 'TO
BTO
ero
3aTPOHYTb
MO2KeT
o6beKTHBHocTb
[ipH
pe3yAbTaTOB
CpaBHeHHH
Ae3rTeAbHOCTH
Ka3HaqeHCTBa C ApyrHMH oTAeAaMH. AAbTepHaTHBHaR H 6oAee CHAbHaR TOqKa 3peHHR COCTOHT B
TOM,
qTO
Ka3HaMeHCKHe
AOA2KHbI
onepasHH
y'eTa
AAH ynpaBAeHqecKoro CTpaTerHH
o6AacTH
B
pHcKOM.
Ka3HaieHCTBo o6.AerqaeT c6op HHq)OpMaUHH,
H oTieTa
KOHTpOAH
o
npH6bIAbHOCTH,
(HHaHCOBrO
pHcKa.
4.3
BCTaBKa
q)HHaHCOBOrO
KoAeraMH 3aMepHTeAH
no
Bce
ynpaBAeHHABO
opraHH3aIHH.
nyAbca H aHaAHTHKa,
MHOrHx
qpHHaHCOBOe
pOAb
pyKOBOACTB
BceH opraHH3a;IHH.
147
BAeMeHTbi
yKa3biBaeT
pa.AHqHbIle
pHHaHCOBOM ympemAeHHH. CBR3aHa Co
KAIO'eBbIX o6AaCTRX
HrpaH
Bo-nepBblx,
Heo6xoAHMoH
KAIo'eBbie
H BHeApCSeT
OTAeAbl, OTBeTCTBeHHbie 3a q)HHaHCOBOe pyKOBOACTBO B THnH'HOM C)yHKG,HH
(pHHaHCOBOrO
HHaHCOBYIO HH(pOpMaUHIO, Heo6xOAHMyio AmA
PyKOBOACTBa, T.K. OHO nOCTaBA.IeT e2KeAHesBHYIO ynpaBAeHHH CpHHaHCOBbIM
IOPHCAHK13H1O
B
BXOAHTb
alter
ego
BbIcTynaeT
(BTOporo
AeAOBbIM
CBOHMH
H)
HAH
COBeTHHKOM
YKpeoMemNe pjoYoB
c7TRa N JOBhrZHHCe 'yDC7RHTeAbHOCTH
K HepeMelaM'
BCTaBKa 4.3 OPraHKBaUHOHHaR BsaHMOCEB1b
CTapllHi
HCnOAHHTeAbHbIH
|
COTPYAHHK
CTapIUHii CPHHaHCOBblH COTpyAHHK
KoHTpOAep
Ha4aAbHHK
|
AaHOBtIHK
Ka3Ha,HeACTBa
H|O;Aep2Ka AAlKO
OTIiOIeHHH C HHBeCTOpaMU
*
X)1HHaHCOBblH
*
y'ieT
*
*
HHBeCTHUHOHHaH
YnpaBAeHqec-
*
c()HHaHCHpOBaHHe
KHH yYeT
*
XeiiHAHPOBaHHe
HaAorOBblii
*
HoAAepaHHe
y"eT
*
Ae3TeAbHOCTb
CTpaTerH4eCKoe nAaHHpOBaHHC
*
CocTaBAeHHe
6joi0AeTa *
pe3epBHbIX C9eTOB
3
KOHOMHqeCKHH
nporHO3
148
YnpaiAesoe
IpNNaHcaiw
CTpyKTypbI ECAH, HanpHMep, OTAeA KpeAHTOBaHHH PaCCMaTPHBaeT BO3MO2KHOCTb H3MeHeHHH KpeAHTOB B nOAb3y KoMMepseCKHX RpeAHTOB 3a cseT ceAbCKOXO3iHiCTBeHHbIX, nOPTc PHCKa 6aHKa. (HHaHcoBoe ynpaBAeHHe Mo2KeT [1OCOBeTOBaTb KaK H3M3eHeHHH saTpoHyT npO0qHAb H
pe3yAbTaTaX
o
HH)OpMaJHO
noCTaBAReT
ynpaBAeHHe
()HHaHCOBoe
Bo-BTopblX,
yseTa. BnpH6blAbHOCTH BCeM oTAeAaM pa3pa6aTblBaH H COCTaBARS1 oTseTbi ynpaBAeHsecKoro ynpaBAeHHR aKTHBaMH TpCTbHX, PHHaHcoBoe ynpaBAeHHe o6ecneqHBaeT BbinOAHeHHe nOAHTHKH BpeMH npogecca BO B-eTBepTbIx, eIHHHaMH. HCCMHeHonepaHOHHbMH naccHBaMH H PHHaHcoBoH UeAH PYKOBOACTBY nOCTaBAReT ynpaBAeHHe (PHHaHCOBOe
nAaHHpOBaHHR,
6 nAaHHpoBaHHH, AerTeAbHOCTH H ynpaBAeHHH pHCKOM, o6AersaH TarHM o pa3oM BeCb npogeMM BO Bcex c)yH1qHOHaAbHbIX H y4aCTByeT B PaCCMOTPeHHH PYKOBOACTBOM nAaHoB, COCTaBAeHHblX
o6AaCTTHX OpraHH3agHH.
OJHaHCOROFO yIpaBAeHON
YKpen'AeHHe JH)NI(HH
cTpaHaX, O6mHpHbie H3MeHeHHH B cpeAe, B KOTOpOH pa6oTaloT 6aHKH B pa3BHBalO1HXCR
nOBbluIaioT YPOBeHb npoUecc
H
popmaAH3aUHH B npogecce npHHSTHR peiIeHHH opraHH3aIHH.
noBbIiUeHHO
CyujeCTByeT TpH KA1oneBbIX MOMeHTa ynpaeACHHR
HH(ppaCTpyKTypbl
B
HajeAeHHOCTH
B yAy'imeHHH
HepBblH
opraHH3aUHH.
Aio6oH
B
KOHgenTyaAbHOH nOAHTHKe.
KOOPAHHaUHH
yAyUweHHR
ynpaBAeHHR,
(pHHaHCOBoro
(YHKgHH
COKycHpoBaHHOCTH
qeTKoH
6oAee
Tpe6yeT
CAO2mHOCTb
nOBb1u1aioWaRcCE
Bce
HM.
ynpaBAeHHR
H OCAo2HHeT
6aHKa
PHCKOB
(PHHaHCOBbIX
MHoroCTOPOHHHX
paBMaX
H
BTO
-
!3aHBAeHHH
pRA
sepe3
6y4yT seTRO o6roBopeHbl 3aAaqH (HHaHCOBOrO
HTHX AeKAapaiHHx
CAOmHOH
BceoXBaTbIBaJoUjeH
co3AaHHe
PYKOBOACTBa
(jHHaHCoBOro
(JHHaHCOBOrO
q)YHKUHH
o
ynpaBAeHHR
3aAaHHe KOHKpeTHbIX HOPMaTHBOB AoxoAa Ha aKTHBbI H aKqHOHepHbliH KarHTaA, ripogecca nAaHHOHBaHHS H BHeApeHHR, noBceMeCTHOC pa3BHTHe B 6aHKe npoMecca
(HanpHmep, yAyszeHHe
c napameTpaMH AOr1yCTHMoro pHcKa AmiaH
2KAoro H3
Toro, 'To6bI BOCbMH DAeMeHTOB q3HaHCOBoro pHCKa. 3TH 3aRBAeHHR HymHbl AAR o6qjee nOHHMaHHe npogecca (3HHaHCOBoro PYKOBOACTBa BO BCeM 6aHKe.
o6ecnerHTb
ynpaBAeHqecKoro y4eTa)
H onpeAeAeHH.9
KOTOpaR MO2KeT BTOPOUi MOMCHT - YCTaHOBAeHHe 6a3bI AaHHb1X (UHHaHCOBOrO PYKOBOACTBa, PHCKa H cIHHaHCOBoro 6blTb HcnOAb3OBaHa AmJ aHaAH3a H OTCAe2KHBaHHR KamAoro 3AeMeHTa
yseTa.
aTa
6a3a
o6AerMeHHSI
ynpaBAeHqecKoro
noAysqeHHO4
H.3 o6ujero yseTa, H OnepagHOHHOH
COCTaBAHeTcH
AaHHblX
H3
HHq)OpMaUHH,
CHCTeMbi, HcnoAb3yeMoH AAR 3anHCH aKTHBOB,
o6n3aTeAbcTB H cBH3aHHbIX C HHMH npoUeHTHbIX AOXOAOB H pacXOAOB. MoMeHT
TpeTHi
-
pa3BHTHe
cnoco6HocTH
ptCcr
OpraHH3agHH.
BeAeHHH AeA Ha npOOKHAb
K 3
onpeAeAeHHIO
Bo3AeHCTBHI
AeCb KoMnblOTepH3OBaHHa.
H3MeHeHHH
B
MOAeAb MO2meT
6 noMOqb, HO He RBAReTCH 2KH3HeHHO HeO xOAHMOfi.
BOAee
OCTpas
qYHKUHH UHHaHCOBrO yrlpaBAeHHR
HaCeAeHHOCTb
nos3oAReT
AOCTH'b
6oAee
H ynpaBAeHrH 6aHKoM, KOOPAHHHPOBaHHoro H 4jOpMaAH30BaHHOro npoUecca npHHTHSR peueHHiH napaMeTpbi npUmeHHSoT oTAeAbi nfCKOAbKy B cAy'iae, eCAH Bce onepaUHOHHbMe H AHHeHHbie
q)HHaHcoBoro CTpo2Kaiuero
PHCKa
6aHxa,
cIHHaHCOBoro
CKOOPAHHHPOBaHHOM
Bce
pemeHHS
aHAH3a.
npolecce
B
opraHH3agHH
HOTpe6HOcTb peiueHHH
npUHHRTHR
149
B
npHHHMalOTCH ReTKo
HCXOAHT
TOAbKO
nOCAe
CoKycHpoBaHHoM c U3
ABYX
H
BanSHbIX
Yjpe,uAeme p.pwOBOqCT5v
OpraHH31aLHOHHbix HOBbIX
H mOWirmJeJse .mBCTBHTfeAhOCTN A mepemeiam
npeAnocblAoK,
yCAOBHHX.
OAHa
Heo6xoAHMbIx
H3
HHX
-
AAR
aqXweKTHBHOH
pa6oTbl
PHHaHCOBbliH
COTpyAHHK;
CTapWHHH
opraHH3agUH
B
BTOpaA
-
qoMaAH3oBaHHbliH ROMHTeT no ynpaBAeHHjo aKTHBaMH H o6HmaTeAbcTBaMH.
CTapIHNu
IJNHaHCOObMH COTpJreTNK
AOA2KHOCTb CTapuero (3HHaHCOBrO COTPYAHHKa, XOTHi H RBAqeTCSI OTHOCHTeAbHO HOBOH AAR CHHaHcOBbIX
y'Ipe2KAeHHH,
CCPC o6blMHO
RBAReTCH
BAReTC.I 'AeHOM
TpaAHUHOHHOH
4AA
He(PHHaHCOBbIX
B
cTapiuero ynpaBAeHHR cpHpMOH.
opraHH3aUHH,
rAe
6HsHece,
HeCpHHaHcoBoM
CCDC OTBeqaeT 3a HCTO0HHKH (pHHaHCHPOBaHHR 6H3Heca, KaK AOArOCpO'HbIe (aKMHH H AoAr), TaK
H
KpaTKOCPO-iHbie
CTpyKTypy
3aAoAmeHHOCTH, HeceHHH
(o6opOTHblHi
aKTHBOB
cPHpMbI
sanacoB
KaflHTaA,
(T.e.
AHKBHAHOCTb
OnTHMaAbHOe
H
RpeAHTHble
cOqeTaHHe
AHHHH
HaA&HHbIX,
6aHriOB),
Ae6HTopcKoHi
TMJJ
H OCHOBHbIX cpeACTB AAA BbilnOAHeHHR 3aAaq AOXOAHOCTH 6e3 (JHHaHCOBOrO pHCKa), 3a cTpaTerHmecKoe H (pHHaHcoBoe q)HHaHcoBbilH (BHeLuHHni) H ynpaBAeHqeCKHfi (BHyrpeHHHii) yReT H sa
AOnOAHHTeAbHOrO
FUAHHpoBaHHe,
3a
B
BHyTpeHHHH KOHTpOAb.
yqpe2AeHHRX 8TH o6H3aHHOCTH o6bxqHO pacnpeAeAeHbi
(HHaHCOBb!X
cpeAH HlHpoKoro Kpyra pyKOBOAHTeAeH, Tpe6yIOT
BO
BCe
6oAbineHi
HO H3MeHeHHH B CpeAe AeHTeAbHOCTH H pHCKOB 6aHKa YCTaHOBAeHHR AOA2KHOCTH CC)C B opraHH3aMHOHHOA
CTeneHH
CTpyKType OpraHH3aMHH.
B
6aHKOBCKHX
19
npoHBHAacb B
OpraHH3saHRX
qTO aTa AOA2KHOCTb ynpaBAeHHH onepaHinH.
LIJTaTaX
Coe4HHeHHbix
3aHSBHAa O ce6e
o6H3aTeAbCTBaMH Xopoiuio
perHOHaAbHbIX
B
AAA
TorAa,
Toro,
c(popMyAHpoBaHHa;
KOMMepieCKHX
ynpaBAeHHe
o6R3aTeAbCTBaMH
AonOAHeHHe,
BOSHHKHOBeHHe
6aHKax
B
KorAa
qTo6bi
yBeAHqHTb
AOKHOCTb 97 rr.
no
mepe
TOrO,
o6AHragHH,
H
no
Mepe
K 3HaHHRM H HaBbJKaM AH;a, Bb1ABHraeMOrO
B3pOCAeHHR
onpeAeAseTcf
KaK
9TO1
(pyHRUHH
paCIIHpeHHbIH
yqeTe,
cnoco6Horo
y'pemAeHHH.
KOHTPOAep
ynpaBAeHHe aKTHBaMH H naCCHBaMH), 6yxraATepcKoM
B
(yqeT,
MTO Tpe6yeT
pa36HpaTbca
Ha
OHH
InOrAOlgeHHR
HaAOrH,
aTa
H
pasMax
YCB8HB8AH 6aHKOB.
CTpaHbi.
B B
Ch C, MeHMioTCR
AOAmHOCTb
rIAaHHPOBaHHe
c XOpOIUHM
B TeXHHqeCKHX
MeTOAbl
3aKAaAHbIMH,
HHCTHTyTaX
AOA2KHOCTb
06bl'qHO,
'eAOBeKa
Ka(K
H
aMepHKaHCKHX
B
o6ecneqeHHb1x
BBeAeHHe nocTa CCDC B CCyAHO-c6eperaTeAbHblX rr. aTa AOAMHOCTb CTaAa nOBCeMeCTHOH B CLIA.
Tpe6OBaHHJR
pocTa
nOgBHAaCb
6ypHble CAHSHHff
pbbHKa
KOHCengHlO
CBOH TeMnbi
cCDC
1 0x
H npOHcxOAHAH BTOpHqHoro
6aHKH npHHHAH
CTHMYAHPOBaAO
19 80x
CCDC BnepBbie
AOAMHOCTb
6 0x rr. B 6aHKax ACHe2KHbIX UCHTPOB cTpaHbI. OTHIOA. He COBnaAeHHe TO,
cHa'iaAa AOXOAOB,
onbTroM pa6oTbl B
oco6eHHocTIx
pa6oTbl. rO B HanpaBAeHHH CTpaTerHt IeCKoro nAaHHpOBaHHR, qlHHaHCHPOBaHHR KanHTaAa H KaSHa2eHCTBa, 2K3HeHHO BaMHbIMH HaBbIKaMH CCDC CTaHOBBTCH cnoco6HocTH 6blTb AHAepOM, yllpaBATb CTpaTerHeH, pa3BHBaTb H BHeApETb CHHaHCOBylO nlOAHTHKy, pa36HpaTbcR B (IHHaHCHpoBaHHH\ToprOBAe\XeHA2KHpOBaHHH H nOAAepMHBaTb XOpOmHe OTHOUIeHHR C HHBeCTOpaMH. Mepe 9BOAIOUHH POAH CC
Ha3HaqeHHe H
nIaCCHBOB
c(DC qeTKO onpeAeAReT o6a3aHHocTH no (pOPMHpOBaHH[O
6aHKa
6e3AeiCTBYIOIMHMH qfHHaHCOBbliH
H
flO3BOA.ReT
paCKpblTb
OnepaI8HOHHb1MH
aHaAH3,
I1pHMeHReT
KOMMYHHKa8HOHHbie
eAHHHUaMH
6aHKa.
COOTBeTCTByIO1IHe
150
CCDC
aHaAHTHqeCKHe
CTPyKTypbI aKTHBOB
KaHaAbi npOBOAHT MeTOAbl
MeCAY
PaHee
o6beKTHBHbli K
npo6AeMaM
YnpaBACenNe 0wiiaucaAN
ynpaBAeHHH
KpaHHe
H HBAHeTCH
pHCKOM
KommTer HO ywpawAemwfo
(poMpaAH3OBaHHOM
npHBeAH
(AAKO49) N o6waTeAhciarnaN CCDC
CO3AaHHIO
K
ynpaBAeHHH
qHHaHCOBoro
AAKO
npoUecca
o6cymAaloTcH
noTpe6HoCTb
o6ocHoBaAH
CTaAHH
paHee;
aAecb, nOToMy
6aHKa
yIpaBAeHHSi
npoUecce
B
o6cymAaAHcb
6aHKa
KOMMepqeCKOrO
of6RsaTeAbCTBaMH
aTIwrNMM
KoMHTeTe no ynpaBAeHHio aKTHBaMH H o6R3aTeAbcTBaMH
pOAb
H
OnpeAeAeHHe
CTaHOBAeHHS1
9iTO
CHAbi,
mKe
BCe
HHTepnpeTaUHH
onepajl;OHHoi CpeAbi.
yCA02HRiougeHCic
Te
no
(pHAbTpOM
Heo6xoAHMbIM
me
OHU HAyT
'ITO
B
(AAKO).
aKTHBaMH
H
pa3BHTHR
H
napaAAeAbHO
H
nepenAeTaioTcR c aHaAOrHqHbIMH CTaAHHMH CcI3C. 9
BOMAJogH AAKO
6aHKax
B ioMMep'ieCKHX
IBTH
A
co6o0i
npeACTaBAHeT
cTynewiaTbli
npoUecc.
I.
q)OpMaAbHO
EuMe
He
onpeAeAeHHaA
CTpyKTypa
AAKO
CyuceTByCT
6aHKe.
B
yme
H CTapllHii HCnOAHHTeAbHbIA COTPYAHHK npHHHMaeT Bce peCIIeHHH no ynpaBAeHH1o aKTHBaMH naCCHBaMH.
2.
(PopMHpyeTCA
HHBeCTHIHOHHbli
KOMHTeT
AAA
KOHTpOAA
pemeHHH
nOpTq3eAIo
no
UeHHb1X 6yMar 6aHKa (pelueHHlA TOAbKO no aKTHBaM). o6AHraUHfi H
3.
KOMHTeTa pacmUpHeTcq,
HHBeCTHUHOHHOrO
BOllpOCOB
OXBaT
AAKO, AAKO
Co3AaeTCSI B
npeACTaBAeHbl
KOTOpbiU UlHpe
saMeHReT 3sa'aCTy1o
H
HHBeCTHgUHOHHbli
HMeioT
no
no o6H3aTeAbcTBaM).
UHHaHCHPOBaHH1o 6aHKa H AeHTeAbHOCTH Ka3Ha'eHCTBa (peuieHHa
4.
BOnpOCbi
BKAIO'aI
6oAee
COTPYAHHKH
KOMHTeT. BbICOKHH
'qeM
paHr
B
HHBeCTHUHOHHOM KOMHTeTe.
5.
(t>opMHpyeTca
6.
BeAHqHHa H qACHCTBO B
7.
A.AKO 3anpymeH Becb
TpyAoCMKHM.
oco6bIif OTAeA aHaAHTHmeCKOH fnoAAepKKH
AAKO HenpepbIBHO
yBeAHqHBalOTCA.
HHqOpMagHeH H npogecc npaHffTH
npogec
AAKO
Ha'HHaeT
AAKO.
TepRTb
pellieHHiH CTaHOBHTCR BCi 6oAee CBOH
CMbICA
CTaHOBHTCH
H
HeaqcXpeKTHBHbIM.
8. B
noCT
Co3AaeTcs
npogecce
AAKO).
CCIC
(HAH,
HanpHMep, 6oAee 'eTKO
EMy nepeAaioTca
OTAeAbi
OrOBapHBalOTCA ero o6s3aHHocTH
aHaAHTH'lecKOH
noAAepmXU
AAKO
H
Ka3HaqeHcTBa.
9.
AAKO
OTHbie
3aHHMaeTCH
npHHRTHeM
TOAbKO
peLueHHH
no
C(DC
a
noAHTHKe,
OTBeC'aeT 3a nOBCeAeHBHbie pelileHHH.
B AAKO Ha'laAbHHKH MO2KeT
AOAMHbI
KpeACTHoro,
BKAIO'IaTb
BXOAHTb
CCDC
H ApyrHe CTapiUe PYKOBOAUTeAH,
(pHHaHCOBoro H r1OTpe6HTeAbcKoro
cTapiuero
PYKOBOAHTcAe KpeAHTOBaHH1
Ha'IaAbHHKa
BKOHOMHCTa,
OTpaCAei
H ceKToPOB.
AAKO
OTAeAOB.
TaXKe
KpOMe Toro,
riAaHHpOBaHHR
H
AKO
xA1o0IeBbIX
AOAmeH co6HpaTbcR no
xpaiHeH
49 AAKO - a66peBHaTypa aHrsAacxoro Asset and Liability Management Committee. [-npHM. nepeBoA.]
151
KaX
YEpeizAeHHe pyJXOBO4CTR?a H n'oOweHHe v7BCT5sHTeAHOCTH xr nepemeHam Mepe pa3 B MccnM (2reAaTeAbHo
H pa3 8 HeAeAIo) AAs npHHHTHS PCMeHHH 0 CTpyKType cAeAOK, HcnOAb3yH MeTOAHKY aAbTCpHaTHBHblX AeAOBbIX cTpaTerHH no AOXOAHOCTH H aKUHOHePHOMY KanHTaAy npH Pa3AH4HbIX c1eHapHHx ABHmeHHR npoUCHTHb1X CTaBOK. 6aAaHca H 3a6aAaHcoBblx
AAKO
YHKIIHH y1ipaBACHHR
H
caMH no
CCC
ce6e
Hco6xoAHMbl,
He
KOHTpOAR
3a
o Heo6xOAHMocTH
paclUHpeHHA npoMecca TH opraHH3agHoHHblC H3MeHeHHH rOAqCPKHBa[OT pHCKOM, AeAaH (yHKUH1o (JHHaHCOBoro ynipaBAeHHR
ynpaBAeHHH pHCKaMH Ha BCio opraHH3aUHmo. Ba2HOCTb
nOTOMy qTO HOBble HHCTPYMeHTbl q1HHaHCOBOrO
npoCHFHaAHSHPYIOT
(HHaHCoBbIM
3
xOpoLUo BHAHMOH Ha CTapLueM ypOBHe pyKOBOAcTBa. no BbinOAHeHHIO 3aAaq (3HHaHCoBoro ynpaBAeHHR.
3
To rapaHTHpyeCT awJKTHBHble AeHCTBHM
BbIBOa 3
4XPeKTHBHOe
y4pe2KACHHH
B
(PHHaHCoBOe
PYKOBOACTBO
AcperyAHpyemoH
MaKcHMH3HPOBaTb
CTOHMOCTb
-
cpeAe.
6aHKa,
BamHblH
HHrpCAHCHT ycneuiHoro
CIHHaHCOBOe
pyKOBOACTBO
npH6 bIAbHoCTb
yBeAHqHBaH
Y4pC2HAeHHR
npoq3HAeM pHCKa 6aHKa. KAIOwCBbIMH HHCTpyMeHTaMH (3HHaHCOBoro ynpaBAeHHH
lpogecc
*
ThamHpoBaHH.9,
InAaHHpOBaHHe.
BKAIO'aA
To nAaHHpOBaHHe
cTpaTerHqecKoe,
6aHKoocKoro
6aHKa
cTpeMHTcn H
ynp&&MAH
RBAHIOTCH:
AeAOBoe
H
roAoBoe
3aAaeT geAH 6aHKa H AaCT PYKOBOACTBY BeCbMa
geHHyIO o6paTHypo CBR3b, TaK, 'TO
OHH MOrYT H3MCHHTb CBOH Ae4CTBHM B OTBeT Ha
H3MCHRJOlgHeCCH oKpy2KmaioUHe yCAOBHH.
*
l7pogecc CpeACTBO
AAKO
- KoMHTeT
PaSBHTHH
AHKBHAHOCTbIO,
no
nOAHTHKH
yripaBAeHHIo aKTHBaMH H o6s3aTeAbcTBaMH ynpaBAeHHH
qyBCTBHTeAbHOCTb1O
K
AOCTaTOqHOCTb1O
npOgeHTHbIM
KaniHTaAa
CTaBKaM
H
AaeT
6arHa,
3a6aAaHcOBbIMH
pHCKaMH.
*
Ka3mHYegCKba
AAKO
*
H
yNKfXfH
-
Ka.3HaqeHcKaA
pa3pa6aTblBaeT
rpynna
HHqOpMaaHio,
npoBOAHT
Heo6xOAHMyIo
B
mHH3Hb nOAHTHKY
AAA
noAAep2KaHHi BHyTpeHHero MCXaHH3Ma nepeBoAa AeHer 6aHKa AAA noAc4eTa npH6blAbHOCTH. cDHHaHCOBaH OTqeTHOCTb, noxpbiBaioqjaH TaKHC o6AacTH, KaK ynpaBAeHqecKHH yqeT, geHTpbi npH6blAH H npHblAbHOCTb cpHAHaAOB; npH6blAbHOCTb npOAYKTOB H KAHeHTOB. 9 TH oT'eTbl cocTaBARJOT OCHOBY H3MepeHHH H aHaAH3a AeHTeAbHOCTH, OnpeAeAeHHR
npeMHH pyKOBOACTBY H riAaHHPOBaHHR AoAroCpO'HOfH
npH6blAbHOCTH
OpraHH3agHH. BHeApeHHe
a xpeKTHBHOH
(yHKgHH
qHHaHCOBOrO
ynpaBAeHHs
Tpe6yeT
pemuHMOCTH,
onpeAeAeHHbIX HaBbJKOB H AHCIIHnAHHbl.
sa
cqeT yAy'ineHHOH ynpaBAeHqecKoH
IPH BTOM YAY'laeTCH AeslTeAbHOCTb 6aHKa B geAoM HH)OpmaHH AAA rAaHHpOBaHHiH ripHHRTHR pelleHHH,
3a c'eT yAyq'uIeHHOrO KOHTpOAH HaA aAeMeHTaMH cJHHaHCOBoro pHCKa H aHaAH3a (aKTopoBs, BAHSIo_qgHX Ha npH6blAbHOCTb 6aHKa B KoHTeKcTe pa3AHtIHbIX cUeHapHeB onepagHH.
152
KAnHTAAA
C03AHHE 'EAOBE'ECKOrO
5.
BAHKA JOHaAbA KapACOH
4AA
TOrO
H
o6ymeHHem
opraHH3agHeH,
3aHHMaTbCM
CBoe ycneurHoe
o6ecneiHTb
WTo6bz
y"pemAeHHe
q)yHKUHOHHpOBaHHe,
-eAoBeqecKHMH
ynpaBAeHHeM
AOA2KHO
pecypcaMH,
HMeOiiHMHCH B ero paCnOpCmeHHH TaK, 4To6bI OHH peaAH3oBbiBaAH CTpaTerHio H BbInOAHMH 3aAatm, nocTaBAeHHbIe nepeA opraHsamHeil. YnpaBAeHHe qeAoBeC'eCKHMH pecypcamH B A!060M 6aHKe Ha1eAeHO Ha BbilnOAHeHHe qeTblpex OCHOBHbIX 3aAa9i:
*
OpFaHHBoBaTh 9qtpe.KTwBHyrO
pa6ory CBOHx
6aHKa.
peaAH3aMHH CTpaTerHH H BbInOAHeHHM geAeH
9
HBAHeTcH
co3MaHHC
TOH CTpyKTypOH OnpeAeAHiOTCH
H HHTepecbi KoAAeKTHBa, B CaMOM o6JgeM CMbICAe CAOBa, 3AeCb HMeeTCR
noTpe6HOCTH
Hx HepapXHqeCKHH' ypOBeHb,
BBHAy MHCAO pa6OTaluox,
a Ha YPOBHe nOAPa3AeAeHHH H HHAHBHAYaAbHOM YPOBHe
CTPYKTYPHPOBaTb AOA2KHOCTH,
HOCAe
HeO6xOAHMO o6ecneIHTb onpeAeAeHHe OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH 3a pe3yAbTaTbi pa6oTbl.
MeCTa Heo6xOA4MO Ha3Ha9HTb cnoco6HbIX A1oAeH,
OTBeTCTBeHHbie
Heo6XOAHMo
cKopee
MO02HO
'blO KBaAH4HKaUH1O AOAmHOCTHbIMH
C
COOTBeTCTBHe
B
npHBeCTH
Ha
/no3HHHH/
AoA2RHOCTeH
OTAeAbHbIX
H
opraHH3aUHH
CTPYKTYPHPOBaHH9
AAR
HeO6XOAHMbIe
HaBbiKH,
Ha HHAHBHAyaAbHOM YPOBHe Heo6xoAHMo
6aHKoM.
ycnemHoro BbinOAHeHHM onepagHi
KaK
AAR
paspa6OTaHHoA
H
OpHeHTHpOBaHHOH
cnegHaAbHO
CTpyKTypbI,
opraHH3aUHOHHOH
pecypcaMH
meAOBeqeCKHMH
a )xPeKTHBHoro ynpaBAeHHM
BCHKoro
COTpy,4HHKoB. Ba2KHOfi OTnIpaBHOH TO9KOH
Tpe6oBaHHMMH.
*
H
O1TH-MH&gHR yPOBHH .40AlHOC7eH H o6ecCeeHHe Heo6XO4HMorO Ha6opa yMHfflf HaBMlKOB.
KOAH'ieCTBa AioAeH,
Heo6xoAHMoro
H yMeHHH,
HaBbIKOB
npeAnpHRTHM,
yMeHHiU
Ha
Aio6oro
BOAee Toro,
H HaBbIKOB,
9
c'HTaTb
MO2KHO
opraHH3aU
o6AaAaIOUJHX Hy2KHbIM Ha6opoM
H pa3Hoo6pa3HeM AeAa
BeAeHHH KOHKpeTHoro
MeCTaX AAR
HaAH'He
AaHHoro
To 2Ke YCAOBHe MBAMeTCM Heo6XOAHMbIM H AAR Kam2AOro a
opraHH3agUH,
ypoBHm
TaKme
ropH3OHTaAbHO
no
BceH
riocKOAbKy Heo6XOAHMOCTb B pa6oTHHKax, ypOBHe H Ha6ope
Heo6xOAHMbIX
CTpeMHTbCH
nOCTOMHHO
Hym2HbIX
opraHH3aUHH.
noApa3AeAeHHR opraHH3aUHH.
Ka2K4Ao
3aaAa'eH
OCHOBHOU
noCTORHHO
AAR pa6oTbl,
o6ecne'HTb
BO3MOMHOCTH
MeHSioTcM, cnpoca
6yAyiIero
6aHK AoA2lKeH H
6yAyMHx
Tpe6oBaHHU. *
&opMHpoBaHHe )7paBHAbHbIX HaBbIKOB H pa3Bme nHpoHsBoH4cTBeHHoH AKyAbTyphi.
aHK
He cMo2IeT PYHK!ZHOHHPOBaTb, eCAH ero pa6OTHHKH He 6yAyT BAaAeTb geAbiM Ha6opoM Heo6xOAHMblx yMeHHi H HaBbIKOB, He Bbipa6oTaloT onpeAeAeHHoro OTHOuIeHHM K CBOeH pa6oTe, K 6aHRKy, K KAHeHTaM, 'iepe3
KOTOpylO
HX
KoAAeraM, T.K. HMeHHO 8TH OTHOIIeHHS
BHeprHS,
HX
yMeHHR
6yAyT
HanpaBAeHbl
H COCTaBHT CThb, Ha
AOCTHmeHHM
npoH3BOACTBeHHbIX pe3yAbTaTOB Bcero 6aHKa H nOBbIIneHHH ypOBHH o6cAymHBaiHH
KAHeHTOB.
3
HaqHT,
OCHOBHOU
3aAamei
6aHKa
153
HBAHeTCH
6
OT op,
onpeAeAeHHe
ero
H
YirpeCAeiNe pymoso.4'Ca H JiomrmreHHe 'yrCHwreAbwocTH w niepemeHam qPopMHPOBaHHe Heo6xoAHMbJx HaBbiKOB, yMeHHi H B3rAHWOB, KOTOpbIe BMecTe co3maioT HHCTHTWyHOHaAbHyIO KyAbTypy 6aHKa.
*
YmpammeHHe
4eHTeAbHOCTrhO
cAo2KHee,
no
BHewiiHeH
cpeAbi,
mepe Toro no
HH4HBH4NMOB H OT4eAOB AA 4OC71WCeHRH mepe Toro, KaK opraiimagH CTaHOBHTCH KpynHee H
Ho
HHCTTmyMHOHaAbHbMX gMeAe.
KaK
mepe
oHa
TOrO
Ha'IHHaeT KaK
HcnbITbIBaTb
opraHnalim
Bo3pacTaiowee
peHiaeT
4aBAcHHe
co6cTBeHHble
HymAbI, HCnOAb.syR orpaHHsieHHbie H HeAOCTaTOsHbie pecypcbx AAR yAoBAeTBopeHH* BTHX HymA, cTaHOBHTCH ace 6oAee H 6oAee TPYAHblIM AOCTH9b mKeAaeMbIx pe3yAbTaTOB B CnegHqpH'IeCKoH npOH3BOACTBeHHOH AeqTeAbHOCTH. AOCTH2KeHHe aTHX 2eAaeMbix noKa3aTeAeH Tpe6yeT PYKOBOACTBa H ynpaBAeHHH - pyKoBoAcTBa, KOTOpOe MOrAo 6 bl UPOABHTb cnoco6HOCTH
KOTOpoe o6AaAaAo 6bl Heo 6 xoAHMbIMH HaBbiKaMH, MOrAO 6bl cKoHMeHTPHPOBaTb cBoe BHHMaHHe Ha Heo6xoAHMbiX Ba2KHbiX npo6AeMax H 6 blAo 6bl AOCTaTOMHo aKTHBHbIM. HeTBepTaR BamHaH 3aAasa ynpaBAeHHH HHTyHUHH,
KOTopoe
qeAoBeqeCKHMH pecypcaMH saKA04oaeTCH B ynpaiBAeHHH AeHTeAbHOCTbJO H noKa3aTeAAMH pa6oTbl COTPYAHHKOB Ha HHAHBHAyaAbHOM ypOBHe, ypOBHe He6oAbLUHx KOAAeKTHBoB H nOAPa3AeAeHHH, AAH Toro sTo6bi o6ecneqHTb peaAH3aUHio MeAeH H 3aAaq scero yqpeKAeHHH.
Bce
seTbipe
3aAaqH
/CMOTpHTe AHarpaMMy/. saAaqH
6aHKa,
BeAeT
K
6aHKa
pa6oTHHKoB AaHHOrO
H
SaTpaT
6aHKa
HMeeT
o6AacTH
me
(HHaHCOB
H.3AHWI1Hee H
AAH
H
6aHKOBCKHM
pa3BHTHR
KOAHseCTBO
ero
KAHeHToB,
pa6oTbl.
cTpaTerH1O H CnoKOHHO
pa6oTHHKOB pa3'beAaeT,
B
6aHKe
rIOApblBaeT KoAHseCTBO
K HeBO3MOmHOCTH AAR
H HrpaTb CBOIO POAb
B o6ujeii cTpyKType
aqxpeKTHBHOCTH 6aHKa. HeAocTaToqHas
sq4eKT,
6HsHecoM
HAH
HeAocTaToqHoe
6aHKa BeAeT B PC3yAbTaTe
CBOH 3aAaqH
cnoco6cTBy
TaKofi
B
coBepCeICHCTBOBaHHIO
BbInOAHRTb
K ynpaBAeHHio
opraHHsagHR He CMomeT peaAH3oBaTb
6aHKa,
B Aio6oM H3 noApa3AeAeHHfi
6aHKOBCKOAi opraHH3aUHH,
OTHOUJeHHe
cpeAe pbIHKa. H AAH
meLuaeT
nOAPasAeAeHHM
pa6oTHHKoB
geAH
B KOHKypeHTHOH
yBeAHseHHIO
KyAbTypy
HeaqxpeKTHBHaH
BblnOAHHTb
CyUgeCTBOBaTb
npaMoc
HMelOT
KBBAHmHKHagm
KaK
H HeAOyKOMnAeKTOBaHHOCTb nepcoHaAa: pa6oTHHKH He MoryT aqBpeKTHBHO BeCTH 6aHKoBcKoe AeAO. KyAbrypa 6H3Heca, KoTopaH HanpaBAeHa Ha CHHmeHHe npOH3BOAHTeAbHOCTH TpyAa, Tome BeAeT K noTep3M, K riAOXHM noKa3aTeARM B pa6oTe, MaAoH a8XpeKTHBHOCTH H HeBo3MOKHOCTH ycnelDHo HeKBaAH(PHUHPOBaHHbie
KOHKypHpOBaTb H, B 6oAbLuei CTeneHH meM 'ITo-AH6o Apyroe, memLaeT coBeplueHcTBOBaHHlo pa6oTbl H ee noKa3aTeAefi. Aame B yCAOBHRX, KorAa HMelOTCR AOcTaTOsHbie HymHbIe pecypcbI, OTCYTCTBHe ynpaBAeHHR Ha eKeAHeBHOM YPOBHe H B AoAroCpoqHoH nepcneKTHBe, ynpaBAeHHR, KoTopoe BcAo 6bl OpraHH3BaHIO K AOCTH2KeHHIO 'eTKHX, RCHO cOPMyAHpoBaHHblx CgeAeH H AOCTHmeHHIO BbICOKHX CTaHAapTOB, 3ariAaHHPOBaHHb!e pe3yAbTaTbi He cMoryT 6blTb AOCTHrHyTbi. H Hao6opOT, 6aHK, KOTOpbIH npO.RBAAeT ycnelUHOCTb PYKOBOACTBa qeAOBeOecKHMH pecypcaMH, yme BAaAeeT KAio9eBbJMH r1O3HUHRMH AAH co3saHHH H yKpenAeHHR HaAe2KHOCTH cBoero
npeAnpHHTHH,
cnoco6eH
BHeCTH
CBOHi
B
BKAaA
nOMOqb
pa3BHTHe
CBoei
CBOHM
KAHeHTaM
CTpaHbl
H,
Ao6HTbcH
sTO
npogBeTaHHn,
HeMaAoBamHo,
B
MomeT
o6ecneqeHHe
npeKpaCHbIX YCAOBHH pa6oTbl AAA cBoero nepcoHaAa. IPOHHBblBaI
rieTbipe
BbilllenepeUHCAeHHbIX
YAOBAeTBOPHTb HHTepecbi H HymAbI co6cTBeHHoro Tome cqHTaeTca o'eHb BamHoFI.
154
3aAaqH,
naHTa
KoAAeKTHBa
3maAaqa
-
BOSMO2KHOCTb
H co6CTBeHHbIX
pa6OTHHKOB -
Cos94aHHe qeAoweqeCIxoro
cnoco6Hble
y4pemAeHHH,
bITb TbICR'M
AIOAeH,
npeBpaT5iT
KOTOpbIe
CBOH OpraHH3agHH
B
Ha TO, 'iTo
6
C
H3MeHeHHRMH,
b!
IIOMO'Ib CBOHM H
84PeKTHBHO
KAHeHTaM
nOMOMb
pa6oTe,
B
YPOBHeM
Heo6xOAHMbIM
OBAaAeTb
H
CnpaBHTbCB
npeAHa3HaqeHHe,
CBoe
BbilnOAHHTb
OCHOBy Kapbepbl
HM Mo2IeT COCTaBHTb
Heo6xOAHMbie yMeHHH, HanpaBHTb CBOIO 8HeprH1O
Cq)opMHpOBaTb KOAAeraM
6
Mo2IeT
MHorHX cOTeH,
2KH3HH
ynpaBAeHHe
6aHKa H
Co3AaHHe COBpeMeHHoro
6aowta
KItaHnTaA
UeAecoo6pa3Ho BeCTH CBOH AeAa c 6aHKoM. IOMHMO npHHSTbI
H,
YPOBeHb
POAHTeARMH
cAy'aqx,
MHorHX
BO
onpeAeAeHHbIH
BbinOAHHTb
o6S3aTeAbCTBa
nepeA
BaMHb!M AAA TOro, qTo6bi
CAy2KHTb CBOCMY
pa3BHBaTb
H
cyujeCTBeHHO
HBARCTCH
KaK opraHH3a!!HH
KAHCHTY H npeycneTb
HauiHx
HHTepeCaMH
C
nOCTOIHHO
KOTOpbIH
pecypCoB,
'qeAOBeeCKCHX
KOMnOHeHT
COBepm11eHCTBOBaTb
cyMeeM
Mbl
yAoBAeTBOPHIOTCcH,
HHTepecbi
aTH
ECAH
pa6oTHHKoB.
CqHTaTbCH
ynpaBARS
AeAOM,
6aHKOBCKHM
ynpaBAsi
nOCTOSIHHO
o6R3aHbi
Mbi
pecypcaMH,
ieAOBeqeCKHMH
H,
AeCTHHue.
CAy2Ke6HOH
no
npOABHraTbC3i
AaAbIle,
yqHTbcS!
BO3MO2KHOCTH
KOHTaKTOB,
COHaAbHbIX
pa3BHTHR
BO3MO2KHOCTH
AeTbMH,
cnpaBeAAHBoro
xopomuHe yCAOBHH, HHTepecHyio
SsHarpamAeHHH 3a CHOH TpyA, KaK npHAHqHOe MeCTO pa6oTbl, pa6oTy,
aTO
2KH3HeHHblH
cynpyraMH,
HCTOnHHK
KaK
6aHK
paCCMaTpHBaIoT
OHH
AHMaMH.
H ApyrHMH
noAAep2KHBaTb
6yAyT -
o6H3aTeAbCTBa
AHUHbie
H
HMelOT
2KH3Hb,
Ha
ce6e
sapa6aTblBaTb
o6H3aHHocTb
COTPYAHHKH
HallH
CAy2KaiIHMH,
HaHIHMH
Mbl HaAeeMcH
KOTOpbie,
nepeA cBOeH KopriopagHeeH,
o6R3aTeAbcTB
CBOHX
B CBOeH
OTpaCAH 6H3Heca.
B
OCHOBHbIX
KaK nrHTb
onHcaHo,
rAaBe
AaHHOH
3aAaq
6bITb
MOryT
B yCAOBHRX
peiueHbi
cepHH CHCTeM, 6aHKa B pa3BHBaiotMeficq CTpaHe. BameMy BHHMaHHio 6yAeT npeAAo2KeHa UeAaa opraHH3aUHOHHbie KOTOpbie qpe3BbiaiHO Bam2HbI AAA pewueHHH Ka2AOH 3aAaqH, Mbi OnHiueM KOTOpble
Tpe6oBaHHH, UeAH,
a
HBAsIOTCB
Ha
OCTaHOBHMCH
TaK2Ke
CTpaHe
pa3BHBaloujefHc
9eAoBeneCKHMH pecypcamH.
B
PYKOBOAHTeAHMH
AHHeHHbIMH
cAy2K6bI
KaApOB
AHHeHiHbie cAy2t6bi,
nOBCeAHeBHOH
pecypcaMH,
rOTOBAT
HMCIOT B
CBOH
noApa3AeAeHHH.
BTOH nporpamme
nepCOHaA
pa6oTe. IIPH BTOM OHH
npHMeHHS
pa3pa6oTaHHbie
6aHKa,
a
B
TaKmKe
3oHe
pa3AHqHbie
H PYKOBOART
PYKOBOAHTeARMH
aToro
ynpaBACHHS
AeRTeAbHOCTbIO
npHeMbi
H
pa3Hyio
nOAHTHKy,
YPOBHH
co3AalOT CBOH
OHH aTOrO
HCnOAb3yIOT CBOH HaBb!KH ynpaBAeHHA
pecypcaMH KaK B HHTepecax cBoero noApa3AeAeHHH, PyKOBOAHTeAH 6OAee BbicoKoro
pOAb.
BeAyujylO
B 6aHKe, OHH BbIlnOAHHIOT KAioMeBbie nporpaMMbl
TaKoHf nporpaMMoH.
pyKOBOAHTeARMH,
BCCMH
pa6oTHHKH 6aHKa c camoro BepxHero YPOBHR A0 camoro HHmHero.
PYKOBOAHTrAH
oTAeAbi,
noApa3AeACHHH
coegHaAH3HpOBaHHblX
H
B C e
OKa3blBalOTCH
Ka2KAoro
pecypcOB B KOHKpeTHOM 6aHKe.
OCylgeCTBAHeTCH
pecypcaMH
-leAOBe'eCKHMH
YnpaBAeHHe
COCTOIHHR
3aKAIO'eHHe rAaBbi npeAAaraeTcB cxema onpeAeAeHHR
H CTeneHH PaBBHTHH napaMeTpoB COCTOHHHH 'eAOBeieCKHX
B
ynpaBAeHHH
3(P4KTHBHOrO
OCyigeCTBAeHHeM
C
6aHKoM
nepeA
CTOHRUHX
npo AeMax,
nOCTaBAeHHbie
peaAH.3oBaTb
BO3MO2KHOCTH 6
KOHKPeTHbIX
CBR3aHHb[X
H
AAR
HCXOAHbIMH
nepcoHaAa
B
MeAOBeCeCKHMH
npoMeAypbl
H
CpeACTBa,
ynpaBAeHHH 4eAOBeqeCKHMH
TaK H B HHTCpecax ecero 6aHKa.
irpalOT Bam2HYIO
pOAb,
ocy%eCTBAHR
DaHKOBCKoe PYKOBOACTBO pa3pa6aTblBaeT cTpaTerHio,
PYKOBOACTBO
UeAH H HOpMaTHBbl,
a Bce pyKOBOAHTeAH H pa6oTHHKH 6aHKa CTpeMHTCH BbilnOAHsrTb HX B npaKTHKe nOBCeAHeBHOH 6aHKa pa6oTbl. Ha co6cTeHHoM npHmepe HAH HcnoAb3yH nplHeMbi ynpaBAeHHH, PYKOBOACTBo
155
YxpeCIAeJWe pJYWOBOrCTJ?a N
COsAaeT
HAH Pa3BHBaeT
_
_0JICNNC VayCTuFAebHwOCm
npOH3BOACTBeHHYIO KyAbTypy cBoero yqpe2fAeHHR.
Heo6xoAHMoCTb B Hs3MeHeHHH HanpaBAeHH 6
YCTpaHeHHH
HMe0I1oHXCH
ytlpemAeHHe,
BeCb KoAAeKTHB,
PyKoBoAHTeAH HrpalOT
coAepmKaHHe
OIIIH OK.
cAym6bI
Ba.HylO pOAb nOAHTHKH
npoge,Aypy
AmA
pa3BHBaTb
HaBbIKH
pecypcaMH.
3a
M0KHO
ero pa6oTbl, HAH
cKa3aTb,
ynpaBAeHH5
CBOHMH
H BCe COTPYAHHKsH
PYKOBOACTHa
BeAeT
CBOe
OHH
Bo
KoAAeKTHBaMH.
Ka4eCTBOM
H
OHH o6ecneqHBaioT
B o6AacTH Ha6opa COTpyAHHKOB,
COCTOMHHeM
H pa3pa6aTbIBaloT
AHHeHHbIM MHorHx
pyKOBOAHTreAmm
ympe2mAeHHRx
nOArOTOBKH
BbiIoAHeHHe BamHHoH o6yqeHsH,
OHH peKoMeHAyIoT
pecypcaMH
nomoraiOT
noApa3AeAeHHHH
THX
H noAAep2KKH.
'ieAoBeCieCKHMH
aTOii nOAHTHrH.
ynpaBAeHHH
OHO onpeAeAxeT
coBepwJeHCTBOBaHHR
6aHKca,
_epevear
ero pa6oTy.
ocygi_eCTBAeHHH
peaAH3aMHH
qeAoBe4ecKHMH
HAH
PYXOBOACTBo
BO3rAaBAm
B o6AaCTH
KOHTpOAb
6H3Heca,
KaApOB, OTAcAa o6y"eHsH
AAH
OCY3eCTBASIOT
MeponpHHTHs
_
K
saAamH
OHH
ynpaBAeHHR
H
no noAAepmKe
opraHH3aMHH H BeAeHHn yqeTa Bcex
KIapOBbJX HMmeHeHHH.
B
p&3Af'HbiX CTpaHaX H B pa3AHsHblx 6aHKax aTH POAH MoryT cyLqeCTBeHHO pa3AH'laTbcq.
TaK HanpHMep,
BO
npmeme Ha pa6oTy, npoABH2KeHHH
no
MHorHx
CTpaHaX
noAroToBKe, cAyme6HoH
PYKOBOAHTeAH
OTAeAOB
Ha3HaqeHHH Ha AOA2KHOCTb, AecTHHge,
oupeAeAeHHH
KaApOB nepeBoAe
npHHHMalOT
Ha APYrYlO AOA?KHOCTb,
BO3HarpamAeHHR
ApyrHX cTpaHax MBAHeTcH o6a3aHHocTblo AHHeHHbIx pyKoBoAHTeAeH
peiueHHH o
3a
pa6oTy,
MTo
B
HAH COBeTa AHpeCTOPOB.
B
HeCKOTOPbJX
CTpaHaX COTPYAHHKH OTAeAa KaAPOB Hrpaior npaKTHieCKH aAMHHHCTPaTHBHYIO pOAb. HeKoTopoe CMetIeHHe aKieHTa B pacnpeAeAeHHH o6H3aHHocTeA B ynpaBAeHHH pa.3BBTH ieAOBeCleCKHMH pecypcamH MO2eT BbI3BaTb H3MmHeHHSH YnpaBAeHHe
qeAoBeqeCKHMH
pa.Hoo6pa3Hblx
CTPYKTYP
OKOAO
20
geAeH
ycrielUHOCTH
pecypcaMH
H nOACTpyKTyp.
B Fo
B pe3yAbTaTax Bcesi pa6oTbl 6aHKa.
6aHKe
ripHHHMaeT
co6cTBeHHoMy
(iOpMy
OnbITY
MHOroI'HCAeHHbIX
3Hao,
'TO
CYU4eCTBYeT
cHcTeM, KOTOpbie nlpeACTaBARIOT ynpaBAeHHH.
6oAbulyo Ba2KHOCTb B AOCTH2KeHHH nOCTaeBAHHbx OHH rpa4HieCKH llpeCTaBAeHbI Ha BCTaBKe 5.1. Ho xoAy
H3Ao2KeHHR MaTepHaAa rAaBbI Mbi onHllieM H o6cyAHM KamAyIo HS3 8THX cHcTeM. Bce aTH cHcTeMbi OpHeHTHPOBaHbl Ha Ae4CTBHe H AOCTH2KeHHe opraHH3aMHK,
nOArOTOBKY
H
ynpaBAeHHe
aAMHHHcTpaTHBHoH
CTOPOHbl
3apa6oTHoA
Ha3HaMeHHe
2KHAbeM,
nAaTbI,
o6fee
6
ynpaBAeHHH, neHcHi,
o6pa3oBaHHe H T.A.
B Aio oM H3 HHX,
'eAoBeeeCKHMH He
yCAyrH
pecypcaMH.
KacalOTCH B
MOpaAbHOrO
AeA,
no
KOTOpble
CBOHM rIOTeHUHaAbHbJM
Moryr o6ecnCe'HTb
BO3MO2KHOCTRM
CHCTeMbi ynpaBAeHHH,
OHH
He
BOnpOCOB
3ApaBooxpaHeHHi,
Ayxa,
MOryT OKa3aTbCn HCTO-iHHKOM Ccepbe3HbX 3aTpaT Ami 6aHKa. CAOmHoCTH,
TaKHX
o6AaCTH
Bce aTH acneKTbI Ba2KHbl,
cnoco6CTByIOT CHH2KeHHIO
KOHKpeTHbIX Pe3yAbTaTOB
Ho
H HeAOCTaTK.H meAaHHS
B
3aTparHalo'T KaK
BbILAaTa
o6ecne'ieHHe cyigeCTBylOZJHC
pa6oTaTb
XOpOIUO H
OHH HecOnOCTaBHMbi no cBoeC
BO3AeHCTBHH
Ha ycnelUHOCTb
BeAeHHR
O KOTOpbiX noHAeT pe-'b B AaHHOM
pa3AeAe.
UEAb 1: OPrAHmOBATb 304EKTHBHYIO PABOTY CBOHX COTPYaHHKOB Bo
MHorHx cTpaHax,
HO
B oco6eHHocTH B pa3HBsBaiOujHXCR CTpaHaX, rOCYAapCTBeHHb1e H ApyrHe He 'aCTHbie 6aHKH o6btrHo upeAcTaBARioT co6ofi KpynHbie yRpemAeHHH C TOqKH 3peHHR
'iHcAa pa6oTaoujHx B HHX. 4OBOAbHO 'iacTo BcTpeiawOTcCR 6aHKH, B KOTOpblX pa6OTaiOT OT
156
5
CoA4aiauze vetoaeqecxoro xrairiata5aura
BCTaDKa 5.1 FOypaBAeHHs qeAoBeqecKcHMH pecypcamn OcHoBHbIe phiqarH aqi43er.TKHoBo 3
OpraHBomBah 90peKrHBHyzO pa6oTy Aio4e4:
aaa Y1.
opraHH3agHOHHa
*
CTpyKTypa;
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH;
*
onpeAeAeHHu
*
CTPYKTYPHPOBaHHU
.
yKoMrAelKToBaHHOCTb no Tpe6oBaHHIO.
2.
344ava
pa6oqHx MeCT;
H
ypOBeHb yKOmzAeCKTOBaHHOCTH
Omw1AHMHBHpOBaTb
HeO6xoHmNbrx
Na6opa
HaBbJKOB:
B pa6oTe; 01THMH3agHA HmeioulerocH ypoBHs nepcoHaAa H HaBbIKOB pecypcbl. o6ecneieHHe meminoigeroca cnpoca Ha IeAoBeMeCKHe
* *
3
- 4aaYa
3.
KyAbTypbl. cIJOpMHpOBaNHe eo6xo,4HMbJX HaBbhIOB H uapoH3Bo.4CTBeHmOR
*
aHlAH3 Heo6XOAHMbIX HaBbIKOB;
*
HHAHBHAyaAbHaR o0eHKa;
*
o6y'qeHHe H nOArOTOBKa;
*
pa3BHTHe HHCTHTyUHOHaAbHOH KyAbTypbl; Ha6Op H oT6op pa6oTHHKoB no cnoco6HocTHM.
*
4aaa 4.
3
AO
m4.ocrTHeKHH
YrpameuHe pa6oToi
ge.Ae,i B 4amHom 6HsHece:
*
pa3BHTHe AH4epCKHX q)yHKIHH;
*
AeAoBoe rLAaHHpOBaHHe;
*
noCTaHOBKa igeAe
*
pa6OTbl; OTCAC2tHBaHHC p3eyAbTaTHBHOCTH H HMCepeHHe pe3yAbTaTOB
*
ynpaBaeHHe nOoi4peHHHMH;
.
MOTHBaUHR
*
aKTHBHoe ynpaBAeHHe.
10
Tb1CH1
H pa3pa6oTKa MeponpHRTHH;
K pa3BHTH10 KapbCpbl;
qeAOBeK.
H
HeKoTopble
pa6oTHHKoB.
KoHeCIHo,
B
30, 50
HacYHTbIBaiouI4He
BbICOKY1o
HMCIOT
6aHKH
ULeHTpaAbHbIX ynpaBAeHHHX.
eCTb 6aHKH,
KOHUeHTpaUHio
H 6oAee TbICH' nepcoHaAa
cBoero
B
3aHRTO 6oAbUIHHCTBe 2Ke 6aHKOB OCHOBHoe qHCAO pa6oTHHKOa
B OTAeAeHHHX. aTo
Bce
orpoMHoe
ynpanAeH-lecKHx, /HAH
TeXHHMecKHX,
o6,beAKHeHHbIX/ BOKpyr
BTO npeAcTaBAAeT THnOB
KOAHieCTBO
onepaHgHH
OKa&aHHH
KOHTOpCKHX
H
ApyrHx
Ha
ACAHTCR KaTerOpHH
HecKOAbKo
pa6oTHHKoB,
npoBoAaTca
50 AAA
ycAyr,
npOAYKHeCH
YPoBHeH
pacCeHHHbIX
H Bce HAH 6oAee BH4OB npOAyK1HH, yCAyr H THnOB pa6oTbl. IHpOKyIO H HeO4HOpOAHY10 KapTHHy. COTHU pa3AHqHbIX
co6oH AOBOAbHO
OrlAa'HBaeMbIX
o6R3aTeAbCTBaMH,
pa6oTHHKoB
a6ecneqeHHA
pa6oTbl
CBS3aHHbIX
AeACTBHH,
Ka3HaqeHCKHX
no BKAaAaM,
cAy2K6,
157
C
BblAa1e
CCyA H
ynpaBACHHeM
KaCCOBbIMH
Onepa1HsMH,
saHMoB,
aKTHBaMH
H
AeHeCHbIMH
YKpensieaHe pYKOBOARCTra
o JzoWshIIemwe qyBerCTeTAAbocT7
paCmeTaMH, BeAeHHeM 3anHCce no AeAaM H onepaMHRM KAHeHTOB, OT'eTHOCTbIO, ynpaBAeHHeM nepcoHaAoM, 3aKynKaMH H T.A.
K izepeMenaM
BHyTpeHHeH
H BHeiuHeCH
qauge qeM BO MHorHX ApyrHx KOMnaHHHX, B 6aHKax Ha6AIOAaeTCH MeAoe crlAeTeHHe OTHOuiIeHHH, B3aHMocBR3eH. HanpHMep, oTA4AeHHH o6ecneiHBaloT AaHHbie AAR OTAeAa y4eTa H oT'eTHOCTH /6yxraATepHM H cTaTHcTHKH/ KOTOpoe roToBHT AaHHbIe AAH cHcTeM ynpaBAeHqecKoH HH4popMaUHH, KOTOpbIe nOCTaBAH1OT Heo6xOAMble CBeAeHHR pyKOBOACTBY 6aHKa,
KOTOpbIe OCYU4CCTBAHJOT MOHHTOpHHr AeHTeAbHOCTH H pey3AbTaTOB Ha YPOBHe rAaBHOrO ynpaBAeHHH, OTAeAeHHH H perHOHOB. KpeAHTHbIii aHaAH3, nOAy'4CHHe oAo6peHHk/pa3petmeHHR Ha BblAaty KpeAHToB, ynpaBAeHHe H MOHHTOPHHr MoryT ocyIgeCTBAHTbCR
Ha pa3Hb1X ypOBHHX H B pa3HblX CAym6aX OTAeAeHHH, MO2KCT nPOXO4HTb 'epe3 napaAA AbHbie nlOApa3AeAeHHa Ha perHOHaAbHOM ypoBHe H mepe3 CO0TBeTCTBYI0lUHe cAy2K6bi rAaBHoro ynpaBAeHHH.
H
B aToH, yme ceHinac CAO2KHOH o6cTaHoBKe,
Tpe6oBaHHA.
PacwMpHeTcq
Mbl MO2KCM Ha6AIoAaTb InOBCeMeCTHbIH POCT nOTpe6HTeAbCKHx ycAyr H BHAOB ripeAAaraemoH 6aHKoM
c4pepa
npO4y1KHH, KOTOpblMH npHxOAHTCH 3aHHMaTbCR nepcoHaAy 6aHKa. KaK HHAHBHAyaAbHbie, TaK H K0PnOpaTHBHbie KAHeHTbl 6aHKa o0KHAalOT Bce 6oAee BbICOKoKaqeCTBeHHbIX yCAyr. AOHAbHOCTb KAHeHTa cTaHOBHTcH Bce MeHee BbIpameHHOH H HBHOH. Bo MHorHX CAy-iaHX, rAe eCTb BO3MO2KHOCTb Bbi6opa, KAHeHTbl C roToBHOCTblo nepeBOAHT CBOH 6HwHec TyAa, rAe OHH HaXOAHT 6oAee BbICOKHH YPOBeHb o6cAymHBaHHH,
6oAee paqHoo6pa3Hble BHAbJ YCAYF H Ay'ilmee
OTHOmeHHe K ce6e. ToqHo
TaK
me
Bo3paCTaloT
/roCyAaPCTBeHHbie, BbICOKHX pe3yAbTaTOB
npoJlL&oe,
HHOrAa
Bo3pacTaeT
H
BHeLUHHe
Tpe6oBaHHH
HHCTHTYlHOHaAH3HPOBaHHbie
CTerieHb
6aHKy.
6bICTpO
AeperyAHpOBaHHq.
B
BHe3anHo.
H
OT
AKIqHOHepbi
6aHKa
omHAaioT
6oAee
HHAHBHAyaAbHbie/
no CpaBHeHHIo C nIIpoiAbIM nepHOAOM.
B pa6OTe,
CAHWUKOM
H
K
6aHKOB
HeKOTOPbIX
mAyT
CY6CHAHH yXOART
CTpaHaX
6OAblloil
aHaAH3y
YPOBHe
Ha
MeC2AyHapOAHbIX
KOTOPbIMH AerKO o6Hapy2KHBaeTcH a
BCAeA
npHHRAH
3a
BTHM
BbICOKHH
npoAoAKalOT 2KHBaR pOCT 6aHKH
H
BeCTH
Tpe6oBaHHH
CTaBKH,
6H3Heca nORBAAIOTC.R
Ho Aame
,4AA Toro
'qTo6bi
TaK
opraHH,oBaHbl, OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb
H
npH6bIAbHbIMH. TaM,
rAe
6aHKH
H
BeCb
BTOT
H3BHe,
t
TbICR IH
HHTerpHpoBaHbl
H
3a AOCTH2KeHHe
pa6OTHHKH Ha Ka2AoM KOHKPeTHOM
KOTOpbie
HageAeHbl Tpe6yeMoro
Ha
MXaHH3M
158
cnpoca
-
OHH CAep-
Tpe6yR, qT06b1
ce6A
CBo6OAHbl
xaK
Meew.ll
xax
oTpaCAb
KanHTaAa, HaAe2KHOCTH H
B3aHMOCBR3aHHbIX
cnpoca
ypoBHIO
pa6oTaloT
AOCTHmeHHe
pe3yAbTaTa
MecTe AOAMHbi
cTpaHb1
KpeAHTOBaHHH,
oujyialoT
OTHOCHTeAbHO
Bo3pacTaioiiemy
AioAeHi,
HeKoTopble
H OAHOBpeMeHHO
BaHKH
C
KOTOpbIe AOBOAbHO TPYAHO AOCTHrHyTb.
CAO2KHbliH
COOTBeTCTBOBaTb
COOTBeTCTBHH
YPOBeHb
cy6cHAHpoBaHHoro
ripaBHTeAbCTBO
H peHTa6eAbHOCTH,
3aCTaBHTb
aq"eKTHBHO
opraHH3aUHH,
HAH
B
noABepraioTcR
HenAaTe2Kecnoco6HoCTb,
Mepbl.
KOH(AHKTaMH
HOBbJe HOpMaTHBbi noKa3aTeAeH AOCTaToqHOCTH
KaieCTBa nOpT(peA31 KpeAHTOB,
pa6oTaTb
H
KoppeKTHBHbie
rpO3HJIJHH
(HHaHCHpyR
nAaTe2Kecnoco6HbIMH
H HaKOBaAbHeH.
npHHRTb
HanpaBAeHHoro
noAHTHKY
y'eTa,
CyU4CCTBYIOU4aH HAH noTCHVHaAbHaH
nOTeH4gHaAbHo
npogeHTHoH
6blAH
MOAOTOM
HAyT
CTaHAapTOB
3HaqHTeAbHO
CaMOCTORTeAbHOCTH.
BaAaHcoBbie oTmeTbI 6aHKoB, OTqeTbI O npH6 bIAHX H y6blTKax Bce 6oAee meCTKO
OTKpblTOMy
B
AOA2Ha
B
6aHKe,
AOA2Hbi
KoHKpeTHbIX 6blTb
6bITb opraHHSOBaHbi
(pyHJqHH
KaK
'ieTKo
BHYTpH 6
blTb
pe3yAbTaTOB. onpeAeAeHa,
B CTpyKTypy,
wTo6b
Cosa4aHHe weAoBevecxroro KaHirTaAa 6aHira
yAOBAeTBOpRTb
aAeKBaTHble
Toro, MTo6bi
AAH
HaBb1KH
Bce
noApa3AeAeHHH.
C 3aAa4aMH AaHHOFO
CnpaBHTbCR
HmeUMCOHX
pa6oTHHKoB,
KOAH'eCTBOM
Heo6xOAHMbIM
yKOMn.AeKTOBaHbI
6bITb
AOA2Hbi
noApa3AeAeHHn
CTPYKTYPHbIe
BCe
Tpe6oBaHHHM,
HHM
K
npeAbHBAxeMbIM
aTH SaAaqH paccMOTpeHbl B coAep2KaHHH AaHHOH rAaBbi. CTp.ITyp pNofa Nme oprasHH3afNH pecypcamH HBAHeTCH opraHH3agHOHHOe
XOPOIIHM Ha-aAOM AAH ynpaBAeHHH 'eAoBemecKHMH
CTPaTerHio
OCy7geCTBAHeT cTpaTerHIO
yCAyr,
KAio'leBble
palKTopbi
sce
-
H
pa3AH-IHbie
H
KOTOpa.S
CTpyKTypbl,
opraHH3aglHOHHOA
xapaKTep
STO onpeAeAHeT
npoAyKuHH
BHAbI
YCAOBHR
KOHKpeTHbie
MeAH, pa3AH%HbIC
K0opnOpaTHBHbie
pa3AHqHble
cBolo
PCaAH3OB Tb
pa3AHqHbIe
cTpaTerHH,
Pa3AHqHble
nAaHbl.
H OCyU4eCTBHTb
3
B aHK
HAaHHPOBaHHe/.
'TO6bl
TOrO,
4AA
opraHH3aIHJO
CTpyKTYPHYIO
CBOIO
rAaBy
/CM.
pbIHKH
oxapaKTepH3OBaHbl
ycAyr,
H
H peiueHHH
KOAHmeCTBeHHbie noKa3aTeAH pa6OTbl 6aHKa, OnHCaHbI BHAbi
npo6AeM. B HHX 3apHKCHOBaiHbl npOAyK1%HH
peaAH3aMHH
nyTH
TaK2Ke
a
4eAH,
H
3aAatH
KoHKpeTHbie
H TaKTHKy,
ero
oTpa2KaioT
nAaHbi
pa6onHe
IIIHpOKHe CeAH,
ero
6aHKa,
3aAama
cTpyKTypHpoBaHHe.
KOHKpeTHOrO 6aHKa. HaHAy'qluHM o6pa3oM COOTBCTCTByeT oco6eHHOCTaM pa6oTbl
B
HHTepecax
ycoBepiueHCTBOsaTb nepeA
Ha4HHaH OT He6OAbULIHX
IepeA 6aHKoM *
B
opraHn3agHH
HepecTpoiKa
peopraHH3aguH.
CTOHT
ym2e
6aHKH
yAyquieHHH AO
CKOCMeTH'eCKHXX
Heo6XoAHMOCTH
AHIOM
nepeA
HAH
CTpaTerHH MHOrHe
6aHKa,
aHXpeKTHBHOCTb
HeO6XOAHMOCTbIO
riyTRmH,
HOBOH
pa3pa6oTKH
AH
BCTaHyT
CKOpO
HAH
H4ATH
MO2KCT
paaHbiMH
KaPAHHaAbHbIX H3MeHeHHH.
pa3BHBaoujeficfH CTpaHe CTOHT CAeAyio1UHe npo6AeMbI H TpyAHOCTH: pbIHKaM
KOHKpeTHbIM
yAeAHemoe
BHHMaHHe,
HeAOCTaTOMHOe
HAH
OTACAbHb!M
KAHeHTaM; *
PaSMbITaH
AeAOBOii,
'eM
opraHH3aljHH,
-
B
HeCeTKaR
OTBeTCTBCHHOCTb
oco6eHHocTH oTBeTcTBeHHocTb *
ynpaBAeHHR
nOAHTHKH
HeAOyKoMnAeCKTOBaHbI
Ba^2Hble
(PyHKIHH
nOApa3AeAeHHMMH, *
H
OTAeAbHbIX
pa6oTHHKoB,
B
pe3yAbTaTbl;
ayAxTa
cAym6a
MC2KAY
MapKeTHHra,
HpH¢OpMaUHH,
B
aHaAH3a, CAy'iae
HAH peBH3HOHHaH
"npo6AeMHbIMH"
pa3Apo6AeHbI
HanpHMep [IAaHHpOBaHHC,
onepaUHoHHoro
/HanpHMep
nepCOHaAOM,
ynpaBAeHHHs
OTCYTCTBYIOT,
ynpaBAeHqecKoa
KOHTPOAH,
CpeACTBaMH/,
nOArOTOBKH H o6yqCHHH, *
aa
aKTHBaMH H o6a3aTeAbcTBaMH,
TeXHHmeCCKHMH
200 OTAeAeHHH noA'qHHHIOTCH
-
H
noApa3AeAeHHH
HeKOTOpbie Ba2KHbIC (PyHKIqHH npaKTH'ieCKH KpeAHTHoH
Bce
"CoBeTy";
HenocpeAcTBeHHo *
100
H
CAy'laRX
HCKAIO'iHTeAbHbIX
OTAeAbHbIX,
MmeIogUHecH 10-15 OTAeAOB YnpaBAeHai
o6ujeCTBeHHOH
COOTBCTCTBYIOigaHR
6oAee
CTpyKTypa,
PYKOBOAHRIaH
HHorFa
OHH
o6ecnemeHHR
cAym6a,
oTAeAbi
KpeAHTaMH;
AByMh-TpeMH
He3aBHCHMbIMH
HMeeT MeCTO Ay6AHpoBaHHe OTAeAbHbIX (pyHKUHHl;
B oco6eHHocTH oujyigaeTcR cAa6ocTb ynpaBAeHHA KpeAHTaMH no BceHi opraHH3agHH, B o6AacTH KCpeAHTHorO npo6AeMHbIMH"
aHaAH3a, ynpaBAeHHH H KOHTpOAR 3acMJIHKOB
KpeAHTaMH;
159
H ynpaBAeHHR
YapeizACMe *
pyJKUOOACTBa
MaAoB4CpKTHBHbl
N iombIImeo
onepagHOHHbie
nIOCAeAOBaTeAbHOCTH
pa6oTbl
vywcTrHTeAbHocrH
CTpYKTypbl
B oTAeAeHHRX,
H
Nr iepememar
HeHaAe2KHbl
B nIOApa4ASAeHHRX
npoMeAypbl
ylpaBAeHHR
H B
CTPYKITypHblX nOApa3AeAeHHAX; *
yCTapeBIIIHH CAHIIIKOM
HAH
HeCOOTBeTCTBYIOJIHH
3aHH2KeHHbXH
ynpaBAeHHR
sTo6bi
YPOBeHb 6
MO02HO
HAH CAHIIIKOM BbICOKHH, 'TO
pyKOBOACTBa,
bIAO
BO MHOrHX
o6ecneql4Tb
3aTpyAHieT pa3yMHbIH /
CAyqaRX
8eIXFCKTHBHOCTb
/
B3BeIIIeHHbli,
KOHTpOAb; *
6lopoKpaTHmecKHe
npogeccbx
ynpaBAeHHR,
co6AloAeHHe npogeAyp H q)OpMaAbHOCTeH, *
a
B
OCHOBHOM
HanpaBAeHHbie
He Ha atJxpeKTHBHbie,
Ha
peHTa6eAbHbie,
OpHeHTHPOBaHHbJe Ha HHTepecbi KAHeHTa AeHCTBHH; HeKoTopbie Ba2KHbie ynpaBAeHieCKHe npogeccbi pa3BHTbl
HeAOcTaTOqHO,
HanpHMep,
cTpaTerH'IecKoe
pe3yAbTaTaMH
H OUeHKa
MeponpH9THH,
KOHTpOAb
pey3AbTaTOB
H
AeAOBOe
pa6oTbl,
riAaHHpOBaHHe,
nocTaHOBKa
MeAeH
ynpaBAeHHe H
pa3pa6oTKa
ynpaBAeHHM H CBH3b. HaMe'IeHHbie YCOBeplUeHCTBOBaHHH moryT noTpe6oBaTb, -ITo6bi BHHMaHHe B OCHOBHOM 6blAo yAcAeHO YPOBHIO OTAeAeHHH - AAM Toro, qTo6bi nOAHHTb B(JXJeKTHBHOCTb o6CAymHBaHHR KAHeHTOB Ha ypoBHe oTAeAeHHR HAH AAA OnTHMH3saHH KOAH'eCTBa OTAeAeHHH H HX pa3Me1geHHR. MOmHO COCPeAOTO%IHTb BHHMaHHe Ha perHOHaAbHOM ypOBHe: yCHAHTb POAb perHoHaAbHOH cHcTeMbI B ynpaiBAeHHH noKa-3aTeAHMH pa6oTbl oTAeAeHHH H KOHTPOAHPOBaTb HX onepaUHH, HAH Ha YPOBHe ynpaBAeHHSI - nepeCTpOHTb KAIO'ieBbie nOApasAeAeHHH, npaBHAbHO OnpeAeAHTb npHOPHTeTbl B Ka2mAOM q)YHKUHOHaAbHOM nOApa3AeAeHHH, yCHAHTb PYKOBOACTBO, yCOBeplleHCTBOBaTb ynpaBAeHHe H KOHTpOAb HAH yCHAHTb B(NXeKTHBHOCTb onepagjHH H o6cAyMHBaHH.H KAHeHTOB,
HAH B MeAoM rio 6aHKy: paclUHPHTb H YCOBepL1eHCTBOBaTb npOUecC ynpaBAeHH9, yCOBepWleHCTBOBaTb MCTOAbI KOHTpOAH, rIepeCMOTPCTb H MOAePHH3HPOBaTb YPOBeHb PYKOBOACTBa HAH YCOBeplUeHCTBOBaTb opraHHsagHIo c6opa, o6pa6oTKH H nepeAaRH HHq3opMagHH, Heo6xOAHMOH AAA PYKOBOACTBa 6aHKOM. BoAee q)yHAaMeHTaAbHaA
nepecTpoiKa rioTpe6yeT KOHMeHTpaUHH BHHMaHHH Ha KOHKPeTHbiX H, OpHeHTHPYSCb Ha 6yAyWee pa3BHTHe, Heo6xOAHMOCTH pa3pa6OTKH COOTBeTCTBYIOJIHX CTpaTerHH 6aHKa CTPYKTYPHbIX Tpe6oBaHHRx. MoemeT 6biTb HeO6XOAHMO npOBeCTH HCCKOAbKO THnOB AeHcTBHH. CYUJeCTBYIOUIHX
FlpemAe
Bcero,
noApa3AeAeHHHl, *
npo6AeMax
OipeAeAHTb Heo6xOAHMbIe BaMHbie AAR pa6oTbi 6aHKa KAioqeBbie peaAH.3yloWHe ero cTpaTerHIo H ynpaBAMlO1AHe HaqaBuie*Cl nepecTpoHKOH:
CO3AaTb noApasAeAeHHH, 6
bl
3a
co3AaHHe
H
OpHeHTHPOBaHHbie Ha npOAyKT/pbIHOK,
ynpaBAeHHe
KoTopbie OTBeCaAH
peHTa6eAbHbIMH
HanpaBAeHHHMH 6aHKoBcKoro 6HiHeca B OTA4AbHbIX cAy2m6ax camoro 6aHKa c y'eTOM ero onepaHoHHOrnOrrAama, TaKHe KaK o6cAy2HBaHHe HHAHBHAyaAbHbIX KAHeHToB, MaAOrO 6H3Heca, KoMnaHHH cpeAHero pa3Mepa, 6OAblllHX KOpnOpaUHiH, rCoyAapCTBeHHbIX y-ipemAeHHH, OKa3aHHe MeC2AYHaPOAHbIX
YCAyr
H
HcnOAb3oBaHHe
Ka3HaqeHCTBa.
160
npOAYKTOB
3apy6e2Hblx
6aHKoB
H
CoaigaH,e veAoaeveciroro ranzTraAa 6aHra
xapaKTepHCTHKaMH,
npaBaMH
KBaAHuHUHPOBaHHbIM
nepCOHaAoM AA
KaK TeXHoAormH,
o6AacTMX
8THX o6s3aHHoCTeii/
BbinIOAHeHHM
onepaUHOHHaR nOAHTHKa H aHaAH3, H
aKTHBaMH
ynpaBAeHHe
/BKAJO%IaM
COOTBeTCTBY1o1uHM
/C
o6H3aHHoCTHiMH
H
o6fl3aTeAbcTBaMH/,
HCHbIMH
H
C 'eTKHMH
rAaBHoro ynpaBAeHHM
noAAepmKH
CO3AaTb nOAPa3AeAeHHH
*
B TaKHX
KaCCOBbie Onepa,HH ynpaBAeH'iecKag
yteT,
o6yqeHHe, mapKeTHHr, HHq)OpMaUHH, nAaHHpOBaHHe, 6ioAmeT, saApbi, nOArOTOBKa H cAy2K6a, iOpHAH'eCKaM peKAaMa, OpraHH3aUHMMH, BHellHHMH C OTHOJiueHHM ayAHT, H KpeAHTaMH 3a aAMHHHcTpHpOBaHHe, KpeAHTHaH noAHTHKa, KOHTpOAb YPOBHe H CO3AaTb napaAAeAbHble onepalHH HAH noApa3AeAeHHR Ha perHOHaAbHOM Ha HaBbIKOB H ypOBHe OTAeAeHHi AAM paCwIHpeHHH paMOK 6aHKoBcKHx pecypCOB H yqeTa 6yxraATepcKoro cAym6bI T.e. ypOBHe, opraHH3agHOHHOM KaKAoM
*
nOAPaaAeAeHHH Heo6xOAHMbI
Ha
pyKOBOATreAeU
6oAbmIHHcTea
H
OTAeAeHHH
YpOBHe
Ha
PyKOBOAHTeAeH
AAA
AHlUb
Heo6xOAHMbl
nAaHHpOBaHHM
HaBbIKH
HO
OTAeAeHHH,
H
KOHTOp
perHOHaAbHbIX
Ha YPOBHe
rAaBHOM ynpaBAeHHH,
B
perHOHaAbHOM ypOBHe.
Bo
o6ecnemHTb
H
pagHOHaAHsHpoBaTb
Heo6xOAHMO
BTOpbix,
YPOBeHb
COBpeMeHHblIH
H perHoHaAbHbIX ynpaBAeHHH, OCHOBHbIX OnepalHOHHbIX noApa3AeAeHHH 6aHKa, T.e. oTAeAeHHH C TeM, tITo6bl: *
nepeCTpOHTb
pa6oTy OTAeAeHHH
6aHKoBcKoi
npOAYKUHH
pblHOK,
Ha
YCAyr
HCnOAb3OBaHHe
a4pXeKTHBHOe
AOBeCTH
OTAcAeHHe
Ka2KAOe
A4
Apyrux
HAH
nepeCTpOHKH
nocpeACTBOM
peHTa6eAbHOCTH
YPOBHM
HaMetieHHoro
H
o6ecneitrrb
qTo6bi
HeKOTOpbIX a TaKme nyTeM CAHMHHH oTAeAeHHH, npoAam2H HAH 3aKpblTHA
AeHcTBHi, H3 HHX. *
pa36pocaHHble
reorpaq)H4ecKH
6
TaK 'To
ynpaBAeHHH,
CHCTeMy perHoHaAbHoro
PaUHOHaAH3HPOBaTb
ynpasBATbCH
MOrAH 6bl a9peKTHBHO
OTAeACHHM
bl KpynHble
H H
KOHTPOAHPOBaTbCM.
B
AAM
TpeTbRX,
TorO,
6 qTo bl
MHoroqHcAeHHbie
6aHKa,
noApa3AeAeHHM
nosbcwHTb
H
KAHeHTOB
o6cAy2mHBaHme
KOHTpOAb,
PYKOBOACTBO,
OrrTHMH3HPOBaTb
HHTerpHpoBaTb
B(pleKTHBHOCTb, HeO6XOAHMO:
*
CTPYKTYPY B AHUe CoseTa AHpeKTOPOB
o6ecneqHTb aq(pteKTHBHYIO ynpaBAeHteCKyiO nepe3
nOCpCACTBO
COCTaBa
y'ipeKAeHHH,
YPOBHH
CpeAHerO
ynpaBAeHHe H ynpasAeHHe oTAeAeHHMmH, TaK MTo6bI Ha Bcex PYKOBOACTBa H ero OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 6bIAa ieTKOH H npH3HaBaeMoA perHOHaAbHoe
MeHeA2KepOB, pOAb
pyKOBOAluero
ypOBHHX opraHH3aUHH, *
pa3pa6oTaTb
CHCTeMy
Bbipa6OTKy nOAHTHKH, H
*
KOHTpOAS9
H
aBXpeKTHBHOrO
CO
KOHTPOAH
CTOPOHbl
pyKOBOACTBa
npogeAyp,
npsfMbIX yxa3aHHH Ha nepeAaqy OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH
CO3AaTb
nIOAHOCTbIO
H
COOTBMTCTBYIOl1HM
yKoMnAeKTOBaHHbie nOAPa3AeAeHHR KOHTpOAH. BHeApHTb CTpylTYPY H KyAbTypy o6CAy2KHBaHHm RAHeHTOB BO BCe CAym6bi, H
KOTOpbie HaxoARSTCH B KOHTaKTe c KAHeHTOM,
HOpMbl
npaKTHKH
npOCTpaHCTBeHHO
mepes
o6CAymHBaHHSI,
noMeCgeHHH,
pa3pa6oTaTb
npHo6peCTH
161
Heo6xoAHMoe
oTO6bi
o6pasoM
nOApa3AeAeHHSM H
o6ecneqHTb YpOBeHb
onepagHH,
OpraHH3OBaTb
o6opyAowaHHe,
Ha6paTb
Yxpeu.AieHHe pyoWo,'CTMa
nepcoHaA,
H I7OBMAIeHHe V.BCTBN=TAbHOCTH Jr HepeMeHam 6bl yMeA
KOTOpbiH
H XOTeA COOTBeTCTBOBaTb
YPOBHio
npeAbRBAReMblx
Tpe6oBaHHH, *
o6ecnenHTb ypOBHe,
sq4eKTHBHOCTb
BceX AeHCTBHR
(PyHKIHH
no BceH opraHH3aUHH,
HanpHMep,
onepagHH
BCeX onepaIlHH Ha perHOHaAbHOM o6ecneimtb
Ao6xTbca a(pBpeKTHBHOrO
noAAepmKH.
perHCTpaUHH
Ka2KAoro oTAeAeHHH,
B rAaBHOM ynpaBAeHHH,
o6pa6oTKH
pa6oTy
t
npOTeKaHHH
6yxraATepcKoro
KAHeHTa,
aqxpeKTHBHyIo
KAIO ieBbIX npoaeccoB
y'eTa, o6pa6oTKH HHlpopMauHH,
KpeAHTOB
H
BKAaAOB,
perHcTpagHH
H3MeHeHHH B Kapbepe cAy2KaUJHX, ynpaBACHHH qeAoBeCeCKHMH
H,
pecypcaMH H ayAHTe. BHeApHTb OCHOBHbie npoUeccbI yrpaBAeHHH H CTPYKTypbl ynpaBAeHMeCKOH Heo6xoAHMbie AAR ynpaBAcHHA 6aHKoM. A4AR 'ero:
B-MeTBepTbIX,
HHqpopMa]HH, *
CO3AaTb
HAH
YCOBepCueHCTBOBaTb
OCHOBHbie
npogeccbi
cTpaTermqecKoe H onepaTHBHoe nAaHHpoBaHHe, AeBTeAbHOCTH, (pHHaHcaMH,
pemUeHHH,
ynpasAeHHe
a8XpeKTHBHbIX AeHCTBHH
npHHHTHC
'IeAOBeqeCKHMH
npogeccoB
- pa3BHTHe
CBH3b,
ynpaBAeHHf
nOAHTHKH
H
ynpaBAeHHH,
OgeHKa pe3yAbTaTOB ynpaBAeHHe
KpeAHTaMH,
peCypcaMH
H
npeAnoAaraeT
pa3pa6oTKa
TaKHe
ynpaLBAeHHe
ayAHT.
Pa3pa6oTKa
Heo6xOAHMOCTb
npogeAyp,
KaK
H MOHHTOpHHr
MeAoro
RBARiOU4HXCH
pHAa
OCHOBOH
TaKoro npogecca, 3axpenAeHHe OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH 3a npHMCHCHHe npolecca no BCeH opraHH3agHH *
H nOAFOTOBKa nepcoHaAa Ha KamAOH CTaAHH.
pa3pa6oTaTb H BHeAPHTb COOTBeTCTBYIOU4Y)O CHCTeMy ynpaBAeH t IeCKOH HHWpOpMaUHH,
nocKOAbKy OAHOH
H3 KAJo'eBbIX 3aAaaq BCHIKOH opraHH3aUHH
nepByIO
RBAReTCH
o0epeAb,
geAeH npHHRTH.R
cHcTeMy,
COBeplI1eHCTBOBaHHe
peuleHHH pyKOBOACTBOM.
KoTopbie o6ecneqHBaAH
npHHnTH5i
pellueHHH
noApa3AeAeHHRM,
a
TaK2Ke
AAR
HHcfOpMaUHH
O1eHb BaMHO pa3pa6oTaTb
6bl npoxomAeHHe
HHqOpMaUHH
Boo6te, a 6aHKa,
npOXO2KAeHHH
no
BceM
Ba2KHOH
AHHeHHbIM
yAOBAeTBOpeHHH
B
AAR
CTPYKTYpy H
H Heo6xoAHMoH
AA1
nOAAep2KHBaiOUgHM
H
BHYTPH6aHKOBCKHX
H
BHeLUHHX
Tpe6oBaHHA B oTqeTHOH H CTaTHCTHqeCKOH HHq)OpMaUHH.
B
YCAOBHHX TaKOH nlepeCTpOHKH Heo6xOAHMO Co3AaTb CTpyKTypbl H pa3BHTb npoUCeccbl B KOHTeKCTe MHorotHCACHHbIX yHHKaAbHbIX q3aKTOpOB BHeIIIHeH CpeAbI, KOTOpbie CTORT nepeA 6aHKoM. K BTOH
HHM OTHOCHTCH 6aHKoBcKaR TeXHOAorHH H npeAnoAaraembie
TeXHOAorHH,
OTAHqHTeAbHbie
KyAbTypOAOrOrH-eCKHH
acneKT,
6aHKoBcKofi
Ha
KAHeHTypbl
peryAHpoBaHHe, H KamAOH
6aHKa
Ha
HaBHOHaAbHaH
HecKOAbKHX
aTH
oco6eHHocTH
o6AacTeAi H
npHBeCTH
4eRTeAbHOCTH
HAH
oco6eHHocTefi,
a MO2KeT H nocTpaAaTb.
BbIxoAaJee.
pe3yAbTaTax
pyHAaMeHTaAbHaR
KOHKypeHTHOCTb
KOpeHHYIO
Ho
cTpaTerH'iecKHH
rlepecTpoHKy
KOAAeKTHBa, XapaKTepHCTHKa
OKpymeHHR,
6aHKoBcKoe
cpeAa. KoHKpeTHbie XapaKTepHCTHKH B Aio6oii BbI3BaTb Heo6xOAHMOCTb
K
pa6oTbl
KyAbTypa,
3HatHTeAbHbIM 6aHKa,
nepecTpoliKa
H3MeHeHHHM
KOTOpblH
-
KOHKpeTHOH
MO2KeT
3aHHTHe
He
KpynHoro
6aHKa,
KOTOpblH
npocToe
HMeeT
B
peaKigHH
HanpaBAeHHH
BblHrpaTb
Ee HeAb3H ocy1jeCTBHTb 6blCTpO. MOmeT nIOTpe6oBaTbCq OT
OCYUgeCTBHTb
oTAeAeHHH.
wTO
B
MoryT
HanpaBAeHHR pa3BHTHH
XapaKTepHCTHKH
COUHaAbHaH
pbIHKaX,
nOAHTH4eCKaR H BKOHOMH'ieCKaR
H3 nepe4HCAeHHbIX
OqeBHAHO,
Ba2KHbie
2
H H3
Ao
5
6oAbuioe
OT
BTHX
pHAa
BOH
AeT,
wro6bi
KOAH'IeCTBO
eCAH 6aHKy HeO 6 XOAHMo 3Ha4HTeAbHO yAY'IBIHTb cBo,o pa6oTy, HAH eCAH ero nAaH
Tpe6yeT
3HaIHTeAbHoH
nepeCTPOHKH
162
B
HanpaBAeHHH
pa6OTbM
HAH
B
CotmaHme qeAoBeqecworo KaInmaAa 6aHra oKa&eTcH
TorAa
pa6oTbI,
BTOAi
pe3yAbTaTHBHOCTH
B
HAH
opMeHTHpoBaHHn,
ero
o6AacTH
pecypCOB H (yHAameHTaAbHa3i nepeCTpO Ka AAAI nepepacnpeAeAeHHm 6aHKOBCKHX oco6eHHoCTH B opraHH3aUHH, CTapble nepeMeH. 3anAaHHPOBaHHbix OCYlUeCTBAeHHH He B COCTORHHH o6bl4HO AeAa, OpraHH3agHH, yxoAuHge KOpHHMH B ApyryIo anoxy 6aHKoBcKoro Heo6xoAHMO
cnpaBHTbcH
C COBpeMeHHb!M YPOBHeM Tpe6oBaHHf.
qeAOBe'eCKHMH
'1eAOBeCeCKHX
nepeoCMbICAeHHA
BIoAee Toro,
3qXpeKTHBHOCTH
COBepCleHCTBOBaHHA
H
B
peopraHH3aUHu
HanpHMep, MOryT nOTpe6oBaTbCH:
4eAOBeHeCKHX peCypCOB.
HOBbIX
/KOMnAeKToBaHHe
pecypcoB
HMelOJIHXCH
nepepacnpeAeAeHHe
BHyTpeHHee
HeH36e&Ho.
H
Hepa3pblBHO
H3MeHeHHR
H
opraHH3aIAHM
B
H3MeHeHHR
AeHCTBHTeAbHO,
CBH3aHbI
pecypcax
BO3MO2KHOCTb
o6ecne'iHBaeT
*
H
pecypcaMH.
ynpaBAeHHH
H3MeHeHHR
momeT nOBAeCb 3a co6oA Heo6xoAHMocTb M
Aio6aA peopraHma
noApa3AeAeHHA/; HeKOTOPbIX
AOYKOMnAeKTOBaHHe
*
COKpaqUeHHH
HAH
3aKpbITHR
MTo6bi
Toro,
AAA
TaK2me
a
CAy2K6
oTAeAbHbIX
HCnOAb3OBaHHe
noApa3AeAeHHf,
pe3yAbTaTe
B
BbicBo6oAHBlmerocH
nepcoHaAa,
*
CylgeCTBY1OU4HX
AOBOAbHO
nepepacnpeAeAHTb
OT HOBbIX npHopHTeToB; HeMHoro4HCAeHHbie 'ieAOBe'eCKHe TaAaHTbI B 3aBHCHMOCTH AAA YAOBAeTBOpeHHS opraHH3aiMHH HOBbIX HanpaBAeHHH o6y-ieHHq H nOArOTOBKH BHOBb B03HHKIIIme
HAH
B
HaSHa'IeHHbIM o6HsaHHOCTHMH.
HOBbIMH
C
MecTa
pa6oMHe
BCKpblBaIOT
H3MeHeHHR
opraHH3aUHOHHbie
KpynHbIe
06biqHo,
HOBbIe
Ha
nepeCTpOHKH
xoAe
pa6oTHHKam,
noTpe6yioTcR
HaBbIKH
aTH
nOApa3AeAeHHSIx.
nepeCTpoeHHbIX
BHOBb opraHH3oBaHHbIX
BO
H yMeHHMSm
K HaBbIKaM
Tpe6oBaHHR
MHpHAHCb B npOIUAOM, HeXBaTKy HAH CAa6oCTb onpeAcAeHHbIX HaBbIKOB, C KOTOpOH
*
HO KOTOPaH CTaAa HenpHeMAeMoH B HaCToqngeM. npHrAalueHHe Ha pa6oTy 6oAbwero sIHCAa pa6oTHHKoB npOqpHAR,
HHOH OpHeHTalHH
B
nepcoHaAa
coKpaieCHHe
KorAa H3MeHeHHH
B TeX CAy'qaRX,
B
Bb[CBo6oAHBtuHecH
'ITO
TOrO,
CHAy
B CaMOH KOMnaHHH
HAH noTpe6ylOT CAHUIKOM AoAroro BpeMeHH.
OKamyKTCH CAHIIIKOM AOpOroCTORI_qHMH
*
pa6OTHHKOB Apyroro
HAH
HeKOTOpbIX
cnpaBHTbCM C nepeyKOMnAeKTOBaHHb1x noApa4AeAeHHHX pa6OTHMKH He B COCTOHHHH B o6RsaHHOCTMMH H nOTOMY He MoryT 6blTb 6e36oAe3HeHHo pa3Meu;eHbi HOBbIMH
ApyrHx noApa3AeAeHHax 6aHKa. *
nOAy'aTb HaAe2KHYIO H KpaCHOpe'IHByIO
peCueHHH
HCnOAb3OBaHHMM *
B
H3MeHeHHH
noTpe6oBaTbcH
3HaIqHTeAbHo
B pa6OTe,
OpHeHTHPOBaHHOCTb
6oAee
6bIcTpa.
npH
HanpHMep,
6OAbulaA
Ha
nOBbIlueHHe
AAR
KyAbType
HHCTH7yUHOHaAbHoH
OpHeHTHpOBaHHOCTH
HOpMaTHBbI
H
pa6oTHHKa
Heo6xoAHMyIo
HAH AAM npHHHTHM HeBO3MO2KHOCTH
ero
B 6aHKe.
peopraHH3agHio.
OCyUgeCTBHTb
CTeneHb
HenpHrOAHOCTH
AaAbHeHlueH
O
O!geHKy pa6OTHHKOB 6aHKa,
npOABHmeHHH, o6y'eHHR
AAA BHyTpH6aHKoBCKHx nepeMeL.eHHH,
MOrAO
%iTo6bi pyKOBOACTBO
ogeHKH,
npo(peccHOHaAbHOH
CHCTeMbi
nepecMOTP
6
qTo bi
Toro
npa1BHAbHO
opraHH3aUHH
HOBOH
opHeHTHPOBaHHOCTb
Ha
6H3HeC,
npM6biAH,
Ha
6oAee
noAyqeHHe BHHMaHHH
K
Ka'ieCTBy
o6cAymHBaHHa
MO2KeT 6OAbBIaM
BbicoKHe KAHeHTa,
Ha CHHM2eHHe 3aTpaT, 6oAee BbICOKHH ypOBeHb BqIPeKTHBHOCTH,
peaKKHR
Ha
BHeCIIHHe
163
H
BHyTpeHHHe
Tpe6oBaHHH,
6oAee
Bb!COKaH
YxwpeJzAeIHEe pywoB,ogCTRa N
OBhlIeeNNe qyBcTfeAbHocNOCTN
npeABOCXHU4eHHR npo6AeM, 6oAee TBOpqecKoe 6oAee aKTHBHoe, HaMeAeHHoe Ha pe3yAbTaTbi ynpaBAeHHe. CTenCHb
*
H3MeHeHHH
B
Ba2KHbMH,
TpeTbH
CAHIIKOM
He3HasHTeAbHbIMH,
YPOBHe
Ar HepemeHaa
HX
pemleHHe,
H BOo6we
AOA2KHOCTCH
H pa3mepax Bo3Harpa2KACHH.9 /3apa6THOHi nAaTbi/, nOCKOAbKy nepecTpoHKa CBH3aHa BcerAa H C H3MeHCHHHMH OTHOCHTeAbHoH BamKHOCTH H 3HaqHMOCTH OT4eAbHbIX KOMnOHeHTOB CyigeCTByloJjeH cTpyKTypbI: HeKOTOpbie AOA2KHOCTH CTaHyT 6oAee Ba2KHbIMH, BecOMbIMH, ApyrHe - MeHee
o6a3aHHocTeii H3MeHeHHH
MOrYT
OKa3aTbCH
HeOnpaBAaHHO
nOTpe6yeT
'TO
Bce aTO
H Kpyra OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH.
AOA2KHOCTHb[X
o6R3aHHOCTeH,
BO3BbIueHHbIMH,
AaAbHeiimuero
a
HHbie
yTOqHeHHS
H nOCAy2KHT OCHOBaHHeM
paHmKHpOBaHHH
pa6oqHx
MeCT
H,
CAeACTBHe, H3MeHeHHH B 3apa6OTHOH nAaTe COOTBCTCTBYlOIIHX pa6oTHHKoB. H3MeHeHHe CHCTeMbI Bo/Harpa2AeHH /3apa6OTHOH S nAaTbI/ TOme
*
HymaaTbCfl
B
MOPaAbHOrO
H3MeHeHHH
B
CBi3H C BO3paCTaHHeM
CTHMYAHPOBaHHH,
HHCTHTYUHOHaAbHOrO
nooupCHHM
nOBeAeHHH
Tex,
H AocTHraeT
KTO
3Ha'1eHHH
HX AA&R KaK
Mo2KeT
MaTepHaAbHoro
npHHHMaeT
nOCTaBAeHHbIX
-
HOBbie
H
HOpMbi
nepeA
opraHH3aUHeH geAeH a TaK2Ke Mo2KeT BbB3BaTb Heo6xOAHMOCTb MaTepHaAbHoro HaKa3aHHH Tex, KTO ynOPHO npHAep2KHBaeTCR CTapblX HOpMaTHBOB. Mbi
MOmeM
BHAeTb,
peCypCaMH
C
cepbe3Hbix
H3MeHeHHH
Cepbe3HOH
KaK
Ba2KHO
HasiaTb
JnepeCTpOHKH
aqpeKTHBHOe
OpraHH3aUHOHHOH
ynpaBAeHHe
CTpyKTypbi,
'ieAOBe'eCKHMH
KOTOPaH
CnefgHaAbHO npeAHa3HaqeHa 4ASI BbinOAHeHHH 3aAai 6aHKa, jAH peaAH3alHH ero geAeii. CTpyKrypa B CaMblX o6WHx 'epTax OnpeAeAAHT noTpe6HocTH opraHH3atlHH B pa6oqeii cHAe, B KOAHqeCTBe pa6oTHHKoB, YPOBHe H xapaKTepe HX 3HaHHH H HaBbIKOB H Mo2KeT BbI3BaTb Heo6xoAHMocTb B pa3MeiMeHHH
HMelOWHXCH
qeAoBeqeCKHx pecypCOB H H3MeHeHHH
B
CyljeCTByiO4eH ripaKTHKe pa6OTbi 6aHKa. OHpereAeHHe OTmeTCTrHeHOCTN Pa6oTai H3 roAa B rOA CTPYKTYPHbie noApa.3AeAeHHR OpraHH3ajHH 3a'aCTyiO 3HaloT, 'TO HM HY2KHO AeAaTb, HO He 3HaioT MeAeH cBoeHi pa6OTbl, He 3HaIOT, 'ero OHH AOA2KHbl Ao6HTbCR. HanpHMep, OTAeAeHHe KpeAHTHOrO aHaAH3a M02KeT MeXaHH'eCKH npOBOAHTb cepHIO OnepagHH H rOTOBHTb CTaHAaPTHbIii OTqeT, He 3aAaBMllHCb Heo6XOAHMOCTbIO no-HaCTOSigeMy OgeHHTb HaAeKHOCTb saeMigHKa. Yqe6Hblg oTAeA 6aHKa MOmeT npOBOAHTb HAH opraHH3OBbiBaTb o6y"eHHe
no
npocb6e
6aHKOBCKHX
CAy2K 6 ,
a He Ha OCHOBaHHH BCKpbiTOH InoTpe6HOCTH B OripeAeAeHHbIX HaBbiKaX, KOTOpbIe npHOPHTeTHO Hy2KHbi 6aHKy. OTAeAeHHe MO2KeT npOBOAHTb npocTbie onepaaHH no BKAaAaM H KpeAHTaM, He 3a6oTsCb o6 ynpaBAeHHH YPOBHeM 3aTpaT H nOCTyriAeHHHi AAR nOAyMeHHq COTBeTCTBYIOI1CO ypOBHH npH6blAH. 1H HaKOHeg, cAy2K6a ayAHTa,
B COOTBeTCTBHH C Tpe6oBaHHHMH, Mo2KeT npOBepHTb HaAHqHe BbirIOAHeHHR YCAOBHH npaBHAbHOCTH oT'eTa BMeCTO Toro, qTo6bi noMOqb PYKOBOAHTeAlo noApasAeAeHHH, B KOTOpOM IIpOXOAHT ayAHT, YCOBepllleHCTBOBaTb onepaUHH, KOHTpOAb HAH PeSyAbTaTbl AeRTeAbHOCTH.
B
cerOAIHMHeii
KAHeHToB,
AaBAeHHe
nOATaAKHBaiOT yAyqmleHHR
6aHKoBcKofi
HaC
cpeAe,
KOHKypeHUHH
K Heo6xOAHMOCTH
pe3yAbTaTOB
npaKTHqeCKH
rAe HaMHOHaAbHbli HAH
YPOBeHb Tpe6oBaHHH,
HInpHeMAeMOCTb
cepbe3Horo KamAoro
164
()HHaHCOBbIX
COBepIIIeHCTBOBaHHq
noApaaAeAeHHs
6aHKa,
Tpe6oBaHHH Pe3yAbTaTOB
6aHKOBCKOi OqeHb
pa6oTbl
Ba2HO,
H
qTo6bi
Couvairme 'eAoRelecCKoro Kam1nrrata 6rnwca
CTPYKTYPHOe
KaMAOC
ReTKoe
6bl
HMeAo
noApa3AeAeHHe
onpeAeAeHHe,
Ilero
OHO
AOA2KHO
To
Ka2KeTcsi
pa6oTbl. AOCTH'4b, T.e. HeCAo 6bl OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a pe3yAbTaTbi cBoeH OnpeAeAeHHe
3
noApa3AeAeHHe.
OTBeTCTBeHHo
KOTOpbie
3a
pe3yAbTaTOB,
HanHCaHbl HO KaK ymKe OTMeMaAOCb, 6oAbmaHHCTBo nOAOKeHHH o nOApa-3eAeHHHX AaHHoe nOApa3AeAeHHe, a He TaKHM o6pa3oM, MTO OTpamaIOT TO, 4em AOAMHO 3aHHMaTbcR
O'qeBHAHbIM,
KaKHX Pe3yAbTaTOB OHO AOAMHO Ao6HBaTbcR.
3aMeHeHa
6blTb
3aMeHHTb
H
AOA2KHa
06y'ieHHe"
cAeAyeT
npoBecTH
nepcoHaAa, OnpeAeAHTb fIPHOPHTeTHble HanpaBAeHHR B 06y'ieHHH 6aHKoBcKoro nIOAP3AeACHHR noMO'Ib PYKOBOAHTeAIO HAH o6"eHHe", COTBeTCTByiougee
Ha
opraHH3OBaTb BblHBHTb
Ha no.AyleHHe KpeAHTOB
3aRBHTeAR,
HaAe2KHOCTb
onpeAeAHTb
Ha
3asBAeHHe
HaHaA3HPOBaTb
HanpHMep, q)OPMYAHPOBKa
peulHTb
ayAHTr.
npOBeCTH
CTaporo
BMeCTO
npo6AeMbx
onepagHoHHbie
HaSaA K nPH4HHaM cyUgeCTBoBaHHR OnpeAeAeHHe pe3yAbTaTOB A4HTeAbHOCTH Bo03pauAaeT HaC OnHCaHbl OCHOBHbie ,eAH AaHHOrO nOApa3AeAeHHH, K ero pOAH B 6aHKe. KorAa qeTKO ero OCHOBHbie 3aAaqH - B noApa3AeAeHHa, o'eHb noAe3HO OnpeAeAHTb H cPOpMyAHPOBaTb Ka'IeCTBeHHbIX, He o6n3aTeAbHO B KOAH'eCTBeHHblX InOKa3aTeAHX. yBHAeTb, KaKHX Pe3yAbTaTOB OHO AHaAH3 geAeH H 3aAaq noApa3AeAeHHH AaCT BO3MO2KHOCTb MOryT 6blTb onpeAeAeAHbi, AOAMtHO AO6HTbCq B pa6oTe. Aio6as 3aAama, pe3yAbTaTbi KOTOPOH He 3 OnpeAeAHTb pe3yAbTaTbl, aMeTHM, 'TO 'eTKO He HMeeT OCHOBaHHB cyr_eCTBOBaTb B 6aHKe. o'eHb TPYAHO B nepBblH pa3. KOTOpbIX AOA2KHO Ao6HTbCq B cBOeH pa6oTe nOApa3AeAeHHe, BHAbl ApyrHC H npoflycKH, Ay6AHpoBaHHe, HeAOpa3yMeHHA, BCe BCKPOIOTCS
HenOCAeAoBaTeAbHOCTH
B
CyIeCTBYIOT
KOTOpbie
IIOAHTHKH,
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH
OTHOUIeHHH
ypoBHHx. TeM He MeHee, B BTOM nOApa3AeAeHHH no BceMy 6aHKy, Ha BCeX ero HepapxxqecKHx aTy HecOrAacOBaHHOCTb, TaK H 3aKAIOqaeTCH MaCTb 3Ha'ieHHH BTOH pa6oTbl: AHKBHAmpOBaTb oTO6bi
Ka2KAbiH
OH/OHa
pe3yAbTaTbI
KaKHe
3a
3HaA,
MeTKO
PYKOBOAHTCAb
HeceT
OTBeTCTBCHHOCTb. *
HfHcrH7yHoH&aAH3agUH OTPa3HTb
oHpeaeAeHHH
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb
3a
noApa3AeAeHHR
Ka2KAoro
AOKYMeHTaAbHO
Heo6xoAHMo
pesyAbTaToB.
pe3yAbTaTbl,
KOHKpeTHbie
UX HX flHCbMeHHO B nOAO2KeHUH 0 AaHHOM noApa3AeAeHHH, coo6nAHTb HX npH pa3pa6oTKe nAaaa BCeM pa6oTHHKam AaHHOrO nOApa3AeAeHHH, HCnOAb3OBaTb H nepecmaTpHBaTb HX no nOApa3AeAeHHH, nocTaHoBKae 1eAeH, pa3pa6oTKe 6ioAmeTa, mepe H3MeHeHHf POAH H (yHKUHi AaHHoro noApa3AeAeHHR. 3a(3HKcHpOBaTb
*
pe3yAbTaTOB A0 TCX nop, OTcAemCHBaTb AOCTi2KeHHe KamAbiM nOApa3AeACHHeM CBOHX Ha BTH pe3yAbTaTbl. noKa He 6yAeT AOCTHrwyTa pa6o'iaA nOCTORHHaR HaMeAeHHOCTb
KaK
nOCTaHOBKa MeAH H COCTaBAeHHC 6ioAmeTa
yme OTMeMaAOCb Bblme, nAaHHpOBaHHe,
AOA2KHO
CTpOHTbCH
paBHO
nOApa3AeAeHHeM, pa6oTa
nAaTe
macTH'HO,
pe3yAbTaTOB,
Ha
pyKOBOAHTeAsi
Ha CTeneHH
o6cy2KAaeTCR
pyKOBOACTBy/.
KaK
H3
OCHOBaHHH BblTb
noApa3AeAeHHr.
AaHHoro
3apa6oTHaI nAaTa mepe
HCXOAH
STHX MO2KCT
AOA2Hbi
pe3yAbTaTOB ogeHKa
6
blTb
AOCTH2KeHHR
pa3AeAe,
B 6
cnoco bi
BTHX pe3yAbTaTOB.
AOA2KHa
ycnerUHOCTH
nOCBRUleHHOM
HCnOAb3OBaHHR
165
o
/Bonpoc
pe3yAbTaTOB
AOCTHrHyTbi OMeHHBaTbCB
noApa3AeAeHHA AOA2KHbI OCHOBbIBaTbCB,
OTAeAbHO
PaZAHiHbie
KOTOpbIC
pa6OTbl
H
no KpaHHeH
3apa6oTHoA
B03Harpa2KAeHHH KaK
ncOKaBaTeAeC
YjrpeniAeHNe
pf.
oD4cOTBa H IIo8bIueHhfe
CTmTeAbHocrHw izepeMemam
pa6oTbl noApa3AeAeAHH
AalOT npeAcTaBAeHHe PYKOBOACTBy 6aHKa, KorAa pyKOBOACTBO HaqaAO CTPCMHTbCH B CBOHX AeHCTBH.RX AOCTHqb 3anAaHHPOBaHHbix
IIOAPaSAeAeHHR pe3yAbTaTOB. HIOMHMO
OnPCAeACHHH
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH
3a pe3yAbTaT, BO BpeM.R nepecTpOHKH BamHO nOAHOCTbJO H qeTKO OnpeACAHTb HeKOTOpbie ApyrHe napaMeTpbI HOBOrO HAH nepecTpoHBLUerocH noApa3AeAeHHI. K HHM OTHOCHITCH OCHOBHbie (JyHKIHH noApa3AeAeHHH, BHAbi pa6oTbl, o6ecne-HBaiou4He BbilnoAHeHHe AaHHblx cpyHlqUHH, npeAnoAaraemaH pOAb nOAPa3AeACHHH B COnoCTaBAeHHH C ApyrHMH nOAP13ACAeHHHMH H rIOAHOMOqH3I pyKOBOAHTeAn noApa3AeAeHHH.
TaKoe
o6ugee OnHCaHHe
PYKOBOAHTeAIO 6yAyT
8TO
HrpaTb
noApaBAeAeHHH CAY2KHT HeCKOAbKHM
H COTPYAHHKaM nOApa3AeAeHHHS,
AeAaTb,
KamAoe
OHO
HHcpOpMHpyeT
nIOApa3AeAeHHe,
H
BaMHblM geAHM:
Hero OHH AOA2tHbl
ApyrHe
C03AaeT
nOApa3AeAeHHH
HaAeC2HyIO
OHO coo6WaeT
AOCTHqb B pa6oTe,
0
pOAH,
OCHOBY
AAR
KaK OHH
KOTOPy10 InpH3BaHo npOBeAeHHH
aHaAH3a
o6ecneqeHHocTH fITaToM Ka2KAoro noApa3AeAeHH.
CTpyxrlpHporaHHe goAmHocTre To'HO
TaK
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb AOA2KHOCTH. OTAeAa,
mKe,
Ka2KAblfi
9a
pe3yAbTaTbi
pa6oTHHK CBoeH
Ha
CBOeM
pa6OTbl
H
3a
npeAOCTaBAeHHe
cqeTOBOAaM,
KpeAHTa,
noApasAeAeHHH H K CaMOMy BbICw11eMy YPOBHIO PYKOBOACTBa CTpyKTypHPOBaHHe
pa6oqHx
MeCT,
MeCTe
(PcYHKUHOHaAbHoe
aTO B paBHoH Mepe OTHOCHTCH K KaccHpaM,
OTBeTCTBeHHbIM
pa6oqeM
HAH AOA2KHOCTHbie
AOA2KeH
3HaTb
Ha3HaMeHHe
CBOeH
pa6oTHHKaM KPCAHTHOrO
PYKOBOAHTeAHM
CTPYKTYPHbIX
B 6aHKe.
o6HsaHHOCTH
aTo 6oAbmasI
-
TeMa,
nOAb3yIOUJaICR 3aCAy2KeHHb1M BHHMaHHeM y"eHbIX H npaKTHKOB Ha npoT92KeHHH MHorHX AeT. AaHHOH Bce
pa6oTe Mbi He 6yAeM noApo6HO o6cynAaTb BOnp0Cbl
2me
CAeAYCT
pa3BHBalOUMHXCH
CAeAaTb
HeCCOAbKO
BSa2HbIX
AOA2KHOCTHbIX o6HsaHHOcTeiU,
3aMeqaHHH,
CTpaHaX B OTHOiIIeHHH opraHH3agmH,
o6y'eHHA
KaCalOJIHXCR
H ynpaBAeHHH
B HO
6aHKoB
B
ieAOBeqCCKHMH
pecypcaMH. KorAa
opraHH3aguR
npeTepneBaeT
npOXOAHT
KpynHbIe
AOA2tHOCTHbie
H Bam2Hbie 6
o6S3aHHOCTH
KOTOpblI
pa6oTbl,
AOA2KeH
npOBOAHT
H3yMHTTb
noAXOA
K pa3pa6oTKe
MecTa.
CTapbie
AOA2KHOCTH,
MbI
nOCTaBAeHHbIX
6aHKOBCKHA
nOAaraTb,
MecTa
CTpyKTYPHpOBaHbI 6oAee
Ba?KHO,
B
paMKax
TaKHM o6paS3oM,
MOTHBHPOBaHHOCTb
OAHoro 'TO H
6
nporpammy Ka2KAoro
o6asaHHocTeC
HAH
CTapbiM CTpyKTypaM,
pa6oqero
bi o6ecneqHTb
COB3epiJeHCTBOBaHHR pa6o0ero K
MeCTa
HAH
noApa3AeAeHHR
pa6OTHHKa,
geHTp
pa6oYero
OTAH'iaiOigHXCM
MOryT
OKa3aTbCSl
AOA2KHbl
rH6KOcTb
H,
saHHMaioigero
pa6o0ee MeCTO. Tenepb yme HeCOBpeMeHHO CAeAOBaTb TeOpHH Cyi_geCTBOBaBweH ;eAecoo6pa3HoCTH pa6o0ero MeCTa, KOTOpaH CTaBHAa B
CBOeC
H npHHRTb
o6ocHoBaHHIo
B YCAOBHMX
BqXpeKTHBHOCTb,
yAOBAeTBOpeHHOCTb
166
CYJI4eCTBYIOUHe
o6CTOHTeAbCTBaM
KaK 11o OTHOIueHHIO K 6H.3Hecy TaK H no CogHaAbHb[M yCTaHOBKaM, 6ecnoAesHblMH AAA AOCTH2KeHHA pe3yAbTaTOB B HOBbIX yCAOBHHX. Pa6oiHe
qTO
npogecc
pe3yAbTaTOB.
o6nsaHHOCTH
nOAXOAHBUIHe
KorAa
H3MeHHBIUHMCH
CeAeBbiX
KpynHOMaclulTa6Hyio
AOAMKHOCTHbIX
HAH
He BnpaBC
COOTBeTCTBOBaTb
AOAMHOCTHbie
HOBbliH
riepeCTpOHKH
H3MCHeHHH,
yAyT
CMOryT o6ecneqHTb AOCTH2eHHe BIaHK,
CTaAHIO
BHHMaHHH
6blTb 'TO
eu.le
AaHHOe
B OTHOIIICeHH ynpoujeHHe
CowA4AHe qeAoaeqecjoro xiasmraAa 6amwwa
o6HaaHHOCTeH, CTaHAaPTH3aUHIO YCAOBHe nOBbluiHeHHS
BaHK
AOA2KeH
xopowHe
nOAyqrTb
CTpeMHTbCS
Ka2KAoro
pa6oqero
pe3yAbTaTbl
B
MeCTa
OT
pa6oTe
KaKi
KamAOrO
6
AAR Toro 'qTo bi yAoBAeTBOpuTb AIOAH He K pe3yAbTaTaM pa6OTbl BCeH opraHH3agHH B geAOM. nOApa3AeAeHHH,
CTPYKTYPHOrO
Tpe6oBaHHsJ
Bo3pacTaioU&He
cnegHaHKaHo
y3KYio
aql(peKTHBHOCTH pa6oTbl.
Ka2AOrO
OT
COTpyAHHKa,
H
HM ecAH HX pa6oTa MaAo MOTHBHPOBaHa H He npHHOCHT H Tenepb BbInOAHHTb pa6oTy, OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a KOTOpyio
6yAyT cTapaTbca pa6oTaTb Ay'we, HeAOCTaToqHO
yAoBAeTBOpeHHI.
BblcoKoHHTerpHpoBaHHasi He
3aTpaT
KOTOpOH
o6R3aHHOCTH
AOA2KHOCTHbie
nO3BOAReT
onpeAeAeHbI
HeqeTKo,
HAH
BOBCe
HeonpeAeAeHbl.
6aHKOBCKHX (PyHKJHHH H o6uee CTpeMAeHHe K CHHme2HHlo cPyHK4uHi H coxpaHRTb 6oAee HeonpeAeAeHHOCTb B onpeAeAeHHH npHpoAa
BCAeACTBHe 3TOrO HaliMa HeHy2KHbIX pa6OTHHKOB. npo6AeMa
KAio'eBaH
npH
pa6o0ero
paspa6oTKe
MecTa
B
3aKAio'aeTCH
TOM,
'ITo6bl
BMecTe. HeKoTopb!e KamAoe pa6onee MeCTO KaK eAHHHUy KOMaHAbi, pa6oTaioigeUi KAHeHTOB B oTAeACHHH 6aHKa, OCHOBHbie acneKTbi 6aHKOBcKoro AeAa, BKAio'aH o6cAym2HBaHHe KpeAHTa, HeKOTOpbie acneKTbl ynpaBAeHHR yqe'r B oTAeAeHHH, ayHT, oAo6peHHe BbiAaqH H Ap. Tpe6yoT 3HaqHTeAbHOH cTeneHH aKTHBaMH H o6HsaTeAbCTBaMH 6aHKa. IAaHHpoBaHHe KOMaHAHOro noAxoAa" K npo6AeMe. B3aHMoAeHCTBHA B pa6o'ieH rpynnbl,
OnpeAcAHTb
HIpH yAeAHTb
yqHTbiBaTb aTH peaAHH H pa3pa6oTKe SaAaHHR Ha Ka2KAoe pa6omee MecTo Heo6xoAHMo B3aHMoAeHCTBHH rpynnbl KaK eAHHoro oco6oe BHHMaHHe Bonpocy pactHpeHaH
xapaKTep H AoA2rHbi pa6oTbl B 6aHKe HOCHT cTporo HHAHBHAyaAbHblH pacnHcaHHe OTBCTCTBeHHOCTH nO KaMAOMY PaCCMaTPHBaTbCR KaK TaKOBbIe, HO KOHKpeTHOe nOBbliueHHR aq peKTHBHOCTH, rH6KOcTH H pa6oqeMy MecTy AoAmHo npoBOAHTbCH C UeAbio K ero yAoBAeTBopeHHOCTH Ha cBoeM noBbilieHHS MOTHBHpOBaHHOCTH KamAoro pa6oTHHKa, KoAAeKTHBa.
MHorHe
pa6oqeM MeCTe TOH pa6oTofi, KOTOPYIO OH BbinOAHHeT. AOAmHOCTHaH AOA2KHOCTHbIX
HBAHeTCH
HHCTpyK%HRH
o6a3aHHocTefi.
XopoWo
8cp4eKTHBHbIM
COCTaBAeHHa1
CpeACTBOM
AOA2KHOCTHaHI
AOKYMeHTHPoBaHHE HHCTpyKUHR
AOA2KHa
BKAIO'laTb: *
Ha3BaHHC pa6oqefi AOA2KHOCTH
*
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb,
OnHCaHHYIO
HaCKOAbKO
BTO
Bo3MO2KHO
C
TO'iKH
3peHHR
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH 3a pe3yAbTaTbl, *
OCHOBHbIe AOA?HOCTHbie o6x3aHHOCTH
*
opraH3agHOHHbe OTHOCeHHM
*
nOAHOMOqHR
*
pa6oTbl HOpMaTHBbi noKa3aTeAei HUAH KOAH'eCTBeHHbie noKa3aTeAH
*
B3aHMoAeHicTBHe C ApyrHMH pa6OTHHKaMH HicnOAbsyeMb!e o6opyAoBaHHe H MaTepHaAbi
* He TOAbKO BamHoe cpeACTBO pacKpblTHR Xopoiee onHcaHHe AOA2KHOCTHb!X o6s.3aHHocTeii pe3yAbTaTOB, C TO'IKH speHHR coAep2KaHHx H xapaKTepa pa6oTbl H onHcaHHR o2KHAaeMb1x TaK2Ke RBAHeTCa OHO HH2KeCTOSIAHMH, H ynpaBAeHrH BbflCeCTO5itgHM noA0iHHeHHOCTH npH alHaAHse B pa6oTHHKax nOTpe6HOCTH o HHq)OpMaUHH HCTOqHHKOM o6IbeKTHBHbIM o6ecneieHHocTH
pa6onefi
CHAOii,
Ha6ope
Ha pa6oTy,
167
yKoMnAeKTOBaHHOCTH
nOApa3AeAeHHH,
YxpeC,AezHHe pyKOBO4'CTBa H Ho5shlNHHe
vyBcrRHrCAbHocrH A nepeMeHaM
OUeHKH noKa3aTeAeH pa6oTbl, Bo3HarpamAeHHH H nOTpe6HOCTH B o6yqeHHH. Ho AOA2KHOCTHbie MOryT CyigeCTBOBaTb TOAbKO KaK OCHOBa, KaK noAAepmKa o6ocHoBaHHofi Heo6XOAHMOCTH AaHHOro pa6o0ero MecTa. o6s3aHHocTH
KoMAeArTozaXHe pa6oTHHIwoJ 8
COOTreTCTBHH C Tpe6OBaIIHHMH J
1104paa4'eA eHH KaK
TOAbKO
AOCTHrHyTa CTaAHH ycneMHuoro CTPYKTYPHPOBaHHH noApa.3AeAeHHR H /XOTR H Ha 6yMare noKa 'TO/, KaK TOAbKO onpeAeAeHbl q)yHKIAHH H OCHOBHble o6R3aHHocTH H CTPYKTYPHPOBaHbl pa6oqHe MeCTa H AOAMHOCTH /orlsTb noKa '4TO Ha 6yMare/, Heo6XOAHMO HaqHHaTb 3anOAHCHHe 3THX AOA2KHOCTeH H noApa3AeAeHHH pa6OTHHKaMH, KOTOpbie HMelOT Heo6xoAHMbie HaBbIKH H npaBHAbHOe OTHOmeHHe K CBOHM o6R3aHHOCTSRM HAH cnoco6Hbl oBAaAeTb 3THMH Tpe6yeMbIMH HaBbIKaMH H Bbipa6oTaTb Heo6xOAHMoe OTHOI11eHHe K AeAy. y'!pe2AeHHA
B cyigeCTBYIOWHX oTAeAax H CAym6ax HOBoe Ha3Ha-ieHHe pamxax
CyueCTmyOilgero
nepemeu4eHHR
pa6oxiero
OTAeAbHbIX
KBaAHcpHgHpOBaHbi,
'iTo6bl
KOAAeKTHBa,
pa6oTHHKoB,
XOTSI
nOCKOAbKy
BbirOAHMTb
9TO
OHH
nopy'eHHylo
6
MOmeT
yme
HM
yAeT [POXOAHTb B OCHOBHOM rToTpe6OBaTb
6oAee HAH
pa6oTy.
B
HeKOTOpOrO
MeHee
AoCTaToRHo
KOMnAeKTOBaHHe
HoBblX 6yAeT OTAHqaTbC.9 OT BbIIIICYnOMRHyTbIX npogeAyp TOAbKO TeM, 'ITO npHAeTC3ยง HaqHHaTb C HyAH . KorAa Mbi npOBOAHM KOMriAeKTOBaHHe 1IITaTOB Ha OCHOBe Tpe6OBaHHH K KaKAoMy pa6o'emy MecTy, HaM Heo6xOAHMo npoBeCTH TIjaTeAbHOe nAaHHpoBaHHe, OMeHKy cyWecTByIongero flOAOmeHHR H npo6Hoe pacnpeAeAeHHe HAH nepepacnpeAeAeHHe MecT. nlOApa3seAeHHH
Bcero,
HlpemAe onpeAeAHTb
Heo6xOAHMo
KOAH'eCTBO
Tpe6oBaHHH
K pa6oTe
paCCMOTpeTb IIITaTHOe
Heo6xOAHMoro
nepcoHaAa,
H npeAnoAaraemoro
o61beMa
pacnHcaHHe KOTOpOe
Harpy3KH.
Ka2KAoro
noApa3AeAeHHs,
noTpe6yeTCH,
/FoApo6Hee
HCXOAH
CM.
o6
pa.qeAe 2/. Bo-BTOpblX, MbI AOAMHbI onpeAeAHTb KamAoii
pa6oTHHKoB
rpynnbl
Bo3MOmHOCTH
AaAbHeHimxero
yme 3aHHMaIOIUHX HMelOT
o6yqeHHs
xapaKTep H YPOBeHb Heo6xOAHMbIx
3/.
/geAb
Mbl
AOAmHbI
H cAy2Ke6Horo
ogeHHTb
nPOABH2eHHR
8TH AOA2KHOCTH B HaCTOIIUjHH MoMeHT /geAb 3/. CTeneHb KOHKpeTHOCTH, MIx BbInOAHeHHe Tpe6yeT
BblCOKYIO
HS
BTOM B
HaBbIKOB BHyTPH
HaBbIKH,
pesyAbTaTbl,
HAH nepemeugeHHR 9
TH
nepBbie
BbIHeCeHHH
AHtj,
uara
TPH
cepbe.3HbIX
CynAeHHA H pelueHHH. CAeAy!ouHii, MomeT ege AOA2KHOCTb
IOCAeAHHii
6oAee B 8TO1
mar, KOTOpbiH
npeACTOHT CAeAaTb B 9TOH
BamHoe KOHKpeTHoe
3HaqeHHe:
KTO AoA2KeH
H080H OpraHH3aVHH.
B
Mbl XOTeAH
HAeaAe,
6
CBRHH,
HMeeT
6blTb Ha3Ha'eH
Ha
6
blTb
KaKyio
bl coxpaHHTb Tex, KTo yme
pa6oTaeT B AaHHOM noApasAeAeHHH Ha TeX me AOAmHOCT5RX, KTO AOCTaTO'iHO KBaAHPHUHPOBaH AAR BbInOAHCHHH CBOeH pa6oTbl KOrO B TeCeHHe He6OAbllJoro oTpe3Ka BpeMeHH MO2HO 6bAo 6bl nOArOTOBHTb AO ypOBHH Tpe6oBaHHH. Tex me, KTo HeAOCTaTO'IHO KBaAH(pHUHpOBaH HAH Koro HeAbSn noArOTOBHTb 3a npHeMAeMo KOPOTKoe apeMn, AOAmHbI 6yAyr nepeATH Ha AOAmHOCTH, COOTBeTCTBYIOIJHe HX KBaAHcPHKaUHH. B TOM CA'Iae, eCAH TaKoBbix He oKa2feTcC, HM npHAeTCR yHTH Hs 6aHKa. O6pa3oBaBIuHecH TaKHM o6pa3oM BaKaHCHH 6 yAyT 3arioAHeHbi 'Iepes npOABHmeHHe HMelOUJHXCR1 pa6oTHHKoB, o6AaAaioiqHx HAH cnoco6HbIX OBAaAeTb COOTBeTCTBYIOWHMH HaBbIKaMH B COOTBeTCTBHH C Tpe6OBaHHMMH K HX AoAmHOCTH. ECAH TaKEX
168
ComaHae qeAoaeqeciroro KaniTaAa 6aara HXnpHAeTcH npHrAaUlaTb CO CTOpOHbl. He oKam2eTcn B ApyrHx noApa3AeAeHHHX, B 6aHKe. pa6OTHHnKH AOAMHbi 6blTb ocBo6o0AeHbl OT pa6oTbl
pa6oTHHKoB AHLUIHHe Bce
TpyAHbXe
BTO
pa6oTbl
noKa3aTeAeH
pemueHHS, MOmeT
HO
TOAbKO
HaCTynHTb
o6ulero ypoBHH H nepemeugeia
'aCTH
Ami
BbIHrpbIui
B
Bcero
pe3yAbTaTe 3HaqHTeAbHOrO
pa6OTHHKoB.
Bce
AorlyugeHHbIe
YAYquieHHR
OT
y'pemAeHHs
nOBbiHeHHR
3AeCb KoMnpoMHccbi
BHeApeHHIO ycoBepiueHCTBOBaHHM. OCHOBHa.I AH6o 3aMeAAHT, AH6o yMeHbIluaT, AH60 noMeCu1alOT 6 blBUIHX pa6oTHHKOB, COXpaHHB H TeX, KTO npo6AeMa 3aKAIO'laeTcI B Bbl6ope: OCTaBHTb Bcex 6aHKa, o6ecne'ImTb BO3MOmHOCTb nOAHOrO H9BHO AHUIUHH B 6aHKe HAU yAy'iUIHTb pa6oTy IjeAH 3TH He a6CTpaKTHbie, He TeopeTH'iecKHe. BbInOAHeHHB nOCTaBAeHHbiX nepeA HHM geAeH. s3aAaq HagUOHaAbHOrO pa3BHTHH, o6ecneq'B 06blqHO OHH BKAioMaioT: BO3MOMOHOCTb PIICHMHS H BKAaAq4HKOB HHTepecbl 3aIuIHUaM CpeACTB, 3aeMHbIX CTOHMOCTb HH3KYIO HaH6OAee nAaTemecnoco6HOCTb 6aHKa.
noAAepmHBsa
K
cOmaAeHHIO,
Bo
MHOrHX
pa3BHBa1OUIHXCH
CTpaHaX Tpe6yeTcSl
MHOrO
BpeMeHH
Ha TO,
t pa6onee MeCTO 3anOAHeHO pa6oTHuHKoM, wTo6bi AOCTH b TaKOrO nOAO2KeHHA, KorAa Ka2tAoe CyueCTBy1ouRMii YPOBeHb pa6oTHHKOB 6aHKOB HMelOU.HM AOCTaTOMHO BbICOKYIO KBaAHU3HKaUH10. HH30K. PbIHOK TpyAa, rAe MOMHO 6biAo 6bl B 6oAbxrUHHcTBe CBOCM HeyAOBAeTBOpMTeAbHO 6 HaBbIKH, AH o cnoco6Hbix npHo6pecTH HauTH AHU AH6o HMeiOUiHX Heo6xoAHMble 6aHKoBcKHe pOpMHpOBaHHR BHyrpH6aHKoEcKHe pecypcbi HX 3a KOPOTKOe BpeMR, O'ieHb orpaHHMeH. Ho TeM He MeHee, BceMH aTHMH Heo6xOAHMoro yPOBHl HaBbIKOB npaKTHmecKH He3HaqtITeAbHbl. 3HaqHTeAbHbIX Ao6HTbC.R XOTHT KOTOpble 6aHKaM, 3aHHMaTbCH npHAeTCH BonpocaMH 'aCTH aToU rAaBbl Mbl OCTaHOBHMCH Ha yCOBeplIeHCTBOBaHHH B CBOef pa6oTe. B OCTaAbHOH o6eCneqeHHE 6aHKa KBaAHqJHUHpOBaHHbIM KAiO'IeBbIx npo6AeMax, CBH3aHHblIX C TPYAHOCTHMH
nepCOHaAOM.
OnTHMH3HPOBATb TEKYIJIHfl H BYaYIUHE YPOBHU KBAAHDPHKAUHH HEPCOHAAA
UEAb 2. lepeA
6OAbUIHHCTBOM
KacaioiHecR
opraHH3aI,HHH
6aHKoB B pa3BHBalOigHXCR
nepcoHaAa
B OTHOmCeHHH
CTpaHaX CTORT YPOBHR
HaBbIKOB
Cepbe3Hbie H
TPYAHOCTH,
KoM6HHaUHH
aTHX
6aHKoBcKoro AeAa, AH6o B CBH3H C HaBbiKOB H yMeHHU, AH60 BCAeACTBHe 3aAaq nepeCTPOHKH nepCOHaAa H nOBbICHTb ero KoMneTeHTHoCTb. Heo6xOAHMOCTblO paUH0HaAH3HpoBaTb YPOBeHb ypoBeHb MOmeT onpeAeAeHHH, Ka&K0o OAHa M3 BTHX TpyAHOCTeA 3aKAioCaeTCH B npOCTOM cosAaBmeHecH cHTyaUHH H HOBbiX 3aAam, H CUTraTbCAI AOCTaTO'IHO npHeMAeMbiM B YCAOBHRX Kpyra 3ajAaq. Apyras AAR BbinOAHeHHSI 6blTb Ha6op TaKHX HaBbIKOB KaKoB AOA2KeH nOAmTmleCKme H B HeO6XO4HMOCTH pellHTb O'IeHb TPYAHbIe COiHaAbHbie, 3aKAIOCqaeTC. C npeACTORH4M coKpageHHem pa6oTHrKoB. meAoBemeCKHe npo6Aembi, BO3HHKaIOUJHe B CBRSH KBaAH(HU3HPOBaHHblii nepCOHaA, rAe HaHTH B TOM, .3aKAIO'aeTCR TpyAHOCTb TpeTbM MeCT H HasaAa HOBOfi pa6oTbl, HAM, eCAm Tpe6yio4ujHcH AAA cKopefiuiero 3anOAHeHHR pa6o'rx HX B KOpOTKHe CpOKH. HX HeAb3H HaRTH, KaX MO2KHO OripeAeAMTb H nOArOTOBHTb MHOrOaCneKTHyiO npo6AeMy. CaMbli H36blTOK pa6o'iefi CHAbi MO0HO paccmaTpHBaTb KaK
AHulHHue 3aTpaTbI. HeKoTopbie 6aHKH HMeiOT OT oxeBHAHblfi MS HHX - BTO HenpoH3BoAmTeAbHbie OT 1% o 40% AUIIIHHX pa6OTHHKOB. 3aTpaTbi Ha coAep2KaHHe nepcoHaAa COCTaBASHOT 30%0
169
YxpenAemwe A0
3
pyKoro4eCTna
N OlblZUorb eHNe
'IyBCTrNTeACbNOCnw
A
iepememam
%
aKTHBOB, H npeCBbXllalOT HOpMy Ha 50%, 'ITO CylJeCTBeHHO nOApbIBaeT peHTa6eAbHOCTb 6aHKa /HHOrAa OT 0.3% Ao 0.8%/. 3 TH CpeACTBa MorAH 6 bl
CO3AaHHR aAeKBaTHOH TeXHHqeCKoH
6a3bi
6a3bl KanHTaAa, 6aHKa,
Ha
6
MorAH
bl
6
6blTb
blTb HanpaBAeHbl
COBep1iJeHCTBOBaHHe
HcnoAbsoBaHbl
AAR
Ha COBepmlleHCTBOBwHHe
o6CAy2mHBaHHH
KAHeHTOB
COKpaljeHHe apeHAHOH OnAaTbl.
HAH
Ha
BTopoii, MO2KeT 6blTb Aame 6oAee BpeAHbIH atqpeKT H36bITKa pa6oqefi CHAbi 3aKAvoqaeTCsi B ee pahbe4aloigeM BAHHHHH Ha nlpOHSBOACTBCHHYIO KyAbTypy npeAnpHHTHI. KorAa 15 pa6OTHHKoB B OAHOM nOApa3AeAeHHH BbinOAHHIOT pa6oTy, C KOTOpOH MOrAH 6 bi CnpaBHTbCq 10 qeAoBeK, pa6oTa pacnpeAeAAeTcH TaK, WTO nOAHblH pa6o'HHi AeHb He 3aHRT HHKTO, H/HAH no'TH BCH pa6oTa HaBaAHBaeTCH Ha HeCKOAbKHX HaH6OAee KBaAH¢HUHpOBaHHbix pa6oTHHKOB, nO3BOARM OCTaAbHblM BeCTH AerKyio mH3Hb. H43AHlHee KOAHqeCTBO pa6oTHHKoB He cKa.biBaeTcH Ha COBepllleHCTBOBaHHH o6cAy2mHBaHHH KAHeHTOB, H He BeAeT K nOCTOHHHOM) yAyqrIueHHIO Ka'eCTBa pa6oTbl. CKopee Hao6OpOT, BCe STO BeAeT K 3aMe4AeHHIO TeMnOB pa6oTbl H yBeAH'eHHIO o6beMa pa6oTbI, BbInOAHHeMOH HeCKOAbKHMH KBaAHclHUHpOBaHHbIMH pa6oTHHKaMH. IHoBToMy, KorAa nepeA PYKOBOAHTeAeM oTAeAa BApyr BCTaEOT cepbe3HbIe Tpe6oBaHHB, OH Ha'4HHaeT CTaAKHBaeTCH C HenpHHTHeM 3THX Tpe6oBaHHH cpeAH pa6oTHHKoB, npHBbKIUIHX 2mHTb 6e3 HanpR2teHHH. C HX CTOPOHbl OH BCTpeCaeT COnpOTHBAeHHe, KOTOpOe 3aMe4AAeTT, memaeT pa6oTe Ay'IUJHX COTPyAHHKOB, AY41llHX noApa3AeAeHHH H 6aHKy B MeAOM. TpeTbi H3AHIIIHHX
nepcoHaA,
cBR3aHHaR pa6OTHHKoB,
A
ero
B
npo6AeMa
npOAOA2Ka1OT
KBaAH(pHKa]HR
yAoBAeTBopHTeAbHOH. Ha3biBaIOT
C BTHM
KOTOpOrO
BTO
6aHKaX
BeAeT
3aKAIo'aeTcR
Ha6HpaTb, AHLUb K
HeKOTOpbIX
C
co3AaHHIO CTpaH,
npoH3BOACTBa,
B TOM,
Aep2KaTb 6OAblIIOH
'TO
H Aa2Ke
THHeT
npHMo CKa3blBaeTCH Ha KaqeCTBe pa6oTbi npeAnpHlTHi MeUIaeT npOBeAeHHO yCOBBepiueHCTBOBaHHH H MOAepHH3agHH.
K
TOMY
mKe
RTOT
npOABHraTb
HaTHIKKOH
AonOAHHTCAbHOro
KOTOpblH
y'ipe2KAeHHR,
MOfleT
MepTBOrO BHH.3
HMelOogHe no cAy2K6e CqHTaTbCR
rpy3a,
o6ujyio
KaK
KyAbTypy
HnoApa3AeAeHHH H
H
MepTBblH rpy3, COCTaBASIlJOIIHH B HeKOTOpb1X 6aHKax OT 10 Ao 20 CHAbi, npeAcTaBAAeT H 'IeAoBeC'eCKHe npo6AeMbl. MHorHe H.3 HHX - STO AHBa nomHAoro BO3paCTa, KOTOpbIe npHIIIAH Ha pa6oTy B 6aHK, KorAa Tpe6oBaHHi K 6aHKaM 6blAH He CTOAb BbICOKHMH, KaK ceHiqac. MHorHe H3 HHX, 6bITb Mo2eT, npopa6oTaAH BCio CBOIO mH3Hb B 6aHKe H HHKOrAa He CAbI1IIaAH HH OAHOrO 3aMeCaHHH B CBOH aApec. Y HHX eCTb AeTH, KOTOpbIX HaAO yq'lTb, ceMbH, KOTOpbIe Heo6xOAHMO noAAep2KHBaTb, HHorAa Aam2e o'eHb 6OAbLmHe CeMbH, npH 3TOM HX nepCneKTHBbi nOAyqHTb pa6oTy 3a npeAeAaMH 6aHKa OmeHb MaAbI. Mo2meT 6blTb HeKoTopble H3 HHX MoryT H3MeHHTbCR B AyIWiO CTOpOHy KaK pa6OTHHKH B yCAOBHHX HOBbIX Tpe6oBaHHH H 6oAee yMeAoro pyKOBOACTBa, Koro-To Mo2KeT 6blTb MOMHO 06y'HTb HOBbIM HaBbiKaM, HO MHOrHe He cnoco6Hbl HH Ha 'TO. BaHK MOmeT npO4OAMaTh HeCTH BTO 6pemH 3aTpaT, noAAepmHBas1 Hx, coxpaHsm HX pa6o0He MeCTa, MO2KeT H3blCKaTb cnoco 6 bi He nOBb1liwaTb HX 3apa6oTHyio nAaTy, HO MOmeT 6blTb Ay'IIIHM BblXOAOM H3 nOAO2KeHHR MOrAo 6bl CTaTb HX YBOAbHeHHe H BblnAaTa 6OAbuIoro eAHHOBpeMeHHOrO noco6HR, noMolgb B noAy'eHHH KaKoH AH60 HOBOH cnegHaAbHOCTH. MomeT 6blTb BTO MorAo 6 bl nOMO'b H aTHM AIOAHM, a He TOAbKO 6aHKy. npogeHToB pa6oqefi
170
CoxaHmre weAoseYecKoro KaHlTaAa 6amKa
HeAoyKoMn.AeKToBaHHocTb o'eBHAHoH,
npeACTaBAHeTcR
nepcOHaAa
6oAee
npo6AeMofi
Aame TorAa, HO BO MHorHx CAY'qaRX MbI BcTpe4aeMcR c HeH
KorAa
AerKoH
H
no 6aHKy B
UeAOM CYIMeCTBYeT nepeyKoMUAeKTOBaHHOCTb. BOnpocaX TexHHqec oro o6ecne'eHIH
B
nepCOHaA
CyujeCTByIOWUHH
o6ibeMa TeXHH'!eCKOrO
He CMOmeT
OCHaBueHHR
Mbl no'TH
nOAHOCTbIO
6aHKa H nOAHOrO
AeAo c nOAOmeHHeM, 'TO
BcerAa HMeeM CnpaBHTbC$I
npeAnoAaraeMbim
c
H aqX(peKTHBHOro
pOCTOM
HCnOAb3OBaHHH
Aame
o'epeAb KacaeTcH rAaHHpOBaHHE B 6aHKe TeXHH'eCKHX cpeACTB. 3To B nepByio Meio1iHmXC aKcnAyaTaIIHH CyJgeCTBYlOUIHX H CylUeCTBYIOHMHX CHCTeM, pa3BHTHS HOBOU TeXHOAorHH, KOHTpOAH Ka'eCTBa HX pa6oTbI. BbinOAHHIOTCH He B AOCTaTOMHOM o6,beMe 6aHKe eCTb euge HeKOTOpbie (3yHKIHH, KOTOpbie K HHM OTHOCHTCH MapKeTHHr, nAaHHpoBaHHe, ynpaBAeHHe Hu-3a HeXBaTKH nepcoHaAa. ayAHT, HeKoTopbIe nOArOTOBKa nepCoHaAa, aKTHBaMH H o6RHaTeAbCTBaMH, aHaAH3 OnepaUHH, B HeKOTOpbie ccpepbl ynpaBAeHHH KpeAHTaMH, pa3AeAbi He aAMHHHCTPaTHBHoro XapaKTepa, "npo6AeMHbIMH" 3aiMaMH. HaCTHOCTH MOHHTOPHHr KpeAHTOB H ynpaBAeHHe
B
nOAPa&AeAeHCH OCHOBHbie noCAeACTBHR HeAOYKOMnACKTOBaHHOCTH opraHH3agHH. B OHO He MO2eT CnpaBARTbCH CO CBOHMH q)YHKIHHMH uITaTa,
3aHHMaiOu4erOCn
ynpaBAeHHeM
npo6AeMHbvMH
4 3aHMaMH,
BbIpa2aIlOTCH B TOM, 'TO HeAoyKoMnAeKToBaHocTb
OSHaMaeT,
'TO
B
TeCeHHe
6 a B pHAe cAyqaeB CTaHyT BpeMeHH aTH 3aHiMbl TaK H OCTaHYTcH Inpo AeMHb]MH, nepcoHaAa OSHalaeTf, 'TO THmeAbIMH CAyqa5iMH. HeAOCTaToIHa.I nOArOTOBAeHHOCTb
4AHTeAbHOrO euje 6oAee
CTORLMHe nepeA 6aHKoM. OCTaHyTCH HepeUlleHHbIMH HeKOTOpbie 3aAaIH, HecOOTBeTCTByIOUgH
Ha6Op
HaBbIROB,
KOTOpblH
'iaige
Bcero nposiBA5ieTcH
KaK
HeXBaTKa
Alo6oro 6aHKOBCKoro RBAReTCH KpHTHMeCKHM HCTOMHHKOM CAa6oCTH B 6aHKax 6eAcTBHH HacTosgiero HOCHT xapaKTep MeHee OHa TeM He y'qpeMAeHHI. 6 a3OBbIX HaBbIKOB y HanpHMep, MaCTO CTaAKHBaACH C OTCYTCTBHeM pa3BHBaioU4HxcB CTpaH. 5, Kacca, Me2mAyHapoAHbie BCeX ypOBHei no TaKHM Bonpocam KaK KpeAHT, PYKOBOAHTreAei B BTHX pecypcaMH, TeXHHKa H ayAHT. OAHOBpeMeHHO (lHHaHCbl, ynpaBAeHHe qeAOBeneCKHMH KOHTOpCKHX KAepKoB, 6aHKoBCKHX MHCAO BbICOKoe HeonpaBAaHHO pa6oTaAo 6aHKax MHOrHe 6aHKH apyrHMH CAOBaMH, ceKpeTapeHf, KaCCHpOB. pa6OTHHKOB-aAMHHHCTpaToPOB, 6 BbICOKoro YPOBHH B aHKOBCKOM AeAe H HCnbITbIBalOT cepbe3Hyio HexBaTKy HaBbiKOB 6oAee Bo MHorHx cTpaHax BTO KBaAHpHKaUHH. 6aHKoBcKoHi HeBbICOKOH HaBbIKOB H36blTOK HMeCoigHx YHHBepCHTeTCKOe o6pawoBaHHe H aKBHBaAeHTHO OTPameHO B Ae(pHUHTe AMU, Bce BTO CpeAHee o6pa3oBaHHe. H HeaaKoHmeHHoe HMelOIHX cPeAHee AHII, H3AHUIKe BonpocoB O nepemeijeHHH pa6OTHHKOB. BHa'IHTeAbHO 3aTpyAHHeT H 3aMezAReT peUieHHe OnpeAeAeHHbIX
HaBbIKOB,
BOT nomeMy 'pe3BbiqaliHo OrrTHMH3aQHH
YPOBHR
BamHO CAeAaTb aKTHBHbie,
KOMrLAeKTOBaHHB
6aHKa
TBOpmeCKHe H ryMaHHbie
pa6OTHHKaMH,
HMe[OIUHMH
wUarH no
COOTBeTCTBYIOUlHe
HMeH Ha6op H pa3HoO6pa3He HaBbiKH H o6ecnemHTb npH BTOM Heo6xOAHMblH Mbl no CyTHrOTOBHM H cHTYaUH1O Ha 6yAyiMee, BBHAy, %ITO, pema.R CerOAHSiHIoio npo6AeMy, nRTb AeT. HHme paccMaTpHBaloTcH cnoco6bl oxsaTbiBiaioee nepHoA no KpaHHeH Mepe B KOMnAeKTOBaHHH II1TaTOB C TO'KH 3peHHR OnpeAeAeHHq H AOCTH2KeHHR Heo6xOAHMoro YPOBHR B KamAOM AeAe HaBbiKoB H yMeHHi ypOBHHI H Ha6opa Heo6xOAHMbIx B 6aHKoBcKoM BTHX HaBbIKOB,
nOAPa3AeAeHHH.
171
YEpeR'eose pyEoaoocTea o HolmweNKe Omnwrm
I1JN
BaHKOBCKas
cywecTy.ywzjeero ypoBrH
OpraHHMaUH
MHOFrOHCACHHb1C HepapXH'IeCKHX
e 'I7rBc
yPOBHRX.
AOA2KHOCTH,
IOCAe
TOrO,
KaK
Kr zepememaa
0 Hoa6opa raHw5 oB
co6o0i
npeACTaBARCT
KOHKpeTHbIe
A7eTAbDocTN
o 6 beAHHRi1ouW
CTpyKTypy,
pacnoAaraloijHecH
Ha
npH6AH3HTeAbHo I
10-15
pasymHoe
npoH3oiuAo
cTpyXTypHpoBaHHe BTHX H B xoAe nepeCTpOHKH onpeAcAeHo HX 'qHCAO, 6aHKy AaAee Heo6xoAHMO pelDHTb KoAH'eCTBO (pyHKHiHH, cBR3aHHbIX C Ka2KAbiM pa6osHM MeCTOM. CoAep2maHHe pa6oTbl HeKoTopbix AOA2mHOCTeH H3MeHHTcR, sTO noTpe6yeT OT pa6oTHHKa BAaAeHHA 6 OAblllHM HAH AOAmHOCTei
MeHblHM
KOAH'eCTBOM
KOHKpeTHOH
pa6oTbl.
COCTaBAH1OiuHX
CoKpaTsTcn
TpyAHcOTb 3a]KAIoaeTcH CyleCTBWIBOHlO
B
BTOM
HCKOTOPbIC
B TOM,
oTO6bi
fIOApa3AeAeHHH,
AAR
CyUgeCTBYIOUlHC AOAmHOCTH,
npaBHAbHO
B
Heo6xoAHMbIx
OTAcAe
OnpeAeAHTb
H
BO
BCeM
BbinOAHeHHR
rIOHBHTCH
ceroAHHUmHroIo
MO0HO
HCnOAb3oBaTb
cy6'beKTHBHOCTH H CTenleHbJO
HCCKOAbKO
nOAXOAOB.
OHH
HOBbIC.
noTpe6HocTb
6aHKe
B pa3AHqHbIx noTpe6HOcTH paccMaTpHBaioTcR B cAeAyioueH rAaBe/.
AOA2rHocTeH. /ByAyWHe FIpH
xapaKTepHCTHK,
pa3AH'IaioTcR
YPOBHRX
cTeneHb!O
H3MepHeMOCTH /OT BbNCOKO cy6,beKTHBHOA ogeHKH A0 HaH6oAee
cnoco6HOHi K KOAH'eCTBeHHOMy OripeAeAeHHIO/. Tam, rAe pYKOBOAHTCAH XOpOWilO 3HalOT cBOe AeAO, XOpOIUO IpeACTaBARIOT, CKOAbKO AIOAeH HM Heo6XoAHMo AAH aBqxeKTHBHOH pa6oTbl H ABAHIOTCH Bbipa!3HTeAeM KOpnOpaTHBHOH KyAbTypbl y"pe2KAeHHR, yMeR co3AaTb yCAOBHR BbICOKOH MOTHBHPOBaHHOCTH pa6oTbl AA CBOHX COTPYAHHKOB, 'ITo6bI Ao 6 HTbCR OT HHX HaH6oAee B9X(pKTHBHOH pa6OTbl, TaM CnoKOHHO MO2IHO nOAOHTH C TO'IKH 3peHHR cy6beKTHBHOfi OgeHKH. Mbi MO2KeM nOnpOCHTb pyKOBOAHTeAeHi noApa3AeAeHHR nepHOAH'ieCKH onpeAeARTb CBOH IIOTpe6HOCTH B nepCOHaAe, nIOATaAKHBaH HX K nOCTORHHOMY BHHMaHHIO B AaHHOH o6AacTH, 3acTaBARR HX OMeHHBaTb KamAbiH pas cHTyaUHio
K
3aHOBO H corFAalaTbCH c ero YPOBHCM Tpe6oBaHHH.
B paSBHTbIX, rloaToMy
TaK
H
B
pa3BHBaIOUMHXCH
HeO6xOAHMO
pa3pa6oTaTb
cTpaHaX/
KaKHe-TO
COraAeHHIO MHOrHe PYKOBOAHTeAH /KaK He
o6AaAaloT
npHeMbl
TaKHMH
HCnOAb3oBaHHSI
cnoco6HocTRMH. KOAH'eCTBeHHbIX
XapaKTepHCTHK.
B
6aHKax
TaKoH
npHeM
CaMOM
B pa3BHBaio1jHxcC KOAHsecTBeHHOH
6aHKe
CKOnHAOCb
KOAHseCTBO
KAHeHTOB,
npOBepox,
KOAH'ICTBO
Tpe6ylOUjHx
H
xapaKTep,
TaKHM
B
HO
H
OCHOBHOM
6oraTCTBO
onpaBAaHHO
ypOBHq
y'e6HbIx KoAHsecTBo
HOCMT
nOAAaiOTCH
KypcOB,
HMeCTCR
BO3MO2KHOCTb
AAR
KoAH'eCTBO
H THnbl
B
STOFo:
OTseTOB,
C TO'IKH
HcnoAb3oBaHHH
onepaHfi, e2KeAHeBHaR,
BOAee Toro, OCHOBHbie
CTaHAapTH3OBaHblH alHaAH3y
He Bce aTH AaHHbie co6paHbl B 6aHKax B
6e3ycAoBHo
iITaToB.
HeO6XOAHMOH
H Ce3OHHaR 3arpy2KeHHOCTb OTAeAeHHH, OHH AerKO
HCnIOAb3OBaTb
H rAy6HHa nPOBOAHMblx ayAHTOpCKHX
BHAa o6pa6OTKH,
KOAHsieCTBC
Mo2KeM
KOMriAeKTOBaHHH
HHqxopMaUHH,
npOAOA2KHTeAbHOCTb
CBOeM
o6paSoM
nporHo3a Ha 6yAyMee.
MbI AOCTaTOsHO
Heo6XOAHMOrO
KoAHsecTBO c'ieToB, KOAH9eCTBO
e2KeMecalMHaR
OnepaIHH
BHAe,
HacTo.Rujee
onpeAeAeHHorO
e2KeHeAeAbHaR,
cTpaHax OeHKH
H
nOBTOP.RIOUHHCX
3pCHHH
npHeMAeMoM
rlpoIAoro
H
AAR aHaAH3a
KOAHICCTBeHHbIX
OlleHOK
noTpe6HOCTH B pa6oTHHKax. Ami
6aHKa
oco6eHHo
nOAeSHbIMH
oKa3biBaioTcC
HarpySKH, aHaAH3 B3aHMOOTHOIIIeHHH H MOAeAHpOBaHHe.
172
TpH
KOAHseCTBeHHbIX
MeTOAa:
aHaAH3
6ra
CoBraHNe qeAoae'ecKvoro KaInTiama AHaAHS HarpysIIw. HcnOAb3y5I BTOT cBOero
onepaUHH,
KOHKpeTHbIX y'eTHbIX
npoBeAeHHe
/no THnaM KpeAHTOB/,
KpeAHTOB
mOAyWeHHe
MacTH:
Ha OTAeAbHbIe
nOApa3AeAeHHR
pYKOBOAHTeAb CHa'aAa pa36HBaeT BCIO pa6oTy o6pa6oTra BKAaAOB, o6pa6OTXa 3aHBAeHHi Ha
nOAXOA,
6
npHHHMaeMOrO Ha pa6oTy, pa3pa6oTKa y'ie Hblx nporpaMM, o6pa6oTma 3 aTeM, nporpaMM. KOMnbiOTepHbiX npOCTbIX pa3pa6oTKa AoKyMeHToB,
npOBeAeHHe npoBepKH
iopHAUHecXHx
OAHOH OTAeAbHOH pYROBOAHTeAb OgeHHBaeT KOAH'!eCTBO BpeMeHH, Heo6xoAHMoe Ha coBepEueHHe TaKxX a6blqHO B pa6o-IHx qacax. 3aTeM PYKOBOAHTeAb nporHO3HpyeT KOAHqecTBO
onepauHH,
aAeMeHTOB BceH
COCTaBARiOJUHX
H
AaHHyIO onepagHio.
pacqeTe
OAHoro
Ha
B
Ha
ApyrHe
onepagHi
Ha
BpeMeHH B roA Ha
KOAHqeCTBa
onpeAeAeHHR
pa6oqHx qacOB B rOA B
HaKoHeil, noAy'eHHaR cyMMa AeAHTcR Ha 'HCAO
pa6oTHHKa.
HCnOAb3yA
TaKMe
8TO yMHo2meHHe KOAHqeCTBa
-
AAR
Ha OAHY onepaqHio
BpeMeHH
KOAH,eCTBO
onepaUHH
Ero qCTBCPTaS
paKTopbi/.
BamHbIe
a
noApa3AeAeHHI,
nAaHe
Ha onepagHOHHOM
AaHHbIX,
npoiuAbix
ero nOApa3AeAeHHR B rOA /OCHOBblBaRCb
AeHTeAbHOCTH
pe3yAbTaTe OH noAyqaeT qHCAO pa6oTHHKOB,
Heo6xoAHMbix
roAy. AAR BbInOAHeHHH aTorO BHAa pa6oTbl B ero noApa3AeAeHHH B AaHHOM
coAepmaHHe
rAe
H
oAHoro-AByx
Bb1nOAHCHHCM
BHAOB
AHqHbIX AeA pa60THHXoB
orpaHHqHBaeTcH
pa6OTHHKa Mo2reT
aToro
rpHMepoM
onepaUHHi.
CAy2HTb
pa6oTa
B
onepaUHH, CBH3aHHbie C y'ieToM, 3anOAHeHHe
To
B cAym6e KaApOB.
rAe pa6oTa HOCHT nOBTOPRIOHliHHCR
KOHKpeTHOrO
OAHorO
pa6oTbl
o6pa6oTma 3aHBAeHHH Ha KpcAHTbI,
oTAeAeHHHX,
6aHKa.
pe3yAbTaTbi,
H OnUCaTb KOAH'eCTBeHHbie
COCTaBASHOiJHe
xapaKTep,
rAe pa6oTy MOmHO pa3Ao2KHTb Ha AHcKpPTHbie
TaM,
TaKoii noAXoA HaH6OAee npHcMAeM
me MO2KHO CKa3aTb 0 TexHH'ecKHx oTAeAax
geAOM, nlpOgeHT TaKOH pa6oTbi no 6aHKy AOBOAbHO BbICOK.
B
COOTHOLIueHH.
AHaAH3
BTOH
HCnOAb3OBaHHe
MeTOAHKH
OAHOrO
COOTHeceHHS
Tpe6yeT
AAR HanpHMep, nporHo3 o6beMa pa6oTbl H HcnoAb3oBaHHe aToro nporHo3a COOTHOUeHNe nporHO3HpOBaHHR noTpe6HocTeH B nepcoHaAe. HanpHMep, AOA2KHO CyJ1eCTBOBaTb YCAYTH oKaabiBa1oIjero nepcoHaAa, KOAHUeCTBOM H KAHeHTOB KOAHUCCTBOM MemAy
qaxTopa c ApyrHM,
pa6oTalou4HX
pa6oTHHKoB
B OTAeAC
npOBepOK B OTAeACHHH
ayAHTopcKHx
'HCAOM
Mem2AY
KAHeHTaM,
HenOCpeACTBCHHO
HHAHBHAYaAbHbIX
H 'IHCAOM
Memy
XpeAHTOBaHHR,
HHAHBHAyaAbHoro
peBH3OpOB,
MemAy
-IHCAOM
qHCAOM
H
BKAaAqHKOB
KOAH'IeCTBOM 3aeMUJHKOB
H
4HCAOM pa6oTHHKoB, oq)opMAxioJgHx KpeAHTbI. npocqHTaTb HX Sa PyxoBoAHTeAb Ka2Aoro oTAeAa AOAmeH onpeAeAHTb aTH COOTHOHIeHHR, 6yAyiMee BC BO3MOmHbIMH nOCAeAHHe, cKameM, TpH roAa, nOnbITaTbCH CAcAaTb npOrHO3 Ha Ha
H3MeHeHHRMH 6yAyujero, nOToKa
OCHOBaHHH H3 TOrO,
HCXOAS
pa6oTbl,
KBaAH(uHKaUHH
B KOAH'eCTBe
ynpoil4eHHe
6aHKa,
H
CaMbie
6aHKoB, HMeiOU4HX
pa3pa6oTaTb
WTO
B 6aHKe
coAepmaHHS
AeT,
npoBeAeHa pa6oTbI,
HAH
BHeCTH
aBTOMaTH3aUHR?
npoBeAeHHH
nonpaBKy
B
oUeHKy
c0BepieHCTBOBaHHC
o6y'eHHR
H
nOBbiueHHR
nOTpe6HOcTH H T.A., 3aTeM nIpHMeHHTb 8TH COOTHOIIeHHH AAR nporHO3HpOBaHHA roAy. AaHHoM B qYHKUHH pa6oTHHxoB AAR BbImOAHeHHS AaHHOH onpeAeAeHHOH
Mo4eA-ApoBaNHe. YCAOBHRM
npOLUAb1X
CTaTHCTHKH
ABe,
npOCTbie
HX AO
MOAeAHpOBaHHR
6oAbluoe KOAH'ieCTBO oTAeAeHHI.
TpH HAH 'eTbipe
AoBeCTH
qOpMbi
MoAeAH
coBepueHCHTBa
oco6eHHo
COOTBseTcTlyT
TaKHM o6pa3oM, HeO6xOAHMO
OTAeAeHHf, npeACTaBARIOJIgHH THnHqIiiHbiH C TOXKH
173
3peHHR
MOTpe6HOCTeH
paspe3
B o6cAymHmaHrH
Yxpe,iAe,oe p.Fyo,vrcrDa N mosmiIIeifNe V.iycTa,n'IbHaocTf Jr IiepeJeeHaa KAHeHToB,
aBqXeKTHBHOCTH
AoKyMeHTOB, KOHTPOAH, CO3AaHHR HoPMaTHBHblX a 3aTeM peaAH3OBaTb OAHY HAH Apyrylo MOAeAb BO Bcex oTAeAeHHHx 6aHKa.
onepagHN, MomHo
pa3pa6oTaTb
Heo6xoAHMbIM yCAOBH9
COOTHoLueHHe
KOAHYeCTBOM
pa6oTbi
KOAHqeCTBe
6aHKa,
pa6oTHHKoB
THnH'HbIX A"A
no H
MemAy
pa6OTHHKOB, ero
BceM
KOAH'eCTBO
TaKoe
o6ibeMaMH
pa3AH4HbIX
COOTHOiueHHe
oTAeAeHHRM, KoHKpeTHbIX
MO2KHO
YTo6bi
THnOB
onepagHii
H
nepeHeCTH Ha o6iuHe
cocnocTaBHTb
BHAOB npOAYKUHH
Tpe6oBaHHs
B
H ycAyr B o6IbeMax,
KamAoro oTAeAeHHH.
80-90%
nO'TH
rIocKoAbKy cTpaHax
o6pa6oTKH
pa6oTaIOT
nlpOgeHTOB Bcex
B oTAeAeHHMX,
onTHMH3agHH
pa6oTHHKoB KOAHqeCTBa
6aHKoB
pa3BHBaio1IHXCx
B
pa6oTHHKoB,
HCXOAR
H3 aTHX
flpHeMbi
o0eHKH
Tpe6oBaHHA, npHHeCeT B3HaHTeAbHYIO BblrOAy. BOAbUHHCTBO noTpe6HocTeH
nOApa3BAeAeHHH
B nepcoHaAe.
B
6aHXax
OnTHMH3agHH
KOAH 1 eCTBeHHble
HCnOAbJyJOT
ypoBHH o6ecneqeHHocTH
nepCOHaAoM
qpe3BblaHHo
BamHa
AAi 6aHKa. fHoTOMy CTOHT noTpaTHTb BpeMH H nOCTapaTbcq HaHTH aTH KOAHqeCTBeHHbIe nOAXOAbl, XOTH OHH Ha nepBblH B3rARA He BcerAa oYeBHAHbI. HayrHTb BTOMY AHHeHHbMX PYKOBOAHTeAeH npeACTBAHeTCq qpe3BBbiaHHo nOAe3HWM AeAOM. OAHaKo, ogeHKH.
He Bce peieHHH MoryT 6blTb
Heo6xoAHMo
CY1CCTBYeT
Bbipa6aTbiBaTb
BOBMO2mHOCTb
KatYecTBe
3aBepiuaioWero
o6y'eHMM
Mo2IeT
no
cy2KAeHHH
KOAHMeCTBCHHOH AOBOAa
AAH 6aHKa.
B
no
yBeAHqeHHH
3
Aecb
ilTaTa
HaBbIKOB
H
HX
npaBHAbHbIH Ha
cAeAaTb eie
Ha6op.
Mbl
OAHO yme
A0
KorAa
Cyf2fAeHHe
o6ecneqeHHe
TaKHX flpeAeAOB,
B
3aAaY
KOTOpbMI
AaHHOM cAy'ae, AH6o Heo6xoAHMo HsMeHHTb 3aAaqH
nepcoHaAa, AH6o OTAO2KHTb HX peueeHHe HITaT, HaCKOAbKO noB3BOARIOT CpeACTBa 6aHKa.
yMeCTHO
HanpHMep,
aHaAH3a H
Aame
TeMaM.
npHMeHHTb
Heo6xOAHMo
peUeHHH.
noAroTOBKe
HapaujHBas
KOAH'eCTBeHHoro
onpeAeAeHHbIM
ogeHKH,
npHHRTHR
AAR
BbI3BaTb Heo6xoAHMOCTb
OKa2eTCH AoporoCTOHUHM
InpHHRTbI Ha OCHOBe
3aMemeaHHe:
3HaeM,
KaK
Ha
HeCKOAbKO
KaK ruaHHpoBaTb
Ba2KHO
HMeTb
B
AeT,
YPOBeHb
OAHOM
nOcTeneHHO
Tpe6yeMbix
noApa3AeAeHHH
6
op Heo6xoAHMbIx HaBblKOB AAA o6ecneqeHHn ero a BqeKTHBHOH pa6oTbi KaK B BbInOAHeHH51 cBoeH pOAH B 6aHKe, TaK H AAR AOCTH2KeHHH cBoHx co6CTBeHHbIX pe3yAbTaToB, 3a KOTOpoe noApa3AeAeHHe HBAMeTCH oTBeTCTBeHHbIM. OTHOLueHHH
KpoMe
Toro,
noTpe6HocTb
noApaB4eAeHH3lx BbllJe, 'eM
B
B ApyrHx,
YPOBeHb KAHeHToB HAH nOTOMy,
6oAee
KBaAHqpHUHpoBaHHoM
HAH H3-3a Toro,
YTO
nepCOHaAe
B
OAHHX
OHH o6cAymHBaioT 6oAee BbICOKHN
YTO BeAyT 6oAee CAO2KHbie onepagHH, CBHBHHbIe C BbICOKHM
YPOBHeM
AeBepa2Ka HAH BbICOKHM ypoBHeM pHCKa, HAH CBR3aHHbie C Heo6XoAHMOCTbJO npHHSTHH OTBeTCTBeHHbIX caMocToHITeAbHbIx pemeHHH HAH no KaKo80-To ewe npHHiHHe.
Bo
Bcex
nepCOHaA
CAy'aHX
HBAHeTcH
Mbl AAA
AOA2KHbl HHX
3HaTb,
B
Heo6xoAHMbIM,
KaKoM
KOAH'eCTBO
H
KaKOJi
KBaAH(PHKaUHH
aTO AOA2KHo 6MTb BbIJCHeH0 B KamAOM noApa3AeAeHHH, npemAe 'eM MbM MomM BbIHeCTH pemeHHe o c6aAaHcHpoBaHHocTH Tpe6oBaHmH no BceMy 6 aHKy B oTHOuIeHHH npeAoCTaBAeHHR pecypcoB H paCnpeAeAeHHR HeMHoro'HcAeHHbIX TaAaHTAHBbIX AioAeH, HMeIo0HXCc B pacnopa2KCeHHH 6aHKa, TaK YTo6Mb HCnOAb3OBaTb HX B CaMbiX nPHOPHTeTHbIX HHTepecax 6aHKa.
174
Cos2aHNee veAoBeqecioro KraHnTraA 6au'xa 'IeTmoe
nepcoHaAy,
OAHoro
npeAeAax
B
KoMneTCHTHOCTH
noApo6Horo
BOAce
nOApa3AeAeHHH.
K
K Ha6opy HaBbIKOB H YPOBHIO
IOAy'iaeM rOTOBbie Tpe6oBaHHS
MbI
B pe3yAbTaTe
aTa
6aHXe
Tpc6oBaHHR
onHcaHbI
6blAH
O6TbeCKTBHo
T11aTeAbHO,
npoBeeeHa
pa6OTa
noArOTOBHTeAbHaH
B
ECAH
ypOBHH.
UX
H
HaBb1KOB
OTHOII1CHHH
B
Tpe6oBaHHH
Heo6xoAHMbiX
Ha6op
OTpamaTb
'ieTKO
AOA2KHO
o6HsaHHocTeii
AOA2KHOCTHbIX
onHcaHHe
yme He
aHaAH3a
Heo6xoAHMo onpeAeAHTb xapaxTep
He npOAeAaAH,
Tpe6yeTcH.
BaHKH, KOTOpbie TaKOM pa6oTbl
Tpe6yeMblx
Ha Ka2KAOH AOA2KHOCTH HaBbIKOB. aTo o3Ha'aeT,
npOCAeAHTb BCDO
wTO HeO6XOAHMO
AaHHOA Hepapxuio pa6otlHx MeCT H OnpeAeAHTb COOTHeCeHHOCTb HaBblKOB C YPOBHeM H MecTOM
He BCe HOApa3AeAeHHH
CTaAKHBaTbcA C AeCPHUToM yMeHHH, 3
KBaAH(pHKaijHH.
Tpe6yeMbIx
peuieHo 'epe3
nporpammy o6yqeHHR
npoCToH.
6oAee
npeACTaBAHeTCS
KpeAHTaM. pa6oTaAH
ero HHTepeCaX CaMbIMH
C
aaKAiomaAaCb
6
CnegHaAHCTbi
6aHKa,
noApa3AeAeHHR
B
6
bi
B yme6HOM
nOAb3y Te3Hca:
HanpHMep,
6aHK
CneUHaAHCTbI.
3
xorAa AOArOCpO'RHOe Ba2KHOCTb,
MeHbillylO CHCTeMa
o6pa3oBaHHR
6aHKH
ypOBeHb
C Toro,
CneUHaAHCTaMH.
'iTO PYXOBOAHTeAb
rAe AOA2KHbl
neperoBopbl
Ay'imHe
pa6oTaTb
AyslIIIHMH
pa6oTaTb
BbIlUICcTORHHM
C
iA,pkr
CerOAHR.
roTOBHAa
175
AeAo
BaHKOBCKOe
MOAoAeC2b
AAR
'ieAOBeIecKHx
HCnOAb3OBaHHR
nAaHHpOBaHHe
3HaHHH
IOPHCTOB
ero Tpe6OBaHHUi.
cnpoc Ha
'eM
BeAeT
OH
npo6AeMHbIM
no KpeAHTaM
Ay'IUIHX
OTAeAe AOAMHbi
IllTaTOB HasHHaeTCH
aTeM
no
npo6AeMaMH.
nOSHUHH B ero nOApa3AeAeHHH,
onpeAMACeT KAIO'eBbie
yAOBAeTBOpRiOiolHH
noApa3AeAeHH.IX
KaKHX
pa6oTa
yKOM1iAeKTOBaH
6bITb
AOA2KeH
Peaaqp,, Ha ACfMeJsrf7IoIfKcl
cTa6HAbHbIM.
B
CnegHaAHCTbi
HTo6bi
6aHKa.
KAHeHTaMH
Ha'qaAbCTBOM 0 B03MOmHOCTH yAoBAeTBOpeHRH
npeACTaBALAO
H aTa 3aAaqa
CneFCHaAHCTaMH
HaH6oAee OnbITHbie
4To6bI
TaKme,
6biAH
OHH
BTOM
KasecTBa npH KOMnAeKTOBaHHH
BpeMR,
nepcoHaAa.
pa6OTHHKax.
KBaAH)HIHpoBaHHblX
npH
OTAeA ayAHTa
KBaAHqHUHpOBaHHbie
BblAO
AOAmHo
onpeAeAHTb,
Heo6xoAHMo
bl B pa6oTe HaA caMbiMH BamHbIMH IOpHAHAeCrHMH
OnTHMH3a4UHR
CaMbIe
AeCb
TpyAHbIMH
Bam2Hbie AoBOAbl
ECTb
-ITo
H
KpeAHTOB,
B
6bITb
OCTaAbHoe
oTO6bi Ay'qlHe HU3 HMeIOJIHXCR y Hero CneiHaAHCTOB pa6oTaAH B oTAeAe
3aHHTepeCOBaH B TOM, npo6AeMHblx
nOKa-3aTeAH
H KaMeCTBeHHbie
6oAee
B
Heo6xoAHMocTb
CyigeCTByeT
3
nOAHOM
B
H
eMy
H nOArOTOBKH.
OgeHHTb
me MO0HO
TaK
HO
o6pa3oM,
HHTepeCaMH.
H
meAaHHHMH
co6CTBeHHbIMH
HX
C
nO-HaCToR
HcnOAb3OBaTb
6aHKa
A
Ay'luHHM
npUHXOAWTCR
qacTo
3AeCb
HaM
cyMelOT nOAy4HTb nOAHblu cnexKp
BO3MO2KHOCTb
AaeT
He TOAbKO
COOTBeTCTBHH
TOHHO
3TO
aTo
pa6OTHHKOB
KBaAHcjHpIPOBaHHbIX
HIOCKOAbKy
o6AacTH.
KOHKpeTHOHi
B AaHHOii
nOArOTOBAeHHbIMH
HaH6oAee
nOApa3AeACHHA
KaamAoro
YKOMnAeKTOBaHHOCTb
cneg,HaAHcTaMH
AAR
OcyUgeCTBHTb
qTo6bI
3apaHee,
onpeAeAeHbI
blTb
Heo6xoAHMble
HaBbIKH,
BHyTpH nOApa3iAeAeHHR HAH 6aHKa B MeAOM BO BpeMS nepeCTpOH
H
Heo6XOAHMbie nepeMegeHn
6
AOA2KHbl
MecTa,
pa6o'ero
UeAb1M B 6aHKe
CHCTeMbi
rOMnbIoTepHOH
Ha6opa KBaAHpHKaUHIi H HaBbIKOB.
Tpe6yeT cBoero co6cTBeHHoro
o6ecnCewtrb
Bonpocy
sAaAe1ouHHx
AIOAe4,
6oAblue
Pa3BHTHe
KpeAHTaM.
3HaHHUi no
ConOA4HHeHHbIX
xa?KAoro
KpeAHToB Tpe6yeTCR
nO BblAame
nOApa3AeAeHHH
Ha6opoM
3 no
PasAeA
/CM.
noApa3AeAeHHH.
npoR3BOACTBCHHbIX HaBbIKOB/.
B3aHMOCBH3aHHOCTH
B
B
OTHOiIIeHHH
CHCTeMe
B
AOAmHOCTH
TaK,
nOCTynAeHHR
'TO Ha
6
blAO
peCypCOB AOBOAbHO
BbIlIYCKHHKH pa6oTy.
HMeAH
Tpe6oeaHHR
YN9peIemNe
RopnopaTHBHOH
pyzrOBq.CTra N ArBmoIBreNHe SWCT75rNTeAhHoC2N
neperC
A
eaMN
KyAbTypbI
B camoM 6aHKe 6bIAH He CTOAb BbICOKHMH, KaK H Tpe6oBaHHa K YPOBHIO 3HaHHN H HaBbIKOB. 3 a nocAeAHHe rOAbl KapTHHa nOAHOCTbIO H3MeHHAacb: *
6aHKOBCKHiN
6H3Hec
MeHRioTcR
OTAHqaeTCR
npoAyKTbi
H
ceHqac
BbICOKON
AHHaMHXIHOcTbIO,
6bicTpo
qOpMbi o6CAymHBaHH.I, xapaKTep CBH3H, MeHHeTcH 6aHKoBcKa3i TexHHKa, pacTyT Tpe6oBaHHM KAHeHTOB H a]UMHOHepOB, MeHnewcH 6aHKoBcKoe peryAHpoBaHHe. COOTBeTCTBeHHO, BO3paCTa1OT pHCKH ycAyrH,
H3MweHnoTc1
6aHKOBCKHX onepagHA H BO3pacTaeT YPOBeHb Tpe6oBaHHN rocyAapCTBeHHbix OpraHoB peryAHpOBaHHH K AeHTeAbHOCTH 6aHKoB. *
BO
MHorHX
YCHAeHH10
pa3BHBaioWHXC3H
KOHKypeHUHH
npHHHMaioTcH
cTpaHax
Mem2Ay
6aHKaMH.
cnoco6CTBybOnjHe
Mepbl,
6aHXNK CTapaioTca 3aXBaTHTb CaMbiX Ayq'HHX KAHeHTOB. CyuIJeCTBYIOI_4He 6aHKH Hy2KAalOTCR B COBeplCHCTBOBaHHH cBoe
B
AeSrreAbHOCTH,
pe3yAbTaTe
3THX
qTo6bi yAep2KaTb AyqlUIHX KAHeHTOB H
H3MeHeHHH
H
cTpaTerHH,
pa3pa6aTblBaloT
6oAee
cTpaTerHH,
BnepBble,
MomeT,
ApyrHMH
6aHKaMH.
YPOBHH
6bITb
HOBble
Tpe6oBaHHH,
HaBbIKOB,
BCAeACTBHe
noApo6HbIe, CTapaACb
CTpaTerHH,
BCe
-
3Ha'NTeAbHo
Toro,
qTo6bi
HaHTH
B
HOBblX
pelflHTb
npHo6pecTH HOBbIX.
(paKTOpOB
cnoco6bl
HAH
6aHKH
Ha
MeHsI1O'r
KOHKpeTHbiN
BbIMHTb
B
3HaqNTeAbHO KyAbTypbl,
CBOH
6N3Hec
KOHKypeHUHH
onepagHH,
COAep2KaHHH
BbICOKON npOHSBOACTBeHHOH
CBH3aHo C Heo6xoAHMocTbIO nepeMeileHHS
q4A5
ApyrHx
opHeHTHpoBaHHble
H3MeHeHHH
Tpe6yeT
STO
6oAee
HoBble
C
nOBbiii1eHHe
yCOBepmleHCTBOBaHHbIX H,
BO MHorHX cAyqaRx,
nepcoHaAa BHyTpH 6aHxa.
aTH npo6AeMbl
ynpaBAeHHH 'ieAOBeqeCKHMH pecypcaM HymHo 6OAbIllHHCTBe pa3BHBalOlJHXCH CTpaH He CyJgeCTByeT IIIHPOKHX HAH rAy6oKHX PblHKOB
BpeMH.
B
TpyAa,
rAe
nOKPbIT
BO3HHKaioIIHA
3a
cieT
H3blCKHBaTb HoBble
Aeq)HUHT
Ha6opa
HyTH peiueHNH5 CnegHaAHCTbl
HOBbIX
nO
HCnOAb3OBaTb
BbICOKHH
YPOBeHb
ayAHTopcKHX
H
PYKOBOAHTeAH
yMeAo
CreHCHaAHCTbI
3aHHMaiou1HecCH
4eHHbIMH OTAeAbHbIX
y"pemAeHHHX
qacTo
HlOaTOMY
HMeKO11He
KAHeHTaMH,
yMcioJjHe
6oAee
6aHKOBCKHX
cnegHaAHCTOB.
KpeAHTaM,
ayAHTOpbJ,
HHmeHepbi
OCHOBHblX
6
MOr
6biBaeT
bl
6blTb
Heo6xoAHMo
BHYTpH 6aHKa.
o6paugeHHH c KOpnOpaTHBHb1MH
noApa3AeAeHHt
B
H
AAH
ayAHTa
BeCTH
KoMnbioTepaM,
6yMaraMH, HanpaBAeHHH
ypOBeHb
KOMnbiOTepHyiO
KoTopbIe
HaBbIKOB,
npaBHAbHO
no
HOBbIN
3HaHHH
H
HaBbIKOB
HMelo1 He .3HaHHH B o6AacTH MapKeTHHra, TeXHHKY
MOFyT
pa6OTy
B
cnegHaAHCTbi 6aHKoBcKoro
no
-
Bce
6OAee
PYKOBOAHTeAIO
noApa3AeAeHHH,
aTH
HOBbie
leAoM
nOCPeAHHKH
CTpaTerHqeCKoMy
6H.3Heca,
B
nOMOqb
cBOeM
AOnOAHHTeAbHbie
H
B
H
HOBble
TOprOBUbI,
nAaHHpOBaHHIO, cneglHaAHCTbi,
H
MHorHe ApyrHe, AOAMHbl rOTOBHTbCq B caMoM 6aHKe. FIOCKOAbKy
Ha
3a6AaroBpeMeHHo, cnegHaAHCTaM, 'rTo6bi rOAy
TaK qTo6bl
nOAyqHTb BHe3anHO
nOArOTOBKy KaKHMH
3a
BO3HHKHeT
nOCAeAHHe KaK
6yAyT MOMHO
'eM
roAbl
HOBaH
nepcoHaAa
nOTpe6HOCTH
YXOAHT
6aHKa
6blAo 3anAaHHpOBaTb
rapaHTHpoBaHHblH
HOBbie o6cT0weTAbcTBa,
CTpaHaX,
TaKorO
pe3yAbTaT
B
nOTpe6HOCTb,
B
He
AeT,
o6AaCTH
uiarHH,
6yAyWeM. 6aHK
MHOrO
Heo6xOAHMO
Tpe6OBaHHX
UpeAnpHHHTb
ECAH me cmomeT
K
3HaTb CBOHM
HX HeMeAACHHO,
B Aio6oM
onepaTHBHO
cAeAyligeM OTBeTHTb
Ha
6bl OHH HH 6blAH Bbl3BaHbl.
3aAaqa
BHySpeHHero
npoMbiiuAeHHo-pa3BHTbIx,
TaK
pa3BHTHff CTaAa H
176
6oAee TpyAHOH.
pa3BHBaMOUHXC3l,
Bo
FOCYAaPCTBeHHaB
MHOrHX CHCreMa
Cowramnme weAoyevecxoro
B
UeAOM,
pa.3BHBa[OqIHXCH
B HeKOTOpblX
oAHaKo,
KOTOpOe
AeAa,
6aHKoBcKoro
o6AacTH
B
MemAy ypoBHeM
Tpe6yioU;HMcH AAA nOCTynAeHHq Ha pa6oTy, BO BCfKOM
3HaHHU BbinyCKHHKOB IDKOA H ypOBHeM,
cAyqae
pacTeT pa3pblB
CTpaHaX
6aNKa
pa3BHTHn aKOHOMHKH
eAOM, KameTcH cnpaBAHeTcH c 6oAee 6bICTpbIM TeMnOM
a o6pa3oBaHHR B
KaowMaTa
Bce
npH6AHmaeTcfl
6oAee
MHpOBbIM
K
O me MO0HO CKaBaTb H 0 HeKOTOpbIX o6AacTHx BbICOKHX TexHoAorHH.
CTaHTapTam
rpCHMyujeCTBOM
CyH_eCTBeHHblM
B HHX npaKTHKa HaHMa Ha pa6oTy
cyU_eCTBy1OUMaA
HBAHeTcH
CTpaH
pa3BHBailo_HXCH
MHOrHX
AAH
OT KOAbi6eAH AO MorHAbI". BaHKH MHorHx
HaqaAbHbIH, HH33KH ypoBeHb. pa3BHBa01.OUHXCH CTpaH Ha6HpaloT pa6oTHHKoB TOAbKO Ha caMbIu eAOBeK OCTaHeTCH B 6aHKe BCao cBolo mH3Hb, i CqHTaeTca, '9TO aTOT npHHHTbliH MOAOAOH 3 nPOABHHeTCR no CAy2Ke6HOH AeCTHHie H T.A. B OAbUIHHCTBO
npiOHieT
3AeCb
o6y'eHHe,
t
TOHi me TO KH 3peHHH.
cAy2KaJgHx npHAepmaBaeTcH
B
TarHX YCAOBHHX 6aHKH MOryT
CHOKOHHO
corAacyq HX CO CBOHMH H yBepeHHo nAaHHPOBaTb 6yAyiMee paSBHTHe meAOBe'eCKHX pecypcoB, 9
nOTpe6HOcTIMH.
CBOHX
B
6aHKoB
HHBeCTHlHH
MOTHBHpOBaHHOCTb
nOBblluaeT
To
pa6oTHHKOBa. OTAeAbHbie
B
pa6OTHHKH
1
TaK
raK
me
6aHK
KOHeqHO,
HH OAHO H3
HO BTOT BonpOC Tpe6yeT OTACAbHoro o6cymAeHHH.
a6COAIOTHblM,
onpeAeAHeT
MOTHBaUHH
CTeneHb
BbICOKYIO
HMelOT
me
B 6aHKe B HHTepeCaX 6aHKa.
Y'qHTbC.9 H pa3BHBaTbCH KaK CneH,HaAHCTbI BTHX yCAOBHU He HBAHCeTC
TaK
T0 HO
6aHKe
H
pemiaeT
'ieAoBeIeCKlHX pecypcax? Heo6xOAHMO BblnOAHeHHe
npo6AeMy
6
nOTpe6HOcTeA
MeHM1OgHXCcH
muaroB: IepcOHaAa.
B 6aHKe
*
PaUHoHaAH3HpOEaTb YPOBCHb cyuIIeCTByiouerO
*
YCTaHOBHTb rOpH3oHT nAaHHpOBaHHH.
*
CnpOrHo3HpOBaTb npe<AomeHHe COTpyAHHKOB.
*
CnporHo3HpOBaTb cnpOC Ha nepCoHaA.
*
OnpeAeAHTb nfloBAH10l_qHecq H36blTOK H HeXBaTKy nepcOHaAa. COCTaBHTb onpeAeAeHHbie nAaHbI no npeoAOAeHH1O Ae(pHUHTa H H36blTKa.
*
B
pa3BHTHR PagHOHaAHS3pOBaTbypOBeHb cyLecTErylOlgero B 6aHxe nepcoHaAa. IHAaHHPOBaHHe /XOTSR 6bl Ha nepCOHaAa 3Ha'HTeAbHO o6Aer'aeTCR, eCAH 6aHK OCyuIeCTBHA palHOHaAH3aH10 3 KaK aHaAH3HpOBaTb, To rioB3BoAeT 6aHKy 6yMare/ YPOBH3 CBOHX CerOAHHIIUHHX pa6OTHHKOB. 6yAyT OTpamaTbCR 6yAeT H3MeH3TbCq ero 6H3Hec B npCACTOHU4He rOAbI, H KaK aTH H3MeHeHHR
Ha Heo6xOAHMOCTH
MeHHTb xapaKTepHCTHKH
pa6oTHHKoB 6aHKa.
B
Tex
KorAa
me cAyxiaRx,
YPOBeHb He paUHOHaAH3HpoBaH, Heo6xOAHMo nOCTynaTb cOrAacHO HHCTpYKXHH. YCTaHOBHrb ropNSOIoT I7AaHHpOBaHH%Z.
C
camoro
HaqaAa
aToro
npo ecca
YCTaHOBHTb, Ha KaKoe KOAH-IeCTBO AeT 6yAeT npOBeAeHO nAaHHpOBaHHC. AeT
aHaAH3HpyeTCSI BpeMeHHOM
peAKo,
OTpe3Ke.
eCAH
ECAH
6oAee 7
IlepHOA, oxBaTbIBsaio0H
06bl-IHo HeMeAecoo6paseH,
TOAbKO
y
HMeeT
6aHK
y'ipe2KAeHHH
HeT
AeT,
KOHKpeTHOrO
CTpaTerH'ieCKHUi nHfTHAeTHHH
Heo6xoAHMo
HepHOA MeHee Tpex HenpaBAorxoAo6eH HHTepeCa
nAaH cBoero
B
H
BTOM
pa3BHTrH,
ECAH me MeAecoo6pa3Ho pa3pa6oTaTb rRTHAeTHHHrnAaH pa3BHTHR qeAOBe'ecKHx pecypcOB. MomeT nAaHa B 6aHKe HeT, TorAa nHTHAeTHHA nAaH pa3BHTHH -IeAoBe4eCKHX pecypCOB TaKoro
OKa3aTbC5I
CAHIIKOM
oXBaTbiBaeT CpOK OT
rHnOTeTH'IHbIM.
3 Ao 5
AeT.
CBOH UeAH H 3MaA'H Ha nepHOA,
HAaHHPOBaHHe
'ieAOBeqeCKHX
MHorHe pyKoBoAHTeAH
6aHKoB 3aTpyAHsfloTcR
OTCTOHBUHH Aame Ha ABa roAa.
177
pecypCOB
Fo
qaLge
Bcero
oripeAeAHTb
Mepe HaKOnAeHHH onbiTa
YirpeuAeHa'e pyoKoOacrBa o 6yAyT COBDepueHCTBOBaTbCR
i7oAwnIeIoe q.pwcT
Axiepememax
re3N AbIfocN
H HX HaBbJKH nAaHHpOBaHHR.
HailIei AHCKYCCHH OnpeAeAHM
4AR
Hauly nepCneKTHBY flSTblO rOAaMH.
CuporaOSgpoBamb KaK
6yAeT
gpe4 O
eCTeCTBeHHO
Ha
A!HHCe e coTpy,4HHxoB. pa3BHBaTbCH
TpyAOBOH
CTTaAH
aTOH
Heo6XoAHMO
6e3
KOAAeKTHB
BHelllHHX
OnpeAeAHTb,
nocTynAeHHM:
Heo6xOAHMO
y'eCTb ecTeCTBeHHoe yMeHb11IeHHe KOAH'eCTBa pa6OTHHKOB no BceMy 6aHKy, no KamAoMy noApa3AeAeHHIO B P3eyAbTaTe HaMepeHHoro HAH HeBOAbHOro npeKpaigeHUH pa6oTbi, YXOAa Ha neHcHIo, qaKTOpOB,
HHBaAHAHOCTH
KOTOpb1e
pa6OTHHKoM
6aHKa
eCTeCTBeHHOrO
Bbl3blBalOT
B
Bo
HeO6XOAHMOCTb
/B
6yAyqMeM.
oTceBa /.
H HeTpyAOcnOCO6HOcTH,
CMepTH
paCTOpmeHHH
HeKOTOPbIX CTpaHaX aTOT
MHOrHX 6aHKax
HAH
KaKHx-AH6o
OTHOUeHHi
npHeM
npOTA2tfeHHH
npeACTOMIHX
nHRTH
ACT
C
ApyrHx
CerOAHSIHHM
HOCHT Ha3BaHHe
aHaAH3
OTCAe2KHBaioTcH HcTopHqecKH.
aTH AaHHb1C
MOryT HCnOAb3OBaTb AaHHble 3a npOwIAbIe nepHOAbI AAA npOrHO3HpOBaHHR Ha
C
nOripaBKaMH
HeKOTOpbiMH
TeHAeHUHRM AH6o B MacmITa6c Bcero 6aHKa, AH6o no nOApa3AeAeHHHM.
OHM
6yAyu4Hx siBAeHHU K
HCTOpH'IeCKHM
KOHeCIHO, TOqHee Bcero
Mo2KHO rIpeACKaSaTb YxOA Ha neHCHIO, TaK KaK a 6aHKe eCTb AaHHbie no BO3paCTHbiM rpynnam H H3BeCTHa o6bri-HaH TpaAHUH. yxoAa pa6oTHHKoB Ha neHcHio.
BaHKaM,
KoTopbie He co6HpaAH AO HacTOHlierO
BTO AeAaTb.
4AA
5
npeAcTos.RuHe CHAbi,
ceroAHH
[1AaHHpOBaHHH 'eAOBeqeCKHX
pa6oTaloueii
Meme y noApa3AeAeHHAMH. ynpaBAeHHH OTAeAeHHH
5
ACT 6aHK nOTepaeT,cKameM, B 6aHKe.
HanpaMep,
6aHKa
momeT
6aHKa.
BaHKH
6
blTb
B
BpcMeHH BTHX AaHHbIX, npHAeTCH HaqaTb
peCypcOB Cyu4eCTBeHHO
18
HAH
BamHo SHaTb,
HAH
KarK
BaMHO SHaTb,
YITO B
30 npogeHToB cBoeii pa6o'efi
aTa
6
gHq)pa
yAeT pacnpeAeAeHa
yxoA Ha neHCHIO H3 KoMnbioTepHoro oTAeAa FAaBHorO
60Aee
MHOrOIHCAeHHbiM,
pa3BHBaaioigHxcA
CTpaHaX
KOAHYeCTBO AHU, KoTopbic y)HAyT Ha neHCHIO, 'eM
'eM
TO
me caMoe B ceAbcKoM
B
BeAOM
6yAyT
HMeTb
meHbllee
B pa3BHTbIX, XOTHI caMH 6aHKHpbl 3aqacTyio
YAMBARIOTCI TOMy, KaK BbICOK npOUeHT BblXOAa Ha neHCHIO B HX 6aHKe, KOTOpblH HaXOAHTCq B pa3BHBa}o0jeHcR CTpaHe. loCKOAbKy
nAaHHPOBaHHe
pa6otiefi CHAbl HaH6OAee 8(4XpeKTHBHO HaYHHaTb C YPOBHM H nepeABHraTbCR BBepX, Ha YPOBeHb Bcero 6aHKa, TO H nporHo3 H3MeHeHHH B COCTaBe pa6oTHHKoB AOAmeH 6blTb npoH3BeAeH Ha ypoBHe noApa3AeAeHHA. HanpHMep, MomHo noApa3AeAeHHR
npHHRTb
TaKOH
nOpRAOK:
KamAoe
OTAeA B rAaBHOM ynpaBAeHHH.
cBoero
noApaSAeAeHHR,
noApasAeAeHHHMH npe=oAo2KeHHR
B
OTAeAeHHC,
cnegHI)HKY
6aHKe
B
OTHOCHTeAbHo
KamAoe
PYKOBOAHTeAH H
UeAoM.
6yAyWHx
perHOHaAbHOe
noApa3AeAeHHH
CTeneHb OHH
aHaAOrHH me
Ay)Iue HAH
yBepeHHee
H3MeHeHHH,
ynpaBAeHHe,
KamAbli
scex
HCTOpHIO
SHalOT
paSAHMHR
ApyrHx
HacKOAbKO,
no
HX
C
ApyrHMH
MoryT
cAeAaTb
MeHMHoH,
BTO
pa3ofiAeTCR C nAaHOBbIMH nOKa3aTeARMH. rIOAeaHO
rpa(PHKa,
OTpasHTb pe3yAbTaT BTOH CTaAHH pa6oTbl
B KOTOpOM BepTHKaAbHO nepeqHCARIOTCE
nAaHHpyeMoro
nepHOAa.
B
KamAoH
'fepes COCTaBAeHHe roAosoro ceTeBoro
Bce AOAMHOCTH,
nepeCeYieHHH
KAeTKe
a ropH3OHTaAbHO
BTHx napameTpoB
- rOAbl
PYKOBOAHTeAb
MomeT 3anHCaTb npeAnoAaraemoe KOAHMeCTBO pa6oTHHKOB B aToM rOAy. 3AeCb Mbl HaMepeHHO HcKAioqaeM AeHcTBHM,
KoTopbie 06bl'HO npeAnpHHHMaioTCE,
'To6bi
c6aAaHcHpOsaTb InOTepH OT yXOAa pa6oTHHKOB Ha neHCHIO, a HMeHHO: o6yqeHHe, npoABHm2KeHHe, nepeBoAbl
H
Ha6op
HOBbIX
cneUHaAHCTOB.
IIOTOMy
178
'TO
Mbl
XOTHM
noAo4TH
K
o6teMaM
Co4AiaHme qeAoreqecxoro KianNTaAa 6aHwa
mepe3
o6yCeHHH
npeAnoAaraemoro
AOA2KHO
KoAH'eCTBO AoAeCH
npoiecc
KaKoe
6blTb o6yqeHo,
XOTHM
nAaHHPOBaHHH,
KaKoe
onpeAeAHTb,
KaKHe
no cAym6e H T.A.,
- nPOABHHyTo
Ha npoTR2KeHHH AeHCTBHR MoryT Cq)OPMHPOBaTb HAH H3MeHHTb xapaKTep TPYAOBoro KOAAeKTHBa
aToro nepHoAa.
CnporosHpoBarb capoc Ha yepcoHa2. OCHOBHOH
KoAHweCTBC
pa6OTHHKOB
nepHoAa.
nAaHHpyeMoro
nporHO3HO
noTpe6HocTb
OIeHHTb
ApyrHX OTAeAOB, CCTH OTAeAeHHH, OnepaTHBHblH inAaH camoro AaHHOrO aBTOMaTH3aUHH
pa6oTbi 6aHKa, nAaH nOBblweHHA rpOH3BOAHTeAbHOCTH, npOAYKIHH
HOBOH
BHeAPCHHH
nAaHbI
HOBbIX
H
a
ycAyr,
KPeAHTHoro
nAaHbI
onepaTHBHble
nAaH 6aHKa,
HCTO4HHKOB:
HeCKOAbKO
Ha
OnHpaHCb
pa6oTHHKax,
B
6aHKa, onepaTHBHblH
lnAaH
CTpaTerHlIeCKHH
TH nporHO3bI ToŽKe cHatIaAa ACAaKITCH Ha YPOBHe nOApa3AeAeHHH, nOApa3AeAeHHH MoryT o6iMe-6aHKoBcKHii ypoBeHb. PyrOBOAHTeAH
Ha
nepeHOCHTCH
3aTeM
roA
Ka2KAblH
Ha
B 6aHKe, B Ka2KAoM nOApa3Ae.AeHHH
6blTb
AOA2KHO 9
CneCgHaAbHOCTH
CKOAbKO 'IeAOBeK
onpe4eAHTb,
nepHoA. HymHO
Ha 3anAaHHpOBaHHbliH
B
noTpe6HOcTH
pa3BHTHH
onpeAeAeHHe
3;ecb -a4aAe HBAHeTCH
npoiecca.
Ka2mAOH
HaH6OAeC Bam2HaHl H HaH6oAee TpYAHaR CTaAHR
aTO
nAaHbl,
TeHACHgHH
HCTOpH'eCKHe
TaK2Ke
nAaH
nOApa3AeAeHHH, MapKeTHHrOBbic
H
H
CBOHX KAHeHToB H nOHHMaHHe AaHHbIM nOAPa3AeAeHHeM cBoeH CyAb6bl H pOAH B 2KH3HH 6aHKa,
cBoero 6yAyujero pa3BHTHH. HcnoAb3yH aTH H ApyrHe pecypcbl,
H yCAyrH ero OTAeAa H3MeHHTCH
CnPOC Ha npOAy4lKHIO
HAH yMeHbllleHHC
yBeAH'IeHHe
o6beM
Aeno3HTHbIX onepagHH,
HAH
3a nOCAeAYlOIHH nAaHHpyeMbIH nepHOA
pa3AHqHbie
MO2KCT
HanpHMep, HAH
npOAyKTOB
THrna
HcnOAb3ylOIBHX
KAHeHToB,
xHCAO
oTAeAeHHeM,
o6beMa
KaK
rIOApa3AeAeHHH cHa4aAa OMeHHBaeT,
oTAeAeHHSI,
PyrOBOAHTeAb
yBeAHqHTCH/.
HAH
/yMeHbUIHTCH
PYKOBOAHTCAb
yCAyr,
npoAyKTb!
npeABHAeTb
HAH
o
ycAyrH,
6
beM
KAHpHHra,
o61beM 'eKoBoro
H xapaKTep KPCAHTHbIX onepagHH,
ero
nOCTaBAHeMbiX
Ha TJMaTeAbHO o6beM nepeBOAOB CyMM H T.A.. HCXOAH H3 HCTOPH'ecKoH TeHAeHUHH, onHpaHfCb MOryT CAeAaTb npoAyMaHHbli onepaTHBHbliH nAaH H noHHMaHHe cBoero pbIHKa, PYKOBOAHTeAH 4OCTaTOqHO
/c 0 nporHO3
HaAe2KHbli
1 T0 KH 3peHHH noTpe6HocTH
OTHoCHTeAbHO
B pa6oTHHrax/
6OAbUIHHCTBa COCTaBAHio0jHX KOMnOHeHTOB CBOHX onepamHH. momeT
PYKOBOAHTeAb
3aTeM
OgeHHTb,
nonbITaTbCH
Ha
OTPa3HTCH
KaK
Heo xoAHMbix pa6OTHHKOB H3MeHeHHH B cnpoce Ha ero 6H3Hec. PyKoBoAHTeAH, 6
HHCTpyMeHTbi
caMble
H pa6omHx MeCT,
onTHMH3aiHH YPOBHH AOAmHOCTeH
HHCTpyMeHTbI
AAH
Harpy3KH
MomeT 6blTb
6yAyuMeA
Harpy3KH
HcnOAb3oBaH AAM
Ka2KAoro
CBoeH
OU,HKH
nporHO3HOH
pa6oTHHxa.
nporHo3a TaKHM
2Ke
MOryT HCnOAb3OBaTb Te 2me
nOTpe6HocTH
B pa6OTHHKax.
K pa6OTHHKaM,
Tpe6OBaHHH nOAe3HbiM
KOAHqeCTBe
HCnOAb3ylOgHe
MO2KCT
AHaAH3
HCXOAR
oKa3aTbCR
H3
aHaAH3
HCnOAb3OBaTb H COOTHOIIIeHHH B Bonpocax nporHo3a 6yAytMero cnpoca H noTpe6HOcTH. MomHo ApyrHe noKa3aTeAH Heo6xoAHMocTH AaHHoro pa6omero MeCTa H KoAHieCTBa Heo6xOAHMblx pa6omHx MeCT. HcnOAb3oBaHHe
KaK
KOAHIeCTBO
o6oHx HHCTpyMeHTOB
pa6oTHHKoB
6yAeT
BO3BpaIIaeT
COOTHeceHO
C
HaC
K Heo6xoAHMoCTH
o6beMOM
CHOBa OUeHHTb,
npeAnoAaraemoH
B
6yAyuJeM
COOTHOmIIeHHe Harpy3KH. MHoro paKTOpOB MOmeT nOBAHHTb Ha cerOAHquiHee HAH HCTOpH'eCCOe B BTOH o6AaCTH. Heo6XOAHMbIX
A
BTO MomeT Bbl3BaTb
pa6oTHHKOB
AAHJ
Heo6xoAHMoCTb
BbInOAHeHHH
yBeAHieHHIH
onpeAeAeHHoro
179
HAH yMeHblUeHHq
KOAHmeCTBa
eAHHHU
-IHCAa
pa6oTbl.
YKpe,zAezA
e pyKwoBOAcTBa
HanpHMep,
H3MeNeHHC
MeXaHH3aUHH
HAH
,AAs
npo4eAyp,
COBepflleHCTBOBaHHe
ApyrHe
aBTOMaTH3aUHH,
npOH3BOAHTeAbHOCTH HsMeHeHHH,
H i7osbrareoHNe q1DwCTHTeA.boCTcH
TpyAa, nOBbIlIIeHHe
h nepeMeHamf
HaBbIKOB,
(PaKTOpbI,
nOBblileHHe
cnoco6cTByIoWHe
YPOBHR
nOBbJl11eHHIO
KyAbTypbl TpyAa, CTpyKTYPHbie H opraHHsagHOHHbie
H3MeHeHHH B HOPMaTHBaX O6CAy2HBaHHH.
onpeAeAeHHH
HcnOAb3OBaH
nOTpe6HOCTeH
H MeTOA
B
KOAH'eCTBe
MoAeAHpOBaHHH.
IlyTeM
pa6oTHHKoB
yTOqHeHHR
B
6yAylgeM
MO2KeT
npOegHpOBaHHH
H
6blTb
MOAeAH
AAR
OnTHMH3aMHH YPOBHSI KoMneTeHTHOCTH HAH KOAH'IeCTBa pa6OTHHKOB. Pe3yAbTaToM
BTOH CTaAHH nAaHHPOBaHH;i noTpe6HOcTeH B KOAH'eCTBe pa6 OTHHKOB MOmeT CTaTb pa3pa6oTKa TaKoro me ceTeBoro rpa(pHKa, KaK yme o6cyŽiAaAocb Bbllle. CAeAyIo1HA mnar noTpe6yeT npHMOrO CpaBHeHHH cnpoca H npeAAO2KeHHR. 3Ha4HTeAbHO o6AermHT aHaAH3 Ha
BTOM
BTane
TOT
YTO
q1aKT,
H cnpOC H npeAAo?KeHHe BbilnOAHeHbl B OAHOM H TOM
qJopMaTe.
mKe
O0Ipe4eAeHJe Bo3MOwHoro 4eipHgHra HAH Hs6bflYa pa6oTmHKoB. 3 Ta CTaAH.I nAaHHpOBaHHH pa6onefi
CHAbi B OCHOBHOM HOCHT MeXaHHYeCKHH
3
xapaKTep.
AeCb 3aAaYa CBOAHTCH K TOMy,
9To6bi conoCTaBHTb AaHHbie nporHo3a cnpoca H npeAAomeHHH no roAaM, 'ITo6bi o6Hapy2KHTb PaCXmAeHHe npeAAo2KeHHH CO cnpocOM H onpeAeAHTb HeXBaTKy HAH H36blToK pa6oTHHKoB no Ka2AOMy
noApa3geAeHHIO.
yMeHbU1HTCR
HMeHHO
3AeCb
nporpaMMHCTOB
KOAHYeCTBO
PYKOBOAHTeAb
s
CMO2KeT
riepHOA
6yAyuMHii
H
yBHAeTb,
3a
KaK
HaCKOAbKO
aTO
2Ke
BpeMR BO3paCTeT cnpoc Ha 8TOT BHA yCAyr, B pe3yAbTaTe nero B AaHHOH KAeTKe rpaq)HKa o6pa3yeTcH pa3pblB,
rOBop.RJIHH
Ha-'aTbCA
yme
pyKOBoAHTeAH
cO eCTb
0
Heo6xOAHMOCTH
cAeAyiougero BpeMH
H
H3blCKHBaTb
roAa,
'TO
BO3MO2KHOCTb
H
O(OpMAeHHe
6yxraATepcKoro nepcoHaAa, 'eM
KpeAHTOB.
ero
noKpbITHH.
OTpa2KeHO
pewuaTb
PYKOBOAHTeAb MomeT 3aMeTHTb Bo3pacTaioiiyio npeAocTaBAeHHe
nyTH
6yAeT
Ha
Pa3pblB
BO3HHKajoIuy1o
npo6Aemy.
HeXBaTKY cAy2KmalJHx 6aHKa, KTo-To
Mo2KeT
MomKeT
noBTOMY
rpaqIHKe,
y
Apyrofi
OTBeYialOIIHX
-3a
o6Hapy2iHTb
H36blToK
nocKOAbKy nOTpe 6 HOcTb B BTHX nO3H4HHx coKpanaeTcs
6bIcTpee,
erje
eCTeCTBeHHoe y6biBaHHe KOAH'eCTBa pa6oTHHKoB B AaHHOM nOApasAeAeHHH. CeTeBoe
nAaHHHPOBaHHe
PYKOBOAHTeARMH
MomeT
6blTb
noTpe6HocTH
nOApa3AeAeHHH
HCnOAb3OBaHo
B
pa6OTHHKax
no
roAaM,
HCnOAb3yeMoe
AAH OgeHKH nporHo3a cnpoca H npeAAo2KeHHA pa6OTHHKOB,
AAR onpeAeAeHHH
AOA2KHOCTeH B KamAbIH roA nAaHHpyemoro
AecPH!HTa
H
nepHoAa.
H
Hs6bITKa
Ha
B CaMoM AeAe. TO
Ka2KAOM
YTO
YPOBHe
PYKOBOAHTeAH
6aHKa H COTpyAHHKH OTAeAa KaApOB COBMeCTHO npocmaTpHBalOT H aHaAH3HPY1OT aTH OTqeTbI, OTpam2aIOlHCe cnpoc, npeAAomeHHe, H36bITOK H HeAoCTaTOK CYeCCTBeHHO o6Aer'aeT npOBeAeHHe
aHaAH3a.
/npeAAo2KeHH.R/, nOAo2KeHHbIX
pRAOM
nAaHHpOBaHHeM
HcnOAb3oBaHHe
noTpe6HocTH
/cnpoca/
Apyr c ApyroM,
IeAOBeYeCKHX
TpeX H
Mo2KeT
pecypcOB
TaKHX
CeTeBblX
Ae(pHgHTa
cyCeCTBeHHO
6aHKa,
HAH
rpacpHKOB:
HeAoCTaTKa
o6AeIMHTb
COBeplueHCTBYR
HaAHYHR
pa6OTHHKoB,
pa6oTy,
BO3MO2KHOCTH
CBH3aHHYIO AAR
C
aHaAH3a
CHTyaUHH.
COCTaBAeHNe KOHKoeiwhrX )1AaNOB ilp9Ow4OAeHHH I1AaHHPOBaHHR AOA2KHbI
noTpe6HOcTH B pa6o0eHi
o6ecne'nrTb
6aHK
Hy2KHbIM
KOAHIeCTBOM
o6ecneYIeHHe 6aAaHca B YCAOBHHX nepeMeH. pa3pa6oTKy
MeponpHHTHH
AAH
eePgHTa H Hs6hi7Ja.
IOCKOAbKy
cHAe RBAHeTCH nAaHHPOBaHHe MeponpHHITHH,
IOKpbITHH
pa6oTHHKoB
rHOCAeAHHii AeCHgHTa
180
mar BToro
pa6oTHHKoB
Hy2KHOH
KOTOpble
KBaAHWJHKalMH,
npouecca H
UeAbiO
pemeeHIH
npeAnoAaraeT
Bonpoca
C
Co.mairme 'leAoBe'wecftoro ramnoa.a 6asra KBaAHqpHKaUHH,
onpeAeAeHHOH
pa6oTHHKoB
U36blTKOM
He2eAaTeAbHbIX
iT06bI
H36emaTb
HMeTb
CTpyRTypHbiH
mBAeHHH.
Ae4PHUHT
CTpyKTypHbIH 6aHKy.
npeAOTBpaigeHHH
HexBaTKH
CTaAKHBaioJIHHC.R
C
A0A2KeH
B OCHOBHOM
HMelOlgHH
6aHK,
KOAHUeCTBa
Ha COKpauIjeHHe
HanpaBAeHHbie
MeponpHHTHR,
rLAaHHPOBaTb
ceiiuac
B pa3y 3aMeAAeHHH poCTa,
pa6oTHHKaMH H BcTynalogH1
ceiiHac H36bITO'Hyto o6ecneMeHHocTb
A
nepcoHaAa.
HeAoyKoMnAeKToBaHHOCTH
npo6AeMaMH
HanpaBAeHHH 6aHK,
pacTynUHi
6blCTpO
BTo
eCAH
pa6oTHHKoB,
OT 6aHKa K
B
CKOHMeHTpHPOBaHbl
6yAyT
H
H36blTOK
6yAeT MeHSTbCH
KapTHHa
KoHKpeTHaS1 6aHKa
OAHOrO
AeicTBH.R
HanpHMep,
Ho
pa6OTHHKOB.
6yAeT
6aHKoB
6OAbUIHHCTBo
rOBOpq,
HlpaKTHmeCKH
pa6OTHHKOBB.
H0
OTAeAbHOe
OAHO
MeponlpHRTHe
cMo2KeT
He
HAH
H36blTa
npo6AeMbi
pa3pewrb
heAyio cepHIO mepOnPHHTHH HeAoCTaTKa pa6oTHHRoB B ype2KAeHHH: Heo6xOAHMO riAaHHPOBaTb 6aHK 6yAeT pIH BTOM KamAbiH Ha HeCCOAbKO AeT, qT06bi peLuHTb aTy npo6AeMy. MeponpHsrTHH. PaCCMaTPHBaTb CBOH KOHKpeTHb1e npHopHTeTbI npH Bbi6ope
HanpHMep, npHrkamlaTb
6 ripe2Ke meM OCBO OAHTbCR OT H3AHIUHHX
Apyroi
6aHKoB,
HeCOMHeHHO,
6OAb,IIHHCTBo
BbICBo6oAHBimi4xcH
pa6oTHHKoB
6aHKa,
BHyTpH
A yCHAHH
MaKCHMYM
npHAO2KHT
BaKaHCHH, HgeHH
PA3Mae
AH
H
mepe Tex, Koro MO2KHO 6yAeT
KpaHiHeH
no
KaTeropHH
o6pa3OBaBlHxc5CH
KhaTerOpHH AH 3anOAHCeHUH
HeAOCTaiol0HX
OAHOH
pa6oTHHKoB
o6yirnb, H TeM caMbIM pellHTb npo6AeMy AeqHUHTa.
06pa3ypoWHiCH AepHUHT MomKeT 6blTb HacbiUeH HecKOAbKHMH cnoco6aMH: *
BNyTpeHHNfe nepeo.a4r. FepeBoA AHI Te,
rAe ouiAyigaeTca
HX Ae(pHUHT,
C Tex MeCT, rAe eCTb Hs6blTOK cnegHaAHCTOB, B
06 bIqHo
HAH
noCAe o6yqeHiH
npoHCXOAHT
nOCAe
CBH3aHHbie c noAyMeHMH yBepeHHocTH, qTO OHH MoryT ,bITb o6y'eHbl HOBbIM HaBbiKaM. nOTpe6oBaTb npoH3BOACTBeHHbie H COUHaAbHbie 3aTpaTbI /nepeBoAbl MOryT BTHM
nepee3Aa
pa6oTHHKa/
o6cTo.ITeAbcTBoM.
A0
orpaHH'iHBaioIAHM
pa6oTHHKH npeACTaBAHIOT co6oi0
AHIUHHCe
BoAee TOrO, eCAH BCe
HBAHIOTCH
CTeneHH
onpeAeAeHHOH
oijqyulaeTc5i B o6AaCTH AHU C HeBbICoKHM YPOBHeM cneflHaAbHb1X HaBbIKOB, a HeXBaTKa Mo2eT 6blTb pelileHHeM BbICOKoCnegaUAH3HPOBaHbIX pa6oTHHKoB, aTa aAbTepHaTHBa
OAHoro-AByx
KOHKpeTHbIX
CAyqaeB,
TumaTeAbHas
O,eHKa YPOBHS
3HaHHU
BpeMH HeBbiCOKCe AOA2KHOCTH Mome'T
npHBeCTH
K
TeM
H
ee
MeHee,
He
Hcnpo6OBaTb.
H cnoco6HocTeii AHU, 3aHHMaioUHX B HacTofiu4ee
TaAaHTa,
Bb1HBAeHH1O
pa6oTHHKa,
KBaAHq3HKagHeH
, conpKSDeHHbie C HH3KOH
HeoKHAaHHOMY
CAeAyeT
BpeMR
KOTOporO
npHULAO
TOAbKO cerOAHH.
*
IHpo4BHweHNe no AHIIHHMH
Ha
c4y>fw6e.
CBOeM YPOBHe
HeKoTopble B CBOeM
nloApasAeAeHHH,
cAeAy1oHiiHH, 6oAee BbICOKHii AOA2KHOCTHO
OTAeAeHHH AAH peHueHH KBaAH4HKajHio
*
AAA
npo6AeMbi fl HOBoro
pa6OTHHKH,
KOTOpb1e
MoryT
MOryT
OKa3aTbCH
nPOABHHYTbl
6blTb
Ha
ypoBeHb B TOM me caMoM HAH B COCeAHeM
A4eHUHTa. OHH MOryT HMeTb COOTBeTCTBYIOYIlO MecTa
MOryT
HAH
npOHTH
Heo6xoAHMoe
o6yqeHHe/noAroToBKy/ AAR noAy-ieHHB COOTBeTCTBylOigeH KBaAHqrHKaUHH. AeqHUHTa O6y-,CHHC H mo4romOBma. HOCXOAbKy oCHoBHble cAyL1aH BCKpb1THH
H36bITKa pa6oTHHKOB npHAyrCR Ha rOAbi
181
2,3,4
H
5
nAaHHpyeMoro
HAH
nepHoAa, HMeeTCH
YJrpenAzewe pyJxoBroca N ooAwzeimNe 'IrcTrIJITeChAocTwN h IepeMeram AOCTaToqHo
BpeMeHH
AAM pa3pa6OTKH nporpamm o6yqeHHA H nIOArOTOBKH H cBOeBpeMeHHOH peaAH3a1UHH BTHX MepOnpHrTHi. 3 To nepcneKTHBa AOArOBpeMeHHaR, H AHUa, KOTOpbie OKxaB2yTCM B nOAO2KeHHH AHIUHHX pa6OTHHKOB MoryT 3apaHee nOAy4HTb Heo6xOAHMoe o6y"eHHe H 6blTb cBoeBpeMeHHO nepeBeAeHbl HAH npOABHHyTbl Ha cBo6oAHoe MeCTO. 3 To H eCTb noKa3aTeAb xopomero nAaHHpOBaHHM B ynpaBAeHHH 'eAOBeqeCKHMH
peCypCaMH.
J7OHIeHHe B,4oAwHOCTH. HeKOTopbie pa6oTHHKH, KOTOpbie MOryT OKasaTbCM B 'iHCAe AHUIHHX Ha py)KOBOAHRUHX AOA2IHOCTqX, MoryT 6blTb nepeBeAeHbl Ha ApyrHe AOA2KHOCTH C nOHHKeHHeM, eCAH TaM 6yAeT CyigeCTBOBaTb BaKaHCHM. TaKoe AeHCTBHe BcerAa He2KeAaTeAbHO, HO Bce me OHO MomeT oKa3aTbCM npeAnO'qTHTeAbHee nOAHOrO
*
K
YBOAbHeHHSI c pa6oTbl.
me
6
yAyiqeM BcerAa CyujieCTByeT BOSMOmHOCTb nepeBeAeHHM pa6oTHHKa Ha ero npemHIoIo AOA2HOCTb HAH Ha ApyryIo, 6oAee BblCOKOrO ypOBHR.
*
Ha6op HOBbIX
TOMY
B
pa6o0HH.KoB Co CroqpOHbI.
HAH nomeAaeT o6paTHTbci 3anOAHeHHM
B
K BHelIIHHM
KaKoH-TO
MOMeHT 6aHK 6yAeT BbiHymAeH
HCTOqHHKaM nOIOAHeHHR
pa6oqeii CHAbl AAA To o6blqHoe HBAeHHe B TaKHX o6AacTAX KaK TeXHHKa H B HeKOTOPbIX BHAaX KaccoBoro o6cAymHBaHHs, B o6AacTH 3
Cy1geCTBYJOJgHX BaKaHCHH.
KOMnblOTepHaPH npeAOCTaBAeHHR
KpeAHTOB, T.e. TaM, rAe AAM npHo6peTeHHH COOTBeTCTBYIOlgHX HaBbJKOB Tpe6yeMoro YPOBHM Heo6XOAHMO 3HaqHTeAbHoe BpeMH, a BO3MO2HHOCTH TaKoH nOArOTOBKH B 6aHKe OTCyTCTBYIOT. KoHeqHO, npHrAam11eHHe pa6OTHHKa CO CTOpOHbl BO33MOmHO H B ApyrfHX CAyqaHX. HeKoTopbie 6aHKH AOAmHbX 6yAyr npeoAoAeTb cBoe HemeAaHHe npHrAalluaTb
Ha pa6oTy CO CTOPOHbI
ypoBHR, B oco6eHHocTH,
Ha AOA2KHOCTH
KorAa HM npHAeTCq 3anOAHRTb
OHH TaKme MoryT CTOAKHyTbcM
c npo6AeMofi
BbJlIle onpeAeAeHHOro
BaKaHCHH
pa3pa6OTKH oco6o
BbicoKoro ypOBHR. AbrOTHblX yCAoBHH
AAR npHBAeCeHH0 BbICOKOrO YPOBHR CnflHaAHCTOB.
Bo3HHKaWOUHii BblIM1CONHCaHHbie nepeMeUeHHu
H36blToK MexaHHSMbJ,
, nOPOTOBKA
HCnOAb3OBaHO
H
Bo3HHKOUJHe
BCAeACTBHe
CHTya3HIo,
TaM,
KOTOPYJO
HCnOAb3OBaTb
TaK
6
Mo2KeT
blTb
yperyAHPOBaH
KaK
4iepe3
K HHM OTHOCATCA BHyTpeHHHe npOABHmeHHe, nOHH2KeHHe B AOAmHOCTH MomeT 6blTb BaKaHCHH a TaKme AAA TOrO, xITo 6 bi pellHTb CH'ryaUHH, H ApyrHMH
cnoco6aMH.
H 06y'eHHe,
rAe
eCTb
o6pa3oBaHHR
MO0HO
CAeAy)IOUHe
pa6OTHHKOB
AeqpHUHTa
xapaKTepH3OBaTb
MeponpHMTHM.
B
Ho
pa6OTHHKoB.
KaK
"qHCTO
Ka2AOM
6aHKe
eCAH
6aHK
H36blTO'iyio,
MOryT
6blTb
TorAa
H
CBOHI
HMeeT M02KHO
cnoco6bl
pemlieHHR npo6AeM. *
JepeBo4
B
pa6OTHHKOB
qpymwe B ApyrHe
CTpaHaX
6OAbIuHe
nOMOIgH
B
y'ipew4eHIi.H. YqPCemACHHM
rOCyAapCTBeHHbic
yKOMnAeKTOBaHHH
HeKOTOpbie
TaKoro ma 6aHKH
6aHKH
HAH HHoro
OTKpbITO
pa6OTHHKaMH
MOryT
MaAbIX
nlepeBO4HTb
xapaKTepa.
HcnoAb3y[OT
STy
rOCyAapCTBeHHbXX
B
CBOHX
HeKOTOpbiX
npaKTHKy HAH
AAR
HaCTHbIX
6aHKOB.
*
IepeBo4
B
OpraHS-agHH cy6ao4po.SAvHKoB.
nepemeujeHbl B KOMnaHHH,
*
HfchroABowfHe HS6Mr7wa pa6o7HwHKOB CTOHT
saAa'aa
HSAHUIHHMH
nOMO'Ib
pa6OTHHKoB,
HeKoTopbie
pa6oTHHKH
MoryT
6blTb
KOTOpbIe BblCcTynalioT cy6noApsAIiHKaMH 6aHKa.
B HOBOM 6fsHece 6aiHia. ECAH nepeA 6aHKoM
TPyAOyCTpOHCTBy HeKOTOpbIe
6aHKH
182
3HaqHTeAbHoro MOryT
OTKPbITb
KOAH'eCTBa HOBble
CTaBIuHX
OTAeAeHHH
HAM
Coz,jaHNe weAoseweciroro xraiiHaAa 6aiwra lqT
yCAyr,
HAH
npOAYKIIHH
HOBOi
peAAo2KeHHeM
c C
o6cAymHBaHHH
BHAbi
HOBbie
noTpe6yeT HOBbIX pa6oTHHKoB. OAHaKO, 6blAo 6bl HeBepHbIM paccMaTPHBaTb STO KaK nepcoHaAa. TeM He MeHee B TaKOH AHIIIHerO ei4e OAHzy (opMy cy6cHHfi AA Ha'aB CHoBa,
aAbTepHaTHBe eCTb BO3MO2KHOCTb 6yAyigero ycnexa. HoBoe yqpe2KAeHHe,
KoTopb1e
BO3MO2KHbIX
oCBo6o2KAaeMbix
pa6oTHHKoB,
HcnOAb3OBaHbi
HAH
nepenoAroToBAeHbI
6blTb
MOryT
He
Ke HMeeT pAA HeYCTpOeHHbX
BCe
6aHK
BCeX
npOBeAeHHR
KorAa noCAe
Tpy4oBIrX oTHoLuIeNH.
HpexpaWgeHme R
6 npH blAbHoe
(YHKUHOHHpyiOuCee
aTO BO3MO2KHOCTb nepeBoAa H3AHIIIHHX pa6OTHHKOB.
npeAnpHHTHe. OAHoBpeMeHHo,
McponpHHTHH
ycnelUHO
B
BbIpaCTH
BpeMeHeM
Co
MO2KeT
eu4e,
rAe-AH6o
BO3HHKaeT HeO6XOAHMOCTb npeKpalgeHHH TPYAOBbIX OTHOWeHHH C aTHMH pa6OTHHKaMH. IOCKOAbKy nAaHbM 6yAyWero POCTa H pa3BHTHa 6aHKa yme 6blAH yqTeHbl B nAaHax
6
BOAbIIIHHCTBO
Bo3paCTy,
B 6aHKe roA. MomeT 6blTb KTO-TO H3 HHX MOmKeT nOAy'IHTb
KamAbiH npopa6oTaHHbli a6COA1OTHo 3HaHHHM,
CnegHaAbHOCTb.
Apyry1o
MO2KHO
HeKOTOPbIX
A
06yqHTb
HeO6XOAHMbIM
KOTOpble AaAyT HM BO3MOmHOCTb OTKPbITb MaAOe npeAnpHffrHe, CTapTOBbIM
KanHTaAOM AAR ROTOpOrO nOCAymHT CyMMa, BbInAaqeHHaR 6aHKoM. IOCAC OnpeAeAeHHH HeAOCTaTKa H H3AHIIIKa pa6OTHHKOB B 6yAyI1HH inepHOA 6aHK rOTOB npHCT¶ynHTb K peaAH33aHH
npo6AeMbi,
nAaHOB peiueHHi
3a
OKAaAy
'eTbIpeXHeAeAbHoMy
HAH
MoryT
ApyrHe
neHCHio.
AOCpO'HyIO
Ha
ABYX
cyMMe
no
O3AOTOrO
BbIXOAHOrO noco6HR. AHUa, 6AH3KHe K
uMeAporo npaBo
noAyqalOT
paBHyio
BbIrLAaTy,
noAyqHTb
CHTyaH,HH
TaKOH
T.e. npeAOCTaBACHHR
pyKonomKaTHRI, rieHCHOHHOMY
B
aHKOB
BO3MO2KHOCTH
H3blCKHBaeT
He
BeAHKa.
OqeHb
AeAa,
6aHKoBcKoro
COBpeMeHHOrO
Tpe6oBaHHRM
COOTBeTCTBYIOT
qTO
npOCTO
KOTOpbIe
pa6OTHHKH,
HaxoARTcq
AHU
HenpHCTPOCHHbIX
8THX
CpeAH
npo6AeMbi
BOAee Toro, BepORTHOCTb,
BpeMA.
BnOCAeACTBHH qepe3 KaKoe-TO
6yAyr peiI1eHbI
aTH
qTO
HaAeHTbCs,
BnpaBC
He
6aHK
KoAAeKTHBa,
TPYAOBOrO
pa3BHTHR
H pa3pa6oTKH
CBOHX nAaHOB. rHAaHbI
6aHKa no AOA2KHbl npeACTaBAsrTb Co6oH HaAe2KHOe OCHOBaHHe AASI KpyHHOCMaClUTa6HoH pa6oTbi H o6yqeHHIo noHH2KeHHIo, npoABH2KeHHIO, nepeMeIeHHIO, pa6oTHHKoB, Ha6opy HOBbIX 6 rOTOB InOArOTOBKe CBOHX pa6oTHHKOB. IloKa peCAH3ylOTCR BCe aTH nAaHbI, 6aHK AOA2KeH blTb nAaHbl 6aHKa H MeponpHsTHR, K PaCCMOTPeHHIO HeKOTOpbIX ApyrHX Bo3Mo02HocTeH: /1/
TpyAOBoro KOAAeKTHBa MOryT OKa3aTbCH He COBnaAaIOIIHMH, no8TOMY nAaH Pa3BHTHS BHHMaHHe TPYAOBbIX pecypcoB 6aHKa AOA2KCH nepecMaTpHBaTbcq e2KerOAHO, IIpHHHMaH BO peaKiUH
o6CToHTeAbCTBa;
H3McHSioHecCR
sa
MHHHMH3HPOBaHbl
HeCKOAbKO COKpa1geHHe
pa6oTHHKoB
CO CTOpOHbi,
3aHRTHe
ycKopeHHe
pa3BHTHm
C'eT
H3MeHeHHR
Ha pa6o'eM CTaBKH
OAHOH
Ha
Ha
6aHKa
H
ABYMR
pa6o'efi
H36blTOK
npaKTHKH
pa6oTbl
HsMeHCHHe
pa6oTe,
MeCTe, coKpauqeHHe
coKpaigeHHe
pa6o'iyIo HeAeAio,
HenOAHyIO
Ae4pHUHT
BpeMeHH
cBepxypoqHoro
yAep21xHBaHHH
/2/
pa6oTHHKaM,
nepcoHaAa, B
nOAHTHKH
nAaHHpyemoro
HanpHMep, OTHOIIeHHH
Ha6opa pa6oTHHKOB
nepeBoA pa6OTHHKa
Ha pa6oTy
pa6o'ero BpeMeHH C COKpaigeHHeM onAaTbl;
onpeAeAeHHbIX
pblHKax,
6biTb
MOryT
CHAbi
He
KOTOpbIe
Ha
/3/
H
BXOAHAH
B
nepBOHa'aAbHbie pacqeTbi ero AeAOBoH aKTHBHoCTH.
3aimroqezrne lo AOA2eH
BceH
BepORTHOCTH,
HMeTb
Mbl
HeO6xOAHMoe
He
'iHCAO
coo6u4aeM xopoIIo
HHqero
HOBOrO,
nOArOTOBAeHHbIX
183
roBOpH,
qTO
pa6oTHHKoB,
KamAbiH oTO6bi
6aHK
ycneMHo
YxpejLAeHme pywoaorcTaa N IIorMJ=zeHHe lyBcrTrBfeAhiocTlI ie iiepememam CflpaBAATbCR noMeHIalOT oKa3aTb
C
IIOCTaBAeHHbIMH
6aHxy
He6AaronpHRTHoe
yKOMflAeKTOBaHHOCTH rlpOH3BOACTBeHHbIX rpeACTaBAHIOT
3aAaqaMH.
(pYHKUHOHHPOBaTb
ycnellMHO.
BAHUHHe
Ha
Ba2KHYIO
3aAagy,
pa6oTbl.
MeHRIOTCH
nepeA KaKAbIM
B
KOAH'IeCTBO
Heo6xOAHMOrO
KOTOpb1e
CTOHIJYIO
H3MeHeHHA
H3AHIIIHee
peSyAbTaTbl
IU1TaTaMH H co6AioAeHHe 3HaHHU H HaBbIKOB,
AIo6ble
'4TO
8THX
napameTpax
pa6oTHHKoB
OnTHMH3agHH
MomeT YPOBHq
AAR yCneLUHOH pa6oTbl Ha6opa
mepe
no
H3MeHeHHR
PYKOBOAHTeAeM
6H3Heca,
6aHKa
Ha CaMOM BbICOKOM ypoBHe, paBHO KaK H AAH KamAOrO AHHeHHoro pyKoBoAHTeAq. OTAeA qeAoBeqeCKHX peCYPCOB /CAym6a KaApoB/ MO2KeT HrpaTb Ba2KHYIO pOAb B pa3pa6oTKe nAaHHPoBaHHm noTpe6HoCTH B eAOBe-ieCKHX pecypCOB, HO OH He Mo2KeT cnpaBHTbCH C BTOii 3aAaqeii caMoCTOHTeAbHO H B OTpbiBe OT ApyrHX CAy2K6. B BTOH pa6oTe qOA2KeH npHHHTb yqaCTHe KamKAbIH
AHHeHHbli pyKOBOAHTeAb. Ha Hero npHxoAHTcH 3aAaqa OgeHKH aAeKBaTHOCTH HacToaujerO H 6yAyWero ypOBHH yKOM1AeKTOBaHHOCTH noApa3AeAeHHH H 6aHKa B MeAOM. OH AOA2KeH npHHHMaTb yqaCTHe B pa3pa6oTKe nAaHa MepOnpHaTHA, HanpaBAeHHbIX Ha ynpaBAeHHe qeAoBeqeCKHMH peCypcaMH, OH/OHa AOA2KHbI pa6oTaTb B TeCHOM KoHTaKTe CO cAy2K6oH KaApOB AAA
o6ecne'eHHR
a4xpeKTHBHbDX
peaAH3agHH
HHCTpyMeHTOB
HaMeYeHHb1X
nAaHHpOBaHHH
MepOUpHSHTHH. 6yAyWHx
CyugeCTByeT
UeAbIH
pHJA
nOTpe6HOcTeU
B aTOi o6AaCTH. AHHeCiHbJe PYKOBoAHTeAH MoryT npOHTH o6yqeHHe no HcnOAb3OBaHH1o aTHX HHCTpyMeHTOB. Ho HeT HHKaKHx npH-IHH AAH Toro, MTo6bi 6aHK, KOTOpbli xoseT OnTHMH3HPOBaTb KoMnAeKTOBaHHe CBOHX uITaTOB, H o6ecneqHTb ypOBeHb H Ha6op Heo6xOAHMbIx AAH 8Toro HaBbIKOB, He AeAaA 6bl aTorO. Aa2me TaK Ha3biBaeMbie nOAHTHMeCKHe npeMHTCTBHR qacTo MOryT 6blTb 3Ha'HTeAbHO yMeHbflueHbl HAH npeOAoAeHbI, eCAH AAH aTOrO CyUgeCTBY1OT pa3yMHbie H BeCKHe apryMeHTbl.
LIEAb 3:
PA-3BHTHE HEOBXOAHMbIX HABbIKOB H KYAbTYPbl
IPOH3BO1ICTBA BaHK He MO2KeT
q(yHK4HOHHpOBaTb,
eCAH ero nepcoHaA He BAaAeeT IIWHpOKHM CreCKTpoM HaBbiKOB H He HMeeT KyAbTypbl HaripaBHTb aTH HaBbIKH Ha AOCTHmeHHe cnegHqpH'ecKHx nPOH3BOACTBeHHb1X pe3yAbTaTOB CBoero 6aHKa. TPYAHo 6biBaeT onpeAeAHTb, RBAReTCs1 AH CyngeCTBYIOWHH YPOBeHb HaBbIKOB H OTHOUIeHHH AOCTaTOqHbIM AAA o6ecne'eHHH CnfleHaAH3HpOBaHHb1X
BqxqeKTHBHOA
pa6oTbi
HMelOU4HXCH
HaBb1KOB
6aHKa. H
ECAH
pa6oqieH
MbI
He
MOmeM
KyAbTypbl,
nOAHOCTbIO
HawUH
yCHAHR
oripeAeAHTb
aAeKBaTHOCTb
HanpaBAeHHb1e
Ha HX MoryT 6blTb HanpaBAeHbl B a6COAIOTHO HeCOOTBeTCTBylOhHe C¢epbi, HAH, WTO 6blBaeT oco6eHHo qaCTO, OKasaTbCS COBceM 6ecnOAe3HbiMH. H AeHCTBHTeAbHO, (pOpMHpoBaHHe HaBbIKOB H pa3BHTHe pa6o'efi KyAbTypbl npeAcTaBAHeT co6o0i o6AacTb HaHMeHee H3yqeHHyIo H o6ecneqeHHylo pecypcaMH AAR Hs3y'eHHH. OAHaKO, HecoMHeHHO, aTO TaKmKe H o6AacTb caMb1x cepbe3HbIX 3a6oT H noTpe6HOCTeH 6aHKa B pa3BHBaiou eHcH cTpaHe. ,
qpOpMHpOBaHHe,
KorAa
Mbl
rOBOPHM
AaHHOrO TepMHHa,
0
HeCMOTpH
ayAHTa, HaBblKH ynpaBAeHHS HAH
"pa6o'iaH
KyAbTypa , /npH
HaBbIKaX , cyiecTByeT
corAacHe o noHHMaHHH Ha TO, qTO Pa3Hbie AIOAH no pa3HOMY MoryT OjIHCaTb HaBbIKH H T.n. OAHaKO, KorAa MbI roBOpHM npOH3BoACTBeHHaff KyAbTypa
KyAbTypa, 8TOM Mbl
OTHOCHTeAbHoe
HAH
HHCTHTYUHOHaAbHaH
CKa3aAH pa3Hb1MH
3aTPYAHeHHR
H3-3a
HecKOAbKHMH
HeCopMaAbHbIMH
HeOAHHaKOBOCTH
nOHHMaHUH.
cnoco6aMH:
CAOBaMH
HAH
OAHO H TO
me/,
Pa6o'aA
KaK AIOAH
184
KyAbTypa,
KyAbTypa
BbInOAHHIOT
KopnopaTHBHaR Mbl
Mo2KeT
HCrIbITbiBaeM
6blTb
CBOIO pa6o¶ry",
onHicaHa TO,
KaK
eAotAeOectoro zanrraAa 6wara i CougaHHe
AIOAH
pa6oTe', Mo2KeT
KOH&eng4HX,
geHHOCTMX,
opraHHnagHH
H KoTopbie OKa3blBalOT 3Ha'qHTeAbHoe
MecTe (cM.
5.2).
BCTaBKy
'ITO-TO
KaK
nOHHMaloTCH
He
H
H
BHOCHTb HH
BMeWHBaTbCCH
npeAnoAaraeMoe
noBeAeHHe pa6oTHHKa B KoHKpeTHOH
BbICKa3bIBaTbCH,
npeAAaraTb
KOrAa HM cKaf2KYT, 'TO
'IAeHaMm
OAHOH
Ha pa6oieM
pa6oTbl,
OCHOBaHO Ha pe3yAbTaTaX BamleH
HopMbi,
'ITO.
cHTyauHH.
H3blCKHBaTb HAH
CTaHAapTbl
HanpHMep,
Ba2KHO -
BTO
AIOAH AOA2KHbl
HAH AIOAH AOAfltHbl
HAeH ApyrHX,
HAeH, KPHTHKOBaTb
BamHO
HanpHMep,
ycoBepJieHcTBOBaHHR, BO
UeHHOCTH
OTHouieHMHSX .
AHqHbIX
opraHH3agHH.
BHyTPH
npo6AeMbI,
KBO
CTaTyC
nOAAep2KHBaTb
HeKoTOpblx
HX noBeAeHHe
BAHHHHe Ha
pa6OTbI
CTa2Ke
BamHoe
onpeAeARTb
B03MO2KHOCTH,
Ha
OCHOBaHO
npoABH2KeHHe
KyAbTypa
0
BKAio'aIOT TO, MTO pa6OTHHK csHTaeT npaBHAbHbIM
nPOABH2KeHHe
HanpHMep,
BHYTpH OpraHHsagMH, HAH
KOHgenlgHH
pa6oqaa
pasAeAHIOTCa
KOTOpbIe
CTaHAapTaX,
HOpMaTHBaX,
K CBoeH
npeACTaBAeHHe
HHTerpHPOBaHHoe
KaK
oxapaKTepH3OBaHa
6blTb
KoAAeraM,
HecKoAbKo 6oAee CTporo
pa6oTaTb B KoMnaHHH".
TaKOe,
'ITO
K CBOHM
CBOeMy Ha'aAbCTBy,
K
KOMnaHHH,
K CBOeM
OTHOCRTCR
2KAaTb,
H KaK Hy2KHO AeAaTb.
BCTaKica 5.2 OCHOBHbie KOMnOHeHTbl KOpnOpaTHBHOH CTPYKTyPbl
Ilpe4oaonAeHHs - MTO, no MHeHHIO pa6OTHHKa, HB.AHeTCH npaBHAbHbIM B OpraHHsagMH. no MHeHHIO pa6OTHHKa, HBACeTCH BamKHbIM B OpraHH3agHH.
JJeHHOCTH - 'TO,
- KaK, npeAnOAO02HTeAbHO, AOA?KeH BeCTH Ce6R pa6oTHHK B KOHKpeTHOH cHTyaUHH. KOTOpbIe AIOAH COBepLualOT B npogecce pa6OTbl H B HoBeBeHHC - e2KeAHeBHbie AeiCTBHH, CTaNzgapr
CBH3H CO csoeH pa6OTOH.
MeHHOCTe
KOHKpeTHblIi Ha6Op KOHUengHHs, nOBeAeHHe
opraHH3agHH,
AaHHOH
'AeHoB
H HOpMaTHBOB Aio6oH opraHH3agHH onpeAeAHeT
T.e.
eC2IeAHeBHbie
M bl 3HaeM, 'TO
AIOAbMH B OTHOIueHHH CBoeH pa6OTbl.
[npeCnpHHHMaeMbIe
Ae4CTBHHR
npOABH2fteHHe
no
cAy2Ke6HoH 'AeCTHHMe,
noAy'eHHe 6oAee BbICOKoro 3BaHHH O'ICHb Ba2KHO AAA 6OAbIIHHCTBa pa6OTHHKOB. ECAH OHM C%IHTalOT, 'ITO nPOABH2KeHHe OCHOBaHO Ha pe3yAbTaTaX HX pa6OTbl, MHOrMe CTpeMMTcA oBAaAeTb HopMaTHBaMH B pa6OTC, BbInOAHHTb HX. CTalKa
pa6oTbl
3acAy2KHTb
H
OT
OTHOiueHHH,
'ITO
c'HTalOT,
eCAH OHH ciHTaIOT, MTO lpOABH2KeHHe 3aBHCHT OT
Bam2HO
CoBepCUeHCTBOBaTb AeRTeAbHOCT,
CTapaTbCR
OHH 6yAyT
BAHMTeAbHbIX
6AarocKAOHHOcTb
PYKOBOAHTeAH
Ho
To'HO
AHg.
HCKaTb
HOBble
HH
BO 'TO
TaK
me,
He BMeCIHBaTbcM eCAH
B03MOffHOCTH
H
pa6OTHHKM
HAH
6HsHeca
HAm
AAM
onpeAeAATb npo6AeMbI H peIuaTb HX, CTpeMHTbcM yAy'iaTm
o6cAymaHBaHHe KAHeHTOB, yAy'iuaTb pa6o'He yCAOBHH, OHMH cmor3r
CAeAaTb BTO.
Ho,
eCAH OHH
Ba2KHO coxpaHHTb CTaTyC KBO H AepC2KaTbcH nOTHIe, TorAa OHH 6yAyT nocTynaTb
c'qHTaioT, 'TO HMeHHO TaK. BAHHHHe
coBepmeHO
Ha6opa o'eBHAHO.
nOAOmlHTCeAbHO
-
aAMHHHCTPaTOPOM
H
xapaKTepHCTHK Pa6o'a3 Ha
B CBoeM
KyAbTypbl
KyAbTypa
nOBeAeHHe
Ha
pe3yAbTaT
3HaqHTeAbHO
pa6OTHHKa.
185
BAHHeT
IBACeTcR
noApasAeAeHHH, COCPeAOTOqeHO
AeHTeAbHOCTH
AM
-
opraHH3aUHH
OTPHIaTeAbHO
PYKOBOAHTeAb
HAM
npOCTbIM
AH ero/ee BHHMaHHe Ha CaMOH
YXpeHAeHWe pyoao4'cTaa a IORhLreIHKC cyRcTBIfeAhocTf
AeHTeAbHOCTH HAH Ha ee pe3yAbTaTax,
OUIH6OK, H36eraTb peIueHHn, Kax
Ha3biBaIOT
B
cTpeMHTcH AH 5
H36eraTb npo6AeM?
HeKOTOpbIx
6aHKax
OH/oHa
coxpaHHTb cTaTyc KBo,
IBAAeTcH AH PYKOBOAHTeAb ripOCTO
PyKOBOAHTeAeS,
KoTopbie
nepeAaieH
pa6oTbl
OlIpeAeAHeT
H cTpeMHTCR AOCTH'b npHOpHTeTHbIX peSyAbTaToB,
BHH3
H
BHiOCHT ycOBepJiIeHCTBOBaHHH, npo6AeMbl CTpaHaX
OTHOCHTCH HMelOT
K
o6AacTH
pa6o'efi
KOTOpaH
He
B 6zopoKpaTwmecKylo,
KyAbTypbl.
pecypcbi
AHAepOM,
JAH 6yAyWero?
6aHKH
B
OH
Bce
8TH
pa3BHBaioigHxcR
COBepi11eHCTBOBaHHIO
MOHOnOAHCTH4eCKyIO,
rpocToH
nOAHHMaeT H peuiaeT BOrIpOCbl,
MHorue
crioco6CTByeT
HBAHTCie
H36eraTb
r1OqTOH,
AOBOAbCTBYIOTCR
HAH pyKOBOAHTCAb
BBepX?
o6yqaeT nepcoHaA, (3OpMHpyeT
KyAbTypy,
YXOAHT KOPHHMH
peuleHHH
K nepeMreHaM
pa6OTbl.
OHa
HeKommepqecKyio apy, KOTopaH
ceiimac HBAHeTCA OCHOBHblM nperIHTCTBHeM 4AH COOTBeTCTBHH Tpe6oBaHHHM ceroAHMHlero AHH B 6aHKoBcKoM AeAe. AAA Toro 4To 6 bi C¢OpMHpOBaTb npaBHAbHbIC HaBbIKH H BbIpa6OTaTb pa6o4yIO KyAbTypy B 6aHKe, MbI AOA2KHbI npOBeCTH MHTb OCHOBHbIX MepOnpHHTHH: *
OnpeAeAHTb nOAHblH Ha6op Heo6xOAHMbIX HaBbIKOB H OTHOIIueHHH.
*
onpeAeAHTb HHAHBHAYaAbHbie H KOAAeKTHBHble BO3MO2KHOCTH pa6OTHHKOB,
pecypcbl
H noTpe6HOcTH pa3BHTHR, *
YCKOPHTb,
HHTCHCH(PHUHPOBaTb
H
CKOHMeHTPHPOBaTb
o6y'eHHe
o6AacTHx, KOTOpb1e o6ecneqaT peiueeHue npo6AeMbl Ae(pHUHTa
H
nOArOTOBKY
rIOCTORHHO H3MeHHIOU.JHXCH Tpe6oBaHHH K Heo6xOAHMbIM HaBbiKaM. B o6AacTH pa3BHTHH HaBbIKOB ynpaBACHHR H OCHOBHbIX (pyHKUHOHaAbHbix *
Pa3BHBaTb
pa6oqyio
KyAbTypy
noAAep2KHBaAa 6bl BO3MO2KHOCTb
IlpHrAaiIIaTb
*
oBAaAeHHIO
Ha pa6oTy
BCeX
YpOBHHX
qaCTHOCTH
B
HaBbIKOB.
opraHH3aUHH,
KOTOpaR
BbinOAHeHHH saAaq H geAeH 6aHKa.
B 6aHK AHU,
Heo6xOAHMbIMH
cyIeCTBYlOEUHX
Ha
B
HaBbIKOB H npo6AeMbl
KOTOpble
HaBbIKaMH
H
K
HMeIOT
O'ieBHAHbie
BbiriOAHeHHIO
cnoco6HOCTH
pa6oTbl
B
K
yCAOBHHx
H pa3BHBaioigHxcH Tpe6OBaHHH.
B AaHHOM pa3AeAe Mbi o 6 CyAHM,
6
KaK Ao HTbCR peaAH3agHu aTHX 3aAaq.
AHaANg HeO6Xo,4IMbMx OvabhKOB Nf OTHOIzIeHH
B
opraHH3aUHH,
rAe pa6oTa BbinoAHHeCTCH yAoBAeTBOPHTeAbHO,
POCT H rAe CyUgeCTBy!OIHfH 3aKAIOMaTbCH
B
peaAH3agHH
COCTaBAeHHH
KOHKpeTHbIX
TexHoAorHRM. OnHCaHHOMY
MHorHe Bblule
ypoBHH
HaBbIKOB
AAm
BHHMaTeAbHblfi OnpeAeAHTb
cnHCKa
6aHKH
pa6oTbl
yCneiUlHOH H TJ4aTeAbHbII
nOAHblH
Ha6Op
peLueHHH,
KOTOpb1e
pe3yAbTaTHBHOCTH
B pa3BHBaiOl_qHXCH HMeeTCH 6aHKoB,
CYLMCCTBYIOULHX
MHOrO
pa6oTbl.
aHaAHs3 UoTpe6HOcTeH yMeHHi
3AeCb
HaqaAa.
186
blTb
AOCTHrHyTbl
HAH
o6yqeHHR
Co0KaAeHHIO,
He
Heo6XOAHMOCTH psVta
OAHOBpeMeHHoro
IOaTOMY
HeO6XOAHMbIX
K
IpHMepOB geAoro
6
pa6oTe
CTpaHaX,
yAyqLLIeHHH
HaBbIKOB,
MOryT B
onepauHH BHeApeHHH
o6biqHO
B
XOAe
HOBbIM
OTHOCHTCH
K
3Ha-HTeAbHOrO H
paAHKaAbHOrO
HOBbIX
HeO6XOAHMO
BamHbIX npOBeCTH
6aHKa. 3aAaqa CBOAHTCR K TOMy, qTo6bJ H
TOqeK
6aHKy. HHme Mbl noApo6Ho pacCMOTPHM npHOPHTeTHOCTb Ha6op Mbl AoA2rHbi c caMoro
rAe ouiyuiaecTcR noCTOHHbliH
HaBbIKOB AOCTaToMHO BbiCOK, aHaAH3 noTpe6HOCTeH MomeT
npo6AeM
cAy'ialO.
COBepLuleHCTBOBaHHH noA0beMa
ypOBeHb
3peHHS,
aTHX HaBbIKOB,
KOTOpbie
HeO6XOAHMbm
HO 3HaTb nOAHDI
Hx
CoBTaHHe YeAoseYecxoro KranirTaAa 6akHwa
VIOCKOAbKy
nlpHo6peTalOT
H
HaBbIKaMH
nlOAb3yKOTCH
O'eHb
pa6oTHHKH,
OTAeAbHbiC
HX
nOAe3HO npOaHaABAHpoBaTb noTpe6HOCTH B 3THX HaBb1KaX C TOIKH 3peHHR pa6o-iero MeCTa, HanpHMep, KaKHMH HaBbIKaMH AOA2eH 06AaAaTb
q)YHK4HH, AOAMHOCTH, 3aHHMaeMOH AIOAbMH.
TeXHHqeCCHe HAH ynpaBAeH'eCKHe HaBbIKH MOryT 6blTb o6U4HMH AAR
HeKoTopble KOHTOPCKHe, pa6oTHHKoB AaHHOrO
KorAa
BceM 6aHKe.
YPOBHH BO
nOTpe6HoCTH
Mbi OnpeAeAHM
Mbi CMO21eM crpynnHpoBaTb
Kam2oHOf AOA2HOCTH,
MeCTa,
pa6o'iero
6aHKa?
CAym6bi
(HHaHCOBOH
AHpeCTOp
OTAeAa,
MeC2AYHaPOAHorO
AHpeKTOp
ypOBH9,
perHOHaAbHoro
6aHKa, PYKOBOAHTeAb
PYKOBOAHTeAb oTAeAeHHR
PYKOBOAHTeAb oTAeAa ayAHTa,
oTAeAa,
pa6OTHHK KpeAHTHOrO
KacCHp,
6aHKa,
KoppeCnoHAeHiH1o
OTnpaBARIOU1fHH
pa6oTHHx,
KamAoro
AAA 1eAeHw
nOTpe6HoCTH
o6yqeHH.H H nOArOToBKH.
KpeAHTa, KOTOpbiH pa6OTaeT B CHTH6aHKe (CM. BCTaBKy
KoMMepCecKorO
O peCOMeHAagHH
pelUIeHHe
npHHHMaiOujerO
6aHKe,
HO
Heo6xOAHMbIX
T.e.
noTpe6HOCTeH, OCHOBHOApa6OTe,
H
HaBbIKOB
5.3). B HeM
Mo2KHo
pa6oTHUKa
6aHKa,
6yxraATepa
HAH
Heo6xO4HMbl pa6OTHHKaM,
H
pa6OTHHK B TOM me
nOAXOAa
K
aHaAH3y
COCpeCOTO'IHTbCH
cHaqaAa
HanpHMep, BKAYOWaIOuleH,
onepauHOHHOrO
PYKOBOAHTeAH
OTAeAa
Ha
KpeAHTHOrO B OTAeAeHHH
BbICOKOrO ypOBHq 6aHKa, 3aTeM
6oAee
8TH nOTpe6HOCTH AAm
6aHKa, 3aTeM MOAHWfH4HpOBaTb
6aHKa
KaKOM-TO
B
a6cOAIoTHo
KpeAHTHblH
3HaHHH-
BCeH AHHeHHOH HepapxHH,
o6ujeii AA.
ayAHTopa,
pa6oTHHcKa,
oTAe4a
KpeAHTa
nIOAe3HOrO
HAAIOCTpagHeH
CAy2HTb
MO2eT
HTO
6aHKe.
CaMOM
meM
6OAee HHSKOe,
3aHHMaiOUgHM rIOAO2KeHHe HepapXH'eCKH
HaBbIKOB
aTHX
pyKOBOAHTeA51M
CTaPU1HM
OTAeAa,
KpeAHTHOrO
PyKOBOAHTeA1O
4AA
KOMMep'eCKOrO
BblAax1H
MHOrHe H3
'ITO
O'eBHAHO,
HeO6xOAHMbie
HaBbIKH,
KaK
paCCMaTpHBaTb
M021HO
KOHKpeTHOM
COTPYAHHKa
1TO Ha3blBaeTCH 3HaHHHMH, HaBbIKaMH H OnbITOM.
BblAeAHTb TO, aTO
HaBbIKOB
Heo6xOAHMbIX
CnHCOK
npHBOAHTCR
HHmCe
HanpHMep,
AAA 6oAee HH3Koro yPOBHH 6aHKa, co6AioAaR BepTHKaAbHOCTb HepapXHH. ECTb aHaAH3
HCTOYHHIKOB
MHOrO
nOTpe6HOcTeH.
HHqpOpMaUHH,
XopoIUo
Ha OCHOBaHHH
COCTaBAeHHoe
npeKpacHyio
OTHOCHTeAbHO
Tpe6yeMbIx AAR
MHHHMaAbHbie
Tpe6oBaHHH
AaHHOH
AAA
BAaAeHHe pa3AH4HbIMH HaBbIKaMH, KOTOpbie AOA2KHbl
aHaAH3a. B
AOA2KHOCTHOH
o6R3aHHocTH
Ha AaHHOM
H,
HHCTpYKHlHH pa6oneM
Ha
roBopSI
HH4OpMa4UHH
o6 onbiTe,
OTpameHbI
AHlb
HMeeTCA
BBH4Y
blTb BCKpblTbI H onpeAeAeHbl BO BpeMH
onpeAeAHCeTCl
TaKme
MeCTe.
6
o6H3aHHOCTeH
HeO6XO4HMOH
BCeH
pa6oTbl HaBbIKOB. Ho o6bFqHO TaM
AaHHOH AOA2KHOCTH
6blTb npoBeAeH
MomeT
AOAMHOCTHbIX
OnHCaHHe
nOAyqeHHH
BO3MO2KHOCTb
npeAOCTaBAMeT
KOTOpOH
OCHOBaHHH
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb
BCeX BTHX
H
OCHOBHbie
AaHHblX MO2eT
6blTb
COCTaBAeH nOAHblIH CnHCOK Tpe6yeMbIx HaBbIKOB H yMeHHH. HCIIOAHHTeAH pa6oTbl MOryT HMeTb H co6CTBeHHoe MHeHHe 0 TOM, KaKHe HaBbIKH HM Heo6xoKOHKpeTHoro pa6oTHHKa Tome Mo2KeT BbicKa3aTb HeCKOAbKO 3aMe'aHHH OCeHKa ycnelllHOCTH pa6oTbl, eCAH B HeH OTMe'aiOTCR HaBbIKH, Tome
AHMbI- PYKOBOAHTCeAb no BTOMY MO2KeT MoryT
nOBOAy.
CAY2KHTb 6blTb
nOAe3Hb1M
ynoMHHyTbl
MaTepHaAoM AAR aHaAH3a.
HOBbIe
Tpe6oBaHHHI,
UeAH
B nAaHe
H CTpaTerHH,
onepagHui noApa3AeAeHHR B
HeM me MoryT
6blTb
OTMe'eIHbi H Tpe6yeMble yMeHHH H HaBblKH. 6 HoBble HAH o HOBAeHHbie npolCeccbi, npoIgeAypbi, TeXHOAorHH HAH HcnOAb3OBaHHe HoBoro o6opyAoBaHHH Tome MomeT nOTpe6oBaTb HOBbIX HaBbiKOB. Te, KTO OnpeAeCAROT xapaKTep
187
YKpezrAeHre pJTosqo,cna Hi7oBMmuemoe BcTaBKa
_
_BHwrAHocTN _
lep _eHam
5.3
He6xoAHmbze HaBbIKH COTpyAHHXa OTAeAa KOMmepqeCKHX KpeADTOB
CmTH6aHma TeopeTNveCxHe SHaHHH:
*
cpeAHHe 3HaHHH no y9eTy;
*
KOPnOpaTHBHble qHHaHCbI;
*
aKoHoMHtecKoe npaBO;
*
AeHbrH H 6aHKoBcKoe AeAo;
*
BKOHOMHKa;
*
paSBHTaH pelb H yMeHHe teTKO H3AaraTb CBOH MblCAH nHCbMeHHO.
TeXHNYecKNe HaBMAKH: *
npOBeAeHHe BblHCHeHHH H o6cAeAoBaHHH B CBR3H C BbIAaqeH KpeAHTa;
*
KpeAHTHblH aHaAH3;
*
eAHHbliH KOMMepMeCKHH
*
3aKOHbl H npaBHAa;
*
Me2AHqHOCTHbie OTHOliueHHH;
KOAeKC;
- HHTepBbIO;
- neperoBOpbl; - ocyigeCTBAeHHe ToproBoli cAeAKH; - coo6u4eHHe HenpHHTHOH HHc)OpMaaHH.
3
HaHH.5 6aHhKa H pM/HKa:
*
MeAH 6aHKa
*
KpeAHTHaH nOAHTHKa
*
YCAyrH H (pyHKgHH ApyrHx OTAeAOB
OMImT: *
ce3oHHbie KpeAHTbl;
*
CpO'Hbie KpeAHTbI;
*
KpeAHTbI 6aHKa-areHTa;
*
peLueHHe CAO?KHbIX CHTyaslH1
*
AHKBHAaBHOHHbie AeHCTBHR;
*
rapaHTHH, npeAocTaBAHmbie YnpaBAeHHeM MaAoro 6HBHeca;
*
KpeAHTbI MaAoMy 6H3Hecy;
C BbiAaHHbIMH KpeAHTaMH;
*
nOApHAHb1e 3aHMbI;
*
3aAoroBoe o6ecneneHHe Bo3o6HoBAAeMbix KpeAHToB;
*
npeAOCTaBAeHHbIX Ha OCHOBe rapaHTHH aKTHBaMH
188
npeAn4pHTHH.
CowjaMwe qeAoaeqecxoro icraiArraAa 6aIrca Ha BbiXOAe4 6aHKa, a TaKme nOAb3oBaTeAH npOAyKRHH Ha KOHKpeTroM OTHOcHTeAbHO Tpe6yeMbIx HaBbIKOB pa6oTHHKa
npoAyKiHro
BXOAUilyio
pa6oTbi H
MoryT HMeTb nOAe3Hoe MHeHHe MecTe. HOAe3HbIM MomeT 6blTb B
Heo6xOAHMblx
HCnOAbSylOTCH
KOTOpbie
6aHKa,
oTAeAeHHH
B
H
ynpaBAeHHH
rAaBHOM
HaBbiROB,
OTHOCHTeAbHO
6aHKa
KAHeHTOB
BbicKa3biBaHHe
HenocpeACTBeHHo npH pa6oTe C KAHeHTaMH. BHyTpeHHHe Tpe6oBaHHH
K
Ha
HaBbIKaM
nOBOAY
npoBeAeHHR
oCeHRH
HHMopmaUHH
HCTOYHHKH
KamAbif 6aHK HaHAeT CBOH
Heo6xoAHMbIX HaBbIKOB,
mepe
Fo
AOAMHOCTAX.
onpeAeAeHHbIX
no
MHeHHe
onpeAeAeHHoe
HMeTb
AOAMHbl
ayAHTopbi
BHeMIIHe
H
OTHOCHTeAbHO
o6R3aTe,AbHOCTH OnpeAeAeHHb1X HaBbIKOB. FOCKOAbKy HaC HHTePeyCeT KamAaa KTO AOAMeH nPOBOAHTb 3TY O!1eHKy nOTpe6HOCTeH? HHopma UH CTOAb pa3Hoo6pa3HbI, oqeBHAHo, OTAeAbHaR AOAMHOCTb H nocKOAbKy HCTOMHHKH He B COCTOHHHH CnPaBHTbCH C TaKHM O6beMoM ITO PH3H(eCKH nepCOHaA cAym6bI KaApoB HaBbiKaX AAR KamAoro pa6onero meCTa B pa6oTbl, y4HTbIBaH noTpe6HocTH B Heo6xoAMMbIx npHHaHAe2KaTb AHHeHHbIM pyKoBoAHTeARM. 6aHKe. OCHoBHaH pOAb B 8TOH pa6OTe AOAMHa pecypcoB MoryT HrpaTb 3AeCb BamHyio, HO Pa6OTHHKH cAym6bl pa3BHTHA 'eAoBeqecKHx AOnOAHHTeAbHYIO pOAb. *
ve.AoBevecKHx pecypcoB.
PoAb COTpyN4HH.oB crAym6bN pSBHTJH
H COCTaBAeHHe
noTpe6HocTeH
o6bl4HO
HaBbIKOB,
cnHcKa
cTaBWT
npoBoAsr
3aAaqy,
no KoTopble 6yAyT npHHHMaTb yqaCTHe B pa6oTe H Heo6xOAHMbIx HaBbIKOB, npHBoART npHMepbi
o6ymeHHe AHHeHHbIx pyKoBoAHTeAeC,
aHaAH3y AOA2RHOCTHbIX o6a3aHHocTei pyKoBoAHTeAHM pe3yAbTaToB npo4ecca, noMoraloT AHHeHHblM B UX aHaAH3e. 3HaRoMHTcSi
aTOro
aHaAH3a
npOBeAeHHe
3a
OTBCTCTBeHHOCTb
HeCyT
KOTOpbIe
noApa3AeAeHHR,
COTPYAHHKH
, eCAH aTO Heo6xoAHMo,
pe3yAbTaTbi pa6oTbl C KafAbiM
C OTTIeToM H yTOqHfHOT
AHHeHHbIM pyKoBoAHTeAeM. *
PoAb
pyKoBpo,4TeAeR.
AHHeNHblx
PYKOBOAHTeAH
COCTaBARIOT
/AOA2KHOCTH/,
CAeAyH
pa6OTHHKH TOAbKO
OTAeAa
CnHCKH
npHeMaM
'eAoBe'ecKHx
peKoMeHAOBaHHbIX
AAR
OTo6paHHbie
AAH
Heo6XoAHMbiX
HaBb!KOB
AHHeHHbIe
pa6oTbl
BTOHi
AAR
pa6o0ero
MecTa
H npHMepaM o6pa3Uon, KoTopbIe npeAOCTaBAB1OT
pecypcoB. BTOH
UeAH
K
HM
aToiH pa6oTe CAeAyeT nPHBAeKaTb
pyKoBoAHTeAeH.
MHorHe
IOCKOAbKy
me AOAMHOCTH B ApyroM oTAeAeHHH, AOAMHOCTH B oTAeAeHHH 6aHKa nOXO2KH Ha TaKHe 3-4 oTAeAeHHH 6aHKa. BaHK ieAecoo6pa3Ho npHBAe'b K BTOH pa6oTe PyKoBoAHTeAeH MomeT
cosAaTb
oTAeAeHHH
AAH
pa6o'yio
OKoHqaTeAbHOH
npoBeAeHHblH aHaAH3.
HanpaBAeHHu qTo6bl
aHaAH3a
onpeAeAHTb
COCTOHujyio
OgeHKH
H3
nIpHMepHO
npoAeAaHHOH
pa6OTbl,
10 pyKoBoAHreAei MTo6bI
oAo6pHTb
qTo6bi o6CyAFrrb CHa'aAa aTa me rpynna MomeT co6paTbcH, BCTpeTHTbcH, nOTpe6HoCTeH. Ho3AHee rpynna momeT BHOBb
npHOpHTCTbl
camoro 6aHKa. OTo6paHHbie KaK ayAHT,
rpyrnny,
y4eT, KpeAHTbl,
B HanpaBAeHHH H
opraHH3agHH o6y4eHHR
BHyTpH
6aHKa, TaKHX
pyKOBoAHTeAH H3 ApyrHx noApa3AeAeHHH qeAOBe'IeCKHe pecypCbl, aAMHHHCTpaUHm, onepaguH
Tome
OAAAnpeAeAeHHH CBOHX noTpe6HocTeH H npOBeAeHHR MoryT nomeAaTb npoBeCTH CBOH aHlaAH3a. BoAee CneUHaAH3HpOBaHHble noApa3AeAeHHR MOryT CO3AaTb noAo6Hble rpynnb
co6cTBeHHbli
A
aHaAH3.
189
Yrpe,zAeHwe
pyKro4oCcrBa o 1oomzlIeo5Ne vyBcTBNreAhHocrT
K 7epememaa
KAIO'IOM K npoBeAeHHIO ycneMHoro aHaAH3a Heo6XoAHMbIX Tpe6yeMblx yMeHHH Mo2mHO CqHTaTb co3AaHHe npaKTHmecKoH MOAeAH, K napameTpam pa6oTbl KOTOpOH Mo2KHo npHpaBH3iTb cTamHapTbl H HOpMaTHBbI. HacKoAbKo nOApo 6 HbIM AOA2KCH 6blTb HTorOBblH AoKyMeHT/cnHCoK?
KaK OH AOA2KCH BbirAHMeTb? Bbziue Mbi yme npHBOAHAH npHMep, KaCaiOIIHHCH Tpe6OBaHHii K 3HaHHHM,
HaBbIKaM H OnbITy KpcAHTHOrO pa6oTHHKa.
AeTaAH3agHH
ZLAMeHee
BnOAHe npHeMAeMa.
MeHee noApo6HblH cnHCOK.
4R"
6OAbIINHHCTBa 6aHKoB TaKaH cTeneflb
CAO2KHbJX AOA2KHOCTeH AOCTaTO'iHblM
FOMHHTe TOAbKO 0 geAHx aHaAH3a noTpe6HOcTeH.
6yAeT
H
OH npOBOAHAcR
qTo6bJ CAY2KHTb OCHOBOH AAH OgeHKH AeqpHUHTa HaBbiKOB y AHMa, 3aHHmaioWero AaHHblH IIOCT a TaKme AAR onpeAcAeHHH Heo6xOAHMbix npHopHreT'OB yqe6HbIx nporpaMM. HaBepHoe, 3AeCb CTOHT nopeKoMeHAoBaTb npoCTOH npHHgHn: "He YCAO2KHqH 6e3 Heo6xOAHMOcTH
H,,raBH4yaAbmau ogeHKa /arrecragim/ lpaKTH'ieCKH B Ka2KAOM
y'pemAeHHH
OUeHKH CBOHX pa6oTHHKOB.
CygUeCTBYCT Ta HAH HHaH (popMa HHAHBHAyaAbHOH
HeKoTopblx yCTpaHBaeT HMeiOigaHCH CHCTeMa, HeKOTOpbIX
- HeT.
HeKOTOpbie CHCTeMb1 pa6oTaloT ycneMnHO, HeKOTOpbie - nAOXO. B MOeM onbITe pa6oTbl c 6aHKaMH
B pa3BHBaiogHxcH
/KOTOpaH
TaKmKe
CTpaHaX H o6HapymHA,
Ha3blBaeTcH
OMeHKa
pa6oTbl,
-ITO cHCTeMa HHAHBHAYaAbHbIX
HAH
OlgeHKa
ycneUIHOCTH,
OMeHOK
HAH
OgeHKa nOTeHUHaAbHOH ycneMIHOCTH, HAH aTTeCTaUHR H T.A.1 B OCHOBHOM HHKaKOrO OTHOlueHHH K AeAy He HMeeT. PyKoBoAHTeAH npOBOAHT KaKoH-To npogecc ogeHKH, 3anOAHHIOT KaKHe-To 6yMamKm, O pe3yAbTaTaX He coo6ngaIoT Aame caMoMy pa6oTHHKy, H nOCblAaHoT aTy OUeHKY B OTACA pa3BHTHR KOTOpbie
'ieAoBeqeCKHX peCypCOB,
KOTOpblH 3aHocHT pe3yAbTaTbl B KaKoH-To
MO2KeT 6blTb HCnOAb3yIOTCH
HHOrAa KaK OCHOBaHHe AAH
KaK HCTOIHHK HH()opMaUHH npH pelIleHHH
A
Bonpoca O
TeM He MeHee, TaKaH HHAHBHAyaAbHaf
6aHK AaHHbix,
noBbIImeHHH 3apnAaTbi HAH
nepeBoAe HAH npOABH2KeHHH pa6oTHHKa.
OgeHKa, HAH aTTeCTaUHH, npeACTaBA1eTCH BamHON
maCTbiO 6aHKOBCKOfi
pa6oTbI C nepCOHaAOM. OpraHH3agHH Hy2KeH MexaHH3M AAm onpeAeAeHHH noTpe6HOcTeH B nOArOTOBKe H o6y'eHHH Ka2KAoro pa6oTHHKa, AAR Toro, qTo6bi 3anAaHHpoBaTb H o6ecneqHTb o6y'eHHe HeO6xOAHMorO THna HAH rAy6HHbl HAH opraHH3oBaTb o6y'eHHe Ha pa6o'ieM MeCTe. 14HAHBHAyaAbHaM arreCragmH Heo6xOAHMa AAR BbiHBAeHHH H onpeAeAeHHR Ayq'UIHX KaHAHAaTOB
Ha rpOABHmeHHe no CAy2K6e, Am
KaKyWo AOA2KHOCTb HaBHaqHTb, AOnOAHHTeAbHOM o6beKTHBHyIO AaHHoMy
coo6WHTb BTOMY pa6OTHHKy,
HAH celgHaAH3HpoBaHHOM
OCHOBy
pa6OTHHKy,
ycnelIJHOCTH
B
pa6oTe.
aTTecTaUHH,
a
ceaiqac
aTTeCTaUHH
AAM
AAA
onpeAeAeHHH
I1OCKOAbKy
no
Ho3AHee
Mbi
H XOTeA
BbIpa6OTKH
6bl
o6y'eHHH, H
o6cyAHM
a TaK2ie AAR Toro,
ocTaHOBHTbCM
3apnAaTbI
OHH
Bce
KOro H Ha
B KaKOH o6AacTH OH Hy2KAaeTcH B
nOBbIlleHHH
onpeAeAeHHIO
6 oTO bi OnpeAeAHTb,
Toro,
-ITo6bi o6ecnecHTb
HAH
BbirIaTbl
BbIriAa'HBalOTCH
BO3MOMHOCTH
TOAbKO
Ha
HCnOAb3OBaHHH
Ha HCnOAb3OBaHHH
HeO6XoAHMblx
HaBbIKOB
H
aTTeCTagHH
RBAMcTcH
onpeAeAeHHe
pa-BHTHH
ripeMHH
OCHOBaHHH AaHHbiX
pe3yAbTaToB
pa6oqefi
KyAbTypbl
npeAnppHaTHHi. OCHOBHOfi KoAAeKTHBHblX noTpe6HocTeH npaBHAbHOe pyKOBOACTBo
gaAaqeH
BCMKOfi
xapaKTePHCTHK B o6y'eHHH.
npoBeAeHHe
H
3Ha1HT
aTTecTagHH
cnoco6HocTefi npoBeAeHHe TpyAHo
TpyAOBOro aTTecTagHH
nepeogeHHTb
6aHKa AOA2KHo 6blTb 3aHHTepeCOBaHO
190
no
HHAHBHAyaAbHb1X
KoAAeKTHBa,
cAy2KHT cBoemy
B TOM, 'rTo6bl
o6UHM
H
pecypcoB
H
HHTepecaM,
a
sHaqeHHIO.
CTapuiee
HMeTb Ha Bcex nocTax B
CO."aHNe leAoBe'WecKroro ranI7MTaA 6a ra
H
Tpe6oBaHHe
ocHoBonoAaraiou ee
To
Kha2AblH
pyK0oBoAHTeAb,
6aHKa. Ka=Ablf AHHeUHHH
pa6oTbl
xopoiueri
YCAOBHe o6ecneneHHH
9
pa6oTHHKoB.
BbICOKOKBaAHcPHUHpOBaHHbIX
6aHKe
B TOM, qTO6bl HMeTb B CBOHX PYKOBOAHTeAb cAym bi nepcoHaAa AOA2KeH 6bITb 3aHHTepecOBaH 6
3
CneIHaAHCTOB.
KBaAHPHBHpOBaHHbIX
TIOAHOCTbIO
nOAPa3AeAeHHHX
HX
o6AeriaeT
To
6aHKa B geAOM. KamAbdi co6cTBeHHyIO pa6oTy H o6ecneqHBaeT OCHOBy AAR ycnemHoi pa6oTbi H cBOHx 3HaHHH 6aHKa AOA2KeH 6bITb saHHTepecoBaH B COBepiuIeHCTBOBaHHH pa6oTHHK
B
HaBbIKOB.
HTore
KOHe4HOM
3apa6oTHOH
nAaTe,
HHTepeCHOH
6oAee
nOAy'eHHH
npOABH2KeHHH,
y'pe2KAeHHH,
B
cTaTyca
ero/ee
nOBbIlmeHHH
ero/ee
Ha
OTpa3HTbCH
AOA2KHO
3TO
pa6oTbl.
Ho
B
nperITCTBHfi.
C
cBH3aHHOe
pecypcbi,
H
OleHKH
CpeACTBa
BpeMH,
IoaTTOMy
nOCAeACTBHH.
HHKaKHX
6
bl
B
BHAeTb,
HHX
HM
XBaTaeT
AAH
He
npOCTO
PYKOBOAHTeAHM
'ITO HY2KHO
HeO6beCTHBHbI B CBOHX oUeHKax,
xapaKTepa
nepBOH
npOBeAeHHH
MOTHBaMH. HHorAa cyUgeCTBYIOI14a
ApyrHMH
ogeHlcH
HIpH
pa6oTHHKa,
npecAeAyeT 2KepTBOH
cAa6oCTH
BoBce
a
MHOrO
CAHIIKOM
TaKoH
pyKOBOAHTeAH
HeCOTOpble
OHH MOryT pylOBOACTBOBaTbC5I
aTTeCTag!HH
npogeAypa aTTeCTaUHH Tpe6yeT o0eHKH BCeX MepT
CBR3aHa
He
HeKoTOpblx
B ApyrHx cAyqasax
pa6OTe.
B
MyMeCTBa.
aToro
B
He npeACTaBAHIOT, KaKHe HaBbIKH OHH
ycnelUlHOCTH
AAH
TpaTHTb
1To6bl
aTTeCTa4HiO.
TaKyiO
CAy'qaRX PYKOBOAHTeAH MaAO 3HaIOT CBOHX nOAqHHeHHbIX, XOTeAH
npOBeAeHHR
B TOM,
3aHHTepecOBaHbI
OpraHH3OBaTb
npaBHAbHO
H
npoAyMaTb
'iTo6bi
He
PYKOBOAHTCAH
3aqacT¶yI
AAR
aTTeCTaUHR He HMeeT
npOBeAeHHaH
aTTeCTaUHH, AaAeKH OT COBepweHCTBa. BbIBaeT H TaR. 'TO
He
6aHKe.
PYKOBOAHTeAeU
rOArOTOBKY
BKAJOMaH
B
CyXgeCTBYIOI1HX
noTpe6HoCTeH,
o6beKTHBHblx
oUeHKoli
6aHKa.
HHKaK
o6y-ieHHe,
pa3pO3HeHHOC
HegeAeHanpaBAeHHoe,
orpaHHqeHHoe,
rpOBOAHTCH
npo6AeMoA
OCHOBHOH
MHoro BsamHOe
Kaa
paccmaTp4BaeTc
HBAHIOTCH
HaBbIKH
KorAa HeaAeKBaTHbie
awKe
MeponpHHTHe,
He
aTTeCTaUHH
CAy'iaAX
HeKOTOpbIX
HMeeTcH
aTrecTanHH
npaBHAbHOi
H
a(pceKTHBHOH
UpOBeAeHHH
nyHTH
Ha
pa6oTofi.
c
B
H
.seAeHi
p
npo4ecc
cyi1jeCTByiouHH H
npo4ecc
caM
yAbTaTe
HanpHMep,
Tpe6oBaTeAbHOCTH.
HHorAa
nOKa3aTb
XO'eT
He
PYKOBOAHTeAb
oKa3biBaeTcR
rpH6aBKe HaBbIKOB, nOTOMY MTO aTO, no ero MHeHHIO, MO2KeT npHBeCTH K MeHbuieUH
B 2KaAOBaHHH. ynpOCTHM
MbI
ECAH
OnpeACAHB
HHAHBHAYaAbHy1o
pa6o'ero
MecTa,
Mbl
COBepI1ueHCTBOBaHHH Heo6xoAHMocTH 'iTo
6
Mbi
aTTeCTaUHH,
HHAHBHAyaAbHOH
Ha
pa3AeAHM
H
Mo2meM
BbIAeAHTb
OAHY
rAaBHyIo
noTpe6HoCTb B BbIpa6OTKe HaBbIKOB,
Mo2KeM
HaBbIKOB,
q)OpMHpOBaHHA
o6ecnem'iTb
o6beKTHBHyIO
AAH KOAH'eCTBeHHOH
bI HageAHTb BCIO AeCTeAbHOCTb
no o6y'eHHIo
ee
geAb
npOBeAeHHH:
Heo6xoAHMbIx AAR AaHHOrO
OCHOBy
HHAHBHAYaAbHoro
AAH
OieHKH Tpe6yeMoro o6y"eHHH,
HH¢paCTPYKTypbl o6yqeHHR
npomecc
TpaAHUHOHHbiH
COCTaBAMIOUgHe
H flOArOTOBKH,
HCXOAH H3
a TaKHze AAR
H noAroTOBKe Ha peuleHHe
3aAaq
Toro,
BbICOKOH
npHOpHTeTHOCTH. KaK
MO2KeT
6bITb
opraHu3oBaH
npogecc
Bbi.IBAeHHe H OgeHKY Heo6xOAHMbIx HaBbIKOB?
HHAHBHAyaAbHOfi
aTTeCTaIHH,
HBgeAHHbIH
Ha
5AAH aToro HyMHO:
YcTaHoBHTh MeAb,. fJeAbiO aTTeCTaUHH RBAHCTCH onpeAeAeHme 6
nOTpe6HoCTH KamAOro
ero pa6OTbI B HacTosUqeM, ecAH pa6oTHHKa B COOTBeTCTBYIOUJHX HaBbIKaX AH o AAR AAR ero nocAeAylou4eii pa6oTbi, BTO nppOpHTeTHO AAR AaHHOrO pa6OTHHKa, AH6o
191
YAepeiueave pywoBqrocTaa o zROwueHme ICcrBCTAHTrAhHocTN Kr iepemeHam eCAH
OH HaMeteH
Ha
nOBbIlJleHHe,
wTo6
TaK
bI OH MOr npeAnpHHHTb AeHCTBHH, qTo6bi o6ecneqHTb COOTBeTCTBHe YPOBHIO Tpe6oBaHHH. *
Oupg4eAHmT,
KTo
yqaCTHHKa:
PYKOBOAHTeAb
npe4CTaBAeHHe
3
JpOBO,4HT aTTecTaJwo.
0 TOM,
aTreCTyeMOrO,
KaKHMH HaBbIKaMH
MOryT
AeCb
KOTOpbli
6
bITb
ABa
AOAmeH
KaKHe-TO
OCHOBHbIX
HMeTb
nOAHOC
AOA2KeH
BAaAeTb Ha AaHHoM pa6oeieM H KOTOpblHiAOA2KeH HMeTb nOAHoe npeACTaBAeHHe o noKa3aTeARx pa6oTbi aTTecTyeMoro, H caM aTTecTyeMbiH, KOTOpbIH Tome AOA2KeH HMeTb 'eTKoe HPeACTaBAeHHe O TOM, KaKHMH HaBblKaMH OH AOA2KeH BAaAeTb H B qeM MecTe pa6OTHHK,
3aKAio'aIOTcCH ero nOTpe6HOcTH B rIOAroTOBKe.
*
YCTaHOBHTh cTaHiapmbl aw aTTecTagUH. H
OTHOIIIeHHH
cTaHAapTa
*
1AH
OnpeAcAeHHOH
npH aTTecTagHH.
Tpe6oBaHHH K YPOBHIO 3HaHHH, HaBb1KOB
AOAMHOCTH
XopoLua3i
AOA2KHbl
AOA2KHOCTHaH
CAy2HHTb
OCHOBOH
AAR
HHCTpyKUIHR,
eCAH TaKOBaM HMeeTcR, MO2KeT 6blTb euje OAHHM KPHTCPHeM OgeHKH npH aTTeCTaMHH. OJpeeAH7Tb pe3yAbTaT a77CT8aNH. OCHOBHbIM pe3yAbTaToM aTTecTalHH 6yAeT onpeAeAeHHe nOTpe6HOCTefi B nOArOTOBKe aTTecTyeMoro. rlpaKTHqecKH TaKaH HAeHTH(PHKaIH5H MO2KeT KaCaTbCH BCCX noTpe6HOcTefi B nOArOTOBAeHHOCTH K 3aHHMaeMoHi pa6oTe. OnpeAeAHTb nepcneKTHBy AOArocpO'Hofi nporpaMMbI 06yqeHHR H o6o3HasHTb KOHKpeTHbie HaBbIKH, KOTOpbIMH AoAmeH oBAaAeTb pa6oTHHK B 6AHmaiiIuHe 12 mecqUeB. ApyrHM Ba2KHblM PC3yAbTaTOM 6 yAeT noArOTOBKa nAaHa, B KOTOpOM 6yAyT OnHCaHbl JlarH, npeAnPHHHMaeMbJe 4AH AApemeHHA KamAoro aTana yAOBAeTBOpeHIH
nOTpe6HOcTeH B o6y'ieHHH. HIocKOAbKy 6OAbmaA qaCTb nOArOTOBKH OCyJIeCTBAReTC.R Ha pa6OTe, Heo6xOAHMO BKAIOqHTb BO3MOKHOCTb HCriOAb3oBaHHR pa3HoO6pa3HbIX (OPM nOAroTOBKH H o6y'eHmH Ha pa6o'eM MeCTe, coqeTaIO1HXCH C caMoo6y"eHHeM H nepHOAH1UeCKHMH KypcaMH, KoTopbie AOA2KeH OKOH9HTb pa6oTHHK. 3 aKAio'eHHe o Heo6xoAHMbix HaBbIKaX, peKOMeHAyeMbiX (popMax 06y'eHHR H ?eAaeMbIX Pe3yAbTaTaX Mo2KeT 6bITb HanHcaHo Ha OAHOM AHCTKe 6yMarH.
*
07HCaTh
n'poge4ypy
arrecTagiNH. HOCKOAbKy npOBOARl_qHH aTTecTagHiO H aTTecTyeMbNfi pa6oTaloT BMeCTe B TeCeHHe roAa KaK HaqaAbHHK H n1OA4HHeHHblH H nIOCKOAbKy CTapIUHfi H3 HHX 6yAeT CaM npOBOAHTb KaKHe-TO (pOpMbi o6yqeHHR H noArOTOBKH nOAqHHeHHOrO, /HanpHMep, o6y'eHHe Ha pa6o'eM MeCTe, Bb[CKa3bIBaHHe KPHTHqeCKHX saMeaaHHfi no nOBOAY KaKoH-To pa6oTbl, BbiAa'a pa6oqero 3aAaHHR,
H T.A./ O4eHb Ba2KHO, 'To6bi OHH o6a npHUIAH K COrAaCH1O OTHOCHTeAbHO Heo6XOAHMOCTH COBepmieHCTBOBaHHH 3HaHHfi H HaBbIKOB aTTecTyemoro H rLAaHa AeiiCTBHHi B BTOM HanpaBAeHHH. HaAemHbiM cnoco6oM AOCTHmeHHR TaKoro COrAaCHR RBASIeTC.R HCI1OAb3OBaHHe aTTecTyemoro AAR CaMOOUeHKH CBOHX pe3yAbTaToB.
Hat1aAbHHK
npOBeAeT caMooMeHKy. COrAaCHIO
npeAAO2KHT
OHH 3aTeM
OTHOCHTeAbHO
CBOIO
OUeHKy
BcTpeTHTc.R,
aTTecTa]HH,
a
pa6oTHHKa.
IOA4IHHeHHblH
o6cyART pe3yAbTaTbI
3aTeM
BMecTe
H npHAYT K
pa3pa6oTamoT
nAaH
nOArOTOBKH H o6yqeHHH nOAIIHHeHHoro.
*
[Ipe,4CTaHTm Pe3-yAbT8aThr aT7eCTBgHJ H 1aHa8 PYKOBO,4CTBY AH A, aTrecTagiNo, a TaKe B oT4Ce pa3BNTfHR YeIAOBeYeCXHX peCypCOB. AOA2KeH
npoAyMaH
O3HaKOMHTbCfl H
aKKypaTHO
C
nAaHoM
H YAOCTOBePHTbC5I,
COCTaB"eH.
192
OTAeA
pa3BHTHH
qTO
OH
)IpOBO4RBJUeTO PyKoBoAHTeAb
6blA
qeAOBCe'eCKHX
TJlaTeAbHO pecypcOB
OcO6eHHOCTH
B
o6yMeHHe,
TaKoe
-ITO
yAOCTOBePHTbCB,
Bo-nepBblX,
3peHHn.
TO'ieK
pa3AH-IHbIX
C
nAaH
BTOT
H3yqHTb
AOA2KeH
Ha
npeAnPHHRTb
xapaKTepa
cMeHa
o6yeieHHe,
OTAeA
BTanaX
HaqaAbHbIX
KoTopbie
Bo-BTOpbIX, qT06b1 BbIAeAHTb Ae4CTBHR, B OTHOiIIeHHH nOArOTOBKH aTTecTyemoro /HanpHMep, pa6oTbI/, H, B-TpeTbHx, 'TO6bi, co6paB BCe TaKHe
npHHeceT o02HAaeMoe Ka'ecTBo. MomeT
B 6aHKe
B npOBeAeHHH o6y4eHrH nAaHbl nOArOTOBKH, OgeHHTb 06ngyio nOTpe6HOcTb H HaMeTHTb, KaK aTa nOTpe6HOCTb MomeT 6blTb peaAH3oBaHa. 3
AAR 6aHKa npH nOArOTOBKH MOryT 6blTb Ba2mHbIM HCTO'HHKOM HHq)OpMagHH nAaHOB pa3BHTHA HHq)paCTPYKTypbl o6yqeHH. H nOArOTOBKH COTpyAHHKOB.
TH IruaHbi
pa3pa6oTKe ero KaK
6aaHKa
KramNTaAa
Co.maHne qeAosevecxroro
OTAeA
TOAbKO
Heo6xoAHMo
pa3pa6OTaTb
KOHKpeTHbiX
npHMepOB, aToro
HCnOAb3OBaHHIO
npogecca
AOKYMCHTagH1o
6yAeT
Hy2KHO
3aTeM
HOCKOAbKy
npoaecca.
onpeAeAHT,
pecypcOB
H
nOArOTOBKH
nAaHbi
HHAHBHAYaAbHbie
noAy'eHHbie
HCUOAb3OBaTb
'ieAOBeqeCKHX
pa3BHTHT
OH
HecKOAbKO
H
npOCTa
AOCTaTOiHO
6yAeT
PYKOBOAHTCAeCH
AHHCiHbIX
a6yqHTb
co6HpaeTc.l
aTTeCTaUHH,
BKAio'aioueeH
aTTeCTa]gHH,
nporpamma
KaK
HMeeT
Heo6xOAHMbIM Ha pa6omeM MeCTe, BCe OTHOUIeHHe K HaBbiKaM, llpHMO CBH3aHHbIM C pa6OTOU, H H nOTOMy npoaeAypa nOArOTOBKH yqaCTHHKH npoUecca o6y'eHHH nOAy'aT nOAb3y, peaAH.3a!HH nAaHa AOAMHa 6bITb npOCTOM H npRMOA.
06yv'eHHeNH Jo4'FoBORKa B pa6o'Hx HaBbIKaX Ha Ka2KAOM /to CHx nop 6aHK HcnoAb3OBaA aHaAH3 nOTpe6HOCTeH HaBbiKOB H OTHOiIIeHHA, CBSi3aHHbIX KOHKpeTHO pa6omeM MeCTe Ami onpeAeAeHHH HeO6xOAHMblX npOBOAHAH HHAHBHAyaAbHyio arreCTagHio c Ka2KAbiM pa6oaHM MeCTOM B 6aHKe, PYKOBOAHTeAH rIOTpe6HOCTH B o6y'IeHHH H noArOTOBKe. CBOHX noAqHHeHHbIX H BbIHBARAH HX HHAHBHAYaAbHbie nOTpe6HOCTef B Heo6xOAHMbIx HaBbIKax OnmpaISCb Ha CBeAeHHR, nOAymeHHbIe B xoAe aHaAHsa nAaHOB COBepmeHCTBOBaHUH 6aHK Ha pa6oqeM MeCTe, a TaK2me Ha OCHOBaHHH HHAHBHAYaAbHbIX unOArOTOBKH. B HeKoTopbix o6yqeHHR H Mo2KeT Ha'IHHaTb nepecTpoHKy CBoeC HHcppacTpyKTypbi KaK yme ynOMHHaAOCb BblUle, MHOrHe 6aHKax Heo6xOAHMOCTb B TaKOM uware OqeHb BeAHKa. Hepa3BHTbie HH¢paCTpyKTypbi nOArOTOBKH H 6aHKH B pa3BHBaoigUHxcH CTpaHax HMeIOT KpaUHe HeO6xoAHMbix pa6o'Hx HaBbIKOB o6yqeHHA CBOHX pa6OTHHKoB, npH TOM, HTO HeaACKBaTHOCTb caMoe 6OAbmioe npenRTCTBHe AOCTH2KeHHIO HBAHeTCH npo6AeMofi HOMep OAHH, npeACTaBAiOuge4i 6aHKoB. 3HanHTeAbHoro COBepuIeHCTBOBaHHH noKa3aTeAeH pa6oTbl Mo2Ho
npoiecc,
yie6HbIif
COCTaBAIOiUjHx:
6 H 0 yqeHHSi B 6aHKe
nIOArOTOBKH
CKa3aTb, -ITO HH(ppaCTpyKTypa
pa6oqeM
Ha
o6yqeHHe
BKAIO'iaeT TPH ynpaBAeHHe
MecTe,
H3 BTHX HanpaBAeHUH (pOPMHPYeTCR TaKHM npO¢eCCHOHaAbHbIM pa3BHTHeM pa6oTHHKa. Ka2tAoe 6 6aHKa B o6AacTH pa3BHTHR Heo6xOAHMblx o6pa3oM, 'ITo bi COOTBeTCTBOBaTb nOTpe6HocTHM HaBbIKOB H pa3BHTUH AeAOBOI4 KyAbTypbl.
Yve6mbTi
npogecc.
6aHKa B o6AaCTH 6blTb
pa3pa6oTaHa
HanpaBAeHHH
B
OCHOBaHHeM
AAR pa3pa6OTKH y'e6Horo
U OpMHpOBaHHH 06 yqeHHR H o6pa3oM,
TaKHM
a6ymeHHUH
H
pOpMaAbHO
3aq)HKcHpoBaTb
o6y"aeMblx.
CAHUIKOM
oTO6bI
YacTo,
o6yqeHHe
'4To
193
K
AOAmHa
npIopHTeTbi
euMe 6OAee Ba2HO,
Heo6xOAHMO
3Ha'eHHe
npenoAaBaTeAeH-HaCTaBHHKOB OTHOCHTCH
HOAHTHKa
nOAHTHKa
H
noA0epKHBaAa
nO4rOTOBKe pa6OTHHKOB. nOAO2KeHHe
H npHHUHnoB.
geHHOCTeH oHa
npoUecca HBAHeTcH
q)yHKIHRM,
H
CAyllUaTeAeH-
UHMelOUIHM
HH3KyIO
YjrpeLIAeHNe
p7EOwOACTrm
COHaAbHY10 OgeHKy. 3
ypOBHR. cepbe3Ho
To
3
To MeCTO
iloApbIBaeT
K
o6yieHHIo,
npHBAeCeHHe
XOpOIUHX
Heo6xoAHMo AOCTHqb
moBmIeoHHe yJcrBCBHreAbHocrTH ft
N
OTCTOH
4AH He lpORBHBI1HX ce6s
a8)peKTHBHOCTb
PYKOBOAHTeAH
He CKAOHHbI
npenoAaBaTeAeH
paccmaTPHBaTb yqe6Hbie
nocTaBAeHHbIX
geAeH.
HHCTHTyUHoHaAH3HpoBaH,
TaK
o6y'eHHR
AAR
6aHKe.
OTnIYCKaTb
BbIlnOAHeHHH
pyKoBoAHTeAeii pa3Horo
O6yqaeMble Ha
BTOH
noTpe6HOcTeH
pyKOBOACTBO
H
B
3aAaqH
OTHOCRTCH
oqeHb
a
TPYAHO.
eCAH 6aHK HaMepeH
o6yqeHHH
yqe6Hbie
He
yqe6y noAqHHeHHbIX,
UeAH KaK OCHOBHbIe MeAH 6aHKa,
AHaAH3
qTo6bX
B
mepememaa
AoAmeH
noApa3AeAeHHH
B
6blTb 6aHKe
AOA2mHbIM o6pa3oM oUeHHBaAH Ba2KHOCTb yqe6HoH AeRTeAbHoCTH. Pa3pa6oTKa yqe6Horo nAaHa HBAHeTCH Ba2KHbiM uiaroM B opraiHsa!lHH o6yqeHHR B 6aHKe. CoAepmaHHe, rAy6HHa o6yqeHH. H qacToTa npoBOAHMbIX KypCOB A0A2KHbl onpeAeAHTb, HaCKOAbKo 6blcTpo 6aHKy yAaCTCH cnpaBHTbCB CO CTOJ1WHMH nepeA HHM sa4aQaMH. 3 To TaKme nomomeT OnpeAeAHTb o6'beM H 6ioAmeT AaHHOH (iYHKUHH B 6aHKe. AHaAH3 noTpe6HocTeHi B o6yceHHH H riAaHbl HHAHBHAyaAbHOrO pa3BHTHR rioKam2Ky IIIHpOKHfi CneKTp Hy2KA o6yqeHHH. Bce 3aaqH, CTOHRiHe nepeA BTHM CeKTOPOM He CMOryT 6blTb pelOeHbl B TeqeHHe OAHOrO, ABYX HAH
Aame
Tpex
AeT. Heo6xoAHMo 6y4eT YCTaHOBHTb npHopHTeTbl H c6aAaHcHpoBaTb noTpe6HoCTb B o6yqeHHH, npeAAaraemom B 6aHKe, C ApyrHMH 3aTpaTaMH 6aHKa. Moii onbIT roBOpHT, -ITO yqe6Hble HAaHbI H yqe6Hbie nporpaMMbI Bo MHOrHX 6aHKax HymAaxOTcH B 3HaqHTeAbHOM pacHlHpeHHH, a o6yqeHHe, npOBOAHMOe B paMKaX KypcoB B CaMOM 6aHKe, AOA2KHo 6bITb 3Ha'HTeAbHO HHTeHCHcpHgHpOBaHO. HiCTOIHHKOM HHtpOpMaUHH npH paspa6oTKe yqe6Hblx nporpaMM MoryT CAY2mHTb CBeAeHHJS, roAy"eHHbie B xoAe aHaAH3a noTpe6HocTeH H HHAHBHAYaAbHbie nAaHbI pa6OTHHKOB. HHme npHBOAHTCH xapaKTepHblii AAR 6aHKoB Pa3BHBa1OIHXCH cTpaH CnHCOK OTCYTCTBYOIMoHX HaBbIKOB, HMeCoIuHx B 6aHKe BbICOKY1O cTeneHb llpHOPHTeTHOCTH (CM. BCTaBKy
5.4).
Pa.3pa6oTKa
KypcoB,
npOBOAHMblx HenocpeACTBeHHO B 6aHKe - BTO HaBbIK, KOTOpblH Heo6xoAHMo pa3BHBaTb B caMoM 6aHKe. Pa3pa6oTqHKH TaKHX KYPCOB AOA2KHbi 6yAyT ogeHHTb BOMOfflHOCTb HCnOAb3OBaHHH Tex pa6OTHHKOB 6aHKa, KoTopbie o6AaAaIOT AocTaTo'HbIMU HaBbIKaMH 3 H 3HaHHHMH, qTO6bi npOBOAHTb o6yqeHHe. aTeM Heo6xoAHMo pa3pa6oTaTb Ao6poTHbIA HaAe2KHblH KypC, HCnOAD3y3 XOpOIllYIO TeXHOAOrHIO. A Bbi6op KypCOB, opraHH3yeMbIx
HAH
BcecTopoHHero nOMOUJbIO
nAaHa.
BHyTpH6aHKoBCKoro
3aHHMaeTcR AOA2KHbi
cyUeCTBYIOIJHX
yqe6Horo
pa3pa6oTKoH'
6blTb
He
npeAeAaMH
Bce
yqe6Hbie
o6yqeHHH,
yqe6Horo
BKAIO'eHbl
3a
BHelllHHe
c
nOMOlJbIO
npo.Uecca, KypCbl,
6aHKa
Heo6xOAHM
noTpe6HoCTH
AOAKHbI
MOryT
BHYTpeHHHX BblHCHHTb,
BHHMaTeAbHO
AAR 6blTb
pelmeHbl
peCypcoB. rAe
B
co3AaHHs
Te,
yqe6Hblii
C
KTO nAaH
H3yqHTb
HX C TOqKH 3peHHH B yqe6HoM nmaHe 6aHKOBCKoro nepcoHaAa H AoroBopHTbcR o6 Hx npoBeAeHHH. Bbi6op, ynpaBAeHHe KypcaMH o6yqeHHA H o6yqeHHe npenoAaBaTeAeH RBAReTCR rapaHTHeii ycnexa CTpaTerHH o6y'eHHR. BaHK o6H3aTeAbHo AOA2KeH HMeTb B CBoeM cocTaBe XOpOIUHX npenoAaBaTeAefi, KoTopbIe pa6oTaAH 6bM Ha nIoAHoH BO3MO2KHOCTH HCnOAb3OBaHHS
CTaBKe.
HCnOAb3OBaTb
AAR OCHOBHbIX
KypCOB.
HeKoTopble
Mx
Heo6xo4HMo
npenoAaBaTeAH AOA2KHbl fIpHrAallaTbCR Ha KoHTpaKTHOHi OCHOBe AAR BpeMeHHoro HcnOAb3OBaHHR no OMeHb CnlegaHAbHbIM npeCMmeTam H TeMaM. Ho OCHOBHaR Harpy3Ka npH o6y"eHHH AOAmHa naAaTb Ha AHHeHHbIx pyKoBoAHTeAefi H TeXHHqeCKHH nepcoHaA, HMeioLJHX AOCTaTOqHbie 3HaHHH H cnoco6HOCTH AeAaTb BTO. M4x Heo 6XOAHMO oT6HpaTb AAS aTofi UeAH H o6yqaTb npenoAaBaTeAbcKoMy HCKyCCTBy. 06y"eHHe
194
Cow,ja,Ne veAoseveciroro KazrITaAa 6iu,r
BCTaBKa HaBblKH,
5.4
HMeOiJHe HaHBblCUHfi IpHopiHTeT A4A
YnpaBi4eHvecKHe HaBbMMH *
rAaHHpoBaHHe;
*
nOCTaHOBKa geAeH;
*
MOHHTOpHHr H KOHTpOAb;
*
ynpaBAeHHe npOH3BOAHTeAbHOCTbIO;
*
ynpaBAeHHe 3aTpaTaMH;
*
6 BbI5BAeHHe npo AeM;
*
aHaAH3 H peuleHHe;
*
KOHTpOAb KaqeCTBa;
*
ynpaBAeHHe H3MeHeHHHMH.
ctlyHKgJOHaAbHbIe HaBbMKH *
ynpaBAeHHe aKTHBaMH H o603aTeAbCTBaMH;
*
KPeAHTHbIU aHaAH3;
*
MOHHTOpHHr KpeAHToB;
*
ynpaBAeHHe npO6AeMHbIMH KpeAHTaMH;
*
ayAHT;
*
HCnOAb3OBaHHe KOMnblOTepHOH TeXHHKH;
*
onepaUHOHHblI
*
ynpaBAeHHe 'ieAOB3eieCKHMH pecypcaMH;
*
ynpaBAeHqeCKiHH yqeT.
aHaAH3;
FI7pHfMHgUbr *
OpHeHTHPOBaHHOCTb Ha pe3yAbTaT;
*
6 OpHeHTHPOBaHHOCTb Ha nOAy'eHHe npH blAH;
*
OpHeHHPOBaHHOCTb Ha COBepIUeHCTBOBaHHe;
*
OpHeHTHpOBaHHOCTb Ha KAHeHTa;
*
aKTHBHOe pyKOBoACTBO;
*
OTKpbITOCTb o6u1eHHH;
*coBepueHCTBOBaHHe
nepCoHaAa;
*
KOHCTpyKTHBHaR KpHTHKa;
*
yMeHHe CnpaBARTbCR c npo6AeMaMH;
*
o6IbeKTHBHOCTb;
*
nlpHSHTHe BbICOKHX HOpMaTHBOB;
*
HHHUHaTHBa;
*
yyTKOCTb K
*
H3MeHeHH5IM;
npHHSTHe OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH.
195
pa6oTHHKOB 6aHKa
YrpeniAeCHe p,pwoBogcTAa
imoAwnreime vyBcTBoHreA.Hocrn ar aepemdeHam
AOA2HO
HanpaBA.9TbCH H ogeHHBaTbcR,
BaTbcH.
B
HOBbIMH
Tex
CAy'aHX,
OT6op
o6AaAaIOIIHMH
npenoAaBaTeAbcKoro
npOBOAHTbCR
Ha KOHKyPCHOH
me o6y"aeMblx
YMeHHR
KorAa aToro CAeAaTb He yAaeTCa,
ripenOAaBaTeAsMH,
nOArOTOBKa
HX neAarorHqecKHe
6oAee
COCTaBa
Hs3
qHCAa
C y3ieTOM
OCHOBe
OHH
BblCOKOH
AOA2lHbl AOA2Hbl
3aMeHeHbl
6blTb
CnOCo6HOCTeH
pyrOBOAHTeAeH
CaMHX
AOAmHbI
BTHX AJOAeH
Ha npHopHTeTHOCTH
R
OT6op
KOMneTeHTHOCTbiO.
AHHeHHbIX
Ha Kypcax AOA2meH OCHOBblBaTbC.1
COBepiIIeHCTBO-
y'HTbCR.
Hy2tA 6aHKa.
6
CAyuiaTeAH AOA2tHbi
bITb 3aHHTepecOBaHbl B nOAyqeHHH BbICOKHX Pe3yAbTaTOB npH o6yqeHHH, B BbICOKOH s4XfpeKTHBHOCTH npiOHAeHHb[X HMH KypCOB. AHAaKTH'ecKHe COBpeMeHHOH
MeTOAHKH
06Y'xeHHI9
AOA2fHbl
o6yqeHHfa.
OgeHKa
npo6AeM,
MeTOAbl
H
y'e6Hblii
o6yqeHH9
AAH
o6ecnelHBaTb
camoro
perHCTpHpyH
MaTepHaA nOBbiuiIeHHH
yAO6CTBa,
o6y'eHHA
AOA2tHbl
H
a4XIJeKTHBHOCTH
CnOCO6CTBOBaTb
o6y'iaeMblx
aqxpeKTHBHOCTb
CTPOHTbCH
o6yqeHHH
B
Ha
AOCTH2IeHHRX
o6y'eHH.R.
'yBCTBY
YCAOBHH
YAOBAeTBOPeHHH
AOA2KHa
OXBaTbIBaTb
nepByio
oqepeAb
IIIHpOKHH
KaK
OT Kpyr
BO3MO?KHOCTb
nepeHoca nOAy'eHHbIX 3HaHHH H npHo6peTeHHbIx HaBbIKOB Ha CBOIO pa6oTy. H4To6bl B BblCIIIeH CTeneHH
COOTBeTCTBOBaTb
nOCTaBAeHHbiM
MeA$1M,
6aHKOM
o6yuqeHHe
AOA2HO
nAaHHpOBaHHe, meTKyIO paqpa6oTKy npOBeACHHH H q(yHKUH1o rioAAepmKH,
BKAfOqaTb
TaK 'To6bI
K BTOMY
npHBAeKaACH OnbITHblIH nepCOHaA,
KOTOpblH MO2KeT nOKa3aTb, KaK Hy2KHO AeAaTb Ty HAH HHYIO TO, -ITO 6blAO cKa3aHO paHbllie, y"e6Hblfi OTA4A AOA2!eH HMeTb B CBOCM
H, nOBTOP3H
pa6oTy.
COCTaBe o6a3aTeAbHO TaAaHTAHBbIX H OnbITHbIX npenoAaBaTeAeHs, qTo6bi o6ecne'HTb BbICOKYIO HaAe2KHOCTb qpOpMHpOBaHHR y pa6OTHHKOB 6aHKa Heo 6 xOAHMbIx Bam2HblX AAR pa6oTbI HaBbIKOB. 06yYeHHe pa6o'qeM
Ha pa6ouem Mec7e.
MecTe.
OpraHH3OBaHHb1X
OopMaAbHOC KypCOB,
BOAbmaH 'aCTb
o6ymeHHe,
T.e.
o6y'eHHA
o6y'eHHe
B
mepe3
6aHKe
ocyI4ecTBAHeTcq
UlHpOKylO
CeTb
Ha
CnegHaAbHO
OXBaTbIBaeT
UlHpOKUH Kpyr waAat, BbinOAH9eT BamHYIO pOAb, HO o6yqeHHe Ha pa6oqeM MecTe cpaKTH'IeCKH npeACTaBAReT Ty 'iaCTb o6yqeHH.9, BO BpeMH KOTOpOrO npOHcxOAHT YCBoeHHe noAyqeHHbIX SHaHHH, HCnOAb3OBaHHe nOAy'eHHbIX 3HaHHH B npoUecce pa6oTbI, HMeHHO TyT OHH OTTaqHBalOTCH, yrAy6ARIOTC.9 H paCWIHPsIOTCR. MHorHe HaBbIKH, pa3yMeeTcH,
H He MoryT 6blTb
iepeAaHbl
BO BpeMR q)opMaAbHbJX KypCOB,
K TOMY 2Ke Hy2KHo blTb rOTOBbIM, qTO He BCe cAym2KaHe CMOryT noceigaTb KypCbl. Xopouiee BAaAeHHCe npHeMaMH o6yqeHHR Ha pa6oqeM MeCTe RBAReTTCR BamHbiM CpeACTBOM paCnpOCTpaHeHHM 3HaHHH B A106oM 6
6aHKe. 'qTo6bl
Ei4e
6oAee BamHbiM
pa6OTHHKH
3aHHTcpecoBaHbI
XOTeAH
npeACTaBAHeTCR y"HTbC.9
o6ecneCHTb
Ha
HM TaKy1o
HHTepecax, HO K co2KaAeHHIo,
co3AaHHe
pa6o'ieM
TaKOH KyAbTypbl
MecTe,
BO3MO2KHOCTb.
'ITo6bi
TaKoHi
Ha npOH3BOACTBe,
PYKOBOAHTeAH
noAxoA
6blA
6
bl
B
6
blAH
6
o IgHX
MHOrHe 6aHKH B pa3BHBaiOu4HXCx CTpaHaX He MoryT noxBaCTaTb
HaAHqHeM TaKOH KyAbTypbl.
B
o6y'eHHH
rIPOBOAHT
Ha
pa6o'leM
HHAHBHAYaAbHYIO
KBaAHCPHKa]HH
AAR
MeCTe
OgeHKY /aTTecTaUHio/
Ka2KAoro
pa6oTHHxa,
o6y'eHH.q Ha pa6o'xeM MecTe. A nOAqHHeHHOrO,
qTo6bI,
BbinOAHHH
3
3aAeHCTBOBaHbI
HrpaeT
CTOpOHbI.
caMyio
Ba2KHyio
TOH geAH OH pa3pa6aTblBaeT HX,
MO2KHO
OTCYTCTBY1OUgHe noKa HaBbIKH nOAqHHeHHOrO.
196
PyKoBoAHTeAb,
KOTOpblH
H nomoraeT COCTaBHTb nAaH nOBbiiIIeHHR
6blAo
6bl
pOAb
B
opraHH34agHH
TaKHe 3AaHHH AAR cBoero
o6paTHTb
oco6oe
BHHMaHHe
Ha
CoaxaHae qeAoDevecjroro ilzNrraAa 6aoca
3
AeCb
qepe3
BTO
KaKt
saMe9aHHe
OH MO2KeT
cBoero poAa TPCHep.
KaK
HaCTaBHHK,
pa6oTblm,
BbInOAHeHHSI
3aMeCaHHe no nOBOAY xapaKTepa
CAeAaTb KpHTH'eCKOe AaAee, H
BbiCTynaeT
pyKOBOAWTeAb
qOpMbl H TaK
HHy1O noKa3aTb nOA4HHeHHOMy, KaK HY2KHO BbinOAHHTb Ty HAH
pa6oTy. KOTOpb1e
PyKoBoAHTeAH, Onb1Ta
H
3HaHHH
BToro
npo,ecca
o6AacTH.
KOHKpCTHOH
9
KcnepTy
pa6OTHHK
8TO
6
no npOCb e
nOMOH_b
pa6OTe no COBepuiIeHCTBoBaHH1O BpeMeHH
MHOrO
CnelHaAbHOMY BTOpbiM
eCTecTBeHHo.
BbIXOAHT
CneHgHaAHCT
nOApa3AeAeHHR,
nOpyqHTb
MOMHO npOCTO
oKa3biBaTb
OH Mo2KeT
pa6oTHHKoB,
HHX
Y
saAaHHH.
RBAReTCH
nOCBHiulaOT
He
nO4IHHeHHbIX,
o6yqaioUJHx
TaKHX
o6AyMbiBaHH[o t y aCTHHKOM
CBOHX
B nOCTORHHOM
3aHHTepecoBaHbl
HHCTpyKTam2 pa6OTHHKOB
B
AaHHOH
H o6yqeHHe
HOBbIX
HAH npOCTO
MOmeT
Bonpocy. npHCYTCTBOBaTb H npHHHMaTb yMaCTHe B AHCKyCCHH no KOHKpeTHOMy KOTOpblH Hy2KAaeTCH B KOHKPCTHOH nOArOTOBKe. B o6yMeHHH, OT ero 2KeAaHHH, KOHeqHOM HTore, HMeHHO OT Hero 3aBHCHT ycnex H pe3yAbTaT eCAH 0 cBoeM o6pa3o&axHH crioco6HocTH H HacToHqHBoCTH. FOBaTOMy 6oAee npaBHAbHo, AAR aToro Bo3Mo2KHOCTH 6aHKa. 6ecnoKoRTca CaMH pa6oTHHKH, HCnOAb3yH BCe CYUCCTBYIOIHe 6 TaK H npOCb y BbiCKa3aTb BO3MOmKHOCTH MOryT BKAio0aTb KaK y"aCTHe B Kypcax H CeMHHapaX, y'aCTHHK - BTo CaM pa6oTHHK,
TpCTHHi
y CTapiuero BCe, eero Tbl He KpHTH'iecKHe 3aMexiaHHH no cBoeH pa6oTe H rOTOBHOCTb CnpOCHTb BMeCTe co CBOHM PYKOBoAHTeAem 3Haellb no pa6oTe. ECAH pa6OTHHK HMeeT pa3pa6OTaHHyIo nporpammy nOArOTOBKH, TO OH MO2KeT
l}pORBHTb aKTHBHOCTb
CaM.
OH
CaM AOA2KeH AO6HBaTbCa
ypOBHH B pe3yAbTaTe BToro. BO3MO2KHOCTH peaAH3RaHH CBoero nAaHa, H nOBbImeHHH cBoero
YnpaaAeHHe Kapbepoi pa6oTHHxa 14BHweHne Ho cAym6e/. peaAH3yeTCH
nOArOTOBKH 6aHKa
3a
BCIO
CBOIO
HenOCpeACTBeHHO
2KH3Hb
3aHHMalOT
Ha pa6o'eM CHAbi
OT
MCCTe,
nOCKOAbKY
6OAblulaH qaCTb
H 6oAbLuHHCTBO
5-6 AOA2KHOCTeH,
Ka8AaA
pa6oTHHKoB
AOA2HOCTb
pa6OTHHKa. C nOMOUIJblO CTaHOBHTCH1 Mpe3BblqaHHO Ba2KHoH cTyneHb1O pa3BHTHq H nOArOTOBKH HHTepecbi pa6oTHHKa H 6aHKa, ynpaBAeHH.I KapbepoH pa6oTHHKa Mo2KHO a8xpeKTHBHO COqeTaTb 6 KorAa Ha KamAoM pa6oqeM MeCTe B 6aHKe HaXOAHTcR noAo?meHHR, Ao HTbCR 'To6bl 6aHKa Heo6xoAHMo HMeTb BbICOKOKBaAHcPHUHpOBaHHblH pa6oTHHK. HanpHMep, B oTAeAeHHH BKAIOqaH ynpaBACHHe KpcAHTaMH, KBaAHqpHUHpOBaHHbIX pa6OTHHKOB Ha Ka2AOH AOAMHOCTH, aAMHHHCTPHPOBaHHe H KOHTpOAb BKKayTHHHr, onepalHH, KAHeHTOB, o6CAymHBaHHe npH BTOM HaM Heo6xOAHMo HMCTb xopomuo nOArOTOBAeHHOrO PYKOBOAHTeAH pa6oTHHKOB Ha oTAeAeHH9. H BCe aTH AOAMHOCTH MOryT 6blTb 3aHTrbl OAHHM H
/opraHH3aUHR/. 6aHKoBcKoro
Kapbepbl, noKa OH CTaHeT PYKOBOAHTeAeM OTAeAeHHH.
npoTH2eHHH ero pa6oqeHi YnpaBAeHHe nocTapaemcH
KapbepoHi
ynpaBAHTb
YAo6Hee nO8TOMY
MO2KeT ripeBpaTHTbCH MHorHMH
Ha'HHaTb
acneKTaMH
B '1Pe3Bb1laHHO CAO2KHbiH npoIecc, eCAH Mbl 6 yAyHgeM. 2rH3HH pa6oTHHKa B oTAaAeHHOM
o6y'eHHe C YPOBHH PYKOBOAHTeAA
H BeAyuero
cne1HaAHCTa
B
AOA2KHOCTMM, no KOHKpeTHOH o6AaCTH, a 3aTeM CnYCKaTbCR HH2Ke, K KOHKpeTHb1M npOABH2eHHeM no cAym6e Mepe TOrO KaK ACHee CTaHOBRTCR geAH H 3aAaqH ynpaBAeHHR 6 pa oTHHKa Ha nepHoA, KOHKpeTHoro pa6OTHHKa. 4LAS Ha'aAa MO0KHO nAaHHpOBaTb 6yAyuJee OH 3afiMeT nepe3 TpH roAa. CKameM, B TpH roAa H rOTOBHTb ero K TOMy nOAo2KeHHIO, KOTopoe KaKOH-To
BOT
HeKOTOPbie
nAaHHPYeTCH
nepeBoA
XaPaKTcpHCTHKH cAyŽmaiierO
YnPaBAeHHH
B ApyroHi oTAeA,
197
Kapbepofi Heo6xoAHMO
CAy2Kalero:
/1/
yAOCTOBepHTbCR,
KorAa WTO
BTO
YirpeAemme
pyroBogerCTa F mORhIbueICHe IyzCTRIITeAbhHOCTI
K JepeYenamh
AorHqecKoe pemeHHe H qTO OHO llpHHHTO B HHTepecax cAymaujero, /2/ nraHHpyiTe 3apaHee, KorAa Ayquie scero rOTOBHTb pa6oTHHKa K BbInOAHeHHIO o 6 JIHX HlHpOKHX HAH CnHegHcHteCKHX KOHKpeTHbIX
/3/
3aAaHHH
pyKoBOAHTeAb,
onpeAeAHTe
OCHOBHOH
xaparTep
OnbITa,
B
Hy2mAaeTCR
KOTOPOM
TaKOH KaK meHeeA2ep no KpeAHTaM,
ynpaBAHJOlIHH onepagHOHHbJMH cAym6aMH, PYKOBOAHTeAb OTAeAeHHH 6aHKa, PYKOBOAHTeAb cpeAHero H 6oAee BbICOKorO 3BeHa B rAaBHOM ynpaBAeHHH 6aHKa H pa3pa6oTaATe 3aAaHHA AAH nOTeHUHaAbHbIx KaHAHAaTOB Ha aTH AOA2KHOCTH, qTo6bi OHH MOrAH Ha6paTbCA onbiTa, /4/ onpeAeAHTe, KaK AOAro B cpeAHeM pa6oTHHK AOA2KeH HaXOAHTbCH Ha OAHOH AOA2tHOCTH, 'ITo 6 bi xopomo OBAaAeTb CBOeH pa6oToA. ECAH BbI BHAHTe, qTO KaKoH-To cnoco6HblH pa6oTHHK OCBOHA onpeAeAeHHyio pa6oTy cKopee, nepeABHraHTe ero Ha HOBbIH YPOBeHb o6ymeHH3, MTo6bi OH MOr oBAaAeTb HaBbiKaMH 6oAee BbJCOKOrO YpOBHH.
PaUBHTHe HHC7TNTM0HaAbHOO
KIAbThpTbr
B HataAe rAaBbi MbI onpeAeAHAH nOHHTHe "pa6oqaiH KyAbTypa H CKa3aAH, qTO OHa HMeeT 6oAbuloe BAHHHHe Ha nOBeAeHHe PyKOBOAHTeAeH H COTPYAHHKOB, T.e. Ha nOKa3aTeAH pa6oTbx yqpe2AeHH51. KyAbTypa npOH3BOACTBa, He cnoco6CTBylou4aH npOH3BOAHTeAbHOCTH, riOAaBAReT HHH4HaTHBy, CHH2KaeT pe3yAbTaTbi pa6oTbl, TOpM03HT AeqTeAbHOCTb, HanpaBAeHHYIO Ha COBepIIIeHCTBOBaHHe o6ylxeHHe
AA.1
nAaHHPOBaHHe 6yAeT,
HAH,
6yMa2HOil
pa6OTbI.
HanpHMep,
PyKOBOAHTeAeH
eige
xyme,
onepagHeH,
He
Mo2KeM
OnepaTHBHOro
paccMaTPHBaeTCH MTO
Mbi
KaK
He4TO
o6ecne'HTb
nAaHHpOBaHHH,
He o6a3aTeAbHoe,
nAaHHPOBaHHe
OKa3bIBalOigeHi
M02KCT
Ha
meHeAmep
3aHMaMH,
HO
MOmKeT
eCAH
BCH
ynpa2KHeHHeM
B
KyAbTypa
He
npOBeAH
npHBeTCTBYeT 6
He
6lopoKpaTHH,
pa6oTbl
6aHKa.
HaM He nOAxOAHT".
aKTHBHOCTH
H
xyAbType
HM HHKTO
BAaAeTb cpeACTBaMH H HMeTb HaBbIKH ynpaBAeHHR
KpeAHToB, HH cpeACTBa, HH HaBbIKH He BaHKH, KOTOpbIe
MexaHH3Mbl
AaHHOH
pe3yAbTaTbi
PYKOBOAHTeAeH riOTOM 6yAyT OCHOBaHHe cKa3aTb: "HAaHHPOBaHHe TaK2Ke,
B
H 3aHHMaTbCH
CTaTb
BAHHHHe
HaAemKHbie HO
Y
TO'HO
npo6AeMHbIMH
B OTHOlueHHH
aTOrO
THnIa
yAyT HCnOAb3OBaHbi nOAHOCTbIO.
TI4aTeAbHY!O
OgeHKY cBOeH AeAOBOH KyAbTypbl H o6Hapy2KHAH,
MTO OHa OTPHUaTeAbHO
CKa3blBaeTCR Ha pa6OTe 6aHKa, y6eAHAHCb, qTO Heo6xoAHMbx aKTHBHbIe OTKa3aTbCH OT CTapOH npaKTHKH H cOsAaTb HOByIO KyAbTypy, KOTOPaH nO3BOAHAa 6 bi peaAH3OBaTb 3aAaqH 6aHKa H ero cTpaTerHio. Ho H3MeHHTb KyAbTypy y'qpemAeHHSI COBceM MepbI 'To6bI
He
npoCTO.
Cyu4ecTByiougaR
AeCHTHAeTHH,
H
BO3Harpa?KAeHHH, HOpMaTHBaM
B
pyKOBOAHTeAaMH,
OHa
nOCTOSHHO
Ha'iaAe
pa6oTe,
CTHA1O
KAHeHTaMH,
YCHAHBaeTCq
cBoez Kapbepbi. Ho 6aHKOBCKOfi
npoAyKToM 6AaroAap3i
cHcTeMe
ynpaBAeHHHs,
pa3BHTHR
Ha CaMbie
HH31I1He
BoAee
Ha pa6oTy 3HaKOMRTCH
no mepe Toro,
OHH Ha6HpaloTcA OnbITa,
KyAbTypbl.
BcKope
OHH
caMH
cHcTeMe
AeMOHCTpHpyeMbIM TOrO,
eCAH
6aHK
nOCTbl, a pa6oTaloT AIOAH B
BHOBb npHUHeAiuHe KaK
npoTm2KeHHH
nporpammam o6y'eHRH,
e2KeAHeBHO
OpraHH3agHHMH.
Ha
q)aKTopaM:
MHorHM
aTTecTaUHH,
npHMepaM,
rocyAapCTBeHHbIMH
CO CTOpOHbl TOAbKO
BCIO CBOIO 2H3Hb,
MeHHOCTH
RBAHeTCH
CHCTeMe 3apa6oTHoA nAaTbI,
IpHHHMaeT pa6OTHHKOB 6aHKe
KyAbTypa
CTaHOBqTCH
C KyAbTypOA
B CaMOM
yKpenAH1OTCH B HHX H
yqHTeARMH,
HOCHTIASIMH
AaHHOH KyAbTypbI H nepeAaloT ee HOBOMy noKoAeHHIO.
Ho
MO2KeT
H
MeHRTbCB,
TO'IHO
HepeMeHbl
B
KyAbType,
OAHaKo,
KyAbTypa
paBBHBaAaCb.
TaK
198
He
2Ke,
KaK
HBAHIOTCH
OHa
KOrAa-TO
CKAaAbIBaAaCb
HeH36e2KHbiMH,
KaK
H
nOAararOT
Co.maan,e qeAoaevecx^oro *aHrNTaAa 6agau
pyKOBOAHTeAH.
HeKOTOpbIe
HH
BHAeA
He
KyAbTypbl:
He
rAe
CTpaHbI,
pa3BHBaiOUjeCRc
OAHOH
lIpOH3BOACTBeHHOH
yCnleUlHOH
npHMepoB
6bl
CyUeCCTBOBaAo
51
AeCSrMH
H BHACA
OTAeAbHbIX KpeCTbHH H pbx6aKoB, npHMCPOB TaKoH KyAbTypbi Ha Hc6OAbMUHx npeAnpHSITHAx, y comaAeHHIO, MHOrHe 6aHKH , BHAHMO, ULAH B npeAnIpHHTHHX. H Ha 6oAbllHx
HanpaBAeHHH,
APYrOM
CHAbHbIM
xapaKTepH3OBaAOcb
KOTOpOe
npoulAoe,
HacAeAHR,
MOHOnOAHCTHqecKo-6iopoKpaTH'ecKorO
H3-3a
HaBepHoe B
KOPHRMH
YXOAH4R4rO
K
npOMbblAeHHblX
KOHTPOAeM,
npHqHHaM. HeKOMMep'C-CKHM noAxoAoM, a MOmmT 6blTb H no ApyrHM TPYAOBoH ee
CyujeCTByiOjeH iKyAbTypbl,
HHTepBblO
H YCTOHqHBOCTH.
pa3BHTHR
nOAOm2HTeAbHOH
B Co3AaHHH
BCeMH
nOHHMaHHe
nOAHOe
CIHTaTb
muarom
HqaMAbHbIM
BamHbIM
C
H
AyMalOiUHMH
HCTOpHH,
OTKpblTbiMH
CAeAyer
KyAbTypbl
npH'iHH
pyKOBOAHTeARMH
ee H
MOryT nOMOtIb BCKPblTb teiTKytO pHAOBbIMH pa6OTHHKaMH, o6cymAeHHH B He6OAbUlHx rpynnax BO MHeHHRX no nOBOAy BAESHHHR rapTHHY Cy1JeCTBy1ouoeH KyAbTypbl. A\KAH MOrYT PaCXOAHTbCR aTH MO0HO BbiAeAHTb AOBOAbHO pa3AHtiHbix alKTOpOB Ha ee MH3HeCTOHfKOCTb, HO H cPaKTopbl rAe Mbl HaxOAHMCH H KaK Mbl TyT OCO3Haem, TOAbKO TorAa, KorAa Mbi 'eTKO 'eTKO. oKa3aAHCb, Mbl MOmem HaqHHaTb CO3AaBaTb HOBYIO KyAbTypy.
6
XOTeAH
muarom
nepBbIM
Ba2KHbIM
B
KOTOPYIO
KyAbTypbl,
onpeAeAeHHe
HBAReTCH
ee co3AaHHH
Mbl
6aHK? He cyujeCTByeT TaKoHi BeCH, Ka oTAHMamITCH Apyr OT Apyra, H 6aHKH B aTHX
bl pa3BHTb: KaKylo KyAbTypy xoteT HMeTb flpaBHAbHaH IKyAbTypa. CTpaHbi
YHHBepCaAbHO CTpaHaX
OTpHlaTeAbHb1e,
TaK H
UOAO2KHTeAbHbie
ITnpHBeACHbI
t THnH HbIe
OnpeAeAHTb BCKpOeT
KOTOpbHi
KyAbTypbl,
CBOIO KaK
MO2KeT
5.5).
KamAbii
flpHMepbl.
AOA2KCH
CyI1eCTBy1OUeeH
xapaKTepHCTHKH
o6ecne'rHTb XOpOIIHH nfAalAapM AAA pa6oTbl (CM. BCTaBKy Bblue
6aHK
KyAbTypbl,
Cyu eCTByiolieH
AHaAH3
KyAbTypy.
co6cTBeHHyio
IloaTOMy KamAbiH
MeCKAy co6ofi.
pa3AH!alo'rc
6aHK
HMecT
CBOH
co6CTBeHHbie
Ha 3aAa4H KyAb'rypbl, KOTOpbIe MoryT oKasaTbcI
xapaKTePHCTHKH H CBOH co6CTBeHHblH B3rAHA
AeHCTBCHHbIM CpeACTBOM AAR OCyIqCCTBAeHHR CO6CTBeHHOfi
CTpaTerHH B KOHKPeTHbIX YCAOBHSX
cBoero yqpe2KAeHHR. IIoCAe onpeAeAeHHH npoH3BOACTBCHHoH CAeAy!oujHe
CCMb
pbaliarOB
MOryr
KyAbTypbl BCTaeT HOBa8s BHeAPCHHIO
rlOMOtib
H
3aaqia: KaK ee co3AaTb?
pa3BHTHB o
npoH3BOACTBeHHOH
KyAbTypbl: 3aXOTeTb
H3MeHHTb
Ae4HCTBHTCAbHO
3Ha!HMoe
Co3,4aJire memaHme ocy-gecTmimr nepeMeHbl. AIOAH AOA2lHbi CBOH
B3rAH4bl
H CBoe
noBeAeHHe,
x!To6bi
npoHH3oulAo
H3MeHeHHe.
*
Coo6fJfNew,
K&aKHe
HSMCHeeHNH
4oARlwbJ
17pOH30TW
H
17o0eMy.
A!O4H
AOA2KHbl
6 OTK&aSaTbCA H K 'ieMy ySHaTb, MTO HM HeO xOAHMO H.MeHHTb, OT 'lero OHH AOA2HbI
OHH AOA2KHbI npHATH H noeMey.
Fpeo6pa3yThe, I
HeCHrpdAM3yJhT
HAM
y6epare gpemnc rNm. MHorHe npaKTH'iCCKHe
onepalHH, npaBHAa, CHCTeMbl, npoleAypbl, AIOAH H T.A. COBAaAH cy3ugeCTBYIOULMnO onpeAeAHTb, o6paTwrb KyAbTypy H npOAOA2oaNoT ee nOAAepmHBaTb. Mx Heo6xoAHMo B CBOIO Bepy HAH HeHTpaAH3OBaTb HAH y6paTb.
199
Yxpeiuewi'e pyroaOACTAR
H
'YB173
noArbiireHe
BCTaBKa
AHaAHB cyujecTByuouje'
EcAH
Hamaa
5.5
paBpa6oTKa
HOBOH KYAbTyp1
l pa6oTi
gmezeAbHiocrb He HpHoocerpeByfAraToB...
BHHMaHHe K caMOH DaHKHp
H
HeAbHOCTN A' nepeM,eHaa
AeHTTeAbHOCTH
- IKOpOAb"
oAACepmHBaTb cTaTyC KBO HHKaKHx JCeAeH, HHKaKHX HOpMaTHBOB CAeAaHO H 3aKOHqeHO BepHTb H3BHHeHHHM H npOi4aTb oiuH6KH TecHoe o6iMeHHe HrHopHpoBaHHe upo6AeM PyKoaoBOHTeAH He o6y'ialoT COTpyAHHKOB HPOABH2meHHC no BoSpacTy OAHoBpeMeHHaA
npH6aBKa AAH Bcex
HaKa3aHHe CHAbHce qleM Bo3Harpa2AeHHe PyIKoBoAHTeAb cToHT oco6HHKom HpH6blAbHOCTb Ha ypOBHe Bcero 6aHKa
... TO
wyAhTypa,
w
KOTOPON MM.. CT
pAMfMC fr oAMa
1o70MrarbcTr
HaTRN
IIpOTBNOHO.IOAHOe BHHMaHHe K pe3yAbTaTaM AeRTeAbHOCTH KAHeHT - KOpOAb MeH.HTbcH H COBpluieHCTBOBaTbCA YnpaBAeHHe UeARMH H HOPMaTHBaMH HCnOAb3yHi
pC3YAbTaTbJ CAeAaHHOrO
HoAqepKHBaTb AHqHyIO OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a pe3yAbTaT OTKpbITOe o6ueHHe OmHAaHHe H peuCeHHe npo6AeM O6,IsaHHocTb pYKOBOAHTeAR B o6yqeHHH HPOABHmeHHe no cnoco6HocTmM OnAaTa 3a npoAeAaHHyio pa6oTy BosHarpa2mAeHHe CHAbHee HaKasaHHR AKTHBHbIH pyKoBOAHTeAb,
npHHHMalOIIHH
y'aCTHe BO BceH AeHTeAbHOCTH 6aHKa YnpaBAeHHe npH6bIAbHOCTbIO noApa3AeAeHH.I
*
06ecuevbre cJegHAaAbhIi
I
o0epwKy co,4aHHwo 97109 HoBO9 KyAb7yphr.
HaM
Heo6XOAHMO H3blCKHBaTb HOBbIe rIyTH, HOBbIe cpeACTBa, HOBbie nOAXOAbi AAS TOrO, qTO6 bi CAOMaTb cygeCTBylogyIo npaKTHKy, npopBaTbcsl Yepe3 cTapoe nOBeAeHHe H o6ecneHrrb H nlOAAep2HBaTb H3MeHeHHR, HaMeqeHHbie KaK MeAH HOBOH KyAbTypbl.
*
Carellrne 4eicrBOBamb.
H3MeHeHHH B KyAbType He HacTySIT
6e3 pyKOBOACTBa H
aKTHBHbIX AeHCTBHH. Heo6XOAHMO npeACIPHHHMaTb KOHKpeTHbIe emeAHeBHbie
200
IHlarl,
Coa4amme qeAoaeqecjroro xaoNwTaAa 6awrca BpeMR
B KyAbType B Hy2HOM TeMne, B HymHoe
aTH H3MeHeHHR
qTo6bl BbL3BaTb
B
a
Hym2HOM HanpaBAeHHH.
.4mHaMWHOH.
fiporpammy
fIoa4epwmBame
*
IpOH3BOACTBeHHOA KyAbTypbl,
HanpaBAeHHOCTb B TaKOa o6AacTH KaK q)OpMHpOBaHHe
Ha3aA, He AOCTHrHYB geAH. HoarTomy oqeHb BamKHO
HMelOT TeHAegHUHO CKaTb1BaTbCR
K
MepbI
npHHHMaTb
H
pe3yAbTaTaMH
H
AeHCTBHRMH
ynpaBASiTb
AOArOCPOqHY1O
HMelOUgHe
YCHAHB,
HcnpaBAeHH1O
6
TaM H TOrAa rAe aTO HeO XOAHMO.
noAo2KeHHH,
HOCTOJIHH0 yKpeILirHTe HpHBCpnYCHHOCTh pKwoBo,4CTB
*
AOA2KHO
PYKOBOACTBO
cepbe3Ho.
AOCTaTO'IHO
aTy CBOio cepbe3HOCTb
HarABAHO
AH-HblM
H nOKa3bIBaTb
AIO4 U
He
H
Hx
6aHKa
BTOMY
K
OTHOCHTCH
He
nOApa3AeACHHH
B
PYKOBOACTBO
HenOCPeACTBeHHoe
PYKOBOACTBO
cTapmiiee
MTO
BHABT,
OHH
eCAH
MeHxTbCR,
CTaHyT
nepemeH
g4ee
HMeHHo
AeMOHCTPHPOBaTb
npHMepoM 3aHHTepecoBaHHOCTb
B
nepeMeHax.
B
HHCTpyMeHTbi:
KOMMYHHKagHH
o6cymAeHHa,
BHAHMbie,
KOHKpeTHbie nepeBOAbl,
npoABHmeHHs,
aTTecTagHH,
Ha pa3HbIX YPOBHHX AeHCTBHB,
AeMOHCTPHpy1OUgHe
o6yLeHae,
npHMO
KyAbTypbl, pa3BHTHe KapbepbI pa6oTHHKoB,
H3MeHeHHR
TaKHX
nIOAAep2KKH,
HAH HMeCouHe cBoeH geAbIo
Ha
AOAMHOCTHbie qpyHKgaH H
CHCTeM
pa3pa6oTKa
KaqeCTBa,
Kpym2KH
MepOnpHITHH,
H3MeHeHHH,
perHcTpHpyIoIiHe
Ay'me BcerO
H
yKperlAeHHe AOCTHrHyTOrO.
BHHMaHHe K KOHKpeTHblM aCneKTaM HOBOU KyAbTypbl,
ripHBAeMb
MeponpaH.THs9,
CnegHaAbHbie
HageAeHHoe
HanpaBAeHHbie Ha AOCTH2KeHHe KaKoro-TO KOHKpeTHOrO pe3yAbTaTa
KaMnaHHH,
e2KeMeCfqHbie
KyAbTypy,
HOBYIO
KOCBeHHO
rAaHHpOBaHHe,
pa3pa6OTKa
H
3aAati
noCTaHOBKa
KaK
HAH
opraHH3aMHR,
pemleHHiH,
npHHSTHe
AeAerHpOBaHHe,
o6R3aHHocTH,
rpynnbi
caMoHlnporpaMMbi,
nOMOUbIO
C
MHOrO'iHCAeHHbie
HCIIOAb3ylOTCH
KIyAbTypbI
H3MeHeHHH
HpOrpaMMbi
peaAH3a1HH
xoAe
MoHHTopHHr,
H
KorAa
C pyKOBOAHTeAeC.
BTOT npogecc
HaqaTb
CBH3b
o6paTHaR
CAeAylOT HX npHMepy. H eCAH pyKOBOAHTeAH AeMOHCTPHPYIOT HOBYIO KyAbTypy, Hx pa6oTHaKH nepeMeH He KyAbTypy 6espa3AHqHo, PYKOBOAHTeAH OTHOCHTCH K yCHAHSIM BHeAPHTb HOByIO npOH30HAeT. Mo2KHo
geAeHi
noJAep2KKoK
BOBAeCieHHOCTH
yqacTHe
H cTpaTerHH
B BTO
o6bSIcHeHHH
peUHMOCTb CAeAoBaTb HM
TBePAMa
ypoBeHb 6aHKa, He
Ka4ecTBa
pa6oTHHKoB pa6onero
'ieAoBeKa. nOBbiUieHHR
AOCTH2KeHHH
H
AeRCTBHR
H
nporpamm
HH
HSMeHHTb liOBTOMy
B
CO
CTOpOHbl
yHHKaAbHOH
BO3MOmHOCTbIO
a
noAroToBKa,
ocyUJeCTBABeMbie
O6yqeHHe
npoH3BOAHTeAbHOCTH,
HH
cnoco6HocTei
o6AacTSx,
rAe
KaqeCTBa
nOAHHTb
qBABeTCA
coBepmICeHCTBOBaHHIO HaBbIKOB
YPOBHH
Tex
Ha OCHOBe HX CnoCo6HocTeO
roAAeKTHBa.
6yAyT cnoco6cTBoBaTb
cMoryT
aKTHBHoe
Tex nop, noKa HoBaHi KyAbTypa He CTaHeT HeOThbeMAeMON
H or6op pa6gom'iro
rIpHrAameHHe
npeAaHHOCTH H
2KH3HH 6aHKa.
qaCTbiO e2KeAHeBHO
Ha6op
AO
AeMOHCTpauHH
B
AOArocpOMHbix
npaKTH'eCKHX
pa3pa6oTKa
npHaqHH,
Hx
HaAe2KHOH
CTaAa
coBeTa AHpeKTopoB,
AH.e
OTKpblTbIM
6blTb
meAaHHe
Bcex pyKoBOAHTeAeH,
B
PYKOBOACTBO
OHa
Tpe6yeT
6aHKa. Ycnex B AeAe H3MeHeHHH
CHAbHoe
AeAO.
-ITO6bi
TaK
KyAbTypy,
npoH3BOACTBeHHYIO
H3MeHHTb
6aHh pa
6
201
OTbl,
BHyrpH
H 3HaHHH ymKe pa6oTalonJHx,
xapaKTepHbIX B
Hy2KAaeTCH
npHeM
Ha
oco6eHHocTefi paAHKaAbHb1X
pa6OTy
AHg
CO
HO
KamAoro CpeACTBax CTOpOHbl
YzpelLIe,We pyKos,B4c7Ta
N
I7OAbMJreHIIe 'IyCTBHTeAbHOCrT
S1BASeTCH MOU4HbIM CpCACTBOM pelluHTb cyigecTByIoIiHe
npHHHMalOT
6aHtH
MOAOAblX
Kapbepa pa6oTHHKa. AOA2HOCTH
Ha
npo6AeMbl B BTOH o6AacTHm.
HeBbICOKHe
AOA2mHOCTH,
C
BaKaHcHH. Bo MHOrHX 6aHKax CYUJCCTBYIOT nHCaHbie H KoTOpbie npen$ITCTBYIOT npHrAaluIeHHIO Ha pa6oTy Bbllme onpeAeAeHHoro ypOBHH. IIOCKOAbKy npHrAauieHHe pa6oTHHEa Co CTOpOHbI Bce HcxAioqHTeAbHoe, AAA 6aHKa Mo2KeT 6blTb nOAe3HbIM nepecmoTpeTb CBOiO npogeAyp
nOTeHMHaAbHaH
npogecca:
Bce
HatHHaeTCH npHrAamaloT pa6oTHHKoB CO CTOpOHbl H Ha 6oAee BbJCOKHe qTo6bI HaHTH YHHKaAbHOrO cregHaAHcTa HAH npOCTo B nopRAKe
3allOAHeHHR
pa6o0y,
Ceiac
KOTOpbIX
HeKoTopble
ipaBHAO
KaK
AioAeH,
Jr HepeMevaM
OcpOpMAeHHH
H
HHq3opMaUHH,
'To6bi
HenHCaHbie /o1eHb me
npaBHAa,
HeBblcoKoro/
HBAeHHe
roKa
nOAHTHKEy npHeMa Ha
onpeAeAHTb,
CyJ1ecTBYeT AH nepeMeH. CAeAyeT npoaHaAH3HPOBaTb TpH CTaAHH HOBOH pa6o0eii CHAbl, Bbi6op MeTOAa H MOTHBaUHR K
BO3MOf2KHOCTb 3HaIHTeAbHbIX
onpeAeAeHHe
HCTOqHHKOB
nOCTyHAeHH10 KaHAHAaTOB Ha pa6oqee MeCTO.
*
Olpe.4eAeHHe NCTO qHHXOB. BaHKH B pa3BHBaiOu4HXCR CTpaHaX qacTo noAyqalOT 6oAbmuoe KOAH'eCTBO HH'eM He CnPOBOUHPOBaHHbIX 3aABAeHHH o npHeme Ha pa6oTy, nocTynaioXIHX B rAaBHoe ynpaBAeHHe 6aHKa. HeKoTopble 6aHKH HcnOAb3yEmT BTH 3aHBAeHHH
KaK eAHHCTBeHHblH
pa6oTHHKoB.
4AA
npHeMe
pa6ory,
Ha
Heo6xoAHMo
Ha
BbIXOA
B
npCCTH2KHble
Ha
COBMeCTHble
11pOrpaMMbi
pa6OTaTb
B
6aHKe
MeCRgbi
MO0HO
3aHHTepecoBaHHb[X
BpeMH.
npHrAauleHHeM 3aHHTepecoBaH
qaCTb
B
yHHBePCHTeTbl,
6oAbluoe KOAH'IeCTBO
HHOCTPaHHb1e
MOAOAbIX AJoAeH
B
ApyrHe
corAauieHHe
He
sa npHrHalIIeHHe
yqpemAeHHH
IUlKOAaX
Ha pa6oTy cnoco6Hofi
o6y'eHH.R, BpeMeHH,
nOCBHIaHS
H
MO2KHO
HS OTAeAOB
KOTOpbie
riepeMaHHBaTb
AAR
pa6OTy
HOBbIX
'qTo6bi HCKaTb
OpraHH30BaTb
MCAYIO
MO2KHO pa3pa6oTaTb
C KOTOPbIMH
OCTaAbHoe
CTaMHPOBKY
Ha
lUEKOAbl,
MOAOAe2KH,
B COOTBeTCTBHH
BpeM3
cTyAeHTbi
B
y'e6e.
HaH6oAee
cMoryT AeTHHe
cnoco6HbIx
H
6aHK
npHrAauaTb HX Ha pa6oTy B 6aHK Ha HenlOAHoe opraHH3OBaTb B 6aHKe AeHb OTKpbITblX ABepeCH C
MOAOAblX
A1oAefl
H
ApyrHX
MomHo HCnOA.b3oBaTb pa3AH'qHbIe
BbIXOAHTb Ha KoHTaKT C npO(PeCCHOHaAbHb1MH
onpeAcAeHHbIX
H3 AaHHOi
H Ha ApyrHe opraHH3a4UHH,
cTyAeHTOB, MO2KHO
6aHK.
CiNwmyAmpomaHNe
6biBaeT
nOAy'eHHR
HymHO CAeAaTb
Ha
AHg,
B
pa6oTe
pO4daYf smaB.4eHN 0
opraHH3aUHHMH
IZopNMme
Ha
MeTOAOB nO3BOAHT noArOTOBAeHHOMY
nAaHHpoBaHHR,
noAAep2KKH,
202
C
H
caMblx
C npOCb6ofi peKAamy HAH
H aCCOgHagHEMH.
pa6ory. YCnemHoe
nepCOHaAy,
noMOIIJblO
KoTOpbiX
MeTOAbl onpeAeAeHHS
cnoco6HbIx H3 roTeHIHaAbHbIX KaHAHAaTOB Ha pa6oTy, MO2KHO o6paTHTbcs o rXOMO1H B roCyAaPCTBeHHbie opraHbI no HaHMy pa6OTHHXOB, mepe3
*
0
B KOTOpbIX 3aHHTepCCOBaH 6aHK. ECAH C BTHMH
ripeCTH2Hb1X
opraHH3OBaTb
MomHo B
H
HOBbiX
3aHBAeHHH
qaCTo
HCTOMHHKH
IUKOA H opraHH3aMHH.
OTBeTCTBeHHbIe
BbIXOAHTb
MeCTaX.
KaHAHAaTOB,
BHlU1HHe
A2KeHTAbMeHCKoe
MeTo4.a )pHFAaLLeHLw. AOA2KHbl
AAR npHrAamU1eHHH KOAHqeCTBO
peijeHHe HymKHO nepeCMOTpeTb.
KaMnaHHEO nO npHrAaliueHHIO
pa6o'ee
Ha
CHAbHbIX KOHKYPeHTOB
cyu4eCTBYeT
xaHAHAaTOB oTTyaa, TaKoe
r.aHAHAaTOB
AOCTOHHb1X
HlEKOAbI
KOTOPbIX YqHTCH
Ha opraHH3agHH
cnegHaAHCTOB
OT
BICAIO'HB TyAa 6oAbluioe 'HCAO
OpraHH3aMHRMH
Bbr6op
AOCTaTO1 Hoe
6aHKa
UpHBAeEKaOT TOT THl CnegHaAHCTOB,
*
BHeIIIHHH HCTOqHHK
upHBAe'lb
nocTynaioUjHx
CaMbie
YHHBePCHTeTbl, CTpaHbI,
lTo6bi
paCIllHpHTb
cnegHaAHCToB, CTaBKy
Toro,
cnoco6 H
[1pHMeHeHHe
C nOMOIgbIO nepcoHaAa
npH y%IaCTHH
pyEoBoAwreAeH
CosBaHNe qeAoaeqecioro KaHlnraAa 6a&rna
6
cnoco HbIX H nOArOTOBAeHHbIX AIOAeH AAM BTOH
cnoco6 npHBAe4b 3aHHTepecoBaHHb!x,
6aHKa KaK MeCTa pa6oTbl He3aBHAHaA, TPYAHO
cTyAeHTaM. KOHeqHo, ecAH penyTaUHH
yCAOBHHX,
AorOBOPHbIX
HHAHBHAyaAbHbIX
oco6eHHo
6aHKa
B pa6oTe
eCAH HX y4acTHe
HX Ha
npHrAalIueHHH
BO3MO2KHOCTH
pa3pa6oTaTb
Heo6xOAHMO
cnegHaAHCTa,
xopomero
BpeMH He MOryT 3aHHTCpeCOBaTb
B 6aHKe B HacToquee
Bo3MOmHOCTH Ami o6yqeHHH
H
Kapbepbl
pa3BHTHH
onAaTbl TpyAa,
ECAH yCAOBHH
pacC4HTbIBaTb Ha ycnex.
6biBaeT
6aHK
CBOHi
nOBbirOAHee
fnpOAaTb
Aio6RT
CaMH
6aHKa
Hpe3HAeHTbi
pa6oTbl.
3To
pa6OTbl.
BO3MOMHOCTHMH
AJoAeH
MOAOAbIX
saHTrepecoBaTb
6aHKe,
B
pa6OTe
0
paccKa3aTb
HHTepeCHO
H
BbICTYnHTb
MOryT
ycneUlHo
KOTOpbic
noApa3AeAeHHH,
Heo6xOAHMO.
nOAe-3HbIM
noMO2KCT
aTo
6aHKa.
AAA
o63aBeCTHCb
6aHKy
OieHb
MO2KCT OKa3aTbCM
cneflHaAbHOCTH
AOAmHOCTH HAH Ha cnellHaAH3HpoRaHHbie TeXHH'IeCKHe
ynpaBAeHqecKHe
BbICOKHC
6oAee
Ha
CneiHaAHCTOB
Ha6op
6aHKa.
pa6OTHHKOB
ypOBeHb
mTo6bi nOAHSTb
OT6op, AAM TOrO, -ITo6bl CyMeTb CAeAaTb npaBHAbHbliH H XOpOUIHH
Heo6xoAHMo
KaHAHAaTOB
nOTeH;HaAbHbXX
KOAH'eCTBo
BOAbluOe
KaHAHAaTOB.
tIHCAa
OrpaHHxieHHM
o6AacTH
B
oco6eHHocTH
B
pa6OTHHKOB,
Ha6opa
nOAHTHKY
nepeCMOTPCTb
Heo6xoAHMo
HMeloIuHMH
AIOAbMH,
YHHKaAbHbIC
HOBYIO KpOBb B 2KHAbi opraHH3aIHH. HaBbIKH, CTOAb Heo6xOAHMbie 6aHKy. aTo roMomeT BAHTb
noAaBIUHX
3TO
-
OT6op
0
3aHBAeHHe
MHOrOqHCAeHHbie
npOBepKH,
aCneKTbi
AaHHOH rAaBe He npeACTaBAAeTCSi
TYT
OT6Opa.
xapalKTepHCTHK
noAyqeHHe
KaqecTBO
OCBeAOMAcH
KOAAeKTHBe
B
Heo6xOAHMbIX
0
H
pa6oTHHKoB
HaBbIKOB.
A
AAH
Tpe6yeMbix B 6aHKe H Ha AaHHOH
YPOBeHb
nOAHHTb
8TOrO
pyKOBOAHTeAb, HaBblKaX,
AOA2KHOCTH
Heo6xoAHMo pe3KO
B TOM, MT06b1
Ha6opa 3aKAioqaeTcTC
KoAAeKTHBa,
Bcero
co6eceAoBaHHH,
H T.A.
cnpaBOK
HaBeAeHHe
CO CTOpOHbI,
nOArOTOBAeHHoro
o6pa3oBaHHA,
H
o6CyAHTb
BO3MOmHb1M
H aHaAH3 pe3!oMe,
AaHHb[X
iAeAb BHeUIHerO
1IOA'CepKHyTb OAHO o6cTo0reAbcTBo: nOBbICHTb
HCInOAb3ylOTCH
6HorpacpHqecKHx
HX
o6cymAeHHe
KaHAHAaTaMH,
B
pa6OTe.
AHU
CpeAH
KaHAHAaTOB
Bbi6op
OCyigeCTBHTb
nO3BOAMlOIMHH
npoUecc,
pa6oTbl,
YPOBeHb
KOTOpblH
XOPOUO
BCe BpeMH
nOMHHT o6
npeTeHAeHTa, nPe4BaPHTeAbHO BTOM H, BbI6HpaM H3 HMCIoUFerocR nyAa KaHAHAaTOB AoCToHHoro pa3pa6oTaTb npoq)eccHorpaMMy HAH pSIA onpeAeAHeT ero MeCTO B 6aHKe. OTAeA KaApOB MOmeT
OpHeHTHpOM npH npo(IeccHorpaMM AAA meAaeMbix CnelHaAHCTOB, KOTOpb!e MorAH 6bl CAY2KHTb OT6ope
KaHAHAaTOB
AHqHOCTHbie
B
Co CTOpOHbl.
xapaKTepHcTHKH,
TaKyiO
MO2KHO
npo(peccHorpaMMy
H o6pa3oEaHHe,
H MHoroe
Apyroe.
3
6
6blAo
aAaqa
bl BKAIOqHTb
CBOAHTCR
H
K TOMy,
pa6OTHHKOB AAR OnpeAeAHTb HaH6OAee TaAaHTAHBblX npeTeHAeHTOB, CaMbMX CnOCO6HbiX CaMbie HOBbie H Aame WTO MaKcHMH3aUIHH 6yAygero ycnexa 6aHKa. KOHeC'HO, Hy2HO IlOMHHTb, qTO66b
C npaBOBbIMH paAUKaAbHbie qopMbi OUeHKH npH OT6ope KaHAHAaTOB AOAmHbI corAacOBbIBaTbCH HopMaMH H TpaAHHHMMH
Ka2KAoH KOHKpeTHOH CTpaHbl.
3a1womemHe cPMHpoBaHHe qpacTopoM
npaBHAbHbIX
ycneLUHOCTH
HaBbIKOB H npoH3BOACTBeHHOH
Aio6oro
KoMMepHecKoro
xapaKTepa
Pa3BHBaIOIHXCM
CTpaHaX
6aHKa.
3aAanH
HAH BTOMY
HeBa2KHO,
BOnpOCy
CpeACTB, nOBTOMy TaKHe npo6AeMbl
paClUHpeHUH OTBOAHTCH
AH
CTOHT
H MaAO
KyAbTypbI nepeA
H
Ba2KHbIM 3aAa'qH
cefiqac
Ho
pa3BHTHA. BHHMaHHM
HIBAAIOTCH
HHM
Bo
MHOrHX
BbiAeAMrTCM
MaAO
KaK YPOBeHb H o6beM HeO6xOAHMbIx 3HaHHA H yMeHHH
203
He
YEpenueHHe pywOBOCTma H nioBmiieHHe vDcTBIrneAbmoTrI
pa3peLualoTcR.
HpoBeAeHHe
c(popMHpoBaTb
npeAcTaBAeHHe
6yAyulemy.
HpoBeAeHHe
nOArOTOBKH
H
o
Heo6xoAHMbix
6yAyijeM
HHAHBHAyaAbHb1X
o6yMeHHx
(I)opMHpoBaHHe
aHaAH3a
6aHKoBcKoro
npOH3BoACTBeHHoH
3HaHHH
6aHKa
H
ero
aTTeCTa1HHH
Mo2eT
nepcoHaAa
qro6bi
KyAbTypbl
H
HaBbIKOB
M02KLTrnOM0'b
rOTOBHOCTH
CTeneHH
MO2KeT
ir lepemearJ
STOMY
K
nOMOqb pa3BHTHio nporpammbi pewlHTb
rpRAyUHe
o6paTHTb
3aAaqH.
CyuIeCTBOB&BUWO
He6AaronpHwTHylo AAR ycnexa 6aHKa KyAbTypy B cepbe3Hylo noA1,ep2mKy yCHAHH pYKOBOACTBa H KOAAeKTHBa, HanpaBAeHHbIX Ha COBepiueHCTBOBaHHe pa6oTbl 6aHKa, CAeAaTb ee CpeACTBOM peaAH3aUHH CTpaTerHH 6aHKa. OT6op pa6oTHHKoB no HX cnoco6HocTaM MO2KeT npHBeCTH K AaAbHeiCwMy nOBblwUeHHIO KaqeCTBa pa6oTbi 6aHKa qepe3 HCnOAb3oBaHHe BHelllHHX HCTO-HHKOB Mo6HAH3agHH pecypCoB. PYKOBOACTBO 6aHKa AoA2KHo 6blTb cnoco6HbIM OgeHHTb cHTyagHlo B 6aHKe, OnpeAeAHTb npHOPHTeTHOCTb IJOPMHPOBaHHR OTCYTCTBYIOUJHX HAH HeaAeCKBTHbIX HaBbiKOB
H
3HaHHH,
COrAaCOBblBaAHCb C
HeAOCTaTKH
B
npOH3BOACTBeHHOH
KyAbType,
TaK
oT06bi
oHH
CeAAMH COBepwleHCTBOBaHHA pa6oTbl 6aHKa B MeAOM.
UEAb 4. YIPABAEHHE PE3YAbTATAMU PAbOTbl 4AH AOCTH2KEHHR UEAEI4 bAHKOB Fo mepe Toro, xaK paCTeT H CTaHOBHTC51 BCe
6
oAee CA2KHONH opraHmagwa, nepeA HeH BcTaioT BCe 6oAee TpyAHb1e npo6AeMbl KaK BHelIIHero, TaK H BHyTpH6aHKoBcKoro xapaKTepa, H 6aHKy cTaHOBHTCR Bce CAO2KHee cnpaBAHTbcH CO CBOHMH 3aAa'iaMH. 4 To6b1 AO6HTbCR Hx BbinOAHeHHs 6aHKy Hy2KHO nOHRTb,
npeABHAeTb
H
- H B 6oAbueii CTeneHH 'eM
yBAe'lb,
H
ynpaBAeHHe,
paHblue - H pyKOBOACTBO, cnoco6Hoe
o6AaAaloujee
HaBbJKaMH,
aKTHBHOCTb1O
H
OpraHH3aUHOHHb1MH CnoCo 6 HOCTSMH. 9
, qxpeKTHBHoe
yiipaBAeHHe
aKTHBHbIM
paCTyWUHM
6H3HeCOM
Tpe6yeT
nOCTO9HHOrO
co6AioAeHne 7 HpHHgHnOB: *
pa3BHTHe H noAAep2KaHHe BbICOKOrO KaqeCTBa PyKOBOACTBa;
*
pa3pa6oTxa npaKTH'iecKoH cTpaTerHH H AeAOBoro nAaHa;
*
nOCTaHOBKa
COOTBeTCTBYIOU_HX 3aAaq H paspa6oTKa Ha HX OCHOBe peaAHCTHqHbKX
MeAcHanpaBAeHHb[X nAaHOB pa6oTbl; *
nOBbiwIIeHHe
HHTeHCHBHOCTH
B
pa6oTe,
ynpaBAeHHe
nOKa3aTeARMH
pa6oTbl
KOAAeKTHBa; *
*
CTHMyAHPOBaHHe 'iepe3 noou4peHHe Ayq'IUHX, HaKa3aHHe XyAIUHX, [POABH2KeHHR no cAy2K6e HaH6oAee 3HaliojHX H nepeBoAbi Ha Apyroe MeCTO HeKoMneTeHTHbix; CTHMYAHPOBaHHe HaH6oAee cnoco6HblX, nlOMOI_b TeM, KTO He CMOr noxa peaAH3OBaTb
CBOH
BO3MO2KHOCTH
H
oCBo6o2KAeHHe
OT
HeCnoCo6Hbix
H
He'rpyAoAlo6HBbix pa6oTHHroB; *
npoBeAeHHe
aKTHBHOrO
eAeHanpaBAeHHorO
ynpaBAeHHS1
xOAAeKTHBOM
ynpaBAeHHe pyKOBOAHTeAHMH. HHme HtmaraeTcsm,
KaK MO2HO Ao6HTbCa Ka2KAOrO HS Bb1CKa3aHHblX nOAO2KeHHH.
204
mepC3
Cowalame qeAoweqecaWoro KanINTaAa 6ama'x
Pasanrwep,yKoBo4xc7ta BaHKH pa3BHBalOUBHXCH CTpaH, B OCHOBHOM, npeACTaBAHIoT co6o0i 'aCTo
pyKOBOACTBe
CO CTOpOHbl 6 'ITo bi
Heo6xoAHMo,
OTAeAa
pyKOBOAHTeAb HO
nepcoHaAa,
pa3BHTHR
me
BKKayHTHHra, PYKOBOAHTeAlO oTAeAeHHH
YPOBHR
CBoHCTBaMH
6bl
o6AaAaA
H
PYKOBOAWFTAIO
H
OTAeAa
pyKOBOAHTeA1o
ayAHTa,
CAym6bi
H AHHeHHOrO.
cpeAHerO
Heo6xoAHMbI
XapaKTepHCTHKH
pyKOBOAHTeAio 6
Bbicluero,
nOCTOSHHOM
B
HYMAaloTCH
pa6oTe,
BblCuierO
camoro
TaKHe
B
BCex ypOBHeH:
pyKOBOAHTeAeH
AHAepa,
XapaKTePHCTHKaMH
H3MeHeHHS
cepbe3Hble
HcnbITbIBloJgHe
CAOmHbIe opraHH3a1HH,
aHKa, PYKOBOAHTeAlO oTAeAa no pa6oTe C KAHeHTaMH.
CAOBOM, Bce PY!OBOAHTeAH AOA2HbI 6blTb AHAepaMH, a He npOcTo Ha'aAbHHKaMH. B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT CTpaHbl, B KOTOpOH
rlpaBHAbHblH CTHAb PYKOBOACTBa MomeT MeHHThbC
4)yH1.UHOHHpyeT 6oAee
6aHK,
OT ee o6biqaeB
B
OAHOH
CTpaHe
MOryr
pYKOBOAHTeAH
fOAb3yRCb
opraHH3anHei,
CBOeH
pyKOBOACTBO
OCUjgeCTBARTb
BIpjX~CTHBHO
KyAbTypbl.
H
a AAR ApyroH CTpaHbi 6yAeT 6oAee THnHqHbIM H npHeMAeMblM
aBToKpaTHiecKHMH MeToAaMH,
CTHAb coY"aCTHR B pa6oTe, HO B Aio6oH KyAbType Heo6xOAHMO HafTH AJOAeH, KoTopbie MoryT Y BTHx AioAeH AOA2KHo 6blTb meTKoe npaBHAbHbie AeHCTBHRH. opraHH3oBaTb H peaAH3oBaTb BHAeHHe Toro, sero OHH XOTRT Ao6HTbCR B HTore, qeTKoe BHAeHHe Toro, 'TO COOTBeTcTByeT opraHHSaIHOHHOii CTpyKType, UeARM H 3aAaqam opraHH3ajHH. OHM AOA2KHbl CTaBHTb 3aAa'qH nepeA
HopMaTHBbl.
pa3pa6aTbiBaTb BTHX MeAeH.
HI nOCKOAbKy
OHH AOA2KHbI HX 6yAyT
3a AOCTH2KeHHe
HeCTH AH'IHy1O OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb
onpeAeAeHHOii
MOAeAb
KaX
BOCnpHHHMaTb
npHOpHTeTbl,
YCTaHaBAHBaTb
y'pe?KAeHHRMH,
H
noApa3AeAeHH5IMH
CBOHMH
POAH
HAH
npHMep B nOBeAeHHH, BO B3rARAax H B
pYHKxUHH, HM Heo6xoAHMo nOCTORHHO nOAaBaTb AH4Hbli
pa6oTe. OHH MOryT Ao6HTbCq HaMe'eHHbIX pe3yAbTaTOB TOAbKO tepe3 ycHAHR ApyrHx AioAeH, OHH AOAmHbl PaBBHBaTb XOpOIUHe HaBbIKH H BbICOXYIO Tpe6oBaTeAbHOCTb CpeAH CBOHX nOA'IHHeHHbIX
CBOIO COnIpH'iaCTHOCTb H CBOIO
H KoAAer, TaK 'ITO6bi nOCAeAHHe, 'YBCTBOBaAH
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a BbInOAHeHHe 3aAaq,
nocTaBAeHHbIx
HX PyKOBoACTBOM.
Ho Aame
H aTH
o6ujHe XapaKTepHCTHKH MOryT pa3AHqaTbCH B pa3AHqHbiX KyAbTypaX. onpeAeAeHHe 3HatieHHH CAOBa H IIOHrTHH 'qaCTbO
KpHTepHeB
AA.
IHpoUeccbi
pyROBoAHTeAei.
Ha
npHrAam1eHHR aTTCCTagHH
no
B KaAOM
pYKOBOACTBsa pa6oTy,
oT6opa
peayAbTaTam
H
6aHKe AOA2KHO
npoABHmeHHR
CAyme6Horo
pa6oTbl
H
Ha
6blTb
OCHOBe
aHaAH3a
nOTeHUHaAa pa3BHTHR AOA2Hbi 6blTb qaCTHsHO HanpaBAeHbl Ha BbilBAeHHe AHAePCRHX Ka'ieCTB B PYKOBOAHTeMAX HAH nOTeH]AHaAbHbIX pyroBOAHTeAHX. IIoCAe BbiRBAeHHH cnoco6HbIX AHAePOB HX Heo6xoAHMo OgeHHTb KaK npeKpacHb1e BbiCOKOKaqeCTBeHHbie pecypcbl H o6ecneimHTb HM AaAbHeiuiiero
BO3MO?KHOCTb
HpOrpaMMbi
pa3BHTHM.
ynpaBAeH'ecKOHi
nOArOTOBKH
nepeAaTb pa6OTHHKaM 6aHKa Ty BamHOCTb, KOTOpyJO 6aHK 3aKpenAAeT 3a nOHHTHeM PYROBO4HTeAb",
noaToMy
3aAameeH
TaKHx
nporpamm
AOAmHa
CTaTb
AOA2KHbl xopomIHH
nonbITKa
AH60
COBepU1eHCTBOBaTb TaXHe Ka'ieCTBa, AH6o AaTb BO3MOmHOCTb HM npOHBHTbCH B pyKOBOAHTeARM. 6 BaHK TaXKCe AoAmeH CTapaTbcR o ecnefHBaTb noAAepmaHHe COCTOIHHH cpeAbl, B KOTOpOH
pyKOBOAHTeAH MorAH 6bl COBepuieHCTBOBaTb CBOH ynpaBAeHqeCKHe HaBbIKH. Coa3AaHHe
H noAAepmaHHe
YCAOBHH,
B KOTOPbIX
UHpOKHX pamKax Mo2KeT noTpe6OBaTb cepbe3HbIX
6aHKa.
H eCAH
MomeT pa3BHTbCA
B OeiHb
B npOH3BOACTBeHHOfi
KyAbType
AHAepCTBO
H3MeHeHHH
BTo aameaHHCe cnpaBeAAHBO, TO HeO6XOAHmO paccmTpHBTb
205
T
o3MO2KHbi
YxpeiAemme pyOwOoeCTra
H3MeHeHHH
m HOirbrMremme V17BCrNHCeAhNOCcT
KyAbTypbl COBMeCTHO
Ho
(KaK o6cymAaAocb paHee).
C ApyrHMH
H3MeHCHHRMH
ft Hepememam
KyAbTypbi B pa6oTe y"pe2AeHHR
OCTaAbHbie Tpe6oBaHHH OCTaiOTCR
HeH3MeHHbIMH. BOAbHoAi
no
pa3MepaM
H CAO2KHbIH no CTPYKType 6aHK, B oco6eHHocTH TaKoH, KOTOpblH CTapaeTcH cAeAaTm BCe BoSMomHoe, 'lTO6bi YCOBepweHCTBOBaTb CBOIO pa6oTy, AOA2KeH HMeTb 6oAbwoe KOAHYeCTBO AIOAeHi,
KoTopbie
Ka'IeCTBO
-
6
MOrAH
bl peaAH3OBaTb
cnoco6HOCTb
yBAe'b
K qemy CTPCMHTCR1
TO,
AioAeH
cAeAaTb
HY2KHbie
BTOT 6aHK.
AeHCTBHH
HMeHHo H
-
aTO
Ha3biBaeTcn
AHAepCTBOM.
lAamHpORaaHe pa3RH7TJl 6HBHeca m yIpaPrAemme pecypeamn 6aHEra
'Iesoireweci(Nm
CBPI3b Me2KAy nAaHHPOBaHHCM pa3BHTH3i 6H3Heca H opraHH3aMHeH, o6y'eHHeM H ynpaBAeHHeM qeAoBeqecKHMH pecypcaMH OqeHb BamKHa H o6a3aTeAbHa. IHAaHbl pa3BHTHm 6aHKa o6sI3aTeAbHo OTpa2Ka1OTCH Cy3ReCTBYIOT
XOpOWHe
nAaHHPOBaHHR
nAaHbl,
pa3BHTHA
MOHHTOpHHra
6aHKa,
Ha Bcex acneKTax ynpaBAeHHH 'leAoBe'leCKHMH pecypCaMH. Tam, OHH
CAy2KaT
'eAoBeqeCKHx
H onpeAeAeHH5
XOPOIIIHM
pecypcoB.
CTeneHH
OCHOBaHHeM
OHH
ycnellHOCTH
TaK2Ke
AeHCTBHH
H
nyTH
8Toro
COBepwxeHCTBOBaHHsI.
no3BoAHioIIeC
aHaAH3a H CpaBHeHHR,
Kopo4e
COnOCTaBHTb
roBopH,
rLAaHbI
OpHeHTHpOM
HBARIOTCq
qAeHOB
H OHH 2Ke nOACKa3bIBa1OT HC TOAbKO o6AaCTH, HyKAK1OaiogHeCR
HHOrAa
H
OCHOBOH
TpYAOBOrO
rAe AAR AAR
KOAAeKTHBa
B CoBepluleHCTBOBaHHH, HO
OHH
CAym2aT
pa3BHTHR
MepHAOM,
meAOBeqeCKHX
TOYxKOH
pecypCOB H
rLAaHbl AeHCTBHH 6aHKa.
HanpHMep,
KaK
Mbl
CBOHX pa6OTHHKOB KOTOpbie
o6cymAaAH
B OCHOBHOM
OnpeAeAHIOTCH
yKoMnAeKToBaHHoCTb,
CTpaTerHmeCKHMH
pa3AH4HbIX
opraHH3agHH.
TOqHO
HaKoHeg5,
Bbipa6aTblBaIoTC51
H
pa6OTHHKOB
AAS1
TOrO,
'lTo6bi
MeAeH,
AOArOCpO-HbIX CHCTeMa
lqTo
6
bJ
Bo3Harpa2KAeHHH
6Hi3Heca,
AIOAH
HCnb1TbIBalOT peaAbHoCTb,
Be3
Bce
BbICOKHH
TaKmKe
TpaAHUHOHHOMy
H
HaAe2KHbIX
nyTH,
rLAaHbi
pa6oTaTb.
HeAOCTaTO4HOH
ypoBeHb
BbinOAHHTb
Tpe6oBaHHH
6oAblHM TpYAOM,
nepe3
Heo6xOAHMbIX
OTpa2eHHbIMH
Tpe6oBaHHR
H
MO2KeT
rLAaHax
B
B
H,
riOApa3AeAeHHH
KpaTKoCpOMHbXx
H OnepaTHBHb1X OTpa2KaTb,
AAA
npoH3BOACTBeHHOH
CTpyRTYpHbiX
AOCTH2KeHHe
nAaHax
KaKOH
H
6aHKa. CTeneHH
6aHKa.
BCe CAa6OCTH,
MHOrO'HCACHHbie
Ho,
COBepIeHHO
K CoBpeMeHHbiM 6aHKa,
6aHKoBCXyIo
co CTOpOHbl
KoAAeKTHBa
npoULAoro,
OHH
o6UJecTBa.
AH6o AH6o
HAeT no HaqHHaeT
oA4AaeTCA yAyqweHHIO, TO llpOHCXOAHT aTO
npenRTCTBHH.
206
OT
'TO
eCTeCTBeHHO,
Ha CerOAHRIHi1}o 6aHKaM
Pa3BHTHe
AOCTaBUIHeCH
3Ha'IHTeAbHO CAaBaTb CBOH UO3HUHH, AH6o, eCAH H
c
OUTHMH3HPYeT
-3anAaHHPOBaHHyiO AerrTeAbHOCTb.
opHeHTHpOBaHHOCTH
nAaHOB pa3BHTHR
COXpaHHH
H
geAeC,
TaM, rAe He CYI4CTBYeT HaAe2KHbIX H npoAyMaHHbX UAsaHOB
paBHO nPOAOA2KaioT
nOCAe4CTBHB
cepbe3HbIX
-ITO
HaBbIKH
BaHK
HaBbiKoB,
UeARMH,
B CTpaTerH'eCKHX
BbinoAHHIOTCH CTpaTerHmeCKHe H onepaTHBHb1e BeccnopHO, Mbl npH3HaeM,
H
yMeHHH
pyKOBOAHTeAeH
nooiqpeHHH
H
riAaHaMH.
rapaHTHPOBaTb
3a(fHKCHPOBaHHbIX
CBOH noApa3AeAeHHR H
pa3BHTHH H AOCTH2KeHHH
Ha6op
Heo 6 xoAHMble
mKe,
o6pa30M,
TaKHM
opraHu3yeT
OnepaTHBHbIMH
H
nOBeAeHHe OTAeAbHbIX pa6OTHHKOB,
ynpaBAMeTca
6aHK
OnpeAeAeHHbIX
(3yHKlAHH,
TaK
II,
AAA peaAH3agHH HanpaBAeHHH
YPOBeHb
BbInOAHeHHR
KyAbTypbi
Pa3AeAe
B
CosmaHHe veAoereeCxoro xaiiwraAa
6aHca
Cepbe3Hbie H3MeHeHHH B noBeAeHHH H pa6oTe TpyAOBoro KoAAeKTHBa o6bMiYHo HacTynaioT B
npeAbRBAHiOUJeH
CTpaTerHeH,
CO3AaHHOrO
TOA%IKa,
KaKoro-TO CHAbHOrO
PCSYAbTaTe
BbICOKHe
Tpe6oBaHHH KO BCeMy 6aHKy, HAH onepaTHBHbIMH nAaHaMH.
ypoBeHb
BblCIUHii
pa3BHTHR
noMO'Tb
B o6WHe,
CBOH yCHAHR
BBepeHHbiX nAaHOB,
(OPMHPOBaHHIO
H
B pa3pa6OTKe
BAO2KHTb
MTo6bI
pa6oTHHKoB,
nOAy"HTb
H
TyAa MeponpHWTHH,
BHeceHHe
emy
nlOArOTOBKH
y'aCTHe
npHHHMaTb
o6ecnemHTb
YTo bi
AeHTeAbHOCTH
aBcIeKTHBHOCTb
nOBbiwI1aiOU4HX
6
nAaHoB,
H onepaTHBHbIX
CTpaTerHsecKHx
o6R3aTeAbHo
AOA2KeH
KoAAeKTHBa,
TPYAOBOrO
BonlpoCaMH
3aHHMaeTCH
KOTOpblU
6aHKa,
PYKOBOACTBa
'eTKOrO
BO3MO2KHOCTb
nAaHOB H HanpaBAeHHH B pa6oTe. KorAa fLAaHbI COCTaBAeHbl, H COAep?KaHHHf 4 OHH CTaHOBHTCH OCHOBHbIM MaTepHaAoM AAR o6Cy2KAeHHfl Tpe6oBaHHH K pa6oTHHKaM 6aHKa,
nOHHMaHHH geAeC
pa3BHTHH
nAaHoB,
pyKoBoAHTeAeH
c OAHOH CTOpOHbl, H pyKOBOAHTeAHMH oTAeAa KaApoBbIx CAym6 - C Apyroi.
noApa3AeAeHHH,
IAaHbI
H
PYKOBOAHTeAei
AHHeHHbIX
YPOBHe
Ha
OCYlMeCTBAlIOTCH
KOTOpbIe
AAR
pa6oTbl
noAe
C03AalOT
Ha aTO MepOnpHHTHA,
H HanpaBAeHHbie
KOAAeKTHBa
HS
BbITeKaIOIJHe
rOAOBbie
oTpa2maioulee
cAy2K6,
KaApOBbIX
BTHX
nAaHbi
npeAnpHsrrHR.
m paspa6oTKa MepOIpHHTHH
JocTaIomra sa,aq
CTOpOHbI,
H OnepaTHBHbiM
npIHMaH CB53b MemAy CTpaTerH4eCKHM
CaMa
,4A HX 4OCTNWeHNH nAaHHpOBaHHeM,
H pyKOBOACTBOM CAy2K6aMH KaApOB - C ApyroH iiOnoBAHeTCH
C OAHOH
B InOCTaHOBKe 3aAaq H 6
aHKa
Aa1oT
BO3MO2mHOCTb onpeAeAHTb KOHKpeTHbie SaAaIH, noKa3aTeAH pa6oTbl H MeponpHRTHR AAu
6aHKa
pa3pa6oTKe
B geAOM AAH
Toro
H
cocpeAOTO'HTb
MTo6bI
OHH TaxKie
OCHOBaHHe AAA
-3aAa'
H
TH 3aAa9H H MepOnpHHRTHR CAymaT OCHOBOfi
Ha Bonpocax
MoryT paccMaTpHBaTbCH
cpaBHeHHR
nepBblH ypoBeHb ynpaBAeHHH B
IOCTaHOBKa
BHHMaHHe
3
pa3BHTHR
H
KOAAeKTHBa
KaK KOHKpeTHbliH
ynpaBAHTb
noKaBaTeAb,
TOYKa
H nepeHeceHHH 8THX CTpaTerHYeCKHX nAaHoB Ha caMbiH
6aHXe.
pa3pa6oTKa
MeponpHHTHH
Ha ynpaBAeHsieCKOM
MO2KeT CMHTaTbC9 HCTOsHHKOM HeKOTOPbIX cepbe3HbIX npeHMyIIeCTB,
*
fiAaHbI
OnepaTHBHbIe
BbInOAHeHtHS.
ASA OCHOBHbiX ero noApa3AeAeHHi.
BTHM KoAAeKTHBoM.
oTcqeTa,
JAASI Hx
MeponpHATHHf
onpeAeAeHHe pe3yAbTaToi
YPOBHe
no npaBy
BKA1o0aloWJHX:
pa6oTbl Kam2Aoro pyKOBOAHTeAA no HanpaBAeHHSM caMoro
BbJcoKoro npHOPHTeTa AAH ero nOApa3AeAeHHH; *
KOAHueCTBeHHoe BblpamCeHHe H nepHOA nOAymeHHR
*
pa3pa6oTKy
peaAHCTH'eCKHX
nAaHOB
H
OmHAaeMbIX pe3yAbTaToB; yTBep2tAeHHbJX
AOCTH2KeHHR
rpauPHKoB
noKasaTeAeH 33anAaHHPOBaHHbIX pe3yAbTaTOB; *
CTHMyAHpOBaHHe HOBaTopCKOrO noAxoAa, TBOpqeCTBa H COBepwleHCTBOBaHHH;
*
o6ecneqeHHe
noCTORHHoro
H
BHHMaHHHR
KoppeKTHpoBOqHbIX
OcyujeCTBAeHHe
AeHCTBHA no mepe Heo6XoAHMOCTH; *
o6ecneqeHHe BbICOKHX
noKa3aTeAeA.
HlOAe3HbIH aqcNpeKT OT InOCTaHOBKH geAeH O4lglyalOT BCe. PyKOBoAHTeAb BOCnpHHHMaeT ero KaK
tieTKHX o2KHAaeMbix
BblrOAY OT
ero/ee
PYKOBOACTBa,
noApa3AeAeHHeM. OT
Toro,
9TO
B
KaK
pe3yAbTaToB,
qeTKyio
COBnaAaIOL_MHX
nporpaMMy
AeiiCTBHH
C meAaHHHMH
no
H HHTepeCaMH
ynpaBAeHHno
CBOHM
PyKOBOAHTeAb 6OAee BbiCOKOrO YpOBHH syBCTByeT nOAO2KHTeAbHbIH aq4eKT ero
pacnopSi)KeHHH
HaXOAHTCA
207
npOCTOH
H
KOHKpeTHbiH
HHCTpyMeHTrAm
YjrperAeHHe pyKoao4'croa
H aooiHmiCHIe vyDCrNTCAbHOCrH A n'epeaemam
MOHHTOPHHra H OUCHKH pe3yAbTaTHBHOCTH pa6OTbl HeCKOAbKHX nOApa.4eAeHHf,
3oHy ero nIOAHOMOqHH. npHOpHTeTHbIX
BbImOAHeHHH.
3aaAaM
A
BXOAapHX
B
Pa6OTHHKH nOApa3AeAeHHH OljyljaIOT CBOIO BbirO4y KaK nOHHMaHHe ioApa3AeAeHHH
H
BO3MO2mHOCTH
COCPeAOTOMHTb
6aHK B geAOM BbIHrpbiBaeT OT arperHpOBaHHoro
YCHAHR
Ha
HX
aqxpeKTa geAeHanpaBAeHHOrO
ynpaBAeHHH Ha KaS2IOM ynpaBAeHeCKOM YPOBHe BHYTpH OpraHH3agHH. Cyu4ecTByeT,
KOHeqHO, pRA Cepbe3HbIX TpyAHOCTeH AAH 6aHKa, KOTOpbMH BnepBble BHeApReT
qeTKYIO nIOCTaHOBKY riAaHOB.
waAa'
B
JJeAeHanpaBAeHHoe
CBoeH pa6oTe
PYKOBOACTBO
pa3pa6oTKy
H
MeponpHRTHH
o6ecneieHHR
AAA
MO2KeT npeACTaBAHTb CTeneHb HsMeHeHHH
KyAbTypbI
B 6aHKe. aTo Tpe6yeT AHAepcKHX KaqeCTB OT pyKOBOAHTeAH mT06b1 OCyIgeCTBASITb 3
rLAaHHPOBaHHe H ynpaBAeHHe. HaXOAHTb
KaKHe-TO
To Tpe6yeT OTKpbITOCTH H rIpHMoTbI,
noApa3AeAeHHe H
TeM
pemeHH.H
CAa6bie pyKOBOAHTeAH
npo6AeM.
caMbiM
npHeMaMH yripaBAeHHH, B
3
HecAeAaHHOMy.
onpaBAaHHH
BbIHY2KAaeT
OKa3biBaeT
To
AIOAeH
HCKaTb
oco6oe
HOBbie
nyTH,
AaBAeHHe
Ha
cnoco6bi
HOBbie
TpeBOry AO Tex noKa
-IyBCTByIOT
aKTHBHOe
Bce TPYAHee CTaHOBHTCH
OHH He OBAaAeiOT
KOTOpbIX OHH o'ieHb Hy2mAalOTCA B HOBbIX yCAOBHHX, AAA Toro mTo6bi
nOAyqHTb n1OAHYIO OTAa'y OT yCOBepilUeHCTBOBaHHH H o6HOBAeHHfi B 6aHKe. BCAeACTBHe
aTHx npH9HH BHeApCHHe npaKTHKH
acex
KyAbTypbI.
H3MeHeHHH CBR3aHO
C
O HO
KOHKpeTHO,
OCHOBHbIM
AeAOM
CTaHyT
o6bl4HOA
MeponpNHTHH
oqeBHAHO,
cOcTaBAHiolgeiH
pa3pa6oTKH
KaK BamHoe CpeACTBO nporpaMMbi
opHeHTHpOBaHO
KorAa
y-ipe2KAeHHH.
.3aAaq H
rioCTaHOBKH
MeponpHHTHH AAA HX peaAH3agHH Mo2KeT paccMaTpHBaTbcH
Ha AeHCTBHe
nOCTaHOBKa
H
CeAeC
ynpaBAeH'ecKOH
H
npIMO
pa3pa6oTKa
KOHKpeTHoro yIpemAeHH51 /Ha BTO Mo2KeT nOHaAo6HTbCR 2 HAH 3 rOAa/, TorAa Mo2KHo 6yAeT cKa3aTb, MTO B 3HaqHTeAbHOA Mepe H3MeHHAaCb npoH3BOACTBeHHaA KyAbTypa yqpe2KAeHHH. MHorHe nOAaralOT,
MTO
3aAaq
nOCTaHOBKa
OpHeHTHpoBaHHOH
nOAy'eHHe
Ha
aTO
-
KpaeyrOAbHbIH
pe3yAbTaToB
npaKTHKH
KxMeHb
co3AaHHS1
3
AefTeAbHOcTH.
-aAaiH
H
KyAbTypbl, onpeAeARioT
pe3yAbTaTbI Ae5TeAbHOCTH Ka2KAoro nOApa3AeAeHHR.
4AM yCnelHOH noCTaHOBKH YPOBHH AOA2KHbI cpeACTBo
3aAaq H pa3pa6oTKH MeponpHHTHH
ynpaBAeHHn
BsaHMOAeHCTBHHX
6aHKoM.
PYKOBoAHTeAH
geAeHanpaAeHHoe PYKOBOACTBO y'ipemAeHHeM
paCCMaTpHBaTb
OHH
C noAIqHHeHHbIMH
AOAmHbi
6bMTb
roTOBbI 9
pYKOBOAHTeAHMH.
TOT
HcnOAb3OBaTb
HaBbIK
BamHoe
KaK ero
6bMTb
AOAmeH
BbicLuero B
CBOHX
IHPOKO
pa3BHT B 6aHKe. HeKOTOpbIM pyKOBOAHTeAHM yAaeTCH 6e3 oco6Mix yCHAHH npHMeHirTb 9TOT npHem, HO 6oAburnHHCTBy npHXOAHTcA y'HTbCH aToMy. KpOMe Toro, cHcTeMa HHq)opMaUHH, Heo6xOAHMaR
MOHHTOpHHra
AAH
o6uje6aHKOOCKOM ypOBHe, cepbe3HbIX
H3MeHeHHH,
AeHTeAbHOCTH
H
onpeAeAeHHH
TaK H Ha YPOBHe OTAeAbHbiX
-ITo6bi
o6ecne'IHTb
pe3yAbTaTOB.
MoemeT
o6u4eHHH
KaK npH
nepeAa'ia
nOTpe6oBaTbCR
KaK
Ha
nOApa3aeAeHHH MO2KeT noTpe6oBaTb
BO3MO2KHOCTb
CBOeBpeMeHHoro
pe3yAbTaTOB no OTHOUIeHH[O K KOHKpeTHblM noCTaBAeHHbIM 3aAatjaM.
6OAbweil cTeneHH OTKpbITOCTH
pe3yAbTaToB
9
noCTaHOBKC 3aAa'i,
pyKoBo4HTeARM
MOHHTopHHra
To MomeT noTpe6oBaTb TaK
H
npH
OgeHKe
nOApa3AeAeHHH
6oAbmieii CTenIeHH KOHTpOAR 3a pecypcaMH H peIueHHHMH, KOTOpbIC KacaioTcH ero/ee noApa3AeAeHHI. CyUJeCTBYIOT
onepaIHH 6aHKa pa6OTMb
H
pa3AHMHbIC 6
yAeT
riAaHa
HOAxOAbl
Heo6xOAHMO
MepOnpHHTHH
K
nOCTaHOBKe
CO3AaTb noAxOAO,
Bcero
6aHKa
208
geAeH.
B
npogecce
HCXO4RLHiH1H3 OUeHKH
B UeAOM
a
TarKm
ero
nAaHHpOBaHHS
pe3yAbTaTOB KpynHeHCUHx
Cos.maHHe qeAoseq'ecEoro iramiraAa 6awra noApa3AeAeHHA.
TaKoHi
me
noAXOA
Mo2KeT
6bITb
BapHaHTOB
ycneuiHo npOBHA ce6sH B YCAOBHHX 6aHKoB pa3BHBaiotMHxcC
Paspa6oTam
*
o6rgye
CyU_eCTBOBaHHHR
m
-4,4Aa
KOTOpblH
CTaAHHi,
OnpeAeAHTb
Ho,4pas4eAeHHH.
OnpeAeAHTb
npH4HHy
BCKpblTb
6aHKe.
B
nOApa3AeAeHHH
AaHHOrO noApa3AeAeHHR.
nopsAKe
cTpaH:
KOHKpeTHOro
AaHHOrO
(pyHKUHH
YHHKaAbHOCTb
6
BKAioKaiOuHH
npoUecc,
npeAAomHTb
Mo0Ho
3aAaq H
B
H nAaHHpOBaHHH.
pa3pa6oTKH MeponpHHTH Ha 6oAee HH3KHX yPOBHAX ynpaBAeHHH
o6cymAeHRH
nOCTaHOBKH
AA
HcnoAb3OBaH
KOTOpb1e AOA2KHbl
pesyAbTaTbl,
6blTb o6ecneqeHbl AaHHbIM noApa3AeAeHHeM. cAa6bie CTOpOHbl, BO3MO2KHOCTH
JpOBeCTH alHaAH3 cHTyagHH. OnpeAeAHTb CHAbHbIe,
*
4AR
OnaCHOCTH
AaHHOrO
noApa3AeAeHHR
CBOT)
(aHaAH3
B
H
pOAH,
KOHTeKCTe
OTBOAHHMOH B 6aHKe AaHHOMy noApa3AeAeHHIo.
*
rrepeyeHb
CocTaBirT
HMeHHO
'TO
OnpeAeAHTb, 6
TaSme CnHCOK MeponpHTHrHH,
o6ecne'HTb
4eAei,
lo,4paA4AecHH. XOpOMO,
HCKAIO9HTCAbHO
a
pe3yAbTaTbl,
3anAaHHPOBaHHbie
npOBeCTH AAH coBepiueHCTBOBaHHH
Heo6xOAHMO
KOTOpbie
4aHHOro
AeAaTb
noApa3AeAeHHe
AOAmHO
nOCTaBAeHHblX
-ITO6bi Ao HTbCx
ycoexa
ipaKTopoB
KAIoVebJx
pa6oTbl AaHHOrO noApa3AeAeHHH.
*
OIpeae-AHTh KpHTCpHH
uapameTphi yrcIeLuHocTH 4aHHOrO no4pa3,4eAeHHz. OgeHKH
AAR
BbI.RBHTb 06IbeKTHBHbJe
BbinOAHeHHR
ycnelIHOCTH
CTeneHH
3aAaq
OCHOBHbIX
noApasAeAeHHR. *
HOCTaBsTb
geAH.
OUpeAeAHTb
KOAHqeCTBeHHbie
yCnCMIIHOCTH pa6oTbl/ no OCHOBHbIM BaKHbJM KOHKpeTHOM
AaHHOM
pe3yAbTaTbl,
KOTOpblX
roAy.
OHH
6yAyT
H
6
AOAmeH
AO HTbCH
noKa3aTeAH
B
/C
co6ofi
npeACTaBARTb roAy
TeKyigeM
TO'KH
3peHHR
pa6oTbi noApa3AeAcHHR
HanpaBAeHHHM
B
KOHKpeTHble
pyKoBoAHTeAb
AaHHOrO
noApa3AeAeHHR.
*
Paspa6oTaT npOBeAeHHH,
Ka2KAo
BKAJO'aH
rpynnbi
KamAoH
IloArOTOBHTb
aAaH MepOTIpHRwTH.
no
onepaUHH
no
YKPYnHeHHbie
3aAaHHH,
nAaHy.
3
KaTerOpHHM
BbinOAHeHHSI
rpa(pHK
aAa'a
6e.3
nOBTanHbiH
AeTaAbHbIH
H
nAaHa
BHAbI
3aAaq,
HX
nAaH
BbinOAHeHHH
3a
BbInOAHeHHe
OTBeTCTBeHHbNX no
MeponpHaTHH
rpa(IHK
ee
peaAH3aMHH
MomeT OKa3aTbCA HepeaAHcTHMHOH. Hpe3BblqaHHo
nFOAe3HbIM
pa3pa6oTKy
o6CToRTeAbCTBOM
Ba2KHbIM
pyKoBoAHTeAeH H y 'AeHOB nAaHa.
OHH
Bbi6opa
AOA2HbI
nOTpe6oBaTbcH
HeO6xOAHMOCTb
OKaSbIBaCTCH
nlOMOljb.
Bbipa6oTKH
y
Ho
ero
BbInIOAHeHHH.
ypoBeHb
B3aHMOnOHHMaHHe
B
6oAee
nO0MHHeHHblX
BTOT
nAaH,
geAeH,
yCAOBHH, OHH
Ae2aIJWHe
AOAmHbI
B
ero
'IyBCTBOBaTb
OCHOBe,
emy
xoAe
cBoero
y'IaCTHR
H B3aHMOo6R3aTeAbCTBa.
209
B
npogecce
npHMHHbl
yBepeHHOCTb
peaAHSyeMOCTH TaKoro nAaHa, B oco6eHHocTH eCAH noTpe6yIoTcH HHHOBagHOHHbie
.AA
ewe
KOAAeKTHBa 3aHHTepecOBaHHOCTH H OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH B BbInOAHeHHH
nOHHMaTb
npHopHTeTOB,
MO2KeT
PyKoBoAHTeAIo
MeporipHHTHHH.
nOCTaHOBKY 3aAaq H
B pa3pa6oTKy H
noApa3AeAeHHH
noApa3AeAeHHS
pyKOBOAHTeAeM
BrAOioeHHe
OKa3biBaeTCR
H nepcoHaAa
AHHeHHbIX PyKoBoAHTeAeH
nAaHHpOBaHHR
B
meponpHsrrKs
pasBHBaKOlcC
YicpenaerAHe pEwovoAcFDa N Ko,npwb
ogeHxa pesyAbraTor
N
jJeAH H nAaH MeponpHRTHH,
npouecca
CBOH
pa3pa6oTaHHble B HaqaAe roAa, HBAHIOTCH 'qaCTblO enKeroAHoro
B HaqaAe roAa
H pa3pa6oTKH 6loAmeTa.
nAaHHNOBaHHH
pacnpeAeARioT
KS jwepeMeNam
VyBWCTreAIJocTN
n7oAIzoeoHe
peCypCbl
6
TaKHM
AOCTH%Ib nocTaBAeHHbIX UeAeH.
o pa3oM,
MTo6bl
PY1OBOAHTeAH opraHH3ylOT H
BbinOAHHTb
nAaH
MeponpHHTHH
H
B TeqeHHe roAa pYKOBOAHTeAH ocyIIeCTBARIoT nOAHblH o6beM
pyROBOACTBa,
HO npH aToM o6paWaJoT oco6oe BHHMaHHe Ha TO o6cTosrreAbCTBO, -To6bi pa6OTHHKH, OTBeTCTBeHHbie 3a BbinOAHeHHe onpeAeAeHHbIX MeponpHRTHH nAaHa, BbinOAHRAH 6bl Hx
cBoeBpeMeHHO
AeRTeAbHOcTH.
H
o6ecneiHBaAH
HOAqHHeHHbIM
6bl
OUCHKy
HeO6XOAHMO
npOMe2myTO-1HbIX
o6ecneIHBaTb
Pe3yAbTaTOB
paBbRcHeHHe,
cBoeH
noAAjep2uy,
coo6pameHHR no oTAeAbHb1M BonpocaM, BO3MOKHOCTH HCnOA.b3oBaTb CBOH co6CTBeHHbie MblCAH H npeAAo2KeHHH. HM MoryT nOHaAo6HTbCS AonOAHHTCAbHbie pecypcbl. IIAaH
MepOnpHHTHH
Mo2KeT
pa3BHTHe
co6bJTHA
H peaAHCTHreCKHe
to6xoAbi"
qTo6bl
HeO6xOAHMblM
H
CBKOHOMHTb
nepeCMOTPCTb
noApa3AeAeHHH
6blTb
nepecMoTpeH,
BpeMq
Ha cKopeHIImee
HCKOTOpb1C
H pyKOBOAHTeAA,
TaK
'ITo6bi
npeAnoAo2KeHHa.
3aAaqH
He
OH oTpamKaA
HHorAa
BbinOAHeHHe AAA
Toro,
a B CBM3H C H3MeHeHHHMH
HeO2KHAaHHOe
MOryT 3aAaq.
'iTo6bi
noTpe6oBaTbcR HHorAa
6blBaeT
o6AerqHTb
2KH3Hb
B 6aHKOBCKHX
npHOpHTeTaX
B
TemeHHe roAa. HIepHoAHwecKH, nOAe3HbIM
B
npoiecce
MO2KeT OKa3aTbCH
OCyJJCCTBACHHH
MeAeHanpaBAeHHoro
OpMoaAbHoe ynpaBAeHHe
nIpOgeCCOM
pyKOBOACTBa,
Ha ocHOBe
O'eHb
HCnOAb3OBaHHR
nAaHOB MeponpHHTHH noApa.3AeAeHHR H 1?pOABH2KeHHH K UeAHM. Ka2KAb!H MecRg PYKOBOAHTeAb H
ero
Ha-aAbHHK
nOApa3AeAeHHH npenRTCTBHH,
MOryT
BCTpe'aTbCH
TaKHe
nOApa3AeAeHHR.
nOAHHTb
BCTpe'IH
'iTo6bi
npeACTaBA31OT 6
npaRTH'eCKH
Aio yiO
XOTOpb1e eMy Heo6XOAHMO
pyROBOACTBO, a AA
OUCHHTb
B03MO2KHOCTb 6
npo6Aemy,
o CyAHTb
ycnex
AeHTeAbHOCTH
AAR
PYKOBOAHTeAH
A106ble
OCAO2HeHHR,
npeOAOAeTb HAH 0 KOTOpbJX Heo6xOAHMO OMOBecTHTb
ero pyKOBOAHTeAR - 3TO npeKpaCHaH BO3MOflHOCTb rlOAy'iHTb AOCTOBePHY1O
H CBCey1O
HH)0pmMaULHIO
0 COCTOHHHH AeA
nOAHOCTbIO
B KYPCe AeA
Bcex nOApa3AeAeHHH,
BO3MO2KHOCTb
()OpMaAbHO
nOMOqb
nOAIHHeHHbIM
B nOApa3,AeACHHH
TBepAO
H3 nepBb1X pyK,
qT06bl 6blTb
HaXoAHjIHxcH no04 ero HaqaAOM; 8TO TaKme npHAep2rHBaTbCA
HaMeqeHHOH
AHHHH Ha
rryrH
AOCTH2KeHHR nOCTaBAeHHb1X 3aAaq. ECAH
nporpecc
MO2KHO CqHTaTb
Aa4OT BO3MO2KHOCTb
nOAomHTeAbHOH
yAOBAeTBOpHTeAbHbIM, o6paTHoii
nOAIqHHeHHbIM PYxOBOAHTeAeM H KoAAeKTHBOM. BCTpeCH MO0KHO npHHHTb
HCnOAb3OBaTb
KOppeKTHBHb1e
BbL3blBalOT
paCCMaTpHBalOT PYKOBOAHTreAHMH
B
KOHUe
OTHOCHTeAbHO
roAa
MepOnpHSTHH,
qTo bi HsMeHHTb qTO-AH60 B Ay-IM3O
Heo6xOAHMOCTH TaKHe MepOnpHHTHH
npOAeAbIBaTb
KaK
AHUIHIOIO
UpeieHHs
npe2KAe
CTOpOHy.
pa6oTy".
H
TaKHe
CHTyaUHH,
qeM CTaHeT
TaKue
MHorHe
camyio CyTb OTHOIJXeHHH H B3aHMOOTHOIIIeHHH
BCTpeCH
6aHKH MemAy
H nOAIHHeHHbIMH.
roAa
PYKOBOAHTeAb
PyxoBoAwreAb o6x3aTeAbHo AOA2KeH KOHMe
noHcKa HOBbiX rIyTeH
nAaHa
BCTpeqH
ympemAeHHA
HeyAoBAeTBopHTeAbHblH,
6
CAHIIKOM nO3AHO BMeCUHBaTbCS He
CBR3H Me2KAy PYKOBOAHTcAcM ECAH nporpecc
KaK BOBMO2KHOCTb
AeHCTBHE
TO TaKHe emeMeCH4Hbie
no CpaBHeHH10
C
AOA2KeH
UOABeCTH
coo6uHTb
3aAa4aMH,
HTOrH
pa6oTbl
0 peaAbHbIX pe3yAbTaTax,
nOCTaBAeHHbIMH
210
B
HaMaAe
H
OgeHHTb
KOTOphie
roaa
ycnexH.
noAyqeHbl
OAHOBpeMeHHO
B
C
CoB4aHHe qeAoseqecxoro
aHaAH3OM nPH4HH OTCTaBaHHH HAH Heycnexa noApa3leAeHHR
nepeBbInOAHeHHH BbluxeCTOHRI_HM
HaMeqeHHbIx pyKOBOAHTeAeM,
TaKaHI
noApa3AeAeHHH. qlaKTopoB, OCHoBHa.
igeAb
nepCOHaAOM
B
B
oUeHKH
CTpOHTCH9 HAH
3aBHCHMOCTH
OT
TaKaH e2KeroAHaR ogeHKa pa6oTbi
CBOIO
OUeHKy
aHaAH3a
Ha OCHOBe
B
TOM,
'iTo6bi
OgeHKH
nOAPa3AAeHuH
MO2KeT
pa6oTbI
3aAaq,
no
HaBbIKax.
npHHHTOH
pa6oTbl
nOApa3AeAeHH.9
MOmeT
6bITb
LI
HOTpe6HOCTb
noKa3aTeARM. HeO6XOAHMOCTb
o6ecne'eHHocTH
H o 6 opyAoBaHHH
pyKOBOAHTeAH.
BCKpblTb
nocTaBAeHHbIX
HaAHqHe MaTepHaAOB rlpaKTHKH
oAo6peH pa6oTbl
OTMeTHTb
npoieAypax,
bITb
AAH. pa6oTbl
C nepCOHaAOM
HcnOAb3OBaHa
KpaHHeH
B
B 6aHKe,
KaK 3aAaqa,
rOA H nlOTCHgHaAbHaR Mepe
B COBepluCeHCTBOBaHHH
HAH
pe3yAbTaTam
nAaHOB
CTOR!IaR nepeA pyKOBOAHTeAeM AaHHOrO IHOApa3AeACHHH Ha CAeAyiOlgHii BO3MOM2HOCTb
6
AOAmeH
HeAOBbinOAHCHHC
3aKAmomaeTCR
ero pa6oTbl,
H o6ocHoBaHHeM OTCTaBaHHJ1
OT'ieT
AaTb
nOApa3AeAeHHH,
nOAHTHKe
H Ka-ieCTBe
cAeAyioiiem roAy.
o6bPiHO
AOAMeH
nepeBbinOAHeHHe
e2KeroAHoA
COBepmleHCTBOBaHHH
KOTOpblH
ogeHKa
Bbl3BaBlUHx
TaKoiH
noKa3aTeAeH.
6aH,wa
i(ainmaa
OUeHKa
pa6oTbl
onpeAeACHHblX
HaBbIKOB
HAH H3MeHeHHH OUeHKH nOTpe6HOCTH B o6y-IeHHH AAA PYKOBOAHTCAH noApa3AeAeHHH.
Be;3 (lopMaAbHoro
MOHHTOPHHra
6
noApa3AeACHHH
0 bl-iHO
H OUCHKH
3a6bIBalOTCH
pe3yAbTaTOB
H He y"HTbIBalOTCH
3aAatiH
K KOHgy
TOpHHr H O4geHKa MOrYT HanpaBHTb BHHMaHHe Bcero nOAPaBAeACHHH PaSBHTHH
H
TeM
caMbIM
BHeCTH
BKAaA
MepOnpHRTHH
rlAaHbl
MOHH-
Ha OCHOBHbie npHOPHTeTbi
nOApa3AeAeHHR
AOCTHKeCHH
B
H
roAa. (t)OpMaAbHbIi
H
onpeAeAHHe
B
HOTpe6HOCTeH B o6yqeHHH nepCOHaAa HOApa-3AeAeHHH B TeneHHe nocAeAyiougero rOAa.
Ynpaw.ieHHe
B
7OOIfpeHHJMM
Ka2KAOM 6aHKe AOA2tHbI CYU4CCTBOBaTb MHOrOmqCAeHHbIe (OpMbi nOOu peHHf.
nOAaralOT, nOTOMY
WTO
YTO
4)OpMOU
OCHOBHOU
3TO
nOBbliuIaIT
MO0KHO
nlOOlgpCHHR
CTaTyC
pa6OTHHKa,
C'IHTaTb
,aeT
eMy
HeKoTopbie
llpOABH2KeHHe
6oAee
no
WHpOKHe
CAy2K6e,
nOAHOMO'IHR,
BbICOKYIO 3apa6oTHyIO nAaTy H npO'IHe AbrOTbI. ApyrHe C4HTalOT, HTO camoe xopouiee Bo3HarpamAeHHe
-
BTO MaTepHaAbHOe:
AOnOAHHTeAbHbIX
CyMM,
BO3Harpa2KAeHHH
MO2KCT
XOpOIiiyIO AOA2KHOCTb,
'ITO BTO 6blTb
npH6aBAeHHe
3apnAaTbl,
npaKTH'ICKH
eAHHCTBeHHaR
Ha3HaqeHHe
Ha
a TaKme OqfHijHaAbHbie
pa6oTy
BbIlnAaTbi
B
npeMHi
H cnegHaAbHbIX
CaMaH
BamKHaH (pOpMa.
OMeHb
xopoIuee
HarpaAbi, fpeMHH,
(I)OpMOH
MCCTO
HAH
Ha
geHHbie nOAapKH, nOXBaAbHbIe
H rio'ieTHbIe rpaMOTbI, o6IMeCTBeHHoe nPH3HaHHe HAH npOCTO Ao6poe CAOBO Co CTOpOHbl KoAAer
B oco6eHHocTH 3a rpaHHM,eH,
HAH HasaAbCTBa. O6ymeHHe,
B
nooigpeHHI.
Tome paccmaTpHBaCTCH
HeKOTOPbIX CTpaHaX pa6oTa B rOCyAapCTBeHHOM
cama no ce6e CqHTaCTCR
nOOU4peHHeM
A
pa6oTHHKa.
B
6
KaK qpopMa
aHKe HMeeT BbICOKHU CTaTyc H
ApyrHx
CTpaHax
6aHKoBcKoe
ACAO
MaAonpeCTHKHO.
Mbl BCe opraHH.3aUH
CAHHOAYIUIHbI
B TOM, 'TO
CHHTaeM B03Harpa2ACHHC Ba2iHOH MepOUi.
BOAbUIHHCTBO
nbITalOTcH AOCTH4b nporpammoH noOu4peHHR Tpex MeAeH:
*
npHBAeMb HY2KHO
*
coxpaHHTb Heo6xoAHMbIx pa6oTHHKoB,
*
MOTHBHPOBaTb
AOCTH2KeHHXM, PyKOBOAHTeAeH
KOAH4eCTBO
Bcex
K K
HOBbIX pa6oTHHKoB BbICOKoro YPOBHH KBaAH(PHKaUHH;
pa6OTHHKOB,
nOBblIueHHIO AOCTH2MCHHIO
CoBeplJleHCTBOBaHHH,
H 6
npo yAHTb
B
HHX
npocfeccHOHaAbHoro BamKHbIX
pe3yAbTaToB,
K cO3AaHHIO pe3epBOB Ha 6yAyLgee.
211
HHTCpeC
ypOBHsI, K
CepbC3HbIM
K
TpyAOBbIM
MOTHBHpOBaTb nporpaMMaM
Yiepeixieiw'e pKwonoACTra NiO3MizoiINK'He
eAbHocTN K mepemeHam
v mcTCrT
HeKoTopbie opraHH.3aHH HAyT AaAbIUe H flbITa}OTCR HCHOAb3OBaTb CHCTeMy InOOIgpeHHH AAR AOCTH2KeHHX ApyrHx Ba2KHbIX UeAeH: pa3BHTb HAH YKPenHTb KyAbTypy npOH3BOACTBa, yKpenrrb opraHH3aMHJO
H
noApa3AeAeHHem
nAaHOB
OpHeHTHPOBaTbCH Pa6OTHHKH
pyKoBoAHTreAeH,
pOAb
CO
Ha
CHH2KeHHe
CBOeH
3aTpaT
rioAAepmaTb
HeriocpeACTBeHHO BCe opraHH3aUHH
npH
B cBOeHi
BbinOAHeHHe
pa6OTe
OCylgeCTBAeHHH
npOrpaMMbI
noojpeHHe
BO3MOmHOCTb
KaK
AOA2KHbl
nOOIlpeHHH. nOAyqeHHI
AAR noAAepa2KHH.9 ceMbH, yAy'liueHHH yCAOBHH H KaqecTBa 2KH3HH,
nCHXOAorHqeCKoro
CpeACTBO
HAH
KOHe9HO,
paccmaTpHBalOT
CTOPOHbI
AOnOAHHTeAbHbIX CpeACTB KaK
H
H 3aAaq.
yAOBAeTBOpeHHH,
KaK
nOKa.3aTeAb
HX
nOAO2KeHH9,
KaK
nOATBePmAeHHe HX ycnexoB B pa6oTe HAH KaK-HH6yAb euje. BaHKH,
KOTOpbie
B
AoAroro
TeqeHHe
BpeMCHH
noolipeHHH, MOryT CAeAaTb BTO C nOAb3OHfi AA
He
nepecMaTpHBaloT
CBOIO
CHCTeMy
ce6H. CHCTeMa nOoigpeHHH B 6aHKe HHqero He
roBopHT o Hy2Aax camoro 6aHKa. MHorHe 6aHKH B pa3BHBaIOUJHXC3I
CTpaHaX HMelOT CHCTeMy
noOlupeHHH, HanOMHHaiOigyEO nporpammy 3aluHTbi rOCYAapCTBeHHbIX CAy2IalujHX. TeM BpeMeHeM,
CHCTeMa HHTepecOB
H noTpe6HOcTeH
6aHKa
CyJeCTBeHHO
OTAHqaeTcs
OT
Hy2BA H HHTepeCOB rocyAapcTBeHHoro yIpe2KAeHHH B AeAe npHrAaliueHHR Ha pa6ory, yAepmaHHH H B03Harpa2KAeHH B
npouIAoe,
XOpOIIIHX pa6OTHHKOB.
OHH yCTapeAH, 4eAH H .3aAaqH 6aHKoB H3MeHHAHCb,
nOOJgpeHHH.
HOBOH CHCTeMbi
AOA2KHOCTH H HepapxHH, HOCHT
poAHTeAbCKHH
BCTyriAeHHH
noKamaTeAeH. BbICOKHX
B
6paK,
xapaKTep: AHH
6aHKa. HarpaAbl
AeTeH,
PO?KAeHHH
HporpaMMa
TpaAH4HEO onAaTbI HeKoTopbix
6aHKoB
no
nOBOAy
CBOHM CAy2taigHM
He YqHTbIBaH
npH
BTOM
TPYAOBbIX
AioAeHi.
CHCTeMa
nooI1peHHH
B
HeKOTOpbix
6aHKax
He
a AeMOTHBHpyeT pa6oTHHKoB.
CyuJeCTByio0uaH
CHCTeMa
MOujHbIM
nOOujpeHHH
OHH
oTpa2KaeT
C
H
Ha
npHHRTYIO
oco6oro
pa6oTbl,
TOpM030M,
TaK H
B
B npOUIAOM
KyAbTypbl.
KyAbTypy H RBAHeTCH
noou peHHH
ECAH
BAHHHHH
npoH3BOACTBeHHYIO
H noK3mTeAefH,
noMoraeT Co3AaHHIO COBepiIIeHHO HHOH KyAbTypbl.
npOH3BOACTBeHHOH
npOTeKKHOHH3Me,
poAa
pe3yAbTaTax
pe3yAbTaTOB
MO2KeT CTaTb KaK cepbe3HbIM
AAA
coxpaHeHHH.
HHM oTHoIueHHRx,
co3AaIOT
OCHOBblBaeTCH
AOCTH2KeHHH OnpeAeAeHHbIX
BamHa
yAep2KaHHH
ee
XOPOIIHX
AeTeH/,
Bo3HarpamAeHHe
mpe3BblNaHHO
pbPiaroM
pa6oTHHKa,
KOAH'IeCTBe
BblnAaqHBalOT
pO2KAeHHA,
onbITHblX
nooIIpeHHH
Bo3paCTe
OHH
HHTepecoB
MHorHM 6aHKaM C TpyAOM yAaeTca npHrAaCHTb Ha pa6oTy xoporrnHx pa6oTHHKoB,
CHcTeMa
omeHb
H BCe STO Tpe6yeT pa3pa6oTnw
HeKoTopble 6aHKH COXpaHHioT HCTOpHqeCKY1O
MTO He OTpa2KaeT
CneUHaAHCTOB
MoTHBHpyeT,
FporpaMMbl pHAa 6aHKOB YXOAST CBOHMH KOPHHMH
OcHOBaHbi /HaAHqHH
KyAbTypy.
cnpaBeAAHBOCTH,
Ha H
ECAH
O6beKTHBHOCTH,
BHeCeHHH COBepHIeHCTBoBaHHH,
- BTO
AeHCTBHTeAbHOCTH CHCTeMa nOoujpeHHH
Ba82HbIM
pblmaroM
H3MeHeHHH
H ynpaBAeHHR
KyAbTypbl.
IpH nepecMOTpe CyugeCTByIOu4eH 6biBaeT HamaTb C TOrO, MTo6bi
OnpeAeAHTb TpyAa,
H
C '1eM
BO3HarpamAeHHR
YCTaHOBHTb 3aAa%IH
Mbl CBS3bIBaeM
npoaHaAH3HpoBaTb
CHCTeMbi
3apriAaTy,
CHCTeMy
c
CHCTeMbi
TOqKH
onAaTbi
3a TPYA
OrLAaTbI Tpy4a. ApyrHMH
KaKHe (JaKTopbI
BTOH
H
3peHHH.
BAHIHOT
nOAe3HO CAOBaMH,
Ha BeCOMOCTb orAaTbl
HanpHMep,
nOCTaBHB
3aAaqH,
KOTOpble o6Cyy2AaAHCb BbIULe, KaKHe npo6AeMbl AOAMHbI MbI o6CyAHTb B XOAe aHaAH3a:
* BOsMOmHOCTh Heo6xoAHMo
pIHBAeveHHe
npHrAaCHTb
pa6oTHNIoB BhbCOI(Oro KaAH6pa. Ha
TaKHX
pa6oTHHKoB?
212
Io.3BoAHeT
AH
KaKHe AOA2KHOCTH HaM
HaM
aTO CAeAaTb Hamua
CorawHe qeAouevecxroro xranrHaAa 6a&Ha CHcTeMa
MeAOM *
onAaTbi
MOryT
6
KaK Hamua 3apa6oTHaH
TpyAa?
nLaTa H HainH YCAOBHR pa6oTbI
B
blTb COnOCTaBAeHbl C HaiuHMH OCHOBHbIMH KOHKypeHTaMH?
Heo6xoN4HMocTm CoxpaHeHzI Heo6xoN4HMbIx pa6omwuxoB. ECTb AH y Hac npo6AeMa B TOM,
qTo6bi COXpaHHTb
XOpOIIIHX
pa6oTHHnKoB?
CTpaHaX TaKOH inpo6AeMbl He HMelOT/.
/MHorHe
IlOTepHAH
AH Mbl
6aHKH
B pa3BHBmuOIHxCR
Koro-HH6yAb
H3 XOpOIIIHX
pa6oTHHKoB H3-3a CHCTeMbi OrLAaTbI Tpy4ad
*
*
IoRBuueHHe 3aHrTepecoBaHHocrN pa6o7HHKoB. MomeT AH Hamiia CHCTeMa OnAaTbi TPYAa npeACTaBAHTb HHTepeC AAM Bcex ypOBHeH HaIUHX pa6oTHHKoB H 3aCTaBHTb HX pa6oTaTb xOpOMO? Io4aepNwHBaTh
KyAbrypy,
npoHSBoACTBeHHoH HaM
HymHO?
xoropypo
Mbl
KyAbType COOTBeTCTByeT
Haiua
HacKoAbKo
crapaemczq
To
HaLua CHCTeMa onAaTbI?
CHCTeMa
OriaTbI
KaKoHi
crp MpohaTb. AH
3TO,
rOAAePMHBaeT
9TO
pa3BHTHe
npoH3BoACTBeHHoH KyAbTypbl, KOTOpY1O Mbl CTapaeMCA paCIIWHpHTb? •
YcHAesHe
opraHANagaHH. OTpa2KaeT
OnpeAe-AeHHbIX
AH
Hauia
AOA2KHOCTeH B opraHH3agHH?
CHCTeMa
OrAaTbI
TpyAa
Cyu4ecTByloT AH B opraHH3aUHH
CTHMYAHPOBaHHH TpyAa, KOTOpbie 6bl nOAAepAKHBaAH 2KeAaHHe pa6OTHHKOB ce6n 60AbuIyIo OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb /H, B
*
CHCTeMe
orAaTbI
6
CAeAOBaTeAbHO,
npeAycmoTpeHO
TpyAa
3Ha9ieHHe
OAbllHH pHCK/? BOMMOKHOCTeH
"pOMbl
IHHHRTb Ha
0ocTaToqHo AH
maTepHaAbHoro
CTHMYAHPOBaHHH HHAHBHAyaAbHoro pOCTa H nOBbinieHHH KBaAHq)HKa]HH pa6oTHHKoB? HoAiAep2KaHHe AOCTH2KeHHH B o6AacTH BbiriOAHeHHH AeAOBbIX MeponppHfTHH H pemIeHHSI
saAan
pa6oTHHxa, AH
B
nloApa3AeAeHHH. 6oAee
9em
3aKAI0oaeTCA
CBH3b
noKa3aTeAeH
HHAHBHAYaAbHOrO
noApa3AeAeHHq HAH 6aHKa B UCAOM H OrlaTbI TpyAa pa6oTHHKoBd MomeT
npfiMaA
CBH3b
cnoco6cTBoBaTb
noBblxueHHlo
saHHTepecoBaHHocTH
PYKOBOAHTeAH HAH pyROBOAHTCAeH H nepCOHaAa B AOCTH2KCHHH CTOHsnHX nepeA HHMH UeAeHi?
*
KOHTpoAb nAaTy? HalllHMH
3arpaT.
3
IpelKTHBHO AH Mbi ynpaBAMem CBOHMH pacxoAaMH Ha 3apa6oTHywO
Bce AH cpopMbl OriAaTbl TpyAa, pa6OTHHKaMH
KOTOpbie
Mbi npeAoCTaBAReM,
OgeHHBalOTCH
nO-HaCTOHqueMy?
ECAH Bbipa3HTb cpeACTBa, pacxoAyembie sapa6oTHylo nAaTy B npoueHTax IK aKTHBaM, co6AioAaeM AH MbI HopMaTHBbl?
B
3aBHCHMOCTH OT pe3yAbTaTOB BTOrO
Ha
aHaABa 6aHK AOA2KeH pa3pa6oTaTb cTpaTerHaecKHe
HanpaBAeHHH1 B HM3eHeHHH CyU4eCTByioUeH CHCTeMbl onAaTbi: BBeCTH KOHTpOAb 3aTpaT, 6oAee SqXpeKTHBHO HCnOAb3OBaTb CpeACTBa, BbiAeAeHHbIe B (PoHA 3apa6oTHof r nAaTbi, COOTBeTCTBOBaTb KOHKypeHTHb!M 3aTpaTaM Ha 3apa6oTHylO riAaTy, nOBbICHTb MaTCpHaAbHY!O
3aHHTepecoBaHHOCTb pa6oTHHKoB, HAH
tawOe-AH60
coseTaHHe
pa3pa6oTaTb CHCTeMy OnAaTbl 3a BbICOKoe lcaseCTBO TpyAa
BCeX
CHCTCM
H
repCcMOTpeTb
CBOIO
CHCTeMy,
-!To6bi
oHa
COOTBeTCTBOBaAa cTpaTerHH ytipeŽKAeHHR.
Ha KOHKpeTHyiO CHCTeMy OnAaTbI TpyAa, pa3pa6OTaHHyIo A10 6 biM 6aHKoM, 6 yAyT oKa3blBaTb cepbesHoe BAHHHHe MeCTHbie H o6WeHaaHoHaAbHbIe (paKTopbI, Ho nOCKOAbKy 6aHKH npHAepm2HaaioTC
BCe 6oAee KoMMepqeeCKoH opHeHTaiaHH H BeAyT caoio pa6oTy B 6 OAee H 6oAee KOHxypeHTHb1X YCAOBHRX, npeA4bRBARioiHX BbICOKHH ypoBeHb Tpe6oBaHHH, cTaHOBHTCR Bce 6oAee nOACe3HbIM pa3pa6aTblBaTb qpOpMb! npHMOH CBR3H noKa3aTeAeH pa6oTbl HHAHBHAyaAbHOrO pa6oTHHKa H ero noApa3AeAeHuH.
B 6oAbmIHHcTBe CTpaH oriAaTa TpyAa npeACTaBAAeT MOigHbiH
CTHMyA AAm pa6oTHHKoB. CBR3b Me2Ay onAaToH TpyAa H pe3yAbTaTaMH TpyAa MOmeT oKa3aTb
213
K 1epeMeCHM
YKpeCilAime pywOO.o4'CTRa N 1ORbMIeNHHe 'i"CTBITeAbfhHOCT
Aer'ie
H ceiuiac aTo ropaSAo
TpyAa.
pe3yAbTaTOB
Ha yAy'IlUeHHe
BAHBHHe
3Ha%IHTeAbHOe
iem KorAa-AH6o.
ocyuIIeCTBHTb
AeAOBble nAaHbl, 3aAa'IH, yAy"IeHHaH ynpaBAeHm'ecKaA HHPOpMaaHH, ycoBepueHCTBOBaHHaH
CHCTeMa arrecTaUHH, 6oAee AHCUnHIAHHHPOBaHHaH CHCTeMa KpeAHTOB H npogecca ynpaBAeHHR, - BCe BTO CAAYKHT OCHOBHbIM HCTOMHHlKOM AAR o6,beKTHBHoii BO3MOmHOCTH cBHsaTb pe3yAbTaTbi pa6oTbI H onAaTy pa6oTHHKa.
rpOABHraEOT
OCHOBaHHH pa6oTHHKoB
Haiemy pa6o'erMy
coo6uEaeM
O6OCHOBaHHO
pa6oTHHKoB?
BO3MO2KHOCTb
npeAOCTaBAHIOT
HeMaTepH&AbHb1e
HC11OAb3yeM
B
noApa3AeAeHHH?
H
pa6oTHHKoB
oTAeAbHbIX
KaK
TaKHe
IIOOUJpeHHR,
AH
FlpaBHAbHO
KoTopble
H aqc4eEKTHBHO
OTMe4alOT
Mbl
AH
nl
THbl!
XOpOmyIO
pa6oTy
npeMHH,
HarpaAbI,
'ITO noou1jpeHHR B
AH CKa3aTb,
M02KHo
geAOM,
npOABH2!eHHR
MecTa,
pa6oqHe
BcerAa AH pyKOBOAHTCAH
npH3HaHHC?
o6ujecTBeHHoe
rpaMOTbl,
cpOpMbl
H
AOAMHOCTH
pa6oTbl?
HHTCpeCHOU
H
BbIABH2KeHHH
npalKTHKY
'epe3
KOAAeKTHBY
HTO Mbl
AOCTaTo4Hbl AH 8TH OCHOBaHHR?
no cAy2K6e?
AHl 3aHHMaIOTCH
Ha KaKoM
noOUJPeHHR.
CHCTeMbI
KOMnOHeHTbI
H ApyrHe
nepecMOTpeTb
TaK2Ke
CAeAyeT
OpraHH3agHH 6oAee BAHRTeAbHan (popMa BO3AeHCTBHH qeM HaKa3aHHe?
B
o6ujefi nepeogeHKH
xoAe
Ha
npen.RTCTBHH
ycTapeBuHre
nOBeAeHHR,
CTHMyAHpOBaHuH
CHCTeMbi
nOOUgpeHHH H
nyTH K ycnexy
B
6aHKe
qXpeCKTHBHbie
6oAee
HOBble,
HaiTrH
OTMeHHTb
TaK2Ke
MO0KHO
nyTH
ycnexa B YCAOBHRX cerOAHaRIuHeA
Heo6xoAHMoro AAA rapaHT1H
peaAbHOCTH.
MOTNONpOOaHHe irapbepbr HoBaH
riooIgpeHHH
CHCTeMa
6
MO0CT
MOTHBHpOBaHHH, nOBbIi1IeHHR 3aHHTepecOBaHHOCTH OHa TaK2Ke MO2KeT OKa3aTbCH
geACHanpaBAeHHOm
OnpeAeAeHHOM cnoco6HbIX pa oTHHKoB
H
HlpH
CKpOMHbie
nyrH
tKaTOMy
Bofipocy,
CTHMYAHPOBaHHR y
B pe3yAbTaTe
BO3MO2KHOCTH
ee 3Ha'eHHe AAR
KoHTeKCTe:
HOBOM nOAXOAe
3aHHTepeCOBaHHOCTb
HCIIOAb3OBaTb
AyMille
IIIHPOKOM
aHaAH3e M02HO HaATH HOBbie
IIOBbICHTb
pa6oTHHKoB,
6
B pe3yAbTaTaX cBoero TpyAa B opraHH3a1gHH,
H B 6oAee
B 6aHKe HeogeHHMO.
HOBOH CpeAbI
CO3AaHHS
nOACe3HOA
onpeAeAeHHoro
AAH
HcriOAb3oBaHa
blTb
HaHMeHee
npH
caMbix
cpeAHHx
MHorHx
nOArOTOBAeHHOHi
H
HaHMeHee cnoco6Hofi MaCTH pa6oTaiougHx.
Cmrya"UHM CTpeMHTbCH
B
Ka82AOM
HCKaTb
CBOH
6aHKe
MO2KeT
6bITb
rIyTH
BbIXOAa
H
OnlbITa o6AaCTH
6eceAbI
B ynpaBAeHHH
H HaBbIKOB
6aHKOBCKoro
B rpynnax
Heo6xoAHMbie AA.
HaH6oAee
AeAa.
MOryT
Mo2KeT OKa3aTbcH, 'ieAOBe'eCKHMH
BbITb
nOMO4b
nOTOMY
coBepiueHCTBOBaHHR.
npHeMbi ynpaBAeHHA MOrYT CTOAKHyTbCH C cepbe3HbIMH nepeCMOTpeTb H MOAWCHjHUpOBaTb.
H
pa3HOfi,
Mo2KCT
6aHK
AOAmeH
COBpeMeHHble
HeroTopble
npo6AeMaMH. MomeT
6blTb HX CTOHT
'TO PYKOBOAHTeAH He HMeIOT 6OAbumoro
peCypCaMH
opraHmagm
HM HCnpaBBHTb
KtamAbHi4
B
onpeAeAeHHOHi
o6yieHHH
rioAO2KeHHe,
HAM
pa3BHTb
KOHKpeTHOH
CHCTeMaTHqecKHe
'qyTKOCTb H
ApyrHe
ynpaBAeHHH B HOBOHi npaKTHKe HaBbIKH.
BepOHTHO,
C'HTaTb, 'ITO
A!OA)X B nOHCKaX nyTH K ycnexy. A!oAefi HeT HH yMeHHH,
6aHK 6oAbmiie
ZtAA
Toro 'ITo6bl
HH AOCTaTo'HbIX CTHMyAOB.
214
cOCpeAOTO'HACA Ha
onepagHRx,
6 MeHHTb 'ITO-AH O B BTOH
a He
npaKTHKe
Ha
y
Co-raowe veAoaeqecroro ira(U
ata 6mra
FocAe
Toro, KaK 6yAeT onpeAeAeHa noTpe6HocTb B BToH o6AacTH, peieHHR MoryT HaiAeHbl o6AacTRx: coBepmeHCTBOBaHHe peaAbHbIX pa6o-Hx yCAOBHH AAR nepcoHaAa, cMeHa CTHAR OTHOweHHH c pa6OTHHKaMH Ha 6oAee AeMOKpaTHqecKHH, 6oAee npoAyMaHHoe B
pasAHqHbIX
pacnpeAeAeHue
o6Rl3aHHocTeH, pa6oqHx MeCT H Aame OTAeAbHbIX 3aAaHHH, coBepweHCTBOBaHHe o6yqeHsH, TaKHM o6pa3oM qTo6bl AaTb BO3MOmHOCTb pa6OTHHKaM nOqyBCTBOBaTb CBOU cTaTyc, 6oAbMYIo yBepeHHOCTb B ce6e Ha pa6oTe, 6oAbmyO cBo6oAy H OTKPbITOCTb B o6ugeHHHI, iTo6bi nOMOqb AIOARM rIOqYBCTBOBaTb ce6i 'aacTbIO KoMaHAbi, KoAAeKTHBa, 3aHRToro eAHHbiM AeAOM, CO3AaTb onugeHHe CnpaBeAAHBOCTH B pacIpeAeAeHHH 3aAaHHH H npOABHmeHHR no cAy2K6e, B noou PCHHH pa6oTHHKoB, HCnOAb3OBaTb nepeea HX Ha ApyrHe pa6oqHe MecTa, 'rTo6bi CHRTb MOHOTOHHOCTb H CKY4HOCTb BbInOAHeHHS OAHHX H TeX 2me 3amaHHH B Te'eHHe AAHTeAbHOrO BpeMeHH, o6eCllemHTb pa3'bCHeHHe OmHAaeMbix OT pa6oTbl pe3yAbTaTOB H noArOToBKy pa6oTHHKoB TaKHM o6pa3oM, mTo6bi cnoco6cTBoBaTb nOAy'eHHIO BTHX pe3yAbTaToB.
HaM
npHXOAHTCE
opraHH3aUHsx/,
BHAeTb
KoTopbIe
opraHH3agHH
HMeCOT
BbICOKHH
no
BceMy
ypoBeHb
ropAOCTH 3a CBOIO pa6oTy H CBOio opraHH3agHio.
MHpy
/HAH
HacTpoeHHOCTH
CAbUlhaTb Ha
ycnex,
0
TaxHX 'yBCTBO
Taxoe OTHOuieHHe He 6biBaeT CAy'aHHbIM.
BOAbuioe
H nOCTORHHoe BHHMaHHe K KoAAeKTHBy, BHeApCHHe Aam2e He6OAbuHx, HO CeAeHanpaBAeHHb1X H3MeHeHHH B npaKTHKY pa6oTbl, - Bce aTH H ApyrHe Ae4CTBHR noMoryT 6aHKy B pa3BHBalojicHcA cTpaHe ABHraTbc.R 6blcTpee B cBoeM pa3BHTHH, wTO qpesBbi'aMHo Ba2KHo ceroAHR.
AmAwaoe ,ylpaeAIeHe KameTcTC, -ITO aTo H36HTaH (ppa3a, 'ITO pYKOBOACTBO AOA2KHO pyXOBOAHTb. A TeM He MeHee MHe BO MHOrHX MmecTax npHXOAHAOCb BcTpeCaTb AJoAeC H cHTyaUHH, KOrAa PYKOBOAHTeAH H e ynpaBAHloT. 14acTo OHH BbicTynalOT B pOAH ItnoqToBoro oTAeAeHHR , 0 KOTOpOM H yme roBOpHA Bbluie, Yepe3 xoTopoe rlpOXOA9T AHpeKTHBbI H oTqeTbl, CBePXY BHH3 H CHH3Y BBePX, COOTBeTCTBeHHO, HHOrAa OHH ynpaBARIOT KaKHMH-TO orpaHHmeHHb1MH nO MaCUITa6aM npoUeAypaMH, OHH MOFYT npOBOAHTb MHOrHC 'iaCbI e2KeAHeBHO, nOAnHCb1BaS nHCbMa, BbXAaBaR BcSi'ecKHe pacnopR?KeHHR H paspeSeHHR H 3aHHMaRCb pasHbiMH 6yMaraMH. OHH Moryr COCTaBARTb UHPKYARpbl H yKa3aHHR AAR CBOHX nOA'IHHeHHbIX H 6blTb HCTO-IHHKOM OAHOCTOpOHHeH ROMMyHHKa1HH. H, KOHeCHO, OHH saceAaiOT Ha MHOrO'HCAeHHbIX COBeCgaHHRX.
Ho
B HX AeRTeAbHOCTH OTpamaeTCR pOAb py'KOBOAHTeAR, KM OHa 3aAyMaHa H HcnOAHHeTCR B yIpe2mAeHHH, B oco6eHHOCTH pOAb pyKoBoAHTeAR CpeAHerO H AHHeCHoro 3BeHa ynpaBAeHHR. Mx noBeAeHHe oTpamaeT npoH3BOACTBeHHYIO KyAbTypy, B KOTOpOH pyroBOAHTeAH, no CyTH AeAa, 6o0TcH 6paTb Ha ce6H pHCK ynpaBAeHNR, Aa, no npaBAe roBOpH, HHKTO H He KAeT BTOrO OT HHX. Mx noBeAeHHe MOmKeT 6blTb roBTopeHHeM MoAeAH, KOTOPYIO OHH Ha6AioAaAH B TeCeHHe MHorHX AeT B cBOeM 6aHKe H KoTopoe RBAReTcH He TOAbKO oTpaB2eHHCM npomAoro, HO H Bb1pa2KeHHeM HX co6cTBeHHoro corAacHR c aTHM npOBAbIM. OHH He PYKOBOART,
Kax
6
He ynpaBARiOT.
bl HCTOPH'iCcKH
6OAbMHHCTBe
cTpaH
He o6'SIcHRAaCb 6
Tpe yeT,
mTo6bI
CHTyaNHs,
PYKOBOAHTeAb
CerOAHRIHaR
6aHKoBcKas
nparXTHKa B
ynpaBARA, 'To6bi aTO ynpasAeHHe OCYUJAeCTBASAOCb Ha BCeX ypOBHRX 6aHKa H paCnpOCTpaH.LAOCb Ha BCe ero noApa3AeAeHHR. Mbl AOA2KHbl BHAeTb aTO B PYKoBOAMTeAe KpeACTHb1X cAy2K6, B noApa3AeAeHHH 6yxraATepcKoro y,teTa, pyKoBoAHTrAe 6aHKoBCKHX onepagHH, B cAym6e KoMnbioTepHoHi noAAepmrH, Ha YPOBHe
215
YfrpeOAeHHe pjwoaJoCTJraN pyKOBoAHTeAeH
oTAeACHHH
pyxOBOAHTeAH,
HCXOAs
B
no-CBOeMy
6aHK
onpeAeASeT
X
AaHHOH pa6oTe Mbi He MO2KeM onpeAeAHTh nopTpCT
MbI
MomeM
cpaBHeHHH
TO9Ka
HAH
pOAb
AOBCpHE
OpraHH3agHH,
(PHAOCOCpHH
BaM
npCAAO?KHTb
O6S3aHHOCTeH
CnHCOK
Mlar, BaK
ero AeHCTBHH. OH MOmeT 6bITb HCnOAb3OBaH B 6aHKe xaK nepBbli
OTctleTa
TOqKa
Ho
KamAbHi
cTpaTerHH,
cBoeu
PyKoBoAHTeAsi.
pyxoBoAHTeAa,
T.A.
H
H yBepeHHOCTH B HeM.
PYKoBoAHTeA1o
IHeaAbHoro
6aHKa
H3
ir iiepemema
NCV7zwrTA,bNfoCrN ioBmLieONHe
npH
Bbipa6oTKe
nyTeii.
co6CTBeHHbIX
HRIT,
pyROBOAHTeAb: *
rOTOBHT OnepaTHBHbliH nAaH cBoero nOApa3AeAeHHH;
*
CTaBHT BbicOKHe, HO AOCTH2KHMbie 5eAH CBOeMy noApa3AeAeHHIO;
*
pa3pa6aTbiBaeT nAaH npaKTH'eCKHX MepOnpHHTHH AAA BbInOAHeHHS 3aAaq; opraHH3yeT HCnOAbAOBaHHe, pacnpeAeAeHHe H qpOpMHpOBaHHe pecypcoB
*
cBoero
nOApa3AeAeHH.9 AAR AOCTH2KeHHfl nOCTaBAeHHbiX 3aAaaq; axTHBH3HpyeT
*
pa6oTy
nOBbiuIaeT
CBOHX nOAqHHeHHbIX,
3aHHTepecoBaHHocTh
HX
B
pa6oTe H HanpaBAReT HX BHHMaHHe Ha npHopHTeTHbie o6AaCTH;
o6ecneqHBaeT KpHTHMecKylo OUeHKy pa6oTbl CBOHX nOA'qHHeHHbIX H nOAAep2KKY HM,
*
eCAH BTO Heo6XOAHMo; KaAPOB nOApa3AeAeHsH,
*
npHHHMaeT Ha ce6.1 OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a KOMnAexTOBaHHe
*
3a HX o6yqeHHe H o6ecneqeHHe HOpMaAbHbIX pa6omHx ycAOBHH; KOHTPOAHpyeT pa6oTy nOA4IHHeHHblX, o6ecneqHBaa HapHAy C ApyrHM H KOHTPOAb xasecTBa pe3yAbTaTOB HX AeHTeAbHOCTH; noAAep2KHBaeT XOpOIIIHe pa6oMHe OTHOiIIeHHS C AHJaMH Hs ApyrHx noApa3AeAeHHH 6aHKa H H3 ApyrHx opraHH3aiHHf, KOTOpbie moryT nOMOMb noApa3AeAeHHIO nOAy'HTb
*
pecypcbi, opraHH3oBaTb pa6oTy H T.A.; noAyqaeT,
*
o6pa6aTblBaeT
H pacnipocTpaHHeT
HHcpOpMagUH10
C
nOBbIlUeHHR
MeAb1O
BaqcIeKTHBHOCTH pa6oTbl nOApasAeAeHHH; 3blICKHBaeT BO3MO2KHOCTH COBepiu1eHCTBOBaHHl nOAHTHKH nOApa3AeAeHMR, npojeAyp 6 co3AaeT H cnoco6cTByeT KaeCTBa H o UMHX pe3yAbTaTOB pa6oTbl, pa6oTblm,
*
nOAO2KHTeAbHbIM nepemeHam; onpeAeAHeT npo6Aembi H npeABocxHujaeT Hx nOaBAeHHe, HMueT ryITH HX peU1eHHS. aTO PyKoBoBAHTeAH MOryT COCTaBAHTb OT 10 AO 15 npOUeHTOB Bcex pa6oTHHKoB 6aHKa, HO *
KpHTM(eCRCas
nOHHMaAaCb
rpynna. OqeHb Ba2mHO, tiTo6bl HX pOAb B 6aHKe 6bIAa qeTKO onpeAeAeHa, 'eTrO BceMH H 6bIAa 6bl noAqepKHyTa, Aam2e ycHAeHa nyTeM noCTOSHHOI'o BHHMaHHH
BbiU1eCTORugerO
K HX
PYKOBOACTBa
COBepllleHCTBOBaHHM H, MO2eT
3axwAoq
6
npo6AeMam
H AeAaM,
K
BO3MO2KHOCTH
Ne
H 'IHCAa pa6oTHHKOB, noA60p Heo6xOAHMblx yMeHHi,
KOAAeKTHBa, ORTHMH3aIHH COCTaBa
KoTopmbe Ba2KHbl
AAR pa6oTbi B 6aHKe,
pa3BHTHe xyAbTypbi 6aHxa, - Bce aTO npo6AeMbi OrpOMHOH Ba2KHOCTH. Ho CBOHX
BaHK AoAmeH
COTpyAHHKOB
BbiCOKOrO
o6y"eHHM,
bITb, 'lepe3 CHCTCMy nOougpeHHM.
YMeHHe opraHH3oBaTb aqxpeKTHBHyIO pa6oTy TPYAOBOrO
Bcex BOnpOCOB.
HX
AAA
HenocpeACTBeHHO
cTpeMHTbCM
AOCTHMeHHR
3aAaqa
KameCTBa pa6oTbI pyKOBOAHTeAH
OHH He OxBaTblBaJOT
H aRTHBHO PYKOBOAHTb pa6oToH
y'pemAeHHR.
BHeApeHHe
H
nOAAepmaHHe
MO2KeT CAymrHTb Ba2Hb1M OTnpaEHbIM
216
MOMeHTOM.
COB aHNNe VeAoaeecJzro FEaiJHTaAa 6aHJa Paspa6oTKa
paSBHTHH opraHH3aUHH, peaAHCTH'eCKHX Ka2KAOMY
CTpaTerHH
npaKTHMqeCKHX
OnepaTHBHbiX
H
BblAeAReT nepBoomepeAHbie 3aAatIH. IHocTaHoBRa 3aAaq H pa.3pa6oTIa
KamAoH
nAaHOB
MeponpHHTHU
AAA
PYKOBOAHTeAIO
BO3M02tHOCTb
9c"eKTHBHoro
H HTeHCH¢HKaUHR ynpaBAeHH aqBpeKTHBHOCTH o6paigeHHR
c
HanpaBAeHHe
onpeAeMAeT
nlAaHOB
ynpaBAeHHR
eAHHHUbi
6aHKa
Aa1oT
noApa3AeAeHHeM.
CBOHM
nOKxa3aTeAHMH B pa6oTe, onpeAeAeHHe 30H nOMOWJH H KOHTPOAb
TaKOHi noMOUH npo6AeMHblMH
CTPYKTypHOH
cnoco6CTBylOT
CHTyaUHRMH,
pa3BHTHIO
npe2KAe
'eM
y
Bcex pyKOBOAHTeAeH
OHH
CTaHoBHTCR
HaBbIKOB
HeynpaBAneMbiMH.
Hlooi4peHHH H BO3HarpamAeHHR no pe3yAbTaTaM pa6oTbl MOryT o6ecneqHTb MOU4HOe cpeAcTBo nOBbluieHHe 3aHHtepecOBaHHOCTH pa6oTHHKoB B KaqeCTBeHHOH H s4" eKTHBHOH pa6oTe. BamHo TaK2Ke y'qHTb pyKOBOAHTeAei BblAeARTb npHOpHTeTHbie AeHCTBHR HecKOAbKO
cnoco6oB riOBbICHTb
HaAe2KHbIX
CaMb!X
cnoco6HbIX
pa6oTe
noAy3aAH
HIpH
pa6oTHHKoB. 6
H
bl
cpeAHHe
PaCKPbJTHIO
nOTeHHHaAa "cAa6bix
ynpaBAeHHR
pa6oTofi
e2KeAHeBHaR,
cHAa,
Mo6HAHsyR HX AAR AOCTH2KeHHR
1
BTOM
eCTBO Ba2KHO,
COTPYAHHKH pa6oTHHKoB.
KoAAeKTHBa,
nOCTOHHHaR
Ka
KoTopoe KOTopaS
UeAeH,
H
pa6oTbl H
H HanpaBAeHHR.
CyujeCTByeT
cTeneHb 3aHHTepecOBaHHOCTt
'To6bJ
COOTBeTCTBYIOujy1O
HTO6bl
Bce
PeaAHsaSHR
o6ecneqHBaeT nOAHOCTbIO
Mepbl
aKTHBHorO,
6bIAH
B
fIPHHRTbl
K
3aHHTepecoBaHHOrO
PYKOBOAHTeAb
HcnOAb3yeT
nOMOI1b
-
H
STO
pecypcbl
Bce
eCTb 6aHKa,
CTOH.JHX nepeA 6aHKoM.
OPrAHH3AUHOHHbIE TPErOBAHHR qeAOBeqeCKHMH pecypcaMH,
YnpaBAeHHe KaK
AHHeHHbiMH
B
nepcoHaAa. npoBoARTcH
PYKOBOAHTeARMH
KaK Mbl ero OnHCaAH,
noApa3AeAeHHH,
TaK H
OAHHX 6aHKaX BCe AeHCTBHS H peweHHH,
6oAee
UCHTpaAH3oBaHHO,
a
B
ApyrHx
OqeBHAHO
pYKOBOAHTeAAMH
OCYL_qeCTBAReTCR
cAy2m6bJ
cBR3aHHbie C HHTepecamH
-
aTH
pa3BHTHR
pa6oTHHKoB,
AegewrpaAHsoBaHbi.
yHKUHH
PyROBOAHTeAH CAym6bI nepcoHaAa MoryT HMeTb B opraHH3agHH MeHbJie HAH 6oAbmLe BAaCTH H rIoABoMoqHH. BO BCeX CAyMaHX CYUzeCTByeT COTPYAHH'eCTBO H HapTHCpCTBO MemAY
Ho
AHHeHHbIM
PyKOBOAHTeAeM
pa6oTHHKa
H
pyKOBOACTBOM
OTAeAa
KaApoB.
3
To
cnoco6CTByeT
B BTOM pa3AeAe KpaTKo H3AO2KeHbl OCHOBHbie KOHUenCHH opraHH3agHH Am pa3pa6oTKH (PYHKHgHH AHHeHHbIX PYKOBOAHTCAeH H PYKOBoAHTeAeH
pa3BHTH!O HaAaeHbIX yCTOHiiHBbIX OTHoueHHH.
cAy2K6bi nepCOHaAa. TaKoe CoTpyAHH'leCTBO MemAy HHMH Heo6xoAHMO no PRAY npHqHH.
COIIOCTaBAeHe pOAN AYHHeHHOFO pYWOBO4'HTCAH paaBHTHEv KaK
OTMeCaAH
Mbl
HCnOAHHTeAbHyIO
N pYKOBOAHNeAR
CAJyz6bM
mepcomaAa B
pOAb.
Ha'aAe
OHH
BTOH
CO3AalOT
rAaBbi,
CBOH
AHHeHHbie
pYKoBoAHTeAH
noApa3AeAeHHHs,
HrpaioT OCHOBHywO
pa3BHBa1OT
HX,
ynpaBARiaT
AeiCTBHHMH CBOero nepcoHaAa B eC2eAHeBHOH pa6oTe.
IpU H
TOM
OHH
AefTreAbHOCTbO A!oAeH. yKperLARIoT
H
HcrIOAb3yIOT
CBOH
npHpOAHbIe,
ecTeCTBeHHbie
HaBbIKH
ynpaBAeHHR
OHH npHHMeHMioT pasAH'Hyio nOAHTHKY B peaAH3agHH CBOHX HAeH,
pa3BHBaioT
npogeAypbi
yripaBAeHHM
BTHMH
BHAaMH
peCYPCOB
B
6aHKe.
OHH OHH
MOrYT OCYqUeCTBAMTb OCHOBHbIe nporpammbi rOArOTOBKH nepcoHaAa KaK B CBOHX co6cTBeHHbix HHTepeCax, T.e. B HHTepecax noApa3AeAeHHR, TaK H B HHTepecax 6aHKa B UeAoM.
217
Jr HepeMeHaM
YxpeIIAeHHe P9)'OROXCTBa N HOBrHIIeHHCe VI7CTBHTeAbHOCTN
HanpHMep, AHHeHHbie pYKOBOAHTeAH, KOTOpbIe Ay'lue ApyrHX 3HaIOT H nOHHMalOT H 3aAaqIH
noApa3AeAeHHH,
riOApa3AeAeHHHX
OCHOBHbIX HrpOKOB npH npOBeAeHHH B CBOHX
BbIcTynalOT
H HeAocTaTKaMH,
C HX AOCTOHHCTBaMH
H CBOHX AioAe/H
B pOAH
B 6aHKe CAeAyIOIIHX Ae4eCTBHH:
CTpyKTypHpOBaHHH;
*
opraHH-3aHOHHoro
*
OnpeAeAeHHR OTBCTCTBeHHOCTH Ka2KAoro;
*
CTPYKTYPHPOBaHHR pa6oHx o6H3aHHoCTeii Ka2KAoro;
*
OnTHMH3agHH
HaCTOsRnero
YPOBH.9 KoMneTeHTHOCTH nepcoHaAa, nOBbIUleHHH HaBbiKOB B
pa6oTe; *
BpeMeHH
CKOpOM
B
KOTOpb[e
HaBbIKOB,
nporHO3HPOBaHHH
CoBepleHHO
OKa82KYTCH
Heo6xOAHMbIMH AAS1 BeAeHHq 6aHKOBCKOfi pa6oTbl; *
aHaAH3a Heo6xOAHMbIX HaBbIKOB H COOTBCTCTBYIOU4HX B3rAH4OB /ieHHoCTeH/;
*
aTTeCTaUHH
COTPYAHHKOB
oTAeAbHbIX
o6y'eHHR
H
pa3BHTHR
nAaHOB
COCTaBAeHHH
H
oTAeAa; *
o6yqeHHR Ha pa6omeM MeCTe;
*
pa3BHTHH npOH3BOACTBeHHOH
*
OT6opa HOBblX COTpyAHHKoB;
*
nepeBoAa Ha pa6oTy B ApyrHe y4pe2KAeHHH H npHeMa Ha pa6oTy nepeBoAoM;
*
nOCTaHOBKH 3aAaM H pa3pa6OTKH
*
onpeAeAeHHH
Pe3yAbTaTOB
KyAbTypbl;
nAaHOB Ae4CTBHq;
BbInoAHeHHH
o6s3aHHocTeii
cAy2Ke6HbIx
ocyIeCTBAeHHe
H
MoHHTopHHra;
*
HeKOTOPbIX q)OpM
peKOMeHAagHH
nPOABH2KeHHe no cAy2K6e,
/HanpHMep,
nOOIIpeHHR
yBeAHqeHHe 3apa60THOH nAaTbi/; *
fOBbIi11eHHIO
B
3aHHTepecOBaHHOCTH
nOBbI1UeHHIO
Kapbepbl,
cAy2Ke6HOH
pa3BHTHH
3aHHTepecoBaHHOCTH pa6OTHHKa; 0
Bo
aKTHBHOMy ynpaBAeHH[o.
CAyqaHX
MHOrHX
ynpaBAeHHH
H
ee HHCTpyMeHTbi,
Ae.RTeAbHOCTH
pecypcoB
'eAOBeqeCKHX
pa3BHTHH
HH(ppacTpyKTypy,
npHMepax
B onHcaHHbIX
MomeT o6yqHTb
AHHeHHbIX
Ka'eCTBO
peSyAbTaToB.
cAy*6b1 pa3BHTHH 'eAoBemeCKHX
B
UeAyIo
BCnOMOraTeAbHYIO noAbb3oBaTbcH
pyKOBOAHTeAeH
AAR peaAH3aMHH TaKoH B03MO2KHOCTH,
pa3pa6oTaHHbIMH CpeACTBaMH, nOMOqb Co3saTb YCA0BHR KOHTpOAHpOBaTb
C03AaTb
Mo2KeT
cama cAy2K6a
pyKOBOAHTeAH
HeKOTOpbIX
HanlpaBACHHRX
pecypCOB Mo2KeT HrpaTb 6oAee Ba2KHyol
pOAb
pyKoBoAHTeAA
pOAb, %ieM B ApyrHx,
Mo2KeT o0UyigaTbCR HX 6oAblllaH aKTHBHOCTb, npHMOH BblXOA Ha COBeT AHpeKTOpOB. HanpHMep,
npOH3BOACTBa B ,eAOM, MOAOAbIX
AiOAeH,
npOABH2KeHH% no Co6CTBeHHblii
H
TpyAa.
CAy2K6e
CAHIMIKOM
AHHeiiHbie
nepCOHaAoM.
nOCTynaKioIHX
OnTHMaAbHbIH
cA.ym6bl KaApOB. onaCHO.
Ha6opa KaHAHAaToB H OT6opa npeTeHAeHTOB,
BnCpBbie
OnAaTbl
6aAaHc
Me2KAy
MHOrO
npaB
pyKoBOAHTeAH
PyKOBOAHTeAb
KyAbTypbl
onpeAeAeHHR
Ha pa6oTy
nOAroToBKH
cAy2K y, 6aHK
6yAeT
H CHAbI
c OAHOH
BnAoTHyIo
HaHTH
CBOH
H PYKOBOAHTeAH
CTOpOHbl B yujep6 ApyroH Tome 3aHHMaTbCH
pa60TOiH
KaApOB AOA2KeH HMeTb BO3MO2KHOCTb
CMOTpeTb Ha npo6AeMy 1IHpe, C TOMKH 3pCHHH HHTepeCOB 6aHKa.
218
pyKOBOAHTeAeH,
CTpeMHTbCSI
POAbIO AHHeHHoro PYKOBOAHTeAH
AOA2KHbl
2Ke cAy2K6bi
Ha
6
Aio6oii
pa3BHTHA
pa6OTHHKOB,
nepeBoAoB
BHyTpH6aHKOBCKHx
B BOnpocax
CO
CBOHM
H cnoco6HocTb
CoEiiaNHe qeAoBevecxoro jranJIraAa 6auwa OpraHHuagwir0ywicgHH pagBHNTH
AAR
TOMO,
-To6bi
qcAoBeC'ecKHMH
noAb3oBaTbcH ynpaBAeHHB T.C.
K
AoBepHeM,
ACHTCAbHOCTbIO
3aprLAaTy,
opraHHmagHH,
T.e. o6pa6oTKH
neHCHH,
noApa3AeAeHHH.
pa3BHTHH
6oAee
A
He
HMeHHO
Heo6xoAHMocTb
MHAHIHbIe
cAy2K6y
OT
K
MorYT TaKOH
H
ynpaBAeHHH
Ha
HrpaTb
POAb
He
aKTHBHOrO
XBaTaeT
MHorHM
cIYHKUHH opraHH3agHH
H
BKAlOqaR o6pa6OTKy BeAOMOCTeH KoMaHAHpoBKH,
BbinOAHeHHe
BbIUWerIepeCHCAeHHOrO
ynpaBAeHuH
MHorHe (pyH1qUHH
aAMHHHCTPHPOBaHH1O,
POAH
pa3AeAHTb
Bonpocbil
OPHCHTHPOBaHHbIe
OTAeAbHO
aKTHBHYIO
CBOAqTCH
OHH
BCHKoro pOAa AOKYMeHTOB,
CTpaXOBaHHH,
COBeplmeHHO
nOpOH
AeAa.
CoTpyAHHKoB.
nepeHTH B a8cJeKTHBHbie,
pa3BHBaTb
B
noKa ege
CTOPOHC
MHorHX 6aHKax CyJIeCTByeT
BeAeHHR 3anHCeH,
AOA2KHbI
pecypcaMH
opraHH3agHoHHOH
Bo
POAb
HMeTb COOTBCTCTBYwOI4HC CPCACTBa H nepcoHaA.
'eAOBeCeCKHMH
PYKOBOAHTeAR
Ha
BamHyio
pecypcamH 6aHKa cAy?K6a KaApoB AOA2KHa HMCTb AOCTaTo0Hbic 3HaHHH, OnbIT,
'HCTO
6aHKaM.
HrpaTb
YwAoBeYeCKNx pecypcoa
pecypcamH,
nepeBoAbl.
KOHKpeTHbIX
Heo6xOAHMO
OTHecH
K
OHH
onepaIHH
CO3AaBaTb
ee
H
AeHTCAbHOCTH
cAeAyiolgHe (fyHKIHH:
*
B
*
pa3pa6oTKa nOAUTHKH H nporpaMMbl pa3BHTHH nepcoHaAa; nAaHHPOBaHHe pa3BHTHR CaMoH opraHH3ajHH;
*
nAaHHPOBaHHe KOAHqeCTBa pa6OTHHKOB;
*
aHaAH3 noTpe6HocTH B KBaAHcJHKaUHOHHOM
*
OUCHKa pa6oTbI H BO3Mo2KHoCTeH pa6oTHHKoB;
*
iAaHHPOBaHHC
*
nOArOTOBKa H o6yqeHHe pa6oTHHKOB; pa3BHTHe IIpOH3BOACTBeHHOii KyAbTypbl;
*
IIAaHHPOBaHHe H ynpaBAeHHC noou_peHHHMH.
HeKOTOpbJX
6aHKax
'leAoBe'CcxHX
HrpaTb,
MHCHHIO
no
UIHPOKHe
xaqecTBa
6bl
BO3HHKHyTb noTpe6HoCTb B H3MeHeHHH CTpaTerHH ynpaBAeHHH
peCypCOB.
HeKOTOpbIX
CAym6bl,
6aHKoB,
H
1IOBbIlIIeHHH
OCyUeCTBAHTb
3aHHMaiOJijHeCC
PYKOBOAqHgylO
pa6oTaTb
noCTOHHHblMH
pecypcoB,
H AOArOCpOtHyiO
H 3HaHHRMH,
HX
BbIcTynaTb
CeAOBeqCCKHX
(popMHpoBaHHH
JUHPOKYJO
MO2KeT
nIpOrpaMMbi 6aHKOBCKoro pa3BHTHM,
pyKOBOAHTeA3IMH,
MorAH
HHAHBH4YaAbHOrO pa3BHTHH H o6yqeHHH pa 6 oTHHKoB;
*
pa3BHTHeM
H KaqeCTBCHHOM cocTaBe pa6oTHHKoB;
BTorO
nepcneKTHBy
aTH C.AOMHbI
pOAb,
HM
pOAb
OHH
BonpoCaMH,
HaAAemHT
B pa6oqeM
KOHCyAbTaHTaMH,
OnpeAeAHTb Ka'eCTBa,
BTHMH
AOA2KHbi
pa3BHTHR TPYAOBOrO
pa3pa6aTbiBaTm
KOHTaKTe
C AHHeHHbIMH
ocyigeCTBA3ITb
AHHeCiHbIX 6blTb
AOA2KHbl
KOHTpOAb
pyKoBoAHTeAef
B
COCTORHHH
KOAAeKTHBa.
OgeHHTb
AIOAH,
q)yHKIIHH, o6AaAaAH 6bl COOTBeTCTByiO%HMH
B
KOTOpbie HaBbiKaMH
HMeAH 6bl AAR 6aHKa OqeHb 6oAbUiylo geHHOCTb.
OprawisagHrupOAH AHNeNNorO pyKo8o4HTeAHw LHTo6bl
AHHeHHblH
pacrpeAeAeHHH
H
pacnopRmeHHH, BceMH.
pyKOBOAHTeAb
yMeAoro
Heo6xoAHMo,
-
o6ecnoKoeHbl
a
BTO
BnOAHe
Ba2KHOCTbIO
BqcJXeKTHBHO
HCrIOAb3OBaHHM
BblnOAHHTb
CeAOBeCeCKHX
peCypCOB,
CBOIO
pOAb
BCpORTHO
pOAH,
OTAHiaeTCM -
OT TOrO, 'FTO
HeKOTOpbie
KOTOpylO HM
AHHeHHbie
npHAeTCH
6aHKa. TorAa Heo6xoAHMo 6yAeT npOBeCTH o6CyMAeHHe,
219
HrpaTb
B
ero
nOHHMaAaCb
eMy npHXOAHAOCb AeAaTb B pyKOBOAHTeAH
B (OPMHPOBaHHH
BO BpeMR
pOAb
-
HaXOAHfIHXCH
'lTo6bi BTa ero pOAb 6bIAa qCTKO onHcaHa H XOpOIIuo
ECAH HOBaq pOAb CylgeCTBeHHO
npOUIAOM,
Mor
MOryT
6blTb
KOAAeKTHBa
KOTOporo MomHo 6blAo
6
bl
Yxpenmemme
nepemeHa H
pwo'oBocoTa N J7OuhIeHNe VyCTBAhHOCTN
06 'bSCHHTb npHIHHbl
noAo2KeHHe
(pyH1UHH,
8TOH
3HaqeHHC
nepeMeH,
paAHKaAbHbiX
TaKHX
pyKOBOAHTeAI, a TaK2me noAAep?KKy, KOTOpyIO BcerAa 6yAeT noAy'qaTb AHHeHHbIH PYKOBOAMTeAb OT CBoerO
B03pa2KeHHH,
momeT
6
H o3a6o0eHHOCTb
Aame
H
pyKOBOAHTeAM,
AHHeHHoro
pOAb
H3MeHHTCH
HaCKOAbKO
3aBHCHMOCTH OT TOrO,
B
TpeBory.
BOnpOCy,
no 8TOMY
BO3HHKHYTb
MOryT
KOTOpbI
PaCCMOTPeTb
OTAeAbHO
HlpHAeTcM
Bonpoce.
8TOM
B
HaHaAbCTBa
BbllleCTO;iLMerO
bITb 3aAeT H Bonpoc H3MeHeHHR KyAbTypbi npeAnpHMTHM, KOTOpbIH Tome Hy2mHo 6yAeT 8THX
paccMOTpeTb 6oAee BHHMaTeAbHO H rAy6oKo, He OCTaHaBAHBaRCb Ha npOCTOM onHcaHHH H3MeHeHHH.
6 8TOH cBoeH HOBOH pOAH AHHeHHble pYKOBOAHTeAH MOrYT CTOAKHyrbCM C HeO XOAHMOCTbIO t OAHH AIOAH HBAMIOTCM PYKOBOAHTeAHMH no CBOHM npHPOAHbiM Ka eCTBaM, a ApyrHe o6yeCHH.R.
B
HaytiHAHCb HAH MOrYT
6
Ho
OnlbIT.
MHorHe.
B o6yTeHHH HyvmAalOTcCS
ynpaBAeHHH,
H
pyKOBOACTBa
BOnpOCbI
ILlHpOKHe
H
o LgHe
caMbie
6yAyT
BTO
BHamaAe
mepe3
Hay4HTbCH 3TOMY
nOHHMaHHe KOH;enlgHH H COOTBeTCTBYIOU_He ynpaBAeHmeCKHe HaBbIKH. KpoMe o6qgHX HaBbIKOB, MO2KeT BO3HHKHyrb Heo6xOAHMoCTb q)OpMHpOBaHHA HOBbIX HaBbIKOB, HMeKOIqHX 3HameHHe H AAR
PYKOBOAHTeAH
AOA2KHbl yMeTb npOBOAHTb o6y'eHHe CBOHX
npOBOAHTb
MeponpHITHH
pa3pa6aTblBaTb
Heo6xOAHMO
CAeAoBaTeAbHO,
aHK
Ha pa6oqeM
MecTe,
yqe6Hbie
rAaHbi
HHAHBHAyaAbHbIe
STo
BKAIO'IHT 6bITb
B
pa3pa6OTKH
H
3aAmaq
nOCTaHOBKH
o6y'eHiH
nporpammy
npOrpaMMbi,
pa3pa6oTaHbl
BbInOAHMTb
nporpaMMbl H yqHTb pyKoBoAHTeAeH
CBoemy OrIbITy 3HaiO, 'ITO aTO He O'IeHb TpyAHO. 4AS 8TorO He Tpe6yeTcR
HIo
aTH npOrpaMMbi.
6
AOA2KHbi
AeHTeAbHOCTH
3TOH
4AH
pyKOBOAHTeAeH.
nOAHTHKy
HlOBTOMy
HX AOCTH2KeHHIO.
nO
pa3pa6aTblBaTb
B(peKTHBHy1O
npoBOAHTb
pa6oTHHKoB,
AAM
aTTeCTagHio,
HH4HBHAYaAbHyfO
COTpYAHHKOB
'ITO
c4HTaTb,
MomKeT
6aHK
HanpHMep,
6aHKa.
KOHKpeTHoro
Ka2KAorO
Heo6xoAHMbIx
3
KaKHX-TO oco6blx yMeHHH.
OnbITa KamAoro pyKOBOAHTeAA H, B UHlpOKOM CMbICAe
To 'aCTb
CAOBa, Bce aTH HaBbIKH B pa3HoH CTeneHH 3HaKOMbl AHHeuHbIM pyKOBOAHTeA3M.
AOA2KHbi 6bITb OTpa2KeHbI B Hx AOA2KHOCTHb]X o6siaaHHocTMx. 8TO
KpuTepUHH
KaK
B Kypce,
o6yqeHHH
AAR
pa3pa6oTaHHoM
noAroToBKH,
rpeAnpHHHMaeT
BbimeCTOMU_HMH
H
XapaKTePHCTHKY
3aHHTepecOBaHHOCTH
YPOBeHb
pyKOBOAHTeAb 'To6bi
B
pa6oTaioWero
HeT AH
AHIIIHHX
pa6oTHHKoB,
a
8THX H AOA2KHbI
PYKOBOAHTeAHMH
KOAAeKTHBa,
AOCTaTOMHO AH TaM pa6OTHHKOB,
HanpHMep,
YPOBeHb
H
OIAeHey
BKAIOMaTb
noApa3AeAeHHH.
Ae4CTBHM
AHHeHHbIMH
Me2KAY
BOnpOCOB
IePHOAH'eCKH
KaKOB
aTTecTaUHH.
npH
3aAa'H
JP¢eKTHBHO BKAIOqHTh
O1eHb
8TH BOnpOCbI TaKme AOA2KHbl HafiTH CBOe oTpameHHe. O6cym2AeHHA
pyKOBOAHTeAei, ApyrHX
O!eHKH
HX
Hx
POAb AHHeHHbiX pyKOBOAHTeAeH.
BamHo nOAHOCTbIO HHCTHTygUOHaAHsHipOBaTb
OAHOM
pa6OTHHKOB, TaK2Ke,
KaKHe
nOBbICHTb YPOBeHb npocIeCCHOHaAbHbIX 3HaHHH
H KyAbTypbI CBOHX noAqHHeHHb[X. TaKoii
xapaKTep
o6cy2KAeHHq
noAAep2KKy
CyUgeCTBeHHyio
npH
BonpocoB
oKa2KeT
OpHeHTHPOBaHHH
cBoen
AAM pa6oTbl
AHHeHHoro
PYKOBOAHTeAA AaCT
C KoAAeKTHBOM,
eMy
BOSMO2KHOCTb Ayq'lle nOHMTb CBOH o6s3aHHocTH. KaK
yme
pyKOBOAHTeAM. HMelOT
OTMeCiaAOCb 9
8TO
He
To H eCTb ynlpaBAeHHe. H
BblCOKYIO
npo6AeM AA.s
Bbluie,
KBaAH(PHKaUHio,
peulellHi.
HMH
KaKaR-HH6yAb
AHUIHM
pa6oTa
AAR
AHHeHHOrO
OT aTOro AOAmHbl BbiHrpaTb Bce. FCAH pa6oTHHKH
Aer'e
ynpaBAslTb.
MeHllble PHCKa cA4AaTb ouiH6Ky.
220
PyKOBOAHTeAio
OCTaeTCM
MeHbtue
Bce 3TO nomoraeT pyroBOAwreAio
CostaHHe veAosevecxoro BbIrAHAeTb
Aysine
noApa3AeAeHHH.
B
rAa3aX
CBOHX
CoBepuleHHo
nOAsHHeHHb1x
oseBHAHo,
sTO
npH
pa6oTHHKH
flOAb3y OT Ay'rnlero KameCTBa yripaBAeHHH 'eAOBe'eCKHM
Bo
BbIr1OAHeHHH
CBOHX
B03MOmHOCTeH,
Heo6xoAHMbIx
AAR
FOPMHPOBaHHIO aTTeCTaUHH
HH
C TO9KH
pa6oTbl
pa6oseii
MO2KeT
3peHHR
HaBbIKOB
H
KyAbTypbl,
nOMOsb
oMeHb
BblHIBHTb
IlpOBeAeHHe
npaBHAbHbIX
Ba2KHbl
Tome
H
3aAas
noAy'aIOT
4PaKTOpOM.
pecypcoB.
Bbipa6oTKa
3aAaq
nOApasAeAeHHR
MHOrHx pa3BHBaioWHXCH CTpaHax aTOMy yAeAHeTCH HeAOCTaTO'IHO
3peHHH
JzHnTaAa 6aaHa
AAH
6aHKa.
CyUgeCTByIOUIHH
BHHMaHHR
T1jaTeAbHoro
B3rARAoB,
aHaAH3a
cnoco6CTByJOUJHX
HpoeeAeHHe
4Ae4pH!HT
HH C TOsKH
HHAHBHAyaAbHOii
OnpeAeAeHHb1X
HaBbIKOB
H
CO3AaTb nporpammy ero ycTpaHeHHH. HepecTpoHIKa
BceH
CHCTeMbi
HH(3paCTPYKTYPbI
TO?Ke
npH3BaHbI
6aHKa
Mo2KeT
AOA2Ha oT6op
CYJCCTBeHHbIM
HCXOAHTb
HaBbIKH
HCXOA$
YpOBeHb
pyKOBOACTBO
o6pa3oM
HS AOArocpO'IHOH
KaHAHAaTOB
nOAH$rTb
o6ymeHHH
H3 HX
H3MeHHTb
CTpaTerHH
H
npaBHAbHO
pa3pa6oTKa
pOAb.
AeAOBbie
xapaKTepHCTHKH
H ycnexa 6aHKa,
6aHKe,
AOA2tHO
B
H
noMo2KeT
geAOM.
OnpeAeABTb
OHa
Ha pa6ory
BO3MOMHOCTeH
pa6oTHHKoB B
KyAbTypa
B pa6oTe.
IlpHrAamueHHe
H nOTeHUHaAbHbIX
cHTyagHIO
COOTBeTCTByJoUeH
1HHCTHTygHOHaAbHaA
H 3aAas 6aHKa.
pa6OTOcUoco6HOCTH
OleHHBaTb
AAH nOBbllleHHH KyAbTypbI
6aHKe,
Bam2Hpo
cnoco6HocTeii
nOArOTOBKH
AOA2KHO
B
CbirpaTb
CTapmuee
rpHOpHTeTHbie
Bo3rAaBHTb YCHAHH Bbipa6OTaTb
Heo6xoAHMbie HaBbIKH H pa3BHTb KyAbTypy B COOTBCTCTBHH C 3aAauaMH H CTpaTerHeH 6aHKa.
3aiwAjoeHHe IO-HacTo.qu4eMy 6OAee
aqxpeKTHBHoHey
BbICOKHe Pe3yAbTaTbi
BbIXOAHT
3a
paMKH
pa6oTHHKaM
HAeHTH(pHUHpOBaHa, OTBOAHTCH BamlHaH CAym6bl
B
KaApOB
OTBOAHTCH
onpeAeAeHa pOAb
B
H
sieTKO
H
4AAI
COOTBeTCTBy1OUHHX q)yHKUHH.
y9pe2AeHHH.
3
a
pOAb.
pa6OTHHKaMH
H
a4xpeKTHBHoe
AHHeHHbie
- a
3
B CHAy aTorO
npeAnpHATHH,
AHHeHHb1M
c(3opMyAHpoBaHa.
noAAepmKe.
cO3AaTb
pecypcaMH
Ha KOHKpeTHOM
aKTHBHHaH
HCnOAHeHHH.
opraHH3agHH AOA2KHbI
yCHAHH
npOrpaMMbi
H
KaApOB
!eHTpaAbHaA
pOAb
ynpaBAeHseCCKHx
nOAHTHKH
CAym6b]
'ieAOBeqeCKHMH
Ta
PYKOBOAHTeAAM
pOAb
AOA2KHa
AHHeiiHbIM KaAPOBOH
npH
H
6blTb
pyKOBOAHTeAAM
cAym6bi
PYKOBOAHTeAH
COTpyAHH'eCTBO
H
B geAOM,
H
OCTaeTCA
pa6oTHHKH
HCnOAHeHHH
CBOHX
ycnelUHoH peaAH3aUHH pOAH no ynpaBAeHH1o seAOBe'ieCKHMH
pecypcaMH npeAnpHRTHA AHHeHHbie pyKOBOAHTeAH Hy2KAaiOTCH B o6yseHHH H yCHAeHHH pHAOB, a
q)YHKUHH
pa3BHTHA
AIOACKHX
pecypcoB
Tpe6yeT
(POpMHpOBaHHB
CnegHaAbHbiX
HaBbiKOB
H
pa3BHTHR peCypCOB.
KAK Mbl MOMEM BbI3BATb HOAOUHTEAbHbIE H3MEHEHHR C
TOrO MOMeHTa,
AOA2*eH
Has'HTeAbHO
AHcTaHBHH
Kax
KaK Ha BbicUieM
orpoMHoro
Bbipa6OTKy
opraHH3aUHH, HOBbIX
H ero peaAH3agHeH
pa3Mepa.
AeSTreAbHOCTH TaK HAH HHase nepeCTpOHKy
npHHHMaeTCH
peiIIeHHe,
yAy"lUHTb CBOIO pa6oTy, C BTorO MOMeHTa HaYHHaJOTCH
MC2tAY aTHM peC11eHHCM
rOBOpHTCH,
YPOBHe PYKOBOACTBa
- sepe3
BaHK
paspa6oTKy
COBeplUeHCTBOBaHHe
yMeHHH,
COBepuIeHCTBOBaHHe
221
nepeCMOTpeTb
HOBOH cTpaTerHH
HAH
nepeMeHbl.
H HHCTHTygHOHaAH3agHeii
AOA2KeH
Ca3AaHHe
Ho
H3MeHeHHH
aCneKTb1
H onepaTHBHoro
HOBOH
Cyu2eCTBYIOI1HX
BCe
wTo 6aHK
-
cBoeH
rIAaHa,
CHCTeMy
ynpaBAeHHI,
HaBbIKOB,
nOBbIuiIeHHe
YApevMeNme pJwOROqCTTRa m IORbhllreHNHe qCTRHTeAbHoCTH K
H
npoAYKIgHH
BHAOB
HOBbIX
pa3pa6oTKy
TpyAa,
KyAbTypbl
ITaTOB, yMeHbLiIeHHe HHbIX SaTpaT,
OTAeAeHHH, coKpaUgeHHe
CeTC
paUHoHaAH3aMH1O
ycAyr,
Ka'ieCTBa KpeAHTHoro
nOBbIUileHHe
aBTOMaTH3aMHH,
KAHeHTOB, yCHAeHHe
o6CAy2KHBaHHH
nopT"CAH, coBepiueHcTBoBaHHe
epemeHlaM
HAH sepes
ApyrHe cepbe3Hbie ilarH. OCHOBHaM nporpamma HHCTHTYgHOHaAbHoro pa3sBHTHR Mo2KeT 3aHHTb MeHee ImHpOKa.I,
nrTb AeT.
npo6AeMa,
CI4C
CpeACTB
H
nepeA
CTOHT
KoTopaH
yAysu1eHHH
cyU_eCTBeHHbie
BHeCTH
KOTOpblH CTpeMHTC.R
BpeMeHH
3aTpaTbl
KAJo'eBaH
H3MCHeHHH.
6ecnoBopoTHbIx
Ho
roAa.
ABa-TpH
B
YAO?KHTbCR
Bce mKe AOCTaTO'IHO OCHOBaTeAbHaH nporpamma AerEo MO2KeT
HO
rapaHTHpyEoT
He
6aHKoM,
Ka2tAbiM
pa6oTy saKAiosaeTcH
B CBOIO
B TOM,
6
KaK ynpaBARTb aTHMH nepeMeHaMH 4To bI AOCTHsb nOCTOHHHblx nOAo2mHTeAbHbIX pe3yAbTaToB.
IlpoUecc H3MeHeHHH
- 3TO npogecc
TpyAHblH.
oTAHIaIOTcH
opraHH3agHH
CygecTeyloIHe
CqlOPHPOBaHHOCTbIO OTHOmleHHU. AIOAH syBCTByIoT ce6H npHBblbHO H yAo6HO,
CTa6HAbHOCTbIO,
XOTH H He BcerAa HCnblTbIBaIOT yAoBAeTBOpeHHe B cyIeCTBYIOI_gHX YCAOBHHX OT Toro, xiTO OHH
AeAaHOT,
nOpOAHT
CHCTCM,
CAOKHBII1HXC5H
nepeMeHaM c camoro HasaAa 6yAeT
onpoBeprHyTb
HX
Heo6xoAHMbix
H33MeHCHHH,
opraHHwagH
MO2KeT npOHTH
Mo2KeT
nOnbITaTbCH
peaAHsagHH nporpaMMbI
KaK
6yAyT
qepe3 HaHTH
KpynHbIX
HaABHraioujHecC
3aTOPMO3HTb
npogeccoM
ynpaBARTb,
XOpOIlo
H3MeHeHHH
- BHTy3Ha3M
nyTb
CBOHi
H
H pelflHMOCTb Ao6HTbCH nepeMeH. KamAbii Ha6paTb
H
B pa6oTe
H3MeHeHHH
nocKOAbKy
ycnexoM,
yBeH'iaTbCH
6yAeT
HeKOTOpbIe
aTy TpyAHyIO CTaAHIO CBoeH mH3HH H Aame c(popMHpoBaTb
co6CTBeHHbliH
CBOH
B XOAe peaAH3aUKH
HaHTH co6CTBeHHbie npHMepbl, KOTOpble noMoryT BceH inporpaMMe. HeKoTopbIM cymAeHo
o6,beM
6yAeT nlpeOOAeHO BTO COnpOTHBAeHHe
TOAbKO
ECAH
CTapaTbCR
MHHHMyMa
A0
TorAa HaCTynHT nopa 3aMeluaTeAbCTBa H rlyraHHgbl,
noAAep2IKy BceM nepemeHam H3HyTpH 6aHK
CTeneHH. KorAa BrnepBbie
CBeCTH
HAH
HanpaBAeHHC
HX.
pa6oTe
COnPOTHBARTbC.9
6yAyT
HeKOTOpbie
nepeMeH,
nbITaTbCH
6yAyT
H3MeHHTb
O3Ao6AeHHOCTb.
HCnbITbIBaTb
6yAyT
OHH
HAH npOCTO HrHOPHPOBaTb nepeMeH,
AiOAH
HeonpeAeACHHOCTb.
HeO6XOAHMOCTH
0
Heo6xOAHMoCTb,
H Ha-IHeTcA npogecc
H
B MCHblue1H, ApyrHC B 6oAbUIeHi
- OAHH
npeAAo2KeHHe
BbICKa-3aHO
nepeMeHbl,
CTpaX
B
HapyiueHHH
BbI3OByT
HsMeHCHHH
HCHbI.
H
seTKH
O2KHAaHHH
HX
nporpammbl yCHAHRM
He
'ITo6bI
HeAOCTaTO4HbIMH,
OKa2IYTCH
OHH
npH
OnbIT
nIpeOAOAeTb CyU4eCTByiOigee COnPOTHBAeHHC Ha HecKOTopbIX aTanax npogecca.
Ha
KOTOpbIe
OnbITe opraHH3aUHH,
ycnelCUHO
OCYIUCCTBHAH
M02IHO
nporpamMy nepeCTpOHKH,
AerKo yBHAeTb HeKOTOpbIe Heo6xOAHMbie YCAOBHH TaKEOH ycnelluHOCTH: Ha
Bbicliee
BblcTynaTb HpbiMH
pyKOBOACTBo
nepecTpoNiKH.
PYKOBOAHTeAH
nepeMeH H AOA2KHbi rOTOBbI
C
BceH
OCyU4eCTBAeHHe
nepeMeH
3BeHa,
KOTOpbIe
mKeAaTb
AOA2KHbl
H CHAbl
ocyu4eCTBHTb
MO2KeT
nepeCTpOHTKH
Tex,
CO CTOpOHbI
6
bl
yAeAHTb
BTHX
OHH AOA2Hbl
6blTb
paHra
I11TaTOM
Ha
OTAeAbHOe
6aHK: y6enAeHHblHi
HAH
AOCTaTO4Ho
HM
nepeMeHbl.
noTpe6oBaTbcI
KTO Bo3rAaBAReT
BbICOKoro
PYKOBOAHTeAb
npOrpaMMbi
HaCTYnAeHHH
C noA0iHHeHHbIM
pa6oTe
noCAeAHHM
noMOxb
MOrAH
no6opHHKaMH
npoHTH BTOT nIyTb AO KOHga.
BpeMR
nporpaMMbi
PYKOBOACTBO
Heo6XoAHMoCTH
BblcCuero
nOCBHTHTb
'qTo6bi
pyKoBOAHTeAeH,
3BBHa
BbIcuIero
6bITb rOTOBbi
m2eAaHHeM
cnegHaAbHoe
6aHKa AOA2KHbl
upogecca. COBeT H
npor)meHmm Bcero
006ecneYeHHe amwNBHoro pywoKBO4CBa
COBeT
BpeMeHH
B
pyKoBoAHTeAeH KOHTPOAIO
3a
yCHAHaMH, HanpaBACHHbIMH Ha oCyiqeCTBAeHHe nepeMeH. IBoAee Toro, KamAbiH MOAyAb, KOTOpbliH
A0A2KeH
6bITb nOABeprHyT
nepeCTpoHke,
222
6yAb
TO
peopraHH3agHR
HAH
HOBbie
CoaraHHe qeorerlecKoro
nfpoeccbI
KpeAHTOBaHHSI,
nOTpe6yeT
*
HAH
KOHUeHTPHpOBaHHbJX
peopraHH3agHR
KaKHX-TO
YCHAHH CO CTOpOHbI
^aHHraAa 6affra
npOgeAyp,
Bce
-
BTo
PYKOBOACTBa.
Paspa6oTwa TIgfaTeAbHoro HAaHa peatHsNamHH. FIpH YCAOBHH BbICOKOHi BepORTHOCTH xaoca H OJIyJIeHHR TpyAHOCTeii B xoAe npoiecca nepecTpoiiKH o4eHb Ba2KHo, 'ITo6bi yCHAHA, HanpaBAeHHbie Ha AOCTHmKeHHe nepeMeH, 6bIAH TJIaTeAbHO cnAaHHpoBaHbx, MTo6bI 6
npO6 AeMbI
HHKaKHe
bIAH
oripeAeAeHbl
Hy2KAaioigHecfl
H
B
OTBeTCTBeHHbie
He OKa3aAHCb
cpOpMyAHpOBaHbI,
noAAep2KKe,
H xiTo6bi
HeO2KHAaHHbIMH,
pa3pa6oTaHbl
cyueCTBOBaAo
6
mTo6bl
oTO6bi
bIAH
rpacpHKH
qeTKOe
KAio}eBbie
peaAH3aMHH,
npeACTaBAeHHe
o
3aAaMH 6
o'epmeHbl
o AaCTH, onpeAeAeHrbl
BO3MO2KHbjX KaMHRX
npeTKHOBeHHH.
*
PeaAbHaH
ogeHxa
Kia2AaR
MacwTa6a
opraHHsagaHH
OCHOBHbie
MOMeHTbI
MOrYT
HeKoTopbre
npOrpaMMbI
ocyjgeCTBAeHHH.
6
npOBOAHTbCH
nepeMeH, He
C KOTOpbIM
AOnyCTHTb
Ha
pa3HbIX
Tpe6yIOT
MOryT
PYKOBOACTBO
yqaCTKaX
BbIcLuero
BbIlnOAHeHHH
6
BeCbMa
eCAH OHH
OAblllOH
peaAHCTH4eCKyIO
opraHH3agHg
OAHOBpeMeHHO.
nOCAeAoBaTeAbHocTH
nepeCTpOHKH,
CAHIIIKOM
CAeAaTb
cnpaBHTbCH
OAHOBpeMeHHOrO
rlepeMeH.
YCHAHR
OpraHH3agHH
onpeAeAeHHoH
OKa3aTbCR
AOA2iHO
cMo2KeT
o6IbeMa
KOHMeHTpaUHH
IueCTb OCHOBHblX nporpaMM
OAHOBpeMeHHO,
opraHH3alHH.
nOTeHUHaAbi
3a o,4mH pas.
blTb nOAKAIOqeHbl AyquiHe AIOAH B 6aHKe. Pa3AHqHbie
nepeMeH
FHTb HAH
co CTBeHHbIe
Tpe6yIoT CepbeSHOH
CKa3bIBaTbCH
BHAbI
6
CBOH
PyKOBOACTBa, K 8TOMY AOA2KHbI nepeMeHbl
KrOpabX MO)KHO 4o6HThc-R
mepeMcH,
HMeeT
Harpy3KoH OgeHKy
OAHOBpeMeHHO.
aM6HgHO3HbIx
6
B yAyT AAj
o6ibeMa
OHO AOAmHo
HO
HenocHAbHbIx
3aAaq rio nepeCTpOHKe. WopMHpoBaHHc peLuHNMOcTH H3MeHeHHH CAHIIKOM
He
MO2KCT
MHOrO
npH
6
ao
blTb
6
HTbcJ? nepeMeH. YCnelllHaH
npocTo
peiueHHH
npOAHKTOBaHa
BOnpoca,
AIOAH AOA2KHbi 6blTb y6 e?KAeHbI
OCTaBaTbCR
B Heo 6 xOAHMOcTH
H B neM nOAb3a OT nepemeH AAR HX 6aHKa AaTb
BpeMH
npHBbIKHyrb
opraHHs3agHH, qTo6bi
MbICAH
HOBOH npOrpaMMbl,
crioco
6
CTBOBaTb
HeonpeAeAeHHOCTH, nOAAepmKa
K
Ami
H3MeHeHHA
H AAR
AH
nepeMeH,
HOBbIX
npOrpaMMbl
KapTy
nOAO2KeHHH
CTaBHTCH
CTaTyc-KBO.
no'ieMy aTO Heo6xOAHMO
Heo xOAHMOcTH
TaKOH
Heo6xOAHMo
yBepeHHOCTH
H nOAOmHTeAbHbIX
Ha
HHX AHqHO. 3aTeM
HOBoro npogecca.
(popMHpoBaHHq
B
6
0
cO3AaHHIo
peaAH3aUHH
cEepxy.
H
HM Heo6xOAHMO HOBOH
npoBeCTH 0 yqeHHe,
CHRTHIO
HaBbIKOB.
TpeBorH
H
nOxBaAa,
looigpeHHe,
LuaroB 3Ha'IHTeAbHO
(pOpMbI 6
noMo02eT ycnexy Bcero
AeAa.
*
[oa4eptaHrne O7wpbITOcTH o6 ifeHHfH. PYKOBOACTBO AOAmHo OTBeTaX
Ha
o6paTHyio
3aYeM
BOnpOcbl CBH3b
OnaCeHHRMH,
npH
TpeBoraMH,
o 6CTO5[TeAbCTBaMH, ocyJgeCTBAeHHH
H
YTO
o6cy2KAeHHH
oiJynjeHHeM
KOTOpbie
nporpaMMbl
MOryT nepeMeH.
vaqa
upHMepa
BeAeHanpaBAeHHO
OnIpeAeAeHHOii
HNYHblM
PYKOBOACTBO
BonpOcoB,
cBH3aHHbIX
HeOnpeAeAeHHOCTU, CTaTb
AOAmHO
HAHi CPyHKIHH,
PYKOBOAHTeAH
o 6 pa3ioM
223
C
Ha
B CBOHX
nOOtgpsrTb
BO3HHKa}IOgHMH
HAH
ApyrHMH
nyTH
ycneluHoro
nOCTORHHO
CTpeMHTbcH
B9qI4KT OT HaCTyflaioJHX nlepeMeH.
CTpeMHTbCR nOAaBaTb XOpOrIUHH npHMep,
POAH
AOAmHo
BOripOcaMH
npenHTCTBHeM
PYKOBOACTBO
Oib! ToM.
blTb OTKpbITO
HMeHHO".
CBOHMH OTBeTaMH CHHTb He 6 AarO2KeAaTeAbHblii
fo R
6
AOA2KHbI
nOCTORHHO
H
CTapaTbCg CTaTb MOAeAbIO
HOBor olOBeAeHHR,
HCnOAbO3BaHIN
e vyRCTRTreAbHOCTH
H 11O5hilhHie
YJRpe,zAeHNe pjwRO4,CTRa
hK Hepememam
ECAH pa6oTHHKm 6yAyT HOBbIX npO!jeccOB, CACAOBaHHS1 ripaBHAaM HOBOU opraHH3aMHH. nOCAeAOBaTb HX npHMepy. BHAeTb, ITO PYKOBOAHTeAH MeHRIoTCR, OHH TOme 3-axoTAT He BHAHO, xiTO OHH MeHRlOTCH, OCTaAbHbie pa6oTHHKH 6yAyr B opraHHMaUHH. HrHopHPOBaTb Bce ycHAHS, HanpaBAeHHbie Ha peaAH3agHlO nepeMeH ECAH no PYKOBOAHTCAHM
nepeCTpOHKH, KOTOpbie HMelOT CBOH Co6CTBeHHbIe yCnelUHbIe nlpHMepbl peaAH3aiuHH xapaKTepa nOA02IHTeAbHbIX 6eccnopHo HMelOT H CBOH MeTOAbI o6eCnle'CHHR AOArOBpeMeHHOrO npogecc nepeMeH - HTO npouecc, nepeMeH. OHH TaKme no CBoemy OnlbJTy 6yAyr 3HaTb, 9TO BaHKH,
HymAaiOi_qjHHcS B TigaTeAbHOM nOCTOHHHOM PyKOBOACTBe.
BbIBOAjbl peuIeHHA qeTbipex AaHHOH rAaBe o6cymAaAHCb xapaKTepHbie npo6AeMbl H nOTCHHaHAbHbie CMeAO cKa3aTb, 'TO BTO 1&eAeH ynpaBAeHHS neAOBeICcKHMH pecypcamH ylpe2KAeHHH. MOmHO pa3BHBaioWHxcH CTpaH: OCHOBHbie npo6AeMbl, CTOaugHe nepeA BCeMH 6aHKaMH B 6oAbLmHHcTBe
B
* *
opraHH3agHM pa6oTHHKOB AAM aB(peKTHBHOH pa6oTbl; pa6OTHHKaMH yKOMnAeKToBaHHOCTH YPOBHH OIITHMH3aUHH Heo6xoAHMOH
onTHMaAbHoi
cerOAHMIIHHX
YCAOBHHX,
KoM6HHagHH
riAaHHpOBaHHe
TaKme
a
HaBbIKOB,
o6ecne'eHHe
H
AAR
AOCTaToRHbl3X
HaBbIKOB
DTHX
pa3BHTHR
pa6OTbl
B Ha
6yAyujee; * *
q)OpMHpOBaHHe Heo6xoAHMb]X HaBbIKOB H KyAbTypbl TpyAa; PYKOBOACTBO pe3yAbTaTHBHOCTbIO pa6OTbl AAR o6ecnemeHHu
AOCTHUeHH9
MeAefi
opraHH3agHH.
pecypcaMH,
eIAOBC'IeCKHMH
peCypCOB,
'qeAOBeC'eCKHX
a
POAH AHHefiHbIX
KOCHYAOCb TaKme
pOAH
CBH3aHHbIX
BOnPOCOB,
CneKTP
IUlHpOKHfi
3aTpOHyAO
06cymAeHHe
pyKoBoAHTeAefi
B o6AacTH pa3BHTHR
pa6oTHHKoB
npoqleccHOHaAbHb[X
ynpaBACHHCM
C
KaApOBb!X
cAy2K6.
AAA pacnpeAeACHHI q)yHKIHH B A4aAee Mbl OnpeAeAHMAH HeKOTOpbIe KOHgenUHH, CYUJCCTBeHHbie o6AacTH
CeAoBeqeCKHX
pa3BHTUH
pa6oTHHKaMH
KaApoBbIX CAy2K6,
AHHeAHb[MH
HX npHMeHeHHC AAA peaAH3aI
PYKOBOAHTeAmMH
H
a(|XpeKTHBHbIX napTHePCKHX
pecypcamH B 6aHKe.
OTHOUieHHHi B ynpaBAeHHH 'eAOBe'eCKHMH CoBepuieHHo
MeC2AY
pecypcoB
6 o6o WHTb saAaqIH no pa3BHTHio H ynpaBACHHIO BCex BO 6aHKaM BceM OHH COOTBeTCTBOBaAH
o'eBHAHO, 'ITO HeBO3MO2KHO ,
-ITo6bI
'IeAOBeC'eCKHMH
peCypcaMH
Pa3BHBaIOUMHXCM
CTpaHaX. HeKOTOpble
H3 BTHX CTpaH HaXOA4TCH B Ay3iuieM
nOAO2KeHHH
no
2tieCTKHX YCAOBHqX oKpymaiouei cpaBHeHHIO C ApyrHMH. HeKoTopble (pYHKIHOHHPYIOT B 6oAee CHCTeMbI B pa3AH'iHbix CTpaHaX CpeAbl no CpaBHeHHIO C ApyrHMH. H K TOMY me 6aHKoBcKHe ABe ocHoBHbie xapaKTepHCTHKH HaXOARTCI Ha pa3HbIX CTaAHMX pa3BHTHH. Ho npH BCeM 8TOM, BO Bcem MHpe: HBASIIOTCH o6iHMHH Am 6aHKoB B pa3BHBalOigHXCR CTpaHaX *
qpOpMHpOBaHHe
Heo6XOAHMbIX
PHAOBbIX
pa6oTHHKoB
AOA2Hbl
Cepbe3HO
pyKOBOAHTeAefi,
HaBbIKOB y
AAR pa6oTbl
paCWHPHTb
BO
TeXHHmeCKOrO
6
BCeX cAy2K ax 6aHKa.
MaClUTa6
nepCOHaAa
BOAbM2IHHCTBO
y'e6HO-nOArOTOBUTeAbHOfi
H
6aHKoB
AeSITeAbHOCTH
H
YCKOPHTb o6yqeHHe. *
"pmHpoBaHHe OCO3HaioT,
Heo6xOAHMOfH
KyAbTypbl
TpyAa.
MHorHe
PYXOBOAHTeAH
6aHKos
o6AacTH, MTO B HX 6aHKax cyuieCTBYIOT cepbe3Hbie npo6AeMbl B BTOHi
224
HO
COasaHWe YeAoaeqeCkyoro ICan'NaAa 6a&ua
OHH 3aTpyAHRIOTCR Ha3BaTb HAH OrIHCaTb
aTH
npo6AeMbi.
HX. Eu4e
Ho
Tpy4Hee AAR HHX lIblTaTbC9 pellIHTb
I1OCTerleHHO CTaHOBHTCR Bce 6aAee o tieBHAHbIM, 'ITo Heo6xoAHMO CAeAaTb, a TaK2me, KaK 8Toro MO2KHO Ao6HTbca. BaHKH, KOTOpbie aq44eKTHBHO peiaioT UeAbii pHA npo6AeM,
CBR3aHHbIX
C
8TH ABe HaCyU4HbXe noTpe6HOCTH,
ynlpaBAeHHeM
CMOryT pemHTb
H pa3BHTHeM 4eAOBeqeCKHX peCypCOB, a T8K2me npo 6 AeMbl 6HIHeca. BOAee TorO, HM yAaCTCR C)OpMHpOBaTb AocTaTO%iHbie peCypCbl A TOrO, oTO6bl CnIpaBHTbC$I C MHoro4HcAeHHbJMH AOInOAHHTeAbHbJMH TPYAHOCTHMH, KOTOpb1e HenlpeMeHHO BCTaHYT Ha HX nlyTH.
225
I~~-
6. HA nYTH K HPOrPAMME HHCTHTYUHOHAAbHOH PEQOPMbI 4aHaHa
3
aAaqH
6oAee
MaKHOTOH
nOAHOH
Mo6HAH3aUHH (pHHaHCOBbIX HCTOqHHKOB, COBepuiIeHCTBOBaHHH aHKOBCKHX ycAyr H nOBbliueHHH 3(pJeKTHBHOCTH pacnpeAeAeHHH pecypcoB BbIHYAHAH MHOrHe rocyAapcTBa npfAnpHHHTb paCC'HTaHHbie Ha AAHTeAbHyJo nepcneKTHny pelpopMbl, 6
3aTparHBaEouHe ceKTope
cTpaTerHro
H3MeHHeT
COBOKIYnHOCTb
B
c)HHaHCOBoM
KOHTeKCT
HOBbIX
HIoAo6HaA
ceKTOpe. 6
CPyHKUHOHHpOBaHHH
aHKoBcKHx
Tpe6 oBaHHH:
ynpaBAeHMeCKHX
pecjopMa
yqpe?KAeHHii
cnoco6HocTb
K
(pHHaHCOBOM
B H
nopomAaeT
pearHpOBaHHio
Ha pacTyigyio KOHKypeHUHIO, rOTOBHOCTb HCCTH OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a pHCK HenAaTemeii no ccyAaM, yMeHHe peryAHpOBaTb pHCK, CBH3aHHblH C yMeTHbIMH CTaBKaMH, H npogecc H3MeHeHHH CpOKOB noralUeHHH CCyA, BeCTH InpO3paMHbli yieT, 3aAaBaTb geAH nO nOKa3aTeAHM (pHHaHCOBoHi AesTeAbHOCTH
H
paCMeTAHBbIe
MeTOAbl
AOCTHraTb
HX,
nepecTpoAKa BAeieT 3a
H
3
KOHTPOAH.
co6o0
nopT(peAR
6
BOCHpHHHMaTb
TH
noTpe6HocTb H
o CTOHTeAbCTBa 6
H
6
pepopMbl
o blMHO
geAHx
B
Tpe6yeTCH
YCHAeHHe
HOBbIX
aHKOBCKHX CHCTeM peq)opMa
HoAo6Haa
6aHKoB.
npeAOTBpaU4eHHH
a("eKTHBHOCTH
pOCTa
coBepmleHHble
Tpe6yIoT
B opraHH3agHOHHbIX CTPYKTYPHbIX
ynpaBAeHHH
3aHiMOB
oAee
6
CTpyKTypHOH nepeCTpOHKOH HeCOCTORTeAbHblx
B4(eKTHBHOCTH
HHCTHTygHOHaAbHOii
cnoco6HOcTb
aHKOBCKHM AeAOM. KpoMe TOro B pqAe
CTpaTerHH ConpoBo2KAaAaCb
COAep2KHMoro
TaKmKe
peryAHpOBaHHH 6
cnoco6oB ynpaBAeHHA
nOBbii1eHHH
a
OriepagHii.
H3MeHeHHHX
H
yxyAIIIeHHH
H
4AAH
(PyHKgHOHaAbHbIX
uHpOKOHi CerMeHTOB,
paCCMOTpeHHbIX BbIllle, H npHHHTHH CAeAYI4OIHX Mep: *
Pa3pa6oTKa
CTpaTerHH
6
H
H3Hec-nAaHa,
OpHeHTHpOBaHHbIX
Ha
AOCTHmeHHe
geAeHi
B
OTHOlieHHH KOAH'eCTBeHHbIX H Ka'eCTBeHHbIX noKa3aTeAeA pa6oTbl.
*
fepecMoTp
KOpnopaTHBHOA
BbIAeAeHHeM
c(pep
ynpaBAeHmeCKHx *
Pa3pa6oTKa cerMeHTOB,
OCBoeHHe
H oTBeTCTBeHHoCTH
c
H BCTpaHBaHHeM
6oAee
qeTKHM
HeAOCTaKoM1HX
)yHKgHA. H
npogeAyp
AAH
TaKHX
H TpyAOBbIMH pecypcaMH.
acp(peKTHBHbIX
onepagHOHHblx
noTpe6HTeAefi
npogeAyp
C
geAbMO
nOBbiu1eHHR
KaqeCT3a
H a("eKTHBHOCTH pa6oTbl.
HIepexoA Ha KOMMep4ecKyio opHeHTagHio B OTHOlueHHH KAHeHTOB 6aHKoB H ynpaBAeHHR qHHaHCOBOA AeqTeAbHOCTbIO CaMHX
*
CTpyKTYPbI
Ba2KHeHIuiHX cxyHKUHOHaAbHbIX KaK peryAHpOBaHHe PHCKa HenAaTemKeH no ccyAaM ynpaBAeHHe (HHaHCOBOH
o6cAymKHBaHHR
*
opraHH3aUHOHHOA
nOAOTmeTHOCTH
nOAHTHKH
AeATeAbHOCTbJO
*
H
6
aHKOB.
OCBoeHHe TeXHOAorHH HH(POpMagHOHHbIX CHCTeM KaK cpeACTBa noAAep2KKH B npoa^ecce
npeAOCTaBAeHHH npOAYKTOB
6
(pHHaHCOBOH AeHTeAbHOCTbIO
H COCTaBAeHHH OT'eTOB 0 HeH.
CxeMa,
npeAcTaBAeHHaA
Bys-3AAeH
aHz
aHKOBCKOfi AeHTeAbHOCTH H ycAyr,
Ha BCTaBKe
XBMHATOH"
6.1,
OCHOBaHa
H HAAIOCTpHpyeT cJa.3bi
a TaKmKe ynpaBAeHHJ
Ha onbiTe KOHCyAbTaMHOHHOfi
Co3AaHHH HcMepnbxBaloWeii HHCTHTyTHOHaAbHOrO Pa3BHTHR 6aHKoB Ha pa3BHBaiouiHxcH pbIHKaX.
227
q)HPMbI
nporpaMMbi
YJCpezreHOe pJwOBO4CTBa N n'ORbaMmeHe VClINCBTCAbHOCTN A BCTailKa
6.1
3
aAaHHe
paa
17ocTpOvTe
BN4eMe
Nmmppacrpyrx-
YcrahHoNrTe mOBDIN opoffecc
6NsAeca
rrwr
yipaDAeilu*
KOpnopaTHBHaR
CTpaTerHH
OpraHHsai
foleNe
maKDmmN
nOBeReC4Ne
3Ha6op
JNpaD
K peAHTamH
KyAbTypHblX
ynpaaAeHHH
~~~~~~~~~~~~H3MeHeHHA
l
l
YnpaBAeHHe
Ct)YHKIqHOHaAbHbie
B
axTHBaMH H
HaBb1KH
opraHH3agHlO
4rHHaHcaMH
FIOCTpoeHHe
AeAOBoe
HeC-AaH
rnepCoHaAa
onepagHH
ynpaBeA
HOBOrO
nAaHHPOBaHHC H 6ioAmXeTHpoBaHHe
ynpaBAeHHH
MapKeTHHr
ecHOHeKI
HH@OpmMaHH
TeXHOAOrH.
HaBblKlH
npoUecca
CHCTeMa
Onepa|HOHHbi H
HHaHcOBblH KOHTpOAb
YnpaBAeHHe KaApaMH
McrovHH.: By-3-AAeH H raMHAbTOH.
228
wAWx
Flporpamma
HabK
I
re
06NOBNTCe
OHHaR
CTpyKTypa I
paB.HTHN 6aBKa
KiporpaMMbi EHCTRTYUHOHabHOrO
lo0AYqVe
nepeMCHa
Ha n,y70fi iporpamme IHHCWrT.vfHOzaAbA
oijpeJ OpMM
HH'PPACTPYKTYPA HHCTHTYUHOHAAbHOrO PA.3BHTHH UnHCTNrygHomaAbHoe poarBriwe 4HarHOCTH'IeCKOe
ynpaBAeHHn
6aHKa
AeHHIO
CAy2KaT
ZtHarHOCTHL1eCKHi
TpyAOBbIMH
PaCnpOCTpaHHTb
ApyrHe
Ha
(3YHKUHH
TeKyujero
nOAO2KeHHH
HAeHTH(HKxaHH
co6ofi
no
H
CHCTeM
Pe3yAbTaTaM
TaKoro
HHCTHTYUHOHaAbHOrO
cxeMy,
ynpaBAeHHR
KOTOpylO
6aHKOBCKOfi
npeAcTaBAHeT
B
o6iqeM
6aHxa
B
nepcneKTHBC
BHAe
AefrTeAbHOCTbIO.
yKasaHHbIX
MO2KHO
npogecc,
3aTeM - OBeHKH
pesyAbTaToB,
nOAO2KeHHH AeA H B 3aKAJOqeHHe
ynpas-
CLyHKUH-
qeTbipexcTyneHqaTbdi
co6ofi
Tpe6yeMbix pe3yAbTaTOB peaAH3aHH (yHKUHH,
npHHHH TeKyigero
COBepiIIeH-
B KOHMe rAaBbl H nOCBHu eHHbIii
OnHCaHHblH
HBAHeT
CTPYKTypbl
PeKoMeHAaUHH
AAH nporpaMMbI
OCHOBbl
AHarHOCTHKa
Ha-fHHaiOHiJHHCH C OnpeAeAeHHH
opraHH3aMHOHHOH
TOqKOH.
no1AXOA,
pecypcaMH,
OHaAbHo-opHeHTHpoBaHHa5I
CTpaTerHH,
OTnpaBHOH
CAym2aT B KaqeCTBe
HCCAeAOBaHHH
CTBOBaHHH. 5 0
HCCAeAOBaHHe
HaKOHeg
- onpeAeAeHHe
-
HHHUHaTHB
no coBepCiIeHCTBOBaHH[O paCCTaHOBKH npHopHTeToB. TeXHH'IeCKylIO
OMOJb
HCnOAbSylOT
.a3acayIo
noAAep2mKH
6aHKH,
AAs
B
KOTOpbIX
napameTpbi corAaineHHR
nporpammy
yrAy6AeHHoro
HHCTHTylHOHaAbHOrO
AHarHoCTHqecKoro
pe¢opM Ha CTaAHH ee oCyigeCTBAeHHSI.
nporpammbi
6aHKOB o6blqHO BbipamalOTCH B AeHCTBHH,
Ha'IHHaIOlHe
npoBeAeHHH
pa3BHTHrH,
aHaAH3a
HIOTpe6HOCTH
H
AAR
yKpenAeHHH
Opme yTO9HCHHH Kpyra nOAHOMOqHH HAH COCTaBAeHHH flAaHOB
BblAeAHIOTCH
cBH3aHHbie
C
nporpaMMoH
o2KHAaHHn
H
onpeAeAHioTcs
O nOAy'eHHH Heo6XOAHMOfi aKCnepTHOH noMOUjH.
AAR Tpe6ypongHx yKpenAeHHR
6aHKoB CyUgeCTBYIOT
nRTb OCHOBHbIX HCTO'IHHKa
aKcnepTHOH
rIOMOl,qH: *
lHocTpaHHbIe
6aHfH.
cnapfHBaHHeM
(twinning),
MeCTHbIMH nOMOJ1H
6aHKaMH
HIpH
CBOHX pa6oTHHKoB AAR AOCTyn
KpynHbIe
O
corAaLueHHem
K
noAep2KKH CBOHM
noAxoAa,
HHOCTpaHHbie
6aHKH
COTpyAHH'eCTBe
noAo 6 Hblx
B
B ynpaBAeHHH.
OTKpblBaeT
HcnOAbD3oBaHMe
CAy"aAX
pa3BHTHR
cpeACTBaM
HAH
'jaCTO
Ha3biBaeMoro
CBA3bIBa[OT
KOHTpaKTOM
HHOCTpaHHbIH
no
H
c
oKa3aHHIO
npeAocTaBA&eT
6aHK
KAIO'ieBbIX q)YHKUHOHaAbHbiX o6y"eHn
ce6R
noAroToBKH,
CerMeHToB,
noMoraeT
B
pa3pa6oTKe o6u4efi nOAHTHKH H COCTaBAeHHH OriepaHOHHb]X PYKOBOACTB (HHCTPyKXHfi) H MO2KeT Aa2Ke npeAOCTaBAHTb TeXHOAOrH10
HH(pOpMaUHOHHblX CHCTeM,
'lTo6bi cnoco6-
CTBOBaTb pa3BHTH1O yMpe2KAeHHH9. TecHoe COTpyAHHmeCTBO
c xopoluo ynpaBAReMbIMH
nOAe-3HbIM
AAR
Ha
pa3BHTHIO
AOAroCpOMHoro
6aHKoB
HHCTHTy.;HOHaAbHOe
KoHcaAiTHH roErc I1HpOKOrO
50 BbiAO y'ie6HbiM
Tpe6yeT
pHpMbi. 06paigeHHe
(HanpHMep,
CaMH
no ce6e,
B
pbIHKxax HAH
K
H B
HHBeCTHlHBM.
npHBAeqeHHH
blTb 'ipe3BbIMaHHO
nepcreKTHBe
npHBOAHTb
OAHaKo
3Ha-HTeAbHbIX
K
IHHpOKOe
(pHHaHCOBbiX
H
HHOCTpaHHbie 6aHKH AaAeKO He BcerAa rOTOBbI.
HHCTHTyUHOHaAbHOrO
nIpH3HaH
npogeccoM
COTPyAHHmeCTBa
pa3BHTHe
KaApOBbIX peCypCOB, K 'eMy *
pa3BHBaioloHXCR
6
6aHKaMH MOmeT
pa3BHTHH
floAbiue),
BbI3bbIax
K KOHCaATHHrOBbIM
MTO
AHarHoCTHqeCKHe
npHSHaHme
pa3BHTHH KOHKpeTHOrO 6aHxa.
229
BCTpe'alOTC.R
KpHTH4ecKofi
cIHpMaM iaule
o ecneqeHHR
Bcero.
HeKoTopble
HCCAeAOBaHHR noTpe6HOCTH
6
AAR
RBAmoTCR
BamHbim
B HHCTHTygHOHaAbHOM
YKpeCIeINe
HinpemeJmeam
K
pyJovoxcrBa m IzoBbrieHme VyvcrCKTeAbhocrT
cerMeHTax,
(PHpMbi o6AaAaloT OrpOMHb1M OnbITOM He TOAbKO B TaKHX q)yHKUHOHaAbHbIX
KpeAHTHbie onepalHH H cTpaTerHYiecKoe
PHHaHCOBOH AeATeAbHOCTbIO,
KaK ynpaBAeHHe
K
ynpaLBAeHH.1HMH.
AOpOrOBH3Ha H BO3MO2KHOCTb
nOAXOAa OTHOCRTCR
HeAOCTaTKaM
H3MeHeHHH H
HHCTHTYUHOHaAbHb1X
HO H BO BHeApeHHH 3HaqHTaAbHbIX
nAaHHpOBaHHe,
Bce noAy'!eHHH HeAOCTaTOMHbIX HAH AaMe OTPHUaTeAbHbIX pe3yAbTaTOB, nOCKOAbKy He 6 qPHpMbi o AaAaIoT paBHOBbICOKOH KBaAH(HKaUHeH H, eCAH AOnyCTHM, Bbi6op IpHpMbi 6bIA cAeAaH He oqeHb rpaMOTHO. *
aeAa.
FIpOpeCCmOHaAbl 6aHxOBCKQIO
Bo
MeCTHbie HAH npHBAeKaeMbie co CTOpOHbl.
- aTy pOAb ycneuilHo
o6y"eHHbie BeAyUAHMH HHOCTpaHHbIMH 6aHKaMH. B
CbIrpaAH MeCTHbie Cneg,HaAHCTbI,
FaHa,
TaKHe KaK
MHorHx CTpaHax - HaSOBeM AAR
HHAOHe3Hio H TypGHIO
npHMepa TOAbKO '4HAH, CI)HAHnnHHbl, ApyrHe CTpaHbl,
4q)IeKTHBHOCTH
nOBbILueHHe
MOrYT COAeHCTBOBaTb npOpeCCHOHaAbi 6aHKoBcKoro
KAio,eBbiX npolleccoB ynpaBAeHHe
AeAa,
H
CTa6HAH3aUHH
AAA
HHOCTpaHHbie CnegHaAHCTbI
6bIAH npHBee3HbI
yKpenACHHH pyKOBOACTBa.
OAHH
B Ka'eCTBe COBeTHHKa lpe3HAeHTa
nlpHBAeKaeTCH
B
Heo6xOAHMbI CTpaHax,
TaKHX
o6yqeHHe
HAH
ynpaBAeHHH KHTaH,
KaK
nOArOTOBKY
KOTOpOH
Te
c'iHTalOT
HaH6OAee
geAecoo6pa3HblM.
H He rOAHTCR
AAq 6aHKoB,
co6cTBeHHoM
B
o6ywHAHcb,
CnegHaAHCTOB
HOAo6HbIfi
KOTOpbie
CTpeMHTCR
6
paC'iHTaH
blCTpO
Ha
HcnOAb3ylOT KaK
TaK,
ynpaBAeHH.
npogecce noAxoA
HeKOTOpbIX
3a rpaHHBy
saTeM
a
TeM
BpeMeHH KOTOpbie
B
CTpaHax.
6aHKH-KOppecnoHAeHTbl,
CBOH
TeXHHKy,
BpeMH
CBOHX
OTnpaBARIOT
6aHKH
pa3BHTHI.
nepHoAa
npeo6pa3oBaHHfi,
pa3BHBaIO.HXCH
B
6aHKaMH
B
KOPOTKoro
KpynHOMaclUTa6HbIx
npOBeAeHHea
AAA
HeAOCTaTO4HO
OnbITOM
rAe Heo6xOAHMO yKpenAeHHe
HAH aM,
Ha npOTHm2KeHHH
AHB
HecKOAbKHX
06yqeHHe
MeHee,
(PyHKlHOHaAbHbIM
noAAep2KKH npogecca HHCTHTYMHOHaAbHOrO
06yVeHHe Heo6xOAHMO AA5 He
TaM, rAe
HanpHMep, KpeAHTHOB.
OnpeAeAeHHOH (3yHKgHH,
*
H
ynpaBAeHqeCKHM
o611IHpHbIM
C
CiegHaAHCT
- HanpHMep
6aHKax
aTOT nOAXOA Aytqiue Bcero cpa6aTblBaeT B MaAeHbKHX
AAHTeAbHOe
Ha
peqoPMHPOBaTb
CBOH
CHCTeMbi ynpaBAeHHB.
*
-
IpHBHBasaJJHH
HHCTHTYBHOHaAbHOMY
iqaCTHbIX
IpopMOH
To,
pa3BHTHio
BAaAeAbUeB.
BHHMaHHe yAeAHeTCX
BOnpOCaM
rOCyAapCTBeHHbIX
co6CTBeHHOCTH HeKOTOpbiX
6aHKa.
AAA
HHBeCTHBHH
B
pa3mepe
15%
yqpe2mAeHHR
C
CHAbHblM
PYKOBOACTBOM
AaTb
6oAblue
BAOmeHBR
BoHpoCeM
CO CTOpOHbi naCCHBHOrO
HarpHMy1O CBR3aHO
6aHK.
XOpOIIIHH
He BcerAa
6aHKOB
(T.H.
B
xanHTaAa
cO
pa.3BHTHIO,
ieM
paBHbIK
CTOPOHbl
Oco6oe CTpaHaX
(pHHaHCOBOrO
HHBeCTOp) HAH
C
BAMUHHH Ha
pasBHBaiogHxcH
CTpaTerHBeCKHH
((PHHaHcOBoro)
6aHAOB -
npeAnpHHTHH
cnoco6cTBoBaTb
H3-3a HX nOTeHjUHaAbHOFO
axKlHCHOrO
HHCTHTYBHOHaAbHOMY
pIPMRaTH3a!J'H
6aHK -
LlaCTHblH
acXKeKTHBHOCTb
6yAeT
IpHBaTH3aUHq
HaCKOAbKO
Aa2me
cnoco
6
Hbi
6oAbimHe
HHBeCTOpa.
lHpoopMagwl
K paJ3MbIAIeHNro
HeCMOTpH Ha TO, qTO nlOAXOA K IIpHBaTH3amHB OTAHMaeTCH OT CTpaHe K CTpaHe OTAHqaeTCH, cyu4eCTBYlOT o6uMHe BonpocbI, KOTOPbIC Heo6xOAHMo aHaAH3HPOBaTb
230
B Ka2KAoii nporpaMMe.
K in
Ha IJzyT 3
aAa-IH
Y
upaBHTeAbcTDa.
BKAOioalOT
6oAee
6aHKoBcKoM
BbICOKY1O
porpamMMe HHcHTyflj'oRoasbHoi peIJJOpMN
npaBHTeAbCTBa
HX MHOrO H nOpOH OHH npoTHBOpeqHBbI.
Bc4peKTHBHOCTb,
6oAee
AeAe, nOBbi1IueHHe npaBHTCAbCTBeHHbIX
AoAra 3a cqeT npoAamKH),
BBeACHHC taCTHOl
BbICOKYIO
AOXOAOB
CTeneHb
(HAH
OHH
KOHKypeHUHH
CHHmtleHHe
B
HaUHOHaAbHOrO
co6cTBeHHOCTH (oco6eHHo B BOCTOqHOii EBpone)
H pa3BHTHe pb1HKa KanHTaAa. 3
aAa,qH
6aHKa MOryT OXBaTbIBaTb TaKHe BOnpOCbI,
KaK HHCTHTYIHOHaAbHOC 06HooAeHHe, nOArOTOBKy nepcoHaAa, TeXHOAOrHH nepeBOAoB, yBeAHieHHe KanHTaAa H 6oAbuwo aBTOHoMHIO. KaqeCTBo
aKqHoHepon.
BAaAeAbgbl,
14HpeKTopoB
H npOq3CcCHOHaAbHbIX
BecbTH AeAo
6oAee oCTOpOmHO.
94XpeKTHBHOCTb
HAH
npHBaTH3s4HH
npeAnpHRTHH,
HHOcTpaHHbie
4pHHaHCOBbie yYpe2KAeHHM OueeKa. nOMOqb
B
CaMo
HaAem2HOCTb
aAbTepHaTHBbJ
OTHOCHTCH qHCTaH
nOAHOH
CTOHMOCTb
IIOHHRTHO,
'iTO
(aKTopoM
npHBaTH3saHH
BqXFpeKTHBHOCTH
6aHKoB
pecypcoB, a Tame
6aHKa
6aHKa.
To
HBARIOTCH Tpe6oBaHHH
YCAOBHH
He
peryAHpoBaHHH,
a
K
yBeAH'IHBaeT npOCMOTpeTb
nepcoHaA
TaK2Ke
6aHKa,
BHyTpeHHHe
H HeAOCTaTKH.
npHBaTH3aUHH,
fpH
Ha6opa
napaMeTpoB
CnOCo6Hbi
ogeHKH.
K
HHM
AHCKOHTHpOBaHHblH
(ppaHmUHSbl,
He
2meAaHHeM
npOAaBaTb
MeHa
AOA2KHa
MeHee,
He
co6CTBeHHOCTH
yAyq'IIeHHIO
-
BOT
Mo6HAHsaUHH
XOTR H He
HaUHOHaAbH)lO 6bITb
KAIOq H
rAaBHbLM
K nOBbIlIIeHHIO
nepepacnpeAeAeHHio
6oAee Ka'eCTBeHHbix 6aHKoBcKHx ycAyr.
IIPH
npOBeAeHHH
HPHBaTH3aUHH
onpeAeAeHHble nooIpeHHH
rapaHTHH, a
BAaAeAbgbl,
npH6blAH K KanHTaAy,
rOpHT
He
KaqeCTBO
peKAaMHpyeTcH,
noraHleHHsl,
CoBeTa
bITb BKAIO9eHa B geHy.
TeM
BKOHOMHKe,
HHBeCTOpOB.
o6bPlHO
6
He
Baf2tHO
H pbIHO'lHaH CTOHMOCTb. CTOHMOCTb
UeHaM.
HHBeCTOpaM 6blAH npeAocTaBAeHbJ 3
npeHmygeCTBa
OTHOi11eHHe
TaK
KoMnaHHH,
CTOHMOCTH
npeAocTaBAeHHio
AAW
CTHKYAbl
B
OTAeAbHbie
cTpaXOBbJe
H
BAaAeHHe
nO3TOMy
HCnOAb3yeMbIe
aKTHBOB,
6pOCOBbIM
KBaAH¢HgHpOBaHHOrO
xaCTHoe
MeTOAHKH,
17paBHTeAbCTBO
no
npH
6aHKa.
HAH
CTporo T MeTOAOM aHaAH3a, MOmeT
lJeHa.
oAHaKo,
H4MeHHO
- BCe OHH HMeKOT CBOH
co6CTBeHHOCTb
aKUHH.
6aHKa.
6aHKH
AeHeMHblIH nOTOK, CpOK noraiueHHH IBAReTC
no ce6e,
KOHKpeTHOrO
MHoroqHCAeHHbie
onpeAeAeHHH
nOCpeACTBOM
ynpaBAHioujHx MOryT nOBbICHTb B(PXFKTHBHOCTb 6aHKa H
TaKffe
HO
HaH6oAee
o6Aer'eHHe KpeAHTbl
HeKOTOpbiX
6aHKoB
HAH rioMOUjb npH npHo6peTeHHH
'iaCTO
HCrioAb3yeMbiMH
nopTqpeAbHoro
HeKoTopbiM
6peMeHH,
riOKyriaTeARM
CTHMyAaMH CHH2eHHe (HanpHMep,
nepcoHaAy 6aHKa). MeToA npoA^asiR. orpaHH'qeH
YPOBHeM
O61JeCTBeHHbli nOArOTOB3Ka
MeToA npoAa2KH TeCHO cBRsaH C npO(pHAeM Pa3BHTHR
H
rAy6HHOH
HagHOHaAbHoro
2KcAaeMblX PbIHKa
HHBeCTOpOB, UeHHbix
HO
6ymar.
ayKiHOH HAH npHmoe pa3MeujeHHe - BOT ABe HaH6OAee ynoTpe6HMbIe 4pOpMbi.
K
npnBaTHsaBNH
pacnaAaeTcH
Ha Heo6xoAHMylo
H Ao6poBoAbHyIO H qiacTo
BKAIOqaeT: *
AKgHOHHpOBaHHe,
KOTOpOe
HBAHeTCH
2KeAaTeAbHbIM
H
-3a'acTyio
nepBblM
uiaroM
npHBaTH3agHH; *
CnegHaAbHbIii
ayAHT,
BmAIoqaH o 6 30p KpeAHTHOro nopTe,
AAR Alo6oro (pHHaHCOBoro peCTpyKTypHpoBaHHH;
231
BafHoro AAR
oMeHKH
H
YhVpeizAeHHe pyKORO,4CTMa
*
roKynaTeAH
eCAH TOAbKO
o6Hapy2eHHbIX
criHcaHHe
BKAIomaio04ee
peCTpyKTypHpOBaHHe,
CI)HHaHcoBoe KpeAHTOB,
sloSBrzffeHwe qyBcTBNTeAbHocTN K nHepemeHam
H
nJAOXHX
PaCXOAOB H y6blTKoB, CBR3aHHbiX C
He HcnyraAHCb
nAOXHMH aKTHBaMH;
*
CHHmaHHe 'HCAa COTpyAHHKOB;
*
YKpenAeHHe
ympemAeHHQ
xapaxTepa
o6qeCTBy,
npOAaHbi
yAYT
npeAiu1eCTBOBaTb
AOA2KHO
pa3BHTHe
HHCTHTY%HOHaAbHOe
aKgHH
ECAH
npHBaTH3aMHH.
omHAaeMoH
6
3aBHCHT OT
H
AeAoM Ao6pOBOAbHbIM
HBAHeTCH
ECAH
npHBaTH3alHH.
TO aKipHH
6aHKy, TO aToT 6aHK yAyT npoAaHbI CTpaTerHiecKOMy HHBecTopy, HanpHMep, Apyromy yqpe2KAeHHH. IlIo2aAyH, 6yAeT no BCeH BHAHMOCTH yMaCTBOBaTb B TpaCH¢opmaUHH 6
oco6oro oT6opa HHBecTopa. HHCTHTYUHOHaAbHoe pa3BHTHe - oAHa Hs rAaBHbix npH-IHH O6HoBAeHHe TeXHOAorHH, 4TO TaK2Ke He o6H3aTeAbHo.
*
B
CAyqae,
nOAOOTOBHTb
H MapKeTHHroBb1MH KoMnaHHRMH.
peKAaMoH
npeporaTHBbl yripaBAeiHR
H
Be3
AHpeKTOpOB.
CoBeTa,
H
aBTOHOMHH
Bonpoca:
Ba2KHb1X
ABa
H pOAb
H Ha6opa nepcoHaAa, H CTpyKTYpa
Bce
pYKOBOAHTb,
cnoco6Horo
H
[npHBaTH3Hpo8aHbi
maCTH9HO
BO3HHKaIOT
naKeT,
6aHKa B Bonpocax KpeAHTOBaHHH
aBTOHOMHOCTb
6aHKH
ECAH
ICOHTPOAb.
KOHTpOAbHbIH
coxpaH3eT
npaBHTeAbCTBO
Heo6xOAHMO
TO pbIHOK KaniHTaAOB
OTKpbITO,
6yAyT npoAaBaTbcR
aKUHH
eCAH
npeHMYWeCTBa
npHBaTH3saHH nponaAyT.
Bamu^be
pIHBaTH3agUH 6aHKa.
upeAJWOCbIAKH
6a3a, paSHO KaK H AOCTOHHbie UeH H npeACTOHT AH6epaAH3aiHsI B3a, peryAsrrHBHaH
BXOAHT MOUJHaH iOpHAHqeCKaR
CioAa
Ha 6aHK ripeAuIeCTBOBaTb npHBaTH3agHH C TeM, 4To bl HX BAH9HHe
6aHKa
noKynaTeAH,
6aHKH
KpynHble Ka'eCTBa
nOATBep2KAeHHA
rAe
TaM,
KaK
npHBaTH3aUHH.
npOAaiOTCI
aKJgHH
HI
blAO nOHHlTHO.
rpoH3BeAyT
HaBepHHKa
no'TH
aKTHBOB.
AA
Ba2KHa
2KH3HeHHO
6
A4OA2rHbi
OHm
CHCTeMbi,
BaAIOTHOH
peqpOpMbi
6
rLAaTe2Kecnoco6HOCTb
TaM, rAe OMHAaeTcR
yweTa H ayAHTa.
CTaHAapTbl
H
HaKOHeU,
nOTeHCHaAbHb1e
olleHKY
nOPT(PeAA
'1aCTHbIM
AHMaM,
AAm
sAaCTH
AOAMKHbi 6blTb OcO6eHHO OCTOpo2KHbl. N HHCTHTNNHOHaAbHOe paBHNTNe
06yreHne AAA
MHOrHX
Pa3BHBaIOUHXCsI
6blemero
CCCP,
qpHHaHCOBbIX
HaH6oAee
Oco6eHHO
npeACTaBAAIOT
aB|KpeKTHBHO,
nOTpe6HOCTeH, a
c
KorAa
ApyroH
-
OHO
H
KaK pa3 B BTHX CTpaHaX
THMKY1O
CTPOHTCHI
BO MHOrHX
AHAeMMy.
Ha
C
EBponb! H
FAaBHbIM npenUTCTBHeM
o6y"eHHe
H nOArOTOBKa
CTOpOHbl,
OAHO
OnpeAeACHHbiX
TOiHO
OCHOBe
cAy'aRx
o6y'eHHe. Ha
B CTpaHaX BocTcqHoii
KaApOB CTaHOBHTcH
CKYAOCTb KBaAHHUHPOBaHHbliX
Ha rIyTH pa3BHTHH 6aHKoBcKoH CHCTeMbI. Cne1MHaAHCTOB
oco6eHHO
pblHKaX,
OCHOBaTeAbHoe
Tpe6yeTcH
pa3BHTHH
nOAAep2mPKH HHCTHWIYHOHaAbHOrO
HAeHTHMHKKaUHH
nOTpe6HOcTeH
o6yqeHHe KaAPOBb1X euje
He
npOM3ouLAO.
Ha pa3BHTbix 6aHKoBcKHx
pbiHKaX,
nOAroTOBKa
6aHKKHpoB
o3HaKoMAeHHIO HX C TeXHH4eCKHMH HAH ynpaBAeH'ieCKHMH paHee YCTaHOaAeHHbIX
H
npoUeAypbl.
c(pep AeHTeAbHOCTH,
Ha pa3BHBaioigHxcR
qaue
npoUeAypaMH,
scero
CBOArTCSI
HeO6xoAHMbIMH
K ASA
noA KOTOpbie yme CyUgeCTBYIOT OCHOBbi cTpaTerKH
pbiHKax
noTpe6yeTcR
6oAee
AHHaMHlHbIH
nOAXOA
K
H onepagHiax 6aHKoB 6yAyr o6ytieHHIo, nOCKOAbKy MHOrHe H3MeHeHHH B nOAHTHKe, npogeAypax CcTH AeAa, pa3BHTHSR. Io npOBOAHTbCsi BO BpeMS BbInOAHeHHR nporpaMM HHCTHTyIaHOHaAbHOrO
232
Ha izyi' rK nporpamma HHCTHTYI5HOHaAbHoro KOTOpbIX
npeACTOHT
YCTaHaBAHBalYOTCH
paB3HTnH OnpeCAeAAeT HOBbJe pa6o4He mecTa B 6aHKCax, AAs
rOTOBHTb
CnelUHaAHCTOB
O6y'ieHHe B cpeAe, noABepraioWeAcH
nO3BOAHT
6oAee
H
ynpaBARIOU4HX,
tiero
nOCpeACTBOM
eAH H OCHOBHoe cOAep2KaHHe o6yqeHHR.
llpOBeAeHHS1 nOTpe6yiOTCH nOKpblBaTb
jiporpamme HHCTHJTfNOHHaAIHOAr pee OpMM
TOAbKO
HaBbIKH H rH6KocTb. 6
OCHOBHbie
nOTpe HOCTH
nepcoHaAy pa6oTaTb
nAOAOTBOPHO
6oAee
y"aCTBOBaTb
HHCTHTYlHOHaAbHOrO
H3MeHeHHRM AOA2fHO 6bITb HHTepaKTHBHbIM.
pa3BHTHH,
IepBOHa'laAbHo B
6a3oBoM
aqxeKTHBHO.
BMecTe
paBHO
C
Ka
HHOCTpaHHbIMH
H UrOArOTOBHT
qpHHaHCOBbIX
PbIHKOB. KpaiiHe Ba2KHbl yqe6Hble npOrpaMMbi
ynpaBAeHHH
PHCKaMH,
pa6oTbl
q1HHaHCaMH,
6aHKOBCKOM
HOAy'eHHble
1AAH ero
nporpaMMbi
yqe6Hble
6yAyT
o6pa3oBaHHH,
'ITO
HaBbJKH nO3BOAHT 6aHKHpaM
aKCnepTaMH
nepcoHaA
npoBeAeHHH
B
pA3BpasBBaoUXC
4AH
B o6AaCTH KXpeHTHOrO aHaAH3a H
AeHe2HOM
Ha
pbIHKe H pbIHKe KanHTaAOB, BaAIOTHbIX onepagHH H mapKeTHHra (CM. nepeqeHb OCHOBHbIX nporpamm B npHAo2meHHH K BTOH rAaBe.)
gN'OHHau TeXHOAO.HHN
HHvpopmu
HH(popMaMHOHHaH HeMHorHe 6aHKu
Ha pa3BHBaIOIIHXCR
HH4JOpMagHOHHYIO pyKOBOAHTeAH
(HT),
TeXHOAOrHH
TexHoAorHIo,
6aHKoB
AOlnOAHHTeAbHoro
aromamTaHfgHw pa602 6aNxoa
H
no CyTH AeAa,
PbIHKaX
6oAblHHCTBo
BHAST
yCKOpeHUH
B
6aHKOB
ynpaBAeHqecKoH
HeB3Hpaa
3Ha'eHHe
Ha
ynpaBAeHH9,
HHfOPMaUHH
TeXHOAOrHH,
YTo6bi
H
HcnOAb3yeT
H
yBeAHHHTb
ycneilHoe
ee.
B 6aHKax.
HoIH9THO,
qTO
CpeACTBO
npHAaHHf
BHeApHTb
cHCTeMbi,
cnewuaT
6aHKaMH yCAyr,
nOAyqaTb OCHOBHYIO qaCTb
aq4eKTHBHOCTb
HHPJOpMaUHOHHbli
o6ecne'IwTb
PCBOAIOIHIO
mepe aBxpeKTHBHO HcnOAb3yiOT
TeXHOAorHH
MoAePHH3agHH
cnoco6Hble nOBbICHTb Ka'eCTBO npeAocTaBAReMbix noTpe6HoA
He
HH(POpMagHOHHOA
6blCTpOii
IpOH3BeAa
B 3HaqHTeAbHOH
6HSHec
cam
AOCTH2KCHHe
AeMTeAbHOCTH.
no
ce6e
Tpe6yeT
nOCTaBAeHHbIX
BeAei.
HHqpOpMagHoHHaH TeXHOAOrHH AOAKHa nOAKCpenAHTb npogecc ynpaBAeHHq, HO He o6roHsTb ero
He
pasBHTHe. OKa3aTbCR
CAeAyeT
TOPOnHTbCH
HeonTHMaAbHbIMH
C
TeXHOAOrH'eCKHMH
peiueHHRMH,
- eCAH He Boo 6 We HenpHAomHMbIMH
KOTOpb1e
MOryT
K peaAbHOH npaKTHKe - AO
Toro KaK 6yAeT onpeAeAeHa BO BCex acrieKTaX noApo6 HaA nporpamma HHCTHTYUHOHaAbHOro pa3BHTH..
lpoUeCcC BHeApeHHS
o6ujefi
nporpaMMoH
noAb3y,
eCAH
6aHKoBcKoi
HHpOpMaUHOHHOA
ero
6yAeT
par3BHTHH.
CAy2KHTb
AeHlTeAbHOCTH
COOTBeTCTBYeT onpeAeAeHbl
HOBOU
AHHeHHbIMH
HX
onopoii ycAyr,
PYKOBOAHTeARMH ynpaBAeCHH
KoMnIeTeHUHH.FIOCKOAbKy
KaK npaBnAO,
1o aTHM BOnpOcaM
HcnoAb3oBaHHS
HHq)OpMaUHOHHOH
nporpammax coBepLueHCTBOBaHHR l14HqpopMaUHaHHaA HHpOpMaUHOHHOiH
TeXHOAOrHR TeXHOAOrHH
B AeHTeAbHOCTb 6aHKa
cTpaTerHH,
TeXHOAOrHH H
npeAOCTaBAReMbiX
opraHH3aUHOHHOH
HHqPOpMaIUHsI nOTpe6Ha AAm
cqepe
H
TexHOAorHH
HH(POpMaUHOHHaA
CTpyKType: C
HCHbIM
AeAOM,
eCAH
OpHeHTHPOBaHbl caMH
B 6aHKOBCKOM
AeAe
6aHKoBcKoMy
233
HHcpOpMauHH KaKaR
YPOBHei
HHCTHTyl&HOHaAbHOrO
Ha ce6,
4
B
TOM,
H perYAHPOBaHHH
o6ecne'HBaAa
ynpaBAeHHR. HpHAomeHHe
0
nIPOAYKTOB
KoHqHrypagjHn
ee
noTpe6HOCTH
BaHamHo,
'T06bi
noTpe6HocTH,
CBHsaH C
HaH6OAbJiyO
6aHKa,
eCAH
npeACTaBAeHHeM
KOHTpOAH
nipHHeceT
H3Hec-nAaHa
6aHKoM:
noApo6Hble nIpOrpaMMbI
TeXHOAOrHHH
K
6
TeCHO
HMeHHO
pHcKa B pa3BHTHI, cTpaTerHu
onpeAeAeHHbie
B
K AaHHOMY TOMY IIOA Ha3BaHHeM
OXBaTbIBaCT
npo6AeMbl
AeAy,ynpaBAeHHIO
H
npHAO2KHMOCTH
OpraHH3aUHOHHbIM
mepememam YJrpeirAewie pJwoBo,AcTBa m JzoBmurneHre 'yBcTrmemAzocTN Kr
npoUeCC
BonpocaM:
ee
BHeApeHHH
TexHH'iecKHe
acneKTbi,
npHKAaAHoe
npOrpaMMHoe
o6ecneeMeHHe
HHme,
apxHTeKTypy
H
Me2Ay
CBH3H
HAAIOCTPHPYeT
yqpemAeHHH,
Ta12Ke
6.2,
BCTaBKa
qacTT.
annapaTHoll
a
ooopMAeHHe,
npoeKTHo-KoHcTpyKTopcKoe
HanpHMep,
HeKoTopbIe
npHBeAeHHaR
6aHKoBcKHx
BAeHTeAbHOCTb
pa3BHTHeM
OpraHH3aUHOHHblM
H
HHqHopMagHOHHOA TexHoAorHeH.
O'bMT 3
MEPPo
IXeKTHBHoe
He6AaronpHsRTHoH
H cTa6HAbHoe cpeAe.
HNONaAbHorO paauNHNJ
lgeAe HHCTI
HHCTHTYUHOHaAbHoe
Cos3AaHHio
npeAnocblAOK
B pa3BHTHR CTaAH yAeAHTb OCHOBHoe BHHMaHHe
MaKPOBKOHOMHmecKorO pe3yAbTaTOB.
peq)opM
H
cnoco6cTBy1ouHHx
npH
HMeTb MeCTa B
HHCTHTYUHOHaAbHOro
npHHOCHAH
He
YCTOH'qHBOCTb
HaAHqHe CTpaTerHH
a"eeKTHBHblX,
MO2KeT
r.r. HporpaMMbi, noCTnoeHHbie 6e3 y'eTa
6aHKaM
K KOMMePmeCKHM
B03paCTaeT
noRBAeHHIO
0-x
He
cTa6HAbHoro
AAR
KoHTeKCTa,
HHCTHTYUHOHaAbHoro
HpHMeHHTeAbHO
3HaxHTeAbHO
8
pa3BHTHe
6e3y6blTOaHbIx,
H
nOAO?KHTeAbHbIX
HHCTHTYUHOHaAbHbIX
HHCTHTyIHOHaAbHb1X
2rHsHecnoco6Hb1x
OCHOB,
6aHKOBCXHX
OCHOBaMH noApa3ymeBaioTci CTa6HAbHaH yqpe2KAeHHH. IOA nOAo6HbIMH HHCTHTYIHOHaAbHbIMH AeHe2KHO-KpeAHTHaa nOAHTHKa; HaAHqHe B MaKpoBKoHoMH'eCKoM CMbICAe cpeAa: pa3yMHaR O 3aKOH (BXAIOiaH AeRTeAbHOCTH KOMemeeCKoH 0 3aKOHOAaTeAbCTBa npoAymaHHoro H ynpaBAeHHH HX AeHTeAbHOCTblo; 6aHKpOTCTBe), 3aKOHoAaTeAbCTBa o 6aHKax, KOHTpOAe peaAH3aglUo cnoco6Hble o6ecne'HTb cpeAcTBa, TaXme HHCTHTyAHoHaAbHbie Heo6xoAHMbl HaKoHeU AAS 6aHKoBcKoro ynomMRHyTbix nOAHTHKH (cTpaTerHH), 3aKOHOB H ycTaHoBAeHHH. y'eTa H nposeAeHHe peBH3HH, a AeAa Cy3_qeCTBeHHbl HaAe2KHbIe npogeAypbi 6yxraATepcKoro Tam?e xBaAH(3HHpOBaHHbie
KaApbl.
BbilnOAHeHHbIMH HeAaBHO B PeKoMeHAyeTcsI nOAb3OBaTbCS1 ABYMR CTPYKTYPHbIMH aHaAH3aMH, MBPP H OTAHqanioIJHMC5[ TujaTeAbHOH npopa6oToHi o6igHx npo6AeM CBH3H C K 51 HeKOTOpble Ba2KHbie BbIBOAbI AaHHbIX pa6oT npHAo0HMbi HHCTHTYUHOHaAbHOF0 pa3BHTHR.
nPoeKTaMH
peMb HAeT o CAeAYMliHX nporpammam pam3ThfR KoMMepqecKHx 6aHKoB. B cmaToM BHAe peKOMeHAaUHmx: *
Oupe4eAeHHe KOHTCXCKTa. pa3pa6oTKy
*
npOeKTOB,
4
T06bi
HMeTb AOArocpoMHyio nepcneKTHBy,
Heo6xOAHMO
pacnoAaraTb
CneI HHqeCKHMH
HanpasAioujy3o AAR
CTpaHb1
pa3BHTHI. BapHaHTaMH CTPaTerHH noceKTopHorO HHCTHTYUHOHaAbHorO AHarHOCTH'iCcKHH YrAy6AeHHblii npoeKToB. AHaAH-N B3a1MOSaBICHMOCreH H paspa6oTIa npeABaPHTeAbHblM HenpeAOmHblM HBAEeTCH OCHOB HHCTHTyUHoHaAbHbIX aHaAH3 YCAOBHeM AAR HaqaAa pa3pa6oTKH npoeKTOB.
*
npoeKToS HMeeT 6oAbuxoe HapaTjBaHrne YCTOkYiBOCTH paSBHrw. XoTH peaAH3a;IHH yAeAReTCH MaAO BHHMaHHH. 3HaqeHHe, Ba2KHee YCTOHqHBOCTb pa3BHTHR, 'eMy -3aqacTyio
51 HoA
1990;
BbiomrK
1991. 234
Ha ,iy,wr BCTaBKa
iporpamme
O
NOONO
peOpMM
6.2 CTpaTerHqecicoe ynpaBAeHHe TexHoAorHei ,KAolieave sowpocM
PewyuTarm
Kaxoe nporpaMHoe
o6ecrieqeHHe? POAb ciTeAhi MROA*'eCHN
* YcAyrm
3
s
*
IaKeT
a
TiAyuae
crpaTerw
TK
KAHeHTaM?
*
CHmHuie pacxoAoB?
*
IloBbiueHHe AOXOAOB?
*
HHqOpMawmHR
KaKoe I
aAa'H H cTpaTerHR
annapaTHoe
o6eccneqeHHe?
"IrEn
6aHKa
*
IeHTPaAH3OBaHHOe
IdHTerpH-
*
PacnpeAeAeHHoe
pomwHH=
*
OTAeAbHoe
TeXHOAOrH-
*
OCHOBHoe
.
'ecKHH
MHHH
nIA
0(paapu) * FIepcoHaAbHoe
jocraro-mocrb
r
cyIgecrByIo4gmx cNCrem *
HoAAepmxa cTpaTerHU?
-
fIoMoub noAb3oBaTeASM?
*
CoAepmaHHe?
KaKuie
KOMMYHHKaI4HH
Heo6XOAHMbI?
_ *
B peaAbHOM BpeMeHH Ha KoHeL AHH
*
Ha KoHeU Mecsqa
*
MeuHmaAbHbie b
*
Me2AIyHapoAHbIe
KaxHe opraHH3aWIHoHHbie
CHcTeMbi,
H3MeHeHHR Heo 6 xoAHMbi?
onpeAeAR-
3BM
embie
*
CTpyKTypa
*
HaBbnKU nepcoHaAa
*
FIOAHTHKa
H
CTpaTerIHei
npoleAypbl
B
6aHKa
oTHoiIIeHHH
KaK
3aAaRaMH H
3BM
yripaBJATb
TexHoAorHeHi?
*
YqacTHe rioAb3oBaTeAeA
*
YqacTme pyKOBOACTBa
kIc7rjimf: Bys-AAeH H raMHAbTOH.
235
BblCmlero
AJ epej,emar
IyRcTBmTeAbHocTm YzrpeIIAeNu'e pjwoDogcTrm m mommurIcHNe
OXBaTbiBaiolgHe geAbie ceKTopa rI6KoCTb B gpogecce peaAH3aJJHH. KoMnAeeKCHbie, pa3BHTHR Tpe6yIoT npR HX HHCTHTyUHOHaAbHOrO 6aHKoBcKoro AeAa npOrpaMMbl
*
TugaTeAbHorO
peaAH3QUHH
*
3aBHCHMOCTH OT KOHKpeTHbIX o6CTOHTeAbCTB. H BHeLiHHX BBO4OB MeCrHbMX rapMOHHsagim
H AAHTeAbHbIHl
PbEHKaX - CAOMHblU
Aame Ha BbICOKOpa3BHTbIX UHHaHCOBbiX pblHKax, CnIpaBHTbCR. He cyu4ecTByeT o6pa3UoBof nporpaMMb
B
y6emAeHHH
Tpe6yeT
TOM,
H3MeHeHHR H
AHpeKTOpa
HCnOAHHTCAbHOrO
cTapmerO
'TO
a TaK2Ke
COCTOHHUH BKOHOMHKH H pblHKa,
3aiacTyio
KOTOpbIe MOryT
BHeApeHUe H3MeHeHHA,
KaApOB.
Ha H3MeHRioigHxcx
npo0ecc.
6 HeKoTopbie 6aHKH He ClOCo Hbl c aTHM H3S-Sa pa3HHUbl B ypoBHe pa3BHTHn yqpemAeHHa,
AOCTYnHbIX
BbICTORTb
cnoco6Hblx
6aHKoBcKHx HHCTHTYTOB,
MOJIHbiX
nOCTaHOBKce
B
AOAKHbi npHHHMaTh yIacTHe
npOeKTOB
HHCTHTYUHOHaAbHOrO AHarHo3a H pa3pa6oTKe Te, KTO HenoCpeACTBeHHO 3THM 3aHHMaeTCH. lIocTpoeHHe
mporpaMmy.
B
B
KyPC
KoppeKTHPOBaTb
rOTOBHOCTH
H
Ha6AioAeHHR
2UH3HeHHO
HeO6xOAHMbI.
K C6o0M,
pellU1MoCTh
Ba2Hbl
OCHOBbl
pyKOBOACTBa.
cTapiiero
2teAaHH
npHBOAHTb
3TOT TOM HUAAIOCTpHpyeT Ay-imuHe MeTOAHKH I1paBHAbHOrO 6aHKOBCKoro AeAa BeCbMa llpOCTbl. memAyHapoAHoe npHo6peTaloT 6aHKa, KoTopb1e caMbix BamHbIX pa3AeAOB ynpaBAeHHR nporpaMMbi HHCTHTY1HOHaAbHbIX nepeMeH npH3HaHHe. OnbIT nOKa3biBaeT, 'ITO BHeApeHHe
npHcTynaTb. MomneT 3aHHTb Ao nHTH AeT. HacTaAo BpeMH
FlIpAomKeHme A: OCHOBHas nporpaMMa OCHOBHaH OCHOBHb1e
COCTOUT
nporpamma
6aHKOBCKHx
TeMbi
KpeAHTa
y'eTa,
H3 (pHHaHCOBOro
y'ie6Hblx
npo)ecCHOHaAbHbIX
H KpeAHToBaHHR.
3
Kypcbl
nporpaMM.
To
no
pe3yAbTaTOB AeRTeAbHOCTH, a Taxre no nAaHHPOBaHHO0, COCTaBAeHHio 6ioA4neToB H H3MepeHHIO TeMaM
ApyrMm
(PHHaHCoBOro
o6S3aTeAbCTBaMH,
TaKme
B COOTBWTCTBHH
6aHKoM
KYPCOB ynpaBAeHHH
MeHeAmMeHTa, AAR
Heo6xOAHMbI
C Tpe6oBaHHSMH
Toro,
'jTo6bi
B xaKoU-TO
(UHHaHCaMH 6yAeT
nepeopHCHTHPOBaTb HHaHHCOBb1X
AH6epaAH3ajHH CTeneHH
aKTHBaMH
ynpaBAeHHe
KaK
TaKHM
pbIHKOB.
H
ynpaBAeHHe AyAHTopHui
6oAee orpaHHIeHHOH.
06uJHe
AeAo, q)HHaHcoBbie pbIHKH, MapKeTwur, Kypcbi, TaxKe KaK, BBeAeHHe B AeHbrH H 6aHKoBcxoe TOprOBAH 6yAyT HMeTb npeAno'TeHHe. ynpasAeHue KaApaMH H UHHaHCHpOBaHHe
Kpe.Aumoe o6yrezae 06sop yvera/tDHHaHcoBbrfaBH&aAH 0 63op 6a3oBb:x, noAy'qHBUIHX me2AyHapoAHoe * *
PacnpOCTpaHeHHe (HHaHCoBOH OTTqeTHOCTH;
*
KAIO'eBble
*
XapaxTepHCTHKa OTpacAeH no ceKTopam; TeXHHKa aHaAH3a q3HHaHCOBOH OTqeTHOCTH;
*
AHaAH3
noKa3aTeAH,
noToKoB
HHTepnpeTaUHa
HaAHqHbIX
H AeHeC2HbIX
6aAaHce H cmeTa npH6blAeH\y6blTKoB; *
CZHHaHCOBOH
aHaAH3 Ha KOMnblOTepe;
236
npH3HaHHe KoHiengHH 3PeTa;
COOTHOIueHHH,
CpeACTB;
aHaAH3
paccqLeTbi,
TeHAeHuplH,
ocHoBaHHbie
Ha
Ha IIy7H Kr J1pOFpaMMC |*
IpOrHO3HpOBaHHe AeHe2lHbiX
*
BsioAHbiii
AeHbrH
KypC
H KaK
nOTOKOB; aNaAH3 'IyBCTBHTeAbHOCTH;
KopnopaTHBHoro OHH
noraiiialoT
(pHHaHcHpoBaHHH; AoAr;
Bbl6opbI
aKTHBoB; Ae6HTopcKaH 3aAOA2KeHHOCTb H 3anacbl
*
MeToAbi
OgeHKH KaqeCTBa
HHCTIHTyIJIOHaAU5HOiY pefoOpMMr
q3HHaHCO3OH
noqemy KOMnaHHH
(PHHaHcHpoBaHHn;
UHKA
3aHHMalOT o6opoTa
TMU.
HHH0opMaUHH;
cnoco6bi nepecocmamemn
(PHHaHCOBO'H OTqeTHOCTH. rIpHHMgHIIb Kpe4HTa *
KpaTKOCpOqHoe
HAH
AoArocpoqHoe
CTPYKTYPHPOBaHHe
KpeAHTa;
OnpeAeACHHe
noTpe6HocTeH KAHeHTa; *
flporHO3HpoBaHHe 6yAynJHx flOTpe6HoCTeN KAHeHTa B cpeAcTBax;
*
OnpeAeAeHHe KpeAHTHbIX pHCKOB;
*
OnpeAeAeHHe
npo6AeMHblX
KpeAHTOB,
paHHHX npusHaKOB yXyAJiieCH, B aTOH CHTyaiHH, OTCAeC2HBaHHe yxyAiUaiojHxcR Rpe4wroB; CTpaTerHH pa6oTbl C npo6AeMablMH KpeAHTaMH H cnaceHHe cHTyaUHH; KpeAHToBaHHe fnoA HM5I HAH rOA alHaAH3 AeHem2Hbix
npaBHAbHbie
AefiCTBH * *
rIOTOKOB;
*
OTpacAeBoH aHaAH3/cneIHaAH3HpoBaHHoe
*
AAMHHHCTPHPOBaHHe KpeAHToB;
KpeAHToBaHHe/aHaAH3 CeKTOpOB;
0*6ecneteHHe H 3aAor; MHq)bI H peaAbHOCTb; *
KpeAHTHblH npoUecc C MoMeHTa BbiAaqH A0 noraineHHm; bi6op 3aeMIHKoB; aHaAH3 pb!HKa; MCTOAbl MapKeTHHra.
!HepecTpYW7ypHpOBaHHe
*
NOpiIOpaMIH
IlpoliHe KypcbI: *
YnpasAeHHe (3HHaHCaMH Ka3HaqefiCTBO YnpasAeHHe aKTHBaMH H o6R3aTeAbCTBaMH YYnpaBAenHe BaAIOOH BHyTpeHHHH ayAHT OnepaJHoHHbli
H cpHHaHCOBblfi KOHTPOAb
*
HAaHHpOBaHHe
*
YnpaBAeHHe KaApaMH HaBbikH HaA3opa MeToAbl onpeAeAeHHR
Hy2IHbIX HaBb1KOB
OnpeAeAeHHe Pe-yAbTaTOB AeHTeAbHOCTH H CHCTeMa nooUpeHHHi Pa3BHTHe Kapbepbi * *
HlpHeMbi MapKeTHHra H "1POAaMH Me2KyHapoAHaH H HaMHoHaAbHbie CHCTeMbi
*
1HH)OpMagHoHHaq TeXHOAorHH B 6aHKax
*
CHCTeMa ynpaBAeHqecKoH HHqOpMpaHH
*
Toprosoe pHHaHCHpoBaHHe
*
IloAroToBKa npenoAaBaTeAef
237
nAaTemeH
I I i
I
IIPA
O2KEHHE 1.
E030P Y17PABAEHHfJ AKTHBAMHI 17OBIMIEHHOMO PHCKA CO,aEPmAHHE
B
AaHHOM
HpHAOmeHHH oniHcaHa MeTOAOrHH, KOTOPOH peKoMeHAyeTcH npuHAep2KHsaTbc B no KOHTpOA10 3a KpeAHTaMH 5 2 B 6aNKe npH npOBeAeHHH peBH3HH H aHaAH3a KpeAHTHOrO nopT"TAH H ynpaBAeHHR pHCKaMH B cBoeM OTAeAe HAH (pHAHaAe. MeToAoAorHH ocHoB8Ha Ha PyKOBOACTBe, KOTOPbIM B AeHCTBHTeAbHOCTH noAsb3ylOTCR MmOHrHe KpynHb1e 6aHXH pa6oTe oTAeAaM
CWJA.
YnpaBAeHHe aKTHBaMH
*
O6ecnemeHHR
riOBbim11eHHOro
rapaHTHH
AOCTaTOHO
geARM:
geAeH nOAy 1IeHHH npH6bJAH xoMnaHHH nyTeM BbiAeAeHHR
AOArocpoiHbix
aKTHBOB nOsBbIUeHHOrO pHCKa H ynpaBAeNHH3
*
3
PHCKa AOA2KHO Y0OBAeTBOpHTb
Bb1COKorO
HMH.
KaqecTBa nOpTcpeAeH
aKTHBOB no0BbieCHHoro pHCKa npoUeAyp, 061JHX 4AH Bcex 6aHKoB H Bcex pblHKOB. AHHeHHOrO ynpaBAeHHH, ynpaBAeHHH KpeAHTHOM nOAHTHKOH, KOHTpOAH H
nyTeM pa3pa6oTKH 'eTKHX _*
HHTerpagHH
CnepecMoTpa aKTHBOB.
Ojn'caa'e upogecca yIpamehw. pOCsOM m onpegeJAefH Hop*eJJAH YnpaBAeHHe
YfnpaBAeHHeM
pHcKaMH
aXTHBaMH
pHCKa onpeAeAAeTCR, pHCKaMH
oxBaTblBaeT
B OCHOBHOM,
npeACTaBAseT
BeCb
noBbiujeHHoro Co6oH
noTOK AeqTeAbHOCTH,
pHCKa.
Ka'eCTB3o
o6ecne'HBaioUgHMH
4ieAeHanpaBAeHHbe
CBwmaHHOH
nOpTtAR
O6blqHoe ynpaBAeHHe nOpTcpeAeM, BKA1o'1aKoHIee TpaAHUHOHHYIO MeTbipex
BHAOB AeHCTBHH
-
C03AaOHeM
H
nOBblieHHOro
Hlpomecc ynpaBAeHHH
H COCTOHT
Ha Tpex 1HpOKHX
KaTeropHH:
*
C
aKTHBOB
ero npoMeccaMH.
Ae4HCTBHR
xawecraa
nOCAeOBaTeAbHOCTb
onpeAeAeHHe
geAeBoro pbIHKa, rlOArOTOBKY KpeAHTa K BblAaqe, aHaAH3, AoKyMeHTa8gHH no KpeAHTy H (paKTH-eCxoe npeAOCTaBAeHHe KpeAHTa, ynpaBAeHHe pHCKaMH H KpeAHTaMH - HapHAy c co6AioAeHHeM AOnOAHHTeAbHbIX
aAeMeHTOB,
KOTOpbIe
rnoAHTHKa, npaKTHKa,
*
CrpynflHpOBaTb
noA TaKHMH o6igHMH npOgeAypbl H BbiHBAeHHe npo6AeM.
HasBaHHHMH
xaK
YnpasAeHHe, HMeEogee cBoeH geAb1o noMOyb B co03aBmueHcs CHTYa3HH, npeACTaBAAReT co6oA
*
MO2KHO
caMocToRTeAbHbliH
BHA
AeTeAbHOCTH,
KOTOpblH
KOHUeHTpHpyeTCR
Ha
HcnpaBAeHHH HeAoCTaTKOB, BCTpeqaioujHxcC B XoAe o6bxsHoro ynpaBAeHHH nopTqIeAeM. OpraHH3agtHl H noA 6 op nepcoHaAa npeACTaBAReT co6ofi 'eTbipe BHAa AeRTeAbHOCTH: OpraHH3aHHJO H pa3MeigeHHe cAy2K6 (oTAeAeeHHA) 6aHKa, nOA 6 op COOTBeTCTBY0OUCero
nepcoHaAa,
o6ecneqeHHe
npeeMCTBeHHOCTH
o6yTeHHe
nepcoHaAa. KpHTHqecKaH pOAb HeA0OJeHHBa8OTCH B y1pasAeHHH pHCKaMH.
a
pa6oTe
BTHX
nepcoHaAa,
BHAoB
noAroToBKa
AeRTeAbHOCTH
H
6
0 bl-NHO
52 TaoHi OTrAeA MOMT HaSbIBaTbCJ no-pasHoMy: oTAeA Ha6AJUAeHHR sa COcTOqHmeM Kpe4HTOB, OTAeA O0eHKH aKTHBOB InOBbluIIeHHOro pHCKa, OT4eA KOHTpOAR KpeAHTOBaHHR, OT4eA Ha6AwAeHHx sa KpeAHTaMH.
239
K izepemeHam
jiOrHBMICeNHe IyBCTBiITeAbHOCTN
YXpeCiAe,N8e p,wOBOxCT5ta
KaqeCTBo nOpTcjeAR OgeHHBaeTCH C Tpex TOqeK 3peHH.I:
rpeAHTOB H Bcero TOqKH 3peHHR oKpymaioqjeA cpeAbI. OgeHKa HHAHBHAYaAbHblx yCAOBHH H yCAOBHH MeCTHOH nlOPT"CAR B KOHTeKCTe MeCTHbIX H 0611HX BKOHOMHqeCKHX
*
C
nOAHTHqecKoH o6cTaHoBKH H peryAHpoBaHHR. KpeAHTOB B KOHTeKCTe C TOqKH 3peHH5I COCTaBa nOTp3AH. OgeHKa HHAHBHAyaAbHbIX KaqeCTBa, AHKBRAHOCTH H pa3AH%IHOH CTeneHH CooTBeTCTByioIIero pacnpeAeAeHHH
*
H T.A.). KOHleHTpaU,HH (no CeKTOpaM, OTpaCARM aKOHOMHKH, THnaM BaA1OT C ToqKH 3peHH.9 oTAeAbHbIX KpeAHTOB. OieHKa OT4eAbHb1X onepaUHH,
*
BbIHeceHHe
B COOTBeTCTBHH C SapaHee Cym2AeHHH 0 B03MO2KHOCTH B03Bpa9ueHHH BblAaHHbIX CpeACTB ycTaHoBAeHHbIMH yCAoBHHMH.
KaqeCTBO nOpTe peJneHHH B npOIMlAOM. KaIeCTBo
H npHHS1T1X He qBAReTCR TOAbKO (PyHKqHeH npeAnpHHHTibX AeHCTBHH H ctaKTOpbi cpeAbl TaKme oma3blBaiOT BAHRHHe Ha AeAOBCO CPaTerH1O
H OKa3blBaIOT
nopTq
npHMOe
BO3AeHCTBHe
B COOTBeTCTBHH
Ha Tpe6oBaHHq,
C
HM. KOTOpblMH npoBoAHTca OgeHKa KaMeCTBa noPT(eAR H ynpaBAeHHe a
IepecmoTp KAaCCNIPKagMHH KaseCTBa
H
nopT"peA
KOHUenUHH
mTNBOR
pHCKOM
ynpaaAeHHH
C nepecmoTpa KAaCCHcpHKaUHH aKTHBOB nOBbIlueHHOrO pHCKa.
o6ecne4HBa1OT
OCHOBY
AAR
nOMOUbIO He3aBHCHM0rO aHaAHa
B03MOMHO:
*
OMeHHTb
npoIleAypbI
CyIgeCTBYlOU4HX
H npaKTHKY AHHeHHOrO
ynpaBAeHHH
H CTeneHb HX BbinOAHeHHR
nOBbliueHHOrO PHCKa H HOpMaTHBOB H nOAHTHKH ynpaBAeHHH aKTHBaMH
AeAOBbIMH pHCKaMH B geAOM. *
onpeAeAHTb
Ka'eCTBo
- BMeCTe
CAeAOBaTb
nOBbIlIIeHHOrO
pHCKa,
Heo6xOAHMOCTb
Co3AaHHR
HnpaKTHKH H3
KpeAHTHoH
pe3epBOB H BepORTHOCTb y6blTKoB.
COOTBeTCTBYIOJHX *
aKTHBOB
C AHHeHHbIM
PYKOBOACTBOM
H,
HCXOH
H Pe3ePBOB H BbInOAHHTb IIOAHTHKH H npaKTHKH HOHTpOAH, - KAaCCH(PHKaUHH aX(THBOB 6 Ka2tlAOM cAy'ae 6blAH npeAnpHHETbi Tpe6oBaHHA no cnHcaHHIO AAH Toro, MTo bl B AeHCTBHR.
COOTBeTCTBYlOUHe
1 noPTcPEAbHblIH AHAAM3 H KA IECTBO
BBe,4eNNHe
KaqeCTBa nOpT(peAH
onpeAeAeHHe KpeAHTOB
BbIqBAeHHR
AAR
6 Heo xoAHMOCTb CnHcaHHH,
no
AaHHOMy
nopTcpeAlo
Tpe6yeT
BepORTHOCTH
Ha6AioAeHHR
nOTCHUHaAbHbIX
H OgeHKH
COCTOHHHH
OTAeAbHbIX
y6bITKOB.
Cos4amHe
qPOHAOB
H
y6blTKOB KOTOpbie MOryT RBHTbCR CAeACTBHeM OgeHKH BepOsrTHOCTH COCTaBa H Ha OCHOBaHHH KOAHqeCTBa MoryT 6blTb yCTaHOBAeHbI
qpOpMHpy1OU4HX ero. HHAHBHAyaAbHbIX KAaCCH¢HlIHpOBaHHblX KpeAHTOB, COCTaB
OTPaCAeBb1X
(HanpHMep,
nopTq
KpeAHToB,
He6AaronpHsrrHo
BAHRTb
KOHUeHTpaUHH
xapaKTepHCTHKH Ha OTAeAbHbIe
COCTOSHHHR KpeAHTbi,
BepoRTHOCTb y6blTKOB no AaHHOMY nopTq)eAio.
240
HHAHBHAYaAbHb1X
AeAoBoH TeM
caMb1M
cpeAbl
HAH
H
npoMbImLIAeHHO-
TeHAeHUHH
yBCAHqHBaR
MoryT
noTeHUHaAbH)Y1
IHPHiA O
fEHHE 1. 064op ywpamRemms
aoNaMIw HobhureHHoro pHchxa
BR,4M 6H3Heca C pa3AHqHbXMH BHAaMH 6H3Heca cBH3aHbI paSAHiHbIe cTeneHH pHcKa. HopMaTHBbl KpeAHToB H y6boTKOB, ycTaHOBACHHbie PYKOBOAHTeAHMH KOHKpeTHbix ripeAnpHRTHH, oTpa2KalOT pa3AHqHble XapaKTePHCTHKH pHCKa Ka2KAoro 6H3Heca. Pa6OTHHKH, npOBOA$i1JHe Ha6AioAeHHe 3a COCTO0RHHeM nOpTcpC AoA2KHbI yMeTb HaXOAHTb H nOHHMaTb aTH pHCKH. AHaAs 063op KpeAHTOB He o6o3HataeT nepecCoTp peweHHH 0 ripeAocTaBAeHHH KpeAHTa. CKopee, 8aTo npoyecc, cBR3aHHbIH C oyeHKOH COCTORHHH BbiAaHHbIX 3a onpeAeAeHHbIH, oTpamaeMbJii B o6sope nepHoA BpeMeHH KpeAHToB. Heo6xoAHMo o6paTHTb oco6oe BHHMaHHe Ha BbliBAeHHe cAa6blx MeCT, TCHAeHgHH, pHCKOB H T.A., H onpeAeAeHHe aAeKBaTHOCTH npeAnPHHfTbIX Mep 3a1AHTbI, HanpHMep, HaAHqHe 3aAora, cneJHaAbHOrO YCAOBHR B COrAameHHH, cyUgeCTBOBaHHe aAbTepHaTHBHbIX HCTOqHHKOB noralueHHH KpeAHTa. IOCKOAbKy HHAHBHAYaAbHbie 3ar1HCKH, (PHHaHCOBbie OT'ieTbl H Kpe4HTHbIH aHaAH3 He o6ecneqHBalOT yAoBAeTBOPHTeAbHOrO HAH AOCTaTOqHOrO MaTepHaAa Ami 3aKAioqeHHH 0 Ka'eCTBe KpeAHTa HAH BO3MO2KHOCTH c6opa npeAocTa3AeHHbIX cpeACTB, STH HeAOCTaTKH AOA2KHbl KOMneHCHPOBaTbCR nyTeM BbiRCHeHHH COOTBeTCTBYlOU4HX pa3AeAOB B 6eceAe c pa6OTHHKaMH 6aHKa, HBAHIOgHMHCH OTBeTCTBeHHblMH sa CBR3b C KAHeHTaMH HAH CTapIIIHMH PYKOBOAHTeAqMH AHHeHHbIX CAym 6 . B 6oAee mHpOKOM KOHTeKCTe TaKHe 6eceAbi oqeHb cyujeCTBeHHbI AAH ogeHKH KaqeCTBa pa6oTbl cOTpyAHHKa, OTBeqa1ouIero sa CBRsb c KAHCHTaMH H AAH1 OCO3HaHHR AeHCTBHH, KOTOpbhe Heo6xoAHMo npeAUPHHHMaTb no ynpaBAeHHIO pHCKaMH, nOCKOAbKy OHH HMelOT OTHOieHHe K aCneKTaM opraHH3aUHH pa6oTbI H CTpyKTypbi 6aHKa H Ka'eCTBa nepCoHaAa. |HpH npoBeAeHHHH TaKHX o63opOB no KpeAHTaM PYKOBO4)lgHe rlpHHHnblI: *
*
MoryT oKa3aTbCR nOAe-3HbIMH cAeAylojHe
Kpe4gHmbfe cpe.gcrBa N tpmawCOBbie cpe4cTBa wOMnaNmH. B pasyMHbmX AH npeAeAax rIpeAOCTaBASIIOTCH KPCAHTHbie cpeACTBa, y'HTbIBalOTCR AH ApyrHe HanpaBAeHHR AeHTeAbHOCTH KoMnaHHH, ee CBR3H c ApyrHMH 6aHKaMH HAH C ApyrHMH oTAeAaMH Toro me 6aHKa, AocTaToqHo AH yqHTbXBaeTCR yeAb HcnOAb3OBaHHm STHX cpeAcTB, xapaKTep 6H3Heca, KOTOpbIM 5 3i1aHHMaeTcH KOMnaHHH? BARIOTCA AH npeAOCTaBAReMbie KpeAHTHbJe CpeACTBa npqMo HAH KocBeHHO (qepe3 XOAAHHrOBb1e KoMnaHHH) nOA'HHeHHbIMH ApyrHM? fIBAAIOTCR AH STH cpeACTBa "HCTbIMH HAH 3aBHCHT OT KOMnAeKCHoH 6e3onacHocTH HAH AOKyMeHTaMHHd AocTaTo4HO AH qeTKH H COOTBeTCTBYIOT AH CTaHAapTaM MeAb H cTpyKTypa onepaUHH no npeAOCTaBAeHHIO KpeAHTa?
HCTO YHHKH HCTO4HHKH
foralLeHHH 3aeMHbIx noraiueHHM
3aeMHbIX
cpe4cTB.
CpeACTB?
OnpeAeAeHbl
CyIIeCTByIOT
AH
H
AH BTOpbJe
o6ocHoWaHbl
AM
H TpeTbH nyTH IBARIOTCq AH OHH B3aHMo3aBHCHMbIMH? IloATBepmAaeTCR AH yBwpeHHOCTb B HaAe2KHOCTH HCTOqHHKOB CpeACTB AAR nOrauieHHH KpeAHTa CBeAeHHRMH o npo1AoM onbiTe pa6OTbl C HHMH? OnpaBAbIBaAHcb AH nporHo3bl HX ABHmeHHR HaAH%IHOCTH no c'ieTaM B npOWAOM? IpOBOAHACq AH, rAe STO Heo6XOAHMO, aHaAH3 IYBCTBHTeAbHOCTH (A qTO 6yAeT, eCAH ...?)? KaKaH CTelneHb yBepeHHOCTH ocHoBaHa Ha peKoMeHAaTeAbHbIX nHCbMaX HAH rapaHTHRX TpeTbHX AHU, H HacKOAbKO OHH peaAbHbl? BbIxoAa HS3 flOAomeHHR?
241
YArpeuAeHwe pyKOBOCTrBa
AH
KAeHTa. OTpameHbl Ye K3ka
*
Ha oAo6peHHe
noBAHRAO
B
peryAHPoBaHHH
OTKpb1Ta
KaK
AaHHaH OTpaCAb HHAYCTpHH,
BaM
CyUgeCTByIOT AH
CyujecTByeT
OTpaCAH?
aTOU
(pHHaHCoBOii
ero
HacKoAbKo
ero xapaKTepHCTHKH?
KpeAHTa?
irepememax
nOHHMaHHe
KAHeHTa
HacKoAbKo 3HaKOMa
CpHHaHCOBaR HHqpOpMaUHH? BTO
"nanKe
B
CBoeH OTpaCAH,
nOA02KeHHe B
AHHaMHKH,
r
yf1rJ'DrCTeSbHocCN f O JoirbIrJremme
XaparTePHCTHKI
oco6ble
AH
UHKAH%1HOCTb,
BKOHOMH'eKaR
noATBep2mAaio1gaH KOHTaKTbl KOTOPYlO CAeAyeT y'eCTb? CyuJecTByeT AH AoKyMeHTa,HHS HX rAy6HHa, xapaKTep, H T.A.)? C PYKOBOACTBOM KoMnaHHH (maCTOTa BcTpe', KoMnaHHH?
IlpoBeAeH AH aHaAH pa6oTbl pyKoBOAHTeAeH
(HHaHCOBOro
C'ieTOB YBHAeTb npHeMAeMOCTb YPOBHU H HaAe2KHOCTb OxHaTa
BeAeHHIO
no
AH
MO0KHO
nOAO2eHHR
3aeMU4HKa H pa6oTbl pyroBOACTBa? *
B MeAOM. qyBCTBHTeAbHbl ,KoHoMH'ecKaH uOATrmKa H pHcK, CyIffeCrByIOJgHH B crpaYe CTpaHbl, 3aBHCHT AH AH 3aHBKH Ha nOAyIeHHe KpeAHTa K BKOHOMH'ecKoMy COCTOHHH1O 9
OHH
6aAaHca?
nAaTemHoro
Beu1eH
KaK
BblHBAeHbl
AH
HanpHMep,
TaKHX,
OT
roCyAapCTBeHHa1 nOABeprAHCb
H
B
OTHpOUeHHH
OUeHKe
HaAemHOCTH
nOAHTHKa AH
BKOHOMHKH B OTAeAbHb1X OTAeAbHOrO 3aeMUJHKa pHCKH, KOTOpbIe cBH3aHbl C COTOHHHeM KaK OTCAem2HBaAHCb H o0|eHHBaAHCb aTH PHCKH B geAoM? perFoHax CTpaHbl
*
KaKHe miarH npeAnpHHHMaeT pyKOBOAHTeAeM CAy2K6bi 6aHKa no CBH3HM C KAHeHTOM? no aKTHBaM, nOAy'HBU.HM TaKyio PYKOBOAHTeAb 6yxraATepHH AAA ynpaBAeHHH PHCKaMH a B ApyrHx AoKyMeHTax? KAaCCH(PHKaUH1o, OTpam2eHHbIM He B 6aAaHCax KoMnaHHH, COCTaBAeHHe Ha 3aHMa o6AacTb noBAHRAa KaK 4oKyMeHraHgH. IpeaNHrHaa C
AoKyMeHTaUHH
*
oAo6peHHA Ha BblAamy H HaAe2KHoCTb? O7xAewHBaHzre KpeaHTa. Bce AH H
corAaUIeHRn
CpOKH
yCAOBHH,
KpeAHTHb1e
CpeACTB
KpeAHTHbIX
noraumeHHH
npaBOBbIX
3aiMa,
CTpyKTYPbI
onpeAeAeHHH
3peHHS
TOMKH
YCAOBHH
CriegHaAbHbie
co6AxoAaioTcH
HOpM,
B
H
CPOK
AH npo0eHTHbie
npaBHAbHO? PeryAHpHo AH OHU OTCAemHBaiOTCH? KanHTaAH3HpOy1OTCSI pa3peCIleHHH lpaBwAbHO AH Oq)OpMAHIOTCH H BcerAa AH BbiAaiOTCMH BblnAaTbl? ripeBblUieHHe Co
CpeACTB
KpeAHTHOH
AHHHH H
qeM
pa3peuieHo
yCAOBHSMH)?
ctleTa,
H3bIMaeMbIX
npeBblUueHHH
CyMM
OBepApaqry
no
cpeACTB no
MmelOT
AH
CBoeBpeMeHHO
(OBepApaqpTOB)?
6oAblllX
(H3bTrrHio MeCTO
Ha
nOBTOpeHHH nocTynaioT
AH
AH COBpeMeHHOMy COCTOSIHHJO (pHHaHCOBbie H aHaAHTH,eCKHe AaHHbie? COOTBeTCTByIOT KoppeKTHBHbie AaHHbie no OTPaCAH B jeAoM? rHpHHMalOTCR AH COOTBeTCTByIojHe
KpeAHTa? Mepbl, eCAH 3aMeCeHbl HeAOCTaTKH B XOAe (pyHK HOHHpOBaHHx
CnzNcoir oco6oro uoHmaMNJfR COCTO.IHHHH KpeAHTOB B TaKoi CnUCOK HBAHeTcH o6RH3aTeAbHoA qaCTbIO CHcHTeMbI o63opa onpeAeAeHHOM
6aHKe, OH AOAmHe 6blTb npoAyKToM
OnOBeCgeHHH
H
pa6oTbi no coBAaHHIO cHcTeMbI paHHero Io
nOpT42AR.
camoperyAHpoBaHHH
BKAIO'qeHHbie B TaKOK CnHCOK, HBAHIOTCHI
TeKyUgHMH,
onpeAeAeHHIO,
BCe
OpraHHBalHH,
T.e. TaKHMH OT KOTOpblX CBOeBpeMeHHO
nOCTynalor CpeACTBa B norarueHHe KpeAHrroB. 06bIqHO ocHoBaHHeM AAH COCTaBAeHHsI COCTORHHH BSMeHeHHU Ha6AIoAeHHH
3aeMliHKa, He
HCHo. sa
npeAnoAaraeMOM CyIjeCTBy1OT
o6beKTaMH,
H
TaKoro cnHcKa HBAHeTcA H3MeHeHHe B qHHaHCOBOM HAM
UMeiOu4eM
ApyrHe
BKAIo'l-iOugHX
242
MecTo,
npH'HHbI TaKHe
npuH
TOM
CyUgeCTBOBaHHR o6cToirreAbcTBa
3Ha'eHHe
BTHX
TaKHx
cnHcKOB
KaK
HaAH'He
FIPHAOPIEHHE1. 063op ympaRAeHmf cneUHaAH3sHpoBaHHoii HeTHrIHqHbJM
AAM
CTPyKTypbl 3aHMa H 3aHMOB,
npogecc
COCTaBAH10lgHX
aicTBHaMI
ORMAWeHomor
MOHHTOpHHra KpeAHToB,
nOpTcIeAb
KpeAHTOB,
KOTOpblii
ynpaBAMeMblii
pEcKa s1AMeTcH AaHHbIM
noApa3AeAeHHeM. llpHMepbi MaTepHaAbHbzx H3MeHeHHH B npeAocTaBAeHHoM KpeAHTe BKAioqa3o,
HMe1OlgHe MeCTO HAH npeAnoAaraeMble H3MeHeHHH1 B: a) cTpyKType HAH xapaKTepe oTpacAH B 6) CTpyKType HAH (qH3HHeCKOii CMeHe ynpaBAeHHR; B) BAH9HHH Me2fAyHapOAHbIX HAH BHyTpeHHHX nOAHTH4eCKHX TeHAeHUHHi HAH YCAOBHii; r) xapaKTepe OTHOiueHHii KpeAHTOpa H 3aeMu4HKa; A) (paKTHqecKHx nOKa3aTeAHx pa6oTbl 6
MeAOM;
nporHo3oB;
3aeMJAHKa, oTAHqaIOJMHXCH OT 1oA42eTa HAH xapaKTepe corAauleHHii HAH OTHOlueHHiH no COBMeCTHbIM npeAnpH41THRM.
e)
KAaeccN0Kcgpm Kpe4HTOB PeryAiHpoBaHHe KAaCcH(PHKaMHfi, *
*
*
qpeAepaAbHoro
6
aHKa
CXOAHbIX MemAy co6o0
BbIAeAHTb
B
CLLIA
H HMenlOIgHX
npeAnoAaraeT
cyUJeCTBOBaHHe
nRTH
geAbIo:
6
npo AeMHble
KpeAHTbl H npHBAeMb K HHM BHHMaHHe AAM npOBeAeHHR CBOeBpeMeHHbIX MeponpHRTHHi Ha Bcex COOTBeTCTBYIOIJHX YPOBHSX. OipeAeAHTb Hpo 6 AeMHbie KpeAHTbI no KaTeropHRM B COOTBeTCTBHH C cepbe3HocTb,o peaAbHblx HAH flOTeHUHaAbHbIx pHCKOB 6 y blTKoB. 6
HcnoAb3oBaTb
o Ijy1o
MeTo4oAorHIo
H
TepMHHoAorHo
6
AAR
oonpeAeAeHHR
npo AeMHbIx KpeAHToB H ynpaBAeHHH HMH. *
6
IoABeprHyTb 6
OAee
npo AeMHble
BbICOKOM
ypoBHe
COOTBeTCTBYIOJgHX
*
6
peryAHpHoMy
aHKoBcKoro
Heo xOAHMOCTH
ynpaBAeHHR
aHaAH3y
Ha
6
AAR
o ecneqeHHR
6
aHKa Ha CAyqaA noTepb,
cBR3aHHbIX C
KpeAHTOB.
KAaccH#pHKiagqoHHbIe 6
AonOAHHTeAbHOMy
KOppeKTHBHbIX MepOnpHHTHrH.
O6ecne4liTb aAeKBaTHoCTb 06 1JHX pe3epBoB npeAOCTaBAeHHeM
IPH
KpeAHTbl
ollpegeAeNHH, H rpe6onaHaw
KAaCCH(pHKagHH
KpeAHTa
0OA2KeH
6blTb
npHMeHeH
CAeAy1ou.Hx ypOBHeii KAaCCH?FHKaUHH:
OAHH
H3
HAH
ero
IA (Apyrne aKTHBbl, BacAyMHBaioWHe oco6oro ynoMHHaHnH) OIpe,4eAeHHe; KpeAHTbI,
KpeARTHOii HaAe2KHOCTH, TaK2e
KpeAHTbl,
AoKyMeHTaMHH.
He
6
o Hapy2KHBaioIuHe
TaK2Km
HMe1ongHe
ECAH OAHO
cAa6ocTb
qHHaHCOBoro
3aeMn4HKa
KpeAHTbl, HMeJOiIHe HepeaAHCTH1HyIO nporpaMMy norallmeHHH, HaAe2KHoro
3aAora,
H3 3THX yCAOBHii
HH(pOpMaUHH
npOHBHAOCb
0
KpeAHTe
HAH
KpeAHTHOHi
H CoxpaHaeTCR
AOCTaToqHo AOAroe yXyAiulaiouyio KAaCCHFHKaUH1o 4aHHbJX KpeAHToB. Heo6xoAHMo no BO3MO21KHOCTH 6 OAee paHHee KOHgeHTPHPOBaHHe BHHMaHHR Ha HHX, BKAIOlqaR Cepbe3HbIe neperoBopbl c 3aeMUJHKaMH Ami HcnpaBAeHH3i nOAo2eHHH. BpemR, Heo6xoAHMo
Tpe6oBaNjiR:
npOBeCTH
IOCAe KAaCCHPHKaUHH
aTH KpeAHTbi nepeAaioTCR Ha 6oAee BbICOKHiH YPOBeHb CTpaTerHH AeHCTBHii B OTHOllleHHH C AaHHbiM SaeMIJHKoM, BKAioqaR Heo6xoAHMOCTb nepeKAacCc HKagHH Heo6xOAHMO npeAycMoTpeTb no KpaHiHeHi Mepe emeKBapTaAbHobIfi OT4eT no COCTOHHHIO AaHHblx KpeAHTOB H ynpaBAeHHro HMH, npeAcTaBAReMb!H B nHCbMeHHOii cpOpMe OAHHM H3 CTapln3Hx PYKOBOAHTeAeii KpeCHTHoro OTAcAa. AAm
oAo6peHHR
H
pa3pa 6 oTKH
6
y4yu4eH
243
pyIcoa,gwcrma N moBmrermNe qBCTrBmwA.bmoCTfw
Yxpeiwesoe
ihHepememam
11 (HeKoHAnUHOHHbie)
noraineHHe OCHOBHOB CYMMbl AOAra H OrIpeAeAeHHe: KpeATrbi, no KOTOpbIM HOpMaAbHOe npogeHT
ccyAHblfi cepbe3HbIX
moryT
yme
HiAH
6bITb
He6AaronpHsTHbIX TeHAeHUUH
nocTaBAeHbi
noA
pa3BHTHa co6bITHA
pa38HTHR
BCAeACTBHe
yrpo3y,
(iHHaHcoBoro,
ynpaBAeHqecKoro,
no HAH B pe3yAbTaTe cepbe3HbIX HeAOCTaTKOB BKoHoMH'ecKoro HAH noAHTHqecKoro xapaKTepa B aTOM cAy'ae nOTepH eCge MaAopeaAbHbl, Ho yme CaMoMy KpeAH'Ty HAH no 3aAory. Tpe6yioTcq OnepaTHBHbie pa6oTbl c 3aeMu4HKOM. CyulCCTByCT HeO6xOAHMOCTb cepbe3HoA 6aHKa KaK KpeAHTOpa, Ami yMeHblueHHH pHCKa KOppeKTHBHbie Ae4CTBHS AAJR YCHAeHHR noH3uHH Mep Co npoBeAeHUH aAerBaTHblX KoppeKTHBHbIX CO CTOpOHbI 6aHxa H AAR o6ecneqeHHA CTOPOHbl 3aeMujHKa.
Tpe6owiHIf: AAR no
KOHCYAbTaUHH
AaAbHefiuiero
AIo6oro
Heo6XO4HMbL
CpeACTB
KpeAHTHbIX
nOAroTOBKa
Tpe6yeTcq
6aHKa.
nOAHTHRe
KpeAHTHOH
yBeAHmeHHH
e2KeMecwiHbJx
AOA2Hbl H 0 iuarax no ynpaBAeHH[O HMH, KOTOpbIe nHCbMeHHbIX OTMeTOB 0 COTORHHH KpeAHTOB oTAeAa KpeAHToB. 6blTb noArOTOBAeHbi OAHHM H3 pyKoBoAHTeAei
III (COMHHTeAbHbie) HMeloujeciiS1
HHqpOpMaUHH,
nOAHoro
BO3MOmHOCTb
Onpe4eAeHIe: KpeAHTbi,
COMHHTeAbHOfi,
npeACTaBAAeTCR
KOTOpb1e
H
Ha
KOTOpbIX,
norawieHIH
no
OCHOBaHHH
aTofi
npHqHHe
H BO nOTepb, cTeneHb KOTOpbIX - no o6beMy cpeACTB npeAnoAaraloT BO3MO2mHOCTb HeKOTOpbix cepbe3Hbie AefiCTBHH C ,eAb1o H36em2aTb BpeMeHH - eige nOAHOCTbIO He S1CHa. Heo6xoAHMbl HAH MHHHMH3HOEBaTb y6blTKH.
Tpe6omw,,m:
Te me, qTO H B cAyqae c
KpeArTaMH 11 Xuacca, sa HCKAioIineHHCM TOrO, 'qTO
B KOTOpbie AOAMHbI AOA2KHbl OCeHHBaTbCH B AeHe2KHblX CpeAcTBax, CyMMbi no CCyAHoMy npoUeHTy. CyMMa 6blTb BKAio'eHbl BCe HaqHCAeHHbie, HO HenoAy'leHHbie %ITO pe3epB HAH cnUcaHa, B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT TOrO, OCHOBHoro AoAra AOAmHa 6blTb OTHeceHa B CyMMbi 3aAOAmeHHOCTH
npeACTaBA.SeTcR 6oAee BepOaTHbIM.
IV (HoTepH) OrIpe4eAeHme: KPeAHTbI,
KOTOpbie paCCMaTPHBaiOTCS
KaK HeBo3BpaigaeMbie.
KaK HeBO-3BpagiaeMblA KpeAHT, AOA2KHa Tpe6&Bamlwq: Aio6ai cyMMa, KAaCCH(pHUHpOBaHHaR 6blTb
HeMeAAeHHO
AOA2lHbi
a
6blTb aHHyAHpOBaHbl.
COBepHeHHO CpeACTBa.
cnHcaHa,
He cyIjeCTBYeT
rIpeAnoAaraeTcS,
npeABaPHTeAbHO 3
a-iHcAeHue
HHKaKOfi 4TO
HO
HeynAa'ieHHbIe
B KAaCc
IV
BoBCe He o3Ha'aeT, 'TO
KpeAHTa
HaAeC2Abl
npoMeHTbi
HaqHCAeHHbie
nOAy'IHTb
COOTBeTCTBYlOUlHe
B
KOHexiHOM
nOApa3eAeHHHR
HTore
AOA2KHbi
KpeAUTHbie npOAOA2aTb
TeX nop, noxa He CTaHeT a6coAmoTHo oqeBHAHbIM, SqXCeKTHBHbie nOnbITKH Bo3BpaTa CpeACTB A0 HAH HSbSTHe KCpeAHTOBaHHb1X CpeACTB. YiTO HCKAIO'eHbl BCRKHe HaAemAbI Ha norameHme mepe noAyroAoBbIX nHCbMeHHbIX OT'eTOB 0 Heo6XoAUMO BBeCTH npaKTHKy no KpafiHeH AaAbHeHiUIHe nonbiTXK 6yAeT pewleHo, 'TO COCTOIHHH aTHX CnHCaHHbIX CpeACTB. KorAa AoKyMeHT o nperpageHHH B3bicKaHSR cnHcaHHb1x 6eccMblIcAeHHbl, AOA2KeH 6bITb nOArOTOBAeH CpeACTB (FIB).
244
JiPHAOAEHHE 1. O6sop ympauAeHwz
aKTNEaMN HOHbrmieHHOOpmcra
KAaccpmiarJW,OHH,e xapaKTepI,CTEH' CAeAyIOujHe XapaKTepHCTHKH, XOTH OHH H He RHBAIOTCH HCqepnbIBa1OUjHMH, npeAOCTaBARIOT OCHOBy AAR KAaCCH(pHxaUHH KpeAHToB, C KOTOpOH HaqHHaeTCH OTHeCeHHe KpAHTOB, no KpaiHeii Mepe,
KAaccy
K
Me2KAy
IA.
rpaBHAbHa1
cHMnToMaMH
npeAAomeHHH,
(HanpHMep,
ycTapeBaHHe
HCnpaBHTb
3aeMflHKa
KAaccH(PHKaUHR ripeAnoAaraeT: pa3MbIBaHHe
npOAyKUHH,
Map2KH)
B03pacTaHHe
co03AaBueec.1nOAO2KeHHe
paccmoTpeHHe aAbTepHaTHBHbIX BapHaHTOB Ami
H
HX
(a)
npH-IHH
6)
CTOHMOCTH);
B
yCTaHOBAeHHe pa3AHq'HH
pa3yMHbiH
(HanpHMep, oUeHKa
nepHOA
6aHKa AAR YAY3IlleHHS
H36blTOK
B03MOmKHOCTH
BpeMeHH;
H
B)
cBoero IOAO2KeHHR KaK
KpeAHTopa.
IA (4oaasaTeAbcTBa *
He6AaFoIoAyHKRยง)
OKpy2maloiMas cpeAa H onepagaHH -
qeTKoe
CBHAeTeAbCTBO
6
aHKa
He6AaronpHHTHblx
H3MeHeHHH,
nepe'iHCACHHbIX
B
cnHCKe
Ha6AioAeHHH 3a o6beKToM; - OTCYTCTBHe KOHTpOAf
(XaAaTHoe
BCAeHHe AeA Ha npeAnpHRTHH,
saCTbie HecC'aCTHb1e
CAyqaH, He6pe2KHoe BeAeHHe yqeTa); - npo6AeMbl C nepCOHaAOM; -
CAa6oCTb
rAy6HHbI
ynpaBACHHR
HAH
yrlyigeHIH
B
OCHOBHblX
ynpaBAeH'qeccKHX
AeHCTBHHX; - noAco6HbIe H BcnomoraTeAbHb1e CAy2K6bl, -
U3AUIIIH
npHBH3aHHOCTb
ABARIO1UjHeC.1 BbICOKO 3aTpaTHbJMH;
K OAHOMY
BHAY
npOAYlCgHH
(0,AHomy
nocTaBUjHKy,
PHCKY
TeXHH1 ecKoro
3aBHCHMOCTb OT OAHoro hAHeHTa); -
nOABep2KeHHOCTb
npOAYKUHH
BbICOKOH
KOHKcypeHgHH
HAH
yCTapeBaHHR; -
H3AHUIHRR 3aBHCHMOCTb
OT HMnlOpTa
HAH aKcnopTa,
onpeAeAeHHOrO
THna BaA1OTbl,
nOABepm2tHHOH 3HaqHTeAbHOMY pHCKy AeBaAbBaUHH; -
o6 CToRTeAbCTBa
He6AaronpHaTHbie
8KOHOMHUeCKOfi HAH nOAHTHUeCKOHi *
B
o6AacTH
AeAoBoH
cpeAbi,
peryAHpoBaHHs,
cHTyaUHH.
CD3HHaHCOBbie nOKa3aTeAH. 6
- He AaronpHsTHble TeHAeHUHH B npoAa2Kax H noAy'eHHH Bblpy'IKH;
- pa3MbIBaHHC Map2mH npH6bIAH; - ripoMe2KyTotfHbie noTepH; - KOHTpaKTbI C *
IHKcHpoBaHHOii AeHOH B YCAOBHEX BbICOKOH HHcAHH.
YXyAlueHHe 6aAaHCoBoro oTqeTa. -
AeBepeA2Ka
no
OTHOILIeHHIO
K InpOIIIAbIM
nepHoAaM,
no
cpaBHeHH1O
C
nAaHOM,
HOpMaTHBaMH no oTpacAH, H T.A.; -
Hs6bITOK
UeHHOCTeii
(npo6AeMbl
B
Ha
o6AaCTH
cKAaAe
H
6
OAblllOH
PYKOBOACTBa H B o6AaCTH KOHTpOAH); - 3aAepuKKH c noraiuJeHHeM ToproBoro KpeAHTa.
*
B
o6beM
aBToMaTH3HpOBaHHbIX
OTHOiueHHH onepaynii.
245
Ae6HTOpCKoii
HHq)OpMagHOHHb1X
3aAoA2KeHHOCTH cHCTeM
AAA
YJicpeAiHCHH
-
N HOBrIErCHNHC q"CTDNHTAbNOCTN K "iepe
pyKWODO4CTBa
noAsHuja1oujHx
HTOrOBbIX onepaUHH
OTCYTCTBHe
H3bflTHR
nPOAOA2HTeAbHbie
H
nOCT0SIHHbie
OTpesKa,
BpeMeHHOrO
pesyAbTaTbi
CyMM,
naM
npeBbllaIOgJHX
AOnYCTHMbie
HOpMbI; -
HapyMeHHe
no
YCAOBHH
onepagHHm (BHeceHHe nonpaBoK, yKAOHeHHe OT
CPO-HbIM
HCnOAHeHHB H T.A.); AOAroCPOsHbIX
- (PHHaHCHpOBaHHe
ApyrHe
CpeACTB, nOAy'IaeMbIX B qpopMe CCyAHoro npogeHTa Ha
OTAH9ailoUHeCR OT
*
HHCTPYMeHTaMH;
rpaPHK norauiIeHHA CCyAbl;
- HepeaAHCTHqeCKHi - OTBAemeHHe
HymA KpaTKOCPOsHbIMH
sapaHee
HymAbl,
onpeAeAeHHbIX.
Ilpoqee. - OTCyTCTBHe KOHTaKTa
c KAHeHTaMH, HenocegeHHe npeAnpHHTHri; H 3a q)HHaHCaMH H cAa6ocTb BHyTpeHHeH CHCTeMbi
- cAa6biH KOHTpOAb 3a OnepaijHRMH
ynpaBAeHqecKoH HHPOpMaUHH H KOHTpOAA; HAH ycTapeBenHe (HHaHCOBbie AaHHbie;
- HeaAeKBaTHbie
- KBaAHPHUHpOBaHHoe ayAHTOpcKoe 3aKAio'eHHe; - cyAe6Hbie pa36HpaTeAbCTBa. 11 (HeKOHAHUHOHHbIe)
*
To
me,
'ITO
B
H
cAy'ae,
npeAbiAyUgeM
Cepbe3HOH, 9eM B CAy-Iae C KpeAHTaMH KAacca *
cHTyaUHE
TOAbKO
npeACTaBAeTc
6oAee
IA.
nIposec. -
saMOpamHBaHHe
IOpHAHxieCKHX OCAOmHeHHHi pa6oTbl
- npeKpaugeHHe
BCAeACTBHe
AHHHH
KpeAHTHbIX
AaBAeHHS
nOAHTHseCKOro
HAH
H T.n.;
6aHKa no KpeAHTOBaHHIO
H3-3a HeAOCTaTKa
aAbTepHaTHBHbNX
HCTOsHHKOB (pHHaHCHpOBaHHI; KOOP4HHaaHS
- HeBcIeKTHBHa5i
KpeAHTOpOB;
- 3aAor aKTHBOB; - H3MeHeHHe CTpyKTypbl AoAra; - 6aHKpoTcTBo,
3aKpblTHe HAH BbIHymAeHHaA AHKBHAagHH.
III (COMHHTeAbHble) FepcneKTHBa
KpeAHTHbIX
nOTepH
CpeACTB
BbI3bIBaeT
Heo6XOAHMOCTb
xAacCHpHUHpOBaTb
3aeM KaK KpeAHT III rpynnbl. XapaKTepHCTHKH 6oAee He6AaronpHsrHble 9eM xapaKTepHCTHxH
II
rpynnbi, K TOMY me cpeAH HHX MoryT 6bITb H CAeAyoloUHe o6cToRTeAbcTBa: cHTyaUHH KaK HemH3Hecnoco6HoA.
*
OT3blB ayAHTopa H KBaAH(PHKxaHR
*
HeonpeAeAeHHaH 3aAoroBaH rapaHTHH.
*
OTpH4aTeAbHaJ1
sHCTaS
TeKyljaH
CTOHMOCTb
H OTpHiaTeAbHaR
6
BeAHsHHa o opOTHblX
CpeACTB. *
*
3
aMopomeHHbie TOpFOBbIe KpeAHTbI.
3aBHCHMOCTb
BO3MOmHOCTH
Bo3BpaTa
nOAHOrO
KpeAHTa
OT
HeBepOSITHb1X
o6CTOnTeAbCTB. * *
Heaq8XeKTHBHOCTb
KoppeKTHBHbIX Mep, npeAnpHHRTbIX 3aeMUJHKOM HAH KpeAHTOPOM.
IOCTORHHaR nOBTOPIOWaRHCJ9 HecnoCo6HOCTb BblnOAHeHI o6sI3aTeAbCTB.
IV (Y6blTmIH)
246
UPIAONEHHE . O6sop yiiparAeN.ff aETEBaMm
iIoMIr1IemHoropwcxa
CyMMbI y6bITKOB Onpe4eACAIOTCM: *
KOAH'ieCTBeHHbIM BblpameeHHM HeAOCTaTO-iHOCTH 3aAoroBoro o6ecneqeHHH;
*
O6Wei
npeTeHsHHH
CyMMoH
H
cyAe6HbIx
KoTopbie
cnopOB,
orpaHH'HBalOT
CyMMy
pYKOBOACTBo
6aHKa.
npH6bIAH K nOAyqeHHio.
HaYaAo KiaCCmmwKag!KHI 3
HOArOTOBKa
OCHOBHyIO
KPCAHTOB
KAaccH¢HKxaHIO
a
KAacCH¢HKaUHeH KpeAHTOB
HAH Bbl3BaTb
nIOArOTOBKH. BaMHO, 'To6bI
B BTO BpeMH
C pyKOBOACTBOM o6 onpeAeAeHHH
AOCTH4b
COrAaCHH
nOBbIII1eHHOrO
pHCKa,
KaK
OCTaCTCH
Heo6XOAHMOCTb
BCe YCHAHM AOCTHqb COrAamleHHM
AaHHaH
O!eHKa
rAaBHaHI
yqpe2KAeHHM.
AAR Ka2KAOFO
OIeHKa,
TOrAa
yAaeTCM,
He
3aKoHqwHTbci
CMeHbi KAaCCHcpHKaUHH B xoAe BTOH
6bIAH npeAnpHHMTbI
KAaccH(pHKaUHH
MOmeT
PHCKa
nOBbIlueHHoro
aKTHBOB
COCTOAHHH
o6sopa
HeceT
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb
(B
0630pe
B
ECAH TaKoro
COCTOIHHH MOKeT
TaKHX CAy'IaMX
aKTHBOB
OKa3aTbCfl
noAe3Hb1M BbIHeCTH o6cymAeHHe Ha 6oAee BbICOKHH ypOBeHb).
AHAAM3 H KAMECTBO YnPABAEHHH PHCKOM BReeieHHe YnpaBAeHHe pHCKOM npeACTaBASeT co6oH Ha6op CAeAyioHiiHH AeHcTBHH:
*
HpH o6bIqHOM ynpaBAeHHH: -
onpeAeAeHHe ,eAeBoro pbIHKa;
-
nOArOTOBKa H aHaAH3 KpeAHTa;
-
AOKYMCHTaiHM H cJaKTHmeCKOe npeAOCTaBAeHHe cpeAcTB;
-
aAMHHHCTpaUHM KpeAHTa H PHCKa;
-
BbIRBACHHe pHCKa, nOpTq)eAb H npogecc;
-
UOAHTHKa, npaKTHKa H npoleAypbl.
*
KoppeKTHBHoe ynpaBAeHHe nOpTIpeAcM H npo,ecc ynpaBAeHHH.
*
OpraHH3agHm H nOA6op nepcoHaAa. - opraHH3aUHA H pa3MeigeHHe; noA6HpaeMoro
- aAeKBaTHOCTb
AAA pa6oTbl
nepcoHaAa,
BKAIOqaH
BCnOMOraTeAbHbie
cAym6bl; - npeeMCTBeHHOCTb H COXpaHeHHe uITaTa COTpyAHHKOB; - nOArOTOBKa H o6yleHHe nepcOHaAa.
06sopbi COCTOHHHH KpeAHTOB noBbiuLieHHoro pHCKa OgeHHBaiOT H paH2HpyIOT KaAbliH BHA AeHCTBHH. PeiiTHHr OnpeAeAMeTC.R KaK o6o6igeHHoe cpeAHeB3BCeIeHHoe AAR onpeAeAeHHH o6nlero peuTHira npoUecca, ocyWecTBA3iemoro AaHHbIM noApasAeAeHHeM. Pa3AKqHble
AaHHbIe,
npH
HaKanAHBaembie
nOArOTOBKe
o63opa,
6
AOAMHbi
bITb
HHTerpHpoBaRbI B c6aAaHCHpOBaHHyIO H o6beKTHBHyIO ogeHKy npogecca ynpaBAeHHH pHCKOM B AaHHOM BAHRHHe
onbiTa
noApa3AeAeHHH. HOpMaTHBbl, AHUa,
CAeAoBaTeAbHO,
Ha
STY
npHHMTbie
npoBoAugero qTo6bi
B
yqpe2KAeHHH,
AaHHOM
TaKoH
Cy2KAeHHH
CpeAH iinpOHX
OgeeHKy,
o63op
COCTORHHH
aHaAHTHKa
247
caKTOpOB, H
HeH36e2KHo
orpaHHqeHHOCTb
aKTHBOB.
noATBep2KAaAOCb
O0eHb 6bl
oKa2KyT
co6cTBeHHoro
cyi1eCTBeHHO,
aXKTaMH
Ha
BeeM
YxpelmeaHe pmWooxCTBa H HOBbIIIeHHe hf'
npOT,R2KCHHH
pa6oTbi
AOKyMeHTHPOBaHHOrO
6oAbiue AeAOBOH
no
COCTaBAeHHIO
o63opa
COCTORHHHH
PHCK norIpa3AeAeHHH
TyNCTBTeAbHOCTN K HepemeHam
UlHpOKOrO,
aKTHBOB
BCeoXBaTbIBalOu4erO
nOBbimIIeHHOrO
HAH opraHH3aMHH,
TeM
H
XOPOIIO
meM
KaK npaBHAO,
pHCKa.
6oAee PaAHKaAbHbIM
AOA2KeH
6blTb npoMecc ogeHKH.
HopMaAbHoe yHpa&ieHHe FIOCTORHHOe
qpOpMHpOBaHHe,
ynpaBAeHHe
H,
B
KOHe4HOM,
HTore AHKBHAaUHH
aKTHBOB
nOBbliueHHOrO pHCKa H ynpaBAeHHe AeAOBbIMH pHCKaMH B COOTBeTCTBHH C 3aAaxiaMH H nAaHaMH opraHH3agHH npeACTaBAReT co6oH HOpMaAbHOe ynpaBAeHHe". UJeAeDo,i pbImOic 3
aAo2KeHHaA B nOHRTHe
H36HpaTeAbHOCTb.
geAeBOH
OnpeAeAeHHe
AeAOBoro
BblHBACHHe 2KeAaeMbIX
BO3MO2KHOCTeH
npeACTaBAHIOT
KpHTHqeCKHe
AOAMHOH
co6oii
KOHUHengiH
pbIHOK
nOTeHUHaAbHOFO
H HpHBep2KCHHOCTb acneKTbI
KOH;geHTpaUHH YCHAHH H HHTepecOB
KOHMeHTpa]Hio
AaHHOrO
KOAHqeCTBa pecypcOB B BHAe nepcOHaAa. BAHHeT KaK Ha npogecc q)OpMHpOBsaHH
pa3BHTHR
pa3BHTHe
geAeBoro
COrAaCOBb!BaTbCR
6HsHecoM, c AorHKa pa8BHTHR
H
pbIHKa
C
PbIHKa
HaKOnAeHHe
AOA2KHbI
CyuIeCTBYIOUHMH
AoKyMeHTaAbHOH
He
COOTBCTCTBOBaTb
CYUgCCTBY1OIIHM
MapKeTHHra
K
pbIHKy
6es
saAaqam
KaRecTBo aHaAH3a geAeBoro pbiHKa
HBAReTCA
TeOpCTHmeCKHM
HenpepblBHblIH
aAbTepHaTHBHb]X
nAaHaMH
pa3pa6OTKH
pbIHKa AOA2KHbI
FOAXOA
npH BbIAeAcHHH HCaAeKBaTHOrO
CyIeCTBOBaTb
rIAaHaMH nOAy4eHHA KpeAHTOB U
MeAeBoro
3aAa8aM H CTpaTerHH
npogecca.
CAeAoBaTeAbHo,
npOBOAHMbIM pa3 B roAy. OHO npeAcTaBA&eT co6o0i OXBaTbIBaioJiHH
opraHH3aUHH,
TaK H Ha KaqeCTBO nOpT.eAsi.
geAeeoro
Pa3BHTHH
nOTCHUHaAa
MOMeT AaTO B P.3yAbTaTe He3anAaHHPoBaHHyio
aKTHBOB, HMelOIIHX pa3Hoe KaqeCTBO,
[lAaHHPOBaHHe
OTpamaeT AHCUHnAHHy 6H3Heca H ero
B
8BOAIOllHOHHbiH npogecc,
AeAOBbIX
nHCbMeHHOH
pa3BHTHH
ynpa2KHeHHeM,
6H3Heca
B
cTpaTerHfi.
HAaHbi
q)opme
H
MeAoM,
ynpaeBAHHH
AOA2KHbl
ripOBeAeHH.R onepagaHH. H
CTaTb
nOCAeAOBaTeAbHOCTb npeAMCTOM
BHCIHHHM
B
BbinOAHeHHH
HCCAeAOBaHHH.
orpaHHHBaloLgHM
CTpaTerHH
riAaHOB AOA2KHbl
qaKTOpaM
pa3BHTHS, C BO3MO2KHOCTHMH H BHyrpeHHHMH pecypcaMH opraHH3aUHH. Bblcmeii ripOBepKOH aToro HBAHeTCR TeCT Ha TO, KaK COCTaB rIOpTcpeAs
H npOqlHAb PHCKa OTpa2KalOT
aTH HHHUHaTHBbl
C TOqKH
3peHHH BbITCCHeHHH cTaporo 6H3Heca H 3aMeHbi ero HOBblMH BHAaMH. HopMaTHBbl AaHHOH rpynnbi npHOpHTeTOB,
*
npoUeccoB MeHRIOTCR
McCcAg4OBa7bCKAre o6sopht. BbIABAeH
BeCb
BO3MOmHbIH
YKa3aHHS1
Ha TO,
nOTeH%HaA
AEraAH.N pHCKa
N pa36op. aKTHBOB,
noHHMmalOTC TOqKH
BO
C
HoATBepKACHHC KOTOPbIMH
3peHHH cTpyKTypbI.
y'IHTbIBaTb
pHCK
TaKaH
OTHOUIeHHH
Toro,
MomHO
BceH opraHH3aUHH
H
'ITO
AaHHOrO
pHCKH H BOSMOMHOCTH nOAy'eHHA AOXOAOBd C
*
B 3aBHCHMOCTH
OT AeAOBbIX PHCKOB H
HO KaK npaBHAO BKAioqafOT CAeAyiougee:
6H3Heca.
AonyCTHMOCTb (B
BeCb
KaKHe
pbIHOK
H
CyjgeCTBYIOT
KeM? ZAA KaKHX BHAOB npOAyKIHH?
'TTO CyWeCTBYIOT
pa6oTaTb,
248
blA HCCAeAOBaH
BHAa
ITO
H HCnOAb3ylOTCH
!eAAH
6
aTH
AAA
YPOBHH
KpHTepHH
KpHTepHH
AOnyCTHMOrO nepeAaioTcs
InpOCBe4HBaHHR" pHcKa no
OnpeAeAeHHbIX
aKTHBaM
BpCMeHHbIX
pbiHKa
H C
AoA2KHa paMKaX),
IPHA O
EHHE . 06sop y7pa&oAeHHIw
aAETHDamN I1ooilIcoNoro pHcera
3aeMJiHKa,
ynpaBAeH-IeCKHe H CPHHaHCOBbie xapaKTCpHCTHKH
cOaHaAbHoe,
H BKOHOMH'lecKoe 3Ha'eHHe, COCTaB nOpTcPeAH H T.A. O0IeHb BamHO,
qTo6bi 3aHBKH Ha
nOAyqeHHe KPCAHTa 6blAH corAacOBaHbl C KpHTepHHMH "npocBeHBaHHH KpHTepHH
AOnYCTHMOCTH
pHCKa
no
ripOAYKHH
AOA2tHbl
FIOAHTHweCKOe
(wmy-eHHA).
"pMYAHpOBaTbCH
H
noAyqaTb
oAo6peHHe no mepe pa3pa6oTKH HOBbIX BHAOB npoAyKUHH.
*
Fpmoparemm. AOrH'IeCKOH Hsy'eHHR.
pa3BHTHH
HepCrIKTHBbI
npHOpHTeTHOCTH CoAepmaHHe
MeMopaHAyMbi,
B
COOTBCTCTBHH
nOA60pKH
(IHHaHCOBbie
6
AOA2tHbi
C
AOKyMeHTOB
OTMCTbI
H T.A.)
paH2HpOBaHbl
blTb
noKa.3aTeAnMH
HCnOAb.3yeMbiMH
(BKAJomIOaJOHX
AOA2Hbl
riopsAe
B
naMRTHbIe
nOATBep2AaTb
3anHCKH,
o6ocHoBaHHocTb
Bbi6opa MeAeBoro pbIHKa. FepcneKTHBbI H onepaIHH,
oTBepraeMbIe
opraHH3agHeH,
AOA2KHbl OTpam2aTb
HcnOAb3OBaHHe
KpHTepHeB OUeHKH AOnYCTHMOCTH pHCKa B OTHOiIIcHHH aKTHBOB.
*
HepcneirmBb.
(aiaHA
BO3Mo0mHOCTHX
H
nepCneKTHB
qpHHaHCOBoM
PaCfflHPHeTCH H nOAAep4KHBaCTCH *
*
3
ZaNNHHH.
FIepCnenKTHBHbIe
AOA2KeH
H
paCHCbiBalOTCH C
COTpyAHHKaM.
OTBeIaiOUgHM
nepHOAH'ICCKH
o6HoBAAeTcH H nepecMaTpHBaeTCH.
YCTpaHeHHe. 4OA2KHa OTHOIIICHHH
6bITb
opraHH3agHH,
HCKAIO'IeHHeM
noKa3biBaTb,
o6
HMelOJHXCR
nOA6HpaeTcR,
qTO
6a3a AaHHbIX no 3HaxlHMbiM nepcneKTHBaM.
oppraHmagH
3a
CBHAeTeAbCTBOBaTb
nOTeHUHaAC
no
COOTBeTCTBYIOI1HM
CBR3H C KAHeHTaMH H nAaH pa3BHTHR geAeBoro pb!HKa
pa3pa6oTaHa He
H BHeApeHa
BXOASIEHX
HeMHOrOMHCAeHHbIX
H
B
nporpamma
Kpyr
CneUHaAbHO
npopemKHBaHH
nepCneKTHBHOrO
OrOBOpeHHbIX
B
pa3BHTHR
(3a
HcKAIO'IeHHM).
OHa
AOAMHa BKAIO'aTb AaTbl peaAH3agHH nepCneKTHBbl.
*
BMro70AHHeHe.
4OA2KHO
npHAepmHBaeTCH npHeMACMOCTH
CygieCTBOBaTb
HAH BbInOAHHeT
noATBepmKAeHHe
TOrO,
rnAaH pa3BHTHR pbbHKa H 'rTO
pHCKa B OTHOIIIlHHH
aKTHBOB HBAHeTCH
'TO
HOBbiH
r?pHMeHeHHe
npaKTHKoH,
6H.3Hec
KpHTepHeB
a He BbinOAHSeTCsi
AHlIb nOTOMy, 'ITO 8TO M02KHO BbinOAHHTb.
*
CKAIOVelNHH.
HCiKAIo'eHHH
ieAeBoro
PbIHKa
AOAHKHbi
6
blTb
OnpaBAaHHbIMH
o6bemy, TaK H no KOAH'ieCTBy, AOA2KHbI nOAyaTb npaBHAbHoe BHHMaHHe, COOTBeTCTBYIOIIYIO
AOA2KHa
AOKyMeHTaUH10.
CyIgeCTBOBaTb
KaK
no
oAo6peHHe H
rH6KOCTb
AAH
y'eTa
opraHH3agHOHHbIX coo6paŽIeHHfi H HeCTaHAAaPTHb]X BO3MO2KHOcTeH pOCTa.
*
OpraHnisagHil. y'iHTbiBaTbCR
YpOBeHb
KOMnAeKTOBaHHII
HapHAy C 06y1eHHeM
UITaTaMH,
npaKTHKe pa6oTbl
OnbIT
nepcoHaAa
AOA2KHbl
C KpeAHTaMH AAR AOnOAHeHHH H
paCiIHpeHHrI nAaHa pa3BHTHR pbIHKa. *
oJHHMaHHC. Pa6OTHHKH npogecc
pa3BHTHA
y-ipemAeHHR
MeACeoro
pbIHKa,
AOA2KHbI
y'iaCTBoBaTb,
Tpe6yioJI4HH
nOHHMaTb
nepeopHeHTalHH
H OAo
HX
6
prTb
HaBbiKOB
H
HpOBepKOii 3AeCb M02KCT CAym2HTb CAeAyiOHi4HH TeCT: HMeeT AH MeCTO TaKOe
YCHAHH.
noAo2meHHe, 6H3Heca,
ITO
pa6OTHHKH
C KOTOpbIM
opraHH3agHH
BbIHy2KAeHbi
Bce
60pOTbCS
BpeMS
H KOTOpblH
CO3AalOT
TaKoe
BblHy2AeHbi
HanpaBAeHHe
'3apy6aTb"
HX
pyKOBOAHTeAH? YnpaeAionjHe
cAy2K6aMH CBR3H C KAHeHTaMH B HAeaAe AOAMHbl Taxme
OTBe'iaTb 6
o6HoBAeHHe
o 3opoB ycnexa
3a
o
nOArOTOBKY COCTORHHH
OTpaCAH,
H
OTpaCAH
TCM CaMbIM
AaHHbIX,
aKOHOMHKH,
pa3pa6aTblias
249
HcnOAb3yeMbix
OnpeAeAeHHH
KOHKpeTHbie
npH
KpHTHICCKHX KpHTepHH
nOArOTOBKce qJaKTopoB
npHeMAeMOCTH
YzDpeILAeDne
pyroBOeTcTBa
pHCKa
no
aKTHBaM,
npoMbiiuAeHHOCTH RBAAeTCM
N JIOBhIileINHe f
yWCTaHreAbHOCTN Jr iepeMeIaM
nOABepMeHHbIM
nOBbJllleHHOMY
AAH oAo6peHHs
AeMOHCTpagHeH
OpraHHsaUHIO
AAR
oTpacAeH 3
BTHX KPHTepHeB Ha 6oAee BbICOKOM ypOBHe.
rAy6HHbl
npOHHKHOBeHH
MTO CMHTaeTC9,
H TOT (PaKT,
pHCKy
MeAeBoro
HsAeH
To
pbIHKa
B
9TO geAeBoA pbIHOK 06bl'IHO Co3AaeTCR
CHH3y BBepx, nO KpaHHeH mepe TaK npHHRTO cqHTaTb. HCCAeAoBaHHH no yTO-iHeHHHM
aeAeBbIM pbIHKaM AHHaMH4Hbl no xapaKTepy, noABepraioTca nOCTOJJHHbIM
no Mepe TOrO, KaK opraHH3agsH
HHq)OpMaMHR
HAH
no
Mepe
TOrO
KaK
CTaHOBHTCR
MeH5ieTCR
6oAee 3peAoi,
xapaKTep
pHCKOB,
KaK HaKanAHBaeTCH THnbI
npOAYKIHH
oKpy2Kaiou;an cpeAa. KpHTePHH npHeMAeMOCTH PHCKa AAA aKTHBOB, pyKOBOACTBO, KOTOpOrO
H3y'aIOTcH
KpeAHTHble,
(3aeMugHKH,
npOCTbie. AHHeiiHbie
CAO2KHbie
H
6H3Hece,
paBHO
CeAeBoro
pbIHKH
KaK
pbIHKa,
H
H
onepagHH),
AOA2KHbl
3aBHCHMOCTH OT o6CTOHTeAbCTBa
PYKOBOAHTeAH
nOHHMaHHe
KpHTepHeB
CAeAKH
B
TaK H pbIHO4Hbie HHTepecbi.
OnpeAeAHIOT
peaAH33agHio
npHeMAeMOCTH
pHCKa no
B paMKax
OTpamaTb
KaK
OHH AeAHTCJ
Ha
CBOH co6CTBeHHbie
nOAOm?eHHH
pyKOBOACTBa
aKTHBaM
H
H
3aAa4H
B
KpHTepHH
B
OTHOIJIeHHH
AOrIyCTHMOCTH
pHCKa no HOBbIM BHAaM npoAyK,HH.
fogromoRa mpexNra N aHaAHs 3TOT
pa3AeA
OXBaTbiBaeT
O,eHKy,
aHaAH3
H
OAo6peHHe
(yraepmAeHHe)
OTAeAbHb1X
6
onepaHgHH, BKAio-iaH H ApyrHe q)OpMbl BAeMeHTOB pHCKa, npHHOCM11HX npH blAb. HO4ArOTOBKa K BbiAa'1e KpeAHTa nepecTpoHKa,
BKAIO'jaeT
pa3BHTHe
o6ecne'iHaaJogjHe
K
pemueHHH
HanlpaBAeHHH
0 H
B03paCTaHHH e2KerOAHbie
Bo3o6HoBAeHHe KpeAHTHbIX AHHHH,
OTHOCHTCH c6op nOAHOH BeAyigero
n1pHHHTHe
HOBblX
HHq)OpMaUHH,
BbinOAHeHHIO
OgeHKa
(pacMHpeHHe,
nepHoAHqeCKHe
CpO'IHb1X 3aHMOB H T.A.).
(PHHaHCOBbiH
pemiieHHH.
pHCKa
HAH
aHaAH3
pHCKa
-
H ApyrHe BTO
CIo4a
9AeMeHTbl
nOCTOqHHbIH
pOCT,
o63opbi, Tazme
npogecca,
npo,ecc,
He
orpaHHqHBaioHicHHCM nepecMOTPOM o6cToRTeAbcTB H YCAOBHH pa3 B roA. HloAroTOBKa 6H3Heca,
KpeAHTOB
npoAYKUHH
OpraHH3aUHH 3aeMujHKa,
AOA2KHO npo6Aembi
H
H
aHaAH3
pbIHKa.
HOpMaTHBOB
COOTBeTCTBHe
nepecMaTpHBaTbCH OKpyYaiou0eU
TaKHX
peryARpHO.
cpeAbi
BAHRHHC Ha 4IOpMHpOBaHHe BAHHHHH
MeHRIOTCH
a TaK2Ke
3aBHCHMOCTH
B
HOpMaTHBOB
o6AaCTH
XapaKTepHCTHKH HMel0oJ_HeC$
OT
cermeHTa
A4HTeAbHOCTH
onepaUHH,
pHCKH,
Ka4eCTBO
- Bce oKa3biBaaor
no BOnpOCy BbinOAHeHHH opraHH3agHeH
yCTaHOBAeHHbIX
HOpMaTHBoB. CAeAymou_He
coo6panKeHHH
cAymKaT
OCHOBOHi,
Ipofecc Fo
KOTOpOU
o6o3peBaTeAb
3a KpeAHToM)
MomKeT
H aHaAH3e
KpeAHTa.
o0.o6peoxr irpe.NToB
mepe AeUeHTpaAH3aljHH
pacu1HpmIoTcR, HaXOARHUJHXCR
pamKax
KpeAHTa (o6paueHtm
BbIHOCHTb cy2KAeHHH 0 Ka4ecTBe nOArOTOBKH npeAOCTaBAHemorO
B
a Ha
BpeMR
BAaCTeH,
peaK%HH
BbICOKOM
Ha H
YPOBHe
CTaHOBRTCH
Bce
6oAee
TpyAHbIMH.
oAo6peHH9
npH
3HaJHTeAbHOH
3
To
peiuaioiiHx HX
BOnpOCbI
nOHBAeHHe
COKpagaeTcm.
npeAOCTaBARHiojHX oco6eHHo
pa36pocaHHocTH
HCCAeAOBaTeAR AOAMHO KOHgeHTPHPOBaTbCH Ha:
250
0 KpeAHTaX,
BblCIIHU
cnpaBeAAHBO
yqpe2KAeHCH,
B
geAeBbie
pblHKH
3aAaIH
CAy2KaigHx,
ypOBeHb
oAo6peHHR,
OTHOiIIeHHH
noAy4eHHR
COOTBeTCTBeHHo,
BHHMaHHe
IPIAOhi%EHIHE 1. *
no
BHAe
nHCbMeHHOM
memopaHAyma
npoMemyroqHoro
no
3aMeqiaHHH
KpeAHTaM,
Aaiougero
KpeAHTaM,
no
H
Mapme
OCHOBHbIM BKAIOqaTb
AOA2HO
OHO
H
BonpOCbl
o6yqeHHe,
KAHeHTa,
KoMnaHHH
pyKOBOACTBOM
C
0 BbJAaqe KpeAHTa.
pellieHHe
npHHHMaiOUIHM
pa6oTHHKoM,
mepe
KpaHHei
no
y'acTHH
npamoro
nOATBepMACHHH
AOAyMeHTaAbHOM
KOHTaKTbl
06Bop ylpaaiemwf aiKTAraMNHoIosrmIeIHoropNcra
H
T.A.
B
OTBeTbl
pacnpocTpaHeHHe
KTO
TeM,
peKOMeHAagHH
npHHHMaenT peUleHHHI OTHOCHTeAbHO pa3BHTHR npoeKTOB.
*
H
XapaKTep
npeACTaBAReT
tiTO KOHTaKTbI c
FlpeAnoAaraeTcR,
OHbIT.
KpeAHTa
H CAOMHOCTb
rAe YHHKaAbHOCTb
B o6cTaHoBKe,
6yAyT npOxOAHTb
KAHeHTOM
TaKmKe
oAo6peHHs
'iTo bi o6ecne4HTb acI4eKTHBHoe HcnOAb3oBaHHe BbicICerO
COOTBeTCTByIOUJHH
HMeiOigero
Bce am
-
KpeAHTOB,
KpynHbIX
6
3aCAy2KHBaeT HCcAeAOBaHHH
nepCoHaAa,
noAass
c6aAaHcHpoBaHHocTb
o630p. XapaKTep
OXBaTbIBaeT
KOTOpbIe
cqpepaMbi,
no KpeAHTaM,
B noAy'eHHH
KAHeHTa
y'acTHe
HHq)opMaUHH,
BTOH
memopaHAyme
B
H3AomeHHOH
HHq3OpMaaHH,
AOCTaTOYHOCTh
COCTaBa,
pyKOBOAniero
BbICluerO
yMaCTHH
CTeneHb
Tpe6yeT HenocpeACTBeHHoro 3HaKoMCTBa c KAHeHTOM H 3HaHHA ero.
PeoreHNm
nio
NHHgHRKxyaAbHhIm mpexHNTMm
Bce
oxBaTbiBaTb
AOAmHa npHHUHnbi
H
cAa6bie
OCHOBHbIe npH
qpaKTOpaX
KAIO'eBbiX
Ha
COCpeAOTO'IHTbCH
HHme
HpHBOAHMbIe
CTOpOHbI.
CHAbHbie
o6o3peBaTeAIO
nO3BOAAIOT
H
H HcqepnbiBalou;ei
'eTKoH
oTAeAbHoH onepagHH AOA2KHa 6bITb
OMeHKa opraHH3saHef
PaCCMOTpeHHH OgeHKH KpeAHTa.
IjeAb. HClOAb3oBaHHe CpeACTB CpeACTBa - HeAoHyCTHMaS CTpylnypa
aKTHBOB
3algH84aeT opraHam o6ecne4HBalOT BO3HHKHOBeHHH
OpMYAHpOBKa geAH). HOBbJLUeHHOrO pHCxa.
CTpyKTypa
OT ApyrHX KpeAHTOpOB.
AOCTaTo4Hoe
BpeMH
TpyAHocTeH.
ApyrHe
norameeH8H
3aeMHbIX
onepasHAMH
HeaMOPTH3HPYeMbIMH C'IeTOB
B CyMMaX,
O6paTlrTe
cpeACTB.
oco6oe
3a co6o0i MenHyio
bl noBAeYb B
OTHpoHeHHH
OCHOBaHHIO
HOPMbl
AOrIYCTHMbie
H
AeHer Co
no TeKYUHM
aBaHcbi
(OBepApaPT),
rpaqtHKa
ynpaBAseH-o
H3bHTHr
cAyiaHHbie HAH BpeMeHHbie
(HanpHMep,
npeBbiUjaIOJHX
BHHMaHHe
AoArOBble
HenorauleHHble
onepagUH
H
o6AacTH TOprOBAH
B
HapymueHHfi
CIAOIIIHbIX
6
ckyqae
B
Ae4CTBHf
KoppeKTHBHbIX
TaKmAe
AHaAH3HpyIOTCq
C'eTaM, 3afMbi Ha npeAbHBHTeAH H 3aHMbi, norauiaembie B KOHae CpOKa OAHoi cyMMOH.) Bo3o6HoBAeHHe
peBOAbBHPOBaHHe
HAH
AAHTeAbHbie AbrOTHbie nepHOAbi
ToYIHO
KpeAHTa.
TaK
me,
H CpOKH HX HCTe'eHHA.
no KpeAHTaM
H
PHCK
KpeAHTHbl
He yCAOBHR B corAameHHH
COOTBeTCTBy0
npOBeAeHHH
AAA
oTpamaeT
o6n3aTeAbCTea Ha CAy'aH HaCTynlAeHHH HerlAaTema, YITO MOrAO peaKUHIO
Ha o6opoTHbie
(HanpHMep,
neTKO OnlpeAcAeHO H onpaBAaHo
HAH
H3y'IHTe
BHHMaTeAbHO
OnepaUHH TaKoro
THna
OKa3blBalrTCH B 'IHCAe CaMbiX 4aCTbIX HapyJIIeHHH. cNHHaHcoBbJh aHa4Hs/FIorarLLeHHe.AHaAH3 pa3pa6aTblBaeTcH B COOTBeTCTBHH C o6beMoM H rAy6HHOH
onepaUHH,
COCpeAOTa%IHBaeTCH,
conpooBmAaeTcq
'eTKOf
HAeHTHPHKagHeH
H
ogeHKOH
pHCKOB
H
B OCHOBHOM, Ha:
*
063ope AeATeAbHOCTH 3a HCTeKIUHHH nepHoA.
*
qeTKOH OUCHKC nporHO3HpyeMbiX pe3yAbTaTOB pa6oTbl Ha 6yAyu4H8i
*
KOHKpeTHOM
OHnpeeAAeHH
H
OlleHKe
aAbTepHaTHBHbIX
cnoco6oB pemeeHxH cHTya,HH.
251
nepHOA.
cnoco6oB
norameHe
HAH
YxpenieHHe PfJWOBO4cT=a H HOBMIIICeHHe
*
OnpeAeAeHHH
MyBCTBHTeAbHOCTH
PHCKa (8KoHoMH4ecKHM,
*
3
'yBCTBITeAbHOCTN
K iepeMeHaM
norauleHH.
CpeACTB
rpa(PHKa
3aeMHbIX
K lpaKTOpaM
npaBOBbIM, KoHKypeHTHblM H T.A.).
oTpaCAH H ee nepcneKTHB.
HaHHH COCTOSIHHH
ICaceCTBeHHhbe pHCKH.
CIDHHaHCOBbHi
aHaAH3
co6oii
nlpeCCTaBAReT
AHlllb
OAHH
aCneKT
KpeAHTHoro aHaAH3a, ApyrHe cBH3aHHbIe C HHM HeKOAHMeCTBeHHbie acneKTbl BKA1o0alOT: *
nOAO2KeHHe 3BaeMHKa
OTpaCAb: KOHKypeHTHOe
B
OTpaCAH
H
nfoAomeHHe,
KOTOpOe
OTPaCAb saHHTMaeT B perHOHe HAH B CTpaHe. *
IpaBEHeAbCTBO: BepOHTHOCTb
BMeLuaTeAbCTBa
nAaTemHoro 6aAaHca CTpaHbl;
Mepbi
HAH
no 3aSgHTe
nOAAep2KKH;
BAHHHHe
HaUHoHaAbHoHi
COCTOIHHR
BaAlOTbl
(HanpHMep,
HaAor, TOprOBbie 6apbepbI H HaAHYHe H AOCTYnHOCTb HHoCTpaHHoHi BaAlOTbI).
*
HH¢OpMaUHH H penyTagHH ayAmTopa.
Ay4HNTOP: KaqeCTBO (HHaHCOBOH
YnrpaBAeHYecKHR aHlaAHN.
HpOBOAHTCH9
OCHOBaHHH AAR ogeHKH. YnpaBAeHteCKHHi He
TOAbKO
rpynriny
BepTHKaAbHorO
q)HHaHCOBOrO
aHaAH3a
Co
ynpaBAeHHH
CTOpOHbl
6aHKa).
nporpamm nOArOTOBKH
nepeMeHaMH,
6
cnoco HOCTb
AOA2KHbI
6
blTb
Ba2KHO
BbIBOAbI
o6baCHeHHeM
C
cAeAaTb
TCMH,
TeKyqeCTb,
KTO
Ha
o
CaMbIX
cnoco6HocTb
OnpeAeAAeT
rAy6HHa
OnbITHbIX
-
Co
rAe 3TO Heo6xOAHMO, ynpaBArTb
peryAHPOBaHHe
xapaKTePHCTHKH
KorAa orpaHH4eHa
H
BO3MO2KHOCTb
ropH3OHTaAbHoro
o6ecneqHBaTb,
ero
ynop
a
nlpHIHH
AOA2KeH OXBaTbIBaTb
npeAYCMaTPHBaTb
ynpaBAeHHH,
nepCoHaAa,
B Tex CAy'Ia9X,
BKAioieHbI
AOA2KeH
AOAKeH
BsaHMoAeHiCTBOBaTb
Oco6eHHo
KAIO'eBbIX pa6oTHHKoB
(OH
lpHHaHCOBoro
o63op COCTOHHIH
o6AacTH.
C 'ieTKHM
aHaAH3, TaM rAe BTO BO3MO2iHO,
CTOpOHbl BCex CAy2K6 H BCeX (IYHKlHHi
AaHHoHi
nOCTOHHHO,
H
aHaAH3a.
pa6oTHHKax
B
BO3MO2KHOCTH
B
aTH
ogeHKH
aHaAH3HpyemMOO
noApa3AeAeHHR.
KoHTaKT C rcAHeHTaMH. OTMeTHM peryAHpHOCTb, Bble3AbI
Ha
MeCTO)
CpOpMHpOBaHHe
H
pe3yAbTaTbI
BCTpC'
C
rAy6HHy, Ka9eCTBO, KAHeHToM,
6a3b1 CBeAeHHH o6 ynpaBAeHHH KOMnaHHCH
AH nOCTOHHaH
nporpamma CHCTeMaTHieCKHX
84)qJeKTHBHb1M
KOMnOHeHTOM o6u4eii ogeHKH KpeAHTa?
cAy2K6 'leTHKoe nOHHMaHHe AOKYMeHTHPoBaHHe
H
(pHHaHCOBOrO
OTcAe2KHBaHHe
HpHHaAAemHT AH HHHgHaTHBa pa3BHTHR
H o
TaKHX
CaMofi KoMnaHHH.
BCTpeM C KAHeHTOM?
mep
(BKAoqI8a BCTpeC
Ha
CyueCTByeT
IBAHIOTCH AH TaKHe BCTpe9H
MmeeT AH PYKOBOACTBO
nAaHa KAHeHTa H pOAH co6cTBeHHblx
MIHpOTY
BAHRHHe
6aHKa?
no
ECTb AH nOHHMaHHe,
opraHH3agHH
OTHOuieHHfi 6aHK-KAHeHT
6yxraATepcKHx
npoH3BoAcTBa?
KAHeHTy? Y9aCTByMOT AH BO
BCTpe'aX C KAHeHToM cTapulHe pa6OTHHKH H BeAyiqHe CneUHaAHCTbi o6eHx CTOpOH?
JpOEepwK
Jpe=HTa. BKAio'eHHe
oTpHi2aTeAbHoA
HH(popMaUHH.
pa3pa6aTbiBaAHCb pa3ACAbl
B
OKa3biBsaOTCR
KeAaTeAbHO,
oTAeAbHbIX
KCpeHTHOrO
AeAa.
npOBepOK
2
npeAAO2KeHHR
'ITO6bi OXBaT H cOAep2KaHHe
MeMopaHAyMaX
MaCTO
6oAee Ba2KHbiMH,
B KpeAHTHbie
HCq)OMaAbHbie
H
BKAioiaAHCb paCCAeAOBaHHH,
6bl
H aHaAH3
npOBepOK B
noApo6Ho
COOTBeTCTBYlOwHe
npOBeAeHHbIe
9eM q0oMaAbHbie 6aHKoBcKHe npoBepKH,
Ao6oH
Ha
pbZHKe,
nOaTOMy OHH AOAmHbi
nepHOAH'leCKH AoKyMeHTHpoBaTbCR.
EwemIrgHbze o6s9opMr. CBoeBpeMeHHOCTb H KaqeCTBo eC2erOAHbIX o6SOpoB npeAocTaBAeHHb[X KpeAHTOB H KpeAHTHb1X CpeACTB, KpeAHTa.
Oco6oe
BHHMaHHe
BKAio9aioJiHe Bce BAeMeHTbi
CAeAyeT
yAeAHTb
252
cpaBHeHHIO
npo!ecca nOArOTOBKH K BbNAane q3aKTHMeCKOrO
noAO2KeHHR
C
I PHA OAKEHHE 1. 0630op yHpam9emiN
o0RIirieNHHoropHcxa
aiwKraMN
eCAH OHO HMeeT
npeAnoAaraeMbiMH OIeHKaMH, Heo6xoAHMo BCKpblBaTb npHqHHbl pacxo2KAeHHH, MeCTO.
TpaCToBaH H areHrCmaH o6HzsaHHocrb. AHaAH3 Aio6oro nOTeHUHaAbHOrO KOH(PMHKTa Me2KAy KAHeHTa, H o6H3aHHOCTHMH TpaCTa HAH areHTa, BbiCTynalOUgHX npeACTBHTeARMH HHTepecOB HHTepecaMH 6aHKa KaK npqmoro KpeAHTopa.
npoBepKa. COOTBeTCTByIOUgHiH YPOBCHb nOAyiqeHHH oAo6peHH.R, H nepeKpecTHaHL reorpatpHqecKoro HAH CyBepeHHoro rocyAapcTBeHHoro pHCKa, COCTOHHH KOHKpeTHOH
04o6peHHe oAo6peHHe
npoueAyp OTpacAH, KOHCyAbTalHH, B cAy'ae Heo6xoAHMoCTH HAH 2KeAaTeAbHOCTH, co6A.oAeHHe Ba2KHbIe 6yxraATepcKoro yqeTa H OTMeTHOCTH B opraHH3agHH a TaKme Aio6bie ApyrHe Ba2HbIM
CTaHOBHTCH
KOHCyAbTagHR
npOAyMaHHa5i
xopoluo
HaCTO
aKCnepToB.
KOHCYAbTagHH
noKa3aTTARM 6AaronOAyqHOCTH CHTyaUHH. H HpeIOCTUaRAHHe
JOKYMCHTHpoRaHwe
nOAHOTY AoKyMeHTaUHH, CBoeBpeMeHHOCTb H XOpOIUIHH KOHTpOAb;
CHcTeMbi, o6ycAaBAHBaioigHe a
Taime
AOA2KHa
HOpMaTHBOB
co6AioAeHHe
3a
OTBeTcTBeHHocTb
AemHT Ha pYKOBOAHTeAe,
AOKyMeHTHpOBaHHH 3aBHCHMOCTH
o630pa.
OCHOBOH
CTaTb
ynpaBAeHH3i
CTOPOHbl
Co
KOHTpoAR
COOTBCTCTBY1Oigero
npoMecca
OgeHKa
AoKyMeHTagHH.
nOAHOTOH
HaAH4He
H
CpeACTB
npeAoCTaBAeHHSI
npaKTHKOH
MemAy
B3aHMOCBH3b
aHiMy;
no
AoKyMeHTaIHH
Ka'eCTBO
HBAHeTCH
pa3AeAa
AaHHoro
BAeMeHTOM
KAioMeBbIM
cpe4'crn
OTBeqaiowem 3a OTHOluleHHI
BHe
C KAHeHTaMH,
pa6oTa c AoKyMcHTaMH o6R3aHHOCTbIO
OT Toro, HBAHeTCH AH HenOCpeACTBCHHaH
AHHeHHoro PYKOBOACTBa AaHHorO roApa3AeAeHHH.
CTaIIrapTmI .4'0IyMeHTaMHH PYKOBOACTBO
Tpe6oBaHH.I
OTpaCAbiO
Ka2A2iOH
BHAy
Ka2lAOMy
K
H Hpogegypbr lOKy0MeHIlpOBaHNH 6aHKoBcKoro
AeAa
AOAMHO
AAH
Toro
'iTO6bi
IpOAYKXHH,
KOHKpeTHble
pa3pa6oTaTb 6blAO
BCKpblTb
BO3MOmKHO
C AaHHblM npOAyKTOM pHCKa. HaH6oAee BsaHbie acneKTbI
XapaKTePHCTHKH CBH3aHHOrO
aToro
cAeAylolHe: *
AOA2KHbi
C
6blTb
KpeAHTHOrO
paspetUeCHHH
KoMHTeTa,
KOHKpeTHOrO
eCAH
OT-ieTa,
aa aTy
Ha3HaqeHHe,
pa6oTy;
oAo6peHHe
no
HHCTpyIKUHH
AAA npA4OCTaBAeHHH
Heo6xOAHMoro
(OTKAOHeHHH
noApa3AeAeHHR,
AaHHOrO
PYKOBOACTBa
Heo6xoAHMo);
8TO
OTBenalou;ero
opraHa,
IopHAH'IecKoro
KaK
PYKOBOACTBOM
yrBCPmAaembic
AOKyMeHTbl,
HopMaTHBHbie
FpaBOBoE.
KpeAHTa;
H
TaK
H OCeHKa
cocTaBAeHH1O HHCTpyKUHH
C
yKa3aHHeM MHHHMaAbHOrO Ha6opa AOKyMeHTOB, Heo6XoAHMoro AAA KamAOH onepaUHH.
*
AHCr oi7epagHH H HeSABwCHmOe Ho4mrepPI(4eHHe. KamAaaH onepauHR
HpoBepoYHbJh AOAMHa
HMeTb
nlpoBepOtHbiH Toro,
nOATBCPMACHHe npeAOCTaBAeHHH
OHH
HMeIOT
MTO
KIpeAHTHbIX
npaBHAbHbie
COOTBeTCTBYIOUJYIO
AHCT
AoKyMeHTbi
CpeACTB
noAnmcH,
iOpHAHMeCKylO
AoKyMeHTagHH;
Heo6XOAHMOH 6
nOAyieIHbi
bIAH
H 6blAH npaBHAbHO
perHCTpaUHI0, opMy)
HOpMaTHBaM YCAOBHH.
253
H
A0
O0oMpAeHbi
MapKH
o6
COOTBeTCTBYIOT
He3aBHCHMOe
(paKTHqecKoro (HanpHMep,
yrAaTe
ZITO
noUAHH,
Tpe6oBaHUHM
H
YmpeAeirNe pyEoBoxcra N irombmueHNe cyRcTBNTeAbHocrN hr nepeMeHam *
HeSamBCHMziR
KOHTpO4b H
0ocAe .4y0JHe4geNfCBhi.
HCTeqeHHR
CPOXH
o6HasTeAbcTB (cTpaxoBoro nOAHca, rapaHTHH H np.); AOKYMCHTaAbHOe noATBep2KACHHe HCKAIoqeHHH, CAeAaHHbIX
BO
BpeMH1
nOCAeAYIOUJHx
npeAOCTaBAeHHR
npOBepOK.
H o6HapymeHHblx
cpeACTB
TuaTeAbHoe
H3yqeHHe
noS3AHee B xoAe
H TO'qHOe OTpa2KeHHH
co6AioAeHH.u
Bcex o6s3taTeAbHblx nOCAeAy1OigHX npogeAyp. HHcamemNpoBaHHe. ICepHoAHqecKoe nOATBepmAeHHe (He peme 1 pa3a B roA) HaAH'IHs
*
H nOAHOTbI
HMeioUgHxcH
CBH3H C KAHeHTaMH. roAoBoro
oT"eTa
B AeAe AoKyMeHToB
HlHcneKgHH HAH,
C OTMeTKOH
MO2KeT npOBOAHTbCS1
npH
onpeAeAeHHbIX
npOBeAeHHe
YBeAoMAeHHe
ee
HBAneTC.R
HcKA1oieHHMX
npoBoAHTcR
HO H B BTOM cAy4ae OTBeTCTBeHHbIM
PYKOBOAHTeAb
0 AonyujeHHbIX
no
C nOArOTOBKOH
o6CToRTeAbCTBax,
OAHOBpeMeHHO no BCeMy KPCAHTHOMy nopTcpeAio, 3a
pyKOBOAHTeAA cAy2K6bi
OAHOBpeMeHHO
cAy2K6bi H
no
CBH3.qM
nepHOAHqecKoe
HX
c
KAHHTaMH.
OTCAe2KHBaHHe
C nepeAaqeu HH(POpMaUHH Ha CaMbi14 BbICOKHH COOTBeTCTByIOIIHH YPOBeHb AAA noAy'eHHH oAo6peHHH .
CooTrwerTcrHe HopmaMwHam H Hpofe,4ypam COOTBeTCTBHe OTCAeMHBaeTCH nyTem o63opa COCTOHHHH oTAeAbHbIX CHCTeMbl
nOAAep2KKH,
KpeAHTOB H H3yqeHHR
KaK noApa3AeAeHHe no KOHTpOA1O PeKoMeHuagHH AAA pa6oTHHKa, rOTOBqsuerO TaKOH o63op, BKAIo'ialOT:
*
.s3y'eHHe
TaKoH
nocAeAHerO
HesaBHCHMOrO
sa
AoKyMeHTaMH.
OT'ieTa
0 COCTOHHHH AOK_MeHTaUHH H/HAH nocAeAHero OTqeTa 0 COCTOHHHH CBH3aHHOrO C AaHHbIM KpeAHTOM pHCKa; AaAbHeHmee OTCAe2HBBaHHe OTAeAbHbIX 3aMemaHHi4 HAH OTKAOHeHHH OT HOpMbl AAA BbIRBAeHHR KOppeKTHBHb1X AeHCTBHH H, eCAH Heo6XOAHMO,
yBeAOMAeHHe Bblu1eCTOH1MerO opraHa O
COCTOHHHH AeA. *
lpoBepKy noCAeAHero oTieTa pa6OTbi noApa3AeAeHHH,
OTBeTCTBeHHoro sa nOAIrOTOBKY
H ocpopMAeHHe AOKyMeHTOB.
*
OTieT
0
npOrpaMMb1
COCTORHHH
nOArOTOBKH
nepcoHaAa
no
"lOpMaAbHOrO
BOnpOCaM
npaBosoro,
acneKTOB npH nOArOTOBKe AoKyMeHToB.
KaKHe
H
HeCOpMaAbHOrO
lOpAHHecKOrO
o6yqeHHR
H
H npOlOeCCYaAbHOrO
noco6HHR H/HAH PYKOBOACTBa Ha aTy
TeMy HMeCOTcH B OTAeAe H KaKHe Tpe6yiOTcR? *
FpoBepKa
ABoHHoro
KpeAHTHoro
AeAa
KOHTPOAH,
npeAMeT
Ha
AocTyn
K
AoKyMeHTaM.
OpHrHHaAbHblM
Heo6XoAHMocTH
Bo3o6HoBAeHHS
lpoBepKa
cTpaxoBaHHR
HAH
npoAAeHHH rapaHTHH H T.n. *
*
IpoBepKa COOTBeTCTBHR Tpe6oBaHHH K KpeAHTaM, HaAHqHeiH
BceH
nOATBep2KAaTbCR AOKyMeHTaIlHH
Heo6xoAHMoH B
a
TaKme
AOKyMeHTaUHH
npOBeAeHHM
XoAe B
o6ecneqeHHblM saAoroM.
rOAOBOM
H
ee
He3aBHCHMOH OT'EeTe,
aAeKBaTHOCTb
HHCneKlKHH
KOTOpblIH
rOTOBHTCR
AOKyMeHTOB,
HalqHHaR
no
AOA2KHbl COCTORHHIO
pyKOBOAHTeAeM
cAym6bi no CBH3H C KAHeHTaMH. *
IOAHOTa.
npoBepKa
3aMBAeHHH,
MomeT
npOBepKH
nOAHOTbI
no
cyUjeCTBOBaTb
MeMOpaHAyM
HaAH'qHR
C
KpeH4THOrO
AHCTy KpeAHTHOrO AeAa, KBHTaHUHH o npMeme 3aAora H T.n. nOArOTOBAeHHblH
c nepe%iHCAeHHeM
pa6oTHHKoM
Bcex rioAy'eHHbIX
AOKCymeHT AOA2KeH nepHOAHMeCKH o6HOBAMTbCR,
254
no
AOKYMeHTOB
CBRSH
C
KAHeHTOM
H CBHAeAbcTB.
TaKofi
BKAIo'jaR B ce6H nocTynaioUIHe HoBble
1JPHAONEHHE 1. 06iop yupaseHmNH aAETEramK mosmrheImNmoro pscJra
noAAef2KaT TaKme CpOKH HCTe'eHHH AeHCTBHR nputAom2eHHbIX AoKyMeHroB.
lpoBepKe IpoBepbTe,
AocTyn,
HaAe2KHO AH
AOKyMeHTbi (nonpaBKH
H3MeHeHHR YCAOBHH.
K nepBOHamaAbHOMy AorOBOpy,
XOpOUIO AH opraHH3OBaHbl AOKyMeHTbl, AerKO AH nOAy'IHTb K HHM xpaHHTCSI.
OH *
MaAo
AAeKBaTHOCTb npaBoBoro o6ecneqeHHH KpeAHTa. 6
npOBepKe
npH
YAOCTOBepHTbCH
MomeT
o 3op
rOTOB.RWHi
KTO H3 Hac RBAAeTCH iOpHCTOM. cy1jeCTBOBaHHH
B
OTKAOHeHHH OT AeHCTByIOIIJHX 3aKOHOB H noAI3aKOHHbix aKTOB, eCAH OH HX 3HaeT. I1PH CAeAyeT
npoBepKe 6
Ao HTbCH
o0eHHTb
TOMKH 3peHHR
H C BTOH
roToBHRiIHH BblAasy KpeAHTa,
pa6oTHHK,
xoTeA
ero
ToroF,
BbIHBAeHHe
Ha
BHHMaHHe
oco6oe
o6paTHTb
aAeKBaTHOCTb AoKyMeHTaUHH B AeAe H MeTOAbi ee o6ecne'ieHHH. -
no
HpoBepbTe
coBeplmeHCTBO),
AoroBopbi
H
noIAqHHeHHOCTH
T.n.,
(THun
3aAoroB
rapaHTHHH,
yCAOBHR
KAioxieBble
AAOKYMCHTaM
yBHAeTb,
-{To6bi
H
OHH
ITO
COCTaBAeHbI B COOTBeTCTBHH C OCHOBHbIMH YCAOBHRMH BbIAa'lH KpeAHTa. CTpyKTypa (oco6bie
3aHMa
t
"IOArOTOBKa -
ApyrHe
H
YCAOBHH
KPeAHTa K BbiAa e H
KTO HMeeT
iOpHAHMeCKHH
H
oroBOpKH)
aHaAH3". 5
AOCTyn K 3aAory?
(PH3HmecKHH
IBAHeTcR
He
HCKAIOMHTeAbHblM npaBoM OAHOro HAH HeCKOAbKHX KpeAHTopoB? B
YCAOBHHi
C
COOTBeTCTBHH
npaBo
KOTOpbIMH
Ha
6aHKa
HcnOAb3OBaHHA
orpaHH'eHHOCTb/HeorpaHH'eHHOCTb
rapaHTHU
AH
3aAor
cyUjecTBYeT AH
3aAor
6blTb
MomeT
HpaBoBaH
KpeAHTOpaMH?
ApyrHMH
aHHYAHpOBaHO
pa3AeAe
B
o6cymAaloTcA
H
ycAOBHH
ApyrHx
AOKyMeHTOB o6ecnexieHHs. - HMeIOTCH AH B AeAe 3aKAlo'1eHHR IOPHCKOHCYAbTa 6aHKa H IOpHCTKOHCYAbTa KAHeHTa? - Bce AH KoHKPeTHbie iopHAH'eCKHe Tpe6OBaHHI yAoBAeTBopeHbl, TaKHC
KaK
6yMaraMH
UeAb
BHyrpeHHero
npeAOCTaBAeHHI perHCTpaUsHi
KOMnaHHH,
npeAeAaMH rpaHHl CTpaHbI,
rapaHTHmi
3aHMa,
AAA
BKAlOtIaR, HailpHMep,
o6ecne'eHHoro
co6AioAeHHR
MeHHb1MH
o6R3aTeAbcTB
3a
H T.A.?
Tpe6oBaHHI (HanpHMep, CyBepeHHbIH HMMyHHTeT/npaBOBaR
- Bce AH opraHH3ag,HOHHbie
1OPHCAHKUHH AAAH rOCyAaPCTBeHHb[X KpeAHTOB) yAoBAeTBOpeHbl?
Ilpe4ocTaBAeHHe Cpei4CTB B oTqeTe Heo6xOAHMO: *
CAeAaTb o63op npoleAyp H nepcoHaAa no onepagH.M Ha OCHOBaHHH co6eceAoBaHHuR C HHMH AAI BO3MO2mHOCTH OMeHKH co6AioAeHaH
*
YCTaHOBHTb,
qBASeTCR
AH
o6blqHOH
H nOHHMaHHH Tpe6oBaHHH.
npaKTHKOH
BblAa'a
6e3
CpeACTB
HaAHqUR
COOTBeTCTByIOIUeH AOI(yMeHTaUHH. *
OnpeAeAHTb, 'iaCTbI AH OTKAOHeHHH OT OCHOBHbIX Tpe6oBaHHA.
*
1H3yqHTb B?IXeKTHBHOCTb
noCAeAyioIIHx npo]BepOK *
IpOBepHTb
H UeAeCoo6pa3HOCTb
no
peFyAApHOCTb
CneUHaAbHb!X 3anHceH-npHMeqaHHi
AAA
KpeAHTHOMY AeAy. OTteTOB
nepeA
CTapI1HM
PYKOBOACTBOM
HcKAioteHHH9X H OnpeAeAHTb, HaCKOAbKO OnpaBAaHbi TaKHe HcKAioqeHHH.
255
0
AOnyl%eHHbIX
Y,rpeHAeaze pyicoiroac7a
CocTaBHTeAH
TaKoro
H HoIbrhieHHe qIyCTBrHreAbHOcrT
oTseTa
AOA2KHbI
nOATBepAHTb
oT'IeTa,
(PaKToM
He noSAHee 'leM B Tel'eHHe Mecmiga, cAeAyiouero
saperHCTpHpoBaHbl
nOTepb (perHCTpalgH
K H.epeMCHam
sa
9To
y6blTKH
MecHgeM o6HapymeHHh
npOBOAHTCH AH6o pyKOBOACTBOM, AH60 AHUOM, npOBOAHBIIHM
rPOBePKY
COCTOBHHHH aKTHBOB).
06ecnesHTb,
ArerrcKHe HAH rpacroBbIe o6wsaHHOcm.
'iTo6bl BbinOAHHAHCb
o6ecneIHBaMouHe BbrliOAHeHHe o6R3aTeAbcTB areHTOB HAH AOBepeHHb]X AHM
oieTOE
oIroToBma
4AH pywoBO4crTa.
PeryARpHO
AH
npogeAypbl,
TpacTy.
OTpa2KaiOTCH
HenorameHHbie CCYAbl H HepeaAH3OBaHHbie o6H3aTeAbcTBa?
pyKOBOACTBa
rio
B
oT'eTax
HacKOAbKO
AAsi
TO9Hb!
TaKHe CBeAeHH.R
YcraHo&ueiHe irpo6Aem OTHOCHIIHXCH B OCHOBHOM K CnocO 6 HOCTH nOApa3AeAeHHa
nOpTEpeAb. BblaBAeHHe npo6AeM, npeABocxHIjaTb, OTAeAbHbIMH
o6HapyŽKHBaTb
aKTHBaMH
o6
HSBeCTHOCTb
npH3HaBaTb
nOBbIlUCHHorO
ee
pa3pa6aTblBaeMblii
H
pHCKa,
cyujeCTBoBaHHH
H,
KaK
B 6aHKe, K npo6AeMaM
npo 6 AeMbi,
3HaMHMOCTb
COOTBeTCTBeHHO, M02mHo
nOpTcpeAH,
CTaBHTb
paHbllIe.
paHHero
OnOBCIeIHHH
pa3AH-'HbIe
cygueCTBY1OJHe
noCTOHRHHbIH
npo6AeMbx
IIOMHMO
B03MO2HOCTb
qBAAeTCH
6
aAbTepHaTHBHbI
3aKAiomeHHH
cnoco bI,
COOTBeTCTBYlOJgero noApa.3AeAeHHR.
Eue
OAHH
aCneKT
npH3HaHHH
o6AacTH
AH
nOAPa3AeAeHHe nepCoHaAa,
HaBbiKaMH),
BbIXOAa
AO
e2KeKBapTaAbHoro CIHTaeTCR
npogecca
HOBbie
Heo6xoAHMbIMH
PbIHKH
HAH
onpeAeAeHHbJX
HHCTpyMeHTOM
O COCTOBHHH
MHeHHe C
KAHeHTaMH npo6AeMbl
H HAH
aHaAH3a
I1pHMeHeHHe
K
(BeAeT
npogeAyp)?
AH
o6yseHHe
BAaAeioLHX aTHMH HOBblMH
HOBOH
npOAYKWHH
paHHero
(TeKy"ecTb
HOBOH npaKTHKH H
HaBbIKaMH,
3anycKa
BHAOB
AAR
HCnOAb33yH
KpeAHToBaHHH
np"rAaLwaeT AH HOBbIX pa6oTHHKoB,
Ha
peHTHHra
HOAeSHbIM
HOBblMH
Aio 6 oH
llpeABHAlHT AH H npH3HaeT AH PYKOBOACTBo
YXYAUICHHR
nepcoHaAa, CTPYKTyPHaH MaTpHga, Heo xoAHMoCTb BHeApeHHR
CyugecTyio~gero
npo6AeMbl,
CBH3H
3TO
-
6
OBAaAeBaeT
I eAb1O
BTHX
KoppeKTHBHoe ynpaBAeHHe".
nlpO6AeMbi
npogeccaM B CaMOM KpeAHTHOM noApa3AeAeHHH. nOTeHUHaAbHO-npo6AeMHbie
aHKa.
IOAXOA pyKOBOACTBa K pelDeHHIO AaHHO
npHHHTHIO KOppeKTHBHbIX mep o6cy2KAalOTCH HH2me B pa3AeAe
nlpozecc.
6
o6ecnesHTb no
B
nofXOA,
OT'eT 0 COCTOHHHH
pemieHHH
cAym 6 bi
pyKOBOAHTeAH
C
CHCTeMHblii
npo6AeM AOAffeH CTaTb 06 blIHOH npaKTHKOH BO Bcex noApa3AeAeHHtx CHCTeMbi
cBH3aHHoH pyKOBOACTBO
ripoAYK4HH? H
o6Hapy2eHHA
HIpoBeAeHHe
onepagHoHHblx npHH3HaKOB
6AoKoB
yXyAIeHHH
AeRTeAbHOCTH.
llpo6Aembi
13CKpbITHR HeAOCTaTICOB H OTqeTHOCTH nO HHM
,jeficTEmw
uo4paaeAeHRw
coBHaHHH: A IHPKYARPaX OTBeqalOU4HM
sTo
ecAH?,
CBRHb
-
HlpH3HaHHe KoTOpoe
sanHCKax,
H naMHTHbIX 3a
-
c
OUeHKe
KAHeHTOM.
KaK
npo6AeMbl AOA2HO
aTO
HaXOAHTb
KpeAHTOB, o6bPIHo
-
npeAnOAOmeHHe
CBoe
B HHTepBblo
pearHpyeT
OTpameHHe
B
B
C pa6oTHHKOM,
nopApa3AeAeHHe
Ha paaAH4Hble co6blTHR: yAHBAHeTCR HM KaK ciopnpHsy HAH HeMeAAeHHo npeAnpHHHmaerT KaKHe-AH6o
OTBeTHble
AeHCTBHR?
HlpHiHaeT
AH
OHO
rIOTeHUHaAbHbIe
pHCKH, 3zAofeHHbIC B 6H3Hece H KOHKpeTHblx onepagHHsx BToro 6H3Heca? Pa3pa6aTblBaeT AH OHO CUeHaPHH peaKUHH Ha HenpeABHACHHbie o6cToRTeAbCTBa ( HeMITaTHbxe cHTyaUHH )?
258
OffEHHE I. 06sop yiipa,&eHHu aAKTNBavMm H7PHAO O'eHb
AAA
Ba2KHblM
yKa3bIBaloWHX
He
(Ho euje He
npo6AeMbl
Ha cyUgeCTBOBaHHe
T.e.
AHarHo3,
npaBHAbHbli
SBAHeTCH
KOHgaenlUHH
AaHHOH
CHMrrroMOB,
o6HapymeHHe
pJJCea
MORbUIeInHOF
HBAHIOU4HXC9 caMoH 6oAe3Hb!o), a BbiABAeHHe npH'IHH npo6AeMbl. *
rpynnbl,
npomepoK -
IpoBe4eHHe AHHeCHbrX ay.4RMpCHX
OTAeAbl
MoryT
T.A.
H
OpraHH3OBaTb npoBeAeHHe CBOHX co6cTBeHHblx BHyTpeHHHx ayAHTOPCKHX npOBepOK AfAR HHueCToRUgHX
B HAeaAe TaKHe ayAHTopCKHe npoBepKH
nOApa3AeAeHHH.
HMeCioUHMH
pa6oTHHKamH,
npoBOAHTbcA
OnbIT
B
KOHKpeTHbIX
AoA2r.Hbl
BHAax onepaIHH,
HO
3aHHMaiou,iHecC
CTPYKTYPHO pa6oTaiou4HMH B ApyroM noApa3AeAeHHH. H1oApaAeAeHuHA,
ogeHKoi PHCKa OnpeAeAAIOT, HBAHIOTCH AH CYUJHOCTb H qaCTOTa ayAHTOPCKHx HpOBePOK
nOAPaSAeAeHHH,
H OUeHHBalOT
CHCTeMa 6blCTporO
BepTHKaAbHOrO
AaHHOrO
AeHTeAbHOCTH
C xapaKTepOM
COBMeCTHMbIMH
Ka'eCTBO npoBeAeHHoro ayAHTa.
•
063op COCToHHHH Hop7TpeAR - OpraHH3OBaHHafI
BOSAeHCTBHeM nepeMeH B
o6sopa COCTOHHHH nopTHeAA AAA ynpaBAeHuH
(cBepxy-BHH3)
Ha
cpeAe
8KOHOMHmeCKOU/npaBOBOU
OTAeAbHbIX
COCTO9HHe
npeACTaBAHeT
CHeTOB
oco6ypo BamHOCTb B yCAOBHHx 6bICTpO MeHioujeICHcR o6CTaHOBKH. *
- He
JepHognvecxoe paHHpoBaHHe nOprvpeA
paH2mHpoBaHHR
npOBeAeHHe (HanpHMep,
MomeT
HAH
no rpynnam A,B,B) Ha e2KeKBapTaAbHoH
6blTb
npeKpaCHbIM
HHCTpyMeHTOM
no
KpeAHTOB
BceX
peHTHHra
onepauHeH,
o6A3aTeAbHoii
HBASHCb
PHCKa
cTeneHH
OCHOBe UAH maige no 2eKaSHHO
o6Hapy2meHrH5
Ka-eCTBa
yxyAmaionjerocH
KpeAHTOB H MOMeT HBHTbCH asqXpeKTHBHbIM cnoco6oM AOKyMeHTHPOBaHHS
nepHoAH'ecKH
nPOBOAHMOrO BHyTpeHHerO ayAHTa.
* AHCT
o7TCei)HBaHHH - MaTepHaAbHble H3MeHeHHH
MHomeT BbI3BaTb K 2KH3HH noRBAeHHe AHCTa OTCAe2mHBaHHR B AOIIOAHeHHe K
KpeAHTaMr
KAaccHqHKaUHH
cHcTeMe
OTCAemHBaHHS,
pa3a B
BHeApeHHS
KpeAHTOB.
Heo6xoAHMO
'ieTKO
Bcell CHCTeMbi
HcnOAb3OBaHHe peme
HAH npo6AeMbI c HeOnpeACACHHbIMH
KBapTaA.
TaKOrO
ECAH
nOAPa3AeAeHHe
KpHTepHH,
H
nepecmoTpa
OTCAe2KHBaHHI
Heo6xoAHMo
nposepoqHoro
AOKYMCHTaAbHO
AHCTa
KOppeKTHBHbIX
Mep.
H1OApa3AeAeHHe
oCeHOK COCTOAHHUH npH'sHHbl
t
MOmHO
C lHTaTb
Heo6xOAHMOCTb npHHHaTHR YCTaHOBHTb
AOA2KHO
AHCT
aKTHBHoe
o6ecnesmTb
3a(PHKCHPOBaTb
OTCAe2KHBaHH$I,
pa3pa6oTKy nAaHa AeHCTBHH, eCAH HameqaeTca
TaKoH
HcnOAb3yeT
onpeAeAHTb
He AAA
yMeCTHOH
KOHKpeTHblX
MaKCHMaAbHbIU
nepHOA,
B
TeCeHHe KOTOporo 3aeMUJHKH AOA2KHbI 6blTb noA KOHTPOACM Ha AHCTe oTcAemHBaHHHS, nOCAe
KOTOporo
BblAaHHaH
KOHKpeTHbluI
eMy
ccyAa
3aeMIIHK
AH6 o
KAacCHPHUHpyCTCH
KaK
C
CHHMaeTcA npo6ACMHaH.
TaKorO
AHcTa,
BHeCeHHR
FpoMeAypbi
KAHeHTa B AHCT OTCAe2HHBaHHA CBS3bIBalOT C paHmHpoBaHHeM/peHTHHroM
AH6o
oTAeAbHbIX
KpeAHTOB, KaK BTO OnHCaHO Bblille. II4aCCHtpHKcaLHH - Ono3HaHHe CyyueCTByiOujeH CBoeBpeMeHHOH
KAaCCH(PHKaUHH
Ka'IeCTBa aKTHBOB nOBbliuIeHHOrO
0
HHqOpMHpOBaHHA
HeH
npo6AeMbl
OpraHHqeCKH npeAiuCcTByeT
H oTseTy o6 yxyAIueHHH HAH yAysoleHHH pHCKa. OnpeAeAeHHe
pyKOBOACTBa
6oAee
H ynpaEAeHHe
BbICOKOrO
YPOBHH
COCTOAHHR
npo6AeMoii
6e3
HenpHeMAeMo.
AHHeiiHbie pyKOBOAHTeAH AOA2KHbI HHHUHHpOBaTb npogecc HOBOH KAacCHlPHKaUHH HAH BHeCTH
H3MeHeHHH
cyWeCTBYIOI1YIO CHCTeMy,
B y2Ke 6
KAaccHq)HKaHRHH
AOAmHa
BHHMaHHe
KAaccH(HKaUHH
npH
blTb
npoBeAeHa CAcAyeT
259
Ha
KaK
BTorO
Tpe6yeT
COOTBeTCTBylOJueM
yAeAHTb
cAy'!aRM
ypOBHe.
ABoHHoro
cHTyaLuH.
Oco6oe npbilmKa
YixpeHAeHie pyORO4oTcTRra (nepexoAa
H3
cTyneHH),
a
OAHOH
jzobrhIreINe vyBcCTBtHeAbHocrH K IHepemeHam
H
KaTeropHH
TaK2me
KaTerOpHIO,
B
nOnbiTKH
CAyqaRM
cAy2K6bi
noApa.34eAeHHH
(T.e. IlAa
no
KAaCCH(IHKaMHefH
"ynpaBATbm
CnHCaHHH. YCTaHOBHTe, 6blAa AH KAaCCH(pHKagHR PYKOBO4HTeAeM
OTHOUeCHHRM
CHH3y BBepx)
OT npeAbiAygeU
OTCTOHIUYIO
2
Ha
CCyA
UAH
Ha YpOBHe noApa3AeAeHHR npoBeAeHa C
HAH
3aeMJgHKaMH
BbICIIIHM
H
pyKoBoAHTeARMH
pYKOBOACTBOM
opraHH3aMHH
(cBepxy BHHS). A\Hlia
o6 30p,
rOTOBHI1He
CHCTeMoH
paHHero
onoBeqjeHHH?
TaKme
onoBeueHHR,
AOA?KHbl
OeHHTb
pa3pa6oTaHHoH
B
CBR3b
memAy
noApa3AeAeHHH.
KAaCCH(pHKa;.HeH
CBoeBpeMeHHbl
AH
H 8TH
IBAHIOTCSI AH OHH o6blqHOii npaKTHKoH HAH noAcKa3aHbl KaKHM-TO 3aMeqaHHeM
B peryAHPHOM o63ope?
H XOTH
Ha YPOBHC nOApa3AeAeHHH,
KAaCCH(PH KaUHA aKTHBOB nOBbIlUeHHOrO pHCKa, opraHn3yeMaa
RBAReTCH
pa3pellueHHOH
npaKTHKOH,
Heo6xoAHMo
npHHHMaTb
BO
BHHMaHHe ee xapaKTep H o6cTosITeAbcTBa npoBeAeHHH.
*
KaK
Y6bIrH n7o CCy,4aM -
OTMeqeHO B pa3AeAe
H PHCKaMH , npH YCTaHOBAeHHH cnHcaHa
OpraHH3agHH ynpaBAeHHS
noTepH cyMMa
y6bITKa HeMeAAeHHO
0
HAH nepeHeceHa AAH cpOpMHpOBaHHH pe3epBa.
KpeAHTaMH
AOA2KHa
6blTb
Aio6oM HapymIeHHH AaHHOH
nOAHTHKH AOA2KCH 6blTb HeMeAACHHO nocTaBAeH B H3BeCTHOCTb pyKoBoAHTeAb oTAeAa. *
HoveHgHaAhHbmN KOH(pAHKTe
xOHpAHKT
HHTepeCoB,
HHTepeCOB
co3AaBaeMoM
Aio6a3i
-
AOBepeHHbIMH
HmpOpMagHm AHIaMH
KOTOPaH BbIHBAReTCH Ha CTaAHH nOArOTOBKH KpeAHTa,
O
nOTeHUHaAbHOM
HAH areHTaMH
KAHeHTa,
AOA2KHa o6HOBAHTbCH
He peme
pa3a B roA.
*
FIpoCpoveHHbIe o6skaTeAbcma
H .4e6HTopcKaH sAaOAweHHOCTh -
AOA2KHbI
B03MO2KHbie
YqHTbIBaTbCR
KaK
noKa3aTeAH
3
TH BHAbI aKTHBOB
nOaTOMy
npeAynpe2KAeHHs,
Heo6XOAHMbI HeMeAAeHHbIe KOppeKTHBHbie Mepbl. *
PaspeuemNe Ha BbI4wavy ¶Vpe4HTa, BbI4aBaeMoe ,4pywMH ro,4tpa,4#eAeHHJMH - TaKoii me npogecc 6
blTb
paHHero onoBeigeHHH pa3pa6oTaH
cBoeBpeMeHHOC
AAR
llpHHHTOH B 6aHKe nOAHTHKH AOAKeH
H co6AIoAeHHi
TaKHX
ccyA,
yBeAoMAeHHe
no
KOTOpbIM
AOAmHo
lOApa3AeAeHHH
KOHTpOAbHbIX
6blTb
noAy3eHo
nIOAyqeHHR
AA
Heo6xOAHMoro pa3peJiIeHHH. Bbi.IBAeHHe
H
IperAOCTaBAeNHH
AolKymeHTHpoBaHHe
npo6Aem,
cBBRaHHbIX
upoaeccou
C
KpeAHTa
CHCTeMaTH"qecKoe
BHHMaHHe
PYKOBOACTBa
rIpeAOCTaBAeHHH KpeAHTOB H npH3HaHH9
K
noKa3aTeARM,
pHCKa, BCKpOeT
6
xapaKTepH3ylOgHM
npOgeCC
OAbDIJHHCTBO BO3HHKaiouIHx npo6AeM.
HlpHMepoM MOryT CAYMHTb HeCBOeBpeMeHHbIe AHHeHHbie peBH3HH, HeCHCTeMaTH 1 eCKHe OTqeTbi, HapyHueHHe
nporpaMMbI
AOKyMeHTaUIHH, KpeAHTHbIM
BH3HTOB
HeaKKYPaTHoe
onepaUHaM,
K
BeACHHe
yCTapeBwiue
KAHeHTy, KpeAHTHbIX (pyHKUHH
HeOTperyAHpOBaHHbe AeA,
npo6eAbl
6yxraATepcKoro
B
pacXOmAeHHSI
nporpamme
yqeTa
H
B
o6y'ieHHR
o6ecnemeHHH
noAAep2KKH. COCTaBHTeAH OTqeTOB AOA2KHbl OTpa3HTb, COOTBeTCTBy1OJIHe
BHAbI
npoAyKUHH,
HaCKOAbKO
3a6oTScb
o
AHHeHHOe pyKOBOACTBO OTCAe29uBaeT
KaqeCTBe,
nOTeHUHaAbHO B COCTOHHHH o6HapyKwrb H KOppeKTHpOBaTb c
npoUeccom
npoXOmAeHHH
npaBHAbHO AOKyMeHTHpyIOTCH
KpeAHTOB),
H qTO
H peCiIaiOTCR.
260
npo6AeMbl,
noKaBaTeAJx
KOHTpOAR
(T.e.
BO3HHKaIoJHe npo6AeMbl B CBN3H noCAe Toro
KaK OHH
BCKpblTbl,
ammNBamN InosbrmeHooro pn'cAwa
F7PIAOPEHHE1. 06sop ywpaimemNA lOAIrTJrKa, 178grNaMra H Mipoffegyph
6 npogecc ogeHHBaeTcR no 0 U4HM HOpMaTHBaM AaHHoro yHpe2KAeHHR, xoTopble KpeAHTOB"), BbiAa4H ('HpaBHAa KOpnOpaTHBHblX HOpMaTHBOB npHHHTb (pOpMy
KpeAHTHbiH MOryT
HOpMaTHBOB
OpraHH3agHOHHbIX
B AHHeHHbIX opraHH3aU,HSX
cyEecTByIOH
(HHCTpyJ1UHH,
ApyrHx
H3AO2KCHme nOAHTrHKH rpynnbl) H HOpMaTHBOB
H
BamHbJM KOMnOHeHToM
noApa3AeAeHHA.
AaHHoro 6AoKa npogecCOB qBAReTCR co6AioAeHHe ripaBoBbIx HopMaTHBoB. 6
o6sopa pa6oTbl AaHHoro
AAR npoBeAeHaH
AOKa cAeAyeT pYKOBoACTBOBaTbcR CAeAylou HMH
OCHOBHblMH HanpaBAeHRHMH: *
KopnopalHH
H
opraHH3afaUH *
Hy2KHbI
AHHeHHbIMH
no
6
nOAOmeHHu AaHHbIX noco HH B pa6oTe?
(popMaAbHbic
AH
OCyUgeCTBAeHHA
B
npogeAypbI
onepagHfi
U ApyrHx
mapKCTHHra
6H.3Heca?
HBAHIOTCH AH OHH AOKYMeHTHPOBaHHbJMH
nHCbMeHHbie
HSA02CHHR AH
OHH
Ha
ero
pa6oTHHKaMH?
OTpameHbI
opraHH3aUHH KpeAHTHbWe orpaHH'eHHH (HanpHMep, orpaHHlieHHH
Pa3MCPOB H c(pep
HenocAeAoBaTeAbHocTb
pa3pblBbl,
AH noco6lH
H
OHH
aAeKBaTHbl
H
cTapiiiero
pyKOBOACTBa,
B noApa3AeAeHHH
H nOHHMalrTCR
cyujeCTBYIOujHe B MeCTHOUi npaKTHKe KpCAHTOB)?
HCnoAbsoBaHHH
AaHHOH
npaKTHKe
B
cyu4eCTBY101He
HHX
B
AH
TaKHe npogeAypbi
ECAH
(CyuecTByIoT
ypoBHe
COOTBfTCTBylOUgeM
AAR
noApasAeAeHHH
HaCKOAbKO
nOAO2KeHHfi),
OCHOBHbIX
o6HOBAHIOTCH AH OHH, IHHpOKO AH pacnpOCTpaHeHbI
*
AaHHoro
pa6oTe
CyIXeCTByIOT,
YTBePMAeHbI
AHHeiHaR
AH
HlpHAep2KHBaeTCH
pa6oTHHKaMH?
no
o6HoBAHIOTC.I?
AH
peryApRHO
CeAoM
B
KpeAHTOB
BblAaqe
OHH,
Al
COBpeMeHHbI
AHHeHHbie? AH
HOHHMaIOTCH
HHCTPYKXHH
opraHH3agHH
B
AH
HMCelOTCH
KaKHe-HH6yAb
ECTb AH
B npoUeAypax AaHHorO KOHKpeTHoro noApa3AeAeHHM
HAH B acneKTax KpeAHTHoro npolecca, KoTOpble Heo6xOAHMo (qopMaAH3oBaTb? qBAAHIOTCH AH HCKAIoqeHHM CHCTeMaTHqeCKHMH HAH OHH cropee npCACTaBAHIOT
co6o0
HBAeHHe o6bl'qHoe? HanpHMep, no3BOARIOT AH MeCTHbie npo0eAypbI HMeTb HCKAiO4eHHH nOAyqeHHH CpeACTB no KpeAHTy, eCAH BTO pa3peuieHHe Ha B AOKyMeHTaX npH 6 HCKAiOSeHHe noAnHCaHO MAaAIMHM, a He CTaPLUHM pyKoBOATreAeM KpeAHTHoiU CAy2K bi, OT IBASIOTCH AH CHCTeMaTHieCKHe OTxAOHeHHH HAH aTH CAY"aH HeAOrIyCTHMbl?
HOpMaTHBOB,
npHHHTbIX
B
opraHH3aglHH,
OTpa2KeHHeM
HapyiueHUH
npOCeA.YpblB
nOAPa3AeAeHHRX C ripaBHAbHblM Oq0pOMAeHmeM Ha 6oAee BbICOKOM ypOBHe ynpaBAeHHH? B Tex cAywaS1X, KorAa nOApaSACAeHHe CqHTaeT, %ITO 2KeAaTeAbHO BHeCTH H3MeHeHHH K Tpe6oBaHHHM KpeAHTHOUi nOAHTHKH, Heo6xoAaMo nOAy'IHTb paspeineHHe Ha AaHHoe HCKAIOIeHHe
OT nlpaKTHKH llpHHRTOU npogeAypbi
KpeAHTHOfi
nOAHTHKe.
o6Wee
HIoAroToBbTe
OT COOTBeTCTByIOugerO
Bcex
H3AO2KCHHe
KpaTKOe
KOMHTeTa no npo6AeM,
oTMeCqeHHbIx BO BpeMH [lOAroToBKH AOAaAa (o63opa). *
HaCKOAbKO
KOHCTpyKTHBHO
pa6oTaeT
noApasAeAeeHHe
AaHHOe
c
nOApa3AeAeHHRMH
KpeAHTHOfi nOAHTHKH H cneUHaAH3HpoBaHHbix nOApa3AeAeHHH 6aHKa He TOAbKO TOrAa, 6 KorAa aTorO Tpe6yloT o CTORTeAbCTBa, HO BCKHXU pa3, KorAa TaKoe COTPYAHHqecTBO MO2KeT
oKa3aTbcn
npOTHBOnOAOHYlO
nOAe3HbIM? nosHHllo
HAH
HAH
AaHHoe
nblTaeTCdl
nOApa3AeAeHHe
BCTaTb
B
BcerAa
nOAOmeHHe
Heo6xoAHMOCTH
3aUBHWaTb CBOIO TOIKy 3peHHH C KOHcyAbTaHTaMH, nbITaRCb AOCTH'b cBOHX pbiHKe?
261
3aHHMaeT
CeAeC
Ha
YKpemmeOw *
pywOmOA4CTBa
4ocTaToiHo
N
AH HaAemHO
irappeMeCaM
aOubriuOe qyBCTBNTeAbNOCTR
XpaHRTCR
B noApa3AeACHHH
KOHqPHAeHUHaAbHbie
CBeAeHHR
3aKOHOAaTeAbCTBOM
CLLIA,
KAHeHTOB? *
CorAacyloTc.R
AH
CI)eAepaAbHOH
Pe3epBHoii
rocyAapCTB?
AekCTBHH
COBMeCTHO
nOApa3AeAeHHR
CHCTeMOH
C
CLIA
B
pyKOBOACTBOM
COOTBeCTBHe
3aKOHaM
uiTaTa B
npeAeAaMH
H
HOpMaM
CLHA
peryAHpoBaHHeM
H
o6 3op
npOBeAHTe
3aKOHOAaTeAbCTBa, peryAHpyIouero AeHTeAbHOCTb *
C
6
Bcero
HHOCTpaHHbIX
cyuWeCTByiOgero
aHKOB.
peryAHpOBaHHH.
OTAeAeHHH
AeHCTByIOT Ha OCHOBaHHH
H
(pHAHaAb1
3a
npaBoBoro peryAHpoBaHHR
KaK TaK H MeCTHbIX 3aKOHOB IlTaTOB, B KOTOpbIX OHH pa3MelgalOTCH. aTH 3aKOHbl, OTHOCRIJHeCR K (JHHaHCHpoBaHHIO, KpeAHTOBaHHIO H OCHOBHbIM cpOpMaM AesrTeAbHOCTH,
CILIA,
CAO2KHbl H lOpOil npOTHBOpeqaT 3aKOHaM
*
rocyAapCTBeHHOe Memix
KpeAHTOBaHHe/npaBOBoe
co6AloAeHHH
OnepaDHHM
npaBOBbIX
Y9HTbIBalOT
y'pemAeHHHM
H
CaMOCTO5ITeAbHOH
Bce
AHIaM,
opraHH3agem,
HMeioiiieH
3aeMIgHIY
paP3BHTHR ero
peryAHPOBaHHe
BaAIOTHb1e
BblAaHHbIC
IOPHAH'eCKHM
(TeCT
rOCyAapCTBeHHOH
orpaHHqeHHe KpeAHToBaHHH.
OrpaHHqeHHH KpeAHTbI,
CaMOCTO.ITeAbHO AAR
CLHA.
eCAH
opraHH3agmeA
no orpaHH'eHHIO
a
KOHKPeTHOMy
3aCMIMHK
He
BO3MO2KHOCTb
Ha CaMOCTORTeAbHOCTb). 6H3Heca,
KOHTpOAepbl
AAi
(" eAeBOfi
no
BaAlOTHbIM
rocyAapcTByP
RBAReTCR
TeCT").
CBOH
npogeHT
HCInOAb3OBaHHH
ero
(pHHaHCOBO
o6cAyŽKHBaTb
CCyAHbiH
KorAa
He
H
B HHTepecax
AOAr
nepeAaeTcs3
Aio6oH
BHHMaTeAbHO
ApyroH yqTHTe
KPeAHTHbIX cpeACTB H Tpe6OBaHHH no CorAaCOBaHHIO
Bb[AaqH KpeAHTOB. BoCCTaHoBrNTcAbHoe ylpa&AIeHNe YnpaBAeHHe PHCKaMH H HeOnpeAeAeHHOCTblO, KOTOpOC o6bl'HO aCCO4HHpyeTCH c npo6AeMof Tpe6yeT HHoro, 6oAee HHTeHCHBHOrO nOAxoAa, qeM TOT, qTO HCIIOAb3yeTCR llpH
KpeAHTOB,
io6biqHoM
ynpaBAeHHH".
Ycnex
OnpeAeAHeTcR nOCPeACTBOM IAaccH(PHIHpoBaHHbIX npogecca
HAH
o6cymAeHHe yrpaBAeHHH
H
AOAKHbI
aCCOUHHPYIOTCH
Pe3yAbTaTbi
KpeAHTOB,
OgeHKa
B
HeyAaqa
KOHKPCTHbIX
npHMOrO o630pa COCTOAHHH
KpeAHTOB.
CaMHX
HAH
AaHHOH
rAaBe.
npHKAaAbIBaTbCB
C KOppeKgHeKH
KOPPCKTHBHbIX
IpeACTaBAIIOT
K
CHTyagHH,
OCHOBHYIO
KpoMe
KoppeKTHBHbix
nporpaMM
KpeAHTOB CHHm2eHHOro KatleCTBa,
TOrO,
KOppeKTHBHb!M
AeHCTBHH, TeMy,
aTH
KacaloTcH
KOppeKTHBbl
HAH K OnpeAeAeHHbIM
HOpMaTHBHOrO
KoTopbie
npogeccaM,
HAR OHH
rlOCBRlgaeTcH
KOTOpOH
Tpe6oBaHHHM,
AH
o6biqHo
CBM3aHHbIM C
npeAOCTaBAeHHeM KpeAHTOB B paMKaX KOHKPCTHoro nOApasAeAeHHH.
HlopTqpeAb.
OTqeT 0 KOppeKTHBHbIX
wiarax B ynpaBAeHHH KpeAHTaMH,
npeAnpHHHRTbIX
Ha
YPOBHe noApasAeAeHHSI, AOA2KeH paCCMOTpeTb CAeAYIOU4He aCneKTbl:
*
CTpylnypy (YHKUHH
OTBCTCTBCIHWOCT pacnpeAeAHeTCH
HCnOAb3OBaHHe
-
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb
TaKHM
BceX TaAaHTOB
o6pa3oM,
3a
-1T06b1
onpeAeAeHHble o6ecneFHTb
onepagHHi
H
OnTHMaAbHoe
H cnoco6HOCTeH
nOAPasAeACHHH He TOAbKO B CaMOM AaHHOM iioAp3AeAeHHH, HO H B 6aHKe B geAOM, KorAa aTO Heo6xOAHMO. OHH 'eTKH H noApo6Hbx no H3AO2KeHHIO (B oco6eHHocTH B TeX CAylaqX, KorAa Tpe6yeTcsI KOOPAHHaUHM
HAH COTpyAHH'eCTBO
no YCAOBHM
nOpT(PeA
H cBR3aHbl
c ApyrHMH
noApa3AeAeHHSlMH.
C COCTOqHHeM
262
camoro
OHH peaAHCTH'Hbl
npo6AeMHoro
KpeA.wa
H
aKTirBaMH HoisurBeHHoropmcxa HPHAOiEHHE 1. 06sop yniparAeHijzrK npHOpHTeTOB
BblRCHHTe
nOApa3AeAeHHR.
B TOM,
H YAOCTOBePbTeCb
pa6OTHHKH,
'TO
o6
HaHaxieHHbie OTBeTCTBeHHbIMH 3a pellieHHe KOHKpeTHbIX npo6AeM, 3HaiOT
BTOM
H
B
COCTOHHHH CnpaBHTbCSI C aTOH 3aAaeieH. 4 OCTaTOqHO AH aKTHBHO npHBAeKaioTcH AAR
paMKaX
HCnIOAb3OBaHHH B
*
CTPYKTYPbI COOTBeTCTByioUHe YPOBHH pyKoBOACTBa? BblnOAHReT
063op COC7TOHHHR 40oyMeHTagHH. HlOApa3AeAeHHe
o6 30p COCTOSIHHR
H
KpeAHTaM.
AOKyMeHTHPYeT Pe3yAbTaTbl no HOBbIM, TOAbKO HTO KAaCCH(pHUHpoBaHHbIM 6aHKa no CBR3HiM TaKHe o63opbl AOA2KHbl BbinOAHHTbCH AH6o pa6OTHHKaM
C
06CTOrTeAbCTB,
H
B 3aBHCHMOCTH
COBeTHHKOM-KOHCyAbTaHToM,
AH6o
KAHeHTboM,
peryAHpHoro
B pactuHpeHHe
MaTepHaAbl
6yAyT npeACTaBAHTb co6o0i AOnOAHHTeAbHbie
OT
OTveTa o COCTOSHHHH KpeCHTOB.
*
Jl4aIl!
nlOAb30BaHHs
CAy2Ke6HorO
AAA
Coo6u4 eHH.9
-
MepOHpHHTHH H CpOKH
O
COCTOHHHH ynpaBAeHHH KpeAHTOM, 3aHBAeHHH Ha noAy'eHHe CCYA H COOTBeTCTBYIOU4He MeMOpaH4yMbi nO KpeAHTaM OTpa2KalOT B AOKyMeHTaX 'eTKylO cTpaTerHio peuleHHH IPH BTOM OgeHHBaIOTCH nOTeHUHaAbHbie PHCKH H
Bbi3iBAeHHbIX KpeAHTHb1X npo6AeM.
H
noAo6Hbix
OnpeAeAeHHH AeiCTBH.I.
AAR
nAaHOB
H
yCneLUHOCTH
TaKHe
OTpa?KalOTCA
CBOeBpeMeHHOCTH
paHee CTOHBIIIHe
aHaAH3HPYIOTCR
(B
1eAH
ogeHKy
o beKTHBHyIO
B
2KeAaeMbiH pe3yAbTaT,
Ha
eCAH
HHX
pe3yAbTaTbl,
AOCTHrHyTbie
oco6eHHocTH,
AAM
rIAaHOB
aAbTCpHaTHBHblX
peaAH3aUHH
CpaBHHBalOTCH
AeHCTBHH,
npeAnpHHRTbie
6
npOBeCTH
ApyrHx
HAH
MepOnpHHTHH
AaHHbIX
opHeHTHpOBaHbI
BcerAa
OT'eTbl
nOMO'Ib
'iTo6bi
TOrO,
npeAnoAaraemble
nAaH, B pa3AeA BKAIOiaiOTCH npoMe2myTO-IHbie
BbinOAHeHHH
3aAaIH
H
CPOKH
()HHaAbHbIe
B
H pHCKH.
nOTeHHHaAbHbie CTPaTerHH
AOKyMeHTHpYIOTCH
H
OIJeHHBaioTcH
CTpaTerHH.
aAbTepHaTHBHbie
CMeHbl
B pe3yAbTaTe
o6CTOsrTeAbCTB YCTaHaBAHBalOTCH HOBbie geAH).
*
aeHcTBHH
JocAeQywogfHe
6
AH 0
pa3pa6OTaHHbIx
KOppeKTHBHblX
AeiCTBHH,
COCTOSHHH
aKTHBOB
o63opa
npeAbl4Ayuero
BpeMa
BO
nporpaMM
o630p
HIpoBeAHTe
-
nOBbiLuIeHHOrO pHCKa Ha AaTy noAauH OTqeTOB HAH B pe3yAbTaTe O%eHKH AOnYCTHMOrO YPOBHR pHcKa no aKTHBaM PHCKa H OgeHHTe OTcAe2KHBaHHe H noCAe4YIOU He AeCiCTBHR no
pyKOBOACTBY
COCTOHHHHMH AOA2KHo
HeBo3MOmHOCTb
AOCTH2teHHHR
B
aAbTepHaTHBHbIe
noCTaBAeHHbIX
o6bsIcHeHHSIx. nAaTbi.
aKTHBOB,
TaKme
TaKme
AOCTHrHyTbie
pe3yAbTaTbl.
Ha
BblHBAeHHYMO
6 npo Aemy.
HAH
UeAefi
UeAeHanpaBAeHHbie
3a(PHKCHpoBaHbI
pe3yAbTaTOB
pa3pa6oTaHHble
noApa3AeAeHHA
AefiCTBHH 'eTKO
2meAaeMbix
nOIRCHeHHR
Tpe6yioT
BbICOKOrO YpOBHH pyKOBOACTBa AOA2KHbi 6bITb
*
a
pearHPOBaTb
6blCTpO
HloApa3AeAeHHe
Hy2rAaioTC.I
BTHx
H
6oAee
B nHCbMeHHOH
OpMe. Oco6oro BHHMaHHH 3aCAymHBaeT KOMnOHeHT OUeHKH 6AoKa npoUecCoB. cpaKTopaMH MemKAy pa3AH'He 'eTKoe npoBOAHTb Heo6xoAHMo PeMyAbTami. oKpymaioIefi
cpeAbI
HAH Hecnoco6HOCTb
nOApa3AeAeHHfi,
H AefiCTBHHMH
nOHHTb nOCTaBAeHHbie
geAH.
HanpaBAeHHbIMH
XOTR
6blTb 6blTb ytiTeHO B nAaHe AeHCTBHfi KaK aAbTepHaTHBbI KoppeKTHBHoe ynpaBAeHHe AOA2KHO
6
H
nepBoe H
Ha nOHHMaHHe BTOpOe
MOKeT
(o2KAaeMbie/Heo2mHAaeMbie).
blTb opHeHTHPOBaHo Ha pe3yAbTaTbi (nOBbliueHHe
KaTeropHH aKTHBOB; c6aAaHcHpoBaHHe AeHeCHbIX
cpeACTB H cnHcaHHHi;
yBeAHqeHeHe
BoSBpaTa KpeAHTOB). OUeHKa aTOro 6AoKa He AOAmHa AOnyCKaTb CMellHBWHHR Aio6of cHTyaIHHi H TaKme BblHy4AeHHbIX cAyqafiHbIX c nporpeccoM, a Ae9TeAbHOCTH -4anAaHHpOBaHHbIX AeHiCTBHHi.
263
YEpeaLIeNe pNywoKBOcCT YCHAHH
noApa3AeAeHHR
o movaOr
eIooe vIHN cTjrmHeAbHocrH K oepemCHaN
BOCCTaHOBHTb
cpeAcTBa,
nPH3HaHHbie
nOTepSHHHbMH,
OBeHHBaTbCR C TOYIKH speHHR KaqecTBa H nOCAeAOBaTeAbHOCTH nAaHa
14A1
qaCTHqHbIX
CnHCaHHH
r1AaHbl
AeHCTBHH
ynpaBAeHHio aKTHBaMH nOBbILleHHoro CpeACTB,
KpeAHTHoe
meponpH.9THr
AeAO AOA2KHO
BO3MeiqeHHIO
no
pHCKa. TaM,
KOHKpeTHOH
HIpHHUHnbi
nopTqHeAR
opraHH3allHH
no
CTaTb
B
HAH,
0
nAaHOM
noCAeAHHH
TeKyqjen
TeX
H3 Bcex
CAyqaRX,
pa6oTbl
CTeneHH
COBepmI1eHCTBOBaHHIO
BapHaHTOB
KOrAa
3aKpbITHH Kpe4HmOrO
B paBHOH
Bo3BpaBgeHHR CpeACTB. no
rAe CnHCbiBaeTCH nOAHoe CaAbAO 3aeMHbIX
cOAep2KaTb caMbiH
cpeACTB
3aKpblTblM, BbinHCaHHOe CBHAeTeAbCTBO
Hlpogecc.
AOAMHbI
AOA2KHbl
AeAO
nAaH
CqHTaeTCR
Aa
npHMeHHMbI
co6CTBeHHbIX
K n1pHHUHnlaM
pa6oTbl
onepaCHH
KpeAHTHbIX
H
npOaeCCOB. *
TaKHe me AoxyMeHTHPOBaHHbie
rnAaHbI MeponpHHTHH C yKa3aHHem KOHeYHbIX CPOKOB H
npOMe2KyTOqHbIX KOHTpOAbHbIX CpOKOB AOA2Hbi 6blTb pa3pa6OTaHbi AAR pelieHHR BceX cyWeCTBYMOI4HX
npo6AeM
nOCTpaAaBUIHX KOHTPOAb
HapyuleHHH
(nopameHHbIx)
3a
rlporpaMMbi
H
COCTOHHHeM
MaTpHU
AeAa
KOppeKTHPOBaHHR
H
npoUeCCOB. nomoraloT
o6Aer-iHTb
ero
o6HapymeHHblx
HoKa3aTeAH
OCcyeCTBHTb nocAeAyioujee
HapyllueHHH
Coo6uAeHHe
o6 yxyA4IeHHH
nOArOTOBAeHbi
Pa3ACAbHO
COCTOHHHH
AAA nOPTc
aKTHBOB H
nOBbiiICHHOrO
H AAH pa3pa6oTKH
BKAiOqaTb
KOTOpbWe nO3BOARAH
6bl 3aMeTHTb nporpecc HAH cAeAaTb Heo6xoAHMyIo ogeHKY COCTORHHH *
nOAHbli
OTCAemHBaHHe.
AOA2Hbl
COOTBeTCTBYIOJHe yKa3aHHH H XapaKTePHCTHKH AAH PYKOBOACTBa,
ApyrHX
OT
6oAee
AeAa.
pHCKa AOA2KHbi nAaHOB
6bITb
KOppeKTHBHbIX
AeHCTBHH.
H Ha6 0p
OpraaW3agiiJ
mepcoHaAa
lpoUecc yripaBAeHHR pHCKOM no onpeAeeCHHIo CHAbHO 3aBHCHT OT AiOAeH, 3aHRTbiX aTHM ynpaBAeHHeM, nepcoHaAa.
opraHH3aUHOHHOH
CTpyKTypbI
noApasAeAeHHH
H
KOMneITHTHOCTH
MHeHHe O npollecce yripBAeHHH AOA2KHbI BxIAOiaTb OTHOIIIeHHH
opraHH3aMHH,
nepcoHaAa
MCAeAOBaBTeAbHOCTb
H
ApyrHMH
memAy
OgCHKOH
6AoKaMH KaIeCTBa
npogecca. npogecca
4oAmHa H
H
OnblTa
Me2KAy 6AOKaMH co6AioAaTbcR
KaYCCTBa
nepcoHaAa,
ocyiecTBAHnoujero BTOT npollecc (ApyrHMH CAOBaMH, OgeHKa npogecca AOA2KHa yBH3blBaTbcH c oigeHKOH opraHH3atHH H nepCOHaAa, H Hao6opoT). 14
eTbipe KOHKpeTHbix
6
AOKa, CBH3aHHbIX C opraHHsagHeH H nepcoHaAoM,
paccMaTpHBaioTcsC
H OgeHHBalOTCH no oTAeAbHoCTH: *
opraHH3aUHH H pasMeugeHHe;
*
aAeKaBTHOCTb luTaTHOH yKoMnAexToBaHHOCTH;
*
npeeMCTBeHHOCTb nepCoHaAa;
*
noAroToBKa H o6yqeHHe nepCoHaAa.
OpraHHsBaUHNs *
paBmeU4eHHe
06HZBHNoCT
- OnpeAeAeHbl AH OHH,
npHHHM&IOTCH
HMH,
BHAe
pacnHcaHbi no pa6oTHHKaM, rlOHHMalOTCH AH
XOPOUIO AH OHH HcnOAHRIOTCR?
H o6HOBAHIOSTCH
AH
OT'eTbI,
npOAyKUHH,
264
CyIjecTByIoT
npoigecc
H
AH B nHCbMeHHOM
H (pyHKXHH
KOppeKTHBHbIX
IJPHA OMAEHHE 1.
06sop 1paWA eHNLr arTrsIaMN HO8brhIeHoHro prcxa
MemAy pa
KaK o6q4eHHe
HBAeHHH
rapaHTHH
CAy'aH
AH
Ha6AIoAaioTcH
OTHHKaMH,
nepeKpbIBaHHH
COBnaAalOT
AH memAy
onHcaHHHM
pa6OTHHKOB
AAR
pOpMaAbHOH
CHCTeMbN
H
6
H o H3aHHOCTH RBAAeTca
AH
aoCTaTo9HbIM
(PYHKUHH?
AOA2HOCTHb[X
HX
Apyra
Apyr
(pyHXqHH
co6o0i
COOTBeTCTByIOT AH (YHKaUHH
HeqopMaAbHOH CTPYKTYpbI opraHH3a4UH?
All TaKHe
yHK%H,H
pasAH'HbIe
BbInOAHlIOlIHMH
'aCTHiHOrO
BbIn0AHeHHH?
HX
6
IOO4pRHYTCSI
nOAAep2KKH OTHOUeHHH?
AeHCTBHH? AeHCTBYIOT AH CHCTeMbI
KOHTpOAb 3a HX HCnOAHeHHeM?
*
MaTpmga - He MeHee BamKHa CTpyKTypa BHelllHHX cBR3eH opraHH3aIHH. HacKoAbKo yIaCTByeT B HHHUHaTHBaX cBoeH OTpaCAH
noApa3AeAeHHHMH, ApyrHMH opraHH3aUHHMH,
H ToproBbix rpynnax? CTpaAaeT AH opraHH3alHH OT HeAOCTaTKa
Apyrix
3aAa'ax
0
nepcoHaAe
AeRTeAbHOCTH, 6
Ha
BAHHHHe
OKa3bIBaiogHx
opraHH3agHfi,
bIAO cAeAaHO B CaMOH
J OAe3HbNH 17pOBepOYHbIH rcr:
opraHH3agHH
pa6OTHHKH
HHqOpMHpoBaHbl
HacKOAbKO
COTpy4HH'eCTBa HAH
7
TaKoro nOAO2KeHHH?
YCTpaHeHHH
AAR
6
H ITO
HH4pOpMaUHH CO CTOpOHbI ApyrHx rpynn, opraHHsagHiH OpraHH3aUHH
ApyrHMH
C
COTPyAHHLaeT
H
YCHAHH
KOOPAHHHpyeT
opraHH3agHH
aqXpeKTHBHO
H
AaHHOH
H3Hec
OpraHm3auHH?
*
PasMeugeHue
-
mMeiOUjHXCR
BCeX
HcnOAb3oBaHHe
OnTHMaAbHOe
AH
O'eBHAHO
B
6
opraHH3agHH pecypCoB? BcerAa AH BeAeHHC HaH6oAee CA02KHbIX H npo AeMHbiX CmeTOB CaMbiM
nopy'iaeTcH
AH
COOTBeTCTBYIOT
HX
no
3aAaHHH
nOArOTOBKH
KBaAH(PHKaUHH
YPOBHIO
o6igeMy
3aKAIOteHHf,
H
oT'eTOB
nOArOTOBKH
o6AacTH
B
Harpy3Ka
pacnpeAeAAeTcrc
paBHOMepHO
HacKOAbKO
COTpyAHHKaM?
RBaAH¢HUHpOBBaHHbIM
opraHH3agHH? yKOLinAaKTO3aHHJl
AAeicKaTHOCTh
CTpaTerHH
OCHOBe
Ha
OgeHHBaTbCH
AOAmHa
geAeBoro
XapaKTepHCTHK
yKOMn.AeKTOBaHHOCTH
ee AeAOBOA
OpraHH3aMHH,
pblHKa
LUTaTOB
CAO?KHOCTH C4eTOB. HH2Ke nepe'HCAeHbI HeKOTOpb1e
onepaUHOHHOH
KpeAHTHOHi H
H
AAeKBaTHOCTb
[UTaTOB.
|paKTopbi, KOTOpbIe AOA2KHbi 6blTb yqTeHbI B BTOM Bonpoce:
*
nepcoHaAa B YpoBeH, )TepcofaAa. CyigeCTByeT AH aAeKBaTHOCTb YKOMriAeKTOBaHHH COOTBeTCTByeT 3aAaqi? H opraHHsagHH AAR peiueHHR eC2IeAHeBHbIX TeKyujHx npo6AeM AH
no
Harpy3Ka
OCHOBHOMy
Cx1eTaM
HanpaBAeHHIO
AaHHOro
AeHTeAbHOCTH
nOApa3AeAeHHH ? *
6 Onubr. CorAacyeTCR AH o u4Hfi OnbIT H YPOBeHb nOArOTOBAeHHOCTH no KpeAHTHbIM onepagUHM c COOTBeTCTBy1OJIHM YPOBHeM APyrHX opraHH.3aUHf H nOApa3AeAeHHii,
3aHHMaioL,qHxcH Ha PbIHKe TeMH me npo6AeMaMH? *
3
HaHmH.
H4MeeTCH B
Heo6XOAHMbl
HAH
KOHKpeTHblx
y
AOCTaTO'iHbIii
nepcoHaAa
pa6oTe
TexHH'IeCKHX
H4eM
nOApa3AeAeHHlO?
AaHHOMy 3HaHHU,
TeM
Tpe6yeTcR
6OAbllle
CTaHOBHTCR
Bam2HbIM
6oAee
o6AaCTH,
KOHKpeTHOH
B
OnbIT
HaAHqHe
B
6
KOAAeKTHBe KOHKpeTHbIX CneHHaAHCTOB H TeM 6oAee Ba2KeH 0 igHH ypOBeHb 3HaHHII H OnbITa Bcex pa6oTHHKoB.
*
FlpeAnoAaraeTc.l
MapKeTHifra.
CTparer7w aKTHBHOCTH
Ha PbIHKe opraHHagHA
yBeAH'ieHHe
KoAH'eCTBa
AH,
MTO
pe3yAbTaTe
pHCKa?
IlAaHHpyeT
coxpaHHTb YPOBeHb pa3BHTHH 6e3 HsMeHeHHii B CAeACTBHe YCAOBHUi paCTH
-IHCAO
H
CAOMHOCTb
6
npo AeMbIHX
265
KpeAHTOB?
nOBbliueHHH
pOCT H paClUIHpeHHe
noAy'qHT 6blCTpblHi
aKTHBOB nOBbrlneHHOrO
B
ECAH
c'eTOB
H
AH opraHH3aM[iR cpeAbi? ByAeT AH
H3MeHeHHR
CBSIlaHHbie
c
YxpeHAeHHe pyKor,O4CTRa oH I7oRMlrNeHHe IyRCTRH
eAhHcrTN r HepemeHam
nepcoHaAOM He MoryT ocyJgeCTBAHTbCR oqeHb onepaTHBHo, 9pe3BblxaHiHO Ba2KHO, xT06bN AaHHaH
OpraHH3saHH
IIPOAeMOHCTPHPOBaAa
onepe2KaioWee
I1AaHHpOBaHHe
pOCTa
noTpe6HoCTH B pa6oTHHKax.
He
nyTaliTe
aAeKBaTHOCTb
yKOMnAeKTOBaHHOCTH
ulTaTOB
H
nepcoHaAa.
pacnpeAeAeHHe
AAeKBaTHoCTb OTBeqaeT Ha BOnpOC, AOCTaTOIHO AH y BaC HMeeTCH AIOAeH H COOTBeTCTByIOJ1HX 3HaHHH AAs
pa6oTbl. Pa3MeujeHHe OTB3e1aeT Ha BOnpOC, HaCKOAbKO Bqc(PeKTH1HO HcnoAb3ymOTcR
HMelO1gHeCH B BaiueM paCnOp3R2KHHH AIOACKHe H ApyrHe pecypcbl.
JpeemcmeHHocTh HepcomaAa HlpeeMCTBeHHOCTb OpraHH3aUHH,
FepeMeHbi
nepcoHaAa
caMH
OTHOCHTCH
KaK
K
COXpaHeHHH KOHKpeTHbIX AHR,
TaK H B
no
ce6e
He
HBAHIOTCH
H3MeHeHHIO
COCTaBa
nepcoHaAa
B
pa6oTaioujHX C KOHKpeTHbIMH cqeTaMH.
He2KeAaTeAbHbIM
HBAeHHeM,
TeM
He
MeHee
nlpeeMCTBeHHOCTb onlbITa KaK B KOHKpeTHOH o6AaCTH, TaK H Ha PbIHKe HAH B OTHOUIeHHHX c KAHeHTaMH
RBAHeTCH
HlpeeMCTBeHHOCTb CqeTOB
B
KAIO'eBOH BeAeHHH
3a npOII1Abie
H 3aAaHHH
3aAameA
CqeTOB
ycnelUHoro
onpeAeAHeTCq
nfPHOAbI
ynpaBAeHHH
opraHH3aMHef.
npOCMOTpOM
CnIHCKOB
COCTORHHH
KpeAHTHbIX
H OUeHKOH
pacnpeAeAeHHH AeA.
DqJXJeKT
H3MeHeHHH C'eTOB HAH CMeHbI pa6OTHHKOB - I1AOXOH HAH XOpOIIIHH - Ayq'lle Bcero H3MepHeTcR Ha OCHOBaHHH XapaKTepHCTHKH nOCAeAyKoigHX npOgeCCOB. IAe
nAaHHPYIOTCH
npeAnoAaraloTC3/He H3MeHeHHHM pa6oTy
HAlH
He
npeAnoAaraoyrcs
opraHH3agHm?
opraHH3agHH?
YAaqHo
B3 bIAH
HaCTy11AeHHR HeHpeABHAeHHbIX
AH
nAaHHpyIoTCq,
ynpaBARIIoTCR/He
acXperKTHBHO
H3MeHeHHH H T.A.? AH
npeABHA$TcR
CAy'aH
AaBAeHHH
3a6AaroBpeMeHHoro
ynpaBARioTcH,
AH aAaFITHpyeTC.R
KOHKypeHTHoro
nAaHHPOBOHtH
o6CTOHTeAbCTB H peaAH3OBbIBaAHCb Al
pblHKa
K Ha
BOSMO2KHOCTH
flAaHbl HX nlpeOAOAeHHH
(HanpHMep, cyI1eCTByeT AH H pa6oaeT AH cxema noAAep2KKH B BeAeHHH CqeTOB H BbinoAHeHHH ApyrHx 3aAaHHA, eCAH B aTOM BO3HHKHeT Heo6xOAHMOCTb)?
O6y,-eHHe N FloAroToBKa.
JO4'rOBorKa
OcyIgeCTBAReMaH
B nopHAKe HaCTaBHHqeCTBa HenOCpeACTBeHHO
Ha pa6omeM
MecTe, B pa6oMeM nopAKe e2KeAHCBHo 6oAee OnbITHbIMH pa6oTHHKaMH n1OArOTOBKa [JpOXOAHT B (JOpMe yKa3aHHA, AH4Horo npHMepa, peryAHpHbIX 6eceA a TaKme co6eceAoBaHHiu, BO BspeM KOTOpblX
AaeTcH
npeCTaBA3ieT
ogeHKa
caMylO
pe3yAbTaTOB
Ba2KHYIO
pOpMy
pa6oTbl o6ymeHUH
H
ocyLMeCTBAReTcH
nepcoHaAa.
IOAe3HblA
aqXpeKTHBHO 6oAee OnbITHbIC H CTapw1He pa6OTHHKH noAAep2KHBalOT, KAIOteBbie
3aAa'IH
q3OpMaAbHbIe
H
COAep2KaTeAbHbIe
nporpaMMbi o6ytieHHH,
MOMeHTbi
HacKOAbKO
nOArOTOBKH
o6paTHaR
H
HaCKOAbKO
nOHHMalOT H yKpenAHlOr
o6yqeHHRn,
OHH cnoco6cTByIoT
TeCT:
CBH3b,
BKAioqeHHbie
yKpenAeHHlo
B
HOpMaTHBOB,
cBH3aHHbIX C Ka2KAbiM pa6O-HM MeCTOM H KamAbiM npogeccoM? HIoAmTepmAeHHeM 3anHCb B AeAe,
KTO
o6y"eHHz. npogecc
o6yqeHHRn
e2KeAHeBHOH
npeACTaBAHouaH IIPOBOAHT
noAy'eHHH
Ha KaKOM
aKTHBHOH
YPOBHe
nOArOTOBKe
H
HacKOAbKO
OHO
KpeAHTaMH
H
HaCTaBHHiCeCTBO,
PHCKaMH
H
266
H o6yqeHHlo
OpMaAbHOrO
a()4IeKTHBHO
AH
HCIAbwyewTC
npoBeAeHuH
KaK peryAHpHO?
HBAaeTcH
npOBeAeHHH oeHKH
aw4eKTHBHO?
Ha BblAaMy KpeAHTa KaK BO3MO2KHOCTb
npOBOAHTCI TaKoe
ynpaBAeHHe
no
co6o0i AOKyMeHTagU1 oAH A
TaKoe o6ytieHHe
oAo6peHH.
pa6oTbl
o6y"eHRR?
BKAioqaioT
AeiCTByeT
AH
CHCTeMa
AH UeAH OUeHKH
HPHAOirWEHHE 1. 06swp ywpaBAeHHU aAwrKaMm uOubrIHHoro pacwa C
cBR3aHHOH
pa6oTbl,
C
OTHOiuIeHHU
cAym6
PYKOBOAHTCAH
MeAHx
Ha
OTpam2aiOU4YIOCH
KAHeHTaMH,
CBH3b
o6paTHyiO
AH
nOAyqaIOT
HanpHMep,
saAa'aMH?
aTHMH
ynpaBAeHHH
KpeAHTaMH H pHCKaMH? O6yqeeHe.
nporpammy
OpraHH3agHR
qpOpMaAbHOrO
o6yieHH.9
'qepe3
KypCbl,
TpyAHOCTH.
IporpaMMa
AOA2KHa
HMeTb
nOBbIIUICHHOH
AOBeAeHa A0 CBeAeHHA BCeX YHe6HbIe
cAyuiaTeAeH.
B
Heo6xoAHMbIx
AaHHOH
pa6oTe
nPOBOAHTb
Bblr[OAHCHHH
CeMHHapbl,
BbinOAHCHHH
CPOKH
H
H
3aAaHHH
AOA2!Ha
6blTb
OCyujeCTBARIOU4HX CBH3b C KAHeHTaMH, H A0 Bcex
pyKOBOAHTeAcH,
nporpaMMb!
O()OpMHTb
AOKyMeHTaAbHO
AOA2KHa nOArOTOBHTb,
yBH3aHbl
6bITb
AOA2KHbi
peaAH3aUHH
4AH
opraHH3agHH
C
CHCTeMOH
HaBbiKOB,
ee
pbIHO'HbIX
3aAaq
H
06y'eHHH,
B
CTpaTerHH. o6yHeHHeM
YnpaBAeHHe
TaKEme
AOA2fHO
pe3yAbTaToB
OeCHKy
OXBaTbiBaTb
'IaCTHOCTH CBH3b pe3yAbTaTOB C KOHKpeTHbIMH 3aAaRaMH opraHH3aIHH. H
npHeMbi,
KOTOpblMH
o6y'aeMble
oBAaAeAH
B
pe3yAbTaTe
5
IBARIOTCH AH cpeACTBa
6
o y'CHHH,
H
npHCMAeMbIMH
Ha HX pa6o']HX MeCTaX B opraHH3aIHH?
oAo6peHHblMH
O0eHxa yjIpawAeHn.u PHCKaMH
YnpaBAeHHe OCyU4eCTBARIOTCH
Hpoffeccor pHcKa 6 Co oH Ha6opa
He npeACTaBAHCT
B HCKOeM
Pa6oTaR
BaKyyMe.
OpopMaAbHbIX
BMeCTe C AHHeHHbIM
ACHCTBHH,
pYKOBOACTBOM,
KOTOpbWe pa6oTHHK,
rOTOBSIWHH OUeHKY, nbiTaeTCR OnpeAeAHTb pHCK, MHHHMH3HPOBaTb H CMHirHTb nOTepH, rAe STO B03Mom2HO. OgeHKa
ycnexa
co6oA onpeAeAeHHe
nIpeACTaBAIIOT
BeAHqHHY cnHcaHHH,
H BO3MO2KHbie
npeAnoAaraembix
o6beM pe3epBOB/(pOHAOB,
3aTpaTbi).
HMeHHO BTHX 3aAaH.
CBH3aHa C OCylgeCTBAeHHCM
TaKHM o6pasoM,
H AeCHCTBHTeAbHblx
aKTHBOB,
BbIpa2CHHb1X
6oAbimee
aTO He'To
B
xiaCTHOCTH, OHH
noTepb (HanpHMep,
B HaAHHHbIX CpeACTBaX
HeM npOCTOH nHCbMeHHbIi
OTqeT.
rHpH
npaBHAbHOM OCyUjCCTBAeHHH,
HCCAeAoBaHHRMH
o6ocHoBaHHoe
OeHKa npogecca npCACTaBAHcT co6oi rIOATBep2KAeHHoe
yKa3aHHe
H pe3yAbTaTHBHOCTb
Ha COCTORHHC
HanpaBAeHHoro
OCYWeCTBAeHHB ynpaBAeHHR pHCKaMH. 3TH OgeHKH BbIXOART 3a paMKH q)OpMbi, 3anOAHReMoH B cpaHAe.
OHH npeACTaBARIOT Co6oH OTpa2KeHHe AeHCTBHTeAbHbIX
e2KeAHeBHOH
pa6oTbl AAM
ero onpeAeAeHHM
npaBHAbHOH
CpOpMbI
H KOHTpOAH. o0geHKH,
HO
nOHMTb
3HanHMOCTb
MbICAb,
MTO OCeHKC nOAAe2KHT He npOCTO ipopMa pa6oTbl.
267
3
co6bITHA H npoeCCCOB pHCKa H
To roBOpHTCH
npOCTO
AAR
TOrO,
He TOAbKO, 9TO6bi
6
HTO bi
Bbipa3HTb
I
i i
Ii I
IJPHAOiEHHE2. YH7PABAEHHE AKTTHBA MH H Ob'5I3A TEAbCTBAMH AiBHA CICOT
PHcx npogeHTHOH CTaBKH npeACTaBASeT co6ofi Cnoco6 cTpyrTypHpoBaHHH
o6s3aTeAbcTBaMH
KpaTKOCpOMHbIMH
nepemeHHyo
HMelOJgHMH
o6s3aTeAbcTBaMH,
AH6o
npogeHTHyio CTaBKy. HOCKOAbmy KPHBaR AOXOAHOCTH B 6oAbmLIHHcTBe cAyiaeB
(ruaBaslouo)
HMeeT TeHAeHUHIO flOAHHMaTbCH BBepx, npH 6oAee HH3KHX CTaBKaX nro KpaTKOCPOiHbiM sem
no
ero
cTaBKy,
( HKCHPOBaHHyio
HMelOIIHe
aKTHBbl,
AOArOCpOmHbie
qHHaHCHpyeT
KOTOpbliH
OnpeAeIATb
npHMepoM HsBA3eTcH 6aHK,
HaH6oAee THnHsfHbIM
cTaBKe.
nocpeAHHgecTBa.53
6yAeT
CBOHX aKTHBOB H o6R3aTeAbcTB,
6aHKoM
pHcKa no npOUeHTHOH
nOAO2KeHHe
CAeACTBHe (HHaHCOBOro
npH6blAb,
noAy-iaIoT
6aHKH
AoArOCpOsHbIM,
qoHAaM pbIHKaX
Ha
qIOHAbl
3aHMCTBYH
KpaTKOCPO-IHbIX CpeACTB H KpeAHTPyH HX Ha pblHxaX AOAroCpOmHOrO KanHTaAa. CTpaTerHH
TaKoiH
FIpH
3apa6aTbiBaeMble 6aHKoM Ha AoArocpo-]Hblx aKTHBax 6yAyT
KaK CTaBKH, paCTH, B TO BpeMx OTHOCHTeAbHO
cnpeA
OKa3aTbCR
OCTaeTCR
6
'T0
pa3pbiB
o6CTOHTeAbCTBaX
OnIpeAeAeHHbJX
Ha o6H3aTeAbcTBa MomeT cTaTb OTPHUaTeAbHbIM. 6aHKOBCKHil
nOAO2KHTeAbHbIM,
HeAocTaTOqHbhIM,
B
(PHKCHpOBaHHbIMH.
MeCAy AOXOAaMH OT aKTHBOB H 3aTpaTaMH ECAH
ECAH
CTaBKH.
CTaBKa npoUeHTa 6yAeT nOAHHMaTbCH, CTOHMOCTb 6aHKOBcKHx CpeACTB 6yAer
KpaTKOCPORHaH
OCTaBaTbCR
nppOgeHTHOH
H3MeHeHHH
pHCK
y4HTbIBaeT
6aHK
no
AOXOA
bi noKpbITb Bce ero HaKAaAHbie
HeTTo-npoueHTy
pacxoAbI,
MO2KeT
'ITO noBAemeT
3a
6
co6o0i y bITKH, pa3beAaioIl4He KanHTaA.
BeAeT AH AeuCTBHTeAbHoe pHCKOBoe nOAO2KeHHe 6aHKa K BO3HHKHOBeHH1o npo6AeM 6yAeT 3aBHCeTb OT ABH2KeHHH
BOcxoAaiee
COXpaHwrb
cBoe
MeHRAacb,
cTpaTerHH
6blTb
ypOBH.R
AOXOAHOCTH
ECAH 6bl KPHBsa
6ecKoHe'Ho,
H
eCAH
3aHMOB H AoArocpO-iHbIX
CBo6oAHOH
nlpH6blAH,
OT pHCKa. Ho
6
H3MeHeHHH
B KOHTeKcTe pHCKOBoU
npOAOAmaAa
npoUeHTHasi
bl
KpeAHTOB
He
cTaBKa
BcerAa 6bwa 6bl
KPHBaH AOXOAHOCTH
npOMeHTHbWe CTaBKH Tome MeHHIOTCH.
H
BOCXOA9IJI44eH,
6ecKoHeqHo
nOTeHUHaAbHOrO
nOAO2KeHHe
KpaTKOCPO4HbIX
nIoAyqeHHH
HCTOiHHKOM
ero npOieHTHOH CTaBKH.
He Mo2KeT
HMeHHO
B4CKT
nO3HUHH 6aHxa no npomeHTHoN
CTaBKe RBAReTCH HCTOqHHKOM TpeBor AAR q)HHaHCOBOrO ynpaBAeHHS. OCHOBHOH RBAReTcR
onpeAeAHiolgHHH
CTeneHb
HecorAacoaHHOCTb
MOMeHT
pHCXoBoi
HeCOrAaCOBaHHOCTH OTHOCHTCH
K
B
BpeMeHHb1M
no
noO3HUHH
6aHKa
cpoKax
aKTHBOB
nepHOAaM,
B
npoUeHTHoH
o6sI3aTeAbCTB.
H
TeqeHHe
cTaBKe
KOTOpbIX
54
Mo2KleT
npoHwOHTH H3MeHeHHe npogeHTHoH CTaBKH no aKTHBaM HAH no o6s3aTeAbcTBaM. Ha caMom AeAe Bce 6aHKH HMelOT onpeAeAeHHylo HecorAacoBaHHocTb. CAeAoBaTeAbHo, 6aHKH HecyT pHCK no npoUeHTHOH cTasKe H Moryr 6blTb noABeprHyrbl
53 AaHHoe nlpHAo2meHHe RBAZeTCR OTpblBKaMH HS pa6oTbi 54 3a6aAaHcoBbie KoHTpaKThi TaKme 6 yAyT oxasblnBaT CTaBKH.
3
cpelcTBa UeRHHme
a6aAaHCoBbie KOHTpaKTbl MOrYT BbICTynaTb
B ipeAHTr
no
qHKCHPoBaHHoH
A.
CKoTa
HanpHMep,
cTaBKe) HAH KaK o6m3aTeAbCTBa (TaKHe
4HKCHpOBaHHy 6yMarH, HMCeOlUen
HtMmeHeHH
(1991 r.).
BAHMHHe Ha nosHUHIo
KaK aKTHBbl (Kai,
pHCKY
6
aHKa no
pHcry
npoUewTHoi
o6nsaTeAbcma npeA4OCTaBHT
KaK o6zsaTeAbcTBa npoAaTm
CTaBKY B onpeAeAeHHoe Bpemg B 6yAyMeM). POUpoCeHTHYIO
269
Bce
YJxpenfAeHNc PJ'KOBOOA'CTBa H ffOBhIrreHNHA
npogeHTHoH aKTHBaMH
H
npogeHTHOi H
B
B
cTaBKH.
cTpaHax,
o6R3aTeAbCTBaMH
Ho
CTaBKH.
CTpaHaX,
rAe
rAe
TaKaHi
qy3CTRNTHeAHOCTN hK HepeMeHaN
CTaBKa
e2KmeHeBHO
onpeAeAReTCH c
CTaAKHBaioTcR
pbIHKOM,
ynpaBAHsou4He
nOCAeACTBHHMH
H3MeHeHHH
OeHb Ba2KHO npH3HaTb, 'TO pHCK no npoUeHTHoH CTaBKe cyIjecTByeT
CTaBKa
YCTaHaBAHBaeTCsq
aAMHHHCTpaTHBHO,
Aa2Ke
Aio6oe
OCTaIOTCH (pHKCHpOBaHHbIMH B Te'ieHHe AAHTeAbHOrO BpeMeHH.
KOrAa
'HCAO
BTH
CTaBKH
(paKTOpOB MO2KeT
npHBeCTH K H3MeHeHHIO BTHX CTaBOK. 1H TaKHe H3MeHeHHH nOBAHRIOT Ha (PHHaHCOBble yCAOBHR opraHH3agHi,
pa6oTaIouI_Hx
Ha AaHHOM PbIHKe B 3aBHCHMOCTH
lIaCTo
pHCKa H3MeHeHHH npogeHTHOH CTaBKH.
nOCAeACTBHH
OT HX nO3HMHH OTHOCHTeAbHO
H.3MeHHHSH
TaKHX cTpaHax MOryT OKa3aTbcR 6oAee HpKO BbipameHHbIMH,
npOjeHTHoH
CTaBKH B
nOCKOAbKy pyKoBoAHTeAH 6aHKoB
HMelOT MaAbiH npeAllCCTBYIOUgHH OnbIT B ynpaBAeHHH pHCKOM no npogeHTHOH CTaBKe. XOpOmUHe
ynpaBAHou_He
aKTHBaMH
H
o6s3aTeAbcTBaMH
MOryT
HcnOAb3OBaTb
HeCKOAbKO
npHeMOB OIPeAeAeHHH cTeneHH pHCKa, nbITHCb OgeHHTb 6 B KaKoH cTeneHH moryT 6bITb 3a4eTbi HX 6yAyu4He AOXOAbi nOTeHUHaAbHbIM ABHmeHHHeM npOUCHTHOH CTaBKH. KamAbif npHem TaKHX H3MepeHHH HMeeT
OCHOBbIBaeTCsl Ha ynpOIIeHHbIX AOnyIjeHHRX
CBOH
cAa6bie
Heo6xOAHMo
CTOpOHbI.
cepbe3Hoe
H
flo
BTOH
npH-IHHe,
o6ocHoBaHHoe
H, TaKHM o6pa3oM, Aa2Ke
cy6beKTHBHoe
B
CaMbIX
KamAbIH npHem
Ay'qIIHX
AAm
cy2KAeHHe
BapHaHTax
HHTepnpeTal1HH
H3MepeHHH pHCKa. TOAbKO OCHOBHbIM
OnPeAeAeHHaH npH
HH(POpMaUHR
H3MepCHHH
pHCKa
HBAHCTC.I
no
OCHOBOH
npOUeHTHOH
Bcex
AAA
CTaBKe
HBAHeTCH
o AaTax H3MeHeHHH BeHbi npoUeHTHbIX CTaBOK HaHHe Toro, KorAa MO2KCT H3MeHHTbCM npOUeHTHaH
TOMHOCTb HHq)OpMaUHH o6HsaTeAbcTBa.
3
o6a3aTeAbCTBa,
OMCHb
CYU4CCTBeHHO AAA onpeAeAeHHH
npHeMOB
H3MepeHHH.
CBOeBpeMeHHOCTb
H
Ha 6aHKoBcKHe aKTHBbi H CTaBKa Ha Bce aKTHBbI H
nO.3HUHH pHCKa 6aHKa,
CBH3aHHorO
C
H3MeHeHHeM npogeHTHOH CTaBKH. HaH6oAee nacTo HCnOAb3yeMbI KOTOpOC CAY2KHT aKTHBOB
H
Ha4aAOM
HCXOAHOH
o6M3aTeAbCTB,
(ycTaHoBAeHbl
npHeMbi H3MepeHHH pHcKa BKAIo'aioT npocToe coo6feHHe,
npogeHTHbie 3
Ha HOBOM ypoBHe).
B HeM coo6uaioTcM pa3AH HbIe o6beMbi
HHcPOpMaUHH. CTaBKH
no
KOTOpbIM
To coo6uleHHe o6bVqHO
MoryT
6blTb
H3MeHeHbl
"Oo6ujeHHe
HOCHT Ha3BaHHe
O
pa3pblBe npOgeHTHbIX CTaBOK
(H3-sa pa3pbIBOB BO BpeMeHH H3MeHeHHH npOUeHTHbIX CTaBOK
Ha
FloralueHHe
aKTHBbI
H
o6a3aTeAbcTBa.
aKTHBOB
H o6s3aTeAbCTB
B pa3AH'qHble
nepHOAbI
BpeMeHH B 6yAyiMeM Bbl3blBaeT TaKoH paspblB ( ran" - gap) AAA KamAoro nepHoAa. YMHomaM rHnOTeTH'qeCKHe
H3MeHeHHM
-iyBCTBHTeAbHoCTH
6yAyugHx
cAeAyioigero BpeMCHHoro
no
Ha
BeAHqHHy
HeTTo-AOxOAOB
no
pa3pblBaa,
o6bIlqHO HcnOAb3y]OTC.
npOjaieHTHOH
CTaBKe
Ha
HecKOAbKO KBapTaAOB HAH Ha CAeAyiOL_qHH rOA.
AAA OUeHKH
CTaBKe
Ha
mepy
npoTHMeHHH
nOTeHUHaAbHbIX H3MeHeHHH
OTpe3OK
BpeMeHH,
o6biqHO
B Ha
coo6iMeHHA o pa3pbiBax HMeiOT TeHAeHUHIo
6bITb AOBOAbHO HeTO'IHbIMH H HHorAa Ae3opHeHTHpyIOUJHMH.
55
noAyqaeT
pa3pblBy.
6AHmKaHfHH
Ho
ynpaBAeHHe
npoUeHTHoH
nepHoAa, K COOTBeTCTBYIOi_qeMy
Coo6WeHHe o pa3pbIBee HeTTo-AOXOAaX
CTaBOK
55
Hanpumep, oTieTbl 0 pagpblBax maCTO rpynnHpy1OT BMeCTe HCe onepaJHH no HsMeHeNHHIo
]eHbl Ha aRTHHBb
H o6S3IaTeAbCTBa B TeUeHHe oAHorO KaAeHAapHorO KBapTaAa HAH Aame KaAeHAapHoro roAa, o6paiMancb C HmH Tax,
xax
6
yATo 6bl
BCe
BpeMeHH, 3axBa'ieHHblH
BO
4
eM AOA8bUe nepHOA BpeMeHHble paMKH, TeM BbIlie cTenellHb HecoBnaaeHHA (HeTo'mocm). AaAbHeime
8TH CTaBKH MeHRIOTCR
AeHCTBHTeAbHO B OAHO H TO me BpeMq.
270
HPHA OiEHHE2. 3
AOAAmHbi
o6a3aTeAbHO
pa3pa6oTaHbl
6
HO
npOCTbIC,
bITb
CTaBKH. OHH
HcnOAb3yl0oJIHX pa3AHMHbIC npOgeHTHbie
apXHCAo2KHbIMH MO4AC
a("eKTHBHbIe
mpe3BbiqaHHo
HAH
B b JAH
AoporHMH. Ha
HCr1OAb3OBaHHA
AA51
cTaBOK B
OT nlpogeHTHbIX
HeTTO-AOXOAbI
MoAeAH n1pOcKTHPYIOT 6yAyIHe
MHTaUHOHHbIe
pamKax Ha6opa pa3AH'HbIX cUeHapHeB, He
YnipazrAeHjNe aAETHaMN N o6HDareACTba/MN
nepCOHaAbHbIX
KOMnbiorepax. Boo6uge, MOAeAH HCnOAb3yIOT HHq)OpMagHIO Toro 2Ke THna, 'TO
npHCYTCTBYeT B
B
CyUgeCTBYIOJgHX
coo6u3eHHRx
0
npoUeHTHbIX
CTaBKaX,
MoA2IeAH
MoryT
ce6e
no3BOAHTb
nOAyqeHHM
H
BblnAaTbI
CTaBKaX,
npOgeHTHbIX
CylgeCTBYIOIgHx
a
o6H3aTeAbcTBa,
H
HaqHHaH TaKmte
HCXOAH
H,
AOXOAOB
aToro
npogeHTHbIM
TeKyIgHM
6
aKTHBaMH H o M3aTeAbCTBaMH. aKTHBbl
Ha
MeH
no
HHOpMpmagHio
HcnOAb3OBaTb
KpoMe
KHHrax).
6yxraATepcKHx
6aHKOBCKHx
O AaTe nepecMoTpa
HHPOpmaMHH
BTOH
B
OTpa2KeHHblX
KoTopbIe accogHHpyIOTCH C cyUeCTBYI0O1HMH
cTaBKaM, C
BbH3bIBaIOUHe
(xapaKTepHCTHKH,
pa0pbiBax
H3MeHeHHR
o H3
AOnyu4eHHM O 6yAylgHx riOoeHTHb1X CTaBKaX (TO-eCTb CTaBKax, Ha KOTOpbIe 6yAyT H3MeHeHbI
MOrYT
PeByAbTaTbi
CTaBOK.
AOXOAOB OT cyujecTByionei
6aHKa
cnoco6HOCTH
cBoeBpeMeHHOCTb
cyujeCTBYIOUHHMH
AOXOAOB
CBOHX
OTCAe2KHBaHHH
MOIIHOCTb
yqeTa
aKTHBOB
KoTopbie
06bl4HO
Heo6xOAHMoH
H
Ho
o6s3aTeAbcTB.
UeH,
pacXOAOB
B
CBM3aHHbIX
no
6aHKOBCKHM
pacqeTOB
Heo6xOAHMyIO
CTaBKe qBAReTCR
AAM geAblH
BpCMH H HMeioT pa-myio me MHOrHe 6aHKH
HpaKTH'eCKH
HHcPOpMaUHH.
HCnOAb3yeT
'aCTO
BaHK
C
TeKYUIjHX
npHMeHMeMoH
6aHKe,
B pa3Hoe
npHo6peTaIoTcH
He
AAR xopoiiieH CHMyAgHOHHOHi
npHOPHTeToM AAR MHorHx 6aHKOB
BTOH inpH'IHHe nepBbIM 1uaroM H HaH6OAbJIHM
npH OUeHKe pHcKa nop npogeHTHoH
H
aKTHBbI
HH(OpMaUHH
BcerAa moryT noAyqHTb OCHOBHyIO HHCpopMaAHIO, MOAeAH.
H3MepeHHR.
npogecc
riocTynaeT OT aBTOMaTH3HPOBaHHbIX
o6pa6oTKH
H
ABAReTCH
AAM 6oAee CAOŽKHOrO aHaAH3a,
H,
6aHKoBcKHe
HH()OpMagHM
TaKaH
nOAymeHHM
AAM
Ha
CTaBKOH,
H3MeHeHHH
AaT
KacaeTcH
H o6H3aTeAbCTBaMH,
pa3AH4Hbix
CHCTeM,
TaKHX
HHcfopMaUHH
cTaBKe
06bl-IHO
CHCTeMbi
pyHHoH
Ha6op
aKTHBaMH
npoMeHTHoH
no
o6s3aTeAbCTBaM. HAH
8TOH
npogeHTHOH
c
KOTOpOH OCHOBbiBaeTca
Ha
HHq)OpMaUHH,
BamHblM (4aKTOpOM
AAR TaKoro H3MepeHHA,
cBH3aHHbIH
pHCK,
ogeHHTb
qaCTb
qyBCTBHTeAbHOCTH
H3MepeHHeM
CTpYKTypbi 6aHKa.
H TO'IHOCTb
BamHaH
pa3AH'Hbix 6yAyWHx npo;eHTHbIX
1H3
HaAe2KHbIM
AOCTaTOxHO
OKa3aTbCa
npHeMa, HCnOAb3yeMoro
OT THina
He3aBHCHMo
HaH6oAee
HCXOAM4HX
eAoM Ha6ope cIeHapHeB,
CTaBKaM npH
6yAyuHe AOXOAbI H 3aTpaTbi no npOMeHTHb1M
MOAeAH npoegHpy1OT
cyUgeCTBY1OHUie CTaBKH),
COBeplUCHCTBOBaHHe
cBoeBpeMeHHOCTH,
noBbJBiueHHe TOqHOCTH H nOAHOTbl Tpe6yeMoH OCHOBHOH HHqopMaUHH.
YHPABAEHHE PHCKOM nPOUEHTHOfi CTABKH YnpaBAeHHe pHCKOM,
cBM3aHHbIM
npoUeHTHOH
Bcex 3HaqHTeAbHblx
aKTHBOB
MO2KHO paccMaTpHBaTb
C TOqKH
nO3HUHH
CTaBKH
OUeHKH AeiCTBHTeAbHb1X nocAeACTBHH HaMeHeHHJ NHH4pMaBHH
npOUeHTHb1M
no
BbinAaIHBaeMbIX
B
AaHHbIH
PHCKOM)
npogecc, npH KOTOpOM Hco6xOAHMO paCCMOTpeTb H y'eCTb BKAaA
- aTO BCeOXBaTbIBaiOgHHf PHCKOBaHHOCTb
C H3MeHeHHeM npogeHTHOH CTaBKH (npoUeTrHbIM
CTaBKaM,
MoMeHT no
o6MsaTeAbCTB.
3peHHM
YnpaBAeHHe
pa3AH'gHbIX
THnOB
pHCKOM
nO3HMHfi,
AA mHHCTOH npH6bL1H no npogeUHTHOH CTaBKe Tpe6yeT
CTaBKH
riOAy4aeMbIM
H
B
B
cyUleCTBY0WyHM
o6o6iUaioiUHx OTYeTax O rsnax.
271
AaHHbiH
mOMeHT
o63aaTeAbCTBaM.
Ha aTa
axTHBaX
H
OTCyTcTByeT
B
cynjecTByUoIHx HHupopMaWm
YxpeAmeAre pywomoicrTa N 0oRIozeIHHIH 'JBCTBHTeAbHocNH K HepemeHam KOTOpbie
MOryT
cyUgeCTBOBaTb
B
6aHKe.
4Aw
geAeH
BTHX
nO3HUHH
noApa3AeAsK=aTc
Ha
cTpaTerHiecKHe, TaKTH%ieCKHe H ToproBble.
cTpaTerRvecKaHa
06bl9Ho
7OSyHJHH BO3HHKaeT
KpeAHTOBaHHIO
H
eCTeCTBeHHble,
nBAIoWHeC.9
npHBAeqeHHIO
BHyTpeHHeH
OTpa2KeHHeM y2Ke OTMenaBuieeHcH CpOK H 6paTb
KpeAHTbi
YCTOHiRHBOCTH
naKeTa
CTpaTerHH,
H
pe3yAbTaTe nO3HUHH
AcHTeAbHOCTH
6aHrca
Mo2KHO
paCCMaTpHBaTb
MHorHx
6aHKoB
H,
no KaK
'acTo,
BblJle TeHAeHgHH 6aHKOB rpe4OCTaBARTb KpeAHTbi Ha AOArHH
Ha KOpOTKHU
no3H4UHH
KpeAHTOB
B
TH
xapaKTepHCTHKOH
CpOK.
o6blHO
nbITaRCb YBCAH4HTb
MeHbiBeH
conpoBo2KAalOTCH
qacTo
Aeno3HToB,
rio3HUHH
CTpaTermiecKafl
H no BTOHi npH'qHHe Tpe6yeT
cTpaTerHqecKoH
3
Aeno3HToB.
3a
c'leT
HAH yMeHbIWIHTb
aKTHBHOCTH
Co3HaTeAbHoH H3MeHeHH.9
H/HAH
HAH
K
H3MeHeHWH
KoppeKTHpoBKoH
geHbl
CBOH o6beMbi
HMeeT TeHAeHUH10
ynpaBAeHH9.
COCTaBa
MapKeTHHroBoH
MOAH)HIgHPOBaTb
AaTbi
H3MeHeHHH gaeHbl Ha npOAaBaeMbie H noKynaeMbie pecypcbl.
C
TaKrwveccKaHr Io3NHgHg,
B OCHOBHOM, HBAHeTCH CAeACTBHeM AeRTeAbHOCTH 6aHKa, cBn3aHHoH
HHBeCTHPOBaHHeM
HHaHCHpOBaHHeM
npOH3BOAHblX KoMnaHHHi,
H
(B OCHOBHOM
pa6oTaio%UHX
CTeneHH
B
6aHKax.
AHKBHAHoro
KOTOpblii
yeHHblMH
FIOCKOAbKy
IIepBHqHorO
CKOppeKTHPOBaHbl o0KHAaHHH.
C
()bioqepCOB
HHCTpyMeHTbi
pblHKax
6yMaraMH,
8TH
3
AeHer,
B
KanHTaAa
H,
TH nO3HUHH xapaKTepHbl
HO OHH
nO3H{HH
H BTopH-lHoro
TaKme
AA9 MHorHx
cyUjjeCTByiOT
OCHOBHOM
pbIHKOB, TaKTHmeCKHe
BepOwrHo,
B pa3AHqHOH
HCnOAb3yloT
HHCTpyMeHTbi 6
nO3HMHH MoryT
6
blTb
biCTpO
B OTBCT Ha HeO2KHAaHHOe ABH2meHHe npogeHTHoH CTaBKH HAH H3MeHHBUIHXCR
TaKHM o6pa3oM, 6
HAeT
Ha
H CBonoB).
aHK,
TaKTHmeCKaB HO3HIHSIHlaCTO OTpamaeT Co3HaTeAbHblH
ripeAsBOCXHUaR
(lIpOAOA2HTeAbHOCTbIO
HCIIOAb3ylOT TaKTHXiCcKyiO nO3HUH1O AA B TeqeHHe KaKoro-TO
BpeMeHH,
ABH2KeHHe OT
HeAeAH
npogeHTHOH AO
CTaBKH
HeCKOAbKHX
CpeAHeCpOqHble
MecsigeB).
npOTHBOBeca He2KeAaTeAbHoH
KOTopoe Tpe6yeTcSI
Ha
pHCK, Ha
BaHKH
Taxme
cTpaTerH9ecKoi nOO3HUHH
AAR KOppeKTHpOBKH
Ha6opa
6aHKoBcKof
npOAyKUHH. TaKTHqCcKaH nO3HUHfl Tpe6yeT e2KeAHeBHoro ynpaBAeHHH.
ToproBygpo
3aHHMaIOT
)O3gHMHO
B O2KHAaHHH ABH2KeHHH
npoUeHTHoH
CTaBKH
OHa
CyigeCTByeT
o6111HpHOi.
4AA
TOAbKO
O'ieHb
Toro, 'To6bi
KOpOTKHH
npeACTaBHTb
6
CpOK,
TOproBaH
OAbIllyIO nO3HUHJO
FO13HfUH
MO2KeT
ToproBeg
no
BecbMa
1-2 cyr;K).
KpaTKOCpO-HbIM HHcTpyMeHTaM (AAHTeAbHOCTbIO OT HeCKOAbKHX MHHYT A4
6
14 xoTH
blTb
o'ieHb
AOA2KeH 6bITb yBepeH,
wTO ro3HIgHR MO2KeT 6bITb 3aKpblTa B TeCeHHe HeCKOAbKHX MHHyT. rIo aTOii npHYHHe ToprOBble no3H1HH
o6biBHO
BTOPH'iHbIX
orpaHH'gHBaioTcR
pbIHKaX,
no3HgHH Tpe6yeT
a
TaKme
nOCTOHHHOrO
PbIHKaMH
pbIHKaMH
AeHer
aKTHBHbix
ynpaBAeHH.9.
H
KanHTaAOB
npoH3BOAHbIX
06biqHO
B KOHUe
npH
BbICOKOAHKBHAHbIX
HHCTpyMeHTOB.
KamAoro
ToproBas
pa6oqero AHR OHa
AoA2r.Ha AH6o 3aKpbiBaTbCH AH6O 3HaqHTeAbHO cOKpaigaTbCH. 56 BaHKH BO MHOrHX pa3BHBaiolgHXCR CTPaHaX B OCHOBHOM 3aHHMaIOT THn noS3HUHH,
3AeCb
Ha3BaH CTpaTerHYeCKHM.
Toro,
WTO
OHH 3aHHMaioTcR
HHCTpyMeHTOB noRBAeHHIO
KOTOpbIH
PHCK, CBH3aHHblH C 0pOUeHTbHOH CTaBKOH BO3HHKaeT KpeAHTOBaHHeM
AeHe2KHbIX
pbIHKOB
TaKTH'eCKHX
nOSHUHiH
H H
H npHeMOM
PbIHKOB
KanHTaAa,
TOprOBbIx
Aeno3HToB. noaTOMY
nOSHIgHi.
B
TO
B CHAy
CyJ.MeCTByeT OHH
me
He
HCMHOrO
npenHrTCTBY30T
BpeMR
Ae4CHjHT
56 M Hao6opoT, B 6aHKaX C TOprOBbIMH Onlepa4HRMmm B Sapy6encHbiX UHaHCOBDiX UeHTpax no3HjJ 6brlb nepeAaHa ApyroMy TOprOBgy B APyrOH BpeMeHHoH SoHe.
272
Mo2KeT
m
amisrEamK m o6damreAhcw7
FIPHAOLfEHHE 2. YnpaAeHNe
aKTHBaMH H HHCTpymMHTOB Ha pbIHKaX AeHer H KanHTaAa TMelUaeT cIoco6HOCTH ynpaBAxioWHx B
o6a3aTeAbCTBaMH
pa3BHBal0_HXCR
BTOT
CCyA, BblAaBaeMbIX noA
AOArocpoiHoro
pa3BHTHH 6H3Heca H
H
seTKoe
B
o61ge-3KOHOMHneCKHX TeHAeHgHH.
nAaHoB
KOHTeKCTe
B
PYKOBOACTBa
nO3HMHR
aTa
pyKOBOACTBa,
cTapiuero
aToro
CTpaTerFHeCKoH
npHeMAeMoi
xapaKTep
CTOpOHbl
CTOpOHbI
co
ogeHKe
nepHOAH'qeCKOH
noAAem2HT
CO
oAo6peHHe
nOAy4HTb
AOA2KeH
nO3HMHH
pa3mep
06blqHO
CoBeTa AHpeKTopOB.
H
6aHKa
HMeTb
AOAmeH
H
pHCK
6oAee BbICOKoro ypOBHH PYKOBOACTBa
KaKOH o6beM PHCKa 6yAeT npHeMAeM AAR
nOHHMaHHe,
OH
BeCb
3a
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb CTaBKH.
npogeHTHoH
aKTHBaMH
ynpaBAAlOu4HH
aHKOM,
6oAbmyIo
caMyio
H3MeHeHHeM
C
CBS3aHHblH
y'pem=AeHH.9,
6
3aHHMaeMbiH
HCCTH
AOAmeH
o6S3aTeAbCTBaMH
KpaTKOCPO'IHb1X ccyA AH6o
npOUeHTHYIO CTaBKY.
nO3HUHH,
THn
Ha
HecMoTpsI
nAaasloIy1o
OAee
BO MHorHx TaKHx
nO3HUHH
B BHAe
OcyigeCTBAAeTcH
B OCHOBHOM,
KpeAHToBaHHe,
'ibe
6aHKax,
6
'acTo
CIIOCo6HOCTH
HeAoCTaTOK
CrAamHBaeTCH nOCPeACTBOM KpaTKocpoqHoH cyTH CTpaTerHqecKoH
Ha
KOppeKTHpoBKH
TaKTH'ieCKHe
AeAaTb
Ho
no3HyH1o.
CTpaTerH'eCKyIo
nOCTOSHHylO
CTpaHax
OCHOBHbIX KpynHbIX
PYKOBOACTBO opraHHsagHRX, onepHPYIOIHX B 6oAee pa3BHTbIX (PHHaHCOBbIX CHCTeMaX, cTapiUee
BblAaeT
o6a3aTeAbcTBaMH
U
aKTHBaMH
ynpaBAioigemy no3HUHIO
TaKTH'eCKyIO
nO3HMH1O rPOBOAHTcH ynpaBARlIOgHM
3aHHMaTb
nOAHOM09HH
BbiXOA Ha
TaKHM o6pa3oM,
paMKax.
B OnPeAeAeHHb1X orpaHHqeHHbIX
TaKTH'ecKy1o
'IeTKHe
HCXOAR H3
aKTHBaMH H o6H3aTeAbcTBaMH,
B Tex HX nepcneKTHB OCHKH pa3BHTHH npoieHTHOH CTaBKH no CPeAHeCpO4HbIM HHCTpyMeHTaM. HeMHOrOHCAeHHbIX opraHH3aUHHx, KOTOpb1e BeAYT TOprOBb1e onepaUHH, cTapmiee pyKOBOACTBO H ynpaBAAlOU3He
aKTHBaMH
AOAIKHbl
o6H3aTCAbCTBaMH
H
no3HUH10
'eTKyiO
onpeAeAHTb
B
OTHOHLleHHH npeAeAoB H r4peAeAbHO AOnyCTHMbIX o6beMoB AAA Tex, KTO HeCiocpeACTBeHHO BeAeT TOprOByaMH BTHX YCTaHOBAeHHbiX rpaHHU o6blMHo ToproBble onepaUHH. CtaKT co6A[oAeHHu
no
OTCAeMHBaeTCA yn11aBARio3HMH
aKTHBaM H o6asaTCAbCTBam.
AKKBHAHOCTb BTO
-
AHKBHAHOCTb
cnoco6HOCTb
CO3AalOUjylOCR CHTyayHio nOTpe6HOcTH
yAoBAeTBOPHTb
B HaAHsHbIX cpeACTBaX
B KoMnaHHH.
BHe3anHO
H
npeAnOAaraeMY1O
HOTpe6HOCTh B
HaAH'IHb[X CpeACTBaX B03HHKaeT BCAeACTBHe H3bRTHH BKAaAOB, HacTynAeHHH cpoKa noraiueHHH TaK H (cpoKa speAocTH) o6HsaTeAbcTB, npeAOCTaBAeHHH CpeACTB no saHMaM, KaK no HOBbIM, BblAat'H
npOAOA2eHHC YAOBAeTBOpReTCH AoArOBbIX
cpeACTB
no
sa CveT yBeAHmeHHR
o6s3aTeAbcTB
nepeA AaHHOH
3aHMaM.
CTapbIM o6beMa
Aeno3HTOB
KoMnaHHeH,
CpCACTB,
H 3aeMHb1X
HHBeCTHPOBaHHH
HaAH'HOCTH
B
HOTpe6HocTb
B
yeHHble
noramieHHH 6ymarH
C
q)HKCHPOBaHHbIM CpOKOM noraiueHHH1 H npOAamH aKTHBOB. HeAoCTaToMHaH AHKBHAHOCTb MO2KCT Bbi3BaTb HeO2KHAaHHblH Aeq)HUHT nAaTe2KHbIX CpeACTB, KOTOpblH AOA2eH 6blTb noKpblT nyTeM Heo6bI'Hblx nOBbiIIIeHHbIX 3aTpaT, BbL3bIBaH TeM CaMbIM yMeHbmeHHe MOmKeT
npH6blAbHOCTH
npHBeCTH
K
y'pemAeHHr.
B
xyAiuem
HenAaTemecnoco6HOCTH
KpaTKOCPO-iHbIX o6A13aTeAbCTB.
57
cAy'iae,
AaHHoro
HeaAeKBaTHaR
y"pemAeHHH,
C
AHKBHAHOCTb
To'iKH
3peHHR
C ApyroM CTOpOHbI, 4pe3MepHaR AHKBHAHOCTb MO2KeT BeCTH K
57 3aMeTHM, MTO opraHH3SfR Mo0KeT CTaTh HenAaTe2Kecnoco6HOH (B TexHHxeCKoM cMbicAe) c TOqKH speHHx o6beKTOM C KpaTKocpoqHbIx o6n3aTeAbCTB, He SRBAxCb HenAaTe2Kecnoco6HbIM no KanHTa&y (T.e. He 6yAy4H
273
YirpeIzAeeHwe pyXoBoxCTJBa H JoDmIreI
m 'yBcrTBreAbHocTH
j ioepemeoaa
HH3KOMy YPOBHIO AOXOAOB Ha aKTHBbl H TeM caMbiM He6AaronpHHTHo IIOBAHRTb Ha nOKa3aTeAH AOXOAHOCTH yqpe2AeHHH. HoAAep2taHHe aAeKBaTHOH AHKBH4HOCTH (HHaHcoByio
iaCTO 3aBHCHT OT TOrO, KaK PMIHOK BOCnpHHHMaeT
CHAy 6aHKa. ECAH ero COCTORHHe Ka2feTCH yXyAlluaiOgHMc,
3Ha-HTeAbHbIX
y6bITKOB,
Mpe3BbNMaHHoH
AHKBHAHOCTH.
nOHeceHHb!X
B
CBH3H
C
KpeAHTaMH,
Bo3HHKaeT
BIAaA-iHKH CHHMiaOT CBOH BKAaAb1
KorAa HCTeKaeT CpOK AeIo3HTOB. 5 8
06b1qHO scAeACTBHe noTpe6HoCTb
HAH He Bo3o6HoBAaioT
B Hx,
BaHK HaqHHaeT npHo6peTaTb AenO3HTbi no 6oAee BbCICOKOH
MeHe, BbInyCKaeT AOArOBbie AeHe2KHbie o6R3aTeAbCTBa,
co03AaIoUHe
CCpbe3Hb1e npo6AeMbl AAS
6
o6igeA npH6bblAbHOCTH.
Cnoco6HocTb 6aHKa Aio oH tIeHOH HaHTH HCTO'IHHKH (pHHaHCHpOBaHHR
Ha
KOHeCHOM
pbIHKaX
AeHer
B
HTore
naAaeT,
nOCKOAbKy
noTeHUHaAbHble HHBeCTOpbl CoKpaUgalOT HAH 3aKpbIBalOT CBOH KCAeHTHbIe AHHHH, KOTOpbiMH nOAb3OBaAcR 6aHK. FIPH BTOM 6aHKH, cnoco6HocTH rOTOPbIX Mo6HAH3oBaTb CpeACTBa CTaHOB.RTc1 H 6oAee orpaHHIeHHbIMH H 6oAee AoporoCTOSIJHMH, naCTO HCnbITbIBaOT Ha ce6e aqpeKT MaCCOBOH BbInAaTbi CpeACTB BCAeACTBHe 3
aeMUHKH
Heo6xoAHMoCTH
nOKpbITb
CBOH
o6SI3aTeAbCTBa
no
HenoraiieHHbIM
AoAraM.
pearHpyIoT
Ha nOTeHUHaAbHbIH xpax 6aHKax HcnOAb3oBaHHeM CpeACTB no OTKpbITbIM AAJR HHX KlpeHTHbIM AHHHHM, CTapaRCb o6ecneqHTb ce6e HaAH'He CpeACTB, KOrAa B HHX BO3HHKHCT Hy2KAa. aTo HBAeHHe qaCTHMHO o6b;CcHReTCH H TeM, 'TO OHH XOTRT flOAyqHTb no6oAbmle OT 6aHKa, KaK 6bl CTpaxys
HMelOJe%HeCf TaM cBOH AenIo3HTbI, KOTOpbZe He moryr 6blTb 6bicTpo HsbflTbi H3 6aHKa. TaKHM o6pa3oM, OCO3HaHHe pbiHKOM YXMAUleHHH COCTORHHR 6aHKa Mo2KeT HMeTb peaAbHble noCAeACTBHR AAR ero AHKBHAHOCTH.
H43MEPEHHE AHKBHAHOCTH CHCTeMa
H3MepeHHH
nOTeHUHaAbHyiO
AHKBHAHOCTH
noTpe6HOCTb
B
AOA2KHa
KOAHII'CTBeHHO
cpeACTBax.
AHKBHAHbIX
OnpeAeArTb
H3BeCTHYIO
H
CAeAoBaTeAbHo,
H3MepeHHe AHKBHAHOCTH AOA2KHO OCHOBbIBaTbCH Ha aHaAH3e nOTOKa AeHeC2HbIX CpeACTB, KoTopbiH AoA2KeH OnpeAeAHTb BPCMH H o6 beM nOTCH!,HaAbHbiX nOTpe6HOCTeH B (pHHaHCHpoBaHHH. AHKBHAHOCTb HeAb3H
aAeKBaTHO H3MCpHTb nyTeM BbINHcAeHHH
KoB(t4HgHeHToB 6aAaHCOBoro
oTrqeTa. TaKHe
KOB(4HgHeHTbi MOryT AaTb AHlUb npH6AH3HTeAbHbie H3MepeHHH AHKBHAHOCTH.
B Bcex
THUH'HOM OTreTe O COCTOHHHH AHKBHAHOCTH
COAepmKaTCfl noApo6HocTH OTHOCHTeAbHO
ABH2KeHHH
KOTOpbIe
AeHe2KHbIX
CPCACTB
aKTHBaMH H o6a3aTeAbcTBaMH. KoHTpaKToM
CPOKOB
no
HIOCKOAbKy
HCTe'CHHH
AeHCTBHH,
cqeTaM,
HeKOTOphbe
cBR3aHbl
C
CYU4eCTBYIOIJHMH
HHCTpyMeHTbl He HMeiOT OrOBOpeHHblX
cBa3aHHbie
C HHMH nOTOKH CpeACTB 4aCTH9HO OCHOBbIBaiOTCH Ha aHaAH3e TeHAeHUHH HCTOpH'eCKOrO OnbITa. To'Ho TaK mKe oUeHKH nOTOKOB
CpeACTB,
noCTynaiOIjHx OT
n1OpTtp)AR
KpeAHTOB,
npOH3BOARTCH
C y'eTOM,
qTO HeKOTOpb1e
IOpHAHiecKH 6aHi MomeT 6bITb 3aRpbIT, eCAH OH He MOmeT BbinOAHHTh CBONX o6JISaTeAbCTB no HaAH'HOCTH, C KOTOpbIMH eMy npHxoANTcR pa6oTaTb. rlpa,THI'ecKH me UeHTpaAbibiN 6a8H AoAmeH o6ecnemHBaTb qlHHaHCHpOBaHHe Ha CAyiaK 'peaBbNiaHHbix o6cTORTeAbcTB no AHKBHAHOCTH AAR oTpNfaTeAbHoHi qHCTOH CTOHMOCTbIO).
6aHKa, HcnblITbIBsa1oiero HexBaTKy AHKBHAHbIX CpeACTB, ecAH OH npeAnOAaraeT, 'To TaKaRa HexnaTKa AHKBHAHocT2i HOCHT BpeMeHHblH xapaKTep H ecAH OH yBepeH, 'TO AaHHblI 6aHK nAaTe2Kecnoco6eH no COCTOJIHIO KanNTaAa. 58 CyCecTBoBaNHe OTKPbITOro CTpaXOBaHHR AenOSHTOB yMeHblllaeT A0 onpeAeAeHHoH cTeneHH pHCJ( noTepH AenoaHToB.
Ho
onbIT noKaSblBaeT,
xiTO Aame
saCTpaxOBaHHble
6aHIKa.
274
q)HHaHCOBbie cpeAcTaa
'acTo
HbiMaIOTCx
NS
JPHAAOfflEHIE 2. nocAe
KpeAlHTbl,
HCTCMeHHH
cpoKa
noraimeHHH
BO3o6HOBASIOTC.R.
H
AenIo3HTOB,
r1pHHHMaH
KpeAHTOB
pOCT
InOTeHiHaAbHbliH
BHesanHoro
CpeACTB
AeHeC2Hb1X
nOTOKOB
ABH2!eHHH
OT
Co3AaeT bl
BO3AefiCTBHe
OgeHHT
OmeHKH
KpoMe
CHH3HTb HX OMeHKH
npo6AeMHblx
HMelOlUHXCs1
6
B YCAOBHHX XOTH
6aHKa npHAeTCH
pYKOBOACTBy
OT3bIBOB,
He6AaronpHHTHbIx
nocAeACTBHH
ce3oHHbiH
TaK2Ie
nopT"eAH.
KpeAHTHOrO
6aHKOBCKorO
Ka'ecTBa
yXyAlueHHH
a
H o6H3aTeAbCTBaMH
aKTHBaMH
ynpaBAeHHe
cUeHapHH
oAHoro xyAimero
rapaHTHH,
BapHaHTa q)HHaHcHpoBaHHH.
iaHxyAluero
cAyiaH H cUeHapHH
noTeHUHaAbHoe
XopouiaH CHCTeMa H3MepeHHH
xapaXTep H3MeHeHHH o6beMOB KpeAHTOB H Aeno3HTOB. OCHOBHOH
OgeHHBaeT
YnpaBAeHHe BHHMaHHe
BO H
o6H3aTeAbcTB
AOArOBbIX
He pHHaHcHpyembix
HcnoAb3oBaHHe
N o6lBaTeAbcBaMjN
YHpa&Aemme ahrTNBRMa
noramueHHe
3aHMOB,
KOTOpbIX, o'eBHAHO, 6yAeT OTTHHyTO. H3MepeHHH AHKBHAHOCTH 3aBHCHT OT KaMCCTBa CBOeBpCMeHHOCTH
KaMeCTBO
HHq)OpMaUHH
a
t
aKTHBOB H o6H3aTeAbCTB H Ha Ka ecTBe aHaAH3a 6aHKa no nOBOAy 11pOIIAbIX H 11pCACTOS1,HX KpeAHTHbIX H AellO3HTHbIX TeHAeHgHH. AAH MHOrHX 6aHKoB nepBblH
Co3peBaHHH CYIICCTBYIOUgHX
6aHKa H cHcTeMbi
6yxraATepcKoii OT'IeTHOCTH
6blTb
o6pa6oTKH onepagHi.
npOU1AbIM
no
TeHAeH%HH
aHaAH3
npOBeAeH
H3 CHCTeMbi
nocTynaioUeH
3peAocTH,
3aHMaM
o6ecneReHHH
B
3aKAIO'aTbcR
AOA2KeH
H CpOKaX
HHcJOpMaIHH
H CBOeBpeMeHHOCTH
TOqHOCTH
AHKBHAHOCTb1O
ynpaBAeHHH
COBeplueHCTBOBaHHR
miar
BToro AOA2meH
I1OMHMHO
H
H Aeno3HTaM
6blTb
AOA2KHbi
xopowo06oCHOBaHHble OgeHKH 6yAyuMHx TeHAeHUHH.
paspa6oTaHbl
YHIPABAEHHE AHKBHAHOCTbIO ynpaBAAeTCH
A\HKBHAHOCTb
noAAep2iaHHe
o6ecneHHTb
'qT06bi
Tpe6yeMoro
6aHKOM
ypOBHH
Pe3epBOB B ULeHTpaAbHOM 6aHKe H rapaHTHH AOCTaT04HOH AHKBHAHOCTH AAR npeAnOAaraembix H
Hy2zA.59
HeO2KHAaHHbIX
HTo6bl
6blTb yAoBAeTBOpeHbI nyTeM
HaAHiHbIX
ynpaBAeHHS
AOnOAHHTeAbHOrO
HA"
AenO3HTOB
MomeT
AHKBHAHOCTb1O
B
TOM, npH
CpeACTBax
a TaxK2e
3a c'eT HCTeMeHHR cpoKa o6a3aTeAbcTB HAH nPOAaauH aKTHBOB,
npHo6peTeHHA
lpoUecc
B
3aKAiotaeTCH
nOTpe6HOCTH B HaAHIHbIX CpeACTBaX MOryT
KaK ymKe OTMe'aAOCb Bblnue,
pa3yMHbIX 3aTpaTax.
AHKBHAHOCTbIO
nOTpe6HOCTb
YAOBAeTBOPHTb
6bl
6blAa
MO2KHo
BcerAe
ynpaBAeHHR
MeAb
OCHOBHaH
q)HHaHCHpoBaHHR
COOTBeTCTBeHHO
6blTb
Ha pbIHKaX AeHer.
pa3AeAeH
Ha ynpaBAeHHe
aKTHBaMH H ynpaBAeHHe o6a3aTeAbCTBaMH. KaK npaBHAO, OrIHpalOTCH
noAyqeHHe
HOBbIX
Acno3HTOB
AeHCTBy101_qHe
aHKH,
TaKHe
6aHKH
yAoBAeTBOpeHHA
AAR
HMelOT H
PbIHKaX
AeHe2ŽiHbIX
Ha
CpeACTB
AeHem2HbIX
Mo6HAH3aUHH
60
aKTHBaMH.
Ha ynpaBAeHHe
6
H
6aHKH
6oAee MeAKHe
BHe3anHo
Ha MeHee pa3BHTb1X orpaHH'eHHylO He
MOryT
PbIHKaX
BO3MO2KHOCTb
paCCqHTbiBaTb
B03HHKalOU4HX,
Ha
HeO2KHAaHHbIX
Ha Ae4PH4rHTOB nOTOKOB AeHe2KHbIX Macc. YnpaBAeHHe AHKBHAHOCTbiO aKTHBOB COCpeAOqHBaeTCH CTpyKType
noraHueHHq
AellO3HTOB
H
HaCKOAbKO
HaAH4HOCTH
59
3aeMHb1X
CpeACTB
BO3MO2KHO,
WTO OT
Heoa6xo2Mo
3
aKTHBOB.
nOralUeHH3
npH3HaTb,
Ta
a
OTTOK
CTpyKTypa
TaKme
9TO Tpe6yeMble
OTpa2KaTb
CTpYKTypy
pOcTa
AOArOBbIX
cpeAcTB,
ogeHKY
HaAHqHOCTH
aKTHBOB.
AOA2KHa
4AM
peCepBbl
Mor
6blTb
6bl
Heo0KHAaHHO
He
BcerAa
Ao
HaqaAa
19 6 0-x
paccmaTpHBalOTcg
KaK
roAoB npaKTHWeCKH Bce 6aHKH OnlHpaAHCb Ha ynpaBAeHHe aKITHBaMH.
275
TaK
ypaBHOBeumeH
BO3HHKa1OujHX
HCTO'HHK AHKBH4HbIX CpeACTB. 0
noraileHHH oTO6bI,
npHTOKOM
nOTpe6HOcTeH
T paAHiUaOmbii
Yicpeii..e'cze pyrOBOXCTBa N IOBArIlIeHHJ
peKOMmeHAyeTc
COXpaHRTb
H4HCTPYMeHTbl,
alUHH
HCnoAb3yeMbie
Cyu4eCTByeT aKTHBHblH
AAR
BTOPH-lHblH
'yBCTBMTeAbHOCTN
BbiCOKOKaqeCTBeHHbJX BTOH
geAH,
pblHOK,
AHKBHAHbIX
AOA2KHbI
o6ecne4HBaff
HepeMeHaM
h
6bITb
npeAnpHHRTHA.
TaKHMH,
BO3MOKHOCTb
AAR
KOTOpblX
6blcTpoH peaAHS3aHH
BTHX HHCTPYMeHTOB HAH Apyroro cnoco6a npeBpaJieHHR HX B HaAH'Hble cpeACTBa. 6 1 6aHKH, onHpaiougHecs
Tror,
KpeAHTHb!e
AHHHH
B
Ha ynpaBAeHHe
ApyrHX
opraHH3aajHHx
qpHHaHCHpOBaHHH AAA 'peBBblqaHHbIX
lBoAee KpynHbie 6oAbmle OnHpaTbCH
6aHKH,
HMeIOU4He
6oAee
B pa6oTe Ha ynpaBAeHme
AHKBHAHOCTbIO
6
KaqecTBe
OAblllHX
o6H3aTeAbcTB
MHaqHTeAbHblH
o6beMax
B
OCHOBHOM
npeAnOAaraeT,
npeAOCTaBHTrb
()OHAbI,
3HaKoM
q)HHaHcOB,
BO3MO2KHOCTH
KoTopaR
nOCTaBu HKOM
HO HH3KO npH6blAbHblX
AAA
6aHKa. 6 2
pbIHKH
AeHer.
paCIuHpeHHe,
(jHHaHCHpOBaHHH.
6aHKOM
H
6
xoTeA
BO3MO2KHOCTb
YnpaBAeHHe
AHBePCH(HKaUH10 YBeAHqeHHe bl
H
iHCAa
HHBeCTHpoBaTb
B
6aHKa nOAyqaTb CpeACTBa
AHBepCHcpHKagHR THnOB HCTO'qHHKOB qcHHaHCOB
(3HHaHCHPoBaHHR
MomeT CAeAaTb 6aHK
CpCACTB
c
6aHKa, MOmeT pacmplHHTb
TorAa, KorAa STO OKa3bIBaeTC3I HeO6xOAHMbIM. cTa6HAH3HpyeT
CTpeMxTCR
Ha pbIHOK,
OHH AeAaIoT BTO AAR TOro,
qepe3
B OCHOBHOM,
OBeHKy HCTO%IHHKOB AOrOAHHTeAbHOrO
AeHe2Hbie HHCTpyMeHTbi
AOCTyn
OpMe BbICOKOKaqeCTBeHHbiX,
Tex,
rOTOB
HCTo'HHKa
o6a3aTeAbcTBaMH.
KOAHMeCTBeHHYIO KTO
noAAepmKHBaiouero
B nepHOAbl Heo6xOAHMOcTH BTH 6aHKH co6HpaHor AOnOAHHTeAbHoe
AHKBHAHbIX HHCTpyMeHTOB. B
B
geAeHanpaBAeHHble
qaCTO OTKpbIBaJOr
cHTyagHH.
oTO6bi MHHHMH3HPOBaTb CBOH aKTHBbl B
(PHHaHcHpOBaHHe
aKTHBaMH,
FIOMHMO
H
yMeHb1iuaeT
CTeneHb
yH3BHMb[M AAR npo6AeM,
KOAHqeCTBeHHOe
KOHUeHTpa!4HH
CO3AaBaeMbIM
onpeAeAeHHe
KpynHbIM
(HHaHCHpoBaHHR
C
nOTeHUHabADHOrO AeHemHoro pbIHKa HBAS!eTCA HeOTbeMAeMOH 'iaCTbIO HsMepeHHA9 AHKBHAHOCTH B
BaHKH B pa3BHBaJOUJHXC3! CTpaHax, KOTOpbIe OnHpaioTcH Ha ynpaeAeHHe
TaKHx y'lpemAeHHflx. o6s3aTeAbCTBaMH, AeHe2KHoro
AOAffHbl
HMeTb O'ieHb ocTpoe
nOHHMaHHe nOTeHEHaAbHOH
pbIHKa, TaK H CPHHaHCOBbIX yCAOBHH OCHOBHbIX
HCTO0HHKOB
XpynKOCTH
KaK
(JHHaHCHpoBaHHI
Ha
BTHX pbIHKaX. TaK}
me KaK H B CAy'iae PHCK}a no npOgeHTHOH CTaBKe, AHKBHAHOCTb MameT ynpaBARTbCA
AAR KamKAOrO BaAIoTe, 6aHKa
THna BaAIOTbl,
opraHH3magHn AAA
AHKBHAHbIX 3aeMHbIe
B
6yAeT HMeTb
Cepbe3Hb]X
CpeACTBaX
cpeACTBa
KpeAHTopoM CpeACTB
pemeHHH
acTo
c KOTOpOH pa6oTaeT opraHH3aUHR.
AH6o,
6e3
npo6AeM, 3
B nIoCAeAHeH
HHCTaHUHH BaAlOTe.
-
cTy"aTbCR
CBR3WHHb!X
o6ecne'HBas
o6ecne'eHHH.
HHOCTpaHHOH
BO3MO2KHOCTb
3aeM
Ta
C
38AoroM,
UCHTpaAbHOrO
peAKO AOXOAHT
ECAH
HagHOHaAbHaA
A0
BaAoTra
He
HMelOT
TeHAe
UeHTpaAbHOrO
nOTpe6HOCTb!O 6
AH o
6aHKa
BO3MO2KHOCTH
61 HanpHMep, aKTHB MomeT 6blTb npeAAo2KeH B KaHecTBe 3aAora AAsi o6ecneqeHnH
62 Yc0AuH
B HagHOHaAbHOH
B ABepH
HeOmHAaHHOH
nOAXOAAR1UHM
cpyHKUHH
Pa6oTas
B
npHo6peTaH -
BbiCTynaTb
!IpeAOCTaBAeHHR
RBAHeTcH
cBo6oAHo
saHMa.
no o6ecmne4eHHIo cTa6HAbHOcTH (PHHaHcHPOBaHHji AOAmHbl rpHSHaBaTb, 'ITO BKAAAbl HaCeAeHHR 0iio
6blTb 6oAee
cTa6HAbHbIMH
'eM
AenOSHTbl KpynHbIX
HHBeCTOpOM
H KopnopaWiJ,
H, 'rTo
AenosHThi H IpHHaHCHpOBaHHe 4epe3 AeHeC2HbIe pblHKH OT KAHeHTOB, KOTOpble HMelOT ApyFHe OTHoiIeHHR c AaHHblM yqpemAeHHeM, npONBARIOT TeHAemfnio 6blTb 6oAee cTa6H.AbHbiMH HeM cpeAcTBa, nocTynaioigne oT KIAeHTOB, KoTopble HHBeKcTHpyIoT TOAbKO Ha ocHOBaHHH npoUeHTHoH CTaBKH.
276
lPJAOKEHHE 2. YHpasAeHMHe HHOCTpaHHofi
AAA
KoHBepTHpyeMOU,
cnoco6bl ynpaeAeHHs AHKBHAHOCTbIO.
C
cAeAyeT
6oAee
npHMeHRTb
KoHcepBaTHBHble
63
HOPMaAbHO
B
AHKBHAHOCTbIO
ynpaBAeHHe
3peHHH,
TO9KH
npaKTH'ecKOfi
BaAioTbI
o6zwa2T-eA.crag
a aA-TNBN
3 npogecc. B OAee (PyHKIHOHHPyWGueM 6aHKe B YCAOBHHX CTa6HAbHOCTH - BTO AOBOAbHO nIpOCTOG HecTa6HAbHofi B AHKBHAHOCTbia ynpaBAeHHe wama'y npeAcTaBAHeT co6o0 TpyAHyIO
C AHKBHAHOCTblO B o6cTaHoBKe.64 HTo6bi 6bITb rOTOBbIM Ko BCHKoro poAa Heo2KHAaHHOCTAM pa3pa6aTbiBaeT nAaHbI Ha TaKoH o6cTaHoBKe cAy2K6a ynpaBAeHHR aKTHBaMH H o6s3aTeAbcTBaMH BapHaHTbi XyAJllero CAyqafi ipe3BbiqaHiHbIX o6cTo3TeAbCTB. B TaKHX nAaHaX paCCMaTpHBalOTCR cUeHapHH H pa.pa6aTbIBaioTci CTpaTerHsi peUIeCHHH noAo6HblX CHTyaUHHi.
lOMHMO pa3pa6OTKH nAaHOB Ha CAyqaH qpe3BbIlaAHbIX o6CTOaTeAbCTB Te, KTO ynpaBAHeT noBbllleHHIO
AHKBHAHpOCTH,
YpOBHS
npO(pHAaTHeCKHe
nPeAnPHH3rrb
MoryT
o6HsaTeAbCTBaMH,
H
aKTHBaMH
BepOHTHOCTb
BG3HHKaeT
KOrAa
AAA
no
AefiCTBHR 6aHKa
pa3BHTHH
AAA Toro HMeHHO TaKOHi cHTyaUHH. HanpHMep, MO2KHO npOAAHTb CpOK AeHCTBHq o6R3aTeAbcTB B TeMeHHe 6AHmaiimero qTo6bi COKpaTHTb nOTeH;HaAbHY1O nOTpe6HOcTb B HaAH-HbIX CpeACTBaX oTG6bi npeAnPHHHTb TaKoe AeCiCTBHe, nOApIG3AeAeHHe no nepHoAa. Ho AAA Toro,
BpeMeHHoro
yripaBAeHHIo
6aHKa.
COCTOAHHH OAHaKo,
H
aKTHBaMH
'laCTo
aTo
6biBaeT,
AOA2KHo
o6x3aTeAbcTBaMH o6blqHO 'TO
nOApa3yMeBaeT
CAy2K6a ynpaBAeHHi
6
blTb
nOAHOCTbIO
nOHHMaHHe alKTHBaMH
KameCTBa
HHlpoPMHPoBaHo
nOpTA
H o6H3aTeAbcTBaMH
O
SaHMOB. y3HaeT O
AHUlb 3a HeCKOAbKO AHeH
cepbe3HbIX TPyAHOCTHX, BO3HHKalOI1HX B CBH3H C KpeAHTaMH Bcero BceM. PYKOBOAHTeAH, HAH Aame MacOB AO Toro, KaK o6 8THX TpyAHOCTRX CTaHOBHTCH H3BeCTHo OTBeTCTBeHHbie
3a
COCTOHHHe
nOpTtpeAA,
KpeAHTHOrO
AeHCTBYIOT
TaKHM
o6pa3oM,
'qTo6bi
He C YXYAUleHHeM KamecTSa KpCAHTOB AO TeX nop, noKa aTa CHTyaUHH 3aTeMHHTb CHTYalIHI CHCTeMa CBBHH, AOCTHraeT KPHTHMeCKOHi TOGKH. IOaTOMy omeHb Ba2KHa HaAe2KHaR BHyTpeHHIH HCnOAb3oBaTb c TeM 'iTo6bi ynpaBAeHHe aKTHBaMH H o6R3aTeAbcTBaMH MorAo 8cKeKTHBHO BpeMeHeM, KOrAa aTH nepHoA Mem2AY BpeMeHeM HAeHTHcIHKaUHH npo6AeMbl BHyTPH 6aHKa H npo6AeMbl CTaHOBSITCH H3BeCTHbl 3a npeAeAaMH 6aHKa.
B KpaiHHX o6cToATeAbcTBX 6auHKH KOHBepTHpyeMoH, 6bl coBepuimTm cAAeAKy CnoT Ha MorAH OHH KOTOpbIMH CTaAKHBaiOTCR C TpyAHOCTbIO HauTH KoHTpareHToB, C He nomeeAaThnpUHHTb pHCIX MoryT npoAamy/noKynxy uHocTpaHHOH BaAJOTbl. HOTeHUHaAbHbie KoHTpareHTbi yperyAHpoBaHHAJ, RBARioqWHucR qaCTblO TaKOi CAeAXH. MecTHoro pbIHKa. 64 HecTa6HAbHOCTb MoHmeT ABHTbcR cAeAcTBHeM ycAoBHii MaxpODKoHomweCoro Hm
63
zaame
KorAa
HecTa6KAbnocm (PyHKUHoHHpywoWan BbisBaHa
BaAIOTa
Mo2meT
RBAReTbCR
BO3HHKHyTb
H He&4q4eKTHBHaR
qpaHamcoBbIMH
npo6AeMaMH
CBo6OAHO
TaOKme
BcAeACTBHe
nAaTe2meH.
cHcTeMa B
npOABASeTCR KaK B 6aHKe, TaK H BHe ero,
CaMOM
rTO
6aHKe.
TexHH'ecxHx
BoAee
HeAOCTaTKOB,
cepbe3Hag
TaKHX
HecTa6HAbHocTh
B caMbix cAomHbIx cwryaunx
KaK
rnAjxo
M02xeT
6biTb
HecTa6KAbHocTm
RBABCTCR He TaIoCH y2x 6oAbiuoa peAKOCTmIO B pa3BHBawoiMHxCR
CTpaHax.
277
I
IPHAJOEHHE3. Y1PABAEHHE BAAJOTHbIM PHCKOM A,nBuA CKOr
B
npHAOŽeHHH6 5
AaHHOM
onepagHHX
3a6aAaHcoBbIx
66
nO3HUHK no HHOCTpaHHOH
B
BaA1oTe o6blsHO BO3HHKa1OT
HAH rIpaBHTeAbCTBy.
CTaKe,
nopomAaloT
ABH2KeHHe
no
BKAio as
no
CxieTaM
B
no
pHCK. KpoMe Toro, nocKOAbKy 8TH nO3HsHH BaA1oTe,
Bo3HHKaeT
YnpaBAeHHe
no3HUHRMH
HHocTpaHHOH
B
CpeACTB
ynpaBAeHRs
npogecca
o6ugero
maCTbIO
HeOTbeMAeMOH
HBASeTCR
BaA1OTe
PHCK
o6MeHa,
KypcOM
AHKBHAHOCTbIO no HHOCTpaHHOH BaAIoTe.
ynpaBAeHHR
HHOCTpaHHOH
cBH3aHHbiH
pHCK,
AeHem2Hbix
C
B
HecKOAbKO
BaAIOTe Bbl3biBaioT
HHOcTpaHHOH
pHCK H CTpaHoBoH
KpeAHTHbIH
npoaeHTHoH
Heo6xOAHMOCTb
t
PHCKOB,
()HHaHcOBbIX
BHAOB
no
nO03HUHH
BaHKOBCKHe
BaAIoTe.
HHOCTpaHHOH
BbipameHHbiX
HHCTpyMeHTOB,
q)HHaHCoBblX
HCnOAb3oBaHHH
Hs-3a
HAH
BaA0oTax
B
no
HeCoTropbx
OCy_q1eCTBAReMOH
6aHKax TaKHe no3HUHH MOryT HBHTbCR CAeACTBHeM TOprOBOH AefTeAbHOCTH, pamHbix
CTpaH TaKHe
KaK 'laCTb 6aHKoBcKofi AesITeAbHOCTH
KAHeHTaM
HHoCTpaHHbIM
pa3BHBaio9UHxCR
6aHKax
H
Kann'aAa
o6H3aTeAbcTB,
aKTHBoB,
pHCKH
BaAIOTe.
B HHOCTpaHHoH
MecTHbIM,
ycAyr
npeAOCTaBAeHHI
o6cymAalOTCH
aKTHBaMH H o6a3aTeAbCTBaMH.
OnPEAEAEHHR OrTpbITOH HOSgfHH, KorAa aKTHBbI
Mbi roBOpHM 0 HaAHMHH o6a3aTeAbcTBaM68
paBHbi
Cyl_qeCTByeT
HerrO-4AmHHaH rOBHo3gHR. KorAa o6s13aTeAbCTBa
HeTro-KopoTBa'
BaAioTbi
B
cyUgeCTByio0IeMy
onpeAeAeHoe BpeMH, KOTOPYIO
AAHTeAbHblH
orOBOpeHHOMY
oTpe30K
Cyu eCTByeT
'epe3 0
AorOBapHBal1TCH
cAeAKe.
o bIqHO Ha3biBaioTCH
no ipBap4H0My
A0 roAa
Kyocy
CUOT
peaAH3yemoe
H Tpe6yloiHe
B
KoHTpaKTbi,
6yAyuJeM.
MeCTe
Ha
o6MeHa
HeAeA1o nOCAe AaTbi KoHTpaKTa,
6
BpeMeHH,
BpeMR
B onpeAeAeHHoe
o6MeH
Ha
corAaaeHHe
BTO
corAauieHHe,
o6MeHa
o6blqHO He nO0AHee 'eM
HS pa6oTbi CxoTTa
06.SaTeAbcTBa
66
o6MeHa
BTO
-
Kypcy
MOMeHT
AaHHbliH
TeqeHHe OTpe3Ka BpeMeHH
65 BbhAep2KU
Kypcy
mHocTpaHHoH BamoTm
KOHpareHTbi
H OCY1JeCTBAR1OTCH B
no
-
HHOCTpaHHOR BaA 0ml
IpHo6pereHHe
Caor-xoHTpaKT B
B
o6s3aTeAbcTBa,
aKTHBbi,
npeBbLuaiaro
HO.3HUH.
KoHTpaKr Ha HHOCTpaHHOH
BaAIOTe He
B onpeAeAeHHOH npeBbILuaioT
aKTHBbi
KorAa
BaAIOTe.
me
TOU
B
67
BaA0T
B
T.e. AaTbl,
oxBaTb1Ba1uJHe
ipopBap4HbIMH Ba10oTHbiMH
no
6,Aee
0oNTpmKm
H
H MoryT noTpe6oBaTb cpH3HqecKorO o6MeHa BaAlOT
H 6oAee.
(1991).
nlpeAOCTaBATb
q)HHaHCHpOBaHHe
HAH
npHo6peTaTh
UeHHbIe
6yMarH,
samMcTBosaTa
4,rHaHcoBbie cpeACTBa, npIHHMaTb AenO3HThl, noKynaTb HAH npoAaBaTm HHoCTpaHHYlO BaAIOTY B 6yAyqMeM. 67 BKIo'asI aKTHBo-noAo6Hbie sa6aAancoBbie o6xSaTeAbCTBa, TaKue Kar CnOT- H 41OpBapAHbie o6nsaTeAbcTma BaAioTy
KynHTh
H o6RsaTeAbcTBo
BBBTb KpeART
HAH npHo6peCTH
geHHb1e
6yMarN,
Bbipame8HHbe
B AaHHoH
BDAIOTe. sa6aAaHcoBbie onepauHH naccCHBoro THna, TaKHe xai cHoT xAH qblopBapAHbie o6AsaTeAbcTBa o nHHoCTpaHHOU BaAJOTe. npoAame BaAioThi HAU o66RaTeAbcTBa BSIITb 3aeM B
68
BKioaa
279
YxpeIueHage py,KoB@o4cTBXa H lIoBhlueHjhf
'IyBTBmTeAbHOCTN
K aepemejam
BAAIOTHbIHA PHCK OilHca HNC PHCX o6MeHa BbipameHHOH
BaAioTbi
aTO
-
y6 bITKOB BCAeACTBHe
pHCK nOHCCeHHR
B HHOCTpaHHOH BaAIoTe,
Ha yCAOBHRX
geHHOCTH
o6MeHa
;eHHOCTH,
HagHOHaAbHOH
BaAioTbI 6aHKa. OnacHocTb nOTepH B03HHKaeT H3-3a npouecca nepeogeHKH nO3HI&HH B HHOCTpaHHOH BaAJOTe B HaIHOHaAbHY1O BaAIOTY B CTOHMOCTHOM BbipanKeHHH. 6 9 KorAa 6aHKH HMeKOT OTKpbDTYlO nO3HUHIO B HHoCTpaHHOH BaAioTe (npH KOTOPOH aKTHBbl B BaAIOTe He paBHbl o6a3aTeAbCTBaM B aToH
me
BaAioTe),
HpH6blAb
npogecc
HAH nOTepH
HagHOHaAbHOH
- aTO pa3HHija
BaA1oTe
o6 bIqHO
nepeoieHKH
jeHHoCTeH
Me2KAy
aKTHBOB,
co3AaeT
AH6o
6
o o6ujeHHbIMH o6H3aTeAbcTB
npH6blAb,
AH6o
H3MeHeHHRMH H
KanHTaAa,
nOTepH.
Bbipam2eHHR
B
BbipameHHbIX
B
HHOcTpaHHoH BaAloTe. HeceT AH Kypca
6aHK nOTepH
o6MeHa
H OT
HAH
TOrO,
nOAy'iaeT llpH6blAb
HaXO4HTC9
nO3HUHH Ho HHOCTpaHHOH BaAIoTe.
AH
6aHK
- 3aBHCHT
B HeTTo-AAHHHOA
H
Hao6opoT, HeTTO-KOpOTKas
BaAIOTbl
yBeAHIHBaeTcR,
CAeAyeT
AH OTpa2KaTb
H
y6blTKH
3 B yxraATepcKoe
o6palUeHHe
pe3yAbTaTOM nepeo]eHKH o6blqHo
nepeogeHKa O6bI'HO
TpaAHMHOHHaH
c
KaK
3a6aAaHcoBOH
H3MeHeHHH
HeTTO-KOpOTKOH
nO3HUH10 no BaAIOTe,
H nOTepH, eCAH MeHHOCTb BaAlOTbl
- eCAH
1eHHOCTb
HHOCTpaHHOH
KHHrax npH 6 blAH HAH
BaAIOTbI
yMeHbulaeTcR.
nlOTepH 6aHKa,
3aBHCHT OT
pHHHHToro B AaHHOM 6aHKe. npH6blAHMH
BaAJOTbI,
paCCMaTPHBaeTCH
B
nO3HHHR Bbl3OBeT nOTepH, eCAH UeHHOCTb HHOCTpaHHOH
B 6yxraATepcKHx
npaBHA 6yxraATepcKoro yMeTa,
HAH
KorAa 6aHK HMeeT HeTTO-AAHHHyIO
nepeogeHKa Bbl3OBeT npH6bIAb, eCAH geHHOCTb BO3PaCTaeT, naAaeT.
OT Ha[lpaBAeHHH
HAH
nOTepSMH
MO2KeT 6blTb pa3HbIM.
PeaAH3OBaHHa
nO3H]HH
npaKTHKa
6aHKa,
KOTOpbic
HBAHIOTCH
HepeogeHKa 6aAaHcoBbix nO3HIHH
npH6blAb
HAH
noTepH,
o6blHo
B
TO
BpeMH
KaK
KaK apaccmaTpHBaeTCH "HepeaAH30BaMax".
6yxraATepcKoro
yqeTa
Tpe6yeT,
qTo 6 bJ
peaAH3oBaHHbxe npH6bLAH H nOTepH H HepeaAH3oBaHHbie lpH6blAH 6blAH OTpam2eHbI B AOXOAaX H TeM caMb1M B 6 KanHTaAe. ApyrHe 6yxraATepcKHe npaBH.Aa Tpe6yIoT, qTo bJ Bce peaAH3OBaHHble H HepeaAH3OBaHHbte npH6blAH H nOTePH 6bIAH OTpameHbl B AoxoAax. CorAacHo HeKOTOpbIM 6yxraATepCKHM
npaBHAaM, pa3peluaeTcR He OTpa2KaTb HeMeAAeHHO HepeaAH30BaHHbie npH6blAH H noTepH. B AaHHOM cAyqae, B TOH CTeneHH, B KOTOpOH MO2KHO He oTpa?KaTb HepeaAH3OBaHHbie noTepH, Mo2KHo noKa3aTb 6oAee BbICOKHe 3HaqCHHR AOXOAOB H KanHTaAa. IlpaBHAa 6yxraATepcKoro y'ieTa AAH nepeoUeHKH nO3HUHH no HHOcTpaHHOH BaA1oTe o6blqHO 6 qTo6bi 6aAaHcoBble aKTHBbl, o6sIsaTeAbcTBa H KanHTaA7 0 blAH nepeogeHeHbl,
Tpe6yiOT, HCnOAb3Sy
69
TeKygiiHH
Kypc
o6meHa
CnOT
AaHHOH
BaAIOTbi.
54AR
CTaTeli,
nepeoUeHeHHblx
no
BaHKoBcKHe q(HHaHcoBbie oT9eTbl BeAyTcR B HaIHOHaAbHOH BaAIOTe, C riepeBoAom aKTHBOB B HHOCTPaHHoiH
BaANoTe,
o6JI3aTeAbcTB,
BKBHBaAeHTaX.
KanHTaAa H sa6aAaHcoBbIx CTaTeH B HaIHollaAbHYIO BaioTy B COOTBeTCTByJOWgHX BaHKH AOAM2Hbl nepHoAHqeCKH nepeoUeHHBaTb CBOH nOsUjHUHH B HHOCTpaHHOiH BaAiOTe, HCnOAbsyJ
TeKyiUHH
Kypc o6MeHa
BpeMeHH
npeAbiAyiJeH
HHOCTpaHHOH
AA
BblNHCAeHHR BaAIOTHbIX 9KBHBaAeHTOB CTOHMOCTH. laMeHeHHJ
nepeoJeHKH
6yAyT
Bbi3blBaTb
HaMeHeHHA
B
6aAaHcoBoH
B Kypce o6MeHa co
CTOHMOCTH
noSHjAH
B
BHajoTe.
70 Muorme HopMaTHBbi 6yxraATepCKoro yqeTa He Tpe6yIoT, q)OHAbl H/HAH KanHTaAOBAo2KeHHH,
oTo6bi nepeoUeHKe
noABepraAHcb
eCAH TOAbKO STO He HaHOCHT nOCTOAHHOrO yWyep6a CTOHMOCTH.
280
ocHoBHbie
1IPHAOHfEHHE 3. YnpawreHHe
AAR
Kypca o6MeHa, COOTBeTCTByOigerO
tpopBapAHorO
TeKyu_ero
OTpaa2KIOT He TOAbKO ABH2KeHHe Kypca o6MeHa,
npHHHTb
BO BHHMaHHC
BO3MO2KHbie
H
npH6blAH
OCyIgeCTBAlOfLUHe
H AHIa,
6aHKa
ABHmeHHH
noCAeACTBHS
B
nO3HUHA
BCeX
BaAmOTe
HasUOHaAbHOH
B
8KBHBaAeHTe
B
geHHOCTH
Aui
Kypca o6MeHa
BaAIOTbi
o6paujeHHR c nepeoleHKon
PyKOBOAHTCAH
coo6pamKeHUHM
AOA2KHbi
KOHTpOAb 3a 6aHKOM,
HagHOHaAbHOH
HO TaK2e H ABH2KeHHR npOUeHTHbIX CTaBOK B
H np!HHUHna
OT MeTOAOAorHH
nOTepb no 6yxraATepCKHM
CTaTbH.
71
Ha4HOHaAbHOH H HHOCTpaHHOU BaAIOTaX. BHe 3aBHCHMOCTH
CpOKy nepeo4eHHBaeMoH
OTHOCHTeAbHO
HX
geHHOCTH
HMseHeHHH
BTHX HHCTpyMeHTOB
HCnOAb3OBaHHeM
C
nepeoCeHHBaioTcE
o6MeH
Ha
KOHTpaKTbl
a6aAaHcoBble
HacTo
CTOpOHbl,
ApyrOH
C
BaAIOTbI,
HHOCTpaHHOi
3
o6MeHa.
Kypca
ABH2tCHHH
OTpameHHeM
AHUXb
Bcero
BbipameHHbie B HagHOHaAbHOU BaAIOTe RBARIOTCH
CnOT , H3MeNeHHR 11eHHOCTH,
CTaBKe
pwcKoN
awArHTrHm
BaAIOTe. HAH, rOBOpH 6oAee KOHKpeTHO, pyKOBOACTBO 6aHKa AOA2KHO OTBeCaTb TOrO, 3a o6beM H npeAeAbI nOTeHuHaAbHbIx nIOTepb HHOCTpaHHOH BaAIOTbl, BHe 3aBHCHMOCTH OT C AOA2KHbl HAH He AOAmHbl aTH nOTepH 6bITb npH3HaHbl H OTpameHbl B COOTBeTCTBHH HHOCTpaHHOH
6yxraATepCKOii npaKTHKoH.
CyU4eCTByio1jeiC
HgMepeHue H orpa,HNemHe laAOTHOOro pHcAfa
AHH1.
pa6oHero
KOHeC
eC2eAHeBHO
Ha
Bblpam2eHbI
KaK
OTHOlmeHHH.
HIpeAeAbJ OrpaHH4HBaiOTCH
Kypca
PHCK
KOHTpOAHpOBaTb
HeTTO-OTKpbITbie HAH
aKTHBOB
KanHTaAa,
no
npH
pa3Mep
Hepe3
o6MeHa
3Ha-HMble
BaAIOTbi HAH no
nb1Ta}OTCA
noAxoAa
aTOrO
HCnOAb3OBaHHH
6blTb
MoryT
ApyrHe
AAH Ka2KAoH no3HUHH nO HOMHHaAy
BaAioTe
Ka2KAoH
nO3HUHH KaK
BaAioT
pHcKa
BaAlOTHOrO
nO3HUHH
OTKpbiTOU
TorAa
MeHeA2epbi
OTHOiieHHIO.
HpOeHTHOMy
pa3mep
72
6aHKOBcKoro
npogeHT
orpaHHqeHHA
H
H3MepeHH
orpaHHqHTb
'iTo6bi
TOM,
B
3aKAio'laeTca
npo6AeMe
K
noAxOA
06WHUi
HeTTO-OTKpbITOM
KaK
nO.3HjHH
npH6AH2KeHHe K OMeHKe BOSMO2KHbIX nOTepb, KOTOpbIe Mo2KeT npHHeCTH TaKaR nO3SHUHS.
TaKoH noAxoA MO2KeT 6bITb pacluHpeH HenOCpeACTBeHHO OgeHKOH nOTeHuHaAbHoi noTepH, AeiCTBHTCAbHO,
KOTOPYIO MO2KeT AbITb OTKpblTaA nO3HUUH. 3aAoKBeHO
noAxoAe:
Bbllue
OnHCaHHOM
B
ynpaBAeHHe
TaKOUf nOAXOA CBOeH
CTaBHT
npO.ICHneT UeAbIO
TO, HITO
orpaHH'irb
nOTeHi,HaAbHYIO BO3MO2KHOCTb nOTepb. pAH npfMOii OgeHKH BO3MO2KHOCTH nOTepb pyKOBOACTBO
71 CMbICA STOH npaKTHKH 3aKAIomaeTcA B TOM, MTO TeKyiUHA lopBapAHbli KYPC o6MeHa - 3TO KypC, npH M02KHO
KOTOpOM
HHOcTpaHHOH
BaAUOTe.
Me^2Ay
pa3HHjbi
SaXBaTblBaeT
3aKAMO9HTb
npOTHBOAeHCTByIOWHH
HSMeHeHIX
3aKpblB
CTaBKaMH
B CTOHMOCTH
q)yHKUHeg
BaAIOT,
COOTBeTCTBYIOIJHX
ABYX
OTKpbiTyiO
CaMbIM
TeM
q)OpBapAHbie Kypcbi o6MeHa ABARIOTCX
[IOCKOAbKay
npOIeHTHbIMH
KOHTpaKT,
92KTa
nOSHUHiO
KypCOB cnoT-o6MeHa H npaKTHKa
6yxraATepcKau
BaAIOT, npOHCXOAlyuiHe KaK BCAeACTBHe ABH2HeHHH
no
Kypca
TaK H B
o6MeHa,
pesyAbTaTe HSMeHeHHR npOUeHTtlOH cTaBKH. npHMeHAeMbie K nosHUXM B KOHUe KamAoro pa6o'iero AHR, 06brlvO HasbiBaioTcz
72 rpaHiubi, OAHOiH
o6MeHa
HO'H .
B TemeHHe
6
pbtHKa.
CO bITHA
IpyMKXHOHHPYIOT
OHH
nepHoAa, KorAa
B
6aHKax
c
AAA
ynpaBAeHHA
6aHK BaKpblT,
6oAee
aKTHBHbIMH
noMeiulaTb sariHcH
pa6oqero
,4pyraA
AHX,
jeAb
pHCKa HAH
TaKHM o6paBoM,
saK"AIOaeTCA
HaKonAeHHIO
OCTaBAAA
PHCKOM
aHKOBCKHM
H, TaKHM o6pasoM,
HCnOAbsOBaTbCsl rpaHHFbl na OCHOBaHMH npHRUHna YTO6bI
6
onepaIHMH KOTOphIH
6aHK B nOBHUyH
B TOM, MTo6bl OrpaHH'IHTb ABHm2eHHI
281
rpaHHU1aMH
HaMeHeHHH
Kypca
He HaxoAHTcR B no3HWHH pearmpoBaHHs B
HHOCTpaHHOH
B Te'eHie AHX . OAHa pHcKa,
B pe3yAbTaTe
HB
MOryT
Ha
TaK2Ke
yeAeA STOrO 3aKAlO4aeTcH B TOM,
He mOmeT
npeBbiLueHHX
B&AIOTe
6
blTb xeAmUipoBaH
CBOHX AHMHTOB
K KOi4Wy
HOmHbIX rpaHHgI
npOUeHTHOOi CTaBKH B TemeHHe OAHOrO AH4.
.
Yjrpeizeewe pyxoro,cTra o onpeAeAReT
pa3Mep
y6blTKa,
o6MeHa npH ero ABH2KeHHH TaKylO
OneHKy
nOTeHUHaAbHOrO nOTepH,
KOTOpblH
BO3MOmHOrO
AeAaeT
Kypcy o6MeHa.
npeAnoAaraembie AaHHoM
cAyqae
HAH
OAHO
H3
KaK
ABH2eHH.1
Pa3mep 3
KaKOH-TO
AOXOAbi
HAH o6igHA
KanHTaA.
06bFqHO
ABAHeTcH
o6ecneqeHHe
cepbe3Hblx
OgeHKe
H3MeHCHHH
H3MeHeHHH 6
Toro 'ITo bi
AOnyIl_eHHH
o6MeHHoro
ripoH!BeCTH
B
Kypca
xypca
OTHOiIeHHH H
BbInHCAReT
TOT AHMHT MOmeT 6blTb Bbipam2eH KaK a6coAioTHaR npOUeHT
HenocpeACTBeHHOH
cAy'ae
nepeogeHKy OTKpbITOH nO3HUHH 6aHKa no BTOMy nOTeHU¶HaAbHbIX nOTepb, KOTOpbie MorAH 6bl HMeTb
eKHiiH
He6AaronpHHTHbie
B 4aA5
HeCKOAbKHX
wTO
oTcqeTa, UCAbIO
HanpHMep,
PYKOBOACTBa
noTepH H3-sa
B
H3MeHeHHR
o6u4ero AoxoAa 6aHKa.
nOTeHUHaAbHbIX
Kypca
BeAHHHHbI OCHOBHOH
rapaHTHH,
Kypca BaAIOT He noBAeKyT 3Ha%IHTeAbHoro coKpangeHHI IpH
HaHeceH
npOBeAR
MeCTo B STOM CAy4ae, AHMHTHpyeTCH. nOTepH
6biTb
He6AaronpHsTHoro
KOTOpbie nOHec 6bl 6aHH,
BeAHICHHa
Mo2KeT
vvwcrTBreAbHoc7w K j7epemezHam
IIPOTHB OTKpbITOH nO3H4HH 6aHKa.
PYKOBOACTBO
rHnOTeTHqeCKOMy
lIoBArureHof
y6blTKOB
oqeHb
Ba2KHO
-ITo6bi
o6MeHa
HcnOAb3yeMbie B TaKHX BlAqHCAeHHSX npeAcTaBAMLAH 6bl KOHcepBaTHBHyIO (yMepeHHylo) oUeHKy npeAnoAaraeMbzx 6yAyu4Hx ABHmeHHH Kypca o6MeHa BaAlOTbl. HeAocTaToMHO o6OcHoBbIBaTb ogeHKY Ha npH6AH3HTeAbHbIx HAH BePORTHbIX ABH2KeHHRX Kypca o6MeHa. OqeHb nacTo PYKOBOACTBO B nopHAKe ynpaBAeHH.R pHCKOM 2meAaAo 6 bl HMeTb XyAIIIHH cUeHapHH nOTCpb B CB513H C CaMbiMH He6AaronpHHTHbIMH ABHmeHHRMH
Kypca
o6MeHa.
OnpeAeAeHHe
"npaBHAbHoro
3aBHCHT OT XapaKTePHCTHK
Ha!HOHaAbHOH
H HHOCTpaHHOH
cBo6oAHo
HaMHOHaAbHOH
BaAIOTOH
TBepAoH
KOHBePTHpyeMoH HHOCTpaHHOH
BaAIOTe,
KOHCepBaTHBHaS
H
OUeHKa
He6AaronpHHTHoro BaAIOTbI.
TaM,
ABH2teHHH
A&.H 6aHKoB
rAe 6aHKH
HMeloT
CTpaH CO nO3HUHH
B
He6AarOnpHHTHOrO
ABH2KeHHR Kypca o6MeHa BaAIOT MOmeT 6biTb BbiBeAeHa H3 aHaAH3a npouxAoro OnbITa B BTOM OTHoIIIeHHH. 4Aw 6aHKoB CTpaH, rAe HMelOT MeCTO cepbe3Hbie H qaCTb!e npaBHTeAbCTBeHHbIe HHTepBeHUHH, KOHcepBaTHBHaR OgeHKa nOTCHUHaAbHOrO H3MeHeHHH Kypca o6MeHa BaAIOTbI AOA2KHa yqHTblBaTb, qTO KypC o6MeHa MO2KeT nOABepraTbCA 'aCTbIM H 3Ha'fHTeAbHbIM KoppeKTHpOBKaM. PYKOBOAHTeAH
6aHKoB,
pacnOAOmeHHbIX
pHCKOM HMmeHeHHH Kypca o6MeHa BaAIoTy.
CMblCA
aTOro
B
pa3BHBialgHXCH
CTpaHax,
MoryT
yripaBARTb
BaAlOTbl,
PaCCMaTPHBaH rpynnIy TBepAbIX BaA1OT JcaK eAHHyIO B TOM, 'TO pHCK, BO3HHKaIOl_HH OT nO3HUHH,
3aKAioqaeTcR
BKAIO'IalOIjHx OAHY TBepAYIO BaA1OTY KaK npOTHBOCTORU4yIO ApyroA (HanpHMep, o6sI3aTeAbcTBa B IBeCHMapCKHX ppaHKaX, PHHaHCHPYIOUJHe aKTHBbl B HeMeaKHX MapKax) o6brnHo ropa3Ao MeHblUle,
ieM
pHCK OT nO3HUHH, rAe HaMHOHaAbHaH1
oco6eHHOCTH KorAa o6R3aTeAbcTBa B TBepAOHi BaAIOTe).
BaA&OTe,
Ha
npaKTHKe aTa npomeAypa
HO CAeAyeT
npH3HaTb,
BaAIOTa llpOTHBOCTOHT TBepAoH BaAiOTe (B BaAIOTe (pHHaHCHpyiOT aKTHBbl B HagHOHaAbHOH
ynpoLiaeT
HTO TaKOH
ynpaBAeHHe
nOAxOA
no3HIHRMH
He 3aXBaTbIBaeT
nO
pHCKa,
HHocTpaHHOH BO3HHKaIoU4ero
BCAeACTBHe CKpelgHBaHH1I nO13HUHH B TBepAOH BaAMOTe.
I1POUEHTHblIH PHCK H AHKBHAHOCTb
O,rncawre IHO3HtjHH
Aame
TaM,
no HHOCTpaHHOH rAe
6aHK
BaAlOTe
nO'TH BcerAa
npHAep2KHBaeTCR
nOAHTHKH
Bbi3biBaIOT He
Aep2KaTb
pHcK
npoUeHTHOH
OTKpblTblX
HHOCTpaHHOH BaAIOTe, OH iaCTO MO2KeT nIOABeprHyTbCa pHCKy no npoMeHTHio
282
cTaBKe.
nO3HUHA
no
CTaBKe B BaAlOTe.
lPHilAOMfIEHHE3. Ynpaieooe saAMHMMmOCpHirom CpOXOB H3MeHeHHR
[IOCKOAbKy pHCK no npoueHTrHOH CTaBKe BO3HHKaeT H3-3a HeCOBnaAeHHR
06blqHO
CTaBKH.
npomeHTHoH
KaMAYIO
XeA2HpOBaTb
nOAHTHKOH
Co6CTBeHHOA
TorAa,
HOBylO
H no
AaTe
KorAa
6aHK
TOqHO,
CAeAKy O'eHb
TOqHO
H3MeHeHHR npoBoA,IT Co
cBoeH
qacTo
'iepe3
COOTBeTCTBHH
B
o6a3aH,
H
BaAIOTe
HHoCTpaHHOH
B
CAeAKH
orpaHH'IeHHbie
TOAbKO
MeCTO
HMeeT
BTO
H no o6bemy
Apyr Apyra
H ypaBHOBellHBalOT
npOTHBOnOCTaBAeHbI
MO2IHO
BaA1oTe
HHOCTpaHHOH
B
o6n.3aTeAbCTBa
H
aKTHBbl
Bce
KorAa
TOAbKO
H36emaTb
CTaBKH
npogeHTHoH
pHCKKa
o6a3aTeAbCTBaM,
H
aKTHBaM
no
CTaBKH
npOUCHHTHOH
KoppecnoHAeHTCKHH 6aHK. TOqHO
TaK,me
BO3HHKHOBeHHIO
cnoco6cTBylOT
BaAIOTe
HHOCTpaHHOH
no
nO3HUHH
B AHc6aAaHca B ABH2teHHH AeHeMHbIX CpCACTB no c'eTaM, Tpe6yH ynpaBAeHHH AHKBHAHOCTbIO 6 blTb 3HaqHTCAbHO OCAO2KHeHo, HHOCTpaHHOH BaAioTe. YnpaBAeHHe AHKBHAHOCTbIO Mo2teT KorAa
npeCRTCTBYeT CAeAKH
B xoAe ynpaBAeHHS
BO3MO2KHOCTH AA5i
BaAIOTe
B HHOCTpaHHOHi
CBo6OAHO
SIBAeTC9
He
BaAIOTa
HagHOHaAbHaH
HCnOAb3OBaTb
B
AHKBHAHOCTH.
geAeHi
'TO
nOTreCHUAbHO
CAeAKH-CnOT
H qlopBapAHbie
KOHBepTHpyeMOHi,
TaKHX
HeO6XOAHMO
CAyqaRX
MHHHMH3HPOBaTb AHc6aAaHc ABH2KeHHH cpeACTB no c'eTaM.
H3MepeNHe
gpoffeHIoM
H OrpaHHNeHHe pHCKa
H jHc&aHca
CTaRKN
ANNK,4HOCTN
papbIlBax
B
AHKBHAHOCTbIO
ynpaBAeHHR
aKTHBaMH H o6R3aTeAbcTBaMH",
pHcKa
HHOCTpaHHOiH
BaAIOTe.
rAe npHBOAHTCR
Ho
(CM.
O
coo6WeHHR
HcnoAb3oBaTb
6aHKoBcKoro
KOHTpOAH
H
OgeHKH
AAR
mepe
KpaHiHefi
nO
4OAMHbi
PYKOBOAHTeAH
"OpBapAHbIX AAR
H
CTaBKe
npoi eHTHOHi
HpHAO2KeHHe
2 "YnpanAeHHe
6
H ApyrHx 6oAee
onHcaHHe BTHX cOo WeHHAi
CA02Hb1X CHCTeM a TaKme noApo6Ho o6cymAaioTcrR pHCK no npoleHTHofi CTaBKe H
ynpaBAeHHe
AHKBHAHOCTb[O.)
KPE1WTHbIri PHICK
OJINCaRNe IO3SHUHH
no HHOCTpaHHOH BaA1oTe
HaH6OAee THHIHqHbIM Z4ame
XOTR
qtopMaAbHblii
H3 KOTOpbiX RBkeTCH 3a6aAaHcOBble
TaKHe
He
TeM
KpeAHT,
HeBO3MO2KHOCTH
naCTO npHHHmaIoT qopmy
KoHpareHTa
opBapAHbIH
KOHTpaKTb1 6aHKH
MeHee
KoHTpaKT B HHOCTPaHHOiH
noAsepraiowcn
BbinoAHHTb yCAOBHR KoHTpaKTa.
LeAb1O
cBoefi
HMCIOT
He
3a6aAaHCOBbiX KOHTPaKTOB,
73
npeBpaTHTbCH
B
H3-3a
pHCxy
KpeAHTHOMy XapaKTep
BaAloTe.
B
PHCKa MeHReTcC
3aBHCHMOCTH OT TOrO, npOHCXOAHT AH BTO HCBbinOAHeHHe no HCTe-CHHe cpoKa KoHTpaKTa HAM AO HaCTYnAeHHR ero 3peAoCTH. PHCK KoHTpaKTa
HeBbinOAHeHHS H3BecTeH
KoHTpareHTaMH
KoHTparcHToM
KaK
YCAOBHHi
PHCK yperyAHpoBaHHR".
no
AOCTHmeHHH
OH BO3HHKaeT
3peAOCTH
KaK pHCK
Toro,
COBepUHA
TaKyio
'TO
KoHTpareHT
BbiLAaTy
He
npoHsBeAeT
KoHTpareHTy.
CAcAaB
niAaTema
nonpaBKY
KorAa
B MoMeHT,
AOAKCH nPHO3ofiTH o6MeH nAaTem2aMH B pa3AHIHbIX B
3a6aAaHcoBoro
6aHK,
BaA1oTax
mew.y
H npOsBAReTcR
nocAe Toro KaK
Ha pa3HHW
BO
6aHK
BpeMeHH
6 CTaBKaM. 73 CiAeAyioUHe paccymKAeHiA npHMeHHMbl TaK2Ke AA 3a akaHCOBbIX KOHTpaKTOB no llpOUeHTHbm
283
no
YxpeizieHHe pyKOBO4crTra iN IIOBbMOrrHH. 4acoBb1M
noSIcaM H Ha
TOAbXO B
TeqeHHe HeCKOAbKHX MacoB pa3pbIBa
Pa3HHUY
COOTBeTCTBYlOUMHX
mAaTemeeH,
caMbJx
cAyqaRx
KpaHHHx
HeBbInOAHeHHe
vyNcTBNTeAIIHOCTN
B 'iacax pa6oTbl,
AKlepeMeHax
Mbl o6bIHO HMeeM pHCK yperyAHpoBaHHR
BO BpeeMHH Me2KAY OTnpaBAeHHeM H noAy'eHHeM
HO pa3Mep nOTeHUHaAbHb1X y 6 blTKOB MO2KeT 6blTb 6oAbmHM. Mo2KeT
KOHTpareHTOM
noTepRHa
6blTb
o6sn3aTeAbcTBa
nOAHaR
CAcAaTb
cyMMa
nAaTe2Ka.
COOTBeTCTByIOIjHH
B
06bWiHo
n1AaTe2K
HoCHT
BpeMeHHblH xapaKTep. B TaKHx cAyqaax 6aHK qpaKTHqecKH npeAocTawBAeT cBoeMy KoHTpareHny HeBOAbHY1O XpaTKOCp0'HyIO CCYAY. 7 4 HeBbinoAHeHHe
KOHTpaKTa no HHOcTpaHHOH BaA1oTe tiale
rHoTeHuHaAbHbie
y6bITKH
-
STO
CTOHMOCTb
KoHTpaKToM, npeAYCMaTPHBalOU4HM yCAOBHH,
3aMeHbl
HMeeT MeCTO A0 yperyAHposalHn.
HeBbInOAHeHHOrO
HAeHTH%IHbie TeM,
KOHTpaKTa
HOBbiM
6
KoTopbie He
blAH BbinoAHeHbl. HpHBeAeT AH TaKoe 3ameujeHHe K nOTepHSM HAH llpH6biARM AAR 6aHKa 3aBHCHT OT ABH2eHHH pbIHKa, Ha%IHHaH c AaTbI, cAeAy1one%eH 3a AaTOH nOAnHCaHHH nepBOHa-'aAbHOrO xOHTpaKTa. 06bIPHo, KoHTpareHT He BbinOAH.9eT TOAbKO TaKoH KoHTpaKT, no KOTOpOMy 6aHK 6yAeT HMeTb npH6blAb B pblHOMHOH CTOHMOCTH. 7 5 TaKHe KOHTpaKTbl, 6 yAb OHH BbInOAHeHbi, npHBeAH 6bl K nOTepRM Am1 KOHTpareHTa.
HoTepH 6aHKa - aTa Ta CTOHMOCTb,
eCAH 6bl KoHTpareHT BbInOAHHA yCAOBHR KoHTpaKTa. noTepio
TOAbKO
KOHTPaKTy
KaK
ynyigeHHyIo
BePOS1THO
HeBepHo
BO3M02mHOCTb1) ,
PaCCMaTPHBaAaCb
KaK
KOTOPYJO OH 6bl peaAH3oBaA, 6blAo 6bl paccMaTpHBaTb
HOCKOAbKy
BO3MO2KHOCTb
noAy'eHHaS
nOKpblTb
npH6blAb
nOTepH
no
aTy no
ApyroMy
KOHTPaKTy H BO MHorHx CAyMaRx yme 6bIAa oTpa2KeHa KaK AoxoA.
fgMepeHrne H OipaHHIYeHHe ArpeXHTHOrO pHCxa O6beM rLAaTe2Ka,
KpeAHTHOrO KOTOpbliH
pHCKa
AOA2KeH
rpH
peaAH3aMHH
6blTb CAeAaH
KOHTpaKTa
6aHKoM.
-
aTo
a6coAIo'rHaR
BeAH'HHa
BeAHqHHa
KpeAHTHOrO pHcKa, KOTOpblH cyigeCTBYeT A0 yperyAHPOBaHHH KOHTpaKTa, eCAH TaKOBOH cyUgecTByeT, 3aBHCHT OT ABHmeHHH Kypca o6MeHa BaAIOTbi BCAeA 3a 3aKAioqeHHeM KOHTpaKTa. ECAH KYPC MeHmeTCR B nOAbSy 6aHKa, aTO nopo2KAaeT Kpe,HTHbl PHCK. ECAH KYPC MeHReTCE npOTHB no3HUHH 6aHKa, 6aHK He HMeeT KpeAHrrHOrO Kypcy
o6MeHa
pHCKa. ,Z5o 3aKAjoieHHH C KOHTpareHTOM 3a6aAaHcOBoro
HHOCTpaHHblX
BaA1OT
pyKOBOAHTeA10
CAeAyeT
OUeHHTb
K9HTpaKTa no nOTeHUHaAbHbIH
KpeAHTHbliH PHCK, KOTOpbIH Mo2KeT fIORBHTbCR B Te'ieHHe AeHCTBHE KOHTpaKTa. -leM AOAbBie CPOK KOHTpaKTa H MCM 6oAee HOABH2KeH KypC o6MeHa, TeM 6oAbllHii CyHeCTBY1OIHH KpeAHTHblH pHCK no OTHOllleHHIO K HOMHHaAbHOH CTOHMOCTH KoHTpaKTa. 4AR yMeHbweHHH yperyAHpoBaHHIo
H
KpeAHTHorO rpaHHUb1
pHCKa 6aHK AOA2KeH
no
o6bemy
AAR
oTAeAbHO
Ka2KAoro
YTBepmAaTb
KoHTpareHTa,
C
rpaHHUbi
no
KOTOpjiM
6aHK 3aKAioqaeT 3a6aAaHcOBblA KOHTpaKT no Kypcy o6MeHa HHocTpaHHoH BaAIOTbi. TaKoii rpaHHUefi RLBAReTcH npfAOCTaBAeHHe o6ugeH KpeAHTHOH AHHHH XAHeHTy B 6aHxe, o6beM KOTOpOiH AoA2KeH 6blTb YCTaHOBAeH KpeAHTHbIM oTAeAoM 6aHKa, a He oTAcAoM HHOCTpaHHOH BaAIOTbl. AHMHTbI
74
1IOMHMO
noABepraeTcH
KpeAHTHoro
pHCKaM
Kypca
pHCKa,
npHcyuero
o6Metia
H ripogeHTHOH
Ka2ICAOMy cTaBKH
TaKOMy saNMy, BCAeACTBHe
6aHK
TarHM
HenpeABHAeHHbIX
o6pasoM
HeBOAhHo
HaMeHeHHH
CBoei
nosHmUHH no HHOCTpaHHOH BaAIOTe. 75 KoHTpaKTmi, noKa3blBaoigHe yBeAH'eHHe pblHOHHOH CTOHMOCTH, BTO KOHTpaKTbl, B KOTOpblX KoHTpaKTHb&H o6MeHa 6oAee 6AaronpHaTeH AA 6aHKa, HleM cyWjeCTByioAHa Kypc o6MeHa. BoAee 6AaronpxsTHmIe
iKypc
KOHTpaKTHbie
KypCb1 o6MeHa OTpa2a1OT
4eHHOCTb A
6aHKa.
284
HPPlAOiJEHHE3. YnpaweAwee samowIOIM pACrKom mTO6bI OTpamlaTb TOT qpaKT, 'TO
TaKHM o6pa3oM,
AOA2mHbi 6blTb YCTaHOBACHbl
yperyAHPOBaHHS
3aHMa, XOTR H KoHTpaKTa MomeT BbIB3BaTb Heo6XOAHMOCTb npeAoCTaBAeHHhA 76 AHMHT no o6beMaM OnAaTbi nAaTema. Ha OReHb KOpOTKoe BpeMH, KOHTpareHTy AAH nOAHOH A yperyAHpOBaHHH B03HHKaeT H3-3a AOA2eH OTpamaTb TOT q)aKT, qTO pHCK nlOTepH KpeAHTra pbIHOiHOH BeHbl KOHTpaKTa I1PH 'yBCTBHTeAbHOCTH
yperyAHpOBaHHe
H3MeHeHHH B pbIHOMHOH geHe KOHTpaKTa.
no
arrperHpoBaHHOu
MaKCHMaAbHO
(popMe
B
BaAiOT,
ABYX
o6MeHa
B TeCeHHe
KOTOpbhe MOryTr1POAOA2KaTb AeHCTBOBaTb
KOHTpaKToB,
CTOHMOCTH
HOMHHaAbHOH
Kypca
HeyCTOUH'HBOCTb
H
BblpaflaeTCH
maCTo
o6beMa
OrpaHHmeHHOCTb
KOHTpaKTa
CpOKy
K
OTHOmeHHIO
nap BaAlOT. pa3AHnHbIx nepHOAOB BpeMeHH H AAH pa3AHqHbIx PHCK yperyAHpOBaHHH1 H KpeAHTHbIH
AoBepeHHyIO
nlOAy,eHHH
0
AOrOBOpeHHOCTb
Hepe3
yMeHbUeH
TpCTb1O
CTOpOHy,
TOM,
KOTOpbIe
npoH3BeAyT
BbUnAaTy
'epeB
npoH-BeAeHbl
6blAH
nAaTe2KH
xITO6bi
3aTeM
KoHTpareHTa
OT
PHCK yperyAHPOBaHHH MOmeT TaKme 6blTb
o6ecne'eHHq B 6aHK.
3aAoroBoro
npeACTaBAeHHS
nlOTpe6oBaB
pHCK MOMHO COKpaTHTb
TOAbKO
XoHTpareHTy
no
COOTBCTCTBYIOlgerO IlAwTCma OT Hero.
CTPAHOBOI Pi4CK OHNCaHNe pHCK
CTpaHoBOHi
pHCK
aTO
-
nIOHeCTH
y6bITKH B cAy'ae,
KOrAa KoHTpareHTIb
6
cBoeBpeMeHHO rAe
npoH3BeCTH
noCTaBKY BaA1OTbl H3-3a o CTOHTeAbCTB,
q)yHKUHOHHpyIOT.
OHH
OnepaIHH
C
HHOCTpaHHOu
7 7
HanpHMep,
BaAIOTOi,
CyucCTByIOHX
cAyqae
MOmeT BbI3BaTb 3aeP?KKy C OCYeCCTBAeHHem
rAe
HaxOAHTcH.
OH
B
KpaHHeM me cAyMae
BbIXOAa
K AOCTaTO'lHb1M
CMOryT
BbInOAHHTb
STO
PbIHKaM HHOCTpaHHOH
TpeAOBaHHH
B
o6s3aTeAbcTB
MCCTO B CTpaHe,
HHOCTpaHHOH
H
KOHTpareHToM
BaAIOTe
KOHTpareHTbl no
CBOHM
Ha
B AyqIIUeM
OrpaHHMeHHH,
Mome'T 6blTb noTeps1 CTpaHOH
BaAIOTbI,
MoryT
orpaHHueHHi
npaBHTeAbCTBOM
HaAO?teHHe
MOAH(HKXagUH
HMC1OU4HX
He
B CTpaHe,
BO3MO2KHOCTH
B AaHHOH
CTpaHe He B
KOHTpaKTaM
TeCeHHe
TCM cTpaHaM, rAe HCTOpHIIeCKH CTpaHOBOu pHCK oco6eHHo OTHOCHTCH K HX HagU1OHaAbHOH BaAIOTbl. He CAO2KHAaCb H He coxpaHHAacb KOHBCpTHpyeMOCTb
AAHTeAbHoro
nepHoAa.
HAMepeNme iN OrpamHYeHHe CTpaHOrOFO piicja
B
npHUHHne Bce CAeAKH,
BKAio'aIo1JHe
BO3HHKHOBeHHe Ae6HTopcKoH
3a4OAmeHHOCTH
B
H3MepeHHe H orpaHHmeHHe CTpaHOBOrO BaAlOTe, MOrYT BbI3BaTb CTpaHOBOH pUcK. 6blTb 6 HTopcKoH 3aAOAmeHHOCTbIO, KOTOpaA AOAmHa pHcKa npeAnoAaraeT ynpaBAeHHe BceH Ae npaKTHKe AAR KoHTpareHToB, AeHCTByOUJHX B noraileHa KOHTpareHTaMH B KamAOH cTpaHe. Ha rAe cyUgeCTBYeT nOTeHUHaAbHaR yrpo3a BaAlOToH. HAH TaM, CTPaHaX C HeKOHBepTHpyeMoii HHOCTpaHHOH
76 AA MHOrHX KoHTpaKToB, TaKHX KaK CnOTBaAioTe, cyMMa nAaTema H eCTb noAHaA HOMHHaAbHali
H qopBapAHbxe KoHTpaKTbl
Ha onepaujH
B
HHocTpaHHoH
CTOHMOCTb KOHTpaKTa.
OTHOIIeHHIo K TeM CTpaHaM, rAe cTpaHoBoro pHcKa HMeeT 3HameHHe He TOAbKO no qHANaAOM KoHTpareHTa, HHocTpaHHbiM 6aHK HMeeT AeAo C pacnoAomeHa uTa6-KBapTHpa KOHTpareHTa. ECAu 6 o6e&H OTHeceH K bM MOteT pHCK KOTOporO pacnoAomeiia B ApyrOH CTpaHe, cTpaHoBoH
77 OTMeTbTe,
oT0oegeHKa
urra6-KBapTHpa
eTpaHaM.
285
YEpeILeAHHe pJyOBO,4eTB HOiO3brweIHfJl BOSHHKHOBeHHH
HeXBaTKH
HHOCTpaHHOfi
lyBTmCTnTAbHOcN
BaAIOTbl,
Ar iepeCmeHNa
KoHTpareHTOB
4AM
AOA&Hbi
6blTb
yCTaHOBAeHbl orpaHHqeHHH.
YrIPABAEHHE nO3HUHAMH nO HHOCTPAHHOi1 BAAIOTE CoBeT
AHpeKToPOB H BbicLIlee pyKOBOACTBo 6aHKa AOAmHbl onpeAeAHTb, AoA2KeH AH 6aH!K H Ao KaKOii CTeneHH ripoBOAHTb CAeAKH B HHOCTpaHHOi BaAIOTe. 4AR MHOrHX 6aHKoB pecypcbl, Tpe6yeMble 4AM npaBHAbHOrO ynpaBAeHHH pHCKOM no HHOCTpaHHOH BaAIOTe MBAMIOTCR HeAOCTynHbIMH. ApyrHe 6aHRH paCCMaTpHBaioT nOTeHUHaAbHbie pHCKH, CBR3aHHbie C BeAeHHeM CAeAOK B HHOCTpaHHOH BaAIOTe, KaK pHCKH, nepeBemnHBalonAHe nOTeHMHaAbH3YO npH 6 blAbHoCTb 6H3Heca. 3 TH 6aHKH MOryT pelUHTb He AeiiCTBOBaTb KaK OTBeTCTBeHHOe AHMO B CAeAKaX C HCUOAb3OBaHHeM HHoCTpaHHOiH BaAioTbI, a npeAnoqTyr nponyCKaTb Bce Heo6xoAHMbJe Hx KAHeHTaM onepaUHH C BaAIOTOBi 'iepe3 KoppecnoHAeHTCKHe 6aHKH.
Tam,
rAe
H3MeHeHHH
6yxraATepcKas
H npaiBoBaM
6aHKoBcUHx
oriepagHfi
Kypca
o6MeHa
onpeAeAloTcCM
CHCTeMbi COCPeAOTa-HBaIOTCM
B
HHOCTpaHHOfi
BaAIoTe
pbIHOqHb1MH
cHAaMH
Ha pe3yAbTaTax pbJHKa,
onHpaeTCM
Ha
H
rAe
rpoBeAeHHe
pa3yMHY1O
AHCUHnAHHY. PYKOBOACTBO AOA2KHO C4HTaTbCM C pblHOHbIMH cHAaMH. OHO AOA2KHO CTpeMHTbCm oBAaAeTb HOBbIMH HaBbIKaMH H yqHTbCM yMeTb OUeHHBaTb pa3yMHble PHCKH H noAylaemoe Bo3HarpamAeHHe sa AOrIYCTHMYIO CTerieHb BaAlOTHOrO PHCKa HHocTpaHHofi BaAiOTbI. PyKoBoAHTeAH CTpeMxTCM CoBepiIeHCTBOBaTb CBOeBpeMeHHOCTb H TOqHOCTb CBOHX HH(JOpMaUHOHHbIX CHCTeM MTO6bi o6AerimHTb AAR ce 6 BO3MO2KHOCTb KoHTpOAHpoBaHHH PHCXOB H
noAyieHHA
XeAC2HpOBaTb o6ecnelrHBasl C'IHTaTb
npH6blAH.
CBO60AHblfi
(cTpaxoBaTb)
roS3HUHH
OCHOBy AAR pasyMHoro
npHeMAeMblM
AOcTynI
Aepa2KTb
B
K
AHKBHAHbIM
HHOCTpaHHOH
Ba.AoTe
ynpaBAeHHH PHCKOM.
OTKpblTbie
PbIHKaM
HpIH
no3BoAAeT
AerKo
H
6aHKaM
Bq4peKTHBHO,
THX YCAOBHHX 6aHKH MOIYT
r1O3HMHH
AAM oCy1geCTBAeHHH Bo3MO2KHOCTH npeAoCTaBHTb KAHeHTy Heo6xoAHMblfi saeM H Oca3aTb eMy Aeno3HTHbie yCAyrH, nOCKOAbKy OHH HMeioT BO3MO2KHOCTb 6 biCTpO H3MeHHTb aTH ro3HgHH, eCAH B BTOM BO3HHKaeT HeO6xoAHMOCTb. TaKHe 6aHKH MOryT TaKme OCyljeCTBAMTb He6OAbUIHe ToprOBbie onepa1HH AA4A TOro IT06bl pacMHpHTb CBOHi AOCTyln K pb1HKaM KOHTpareHTOB H YCOBepwleHCTBOBaTb CBOH 3HaHHH YCAOBHH pblHKa. TaKHe
YCAOBHH
HaIIHOHaAbHOH
BcerAa
He
BaAIOTbl 'aCTO
MomeT 6blTb orpaHH-ieH, HeaqxpeKTHBHbIMH.
Te,
cyigeCTByIOT
KOHTpOAHpyeTCM
a npaBoBofi pemHM KTO
pyKOBOAHT
B
pa3BHBaiolgHXCA
cTpaHax.
CTOHMOCTb
rocyAapCTBOM, AOCTyn K HHOCTpaHHOH H CHCTeMa 6yxraATepcKoro y'eTa
pHCKOM
no
Kypcy
o6MeHa,
BaAIOTe
moryT 6blTb
He
noABepraeTcH Bo34eiiCTBHIO pbIHO'IHbIX CHA HAH BAHqHHIO BHeJIHefi AHCgHrIAHHbI. m4acTO 9TH pyKOBOAHTeAH HNMeiOT MaAbIH OrbIT H CTpeMsTCM He BXOAHTh BsOCTOAHHO MeHRiOU4HHCM xapaKTep pblHKa. 4 lacTo TpyAHo 6biBae'r nOAyqHTb CBOeBpeMeHHiylO HHqopMmUHo no OTKpbITbIM nO.3HUHMM. HeAocTarOK HHqlopMaUHH AeAaeT OrpaHH'ieHHe pHCKa 6eccMbICAeHHbrM. OKa3blBaloTCH 3aMeTHbIMH TOAbKO Ha BTane nepexoAa cTpaHbi opHeHTHpoBaHHoH cHcTeMe NAH KorAa Kypc o6MeHa
4AAI
6aHKoB,
HHOcTpaHHON
KOTopbie
BaAIOTbi,
pemaior
.3aHmTbc
Bbiclllee PYKOBOACTBO
H
286
gHaqHTeAbHo
6HsHecoM,
CoBeT
3
TH HeAoCTaTKH 'qacTO K
6oAee
pbIHOMHO-
nepecMaTpHBaeTcA.
CBM3aHHb1M
AOA2KHbi
C
HCnOAb3OBaHHeM
rapaHTHpoBaTb
IpOB4AeHHe
f7PHAOMEHME 3. onepalHH
B HaAe2KHbIX YCAOBHRX
onepaQHH
H
npaBHAaMH Ha
OCHOBbIBaTbCR
AOA2KHbI
PHCKa
npHHfTHe
c
H B COOTBeTCTBHH
pONeomW
Ympawe,rne BaAIOTHrmN
H npaKTHrOi.
Macurra6
KasecTae
npoUecca
o6u4eM
Ha
B CTpaHe, B KOTOpOH pa6oTaeT 6aHK H ynpaBAeHHH pHCKOM H Ha xapaKTepe BaAlOTHbIX pblHKOB 6aHKa H ero nepcoHaAa, cBoeBpeMeHHOCTb H ero KoHTpareHTbI. OnbIT H 3HaHHA ynpaBAeHUi pHCKa YCTaHOBAeHHb1X AHMHTOB HHpOpMmaIHOHHbIX CHCTeM H 8W4eKTHBHOCTb TOqHOCTb IpoUecc npogecca ynpaBAeHHR pHcRaMH. H1BARIOTCH KAio-1eBb1MH xapaKTCPHCTHKaMH Ka'iecTBa 6yxraATepcKHMH npo;eAypaMH, pHCKOM AOA2KeH noAAep2KHBaTbCH HaAe2KHb]MH
ynpaBAeHH5
TeXHOAOrHei. BCeCTOpOHHHM BHyTpeHHHM KOHTPOACM H aAeKBaTHOH
YnPABAEHUiE BAAIOTHbIMI OnIEPAUHRMH 06ag!aNHmocT
IeTKo
H
HeceT OTBCTCTBeHHOCTb
noApa3AeAeHHe)
rapainrpyeT co6AioAeHHe orpaHHqeHHf no pHcKy. B
3aBHCHMOCTH
Apyroe
(HAH
BaAIOTe
HHOCTpaHHOH
B
cAeAoK
3a npOBeAeHHe
onpeAeAeHbi
6blTb
BaAIOTOH
HHOCTpaHHOH
ynpaBAeHHR
OTAeA
06blqHO
RCHO.
AOA2KHbI
BaAIOTbl
HHOCTpaHHOH
o6MeHOM
ynpaBAeHH.I
O6Sl3aHHOCTH
OT pa3mepa
H
opraHH3agHH
,eAeH KaKoe-To 4eTKO BbiAcAeHHOe AAIR 8THX OTAeA no pa6oTe C HHOCTpaHHOH BaAIOTO14 HAU a nOAroTOBKY OTqeTOB AAR PyKOBOACTBa. UHH3H oTBeMaeT 3a onepaH nOAPa3AeAeHHe
CTpaHOBoro
KpeArTOB
C
cBHSaHHbli
TaKasi
6aHKy.
no
6blTb
AOA2KHbi
pHCKa,
rpaHng
YCTaHOBACHHc
3a
OTBCTcTBeHHocTb
HHTerpHpOBaHbI
UiHTerpaUHR
H
B
peryAHpoBaHHe,
YTO
o6ecnesmBaeT,
o6ugHfi
nOTeHUHaAbHbli
3aeMuHKa/KOHpareHTa
cAy'ae
Ha BblAaIy
o6feM npoUecce oAo6peHHs
B
KOHUCHTpaUHH
CTeneHbIO
BbICOKOU
KOHTpareHTOB
AAR
HAH
pHCK, CTpaHbl,
ynpaBARqeTCSl.
IlOANTmKa H BaHKH
AOA2KHbI
AHmHTbr
HMeTb
nHCbMeHHO
nOAHTHKy,
H3AO2KeHHyiO
AeTeAbHOCTb
onpeAeAsIoiyio
TaKoH nOAHTHKH 3aKAioMae-Tcs B TOM, no HHOCTpaHHou BaAlOTe. UeAb nHCbMeHHoro H3Ao2KeHHR AHpeKTopoB (HAH H HaMepeHU5 cTapLuero PYKOBOACTBa H CoBeTa MTo6bi nepeAaTb o2KAaHsHH o6pa3oM AHHeUHoMy pyKOBOACTBY H nepcoHaAy. TaKHM Apyroro 8KBHBaAeHTHoro opraHa) ,eAoM B H fnoAyqaTb OAo6peHHe CoBeTa AHpeKTOpOB. noAHTHxa 4AO Ha nepecMaTpHBaTbC CTeneHH COBeTa H cTapiuiero pyKOBOACTBa K pa.3HOH nOAHTHKa AOA2KHa OTpa2KaTb TepnHMOCTb KaK CAeACTBHe AeHTeAbHOCTH C HHOCTpaHHOH BaAIoTOH.
pHCXOB, BO3HHKaiOUJHx IOAHTHKa HHoCTpaHHOH
BrAiO'aTb
AOA2KHa
BaAIOTbl
KOpOTKOrO
OTAeAbHO 8
arperHpOBaHHH.7
H
OrpaHH'eHHsi
cBR3eH. OTpe3Ka AAH
BpeMeHH
BceX
BaAIOT
1H rAe BTO Heo6xoAHMo,
6
BMeCTe
AOA2KHbi
nO3HIHHM,
no
AOA2KHbI
6
OrpaHHNeHHf,
Ha
Onepa4uH
B
npeAAaraioTcq pyKOBOACTBOM oTAeAa
06bIHHO aTH BHyTpeHHHe AHMUTbI
BaAIoTe.
BHeUlHe-BKOHoMHLqecRHx 'per3Bb1iiaHHO
yTBep2KAeHHe
q)opMaAbHoe
OTKpblTbIM
blTb YCTaHOBAeHbl
C
nOMOl_qblO
B
M AARamAorO
npHeMAeMbIX
TeqeHHe BHAa
MeToAoB
blTb YCTaHOBAeHbl AHMHTbI OAHOrO AHRH79
rIOTreHjHaAbHaB Ha OUeHKe nlOTeHHaAbHbix nlOTepb B OTAeAbHbIX BaAiOTaX, 6 ECAH 6 orpaHH'eHHiO. blTh noAseprnyra H camam no'repA no KaaKAOH BaAIOTe MO2eT blTb arrperHpoBaHa BaAoByio HAm o61Uw1. no3HUHH no KaBKAOH BamIOTe, OrpamHHeHHR OCHOBbIBalOTCH Ha paBmepax OTKpblTOH 78 EcAm npeAeAbi OCHOBbIBalOTCM
287
YwpeiLewre p.OROBTCTe
AHMHTbi
AOA2KHbl
a N HoIRfIrueHHff qylYBTreIIHAbroCrH
OCHOBb1BaTbCM
AHMHTbl Ha 6oAee noABH2KHbie no
AHMHTOB
Ha yCTOHSHBbJe
oKa3aTbcH
BaAlOTa
BaAloTbI.
HCnOAsb3OBaTb
COBOKYnHOCTH (HanpHMep
oeHKCe
nOTepH.
nOTeHgHaAbHOH
Boo6ule roBopz
Kypcy H meHee AHKBHAHbie BHAbl BaA1OT AOA2Hb1
AHKBHAHbIe
npHeMAeMbIM
Ha
K HepeMeHam
ECAH
eAHHbZH
nO3HUHH
AHMHT
A.AA BaAIOT EBpOneKi!CKoro
AAH
OTHOCHTeAbHO rpynnbl
6blTb HHme
MaAbJ,
TBePAblx
Mo2reT
BaA1OT
B
BaA1OTHOrO colo3a). KorAa Ha&HOHaAbHan
IOABepraeTCR
pHCKy 3HaqHTeAbHOH AeBaAbBaUHH, BCe KOpOTKHe nO3HMHH B HHOCTpaHHOH BaAioTe AOA2KHbI cTporo orpaHHqHBaTbC9, B oco6eHHOCTH KOpOTKHe nio3HUHH no TBepAoH BaAioTe.80 [oArHe nO3HgHH B BaAIOTe, nOABepraiou4eiicsi AeBaAbBaMHH, HAH HMelO11eiHCH B OrpaHH'eHHbIX o6beMax 6e3 BO3MOMKHOCTH BbJXOAa Ha ApyrHe o6beMbl, Tateie AOA2KHbI cTporo orpaHH4HBaTbC51. 8 1 MeXaHH3M, C nOMOJ13blO KOTOpO roYCTaHaBAHBa[OTC3 H yperyAHpoBaHHIO
H CTpaHOBOe
AOAmeH 6blTb 3aqpHKcHpoBaH
orpaHH'eHHe
B AOKyMeHTe,
OrpaHH'ieHHH no KpeAHTaM KOHTparcHTy
C nepeAaqeH
nOAHOMOqHH
BHelllHeMy OTAeAy,
H3AaraioL_qeM
nOAHTHKy 6aHKa. B AOnOAHeHHe K arrperHpOBaHHoMy AHMHTY nO KpeAHTaM AAH Ka2KAorO KOHTpareHTa AOA2KeH 6blTb yCTaHOBAeH AHMHT pHCKa yperyAHpOBaHHH AAR o6beMa CAeAKH (HAH CAeAOK), KOTOpbIe MoryT 6blTb yperyAHPOBaHbl B OAHH KaKOH-AH60 AeHb. 4OA2KeH 6bITb yCTaHOBAeH CTpaHOBON YCTaHOBAeHHOMy
AHMHT
Ha
nOAHbIH
TeppHTOpHH OrOBOpeHO, BHeCIHeFO
pHCK,
KamAOH 'TO
CBH3aHHbIH
OTAeAbHOH
CTpaHbI.
AHMHTbI AOA2KHbl
OTAeAa
H
ITO
OHH
CO
BceMH
B
KOHTpareHTaMH,
TeCKCTe
6blTb YCTaHOBAeHbl
AOA2KHbl
H3AO2KeHHR ICTKO
nepHOAH%ieCKH
pacnoAaraiouj3HmHc nIOAHTHKe
H AOA2KHbl
AOAMHO
Ha 6bMTb
6bITb AOBeAeHbl
AO
nepeCMaTPHBaTbCR
H o6HOBAHTbCH. IJpHMeHHMbie K npOgeHTHOH CTaBKe no HHoCTpaHHOH BaAIOTe H HO AHKBHAHOCTH B HHOcTpaHHOH BaAlOTe, TaK2KC AOA2KHbI YCTaHaBAHBaTbCH nOAHTHKOH 6aHKa.
AHMHTbi,
B AoKyMeHTe, HMAaraioigem nOAHTHKy 6aHKa, AOA2KHbi 6bITb onpeAeAeHbl HopMaTHBbi 6yxraATepcKOAii OT'eTHOCTH H HOpMaTHBbi nepeogeHKH
MHHHMaAbHbie
nOS3HHH nO HHOcTpaHHOH
BaAIOTe, y-ieTa.
B(AIO'IaA
4AAH UeAeH
'aCTOTy
npOBeAeHHH
TaKHX
nepeogeHoK AAH
MeAeH ynpaBAeHHR
H eAeCH 6yxraATepCKoro yqeTa nepeoUeHKH o6bIqHO AOAMHbI npOBOAHTbCR BO BpeMH
OTKpb1TyIO no3HJHIo M02KHO OnpeAeAHTb COeAHHeHHCM OTKpblTbIX no3SHHH no HHAHBHAyaAbHbIM B&aAOTaM OAHHM HS HeCKOAbKNX Cpoco 6 oB. CaMbIH KOHCepBaTHBHblH MeTOA npeAnoAaraeT a6cOAWOTHbie SHameHHR BCeX oTKpbIThx nosHUHR no HHOcTpatHOH BaAIoTe. 3 ToT MeTOA BKAionaeT HCXOAHOe AonylleHHe, 'iTO BCe nOSHUHH MOrYT npHBeCTH K y6biTKaM oAHoBpeMeHHo. ApyrHMH CAOBaMH, OH AoryCKaeT, 'TO yeHbi BCeX HHOCTpaHHbIX BaAIOT MoryT MeHSTbcR He6AaronpHRTHo AAA nosHUHH 6aHKa. BTOPOH MeTOA - STO HCIIOAb3OBaHCe 6oAblieH no BeAWIHHe
CyMMbI - Bcex AoArHx nO3HUHa UAH Bcex KOpOTKHX nORHAH KaK ocHoBaHHR AAR rpalH5UbI no i3ceM OTKpblTbIM rIOSHjMRM. STOT MeTOA BKAJOmaeT HCXOAHOe AOr1yUmeHHe, 'TO ABHMeHHe geH BCeX HHOCTPaHHbIX BaAIOT 'acTwIIo KoppeAHpoBaHo. TpeTHi MeTOA AAA o6beAHHeHHS HHAHBHAyaAbHbix noBHUHi saKAo'maeTcA B noraineHHH KOPOTKHX no3HUHH B HHOCTpaHHoN BaAJOTe npOTHB AOArHx 3 no3HUHI. ToT MeTOA AaeT pe3yAbTaT, HAeHTH'Hbiii HeTTo-nO3HUHH B HagHoHaAbHoH BaAioTe H BKANOMaeT HCXOAHOe npeArOAomemHe, MTO ABHemHHe UeH BCeX HHOCTpaHHbIX BaAIOT nlOAHOCTbIO COrAaCOBaHO. aTOT MeTOA o6bliHo He CqHTaeTcI AocTaTo'iHo KOHCepBaTHBHbiM AAA AwO6blx 3a HCKAIO'eHHeM oqeHb orpaHHmeHHbIX AeHCTBHH C HHoCTpaHHO1i BaAIOTOH.
79 IjpH MHHHMYMe AHMHTbl OAHOrO AHA MorAH 6aHK
BeAeT TpaAHUHoHHbie
MOIYT npeBbIllaTb AHMHThl
80 TaKHe nO31NgH
oriepaIHH.
IOSHJHH,
OAHOii 1109H1
'facTo
6
bl 6brrb npHeMAeMbIMH AAA Tex orpaH'ieHHbix cAy-faeB,
flBAsnIOWHeCR
pe3yAbTaTOM
TOprOBAH
B
Te4eHHe
OAHOrO
BO MHOrO pa3.
B03HHKaKOT
KaK peByAbTaT
BHeWHHHX
3aHMoB 6aMKa HAM
H3-sa AenosHTo0
HHocTpaHHoH BaAIOTe KAHeHTOB 6aHKa.
81 TaKHe
no3HUHm 'faCTO RBAMIOTCJ
rAe AH41
pe.3yAbTaTOM (pHHaHcHpoBaHHS
288
9KCnOpTa B PaSBHBalOWHCHc
CTpaHbt.
B
I7PHAOXfEHHE 3.
Ympa&temNe BaAroHmmM pHCKOo
AAR H oTqeTa pyKOBOACTBY HAH BO BpeMH nOAIOrOBKH HHtpOpMaLUHH AAA UeAeH yynpaBAeHqecKOH HH(popMaUHH HBeCTOpOB H/HAH HlHpOKOH o6igeCTBeHHOCTH. B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT pa3mepa H 3HaqHMOCTH A0A2tHbl nPOBOAHTbCq 6oAee qacTbie nepeoieHKH, HOpMaTHBbl nepeo0eHKH, nO3HUHH no HHOCTpaHHOH BaAIOTe. IOAHTHKa AOAMHa OnpeAeAHTb KaKOrO-TO HOPMaTHBHOrO
KOTOphie
OnpeAeAH1OT
HHOCTpaHHoH BaAIOTe AAx
8AeMeHTOM
no
nOTepb
nO3HUHAM
B
Ka'1eCTBO
H
pMCKOM o6WHM
ynpaBAeHHi
npogecca
npoBeAeHHeM
3aHHMaiou4erocq
opraHH3agHH RnepcOHaAa,
CTaTbH
BHyTpeHHeH OT'eTHOCTH.
IeAeH
HlpOgCCC ypIpaAeRHHH KpHTHMecKHM
Ha
OTHeCeHHe
H
YCTaHOBAeHHe
HBASeTCH
pHCKOM
CAeAoK
BaAioTe.
HHOCTpaHHOH
B
blTb COnOCTaBHMbI C o6beMoM onepaflHH HOArOTOBKa, HaBb1KH H OnbIT nepcoHaAa AOA2KHbI aAeKBaTHbIH BHyTpeHHHH 6aHKa. FepcoHaA AOAmeH 6blTb opraHH3oBaH TaK, qTo6bi o6ecne'HTb 6
lpog0eAYpbl,
KOHTpOAb. AOAmHbi 6bITb pa3pa6oTaHbl 3aHHMaTbC.R
pa3peUleHo
C
onepaijmw
COOTBeTCTBYI0O1He nepCOHaAy,
HHOCTpaHHOH
BaAIOTOH,
Heo6XOAHMO
KOTOpOMy
o6ecneqeHHe
6aHKoBcKofi no3HIIHH no HeMeAAeHHOH H TOHHOH perHCTpaUHH BceX CAeAOK AAA OTCAemHBaHHS OTTIeTHOCTH H npaBHAbHOH KamAOH BaAIOTe, Ami o6ecneteHHA TOMHOCTH 6yxraATepcKoi BHyTpeHHero MoMeHTOM KpHTHLiCcKHM H HCXOASUHX nAaTemeeH. BXOAHIHX o6pa6oTKH 6 -ITo bi pa6OTHHK, OTBeTCTBeHHbIH 3a KOHTpoAR S1BASHeTC1 o6eCne'eHHe TaKoro nOAOmeHHH, 1 AoKyMeHTagHH, nAaTeC2KHo npoBeAeHHe onepaUHH, He npHHHMaA 6bl y aCTHR B o6pa6oTKe CAeAKH, peryAHPOBaHHH HHoCTpaHHOH peryAHPOBaHHH BXOAZH1HX H HCXOARHIHX UOATBepmAeHHH AAH pyKOBOACTBa. BaA1oTbl, CHHMaeMoH c 6aHKOBCKHX cqeTOB H nOArOTOBKe OT'eTOB Ba2KHbl AAA ynpaBAeHH$ no3HHeiH CHCTeMbI TO'HOH H CBOeBpeMeHHOH HHpopMa!aHH O'ieHb pHCKa. PyKoBoAHTeAH 6aHKa no HHOCTpaHHOH BaAOTC H C06AIOAeHHS COOTBeTCTBY101HX rpaHHs Ha AOCTHmeHHe BTHX IeAeH B AOA2KHbl o6ecneqHTb HanpaBAeHHe 6aHKOBCKHX PCCYPCOB pa3pa6oTaHa 6blTb IAOA2KHa HHq)OpMailHH. Heo6xOAHMoH nOAy'eHHS o6AacTH no OTKpblTbIM nO3HUHRM B CTaHAaPTH3OBaHHaR OT'eTHOCTb AAI nepeAaqH HH4opMagaHH Ho3HUHRM CTaBKaM, npOUeHTHb1M no qpopBaPAHbIM no3HgHHM BaAIOTe, HHoCTpaHHoiH Ho3HIHH H pHCKH AOA2KHbl AHKBHAHOCTH H nO CTpaHOBbIM H KOHTpareHTCKHM pHCKaM. 6
coo
JaTbcsI
rOTOBHTbCR
CBOAHOH
Ha H
OCHOBe.
npOBePHTbCSI
KaK
AHIIaMH,
y2me He
yKa3bBaAOCb
OTBeCa1oigHMH
Bbliue,
3a
TaKHe
onepaUHH,
OTqeTbl
AOA2Hbl
npOBOAHMbIC
B
HHOCTpaHHOH BaAIOTe. AOA2KHbi 6blTb KpaTKHe OTMeTbI, nOArOTOBAeHHbie AAR HHqpopMalHH cTapuiero PYKOBOACTBa, qTo6b1 o6ecnerHTb qeTKHMH H TOMHbIMH. Fo MHHHMyMY AOA2KHa 6blTb paspa6oTaHa CHCTeMa, HAH H3 npHHaToH npH KOTOpOM BCe HCKA1O0eHHH H3 onpeAeAeHHbIX AHMHTOB 6 pyKOBOACTBy 3a npeAeAaMH npaKTHKH H nOAHTHKH HeMeAAeHHO AOKAaAbIBaAHCb bl CTapmiemy HAH CAy'1aeB HaPYUIeHHH oTAeAa. 4Aq cAyqaeB HCKAO'oeHHH 1H3 HOpM nOAHTHKH TaKoe nOA02KeHHe,
BHeemHero
YCTaHOBAeHHbIX
npeAeAOB
6 0 bIqHO
pyKOBOAHTeAeH
BHeUIHero
oTAeAa.
Heo6xoAHMo PYKOBOACTBO
3apaHee AoA2KHO
paspeiueHHe
nOAy9HTb 6blTb
B
COCTOHHHH
CTapluiHX oe,eHwrb
npeAeAax, noTepH, KOTOpbie MO2KeT nOHeCTH 6aHK, AeiCTByH B AOrlYCTHMbIX Kypca o6MeHa BaAIOT. HCXOAH H3 AOCTaTOHO KoHCepBaTHBHOH1 o0eHKH H3MeHeHHH nOTeHUHaAbHb1e
PyKOBOAHTeAH
no3HHfi
cAy2K6 KOHTpOAH
6aHKoB Ha KOHCl
3a 6aHKaMH
pa6o0ero AHe
BO MHorHx CTpaHaX
onpeAeAHIOT
rpaHHgbi
(OT OKOHqaHHH OAHOrO pa6oqero AHR Ao HaiaAa
289
YJEpenUeIee pJ'oBo,4CTBa N IORMBIIIWeNN Apyroro). TaKHe
rpaHHI&bl MoryT
BceM
B
nO3HUHRM
MNCTBNHCADHOCTN
6blTb YCTaHoBAeHbi
no
K JiepeMeHaa
OAHOH HHOCTpaHHOH
BaAioTe H no
B HeKOTOPbIX CAyqaRx py0oBoAHTeAH ycTaHaAHBalOT o6u4Hii npeAeA AAR Bcex 6aHKoBs, KOTOpblIH qacTo onpeAeAAeTca aKTHBaMH HAH xanHTaAoM. B ApyrHx CAyqa5!X PYKOBOAHTeAH npHMeHR1oT HHAHBHAyaAbHbie orpaHH-'eHHS AAR KamAoro 6aHKa, pHCKOM.
HHOCTpaHHoU
OCHOBbJBaf5Cb
BaAIOTe
Ha CBOHX
BMeCTe.
npeAcTaBAeHH9x
o
Ka'ecTBe
npogecca ynpaBAeHHR
B
MOCAeAHee BpeMA PYKOBOAHTeAH cAym6 KOHTpOAH 3a 6aHKaMH BO MHOrHX pa3BHTbiX CTpaHaX HanpaBHAH YCHAHH Ha onpeAeAeHHe Tpe6oBaHHH K KanUnTaAy Ha OCHOBaHHH nO3HMHH 6aHxa no HHOCTpaHHOH BaAioTe. IlpHAep2KHBaRCb AOCTaTO'HO KOHCepBaTHBHOH OgeHKH, TaKHe Tpe6oBaHHR K KanHTaAy 6yAyT yMeHbiuaTb OqeBHAHyJO Heo6xoAHMocTb YCTaHOBAeHHR
orpaHH'ieHHH 6yAyr
nO3H%HH no HHOCTpaHHOH BaAlOTe Co CTOpOHbl peryAHpyKouHX opraHoB. BaH K nOsHMHJO no HHOcTpaHHoH BaAIOTe no CBoemy 2KeAaHHIO, npH HaAHqHH
3aHHMaTb
aAeKBaTHOrO
KanHTaAa
CHH2airOT HeO6XOAHMOCTH
AA!
noAAePmKH
nowtUHH.
Ho
npaBHAbHO (PHKUHOHHpylO_HX
290
TaKHe
Tpe6oBaHHsl
K
XanHTaAy
BHyTpeHHHX orpaHHiqeHHH
nO3HMHH.
He
IIPHAOKEHHE 4. OHEPAgHOHHbIHH 0PHHAHCOBblIHKOHTPOAb am
Am
KOHTpOAb
sHyTpeHHHH
aBt1peKTHBHbli
HMeTb
BamHO
mH3eHHO
6aHKoB
6e3OnaCHOCTH o6ecneReHHH ()HHaHCOBOA geAOCTHOCTH, AAR 3ayUHTbl aKTHBOB BKAaA4HKOB H AAM pa3MepOB
OT
3aBHCHMOCTH
ero
6aHKa,
OpraHH3aUHOHHOH
lpaKTHqecrH
cHcTeMe.
A106011
npOBeAeHHaR
KamAaa
HO
CAOMHOCTH,
nlpHCYTCTBOBaTh B
AOAlHbi
HMeeT
CAeAKa
6aHKoBcKaSR
B
MeHrrbCJ
yAeT
H
CTpyKTypbI
KOTOpbie o6s3aTeAbHO
CylgeCTBYIOT HeKOTOpbie Ba^2Hbie aAeMeHTbi,
6
KOHTpOAA
BHyTpeHHero
CHCTeMbI
CAomHocTb
MoIIIeHHHqeCTBa.
npOTHB
acneKT
KOHTpOAR.
3peHHR KOHTpOAH.
ynpaBAemecKom
TaK2me
a
pesyAbTaTbi,
B
nlOAXO4Ae
lepcneKTHBa KOHTpOAH KOHUeHTpHpyeTCA
AHHaMHqHa.
TaKaa
KOHTpOAR.
qOpMbl
BbInOAHeHHe
CTpaTerHR,
nOAiepKHBaeTCx
peKoMeHAyeMbie
OTMeC'aiOTCA
nepCnCKTHBbl H C TOuIH
C ynpaBAe'ecKoKH
BaHKOBCKHe (YHKUHH MOMHO aHaAH3HpOBaTb
H
nepcnexTHBa
Ha COXpaHeHHH aKTHBOB H o6ecneqeHHH
1 onepaUrni, BblnOAHeHHe TOYHblX H HaAe2HbIX AaHHbIX no c eTam, co6AboAeHHH aqxfpeKTHBHOCTH
H npoIeAyp. 82
npHHRTOH nOAHTHKH
B
lpHAO2KeHHH
AaHHOM
npHeMbl TaKOro
3aAa'H
AAM OnpeAeAeHHR ax4peKTHBHOCTH
OnfHCbi3alOTCR
H
KOHTpOAR
BHyTpeHHero
OTHpOuieHHR.
OpraHH3agUHOHHbie
H COOTBeTCTBYlOUlHe
KOHTpOAH
npoBepOsHbli AHCT
o6cynKAaioTca
HpHAaraeTcx
BHyTpeHHerO rOHTpOAH.
3a,gauM RHTrrCNHerO JorHTPO BHyTpeHHHf KOHTpOAb OHIU6oK,
nOTepb H HapymCeHHH
6e3onacHocTH,
AMepHKaHcKHA
Ba2KHa AA
KOHTpOAb (BayaH H YOAKep,
TaKHM o pa3oM,
1978
CAeAYlOUIHM o6pasoM
onpeAeAHel
rmaH
opratHHm3aN m
OAFoHaHM3UHN (6NSHeCe) AAR
scex CErOOp4HHNpOwImx
vmr6w
MM,,
(3)
IpoBepClrb TOYHOCrb H HA4ewHocrb oTeVwHbrx 4aHHrx; onepagHi.
&eKnWBHoCTH
T BHyTpeHHHH
r):
MeTO.40B H MCp, JTNHJHRX B ,4aHHO CBOH aKHBmb; (2)
CHCTrMa
y'ieTy AAM
no 6yxraATepcromy
CneUHaAHCTOB
npeAnpHHTHH
BiyjrpeHHmN7 OHToArpoAz 14pe,4Crammr Co6o0
JASBBHTHIO
6
xopomiero 6aHKoBcRoro ynpaBAeHHJ.
HHCTHTyT AHnAOMHpOBaHHb1X
H rOCYAapCTBeHHbiX
HaAemHOCTH,
AAR o6ecneqeHHR
aB4eKTHBHOCTH H 3aKOHHOCTH 6aHKOBCKHX onepaUHi.
KOHTpOAA 'peBBbiqaHHo
aNKHOHepHbIX
BCIKOro poAa. OH Heo6xOAHM
nOTeHmIAbHbiX
npOTHB
RBAMexTCR OCHOBHblM MexaHH3MOM 3a14HTbi
(4)
nooujpjzm
(1)
OXpai7Vb
cnoco6crosaaT pCKOMCH4OBRaHHO
co6AI0o4eHe
yIpa&IeHvec.Om J7OAIf7wKm. Aio6ax KOHTPOA.9
CHCTeMa
BHyTpeHHerO
COCPeAOTa4HBaIOTCR
npH OAHOBpeMeHHOH
KOHTpOAH9
Ha BOMOMHo
MHHHMH3aUHH
pHCKOB,
HMeeT 6oAee
MHO?eCTBO
3aAaq.
3
nIOAHOM AOCTH2reHHH
Ha pa3BHTHH
aAaqH
(PHHaHCOBbiX
aBqXqeKTHBHOCTH
pamKax npHHSToH IOAHTHKH BeAeHHR onepagHi H Ha o6ecneieHHH
pHHaHcOBoro
eAefi
AeRTeAbHOCTH
HaAeMKHOCTH,
s
TOnHOCTH H
KpeAHTHbIMH pHCKaMH R 4iaHcoom ynpanAexe TCAbKo X aCneKTy paCcMaTpHmamOTcB K&ax BceoxBaTaiaaiole ynpau3AeH4ecKHe npoi2eccbi, npHA02KeHHe OTHOCHTrC 82
TarKHM
o6pa3oM,
xOr
iB xHHre
ynpaaeHHe
KOHTPOAJI KpeAHTHOrO H qHHaHCOBOrO ynpaBAeHHI.
291
YKpenieHHe p ooo,CTRa CBOeBpeMeHHOCTH
oJ
'lyDCTBNTeAbHocr
HHq)opMajUHH,
(PHHaHcOBOU
HCIOAb3yeMoH
nepexesax
K
B OTCienTHOCTH
AAHf
H
npHHHTHR
pelueHHH.
Ip,exIr BHyTpeHHHUi
KOHTpOAb
AeHTeKAbHOCTH
cHcTeMy
BH)TpeoHero KOHrpOAJH
npHmeHeHHHI 6ymarH,
MeHHbie
TpaCTOBCKYIO
6aHKa
6aHKa: onepagii
AOA2eH
HHwOpMaUHH,
TOprOBY1I
OXBaTbJBaTb
no o6pa6oTKe BeAOMOCTH
AeRTeAbHOCTb,
AeHTeAbHOCTb,
B
BeAeHHe
K onAaTef,
AenO3HTbi,
AeRTeAbHOCTb
OCHOBHbie
AaHHbIx,
o6ujero
KpeAHTOBaHHe,
3aeMHbie
HTepecax
H
(pyHKUUHH
"pOMbl
mypHaAa
y'eTa,
HHBeCTHgHOHHbXe
Cpe4CTBaB,
BAaAeAbUeB
H
xeA2uHpoBaHHe,
CpeACTB
a
TaK2Ke
onepaHuuH C HaAHqHOCTblO. OcHoBHbIe npHeMbI BHyTpeHHero KOHTpOAR *
pa3AeAeHHe (PyHKHH';
*
o 6 3op cAeAoK;
*
OTieTbl 0 Pe3yAbTaTaX;
*
BeAeHHe 3anHcH o6 onepagHix H CAeAKaX;
*
o6yqeHHe;
*
*
o6ecne-eHHe 3a%UHTbl AaHHbix/3auHTHbie yCTpOHCTBa H MeXaHH3MbI; flpHeMbi 3aIAHTbl OT OIIIH 6 0K nepCOHaAa;
*
KOHTpOAb 3a OIIIH6KaMH B paCqeTax.
Pa.a4eAeune qpyrNKqlN npH
BKAio'ialoT:
pa3pa6oTKe
yCTaHO&AeHHe nOAHOMOqHH
AOAo2KHa
npeACTaBAffeT co6oA CaMbIU OCHOBHOH HHCTpyMeHT,
BHyTpeHHero
CHCTeMbI
ypOBHeH H
H
(HKCHpOBaHHbie
o6ecneqHBaTb
BbInOAHeHHJO
AHHHH
(pyHKUHH
OTnpaBAeHHeM AaHHOH
nOCKOAbKy
nOA4qHHeHHOCTH,
o6R3aHHOCTH.
BO3MOKHOCTH
OnpeAeAeHHb[X
ABAHIOJ4HXCH
KOHTpOAff,
KaK
EpyHKUHH,
a
THKme
HAH
3anHCH
xpaHeHHe
'eTKoe
AeAerHpoBaHHe
opraHH3aUHOHHaR
HecOBMeCTHMbX
pa3peuieHHIo
HCnOAb3yeMblH
o6ecneqHBaeT
COOTBeTCTByiOIjee
npaBHAo,
pa3AeAeHHR H
OHO
cTpyKTypa
o66R3aHHocTef onepagHH
HAH AOCTyn
H
no
CAeAOK,
K aKTHsaM
B
AonoAHeHHe K BeAeHHIO perHcTpaIHH AaHHbix aKTHBoB.
060Bop
MO2iKeT
HMeTb
AO
MeCTO
6
FlpeABapHTeAbHblii
o 3op
onepaRuH
MO2KeT
BCKpbITb
H
nOCAe
nomoraeT
npoBeAeHHR
KOHKpeTHoi
npeAyripeAHTb
onepagHH.
HenpaBHAbHyJO
HAH onepaUHio0, nOCKOAbKy AH4O, rOTOsaiiee o63op 3HaeT o cCeAKe. 0 6 30p nocAe COBepu1eHHR onepafHH He MOKeT npeAynpeAHTb OCyLUeCTBAeHHe HeCaHKUHOHHpOBaHHOi HeCaHKMHOHHpOBaHHYIO
onepalgHH,
HO
corAacOBaHHH
cqeToB.
4
AOCTaTO4HO
OH
OTqeTHOCTH
MO2IeT
o6ecneqeHHH T.aTeAbHbIM
ee
npoBeAeHme.
o 6 3op
HanpHMep,
BCKpblTb HeCaHKMHOHHpOBaHHoe
HCnOAb3OBaHHe
a 4XeKTHBHOCTH KamAoro o63opa Heo6xoAHMo, H
nOAHbM IATo6bI
BCKPbITb
rOTOBsJIee TaKoH o 6 30p, AOA2KHo 6blTb HeC3aBHCHMbIM
oUH6KH
HAH
6aHKoaBcKHx 6aHKOBCKHX
mTo6bi o6sop 6biA ynyujeHH.I,
a
AHgO,
OT AHUa, 'IbM AeffTeAbHOCTb RBAIHeTCSI
CoAep2aHHeM AaHHoro o63opa. OTqeTHOCTb o6ecneqHBaeT HHcOPMagHio 0 nOKa3aTeARx pa6oTbl yqpe2KAeHHH, cHHaHCOBbIe H OTKAOHeHHH OT 6ioAmeTa H cTpaTerCHecKHx nAaHOB. KpoMe Toro, OnepaIHOHHb1e
YCAOBHSI OT'eTbl
OTACAOB
npeACTaBAAIOT
AOnOAHRI0OgHHi AeRTeAbHOCTb
co
6
o0
noATBep2KAeHHe
aHyTpeHHero KOHTpOAH.
292
CAeAOK
H
onepagHHi
H
o63op,
HP7PAOAEHHE 4.
OIIepagmNoHMN N JNOHaHCORiPjN KONTpoAh
KOHTpOAS. BaanIcH Ipe3BbiNaHHO BamHbl AAR o6ecne9eHHH BHyTpeHHero 6 BHeEIHerO ayAHTa. OHH cyuCcTBeHHO OHH o6AerqalOT o 30p CAeAOK H pa6OTY BHyTpeHHerO H OpraHH3agHH. Ba2KHbl Ami noAAep2KH HH¢OpMaUHOHHbIX OTMeTOB BHYTpH
CooTBeTCTByIFDyHe
O6yqeHre
paciUHpHeT
3HaHHe
TaKoe o6yqeHHe AOA2KHO c
pa6oTHHKa
o6sI3aHHocTefi
HHAHBHAyaAbHbIX
BbinOAHeHHR
CBB3H
o6bEcHeHHe
BKAio'aTb
o6ecneqHBaeT
'TO
3a c%IeT Toro,
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH.
H
CBOHX o6R3aHHocTei!
COTPYAHHKOM
Ka2KAblM
KOHTPOAb
BHyTpeHHHH
oTo6bi pa6oTHHKH meTKo nOHHMaAH B3aHMOCBR3b
o6!JJHMH 3aAiaiaMH H nOAHTHKOH 6aHKa, TaK
BbInOAHeHHR HHAHBHAYaAbHbIX H KOAAeKTHBHblX 3aAaq.
OxpaHa
AaHHbIX
AocTyna H oxpaHy AaHHbIX npH nepeAaqe. CeHi(pbi C HaAHqHOCTbIO, Kamep
HecaHKgHOHHpOBaHHb!X
H
onepagHHH,
ABepeH H yCTaHOBKa
coopy2KeHHC CneHHaAbHblX
AocTyna
HeCaHKcHOHHpOBaHHoro
OT
.3aWHTy
o6ecneMHBaIoT
TaKHe KaK S3anHpaiou Hec
OxpaHHb!e yCTpOHCTBa,
nOABaAbi-XpaHHAHula,
AAR oxpaHbl
HcnOAb3OBaTbCR
AOAmHbl
aACKTPOHHoro
KOHTpOAR
AOcTyna,
cH3HHeCKorO
KOHTpOAH
Tpe6yeT
OT
H/HAH
qrnSH'eCKHX
H
qIHHaHCOBbiX aKTHBOB Be3Ae, rAe BTO BOSMOKHO.
HlpneMbi
BaUIgTbl
OT
nepcoHaAa
OIUH60K
BHyrpeHHero KOHTpOAR 3a c'eT o6ecne'eHtM onepagHfx H
KaCCOBbie
(KaAbKyAHTOpbl,
yCTpOHCTBa
yCTpOHCTBa,
HeMexaHH'IeCKHe
TOMHOCTH npH 3anHcH-oTqeTe
HenpeAHamepeHHbX
npo¢HAaKTHKe
annapaTbi,
o npoBeAeHHbIX MexaHH'ecKHe
BKAoIiaioT
OHH
oIuH6OK.
MaHHHbl)
6yxraATepcKHe
a
TaKme y'ieTe,
3anHCH B 6yxraATepcoKM
BeAeHHe ABOHHOH
HanpHMep,
coBepueHcTBosaHHIo
cnoco6cTByloT
He3aBHCHMbiH nepeclieT pe3yAbTaToB. OMH60oHOCTH
KOHTPOAb
ayAHTOpbl,
BHyTpeHHHe
H
ayAHTOpbl
a X eKTHBHOCTb CHCTeMbI
OTCAem2HBaioT OTqeTbl,
BHeUHHe
KaK K nepcoHaAy TaK H K KAHeHTaM. nOCTORHHbie npoBepSHoq.He npOBepHIOT H
OTHOCHTCH
pacqeTOB
3
BHyTpeHHerO KOHTpOAA 6aHKa.
TH rpynnbi
rOTOBST
Tpe6ypouHe HCMeAAeHHbIX H TUIaTCAbHbIX AeHCTBHH Co CTOPOHbI Heo6xOAHMOCTb npHHHTHH mep AAR nOBbllleHHH YPOBHR BHyTpeHHerO
OTMeqail HeAoCTaTKH,
pyKOBOACTBa, onpeAeAHiOT
nPeACTaBAHeT
KOHTpOAR.
CDHHaHCOBOe
ynpaBACHHe
OCHOBHOro
noCToHHHoro
B3aHMoAe4CTBH3
co6oiu
(HHTepeuica)
npaBHAbHO
BCeX
Bbi6paHHylo
TO%IKy
KoMnoHeHTOB
He3aBHCHMbIX
ayAHTOPCKoro npoUecca 6aHKa. 8qXfeKTHBHOCTH
HoAAep2KaHHe
o6CTOSITeAbCTBaM
H3MeHM101oqHMC.R
HCnOAb3OBaHHH 6ecnoAe.3HbIMH HOBbIX.
OT
COCTOSHHS¶ H
HHqOpMmaHOHHOH CyUMeCTByIOUJHe
BHyTpeHHerO KOHTpOAH Tpe6yeT H
KOTOpaR H
qOpMbi KOHTpOAH
cpeAe,
OnlepagHOHHOH
MeHAIOioeHCH
TeXHoAorHH,
nOCTOflHHOrO BHHMaHHR
MOmKeT
CAeAaTb
BKAIOlaR
POCT
YCTaPCBUIHMH
noTpe6oBaTb pa3pa6oTKH
K
H
H BHeApeHHR
peryAMPHb!C 0630pbl HMCHH CoBeTa AHpeKTopOB pyKOBOACTBO AOA2tHpO npOBOAHTb 6 ayAHTOpCKOH AeHTeAbHOCTH CHCTeMbl BHyTpeHHero KOHTpOAR, He3aBHCHMO OT Aio of
BHOCHTb COOTBCTCTByIOIIHe
YPOBHH KOHTpOAR,
KOppeKTHBbi AAA o6ecneneHHA
COOTBeTCTBylOlCerO
HOpMaTHBaM
CpaRHeNHeeBHyrpeHHerO ay,gra OTAeA
BHyTpeHHero
KOHTPOAR
H onpeAeAAeT,
ayAHT TaKme
ayAHTa B KaKOH
oTBemaeT
6
noAAepmaHHR o6uyero BblCOKOrO
aHKoBcKoi
NTBHyRTpeoserO 3a
npoBeAeHHe
qpOpMe co6ioAIoAaeTca
nOAHTHKH.
ICOHTPOAN o63opa
BHyTpeHHHi KOHTpOAb.
o6ecneqHsaeT, YTo6bI BCe pa3pa6oTaHHbie npoUcAypbi
293
CHCTeMbI
Ami
BHyTpeHHerO BHyTpeHHHii
o6 pa6 oTKH onepaJumi
-
YxPemuAeOme pywrO8oCTBa O moBbzorleHHH 'lyBCT8rIIeAbHOCTH K iIePeMeaff T.e. nepeBoA nAaTe2Kefi,
COAep2laAH
aAeMeHTbl
KalllHpOBaHHe 'IeKOB, BbAliaqa npeAOCTaBAeHHbIX KpeAHTHbIX
BHyTpeHHero
HMeeT 2KH3HeHHO Ba2KHyio
AAA
KOHTpoAH.
6aHKa (JyHKgHIO npOpHAaKTHKH
AeHCTBHH H coSAaHHe CHCTeMbi COKpaJi_CHHH BO3MO2KHOCTH
B leAoM aKTHBOB,
H OCHOBHOM,
HX q)HHaHcoByio
:Ta
6
Mo2KeT
blTb
npOBeAeHHeM BTO
MO11IeHHHqeCTBa B CaMoM 6aHKe.
3a aq4peKTHBHOCTb
HCnOAb3OBaHHH
ayAHT
H
6
Bcex
aHKoBCKHX
H nOBbilmIeHHe peHTa6eAbHocTH
AOA2KHa
ocyUgeCTBARTbcR
COBMeCTHO
ayAHTa. CAeAoBaTeAbHo o6H3aHHocTH BHyTpeHHero ayAHTopa
HT3AaraeTCH
peBH3opoB,(UHTHpyeMbix 6
H
orepagHOHHbIi
(pHHaHCOBOrO
KpaTKO
ayAaHT
H o6Hapy2HeHHA moJIeHHHqecKHX
HanpaBAeHHOCTb Ha CHH2KeHHe ce6ecToHMocTH Ha3BaHa
CpeACTB -
BHyTpeHHero
oTAeA BHyTpeHHero ayAHTa OTBe'iaeT 3a coxpaHHOCTb 6aHKoBcKaHx MenAocTHOcTb, H, TeM CaMbIM, oxpaHy Ao6poro HMeHH 6aHKa. Ho
8TOT OTAeA TaKme AOA2KCH OTBeqaTb pecypcoB.
oTAeA
aToro
FIOMHMO
B
MaTepHaAaX
HHCTHTyTa
BbiLIIe no BayBHy H YoAKepy,
AHnAOMHPoBaHHbIx
1978)
C
(KaK
6yxraATepoB-
CBOAHTCH K CAeAyiOgeMy:
3op
*
COCTOHHHH H OleHKa HaAe2NHOCTH, aAeKBaTHOCTH H npHmeHeHHH 6yxraATepcKoro, qJHHaHcOBorO H ApyrHXBHAOB onepagHoHHoro KOHTpOAH H crioco6CTBOBaHHe pa3BHTHio 8q4peKTHBHOrO KOHTpOAH, OCYUJCCTBAHeMOrO npH yMepeHHbIX SaTpaTax.
* *
onpeAeAeHHe CTCneHH co6A0oAeHHA npHHRTOH nOAHTHKH, nAaHOB H npogeAyp. onpeAeAeHHe CTeneHH yMeTa aKTHBOB KoMriaHHH H CTeneHH HX OXpaHbl OT BC^KOrO pOAa nOTepb.
*
onpeAeAeHHe
o
HaAemHOCTH
ynpaBAeHqecKHx
AaHHbIx,
noAyqaeMbIX
B CHCTeMe
camoro
6aHKa. *
oMeHKa Ka-ieCTBa HcnOAHeHHH o6H3aHHOCTeH
*
peKoMeHAaU5HH opraHHsagHoHHoro COBepICeHCTBoBaHHR.
,4AH
o6ecneqeHHA
HenOCPeACTBeHHO
o6beKTHBHOCTH
CoBeTy
npoBePKH
BCKpbIBaIOT
o6ecneMHBaIoT aToro
BBCHKy1O
noA KOHTPOAeM cAy2K6o01
AOA2IeH
nOAqHHBThbCS
KOTOpbliH
BAAeTC3i rAaBHbIM opraHoM, 6AaronoAyqHe 6aHKa. BHyTpeHHHe ayAHTOpcKHe
npoBeAeHHH
Heo6xoAHMocTb
He3aBHCHMOMY
ayAHTOp B HAeaAe
6aHKa,
(3HHaHCOBOe
co6paHHaq
KBaAHc)HUHpOBaHHoMy
nIpOBOAHT
H
HX peaAH3agHio
HH)OpMa&gHq,
BHyTpeHHHH
AHPeKTOPOB
OTBeCqaioUWHM 3a 6e3onacHocTb
H 3aAaHHH.
KoppeKTHBHbIX
CoBeTa H/HAH
BHyTpeHHerO
emeroAHbIH BHeMllHHH ayAHT 6aHKOBCKHX
PYKOBOAHTeAR
ayAHTa,
AHnAoMHPOBaHHOMy
MeponpHHTHH
6aHKa. 6
AOA2Ha
blTb
6yxraATepy-peBH30py,
onepagHH (CM.
PHCYHOK
A4.1
H
locAe
nepeAaHa KOTOpbiH
BHYTpeHHHi
KOHTPOAb).
KonrpoALb plera: Me2r0NAHaAhbHbMe o Mem6aKORcOsKe cirepi MHorHe
6aHKH B pa3BHBailoMHxcH cTpaHax
IlPOBOAIT corAacOBaHHe Me2K6aHKoBCKHX CqeTOB roAa, B TO BpCMH KaK Me2KOTPaCAeBble cqeTa jacTo Boof61e He nOCKOAbKy 'aCTO Ha6AIoAaiOTcH 3aAep2KKH BO BpeMeHH
TOAbKO B KOHCe qpHHaHCOBOrO
Ho
cOrAacOBbiBalOTcR. CAeAOK
memxy
o6bflBAeHHR
6aHKaMH
H
3Ha'IHTeAbHbie PaCXO2KAeHHH TeopeTH'ecKH,
aTH
peaAbHOCTH HeKoTOpbie Mo2KeT
BbI3bIBaTb
HcnpaBAeHHR
BTHX
Me2KAy
8
(pHAHaAaMH
AaHHOrO
6aHKa,
HeH36emtHO
BO3HHKaioT
6aAaHcax.
pa3AH4HR
BAHHIOT
TOAbKO
Ha
6aAaHcoBblA
oTqeT.
pasAcAb1 MOrYT OKa3blBaTb BAHHHHe Ha C'eT npH6blAeH
OUIH6KH.
B)e3
CMeTOB
MO2KCT
peryAHpHoro
COrAaCOBaHHR
cqeToB
AAH
OAHaKo,
B
H y6blTKoB HAH
o6bScHCHHS H CO3;aCTbCH nOAO0KeHHe, KOrAa oUIH 6KH MOryT OCTaBaTbCs
294
HPHAOIWEHHE 4. Onepa ,ornwiJW NOHaHCOBMN BcTaBnia
A4.1
BHyTpeHHH'H KOHTpOAb
|BKOHTPOHb
cnoco6
o6ecneqeHHR
HeaCqXeKTHBHOCTH
o6HapymeHHRni pa6oTbl
He
T T
AAR
BO
*
HOAHTHKy H flpoge4Ayb
*
Fa3jzeAeHHe o6siaaHHocTeA
*
HlOAHOMOQUHS lpo0eAYpbl npOBepoK 3a noBceAHeB-
BpemsBepoK Ha MFCT *
yHpaBAeHHS
KoHTpoAR sa noBceAHesHoM AeSrreAbHOCTb[O, BKAIOtIaH:
AOA2KHoro
KOHTpOAR, MHHHMaAbHbIX PHCKOB H cBoeBpeMeHHoro
|
MexaHHim
mexaHHSM/
He3aBHCHMblfi
KOgrpOAh
HaA3op
K Ha m
He Ha mecTe
HbIMH CAeAKaMH H y-ieT *
1c7,ovHmjK By3-AAeH H raMHAbTOH.
295
KOHTpOAb 6ioAmeTa
YxpeILuemwe p
N nORMAIIeHNh1 vscTwedbnocm
He3aMmeeHHbIMH B Te4eHHe 3HaqHTeAbHOrO 6AaroAaTHyio
nOqBy AAH
K nepMhfe rOaOmgCTaa
nepHoAa BpeMeHH. TaKaH CHTyagUH
npeAOCTaBAHeT
BCWleCKHX
HapyuleHHH. HeAb3Hq CqHTaTb a6COAlOTHO HeCAbiXaHHoH npaKTHKy 6aHKa, B xoAe KOTOpOH 6aHKH Ha pa3BHBaiouHxcM pbIHKax HMeloT HeCorAaCOBaHHbie MeM(pHAHaAbCKHe cqeTa, KOTOpbIe npeBbUhlaloT HX KanHTaA. B KOHeCiHOM HTore, HX OCHOBHaR
cyMMa I0oAeA2HT C11HCaHH10 B qpopMe y6blTKOB. TaKHM
o6pa3oM
Me2K(pMAHaAbCKHe
MomHo
ciHTaTb
H MCm6aHKOBcKHe
o0eHb
?KeAaTeAbHbIM,
6
qTo6bI
CorAaCoBaHHM no KpaHHei
aHKH
npOBOAMAH
mepe e2KeMeccqHo,
CBOH
a c'eTa C
BbICOKHM o6beMoM HaKOnAeHHbIX cpeACTB AOA2KHbl corAacOBbIBaTbCH H B3aHMO3aqHTbIBaTbCR He pemKe pa3a B HeAeAio, a Mo2KeT 6bITb H e2KeAHeBHo.
KoHnpoAz 6e onacHocTN a4xpeKTHBHaR
(PH3HiecKaR
KOHq)HAeHUHaAbHOCTH nepeBsoa
CBeAeHHH
HaAHqHbJX
6e.3onacHocTb KAHeHTOB
CpeACTB,
HBAAeTCSI
6aHKa
BeAeHHe
BaMHbIM
BAeMCHToM
H OXpaHbi aKTHBOB.
sanHceH,
CoXpaHeHH
HloABaAbl-xpaHvAHiga,
AOKyMeHTHPOBaHHe,
KOMnblOTepHbWe
ycTaHOBKH AOA2KHbl o6ecneiHBaTbcR CHCTeMoH BHyTpeHHero KOHTPOAA.
Col6uo,i'e,we CHCTeMbi co6AioAeHHA BbInOAHeHM
HMelOT cBoeH 3aAaqeg o6ecneqHTb, qTo6bi opraHHUaxHa
AeHCTBOBaAa
B paMKax 3aKOHHOCTH.CHcTembI co6AIoAeHHR 3aKOHHOCTH MoryT Ae4CTBOBaTb riapaAAeAbHO HAH KaK saCTb 6aHKOBCKOH CHCTeMbi BHyTpeHHerO KOHTPOAA H BHeui1Hero ayAHTa. OAHaKO, OCHOBHoe BHHMaHHe B 9TOM BHAe AeATeAbHOCTH yAeAAeTC9 co6AioAeHHIo 3aKoHOB, nOCTaHOBAeHHH B4(PVKTHBHOCTH
H saKOHOAaTeAbHblx onepagHH
aKTOB, a He oxpaHe aKTHBOB,
HAH co6AioAeHHe
nOAHTHKH,
'TO
HaAe2HOCTH HHop0pMaUHH,
MBAHeTCA
BaMHbIM AAR ApYTHX
acrieKTOB BHyTpeHHero KOHTpoAR. 17epcomAs IoAHbie
CBeAeHHB
Heo6XoAHMoCTH. nocAe
'ero
OTKpblBaTb
4OA2KHa
npoBepKa
PYKOBOAHTeAeM
0
nepcoHaAe 6blTb BBeAeaH
COCTOHHHH
AOA2KHbl
xpaHHTbCA
KoMnbiTOTepH9A
3apa6oTHofi
r1AaTbI
H
CHCTeMa AOAKHO
o 6 HOBARTbCA
Ho
mepe
coCTaBAeHHH
BeAOMoCTeH,
npoBepATbCR
e2KeMecRqHo
(MHAHaAa.
'eKOBbie
MomHo CqHTaTb npaBHAbHbIM AAA 6aHKa riOOIgpRTb CBOHl nepcoHaA cieTa C TeM, 'rTo 6 bi 3apa6oTHan nAaTa MorAa 6 bl HenocpeACTBeHHO
nepeCuHCARTbCR Ha HX C9eTa BMeCTO Toro, MTo 6 bl BbiAaBaTbCq B KOHBepTe. CAeAyioUgM
cnoco6oM npOcfHAaKTHKH 3AoynoTpe6AeHHH nepcoHaAa HBAReTCH aAMHHHCTpaTHBHblH pacnopnmeme o HeBbIXOAe Ha pa6oTy B Te9eHme no KpaMHeH Mepe AByx HeAeAb AH6o nIoCpeACTBOM 3aMeHbI yXOA)U.HX B OTrlyCK, AH6o nepeBOAOM BpeMeHHO Ha Apyry'o pa6oTy CpOKOM He MeHee ABYX HeAeAb.
296
of m wHHaircoBI KoBTpoAh
17PHAOMEHHE 4. O,wpagpioHjw KOHTPOAb 3A KA3HAMEACTBOM Y,ipaJUeHHe AHWRB,MHOCThMO
yripaBAeHHe AHKBHAHOCTbIO B
HCIIOAHeHHH BTOH (pyHKIIHH Ha ypOBHe cFHAHaAa oHa
6aHKe. HIPH
oKa3biBaeTcH
MaAOa8)XeKTHBHOH,
co6cTBeHHyIo
AHKBHAHOCTb,
AHKBHAHOCTH
npeACTaBAHS
MO2IeT
pH.AHaA
KatAbiH
InOCKOAbKy
He
KOOpAHHHpOBaAO
6aHKa
ynpaBeAHHR
rAaBHoro
Ka3HaqeHCTBO
4To6bi
2KeAaTeAbHO,
6aHKa
MeAOM.
B
TOAbKO
BHAeTb
HpIH
TaKOH
AOXOAOB. q)parmeHTHPOBaHHOCTH CHCTeMbi ynycKaioTc.R cepbe3Hbie Bo3MOm2HOCTH nOAytieHHH
YnpaeirNe pHCKOM Bcex
KuHaMeHCTBO AOA2eH nlOAyqaTb HHq)OpMaUH10 OT
I1pOgeEHTOg CTaBdK.
3
HanpaBAeHHA pa6oTbl B 6aHKe.
AHHHH
Ta HHcpOpMaUHR AOA2KHa arrperHpoBaTbcH
AAR
Bcero 6aAaHcoeoro oT4eTa H AOA2KHbI BKAio'iaTb: *
CyMMbI KpeAHTOB H Aeno3HT0B nO BtAaM BaAioTbI;
*
AaTbl BHeceHuH
*
npOUCHTHbie CTaBKH H OCHOBaHHH AAH pacMeTa npolleHTOB;
*
AaTbl BbIlnAaTbi npOgeHTOB;
*
AaTbl OKOH'iaTeAbHOA BbinAaTbi.
HMeL
TaKY1O
H H3bHTHH;
AOA2KeH OCeHHTb
Ka3HaeCeHcTBo
HHqopMaIAHIo,
pHCKOBOH no3HgHel 6aHKa, KaK aTo onHcaHO B rAaBe
ynpaBARTb
PHCK H
HM H
4.
KoinTPOAb Epe4'HToro yIlpaemAeHfX YnpaBAeHHe KpeAHTHbIMH
3.
B rAaBe
PHCKaMH o6cy2KAaeTCR
HHme KpaTKO nlepeiHcAeHbl
OTAeAbHbie acneKTbl KOHTpOAH. 3
HMeTb y ce6si cHcTemy OCeHKH KpeAHTHOrO
B aHKH AOA2KHbl
CHCTeMa OmeHKH KpeAHTa.
pHcKa AA.R onpeAeAeHHR BO3MO2KHOCTH npCAOCTaBAeHHR 3aHMoB a TaaKme AAR oTcAemHBHHR KpeAHTHbie HX. 4AR Toro -ITo6b! co6AIOCTH OAHHaKOBOCTb npHMeHCHHR aTOH CHCTeMbl, npoUeAypbi
6aHra
AOA2KHbI
AeTaAH
BKAiotaTb
npHMmeHeHH
CHCTCMbI
KpeAHTHOH
OUeHKH
H
AOA2KHbi npOBOAHTb nepHOAHqecKyio OUCHKy BblAaHHbIX 3aUMOB. CaHIC8HOHHpOBaHHN
AHIWHTbl
KpeAHTa.
YpOBeHb
YCTaHOBAeHHOrO
UAH ytiHTbIBaTb pa3Mep (HAHaAa UAH OTAeAeHHR, onblT PYKOBOAHTeAA HAHaAa Ka'!ecTBO H onbIT nepcOHaAa, KOTOpbI yqaCTByeT B npoiecce peUTHHra SaMMOB.
B
OgeHKa Baaoro.
TaKOi4
CTeneHH,
B KaKOH
6
aHKH npHHHMa!oT
AOA2KeH
AHMHTa
OTTAAeHHR
H
3aAorH noA BbiAaBaeMbie
OgeHKKa TaKoro 3aAora AOA2KHa 6blTb COBpeMeHHOH H npeACTaBARTb HOpMaAbHYO yCAOBHaX. UeAb pbIHO'HylO OUCHKY B YCAOBHSX npoAa2KH aKTHBa B He6AaronpHRTHbIx KpeAHTbl,
3aKAiO,iaeTCR B TOM, BepoATHofi
qTo6bi OnpeAeAHTb
BblpyqKe,
HeBbinOAHeHHR onpeAeAAeTCA
noAymeHHOH
npri
UeHHOCTb,
KOTOpaR AY'IIUHM o6pa3oM COOTBeTCTsyeT 3aAoroBoro
npoAame
3aeMJ1HKOM
CBOHX
o6ba3aTeAbCTB.
OCHOBe
BblqHCAeHtM
CTpaxoBoH
Ha
3aaoBoro o6ecneqeHRs.
OAHaKo,
BCAH4HHa
CTOHMOCTH
6oAee yAOBAeTBOpHTeAbHOUi
.a"ora IIpO@eCCHOHaAbHbIM OCeHJUHKOM.
297
HAH
B
o6ecnemeHRu BblpyqKH
OT
6aAaHcoBOf
C9HTaeTCR
cAy'ae
n1pOAa8H CTOHMOCTH
He3aBHCHMaR OUeHKa
YJxpeA.eiAnHe pFxoBo49CrTa H HORAUUeLI
floAHoTa
AoKyMeHTaiRRH
no
qyBCTBIITeAbHOCTN
npe,OCTaBAeHHOMy
aaiMy.
B
H epeMVHaM
6oAbLmHHcTBe
6aHxoB HAH qcHAHaAa HeceT OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a o6ecneqeHHe HaAHiH.R scex
PYKOBOAHTeAb OTA4AeHHS
AOKYMeHTOB
B KpeAHTHOM AeAe Ao nOAy-4eHHH oAo6peHHq Ha BbiAaqy KpeAHTa. OAHaKo, B peaAbHOH 2KHSHH 3aeM qaCTo npeAocTaBaMeTcH AO Toro, KaK 6aHK noAyqHT Bce Heo6xoAHMbie 6yMarH no KpeAHTy; nOCAe noAy'eHHa
oAo6peHHR
KpeAHTa 6aHKy 6blBaeT AOBOAbHO TPYAHO
AOnOAy'qHTb HeAOCTalOUgYTO AOKyMeHTagHio.
FlpoBepo'HbIH AHCT ynpoigaeT aTy npogeAypy, MOmeT
npOBepHTb
HeAOCTalOlgHe
HaAHqHe
'iaCTH
AeAa
Bcex H
AoKyMeHTOB
nOAYqHTb
HX
B AO
nOCKOAbKy
C nOMOublO
KpeAHTHOM BbIAa t IH
AeAe,
AaHHOIO
AerKo
pa3peineHHe
Ha
AHCTa
o6HapymHTb cpaKTHqeCKOe
rCpeAOCTaBAeHHe KpeAHTHbIX CPeACTB. OTcAemHBaHHe co6AioAeHHH fIOAHTHKH. BaHK TaK2Ke AOA2KeH HMeTb aAeKBaTHbie npogeAypbi OTCAe2KHBaHHH BblAaHHOrO KpeAHTa, MTo6bi rapaHTHpOBaTb, 'ITO KpeAHTHaH nOAHTHKa 6aHKa [OAHOCTbIO peaAH3yeTCsi Ha BCeX YPOBHRx 6aHKa, qTO npo6AeMHble KpeAHTbl o6Hapy2HBaIoTcR AOCTaTO'IHO
6blCTpO H pa6oTa C HHMH HaqHHaeTCH eise Ha paHHeH CTaAHH noralueHHH. OcHoBHble o6AacTH BHeApeHHH CHCTeMbi a3(peKTHBHOro OTCAe2KHBaHHH AOA2HbI BKAIOqaTb: *
H3AHIUIIHH
*
H3AHIIIHHH
KOHIeHTpaUHM 3aHMOB B ceKTOpe 8KOHOMHKH; KOHUeHTpagHR
saHMoB,
npeAOCTaBAeHHbIX
cBR3aHHb1M
Mew.Ay
co6of
3aeMlUHKaM; *
KOHeHTpaHH SaAOBoro o6ecne'ieHH.R;
*
o6a3aTeAbcTBa no 3a6aAaHcoBbIM onepagHRM.
CTaH4apTHblIi KOHTPaKT no saiiMy.
BaHKH 'ieTKO COXpaHHiOT 3a co6oi npaBo oT3biBaTb
npeAocTaBAeHHbIe KpeAHTbl, eCAH KAHeHT He RBAH.eTc 6oAee KpeAHToHaAe2KHbIM, H aTo npaso no'TH BcerAa 3anHCbIBaeTCH B CTaHAapTHOM KOHTpaKTe Ha npeAoCTaBAeHHe 3aHMa. KpoMe Toro, B KoHTpaKTe o6R3aTeAbHO COAep2mHTCR yCAoBHe, KOTOpoe nO3BOAHeT 6aHKy HMeTb AocTyn K
6yxraATepcKoH
OTTieTHoCTH
H
AOKyMeHTaM
3aeMUJHKa
AAA
TOrO
1To6bJ
rapaHTHpoBaTb
COCTOAHHe KpeAHTocnoCo6HOCTH 3aeMU4HKa.
B
KOHTpaKTHOM
COrAaineHHH
HHOrAa
KOTOpbiM KCAHeHT AOA2IeH coo6UjaTb
TaK2Ke
COAep2HTCR
yCAOBHe,
B
COOTBeTCTBHH
6aHKy 0 Bcex Cepbe3HbIX H3MeHeHHRx
C
B CTpyKType ero
6H3Heca HAH B onepaHgax. KOHTPOAb AOA2lHbl noTepH,
BaAOFOBbIX
nOCTOHHHO
4oKyMeBToB.
XpaHHTbCSI
nepeKAaAbIBaHHH
B
Bce
cegq)e
AoKyMeHTbI
6aHKa,
B Apyroe MeCTO
mTo6bi
no
3aAoroBomy
MHHHMH3HpOBaTb
HAH npe2KAeBpeMeHHoro
o6ecne-IeHHTo
BepOrTHOCTb
yHH-ITO2KeHHM.
HX
HX Heo6xoAHMo nepeMeCTHTb B Apyroe MeCTO, BTOT nepeHOC AOA2KeH 6blTb oTpameH B OCHOBHOM 2KypHaAe, a 3anHCH B 2KYPHaAe AOA2KHbi nepHOAH'ieCKH corAacoBblBaTbcA C ECAH
AOKyMeHTaMH
4aAoroBomy
o6ecneYeHHIO,
MeCTOHaXOmAeHHe
HaXOASU4HMHCH
B ceiicpe 6aHKa.
TaKaR
CHCTeMa o6ecneIHBaeT,
no
YTO
AOKyMeHTa!lHH no 3aAorOBOMY o6ecneqeHHIo H3BeCTHO BcerAa H HX nponama
Mo2KeT 6blTb 6blCTpO o6Hapy2meHa.
OgeeHKa
Cpe,iHTOB
4pyrHMH
6aHICaMU.
I1OAHTHKa B OTHOIneHHH KpeAHTOBaHHH CBOH
onepaJHH
6aHK
6
TaK
H 3a
ApyrHx
4OAmHa
6bITb
paspa6oTaHa
OH!HUHaAbHaB
6aHKoB, HaXOARI_qHXCR xax B CTpaHe, rAe BeAeT
ee npeAeAaMH.
B
paMKax
BTOH
nOAHTHKH
AOAXHbi
paccMoTpeHbl TaKHe npo6AeMbl KaK ogeHKa KpeAHTocnoco6HocTH Apyroro 6aHKa,
298
6blTb
CBSaHHbIlH C
ZPHRA OMEHHE 4. OHepagp,omzroi N IpmHaHcoBMH AHMHT
aTHM
npeAocTaBAeHHH
oAo6peHHm
npoieAypbi
H
pHCKa
npogeAypbl
TH
H KOHTPOAHPOBaTb CBOH KpeAHTHblM
6aHKy OTCAefmHBaTb
no3BOAHIOT xpeA4Try1ou4eMy
3
KpeAHTa.
KRoTpOAb
PHCK B
AaHHOH o6AaCTH CBOHX onepagMHM.
FIpO,epOvrb[NJ ANCT OCHJKH 6
CHCTeMy BHyrpeHHero KOHTpOAf
I.
H
AHpeKTOPOB
CoBeTa
6aHKy?
Ae4STeAbHOCTb
ero
H
KOHTPOAA
BHyTpeHHero
CHCTeMy
neTKyIO
AHpeKToPOB
COBeT
AH
Pa3pa6oTaA
CTpyKTypa
AK
COOTBeTCTByIOT
aHKa MO0HO ogeHHTb, 3aAaB CAeAYIOU4He Bonpocbi:
onpeAeAeHbl AH 3aAaqH BTOH CHCTeMbi? EmeMecHqHO AH 3aceAaeT COBeT?
2.
AH onepaglHOHHbIH
cyijecTByeT
H3AO2KeHHe
nHCbMCHHoe
B 6aHKe
AH
HMelOTCJI
npo0,eAyp,
HOpMaTHBOB,
nOAHTHKH,
KaK OTHOCHTCR PYKOBOACTBO K xopolweMy
6ioA2meT?
KOHTPOAIO?
3.
oTAeAe,
KaCCOBOM
3a
oTBetiaiougee
ynpaBAeHHe
cTaBKOH H ynpaBAeHHe npeo6pa3oBaHHeM CpOKOB co3peBaHHH
6aHKOBcKofi npogeHTHO
6aHK CHCTeMy ynpaBAeH'iecKOH
HMeeT AH
o6HiaTeAbcTB?
B
nOApa3AeAeHHe
AH
CyuIeCTBYeT
HHq)OpMaaHH,
aAeKBaTHYIO
Hy2KAaM AaHHOrO OTAeAa?
4.
CyujeCTByioT AH AOA2KHPOCTHbie HHCTpyKUHH AAA BCex ITaTHbIX AOA2KHOCTefi B 6aHKe? CyUJeCTBYIOT AH B nHCbMeHHOM BHAe HpaBHAa BHyTpeHHero pacnopRAKa? BeAyTcH AH nOAHbie, peryAHpHO o6HoBAHeMbie 3anHCH B AH-Hb[X AeAax nepcoHaAa? H
cAeAOK
npoCeAypam
no
AOKyMeHTbi
o6pa6oTOK
B
pyKOBOACTBe
npogeAyp, KOTOpbiM Mor 6bl nOAb3OBaTbCH KaK cnpaBO'IHHKOM
no
AH
HMeloTCSI
npoBeAeHHio
nepcoHaA H KOTOpbIM
MO0Ho 6bIAo 6bl nOAb3OBaTbCH npH npOBeAeHHH BHyTpeHHerO ayAHTa? CyIecTByeT AH seTKoe pa3rpaHH-leHHe o6SI3aHHoCTefi?
5.
ayAHTOP
BHyTpeHHHfi
AH
HIOA4HHReTCR
HenOCpCACTBeHHO
COBeTy
HAH
6aHKa
npe3HAeHTy 6aHKa?
6.
Pa3pa6oTaHa AH H BHeApeHa AH CHCTeMa OgeHKH KpeAHTOB? Bcex
H
ypOBHBX
CAy2K6ax
Bcex
BO
HpHMeHse'rcR AH OHa Ha
CyujeCTByeT
6aHKa?
AH
cTporas
HepapxHR
CaHKUHOHHpOBaHHR AHMHTOB KpeAHToBaHHH? PeryAApHo AH rAaBHoe ynpaBAeHHe 6aHKa 3HaKoMHTCH H COCTaBAReT OTqeT 0 COCTORHHH KpeAHTOB, KoTopbhe HaXOAHTCR B PaMKaX CaHK,HOHHpOBaHHb1X AHMHTOB pa3mepa KpeAHTOB no AaHHOMY (pHAHaAy?
7.
CyUJecTByeT OTHOCR1YIOCR
npoBepoMHbIH
AH K
8.
IMeeT
AH
OTAeAbHOMY
KOHKpeTHOMY
OAHOMY
3afiMy Ao HAH nOCAC 6aHK
AHCT,
oXBaTbiBaoU4Hfi
3aHiMy?
BC10
HlpeAocTaBAuuoTcR
AoKyMeHTaUHMo, AH
CpeACTBa
no
noAy4eHHH Bcefi Heo6xoAHMoHi AoKyMeHTagHH? nOAHTHKY
3aeMiIgHKy,
OrpaHHqeHHH
onpeAeAeHHOMY
KpeAHTOB,
o6beMa
CeKTOPY
BKOHOMHKH
npeAOCTaBASieMbIX
HAH rpynne CBR3aHHbIX
MemAy co6ofi 3aeMU4HKOB?
9.
CylIeCTByeT AH npoieAypa
OgeHKH
pHCKa,
npHcyuero
3a6aAaHcoBbIM
onepaxHRM
M
06R53aTeAbCTBaM?
10.
Tpe6yeT AH 6aHK B COOTBeTCTBHH CO CTaHAapTHb1M
KpeAHTHbIM CorAaLuleHHeM,
rro6bi
6
KAHeHT coo ujaA 6aHKy O Aio6bix cepbe3Hbix H3MeHeHHRX B CBoeM 6H3Hece? 11.
Bce
AH
AOKyMeHTbi
no
3aAoroBoMy
o6ecneqeHHIo
3anepToM MeCTe?
299
KpeMHTa
XpaHHTCs
B
HaAemHO
Yxrpen'AeHHe pyEOBOy'cTRa Nf IIOR
12. 13.
IeHIeA 87HNTCAhNOCT
IlepeMeaMr
OTCAemHBaeT AH 6aHK KpeAHTHYIO HaAe2HOCTb ApyrHX HaIHOHaAbHbIX H 3apy6e2KHblX 6aHKOB? OCylgeCTBAAeT
AH
Ka3HamieHCTBo
ynpaBAeHHH
rAaBHoro
6aHKa
UeHTpaAH3oBaHHoe
ynpaBAeHHe 6aHKOBCKOA AHKBHAHOCTblO?
14.
CyHjeCTBYIOT AH peaAHCTH'HbIe KOAHqeCTBeHHble riapaMeTpbi AAR ogeHKH noKa3aTeAeM pa6oTbl PHAHaAa 6aHKa?
15.
ArrperlpyeTcq
AH
KAio'eBaH
HHq)OpMagHA
AAA 6aAaHcoBoro
H4MeeTcH! AH B KaCCOBOM OTAeAe Heo6XOAHMaR
oT'eTa
CHCTeMa ynpaBAeHqecKoH
scero
AAH
16. 17. 18.
MoAeAHPOBaHHR 6aHKoBcKoro PHCKa H CTeneHH pHcKoBaHHOCTH nOf3H%HH O6ecne'IHBaeT AH 6aHK noAAep2KaHHe CBOHX YCTaBHbIX pe3epBOB?
5
IBAHIOTCR AH 6yxraATepcKHe AaHHbI
FpoBOAHTCs
AH
corAacOBaHHe
6aHKa?
HH4JOpMaUHH
6aHKa?
COBpeMeHHbIMH, COrAaCOBaHHbIMH H TOHbIMH?
Mem2KiHAHaAbCKHX
H Me2K6aHKoBcKHx
c'ieToB peryAApHo,
c nepHOAH9HOCTbIO He peme pa3a B MeCHg?
19.
AAeKBaTeH AH KOHTPOAb 6e3onacHocTH?
20.
ECTb AH noATBepmAeHHe, KaK: onepagHH,
'TO
6yxraATepHnl,
npaKTHKa BHyTpeHHero ayAHTa CKpblBaeT TaKHe o6AacTH (PHHaHCOBbie
cAeAKH, o6ecneqeHHe
oxpaHbl
AaHHbIX
H
omH6KH B pacleTax?
21. CyujJeCTByeT
AH B
6aHKe nLAaH pa3BHTHH, (PHHaHCOBblH nAaH H rOAOBOH 6ioAme¶r? KaKOBbi npogeAypbi o63opa COCTOAHHH ycieIHOCTH AeHTeAbHOCTH 6aHKa H coo6u eHHm
o6
OTKAOHeHHHx H Hapy1ueHHSIX HOpMaTHBOB?
300
J7PHAOWEHHE5. HH0OPMA4LJOHHbIETEXHOA OFHH B BAHKOBCKOH HH,JYCTPkIk Xa.XHipa H4 KpaMyAAaK
M4H¢OpMaUHOHHbJe TeXHOAOrHH KOHTpOAb H noAyqeHHe nporpaMMHoro
(HT)
HH"OpMa2HH
o6ecnemeHuH
MOMHO OnpeAeAHTb KaK aBTOMaTH3agH1O
C nOMOIlblO
H
HCnOAb3OBaHHR
BcnoMoraTeAbHoro
npogeCCoB,
KOMnbJoTepOB,
TcAecBH3H,
o6opyAOBaHHH
(HanpHMep,
aBTOMaTH3HPOBaHHb[X KaCCOBbiX MawIIHH, Ae6HTOBbIX KapTOqeK H T.A.).
MT AeAa,
noAy'iaIOT
Bce 6oAee
mHpOKoe
np1H3HaHHe
KaK o6a3aTeAbHblii
eCAH 6aHKOBBCKaH HHAYCTPHH XOqeT COXpaHHTb
IIIHpOKHH
Ha6op
6aHKoBcKofi
H
CBOIO KOHKypeHTHOCTb
CBOBpeMeHHbIX
ycAyr.
C03AaTb KoppecnoHAeHTcKyio HH(POpMaUHOHHble
noAo6Hbie
TeM,
KoTOpb1e
CCTb B pa3BHBalOU%HXCH
npOgeCCYaAbHbie
H
CcyeCTBYIOT
B
B
IUTa6-KBapTHpe
(HHaHCOBbie
npeAnpHHTHH
MTo6bl
POAHTeCAbCKHe 6aHKH o6binHo
CTpaHax.
CHCTeMbi
H npeAAaraTb
BeAyuJHe
OTKpbIAH qpHAHaAbi HAH COTPYAHHxiaIOT B paMKaX COBMeCTHbiX
y"pemAeHHm
COSAalor
npOAYKUHH
acneKT 6aHKoBcKoro
H OTAeAeHHIX
CBOHX (pHAHaAaX 6aHKa.
3TH
llaCTO
CHCTeMbi (BeAerHe CMWTOB KAHeHTOB, BeACHHe o6IIero 2KypHaAa (6oAbMlOHi
KpHTHqeCKHe
KHHrH), ynpaBAeHHe
KpeAHTOM H pHCKOM H T.A.) KoMnblOTepH3OBaHbl H cepbe3HO OpHeHTHPOBaHbl Ha o6cAyKHBa4HHe aAR Toro qTo 6 bi npeAAO2KHTb TaKOH 2KmYPOBCHb o6cAy2HBaHHH,
KAHeHToB.
HaHMeHb111HMH
3aTpaTaMH
H
COXpaHHTb
KoHKypeHTocnoco6HoCTb
MT.
BblHy2IAAeHbl BKAaAbIBaTb CpeACTBa B pa3BHTHC B
CTpaHaX
Co
CA02KHbIMH
3
TeXHH4eCKHMH
MeCTHbic
To nOATBep2KAaeTcC
YCAOBHHMH
BeCTH onepaUHH C 6aHKH
maCTO
npHMepaMH 6aHKoB 9
(Bpa3HAH.,
lpHonHR,
KoTOpbie
xapaKTepH3yoTcH O'ieHb OTAHmaiOUgHMHCH OT pa3BHTblX CTpaH YCAOBHHMH TeAeKOMMyHHKaIHH, BO3MO2KHOCTHMH HHBeCTHPOBaHHH H HaAH'iHeM 3HamHTeAbHO oTAH'aiOIIuerocm 11o o6pa3oBaHHIO H HaBbiKaM
nepcoHaAa),
CHCTeMbi.
B AaHHoM nprHAo2KHHH paccmaTpHBaIoTCJ
OTHOCRUiHeCR K
MT
KOTOpbIC
BBOAHT
y
ce6a
KOMnbIOTCpH3OBaHHb1e
HeKoTopbje
HHPOpMagHOHHbie
nOAomeHHH
H npo6AeMbI,
B qpHHaHCOBOM ceKTope pa3BHBaio1UHXCR CTpaH.
FIPHMEHH4MOCTb HIT B bAHKOBCKOM 4EAE M4HBeCTHPOBaHHH Ype2mAeHHi
B
MT
MOryT
B
3Ha4HTeAbHOA
H CTeneHH CAomKHOCTH peiLeHHM,
Mepe
3aBHCeTb
HO B YCAOBHHX aAeKBaTHOro
ynpaBAeHHSI OHH MOrYT OKa3aTbCA BeCbMa 8KOHOMH4HblMH H ycnelUlHbIMH.
MT,
Mo2KeT Bbi3BaTb Heo6xoAHMoCTb HCHoAb3OBaHH5
nocAeAyIoIHX CBOeBpeMeHHyIO,
TO'IHYIO
cTpaTerH'lecKoro
nAaHHpOBaHHR,
COBepUleHCTBOBaHHR ABH2KyLqeH
3aTpaT.
BO3o6HOBASeMbIX
CHAOU
H
OTHOCHJIYIOCH
npaKTHKH MOH2eT
nOBbluieHHe ripH6blAbHOCTH
K
o6Aer-IeHHq
OTHOCHTCH
AeAy aHaAH3a
Heo6xOAHMocTb
peHTa6eAbHOCTH
H
H
PHA coo6pameHHHi
Heo6xOAHMOCTb
HHcjOpMaUHio cTpaTerHH
nOBbiiuIeHHI
AAR
HMeTb
pacuHpeHHH
AHBepcHqHKaUHH
OAHOBpeMeHHO
onepaUHH.
B4XpeKTHBHOCTH
C
H BTHM
onepagHH,
luHpOKoe BHeApeHHe aBTOMaTH3HPOBaHHbIX
CHCTeM ynpaBAeHH9. CyJigeCTByeT TaK2Ke Heo6xO4HMOCTb
301
IlAaHHpOBaHHH
He3aBHCHMO OT Ha'aAbHbIX HHBeCTHUHM H
HHM
aAMHHHCTPaTHBHbIX
6blTb H
K
HeO6XOAHMOCTH
OT
nOBbIIUeHHS
Ka'eCTBa o6cAymHBawHHu
YxrpeirAemie pywKorowCTa
KAHeHTOB
(oco6eHHo
no
CpeACTB
BceH
B
ArORbIleHi
o6AacTH
ceTH
AenO3HTHoro
mepes
6aHKoB
'CrBTNeAbROCrT yNil
o6cAymHBaHHH
CHCTeMy
A mepem'emafM
H npeAOCTaBAeHHR
(HAHaAOB),
HaAH'IHbJX
o6ecneqeHHO
To'HorO
H CBoeBpeMeHHOro 6yxraATepcKoro y'eTa H BHeApeHHHH YCOBepWeHCTBOBaHHbIX qpOpM KOHTPOAR H OTqeTHOCTH. KOHKypeHUHR oKa3biBaeT AaBAeHHe Ha 6aHRH B o6AacTH npeAAo2KeHHR
KoHKypeHTHOcnoco6Horo
aBTOMaTH3HMPOBaHHOrO
o6cAymHBaHHH
H
nOBblUlleHHR
npOq)CcCHOHaAbHOrO HMHA2a.
B
8TOM KOHTeKCTe
AeHer H KanHTaAa,
Heo6xoAHMOCTb
HCflOAb30BaHHe Me2IAyHapOAHOf
World Interbank Funds Transfer AeHe2KHbIX
CpeACTB)
CBH3H
KoppecnoHACHTCKHMH
C
HHocTpaHHoH AaHHbIMH
BblXOAa Ha HagHOHaAbHbie
CeTb
BaAEoTbi
AAH
H
6aHKaMH
TOqKH
nepeMeH,
ynpaBAeHHH
HeaAKBwTHoro o6yqeHHblx
Heo6XOAHMbIX
(0eKoBbix, c6eperaTeAbHbIx,
MOryT
BaHKaM
AAR
KOAe6aHHH TaK2Ke
BeAeHHR
OnepaEIHH
B
AoporOCTO.RJ1HMH
KYPCOB
HY2HO
o6lgHX
CTpaHaMH,
o6MeHHBaTbcR
pyqHbie
oKa3aTbcH
nepeBoAa
HcnOAb3OBaHHeM
Heo6xoAHMocTb
IocTosHHble
H3-3a
C
PbIHKH
Society for
-
MeC2Ay
onepaElHH
Bbl3BaTb
HHAYCTPHH
AHKBHAHOCTbIO.
pa6OTHHKOB,
o6pa6OTKH
MOmeT
nOTepb
nepeBOAOB
TeAerpacpHblX
aAeKTpoHHKH.
6aHKOBcKoHi
Bo3pacTaHHH
H
6yMar
CPCACTB
BbicoKoaBToMaTH3HpOBaHHoH 3peHHR
CBHWT (SWIFT
- O6IMeTBo AAA BCeMHpHOrO Me2K6aHKoBCKOrO
OCYU4eCTBAeHHH
geHHbix
nOCPeACTBOM
CeTH
H Mem2AYHaPOAHbie
o6MeHa
MHHHMH3HpOBaTb
2mypHaAOB,
CseTOB
3aeMHbIX, CpOiHbiX Aeno3HTOB H T.A.), aKKpeAHTHBOB,
C
BiaAIT
H
'iHCAO
KAHeHTOB
o6pa6oTlH
noApo6Hblx cBeAeHH14 B o6AaCTH ToprOBAH H ynpaBAeHHH HHBeCTHUHHMH H AAR ApyrHx CACAOK. Cepbe3HemiiuHfi CTpaHaX
9aCTO
Ae4pHUHT HBASeTCH
KOMr1b1OTepH3OBaHHbIX HHq)OpMaUHOHHoH
nOAFOTOBAeHHOrO OCHOBHblM
TOPM030M
aBTOMaTH'IeCKHX
TeXHHKH
3HaqHTeAbHo
tDHHaHcoBbiH aHaAH3 H CTaTHCTH'eCKHe
UeHHbix 6yMar,
cpOPMyAHPOBaHHe
nepcoHaAa,
oco6eHHo
aBcIpeKTHBHOCTH
nAaTemHbIMH
H4T.
6aHRH
onepaRHRMH
o6ecneMHBaTb
AesTeAbHOCTH,
H
HHq3opMaUHH
coKpaujaeT
noTpe6HOcTH
B
KoHgengHH,
aHaAH3
BHeApeHHe
HCrIOAb3OBaHHe TaKom
HCCAeAoBaHHH, BKAJomaH MoAeAHp0BoHHe
HHBeCTHUHOHHbJX
nepcoHaAe.
nopTqleAeH
H
TeHAeHUHH pbIHKa,
-
H npH MeHbiiiHX 3aTpaTax
UeHTpaAbHbie 6aHKH Tpe6yIOT BeAeHH.I HaA3opa H, ynpaBAeHHa
Co6AiOAeHHH HOpMaTHBOB.
cBoeBpeMeHHoe
BsAioMaR
pa3BHBBmi0EgHxCx
onepagHH.
CHCTeM
Bce STO Mom2eT 6blTb ocyEueCTBAeHO c 6oAbwleHi aJ(eKTHBHOCTbIO BpeMeHH qepe3 BHeApeHHe
B
nposeAeHHe
H3MeHeHHe
CTaBOK,
A
BTO,
B CBOIO o9epeAb,
TOwHOro aHaAH3a
AHKBHAHOCTb,
(PHHaHCOBblX
BaAIOTHbie
CAeAKH,
3aCTaBHT
no3HUHHH
H
3apy6eKHble
c9eTa, XOAAHHrH, pe3epBbl, CaAbAO, KpeAHTbl, Maps2y H T.A.
tP7yJrHJ TpaA4HHOHHaS nepcoHaAa
HO,"aIOIHNeCw l, affTOMaTNH-arH-N ogeHKKa aBToMaTHSHpoBaHHbIx
He yqHTbIBaeT MHoroo6ppa3HH
cHCTeM ynpaBAeHHq
q3OpM npHHHTH51 peuleHHH
MemAy HHq)OpMaUHeH H BAaCTbIO. I4Hq)opMagHoHHbie
xapaKTep oTHpOiueHHH, AOA2KHa, CAeAOBaTeAbHO, conpoTHBAeHHe.
(nepCoHaA
no
nOAHOM0'HE
H KOHTpOAb.
aBTOMaTH3agHH
KyAbType
opraHH3agHH o6pa6oTKe
H
Bbl3blBaeT
o6bl%IHO
ConpOTHBAeHHe.
AOAŽKHa CnAO1THTb
AaHHbIx,
Tpe6yeT
ynpaBAeHHe
302
Tex,
KTO
6a3
nOAb3OBaHHeM
BHeApeHHR
AaHHbIX,
cepbe3HblX
noAHTHxy
cHcTeMoH
ACY
npeoAoAeBas
H3MeHeHHH
npOTHBOCTORHHR
peaAH3yeT
H CBRSH
CTeneHH MeHMIOT
CTpaTerHs
AAR
KaK (pyHKUHH
B opraHH3aEUHmx
Cce B 6oAbMeHi
npH3HaBaTb H 3aHHMaTbCR (pOpMHpOBaHHem
BBeAeHHe
HH4POpMaUHOHHOH COnpOTHBAeHHIO
THn o6L_eHHH,
CHCTeMbi
(ACY)
B
8TOMY
H3MeHeHHH
H ionepalHoHHblH
fIP 4AOiAEHHE 5. nepcoHaA). B Ha
oiN ,,x,ycrpHm'
TeXHOAoFNM B 6aHwwwc
HOvopMagmozrHHMe
CAeAyIOIJHX naparpaiax KpaTKO OnHCblBaloTCH OCHOBHbIe napaMeTphi,
BAHHIOjHe
4xppeKTHBHOCTb BHeApeHHRHT B yipe2KAeHHH H npHBOARTCA HeKoTopbIe peKoMeHAagHH.
K
AorHxiecKHMH KaHAHAaTaMH Ha aBToMaTH3aMHIo. •
- CqeTa
4OHHaHCOBbIe ycAyrH
H
HaAH'HoCTbIO
ynpaBAeHHe
HBARIOTCH
AAH 6aHKoBcKoro CeKTopa,
H ycAyrH, cneUHlpHnecKHC
Pa3Hoo6pa3Hbie (pyHKUHH
HHM OTHPOC.RTC.I:
KAHeHTOB
AenO3HTHbie,
(TeKyLqHe.
3aKAaAHbIX
HHaHcHPOBaHHe
AHKBHAHOCTbIO,
c6eperaTeAbHble), HnOTeKH,
nepeBoA AeHe2KHbIX cpeAcTB, p03HHMHbie H KoppecnoHAeHTCKHe 6aHKOBCKHe onepauHH, KpeAHTHbIe KapTO'KH, npRMbie Aeno3HTbI/Ae6HTOBbie onepaUHH, ynpaBAeHHe aKTHBaMH, o6R3aTeAbCTBaMH H pHCKOM.
ToproBale
•
*
ycApHT
H noKynKa
npoAa2ta
AKKpeAHTHBbI,
-
KoMMep'EeCKHe
BaAlOTbI,
rapaHTHH H peBOAbBepHbie KpeAHTbI.
KpeAHTbl,
4eHemHbie pzbHKH -
ToproBA3i
6yMaraMH,
UHHbIMH
onepagHHi
yperyAHpOBaHHe
no
o6MeHY HHOCTpaHHOH BaAIOTbie, ynpaBAeHHe nopTcpeAeM. *
3
&aMbJ H
-
gCIO.3HThr
Co3AaHHe (HHaHCOBbIX *
cIHHaHCHpOBaHHe
*
|JeHHbJe
CHHAHUHpOBaHHe
3aHMOB,
HHCTpyMeHTOB.
Ha OCHOBe aKTHBOB -
6yMarH
paMmegeHHe,
KpeAHTOBaHHe,
-
yCAyrH
no
lpOMbbIIIAeHHbIH AHSHHr H (paKTOpHHr. TpaCTOBbie
xpaHeHHIO.
onepa1lHH,
ynpaBAeHHe
KpaK,
CTPaXOBaHHe
HHBeCTH4HHMH.
*
CTpaXOBaHHe
*
AMNHHNCcrpa7NBHble OpyHgKHH - CocTaBAeHHe
OT
KpeAHTOB,
-
CAy"aeB.
HeCCaCTHbIX
nomapa,
2KH3HH, CTpaXOBaHHe aBTOMO6HAeH.
ynpaBAeHHe
oTqeTHocTH,
BeAeHHe o6igero mypHaAa,
6ioAmeToB, peCypCaMH,
9eAOBeMeCKHMH
OCHOBHbie (pOHAbl,
KpeAHTopcKaH H Ae6HTopcKafl 3aAoA2KeHHoCTb,
neHCHH,
BeAAOMOCTH,
sanac MaTepHaAbHO-
TexHHqeCKHX geHHOCTeH H aHaAH3 3aTpaT.
Boiipoca aTroMaaTHBsagHH
PemeHHm Ilepe'HCAeHHbie
KOMnblOTepOB
pa3AHqHbIX cTaHAapTHoH CpeAbI,
BbluIe
MoAeAH,
OT TOrO,
(PyHKUHH H
MOryT
6blTb
nporpaMMHoro
nocKOAbKy
riyTeM
aBToMaTH3HPOBaHbi He
o6ecneCeHHH.
cyUeCTByeT
3aBHCHT OT opraHH3aMHOHHOH
ycnex
6yAyT AH UeHTpaAH3HBaHHblMH
HCnOAb3OBaHHR KaKofi-HH6yAb
CTpyKTypbl,
HAH HegeHTpaAH3oBaHHbIMH
AeAoBoiH
6a3bi AaHHbIX
KaKHMH 6yAyT Tpe60BaHHH nlOAHOTbI OXBaTa AaHHbIX, OT CyLIeCTByiOIleeH HHppaCTpyKTypbl HaBbIKOB
H
noAAep2KKH Toro,
YPOBHR
OnbITa
nepcoHaAa,
CO CTOpOHbl pO3HH'HbiX
xapaKTep
OT'ieTHOCTH,
HHBeCTHUHOHHbIX
nOAb3OBaTeAeH
Tpe6yeMbiH
MOU4HOCTeH,
6aHKoM
AaiH"
(AeiicTBHTeAbHoro
KHHopMaUHH
KYCTOBOH pa3pa6oTKy
BpeMeHH)
C
MeHTpaAHsoBaHHbIM
cIHAHaAOB; H Hao6opoT, IHKA e2KeMec5MHoH
H AeUeHTpaAH3OBaHHOH npHHUHnOB,
CHCTeMOH.
BKAIOialOT
nepeAa%u qPHHaHCOBbiX
nepeBoAoB
Ae6HToBo/KpeAHTHbIX
yCAyr
4pyrHe
HaAH-He
(aAeKTpOHHaH
qepe3
H
303
CHCTeMbl
OH-
3anHceH
H
oTmeTHOCTH MO2KeT YAOBAeTBoprTrbc.I
4paKTOpb1,
nepeAaiouasi
(aBTOMaTH'eCKHX KaCCHpoB) HAH TepMHHaAOB CHCTeMbi
e2KeAHeBHaH
coAepa2KHHeM
3)qXeKTHBHOCTb
HCnOAb3OBaHHH
H T.A. BOAee
(HanpHMep,
OT'eTHoCTb no AHKBHAHOCTH H poe3epBaM) Mo2KeT AHKTOBaTb Heo6xOAHMOCTb
MT,
BO3MOmHocTefH
H npOAaBUOB o6opyAoBaHHR
ieHTpaAbHblM
H
MalllHH
OKa3bIBaIolgHe
BAHHHHe Ha
HcnOAb3OBaHHH
CpeACTB
ceTb), 2KeAaTeAbHOCTb
BBeAeHHR
aBTOMaTHqeCKOH
BblAaqH
AeHer
no npoAa2me pa3HbIX BHAOB npOAyKUHH,
Yr peILAeHMNe pfJKo5tJACTBa HHTeppeHca
Heo6xOAHMOCTb
Paspa6oTKa o6ujefi (PHHaHCOBbJe
N IORIJZleICHJ
HoepeMeuaN
C7VCNTeCAbHOCNN
C BHe=IHHMH PbIHKaMH AeHer H CBH3H C
CBHcT.
CHCTeMo0
CTpyKTypbI oKameT HHa'lHTeAbHoe BAHHHHe Ha Tpe6yeMble meAOBemeciKHe H
pecypcbl,
Tpe6yeMble AAR coxpaHeHHH nporpammbH. HHme o6cymAaoyrca
TpH
B03MO2nHbIX MOAeAH:
(1) OnepaUHH
B
noAco6Hbix
nomegeHwHx
HHq3opMaUHOHHbIX
qpaHAoB
qeAoBo'eCKHMH
pecypcaMH,
KAHeHTOB,
noAAep2naMHq
AAH
-
BeAeHHR o6ugero
COCTaBAeHHe
MeHTpaAbHbIx
yqeTa,
2KypHaAa
BeAoMocTeH
ynpaBAeHHR
H
opraHH3UsHH
COOTBeTCTBYIO1gero KOHTpOAH H nOArOTOBKH OT t eTHOH HHq)OpMaUHH COCTaBARIOT OCHOBy aBToMaTH3HPOBaHHbIX MHHHKOMrIbIOTepaX
KoMnaHHH.
onepagiii.
HAH
Ha
06bIqHO aTH OCHOBHbie
6aAbiHX
HOTpe6HTeAbCKHe
MauHHax,
YCAyrH (no
cJyHK%HH
HaxOAnuHHXCR
Aeno3HTaM,
BbInOAHHlOTcH B
Ha
uTa6-KBapTHpe
CHRTHIO CpeACTB CO CleTOB H
CBeAeHHRM 0 COCTOHHHH cqeToB) MoryT OKa3biBaTbCA AH6o qepe3 TepMHHaAbI CHCTeMbi,
noAKAio'leHHbie nPOBOAHTbCR
K
OCHOBHOMy
BpyqHyFO
o6pa6aTblBaRcb
CDHAHaAbi
KoMnblOTepy
COBMeCTHO
C
pa6o0ero
AHH
nocAe
nOAb3oBaTbCH
MoryT
MHHHKOMnbioTepaMH (AH6o
uiTa6-KBapTHpe
B
no
npHH&Hny
OCHOBHOU
aBToHoMHbIMH
pacrpeAeAeHHb1X
CMeTOB
H
pacnpeAeAeHHoro
peuieHHH
3aBHCHT
HAH pa6oTaioWHMH
BcnomoraTeAbHbIX OT
9
AaHHblX
0
Ta
pacnpeAeAeHHa5i
AHKBHAHOCTH
KoMnbloTep,
0
KAHeHTax
pacnoAo02eHHb[A
KOHCOAH4HpOBaHH5,
(2) ApyroH
H
B
nOAyKieHH5
AAR
oTWeTHoCTH.
BeAeHH51
PerHOHaAbHbie
nOMOWJb1O BAeKTpOHHKH
AaHHbIX
Mo2KeT
o6beMbl
coxpaHeHuH
a
TaKmKe
CqeTOB,
BbI3BaTb
o6pa6oTKH
MHHHKOMnIbTOTepbi
C nepeAaqeH
TeAe(OHHb1X
2KHsHecnoco6HOCTb KoTopbie
noAAe2KaT
nepHOA4HecKoH caAbAo
KoMnaHHH
AAR
B
nepeAaqH
cqeTOB B
Heo6xoAHMOCTb
rAaBHblH
corAacoBaHHH
H
AaHHbIX
HX Ha
pa3pa6oTKH CeTH
noAAepinHBaTb MeAKHe
H3bHTHR
HH()OpMaHH
noTpe6yloT AH6o o6beAHHeHrH.
HAH BbI30ByT Heo6xOAHMOCTb
CAeAoK,
AAR BeAeHHH
KOTOpbie AOA2KHbl 11pOBOAHTbC.1
Ka2nAblH H3 KoTopblx6yAeT
aHaAH3a AaHHb1X no Bceii KoMnaHHK. nHKoBbIe
B ceTHx)
qyHKUHH,
Tpe6yeT
UITa6-KBapTHpe
BapHaHT TaKoro cUeHapiH
(uHAHaAbI
6aHKa
nOAb3OBaTbcR
CBOAHOH HHPOpMaUHH.
perHOHaAbHbIX MHHHKOMnbioTepoB,
(aiiHAaMH
apxHTeKTypa
H
o6cAy2KHBaHHH.
HAH
2KypHaAOB.
HCKOMbIX
HAH
o6HOBAMHCb
KycToBoro
MaUIHHoH
o6pa6oTKe, OT 6a3bi AaHHb1X H OT o6beMa CAeAOK, qJHAHaAaX.
KoMnaHHH
KoMnblOTepHOHI nOAAep2KKOH,
rOAOBHOiS
H/HAH
npOAYKUHH
B ceTH C
HeaBTOMaTU3HpOBaHHOrO o6MeHa
KOMnblOTep
AA4. arperHpoBaHUH
CTeneHb AeUeHTpaAH3aUHH npHHHTH5
6aHKoBcKaH
H
H
pemeHHH,
H ycAyrH HapRAy C Bo3MO2KHOCTbIO
TeAerpa¢HOH
CBHR3H
06biIHO
onpeAeAReT
apXHTeKTOHHKY HH2KeHepHOrO H MaTeMaTH'ecKoro pelieHHR CHCTeMbi.
(3)
PeLueHHe
B
6aHKOBCKHX
paMKax HaHMeHbUUHX onepaigH
Ha
3aTpaT
6yAeT
MHKpoKoMnblOTepax.
npeAycmaTpHBaTb aBTOMaTHsaUHio
Tpe6oBaHHH
Harpy3KH H BpeMeHH pearHpoBaHHR Ha cHTwryaHo
B OTHPOweHHH
6yAyT onpeAeA31Tb
pa6o'efi
HcnoAb3OBaHHe
AH60 aBTOHOMHbIX MHKPOKOMIbKOTepoB AH6o CO3AaHHe ceTen MHKpoKoMnbioTepoB.
OprawIuazowHrhle Hpo6Aemhi IlporpaMMa aBTOMaTH3agHH, HCnOAb3yiOula5
HT AAR KoMnbiOTepHSOBaHHOfi
ACY zAo
Ha
c4HTaTbcR KOMIOHeHToM o6u4ero pasBHTHR opraHH3a1aHH HAH MeponpHHTHe no ee yCHAeHH10 H AOAmHa PaCCMaTPHBaTbCH KaK KAioqeBOH pecypc, pa3yMHo npHMeH5emMbiH AAA AOCTHmeHHR
304
JiPHA OIEHHE 5. lCeAci
B
opraHH3agHH.
AHarHOCTHKa
nIoriyAHpHoe
H
nporpamme
HAeaAe 8TOH
npCABaPHTeAbHbIC
CHCTeMa
npogeAyp
H
MCPbI
ACY
3a6AymAeHHe, 'ITO
aBTOMaTHSHPOBaHHaH
0flHCaHHbIX
HHmopMagmoHHre TeXHOAoFNw
npeAUleCTBOBaTb
HHCTHTYUHOHaAbHoro
oHycTpoo
HHCTHTYUHOHaAbHaH
pa3BHTHR.
CyqaeCTByeT
cMo?KeT pCIUHTb Bce onepagHOHHble npo6AeMbl. OAHaKo,
Tpe6yeT
Mep
AOA2KHbl
O 6aaxosc,oiF
no
BbCICOKOH
KOHTpOAIO
CTeneHH
cBoero
AMA
CTPYlKTYPHPOBaHHOCTH
ycneUIHoro
'ieTKO
(FYHK HOHHPOBaHHM
(HanpHmep, xopoiuo npoAymaHHaH CHCTeMa KOAOB AAR KAHeHTOB H nAaHa c'ieeTOB); H3BeCTHaH
noroBopKa AaHHOH
ECAH 3aAO2KHlUb
CHTyaUHH,
3aAo2teHHbIX
B HHX,
pellueHHHi,
onepaUHiH,
py-IHbIX
Mo2KeT
AOAmHO
KaneCTBa
HloKa
co6paHbI
nepHOA
MaCTO
COBepuiIeHCTBOBaHHH H
6yAeT
AaHHbIe,
HMelOWHXC.I
npogecca
npHHHTHm
cHcTeMaTH3ajHH
nporpaMM,
yTBepKAeHHH
npogeAyp.
nporpamma
ynpaBAeHHH
cyseCTBeHHbI YAeAHTb
ycnexa
nporpaMMbl.
CTapmlee
BHeApeHHIO
nporpaMMbi,
nOHHMaHHIO
AAM
BpeM9
aBToMaTH3agHH O'eHb Ba?KHa Ha BCeX
H He AOA2KHo nepeKAaAbIBaTb
pyKOBOACTBO
6aHKa
ee 3Ha'iCHMOCTH
nepCOHaA. FOCAeHHifi o bNqHO 6biBaeT H30AHpOBaH OT OCHOBHOrO HOTOKa HHcFOpMaUHH, opraHH3aUHOHHbIX
6H3Heca.
ABa
npeACTaBAsHIOT
CTaHAaPTOB
KAIO'eBbIX co6ofi
noBeAeHHH,
cFaKTopa,
HaAHqHe
nOHHMaHHH
KOTOpbie
HaBbIKOB
cnoco6HocTH
o6ueopraHH3agHoHHbie
H
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH 3a BTOT npoeKT Ha TeXHH'IecKHm
6
BTHKH,
B
.3aKA104aeTC.
nOAHOMO'qHfi,
yqe6HbIX
He
OCHOBHbie pa3BHTHe
B
AaHHbIX,
p7paBAeHmm
cneHHaAbHO
CAO0HOCTH
H
nOACTerHyTb
COOTBeTCTBYIOU.HX
HIOHHMaHHe H y6e2KAeHHocTb B TOM, mTO ypOBHHX
6a3a
o6H3aHHocTeAi
HOpMaTHBHbNX q)OPM H KOAOB, nOTOKOB AaHHbIX H
o'ieHb CnpaBeAAHBa
Ayquie
npHHMTHn pelueHHH.
TOAbKO
CTpyKTypbl,
OnpeAeAeHHH
BBeAeHHH
PeImomocrT
AAA
He
"Ipe4-aBToMaTH3agHoHHbIA"
OpraHH3agHOHHOH
ynpaBAeH4eCKHX
CHCTeMbI
opraHHsaUHOHHa
HT
BHeApeHHe npo6AeM.
ynOpH4OAeHHH
nOAY-HlUb a6paKaAa6py"
Ay'qiuHe
HcnOAb3yeMoro
OCHOBHa3S
npeC2AeBpeMeHHoe H
Aame
H cnoco6a,
PaCHOHaAHSHPOBaHa
HeAOCTaTKOB
6eccMbICAHUy,
nOCKOAbKY
H
K
AOAMHbi
yMeHHH
y
norAou eHHIO
HIOaHCOB AeAa
6blTb
y'ITeHbl
HMelOIJHXCM
H
o6u
H
Ma4a
pyyrOBOACTBOM,
AIOACKHX
aAanTajjHH.
HX
HOpM
PeCYPCOB
H
COOTBeTCTByIOLUHe
C,THMyAbl, o6yqeHHe, CXeMbi paCnpOCTpaHeHHM HH(pOpMaUHH AOA2Hbi 6blTb XOpOIUO npOAyMaHbi H BHeApeHbl 40 YCTaHOBKH KOMnblOTepOB Ha MeCTaX -ITo 6 bi o6ecneqHTb rOTOBHOCTb BOCnpHHTHM H
MHHHMH3agHH
CTOpOHbI
B
npo6AeMbl
OTBeC'aTb pyKOBOAHTeAH 'ieTKOe
npope3aHHR
COOTBeTCTBYIOUgHX
pa3AeAeHHe
no OCHOBHOfi
o6H3aHHOcTeH
TeMH,
HHqOpMaigHefi
H
opraHH3agHHx
oTAeAa
KTO no
H
IHOAb3oBaTeAH
CqHTalOTCq
COXpaHeHHH ileAOCTHOCTH
ycAyr
noApa3AeAeHHH.
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH 3aKAaAbIBBaeT
AaHHblX no
OTBeTCTBeHHbIM
6a3
ycnex
ee
H
(0,)
C
C BHeApeHHeM.
3a
CAy2K6ax
Kpyra
co6HpaeT
o6pa6oTKe
o6ecne'ieHuH,
H
AetTeAbHOCTH
o6opyAoBaHHH, nOAHTHKy ero HcnOAb3OBaHHM nporpammHoro
H npOBOAO'ieK
3y6oB"
noApa3ACAeHHMX
onepaUfHH
AOAmHO
MeC2Ay
B
OTBeCiaiOT
co6AioAaTbcH
nOAb3OBaTeAMMH
B HeKOTOpbiX
CHCTeMy. TOAbKO
ApyroM AOA2KHbl
3a
HopMaTHBbl
H nOCTaBKy CTaHAaPTHbIX cpeACTB: KOMnbloTepOB, 8KCnAyaTaLgHH 3a
H
HCnOAb3OBaHHe
nporpaMMHoHi HHc3OpMaUHOHHbiX
noAAep2KKH. CHCTeM
H
AaHHbIX.
HHBCCTrNNHN Ar 3aTpaTbm BHeApeHHe
HT
o6blLiHO Tpe6yeT 3Ha'iHTeAbHbIX q)HHaHCOBbIX HHBeCTH4HH. PyKoBoAmTeAH C
CaMOro Ha'iaAa AOAmHbI onpeAeAHTb, Ha KaKHe YCTYnKH OHH roTOBbi noHTH B o6MeH Ha KaKHe
305
YxpelLAeOWe pyJOBOgCTEa N HoEbrUreMN.
ViyBcrMrAeAaoc7N
B HHAYCTPHH MT o6b1,xHo
BblroAbl, a Tam^e KaKHe llpH6blAH AOA2Hbl llpHHeCTH HHBeCTHgHH. C4HTaeTcm,
YTO
nporpammHoro noTpe6HoCTH
aBq4CeKTHBHaR o6ecneYeHHR
llpOAOA2HTeAbHOCTb
COCTaBAReT
B nOAbsoBaTeAbcKofi
mH3HH
5 AO 10
OT
HH(pOpMagUH
KaK
MHHHMyM
OrnpeAeAHTb
3aTpaTbl
AeT.
SaTpaTbJ'
Ha
rapMOHH'IHblX
o6sop
COCTOHHHS
noTOKOB,
Ha
rnRTHAeTHHH
CHCTeM.
aHicA
MomeT
OKa3aTbCR
BHyTpeHHero
HeO6xOAHMbIM
caMoM
H
POCT
saMeHbI
Kma
YnpasAeHme
MT
HCInOAb3oBaHHR
npH
B
pagHOH abHbiX
paspa6oTKy
H
TaKyio CHCTeMy o6bILHO BKAIOYaioT
onpeAcAeHHC
HHcopMaUHH,
OT'IeTHOCTH,
nOMOJlb He cyUeCTBYCT B
TeXHOAOrHH
aToro nepHoAa.
coAep2KaHHR
KOHTPOAH,
HHqxOpMa4lHOHHbIX
npogeAyp, nAaHbl lHqppoBoro KOAHPOBaHHSI
AOKYMeHTaIHH
C'eTOB, q3OpMbl H KOAbi (B oco 6 CHHOCTH (pHAHaAOB) a TaKme CHCTCMa KAHeHTOB.
6aHKOBCKOrO
KoTopbie CAeAyerT npOaHaAH3HpOBaTb,
npeAnoAaraloT
o6bl4Ho
HH3OpMagHOHHbIX
ABH2KeHH9
npOUeAyn,
H
HHBeCTHUHH H Boso6HoBAHeMbIe 3aTpaTbl.
NHHqpaCTpywTypy
nIOTOKOB AAR
Pa-3BHTHe
nocAe
aHaAH3e 3aTpaT H BbirOA. OcHoBHbIe BAeMeHTbI 3aTpaT, BKxIAoiaoT B ce6si: HHcppacTpyKTypy,
KOMnbThOTCPOB
o6blrHO AHKTYIOT Heo6XOAHMOCTb
caMHx KOMnbiOTepOB, TaK H nporpaMMHOFO o6ecnexieHRs AOA2KHO
K oepeMenaN
HCnOA3OBaTb
BHeCIIHIO1O
nOMOJ4b,
eCAH
TaKaR
6aHKe.
HIHBecTHgHoHHMre sarpa7m o6bIqHO
AAR 3aKylKH HOBOrO
OCyigeCTBAR0TCM
o6opyAoBaHHR.
OHO BKAIO'IaeT KOMnbioTepbl, onepanHOHHbie CHCTeMbi npOrpaMMHOro o6ecne'eHHR,
6aHKoBcKoe
H Apyroe HcnOAb3OBaHHe nporpamMHoro o6ecne'eHHR, ero aAeMeHToB, yCTpOHCTB H ycTaHoBOK TeAeKoMMyHHKagHii,
KoMnblOTepHbie
cpeAbi,
oKpyKaion4eHi
I0poeKTbi n1OA KAIOq', pa3pa6oTKe
H
AA1
lipOrpaMMbb CHCTeM,
pa3BHTHH
3aAbi
H
ycAyrH
BO3MO2mHbIe
o6opyAoBaHHe
no
KOHBePTHPOBaBHHR
y'e6Hble
no
opraHH3aUHH
KOHTpOAio
s3a
cocToRHHeM
cAaBaeMb1e
ynpaBAeHHH,
KaK
afiAOB, TeXHH'eCKyio nlOMOU4b llpH npoBoAHMb1e
aKcKypcHH,
C
co6paTb
MeAblo
HHCpOpMagHIo o6 o6pa6oTKe AaHHbIX H nepcoHaAe ynpaBAeHHH, o6y-IeHHe nOAb3oBaHHIO HOBbIMH CHCTeMaMH, H T.A.
Boso6Hoaiembe sarpaTri BKAIoqalOT TeXHHKH
3aKynAeHHOfi
H
3aTpaTbi
Ha
o6ecneqeHHH,
nporpaMMHoro
COAep2KaHHe
pacuAHpeHHe
aKcriAyaTa1KIo
H
napKa
KOMnbIOTePOB
H
6H6AHoTexH nporpaMM, AHUeH3HPOBaHHe H nOBbIIIIeHHe HX Ka'eCTBa, HCnOAb3OBaHHe nporpamm TCXHH'ecKHe ycAyrH no OKa3aHHIO nOMOIIH, nporpaMMbi o6yqeHHR
HHAHBHAYaAbHoro 3aKa3aa,
noAb3oBaTeAeH
H
nepcoHaAa,
TeAeKoMMyHHKaUHOHHOii
nepcoHaAa,
MaTepHaAbHO-TeXHHneCKHe
3a ycAyrH,
nAaTa
CBH3H,
noCTaBKH
nepeAaqa
nAaHa H HaKAaAHbie PaCXOAbi no o6pa6oTKe
aapa6oTHa.H
O6eceewHeNe YajwmT
HaAem2HOCTH
HO
'iaCTO
3aU%HTbl,
AOA2KHa 6blTb
o6AaCTH KOMnb1oTepHOrO npeAAaraeMbIx s(X)CeKTHBHbi
orIycKaeMaH
ayAHTa.
3aTpaTaM.
pa3BHTHR
TO'HOCTb CHCTCM
rpynna
nporpaMMHoro
BpeMR
C
geAbiO
rpynna
peileHHfi,
CooTBeTCTByIlOjero
onepaIHH
AeTaAb
aTO
npo6.AeMa
rpynna
o6ecne'ueHHH
BHyTpeHHero
KOTOpblH 6blA 6bi
TOrO
TaK2Ke
o6ecneiCeHHR
6
'TO bi
AOA2KHa KaK
TO'HOCTH
306
6
o bRBHTb, npOBOAHTb
BO
BpeMR
H
UeAOCTHOCTH
ayAHTa
cneUHaAHCTOM B
AOA2KHa o6ecneiHBaTb BO9MO2KHOCTb
AR
npOBePKH
-
H AaHHblX.
KpafiHefi Mepe Ha OAHoro xIAeHa,
TeXHHLeCKHX
no
KoMMyHaAbHbie
AaHHbix,
H T.A.
4xaHHhIx N AYOHTpAhb
KOHTpOAb,
ycHAeHa no
AHHHH
KOMaHAHpOBKH
HH(pOpMaUHH,
yCAyrH, KOMnblOTepHbie 3aAbi, Mepbi (pH3HqecKoHi OXpaHbI MeHHOCTeC
Ba2KHasi,
no KoMnblYoTepaM,
OTcAe2KHBaHHR
YTO mHBHeCIIOCo6Hbl ayAHT
H
HCnOAbSoBamH
HcnbiTaTeAbHoro, CHCTeMbi.
TaK H BO KOHTpOAb
iPHA OPiEHHE5.
HH4pOpMagNoHHbre TeXHOAoIHH B 6aHKoacxoOi HN.4yCTpHH
nporpaMMHoro o6ecneneHVM CqlOpMyAHpOBaHHb1e
o6ecnerHTb
H
AOcTyna K AaHHbIM,
COBMeCTHO
HaAemHYIO
H
C
H
a TaK2Km
npHHHInbl aAMHHHCTPHPOBaHHH,
yrBep2AeHHbie
cAy2K6oH
ayAHTOPCKYIO
npOBepKy.
CHAbHyiO
BHyTpeHHero
OpraHH3aMHn
yBepeHa, -ITO BHeIIHHe ayAHTOpbI 3HaKOMbI c npHHUHnaMH H npo6AeMaMH aKTHBHYIO
POAb
B OgeHKe CHCTeM,
OCHOBaHHbIX
ayAHTa,
Ha HcnOAb3OBaHHH
AOA2KHbl
AOA2KHa
1IT
6blTb
H MOryT HrpaTb
iiporpaMM,
KOMnblOTepOB,
KOHTPOASI H rlPOMeAyP.
nPOUECC nEPEMEH
B
AaHHOM pa3AeAe OTMeC'aiOIOTCH OCHOBHbie BeXH npogecca H AeHCTBHH, Heo6xoAHMbie AAA
ycneuHoro
I-IT.
BHeApeHHH
CoBepiueHHH,
AeHCTBHH,
npeAnOAaralOT,
MTO
nepeqHHCAeHHbIe
KOMIIbioTepaMH H He HMCAO KoMnbloTepoB. rIAaH
aBTOMaTH3agHH (T30
H3 nepe'HCAeHHOrO
XpOHOAorH'IeCKoM
B
y'pe2KAeHHe
AaHHOe
He
HMeAO
OnOpnAKe
OnlbiTa
HX
pa60Tbl
ECAH B HeM HMeeTCH oco6cHoBaHHbIH
C
H pa3yMHblH
aBTOMaTH3agHH), TOrAa OHO Mo2KeT nponyCTHTb nepBbie ABa uiara
CnHCKa.
EiNm'ec-lziaH MIT
ECAH 6e3 y-IeTa
Ayq'IIHM TOAbKO
B
peLIeHHeM.
npeABapHTCAbHOrO
nAaHHpOBMHHH
aTO Mo2KeT 3aKOH'IHTbCJI
CAymaAX
C
HeaAeKBaTHbe
AOA2KHbl CHa'iaAa
nocTapaAacb
COOTBeTCTByiOigerO 3aAa4 H CTpaTerHH,
ripHUIAOCb
cHCTeMbI.
6
OAbIIHMH
3TO
IIOMHMO 3aTpaT
AaAeKo
3aTpaTaMH
H He
3aMeHH9Tb
BbIB3BaAO HapyiUeHHe
pa3omapOBaHHe B aBTOMaTH3aUHH. KaK yme OTMeMaAOCb, (pHHaHCOBbie
H nOBAcKAO
yLIpe2KAeHHM
6e3
MeAeH,
HeKOTOpbIX
WTO nocTaEAeHHbie
onepagHH
6bl
6yAeT BHeApHTbCH
opraHH3agHOHHbIX
PCIlUHTb
npOBCCTH
HCAOCTaTKH
YCAYrH AaHHOrO ype2KAeHHH
nporpammy
B pa6oTe
H
HHCTHTrYHOHaAbHOrO
OnpeAeAHTb
a TaK2Ke onepagHoHHyIo
pOAb,
CTpaTerHio,
pa3BHTHR,
3aAa'qH,
KOTOpaH
npOAYKUHIO
H
KOTOpaH AOA2KHa BKAIO'IaTb
MeXaHH3Mbl BHeHIHerO HHTepq)eHCa. AoAmHa CTpaTerHeH onepagHHH
6
blTb
o'ep'eHa
pa3BHTHH, c oco6blM
OnpeAeAeHbl
HHOCTpaHHOH 6blTb
blTb
opraHH3aUHOHHaR noA'epKHyTbl
Ha (pHHaHCOBOC
H
H
rlpOMeAypbl,
o6s3aTeAbcTBaMH,
pOAb
o6u4ero
AOAKHbI o6paugaTb
3HaqHMOCTb pa3pa6oTKH nAaHOM
6
B
H BbinOAHeHHR
B OCHOBHOM onpeAeAHeTCR,
HMeTb AAR AOCTH2KCHHK
H
BHCUIHHH
'IaCTHoCTH
B
(PyHKUHOHHpOBaHHH
B
COOTBeTCTBHH
AOA2KHbi 6blTb
o6AacTnx (pHAHaAOB,
nOArOTOBKH
Ha noTpe6HoCTH
rnAaHa pa3BHTHR
ynpaBAeHHR onepagHHx
6ioAmeToB;
B KoMnLAeKTOBaHHH
'eAoBe'ieCKHx
'ITO AeAaeT opraHH3agHH
CO
COBepllleHCTBOBaHH.9
ayAHT.
onpeAeAeHHC noKa3aTeAeH pa6oTbl,
nAaHHPOBaHHq,
BHHMaHHe
CTpyKTypa
Heo6XOAHMoCTb
ynpaBAeHHe
BaAioTOH, ynpaBAeHHH HHBeCTHMHqMH,
nOAIepKHyTa
y'Ipe2KAeHHR
YnOPOM
nOAHTHKa
KpeAHTaMH/pHCKaMH
a8pCpeKTHBHaS
AOA2KHbi
C
AOA2KHa
4pHHaHCOBbie IllTaTOB
H
Ha
pecypcoB.reHepaAbHbiM
H KaKyiO CTPYKTypy OHa AOA2KHa
CBOHX 3aAa'.
CTpa2erHigraRTOmaTHsaMHHI
Pa6oTa no pa3BHTHIO CTpaTerHH aBTOMaTH3agHH
- qepTe2K
Ha%IHHaTbCS KaK TOAbKO OnpeAeAHAHCb MeAH opraHH3aMHH,
[lAaH
Tpe6yeT
nOAHoro
6
OAo peHH.I
H
HOAAep2(KH
307
CO
npeACTOHIIBHX Ae4CTBHH
npOAYKUHR CTOpOHbl
H
ycAyrH
cTapniiero
H
MO2KeT
npOgeAypbl.
PyKOBOACTBa
H
cpeAHero
aBeHa
a
PYKOBoAHTeAeH
BceH
KoHceHcyca
TaXme
iinepememam
IyBcTBrATeAbHocTr
uosbrwoereiH
YEpemAeaoe pyKcoBorcTr,a I
opraHH3agHH
Bonpocy
no
HeO6XOAHMbIX OnepagHOHHbIX H3MeHeHHH. OAHH
nO npOBeAeHHiO
BTO CO3AaTb KOMHTeT
aBToMaTH3aUHH
KoMHTeT
CTpaTerHH.
aAeMeHTbi
6
noTpe6HocTeH opraHH3agHH H (pOpMaAbHO oAo6pHA
6bl B OnpeAeAeHHH HH(pOpMaaHOHHbiX BCe
y4aCTBOBaA
KOTOpblIH
aBToMaTH3aUHH,
HAee
pyKOBOACTBa
npeAaHHOCTb
nOAHyio
coxpaHHTb
H
nOAy4HTb
cnoco6oB
H3
npOAOA2KaTb
AOA2KeH
BCeM
Ha
PYHKHOHHPOBaTb
bl
npoTm29eHHH ocyIIeCTBAeHHH npoUecca aBTOMaTH3agHH 4To6bi npHHHMaTb peumeHHH, Bb1CTynaTb ap6wrpoM B cAyqae KOH(pAHKTOBH OTCAeMHBaTb nporpecc H HapyiueHHS1 rpaqpHKa pa6OT.
Hero
KAio4eBb1X
H3
ypOBHH
BbICOKOrO
OTHOCHTeAbHO
PYKOBOAHTeAH
BXOAHTb
AOA2KHbl
B
q)yHKUHOHaAbHbIX OTAeAOB, B KOTOpbIX 6yAeT npoBeAeHa aBToMaTH3agHSH; PYKOBOAHTeAb OTAeAa
no
nOAHTHKH
OTHOCHTeAbHo
peKoMeHAaI.HH
nepeA
OTqHTbIBaTbcR
AOA2teH
AaHHb1X
o6pa6oTme
H
KoMHTeTOM
OT
Hero
3HITb
Ha
ce6si
AOA2KeH
KoMrreT
aBTOMaTH3aUHH.
nloAy'aTb
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb sa ycnex npoeKTa aBToMaTH3aMHH.
B
3aBHCHMOCTH
OT CAO2KHOCTH nporpaMMbl,
6 *
Ao
24
CTPYKTYPbI Y1pemKAeHHR H
ero noApa3AeAeHHH pa3pa6oTKa CTpaTerHH MomeT noTpe6oBaTb
reorpaq)H4ecKoro pa3meigeHni OT
opraHH3aUHOHHOH
qeAoBeKo-MecSqgeB. OcHoBHbie 8AeMeHTbI cTpaTerHH aBTOMaTH3agHH BrAioqaioT:
npHHeCTH
HAewTH(3HKxaHIO BO3MO2KHOCTeH H o6AaCTei!, rAe HIT MoryT
npeHMyi,gecTBa,
npH6bIAbHoCTb
nOBbICHTb
H
YCOBepWueHCTBOBaTb
H
cAa6ocTH
cTpaTerHwecKHe onepagHOHHyIO
aq)xpeKTHBHOCTb; *
npHMeHeHHH,
CHCTeMbi
IT,
COCTOSHHS
TeKyAgero
OUeHKy
CHAbl
BAaAeHHH
CTeneHb
pasAeAOB,
CO3AaHHe
OCHOBHOH
q3yHrUHOHaAbHb1X
nOTpe6HOcTeH
HHq)OpMagHOHHblX
onpeAeAeHHe
KOHUenTyaAbHoe
HaBbIKaMH;
OCHOBHbIMH
nepcoHaAoM
JxXpeKTHBHOcTb;
peaAHPOBaHHe Ha Hy2KAbi ytipe2KAeHHH, *
TeXHHKH,
KOMnblOTepHOH
CTpyKTypbl,
HH(3OpMaUHOHHOH
no
peKoMeHAa4HH
6
npoCeAypaM, cIOpMaM, KoAeKcaM, Tpe yiO11HM nepecMoTpa AAA COXpaHeHHR nporpaMMbi aBTOMaTH3a!lHH. cneUHHaUHa Tpe6yioWeHcR CHCTeMbi npHMeHeHHR;
*
KOHUenryaAbHaH
*
Co3AaHHe aBXpeKTHBHOH apXHTeKTypbi conoCTaBHMOH
pacnpeAeAeHHoH), norAoujaiouyio
cnoco6HOCTb
KyAbTypOH
C
(geHTpaAm3oBaHHoHi
CHCTeMbI npHMeHCHHSH
Heo6xoAHMo
yqpeC2AeHHR.
y'leCTb
nepcoHaAa,
HaBbIKH HMeiolgerocSl
AaHHOrO yqpe2KAeHHsi,
HAH
OpraHH3aIHOHHytO nOAHTHKy, CTpyKTYPHbie orpaHH'eHHR, CTPaTerHqeCKHe 3aAaqH.
*
O6fee Bcex
oniHcaHHe KoMnbIoTepoB, nporpammHoro o6ecnemeHHSI H cHcTeM HCnOAb3OBaHHR
o6pa6aTbIBaioujHx
HHq)OpMaUHio
ocyU4eCTBAeHHe
B3aHMOAeHCTBH*O,
y3AOB
CBR3H
no
npH
COOTBeTCTBYEOujeM
HHq)OpMaUHH.
BHHMaHHH
Heo6xoAHMo
K
OTMeTHTb
riepHOAHIHOCTb o6MeHa HHcOpMajgeH. *
(I)YHKUHOHaAbHOCMTb
*
rpaq(HK
H xapaKTep HCnOAb3OBaHHn no Ka2KAoHfKaTerOPHH xoMnbioTepoB. npIO4yK4H
noaTanHOH peaAH3aUHH, KOAHWeCTBeHHOe H3MepeHHe BbinyCKaeMOH
H OCHOBHbIMU CO6bITHsqMH, HMeOigHMH oco6oe 3HaqeHHe AA npoMeC2KYTO-Hble
CTaAHH,
ynpaBAeHHe
npoeKToM,
ogeHKa
npogecca aBToMaTH3aUHH, noTpe6HOCTH
B TPYAOBbIX
pecypcax, Heo6xoAHMblx AAR .3aBepueHHslKOPHTHqeCKHX BTanoB pa6oTbl.
*
PoAb, CBR3H,
onpeAeAeHHe OT6op
H
pa6o'Hx
MeCT
KoMrIAeKToBaHHe
H Ha3HameHHe oTAeAa
308
pa6OTHHKOB,
o6pa6oTKH
MexaHH3M
AaHHb1X
H
o6paTHofi
(YHKUHH
H
HPHA OifEHHE 5.
HHOopMagmoHHh,e TeXHOAOrwN B 6aHxORCeOH HH.4yCTpHH
pa6oTHHKOB
o6H3aHHocTH
OCHOBHbIe
noAbT3oBaTeAeH,
oTHOIIIeHHH
CPYHKIHOHOAbHbIC OTAeAa.
nporpaMMbl
Yme6Hble
*
H
nOAb3OBaTHeAeH
AA51
OTAeAa
pa6OTHHKOB
AAH
o6pa6oTKH
AaHHblX.
nHTHAeTHerO
Og4eHKa
*
H
HHBeCTHUHH
npOeKTHbIX
MH3HH
nOAe3HOH
UHKAa
B03o6HOBAHeMbie 3aTpaTbI.
COCTaBAeHHe
*
B cAy-iae
o6opyAoBaHUR
npHo6peTeHHe
KOHKypeHTHOe
Ha
AoKyMeHTOB
Heo6xo4HMocTH 3aKynOK o6opyAoBaHHH
06ecHleqeHHe TOoapOB H ycAyr
riaKeTbi nporpaMM,
o6ecneneHHe,
o6cAymHBaHHe,
6aHKoBcKoe
noMoU,b
TeXHHieCKa
(AAR
noMoIgH),
H
pa3pa6oTKH
nporpaMMHoro
o6yeieHHe
ynpaBAeHHe npOeKTOM HAH
ApyrHe
H
YCTaHOBOK
coopyŽmeHHe
nepcoHaAa,
ieneH,
nporpamm
pa3pa6oTKa
o6ecneqeHHH,
nporpaMM,
npeo6pa3oBaHHe
Ha3HaHeHHH,
HHAHBHAyaAH3HpOBaHHorO
OKa3aHHe
OT'eTHOCTb
HHAHBHAYaAbHoe
TeAeKoMMyHHKaUHoHHbIX
HaAHIHe
T.A.),
(HaripHMep,
pa6OTe
B
npHMeHHioulHXCH
nporpamMHoe
xoMnbIoTepbi,
BKAioIaloT:
npHo6peTeHHIo,
noAAe2Kau4He
H ycAyrH,
ToBapbl
yCAYrH.
KOTOpaH
3aBHCHMOCTH OT pa3Hoo6pa3Hm 3aHHTepecoBaHHbX nOCTaBUJHKOB, Bbi6op opraHm3agHn,
aByx-aTanHbIH
aTana.
TOprH AAH 3aKynKH o6opyAoBaHHA H npOBeCTH HX B OAHH HAH ABa
HAH 3aKpbITbie
OTKPbITbie
nOMOIBbIO
TeHAep
KOTOpoe
o6opyAoBaHtM,
M02KHO HCnOAb3OBaTb
co3AaHHH COBMeCTHOro npeAnPHHTHH
npOBOAHT nporpaMMy, BepOHTHOCTb
B
- 3a
FIOBTOMy
cnegUHMHKKaUHi.
KOMIbIOTepOB
HcKAIOqeHHeM
I
CTaAHH
-
onHcaHo
MoŽKeT 6bITb
He
npeAnoAaraeT
TeXHH'eCKOrO
CAOŽKHoro
3aKynOK
AAH
npOBOAHTCH
o6bl4Ho
6yAYIBHMH
c
neperoBopbl
c
nOCTaBJ_qHKaMH H BbIHCHeHHe TeXHH4ecKHx Tpe6oBaHHH H aAbTepHaTHB nOCTaBKH.
3aMeHa HMerO4WeFOCH HeIeoH'xo4,fWero ECAH
KoTopoe
B
Heo6xOAHMO
nOAb3OBaTbCA
o6opyAoBaHHe
TeM,
HAH
3aMCeHHTb
nOA
o6 opyAoBaHHe
o6ecneqeHHe,
H nporpamMHoe rlpHHHTaH
TeHAeHgHH
CTPeMAeHHe AOCTaTOMHO onpaBAaHo,
eCAH o6ugaI
CyUgeCTByeT
pacDWHpHTb,
TaKoe
HOMHHaAbHaH
nOAXOAHT
CBOH TOBap,
npeAAara.
KaKoe-To
eCTb
eAHHbIM HCTO'IHHKOM .
o6OpyAOBaHHH
CTOHMOCTb
ymKe
yMpeC2AeHHH
o6opygolBaHArnr
MeHee
(HanpHMep,
200 000
KaK
OAHaKO,
3aKynroK.
MCCTHbIX
CneUH(PHKaqHio
AOAAapOB) HAH eCAH 3TO
npOAaBUbI HaCTaHBalOT Ha 3aMeHe cyu.ecCTByioiero
npaBHAO,
o6opyAOBaHH,
C
4To6bi H 6a3a AaHHbIX H npeo6pa3oBaTeAbHble yCTpOHCTBa H npoiee AeHCTBOBaAH 6bl C
HCnoAb3oBaHHeM
HX eAHHorro o6OpyAOBaHHH.
BbICOKoe KameCTBO
H rapaHTHpOBaTb
KOHKpeTHbie
BbICOKHe Pe3yAbTaTbl
H BbICOKOe
6oAee
ropa3Ao
Ka'eCTBO pa6oTbl. 4A2
nocTynHTb HMeHHO TaK Heo6xoAHMo npeAycMOTPeTb B AoKyMeHTax
Toro, MTo6bi no3BOAHTb UM
TeHaepa
OHH MOryT AaŽ1e npeAAomKHTb
cneLH(HKaUHH
nOAyiaeMOH
npOAyKgHH,
C
nOMOU4bIO
HOBOrO
o6opyAoBaHHH .
.9 AeMeHTbI TeHepaHOI
B
AOKyMeHTax AOAŽIHO
MeCTHOCTH,
rAe
'lepe3 (pHAHaA, CTeneHb
6
6blTb
4xO(yMezrTagiHH 'eTKO
yAeT npOBOAHTbCH
oTpanteHO
OCHau;eHHe,
qepe3 OCHOBHyIO
nporpamMHoro
o6ecneqeHHH
309
npoAaBJa
opraHH3aUHlO
pa6OTaIoIgHe Ha yCTaHOBKe,
AOA2KHbi 6bITb orOBOPCHbl cneqHaAHCTbl,
HcnOAb3OBaHH5i
npHCyTCTBHe
o6a3aTeAbHoe
AH6o
H
o6beM
H
xapaKTep
B
AH6o THn H
Heo6xOAHMoii
YxpenuAeHHe
py
O8OBCTRa
HN OBbrhieHH1 YyBCTBHreAbroCTH
hK oepeMeHaM
TeXHHqeCxOH nOMOUJH. aO.AMHbi 6blTb BKA1o0eHbI BonpOCbi HoAAep2mKH pa6OTbl o6opyAoBaaHHR nocAe yCTaHOBKH H npoBeAecHe nporpammbi o6yqeHHl, BpeMR, Heo6xoAHMoe AAR oKasaHHS TeXHHqecKoH rioMOUH Ha MCCTe no Bbl3OBy noAb3oBaTeAH, lLITpa(p 3a HapyiueHHe YCAOBHH corAamueNHH
H
pa3pa6oTaTb
cnegHaAbHoe
o6opyAoBaHHm
T.A.
a
ECAH
TaKmKe
npoAaBeg
AoA2KeH
nporpaMMHoe
MexaHH3Mbl
o6ecnemHTb
o6ecneqeHHe,
3aMeHbl
nporpaMM
naKeT
Heo6XO4HM
HAH
npHeMO4HbIf
SToro o6OpyAOBaHH.9,
AOA2KeH
aKT
TaKOrO
Bce 3TO AOA2KHo
6blTb BBKAio'ieHO B npoeKT KoHTpaKTa, KyAa TaKmKe BXOART o6a3aHHocTH H nOAHOMO4HH PYKOBOACTBa H YCAOBHSI BblnOAHeHHS1 KOHTpaKTa.
OpraHHagH
,4AM Ka2KAOH CHCTeMbl
AaHHbIX,
onpeAeAHTb
AaHHb1X
onepagH
HHKOBbIH
H
AOA2KHa npeAycMOTpeTb Co3AaHHe o6a3aTeAbHoii 6asbl
CpeAHHH
o6beM
Harpy3KH
Ha
KamAbiH
yseA
o6pa6oTKH
o0popMAeHHe
(uBKAiomasl
H BCKAeHHe AenO3HTOB, H3bHTHe CpeACTB, yAamHBaHHe pa3HorAacHH no cqeTam, OTBeTbI Ha 3anpocbl, nepeBoAbi CpeACTB H T-A.);AoA2KHbl 6blTb orOBopeHbl q)opMaTbl AoKyMeHTagHH TaKHX AOKYMeHTOB KaK nAaH CXeTOB, cTpyKTypa C-eTa KAHeHTa, Tpe6oBaHHSI K o6pa6oTKe AaHHbJX, nepeqeHb OCHOBHbIX OT4eTHbIX AoKyMeHTOB C OCHOBHbIMH
KaTerOpH.HMH AaHHbIX
KOMnbloTepHble
(pafHAbl,
AOA2KHbi
TaKmKe KaK Mo2KHo HHTerpHpOBaTb
Bce
B Ka2tAOM 6blTb
H3
HHX.
orOBOpeHbl
ECAH
B
KOTOPOM
KOHl eayaAH3auHf
Bcex
BeAeHH$1
HMeioigeecH o6opyAoBaHHe
AeTaAH AOA2KHbi 6bITb meTKO H3A02feHbl B AOKyMeHTe,
aBTOMaTH3agHH,
Heo6xoAHMo
YCAOBHH
TaKmKe
AeTaAHH
AOA2KHa B
6aTb
caMoM
(paHAOB
a
H MaullHHbI B HOBy1O CHCTeMy.
KOTOpbIH Ha3biBaeTC.1 CTpaTerHeHi
oTpa2KeHa
HaqaAe
npeo6pa3oBblBaTb
OCHOBHbIX
HH(POpmaUHOHHaH
peaAH3aHH
CTpaTerHR.
nporpamMMb1
nO3BOAHT PYKOBOACTBY H nepCOHaAy oTAeAa o6pa6oTKH AaHHbIX npHATH K corAacHIo B CBOHX HHorAa pa3HOPOAHbIX Tpe6oBaHHM. BcH nOArOTOBAeHHaSI HH(POPMaUHS AaCT
noAb3OBaTeARM, OTHOlUlHHH
B03MO2HOCTb
6yAyWemy
npoAaBUy
HaH6oAee COOTBeTCTBYoI1OUYO THna
o6opyAoBaHHR,
o6opyAOBaHHfl
nepe'iHCAeHHbIM
yT04HeHHR
npeAAo2HTb
geAfRM
aAeMeHToB
AyqlIlyIO
no (PyHKIHs1M,
KOH(PHKypagHio,
BpeMeHH
Ha o6pa6oTKy,
o6cAy2KHBaHHa9
a TaKme TOMHO oripeAeAHTb cMeTHyio CTOHMOCTb pa6oT H o6opyAoBarHHR. HacTb 6yAyngHe noKynaTeAH HamHHaioT C Bbi6opa o6opyAoBaaHRl no cneUHq)HKaMHHM 6es yKa3aHHq npeAnoAaraeMblx BHAOB ero HcnoAbsOBaHHR. 3 To MO2KeT npHBeCTH K H3AHIIIHeH KOMnbIOTepHOH MOIJHOCTH B yPqpe2KAeHHH H Bce 2Ke MoKeT He nOKPbITb Bcex Tpe6oBaHHH 6yAyiMero noAb3oBaTeAR.
pa3AeAOM
Ba2KHbIM OHa KaK
AOA2KHa
pa3Hbie
6yAyT
OgeHKH
-CTKo
KPHTepHH
ogeHHBaTbCl
B
npOnOpHqHHM.
OUeHO-1HbIX
nOHATHYIO
BAeMeHTOB
3THX
nOHR'THOH,
B
HeH
o6opyAoBaHafl 9
KAaccHcjH_HpOBaTbCH.
corAacoBaHHfl
H
Toro
H
MO2O2H
AaHHbIX
MeTOAOAorHH
AOAKHo
6bITb
nporpaMMHoro
AOCTHqb,
C 3aTpaTaMH
OueHKH.
oTpa2KeHO,
o6ecnemeHii
HcnOAb3yR
CHCTeMy
npOTRlmeHHH
Ha
(5
yCAOBHS1X
B 3aBHCHMOCTH KPHTepHeB
OpraHH3agHH
OCHOBHbIX
pa3pa6bOTKa
9BAReTCA
Bcero AeT) npH BbIAeAeHHH 3HaqlHMOcTH KOMnOHeHTOB no CpeAHeB3BelueHHb1M 3HaYeHHe AaHHb1X no CTOHMOCTH SIBAAeTC.R onpeAeAAO1ioHM MOMeHTOM npH
UHKAa
paBHbIX
KoMnOHeHTOB
H
AOKyMeHTOB
CTPyKTypHpOBaHHoH
3aTeM
oqKax,
2KH3HeHHoro npo10Hx
6bITb
TeHAepHblX
npOAYMaTb
H
3aHHMaeT
OT
o6 beMa
BeCOBOH H
H KOMneTeHTHyIO
OT 50 AoroBopa
H
3HaqHMoCTH
OnpeAeAHTb OUeHKy Bcero
CBOH
AO
75
OmeHKH
H xapaKTepa o6cAymHBaHHHn. KoMnoHeHToB
npHOPHTeTbI
npeAAo2KeHHH.
310
npo;geHToB
H
B
caMoM
noAAep2KaTb
OTAeAbHb1X
OnpeAeAeHHe
HaqaAe
nO3BoAHT
6ecnpHcTpacTmylo,
HPHAOPIfEHHIE5. HmePopMaMgoHHhIe TeXHOAOiwH B 6aHxo8cxoi NHHYCTPNH CTONMOCT1 YCTaHOBKH 060PY4OBaNHMH H BpeMHW oiepeWeHHH
B
opraHH3agHH.
3aBHCHMOCTH
B
BapbHpoBaTbCH
3HaqHTeAbHO
6yAeT
pa6oT
O6beM
nOTpe6HOCTeH
OT
MomeT
HH2HeM KOHye cneKTpa - YCTaHOBKa HecKOAbKHX MHKpoKoMnbioTepoB,
6blTb CBH3aHHbix Me2KAy co6oH B CeTb,
c
50 oA 250
1-2
AoAAapoB.
TbIC.Rq
YCTaHOBKa
800
MomeT nOTpe6oBaTb OT
TbICHq Ao
3
naKKCTOM 6aHKoEWKHx nporpamm MomeT CTOHTb OT MHHHKOMnblOTepoB
B LuTa6-KBapTHpe yqpemAeHHH
Ha
MHAAHOHOB AOAAapOB.
BepXHeM KOHCe ulKKaAbl,
rAe pacnOAO2KeHbl KpynHbIe MaluHHbl BbICOKOH MOUHOCTH H CKOpOCTH o6pa6OTKH HHq)OpMauHH, 0noA 8-10 CBH3aHHbIX B genH MHKpoKoMnbIOTepoB a TaK2me o6ecneMeHHe nOMOUiH no npoeKTy MO2KeT InOTpe6OBaTb KaIIHTaAoBAo2KeHHH OT
KAion
AaraIoT
npHo6peTeHHe
HHAHBHAyaAH3aUHH
Ha
BO3paCTH
2 - 20
(HanpHmep,
peaAbHOrO
B
AOAAapoB,
MAH
pa3pa6OTKH
BKAIOqeHHe
4AH
CaMOHaCTpOHKa H o6HoBAeHHe
6a3
TH oUeHKH npe4no-
B
OAHaKo,
H
MoryT
3aTpaTbi
yqpe2KAeHHH,
O6beMa
CHCTeMb1
CAO2KHOCTH
pem2HMe
B
pa6oTbl
nepeAama
aAeKTpOHHaA
onepaUHH,
cTeneHb
onpeAeAeHHYIO
H
BO3SMOKHOCTb
(PyHKgHH,
3
XOPOIUIHX pe3yAbTaTOB.
OT
3aBHCHMOCTH
pqAa
ACeeHTpaAH3OBaHHbIe
BpeMeHH,
rapaHTHH
HenocpeACTBeHHo
pa3pa6aTblBaTbcH
6biAeT
CHCTeMa
eCAH
o6opyAoBaHHH
MAH AOAA.
nporpamm
6aHKOBCKHX
naKCTOB
KOMnAeKCa
5 Ao 20
AaHHbIX,
AaHHbIX H T.A.).
06blqHO Ha 3aKynKy H YCTaHOBKY MHHHKOMnb1OTCpOB H KpynHb1X MaullHH Tpe6yeTcH
10
MecHieB. *
6oAee
Bpemq pacnpeAeAHeTCq CAeAyiolHM o6pa3oM:
aTo
ABa-TpH MeCHAa MemKAy nOAyMeHHeM npHrAalI1eHHR
AAA yqaCTHH B
TeHAepe H rOAa4iH
TeHAepHOro npeAAo2KeHHH; OAHH-TpH
*
OAHH-ABa MeCAga Ha yTO-HeHHe H Aopa6oTKy KoHTpaKTa;
*
ieTblpe-BoceMb MecH5geB Ha
*
H, HaKOHeg, OAHH MeCCR
3
TujaTeAbHYIO
ogeHKy
KOH(pHrypagHio
MecHfgeB
CO
nOCTaBKY o6opyAoBaHHq;
Ha YCTaHOBKY H 3a11yCK CHCTeMbi.
6aHKa,
BceMHpHoro
o6opyAoBaHHH
AOCTaBKY
caMOAeTHYEO
3aeMUJHKoB,
AeHCTBHH
CBoeBpeMeHHbie
npeAnoAaraeMble
BKAioqa1OT
ojeHKH,
TH
H yCAOBHH;
MecRgga AAH OU,HKH npeAAO2KeHHH H H3y"eHHH cnegH(pHKaUHH
*
H
nOAHYIO
OAHaKo, 6oAee peaAHCTHqHOH BbirAH4HT oieHKa BpeMeHH B 12-18 IoaTomy H3roToBAeHHe BblAaqH npHrAalleHHH Ha y'aCTHe B Toprax.
CHCTeMbI.
AHR
o6opyAoBaHHH,
nporpaMMHoro
CnegHaAH3HpoBaHHOro
HMeiOigerO
geAb1O
COOTBeTCTBOBaTb
noTpe6HoCTAM noAb3oBaTeAq, AOA2mHO HamHHaTbCH cpaay me nocAe nOAnHcaHHH KOHTpaKTa, ero He CTOHT OTKAaAbIBaTb Ha BpeMH, KorAa 6yAyT YCTaHOBAeHbl MalmHHbI.
06yr,eHHe H paRBMTHe IlporpaMMa MecTe
pa6oneM
reAoBeqecKHx pecypcou
Heo6xoAHMbIx
pa3BHTHR
HamaTbCH
A0A2iHbI
AOA2HO CKOHMeHTPHPOBaTbCH
HaBbIKOB,
HeMeAAeHHo
y"e6Hbie
KypCbI,
ceMHHapbi
Ha
KoHTpaKTa.
06y1eHHe
KOHKpeTHbIX nporpaMMax
H AOA2HO
yTOMHeHHA
noCAe
MaiuHHax,
Ha KOHKpeTHbIX
qacbi,
OXBaTbIBaTb noAb3oBaTeAeH, nepcoHaA no o6pa6oTKe AaHHbIX H3 pa3AH'IHbIX (PyHKtIHOHaAbHbIX opraHH3aMHH.
OTAeAOB
npOBCAeHO
npOAaBllOM
(nporpaMMHpoBaHHe, MecTe.
O6y'eHHe HAH
CnegHaAbHO
0611HM
no
KOMnb1OTepHbIM
KOHTpaKTy
BOnpOCaM
npHrAaluaemblmH
MO2KeT
nOAb3OBaHHR,
T.K.
8TO
Ha pa6oqeM
TePPHTOPHH npOBOAHT 3aHHTHA Ha KOMnb OTepaX, Ayqlue 3HaKOMo
311
emy H y
Hero
6blTb
CnegHaAHCTaMH
CHCTeMHbiH aHaAH3 H T.n.). aTo Mo2KeT 6bITb opraHH3oBaHO
HpO4aBeg Ha co6CTBeHHOfi
OCHOBaM
no
o6y
HMeioTCH B03MO2HOCTH
eHHe
AAA
YKpeHAemme p)7(ORoxCTBa H IORbIrreIHmH
opraHH3agHH
TaKHX
3aHffTHH.
4ARH
fpOBC4CHHH
CnegHaAbHO npHrAauaembiH nepcoHaA. KOH(PHrypaUHH H nOCTaBIHKaMH pa6oTHHKa
zo 6
6
oco eHHOCTH
3aHHTHH
MO2KeT
noTpe6OBaTbcfl
'ITo bi pa6oTaTb C MaiuHHaMH pa3AHqHOH
MHHHKOMnblOTepbi
MOryT noTpe6oBaTb HCnO.Ab3oBaHHe OAHOrO
a AAH Toro 'ITo
6
bI pa6oTaTb c
60AblHMH MalIIHHaMH
CBH3b CO CpeACTBaMH TeAeKoMMyKaHH
CnegHaAHCTa,
H
6
onepaTopoB H CnCgHaAHCT CHCTeMIIHK. HeKOTOpbie THllbI
HX HCnoAb3oBaHHH,
HCnOAb3OBaBHHA
BTHX
zepememamr
HarpHmep,
Ha qaCTb pa6oqero BpeMeHH,
noTpe6yeTcx
y,7RCTvHTeAbHOCTHN
KOTOporO
TpyAHO
HaHTH
B
caMoH
6
OAbIBHX MaInHH,
Mo2KeT rIoTpe6oBaTb
cTpaHe.
Oco6o
CTOHT
noA'iepKHyTb 3Ha'HMOCTb o6y"eHHH Ha pa6oxeM MeCTe B KoMnaHHH. B
TeX CAyqaqx, KorAa 6aHKoBcKoe o6opyAoBaHHe pa3pa6aTbIBaeTCH
q1HpMbI,
B pa3pa6oTKe
AaHHbIX,
4To6bl
pa6o'eM
MeCTe,
npaBHAaX,
nporpaMM
HaCKOAbKO YnPOCTHTb
AorHKe
H
caMoAoCTaTOsHbIlM
AOAmtHbI
3TO
BO3MO2KHO
nepeAa4y
CTPYKType
KOAAeKTHBOM
npHHHMaTb
o6AerqHTb
TexHoAorHH
nporpaMMHoro
BnOCAeACTBHH
cnegHaAbHo
no 3aKa3y
"MaCTHe pa6OTHHKH OTAeAa o6pa6oTKH
3aAamy
H nOAy'qHTb
o6yqeHHR
H3
o6ecneqeHHH.
KoMnaHHH
B
UePBOHCTOHHKa aTO
nO3BOAHT
Ha
3HaHHH HM
o
cTaTb
npH pacWHpeHHH nporpaMMHoro o6ecneqeHHA
H
nPH nPOBeAeHHH npo(pHAaKTHieCKHX H 3KcriAyaTagHoHHbix pa6oT. KaK
TOAbKO
npogeAypHoe
rlpogeccOB,
opraHH3aUHA
o6ecneqeHHe,
(fOpM,
o6eCnle4eHHH
Ba2KHa
rAe
6yAyT
o6HoBAeHHe
t
KpHTH IecKHH
acneKT
nOAb3OBaTeAefi
BBOAHTbCH
q4aHAOB, o6y4eHH5H
H
ee
no oTAa2KHBaHH[O
BO3MO2KHOCTH,
H yTO4HeHHIO
aBTOMaTH3MHpOBaHHOH
(KaK AAA ynpaBAeHqecKoro
ee
py'HblX
CHCTeMbi.
nepcoHaAa,
TaK H
Ha onepagHHx, AOA2KHo 6bITb HaqaTO A0 HCnoAb3oBaHHH
MoAyAeH B peaAbHblx nporpammax 6aHKa.
TaM,
BpeMeHH,
nporpamMy
BblKHBaeMOCTH
H o6yqeHHe noAb3oBaTeAeH
AAA TeX, KTO HenocpeACTBCHHO 3aHHT nporpaMMHbIX
KOHKpeTHYIO
CAeAyeT HaIHHaTb pa6oTy
KOAOB AAH
YTOSHeHHe npogeAyp
oipeACAHT
HOBbIe
H3bRTHe
HlOArOTOBKa
TeXHOAorHH
HHqpopMaUHH
HeAOOeHHBaeTCq,
B
(TaKHe H3
nOAb3OBaTeAeH oco6eHHo
KaK
CqeTOB
pe3yAbTaTe
onepaUHH
B
KAHeHTOB). 'lero
peaAbHOM
4acTTo
oTcTaeT
BTOT
rOTOBHOCTb
H 3aTPYAHReTCH BHeApeHHe HOBOH TeXHoAorHH.
HeKorophIe samegaHHrH Ho peaH3affHH lporpaMMa npOBeAeHHe
nporpaMMbi
rlpHeMAeMbIMH BbICTynaeT
aBTOmaTH3agHH
peCueHHe
6
BapHaHTbl
Bbi opa
opraHH3aUHoHHoH
KyAbTypOH
nepemeHam H Mo2KeT
HlepcoHaA
ripo6AeM
TeXHHKH
TO'KH 3peHHH 3aTpaT,
6bITb
nepenoArOTOBKH
B opraHH3agHH.
3a
0AŽMHa
C
CTpaAaIOT
H
nOMOIIbIO nOpOH
nAaHOB H aM6HUHH
Ha
BOCnPHHTHe
OTAeAa
H XapaKTepOM
pa36HTa
onepaUH9.
4To
YCBOeHHe AaHHbIX,
Bbl4HCAHTeAbHOH
H3AHuIHeH
Mo2KeT
H
o6pa6oTKH
CTa4HH
6
Hpe3BbiiaaHHo
o6ecneqHTb
HOBoro
KaK
H
npH
He
CAOH2HbAC
CO3AaTb AOnoAHHTeAbHOe
CTaAH
H3BeCTHO,
TeXHHKH,
CAOMHOCTbJO
bi
6bl
BcerAa
aTOM
HX
corAacypoTcn
C
rpOprpaMMbi
C
npoTHBOAegCTBHe
He6AaronpHATHo nOBAHHTb Ha HX npHHHTHe riepCOHaAOM,
Ha rOTOBHOCTb I
nepexoAy Ha pa6ory C nOMOUgbIO KoMnbIOTepOB KaK MOMHO cKopee. Bo.Mo2KHaH BbinOAHHTb
cTpaTerHA
OCHOBHbie
onepauHHii (aeAeaHe IDTa6-KBapTHpe AeHCTBHH
MoryT
q)yHKUHH
o6u4ero
6aHKa. 6
pa3AeAeHHq npoeKTa Ha aTanbi 3aKAionaeTCH
blTb
TeXHHmecKoro
nmypnaAa,
lIOCAe
Toro,
nepeHeceHbl
oCHaIgeHHH
C'leTa c6eperaTeAbHbrx KaK
OHH
Ha (PHAHaAbl.
OCHaJeHHH Ha MeCTaX.
312
Ha'HyT 9TO
B TOM, qTo6bi cHa'aAa
BcnoMoraTeAbHbIx 4eHOeHTOB,
ycneiLIHo
MO2KHO
noMeIeHHH
(1yHK!HOHHPOBaTb,
CAeAaTb
H
Be OMOCTH H T.4.) B
nyrem
aTH
noo'iepeAHOro
JlPI-A OJiEHHE5. KOHNenHNK
MT. O6blHo BHemaAe
onpo6oBaHHs
HAH
HcUbiTaHHu
onbITa
npeAbIAyigero
B
noAb3oBaHHR HMH.
iporpaMMHblM
HOBbIM
BpeMeHH
H
oripeAeAeHHbIe
ECAH
AOAKHbl
KAHeHTOB
3a aTO
cAeAaHHble
HH@OpMaiHH
BbInOAHHTbCH
cieTax3 AOA2KHbi 6blTb
B
Me2KAy
COTPYAHHIeCTBa
Tpe6yioiga
TecHoro
riepCOHaAOM
nOAb3OBaHHH
o6ugero
pHAmaAe,
B
no
noKa He 6yAeT
6bITb
o6pa6oTKH
3aBHCHT
BCe
H
AAA o6HoBAeHeH
BTO CAO2KHaH
oTAeAa
onepalQHH
aToH1
Ha
CaAbAO
Bpy4HylO
coxpaHeHbI
B cqeTax.
nepcoHaAoM
H ayAHTopaMH.O6beM
H MHCAa pa6OTHHKOB
(pHAHaAe
3anHceA
H1
AOAmHo
3aTeM
c4eTax.
H py'qHbIX
AaHHbIX
KoMnbioTepHb[X
corAaCoBaHHe
KaMAOM
H3MeHeHHH
BpeMH
6yAyT
AOAKHbi
nepexoAa
nepexoAa,
KaK AeHb
6a3y AaHHbIX.
KOMnbloTepH3HpOBaHHbKX
Ha
AaTa oKoH'iaTeAbHoro
B KOMnblOTepHYiO
onepaUHH
CmeTOB)
c6eperaTeAbHblx
BeAeHHe
o6o3HameHHorO
AHM,
bITb BBeACHbI
Bce
AaHHbIX,
BBOA
3aKoHtieH
6
6biTb
CoXpaHHTb cACAaHHbie HHBeCTHUHH.
6bITb yCTaHOBAeHa
pa6onero
KoHga
C
npaKTHKy.
AoAmHa
MTo6bi
BTOMy
pa6oTbl.
MoryT
nepHoAa AerKO
nepexoAHoro
K
AAR
HaBbIKH
Heo6xOAHMbIe
H
OnbIT
(HanpHMep,
(3YHKUHH
anepBbie,
aBTOMaTH3HPYeTCH
C eTaM
H
o6ecneMeHHe
B 6oAee IlUHPOKYIO cxeMy AA, TOrO,
HHTerpHpoBaHbN
t
nporpammHoe
C
MOuHOCTH
6aHKa.
noTpe6HoCTH
YAOBAHTBOPH1O1JHM
HMeTb
6YAyT
y2Ke
opraHH3agHH
MHKpoKoMnbloTepbl
HOByio
o6ecne'ieHHeM,
Ha
bITb 3aMeHeH
COOTBeTCTBy1oigeH
MaalIHHbI
HcnoAb3oBaHbl
6yAyT
KOTOpOM
B
OKoH'iaTeAbHbIf,
6
M02KCT
BapHaHT
HymKHoe BpeMH 8TOT npoMe?KyTO'iHblH
npogeAyp
CTaHAaPTHbiX
H pa3pa6oTKe
rpaMOTHOCTH
noAxoA
TaKofi
aBToMaTH3agHeH.
H
KoMnbloTepaMH
C
pa6oTbl
KOMnbIOTepHOH
pa3BHTHIO
K
npHBeAeT
rAe
MO2meT 6bITb nOAe3eH B HeKOTOPbIX opraHH3aHHAx,
nOAylqeHHbIX Ha MHKpoKOMnblOTepax, HeT
peeeHHH,
3aTpaT, HcnOAb3OBaHHe
]eAH CHH2KeHHH
noAxoA, npeCAeAyIogIiHH
OrpaHH4eHHbIH
BTOT
aTeM
.
CepHHHbIU
KaK
Pe3yAbTaT 3anyCKaeTCH
3
pe3yAbTaT.
Bcex
yAoBAeTB0pHlo01IHf
AOCTHrHyT
6yAeT
He
noKa
yCTpOACTBa,
oTAamHBaHHe
H
npOx3OAHT HaCTpOAKa
KOTOporo
B TeMeHHe
,
npoXxOAHT CTaAHIO
TaKOB BKCnepHMeHT
BBeAeHH.P
pHCK HeyCnelIIHOCTH
o6jNH|
coxKpajaeCT
S3HNaHTeAbHO
onepagH
Ka2KAOA
npHMeHeCHH
nHAoTHoro
NRA'yCTPMH
6a&HoRRcRoi
HH.rpopmaymHi,rbe TexHoAorHH
OT
npoBeAeHO onepaisHH,
AaHHbIX
HHCAa CieTOB
o6beMa onepagHA
H
H B
KOAH'eCTBa
ouIH6OK B AanHcHx.
Bo
noAAep2KHBaIo0IHx 6
o
6
aBTOMaTH3agHH
6blTb
MO2KCT
nepeHeCTH OnbIT Ha BeCb
saTeM
a
6aHKa
AH6o
ocylgeCTAeHa nOAXOA.
Ha yme
Bo
aBTOMaTH3agHmo ee
BbIHOCRT no
scex CAy'aHX BcerAa MeCT a
WTO M02KHO OCylgeCTBARTb OAHOBpeMeHHO
UHKA o6pa6OTKH,
B
(pyHKUHqpM
6yAyugHx pa6oMHx aBToMaTH3HpOBaHHbIX
nPOTOTHna
HaqaTb C cO3AaHHB
2KeAaTeAbHO
rOAOBHoro
AA.H
ugHx
nepexoAHT
cHaiaAa
no mecTy, HHOrAa HCnOAb3yeTCH CMeCluaHHbli
(oTAeAaM) AH o
3aTeM
onepagHH,
peaAH3agmH
cpHAHaAbi.
opraHH3aqHH
cPHHaHCoBbie
CAy'aHX
MHOrUX
C
COXpaHeHHeM PYLHbIX onepagHi. KaK TOAbKO aaBepinaeTcH OTAaAKa onepaH,Hus OCyWeCTBAmeTCB nepexoA
KoMnblOTepHble
Ha
3aBHCHMOCTH HanpHMep, 6AaroAap.i
OT
o6,beMa
3anuceu,
KOHBepTHUOBaHHe CTaTHMHOMy
BpeMeHHble
onepallHH.
OCHOBHbIX
o6beKTy;
(POHAOB
H
HMe1o1Hu 20-30
meTKoro
q)HAHaAOB,
onpeAeAeHHH
CAeAOK,
cpeAcTBa,
KOHBepTHpOBaHHH.
BpeMeHHoro
r1OAHaiq aBTOmaTH.3aH
Hao6opoT,
q)yHKUYHH.
AerKylo BeCbMa
B
3aAatiy, aKTHBHOC
OHH Tpe6yloT BHHMaTeAbHOro
rpacpHKa.
06biiHo
6aHK,
CpeAHHH
Bcex (yHKUHA Mo2eT 3aHRTb OT
AeT Aame npH yCAOBHH HcnOAb3OBaHHH nporpamMHoro naKeTa.
313
aapbpHPYOTCH
xapaKTepa
AOCTaTOMHO
npeACTaBAHeT
me
o6opOTHbMe
CpeACTBO H co3AalOT 6oAbiuHe TPYAHOCTH npH OTCACMHBaHHS
onepaUHA,
KOAHqeCTBa
npogecca
paMKH
3
40
5
YmpeOwAelNe
HoKa
pyKOBOAcTRa
Ar IoBbrIIeHIJ
aBTOMaTK3HPYIOTCH
HOBbIe
gYBrcTBHTeAbHoc7w T
OTAeAbl
H
qpyHKMHH,
KepemrMHaM r
BO3HHKaeT
noAAep2HBaTb B pa6o0eM COCTOHHHH yme aBToMaTH3HPOBaHHbie
Heo6XOAHMOCTb
Y3MaCTKH CHCTeMbl,
KOTOpbIe ymKe 6bIAH 3anyIeHbI. TaKaR pa6oTa MomeT 6blTb o6ycAoBAeHa pa3AHqH3iMH B nporpaMMHOM o6ecneqeHHH, Ae(peKTaMH KOHCTpyHPOBaHHR KOHWpHrypagUHH HAH B03POCUIHM o6beMoM pa6oTbl, a Mo2KeT 6blTb H H3MeHeHHHMH B npaKTHKe CfHHaHCOBOro yMpemAeHHH, KOTOpble Tpe6yIOT nlepeHaAaAKH
HeKOTOpbXX
MOMeHTOB HAH BHAOB npOAyKUHH. HOCKOAbKy Ha aToM aTane cepbe3Hbie pecypcbl B BHAe OnbITHbIX H 3HaIOUAHX pa6oTHHKoB H cnegHaAHCTOB, y'Ipe2KAeHHe MOmeT 3aKAIO'HTb KOHTpaKT C npOAaBBOM o6opyAoBaHHH Ha KOHCYAbTaUHOHHbie Tpe6yioTcsI
HAH Hle(pcKHe YCAyrH B fIOMOIIb IIPOBOAHMOA pa6oTe.
cregHaCTOB Ha 1IOACTaBKH AH6o AAR KaKOH-TO
npoeKTa
nOA
KAIO'I.
Heo6xOAHMbIx
npHMbiX
ECAH me y npoAaBga
reA OH Mor 6 bl npOBOAHTb AOnOAHHTeAbHOe o6yqeHHe,
MOUgHOcTeH,
3
To,
C
onepagHHx
OAHOH
B
CTOpOHbI,
KpOMe
6aHKe,
MeAecoo6pa3Ho
npHrAaCHTb
iaCTH npoeKTa HAH Ami nOAHoro ocyWeCTBAeHHM MOmeT
o6pa6oTKH
6aHKa H3 OTAcAa
pa6oTHHKoB
HeT AOCTaTO%HbIX
Toro
AOFIOAHHTCAbHbIM HCTO0HHKOM cneUHaAH3HpOBaHHOH
npHBeCTH
K
CoKpaI1eHH1O
'IHCAa
AaHHbIX qTo6bl HCIOAb3oBaTb
HX Ha
CTOpOHHHe
CriegHaAHCTbI
HHpopMaaUHH
H
6
MoryT
blTb
onbITa.
OCHOBHOE HCnOAb.30BAHHE HT OcHoRlHIe J7pOgeqypYb m 6ammH 4aHHhIX Heo6xoAHMocTb co3AaHHm H
C4HTaeTCA
aBToMaTH3HPOBaHHbIX HOAb3OBaTeAA
ycnexa
(pyHK4HH MOmeT
pe3yAbTaTaMH
HdCrnoAb3oBaHHe 3
npogeAyp.
pagHOHaAbHOH OCHOBbl AAH 6yAyujefi
YCAOBHeM
nOAb3oBaTeAeH,
AeMTeAbHOCTH.
6blBTb
onpeAeAeHa
o6pa6oTKH
nporpamMHoro
Toro
BCeH
MO2KHO
naKeTa
Ao6HTbCM
o6HOBAeHHeM
AaHHbIx, MO2KeT
C
MaTepHaAa
H3MeHeHHe npaKTHKH pa6oTbI.
FlpogeAypbl
6bMTb
AOnOAHMTbCM
HOHMTHbl
H
AOA2KHbI
Ycnex
nOMOIgbIO
H
H
Ha OCHOBaHHH
npo2eAypoH
Bbi3BaTb
noco6HA
pa6oTbl nPH3HaeTcq AaBHo
YAOBAeTBOpeHHOCTH
BBOAa
AaHHbIX
Heo6xOAHMOCTb
HHTeHCHBHOH pyKOBoACTB,
aBXpeKTHBHOCTb
H
nepecMoTpa
nporpaMMbj KOTOpble
T.A. BCeX
o6yqeHHR
6bi
OTpamaAH
H ApyraH AoKyMeHTaUHM AAR nOAb3OBaTeAM AOA2KHbl TeXHHqeCKoH
AOKyMeHTagHeH
npOrpaMMHOMy
no
o6ecneqeHHlO. Ba2KHOCTb COBpeMeHHbIX, nOAHbIX H yAo6Hbix AAR no.Ab3oBaHlH
noco6HA HeAb3H
nepeogeHHTb,
H
cnopam
a
HeAOCTaTKH
Me2KAy
HenOHHMaHHeM
c6oeB
H
6
BTOH o6AacTH
nOAb3OBaTeAmH
H
qaCTo
riepCOHaAOM
npHBOAMT
cAy?K6
K OCTpblM
o6pa6oTKH
AaHHbIX
6ecnoAe3HbIM H
B3aHMHbiM
B3aHMHbix o6R3aTeAbCTB.
OfeNxa ,AOA2KeH
B
HIOAb3OBuaTeAJ
bITb co3AaH
3aAep2KeK
HAH
oTcAe2KHBazoliUH
oiIH6 OK
B
MexaHHsM
onepailHX
AAA OgeHKH
CHCTCM
HeAoCTaTKOB,
aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHOFO
HeCrOAHOTbl,
npHM-HCHHM.
Ct)OpMaAbHaM
npogeAypa AOKAaAOB 0 HMelOujHXCM npo6AeMax H cnoco6ax HX pa3pem1eHHn Tome AOA2KHa 6blTb BBeAeHa H Ae4CTBOBaTb. rlOArOTOBHTeAbHblH KOMHTeT no HIT AOA2eH CTaTb opraHH3agHeH,
HHHuHHpyiougeH
pacnpeAeAeHHIo
rIpMOpHTeTOB
MmeponpHMTHM
no
COBP1iueHCTBOBaHHIO
HCnOAb3OBaHHH
B BTOH o6AacTH H peilIeHHM BO3HHKaioWHx npo6AeM.
314
MT,
HPH OATEHHIE 5. HmirPopma
p
o
olHmuhre TexHoAorHH z 6awrowcKroi
OllpexeAe He Tpe6o0aHMA IOAb0ObBaTeAJ1 pa3BHTHR
qa3a
Ba2KHaH
caMaR
aTo
Ka2KAOA
TpeAOBaHHH
nporpaMMb!,
HHAHBHAYaAH3HPOBaHHbie
ByAb BTO
UHKAa.
CHCTCMHOrO
HieTKO
6bTb
AOA2KHbi
(3YHK%UH
HAH
CTaHAaPTHbIC
6
onpeAeAeHbl, yBB3aHbl H BbHnOAHCHbI no Bo3MO2KHOCTH. H.3Ao2KeHHe Tpe6oBaHHU AOA2KHO B
qIOpMe,
nHCbMeHHOH
(FYHKIHOHaAbHYIO
6
o ycAoBAeHHocTb.
AaHHbie no onepag!HM,
BBOAHMbie AaHHbie,
H
rpynnou,
AOAMHbI onpeAeARTbc5i
B HAeaAe,
npeAcTaBAAioujeu noAb3oBaTeAeA U3 KafflAoro noApa3AeAeHHR H KamAOH TeXHHueCKHX cnegHaAHCTOB.
6 Heo xoAHMbIi
AorHKH H aAropHTMa,
o6pa6oTKa
aTH noTpe6HocTH,
KOHTpOAb H peAaKTHPOBaHHe.
K OTqeTHOCTH,
Tpe6oBaHHH
6blTb OTpamKeHbI
TaM AOA2Hbi
ero
YBHAeTb
qHTaTeAio
no3BOAHTb
H
rAy6oKHM
AOCTaOHHO
bITb
PYHKUHH a TaK2Ke H3
BCe npeACTaBHTeAH TaKOu rpynnbi BMeCTe AOAmHbl pa3pa6oTaTb
pa3Hoo6pa3Hble HO HHTerpHpoBaHHbie Tpe6oBaHHA.
cocTeMbI/rHHweHepHaa' paspa6Aora
KoacTpyiwpowaHHe
3SbIK HH2KeHepHH H
Ha
CAeAyIouMHM luarom HBAReTCH nepeBoA Tpe6oBaHHf nOAb3OBaTeAeH
KOTOpbIe 6bl OnpeAeAHAH CTPYKTYpy lpaiAoB, coAepmaHme AaHHbJX,
npOeKTOB, cneMHq)HKaUHH,
npHMeHeHHA CHCTeMbl, BeAeHHe CKBO3HbIX 3anHceH, BHYTpH6aHKOBCKHU nepeBoA
BO3MO2KHOCTH
3
HH(pOpMaUHH.
pa6oTa
Ta
BbIlnOAHeTCH
o6bIMHO
npH
CriegHaAHCTaMH
TexHHHeCKHMH
BBoAe
2KeAaembix AaHHbiX nOAb3oBaTeARMH. Coo6pa2KeHus o pa3pa6oTKe AH3aHHa CHCTeMbi BKAIo'alOT nOMHMO
onepaigH.x
HMeAH
C
HapHAy
qpHAHaAbi,
Bce
AoCTyn
B rOAOBHOM
OTACAbHbIMH
MaAbiMH
O61beM
H
H
CTaHOBHTCA
BCe
AegeHTpaAH3agHH
BO3MO2tmHOCTb
UeHTpaAH3agHlo HX Ha
HH2KeHepbi
6
CHCTeMI_qHKH
Mo2KHO cqHTaTb Ao aBAeHHOH
3Ha'iHTeAbHo
yAopo2KaHHIO,
B qaiiAax,
pa6OTa
KaPTO4KaM
H
ynpaBAeHnecKHe,
BAeKTpOHHOfi
o6oraTHT
C
nOTOMY
nonyAHpHOi,
6oAee
CTaHAapTHOrO
HCHOAb3OBaHHeM
qpyHK4lHOHaAbHHbIX
AaHHbIX
MTO
Ha MHHH-
OHa
o6UHMH
c
coH3MepHsTbCH
T.A.
'IeAoBexiecKHe
KoHgenU1iH
nporpamMHoro
npeAyCMaTpHBaeT
H MaKpOKOMnb OTepax
H
OAblUHX MaUIHHax.
6
BKAioieHHe
(CptHaHCOBbIe,
6aHKe
AH3aHHa
HHAHBH4yaAbHOrO
o6ecnemeHHn
B
HeKoBbiM
AOA2KeH
onepaqUHi
KOTOPOU
aBTOHOMHOrO
HHwppacTpyKTypa TO2Ke AHKTyKoT napameTpbi aBToMaTHaagHH).
acneKTbl, o6yqeHHe, pa3pa6oTKH
TCHAeHUHIMH
o6HoBAeHHR AaHHbIX no
K
6aHKe,
6a3aMH
o nepCOHaAe, peuieHHe o6
cBeAeHHI
HaAHAHOCTH
BblAame
npeAycMOTpeHHbIX
xapaKTep
xapaKTepHCTHKaMH
no
annapaToB
aBToMaTH3HpoBaHHbIx
BO3MOmHOCTb
HH(pOpMaUHH,
nepeAaqe
AeieHTpaAH3OBaHHbiX
6a3bI AaHHbIX
nOAb3OBaHHH. Ba3a AaHHbIX, 06beM H xapaKTep onepaUHAi, BAeKTpOHHOii
H
geHTpaAH3oBaHHbIx
cO3AaHHe Y!AeHTPaAbHOH
(HanpHMep,
6bl
0
pelneHHR
cneAHc)HKaUHH
'HCTbIX
AOA2KHbl
CAeAaTb
CTOHMOCTblO,
ynop
H HaCTaHBaTb
BHyTpH6aHKOBCKOiU
BO.3MOKHOCTH
HO aTH pa6oTbl
MOryT
BceU 6
Ha
XOTH
blTb BbinOAHeHbi
6
Ha HX
IPHOpHTeTHOCTH.
npHBeAeT
ropa3Ao
KOTOpbie 6yAyT rapaHTHpOBaTb pa OTOcnoco6HOCTb BCeH CHCTeMbi.
315
BHAOB ycAyr,
K
ee
KOTOpbhe
HanpHMep,
nporpaMM
rpac)wiecKHx
nofTbl,
CHCTeMbi,
pa3pa6oTKy
H
T.A.
3Ha%HTeAbHOMY
no3AHee OCHOBHbIX pa6oT,
YjrpemieHHe pYKoRoaeTra
H JIORbIIIemm 1111CTrTeAbHOCTH
K ,iepemeHam
nPOrPAMMHOE OBECIHEqEHHE
HaxeTmi nporpammh KAioteBOH
peLueHHe,
naKeTa nporpaMM nporpaMMb1
KoTOpoe
HeKOTOpbIe
aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHOH
CHCTeMbi,
y
rpH
nOTeHgHR
aToro
aTOM
HX
fioAxoAa
HanpHMep
pa3pa6oT4HKoB
HHAHBHAYaAbHb1X
BO3MOmHOCTb
AerKOHi
BaHKoBcKoe
nOA6Hpaa KOTOpOM
MorAa
BKAaA4HKOB Bbl6op
H T.A.)
npaKTHIeCKH rlIOTOMy,
Ha6op
Aio6bJx
rpynnbl
npOH3BOAHTeAH
6ioAmeToB
BpeMH
KaK
3aTpaT.
H BeAeHHM
pa3pa6oTKa
peieHHe noKynaTb H
B3BeWCIIHHblM
nporpamM
noAyMaTb
BO
BceM
HAH
nOCAe
MHpe
H
Bcero
OAHaKo,
BbI6op
cKa3aHHOe,
C Ha6opoM
Tpe6oBaHHRM
naKeTbI,
KOTOpbJe
o6ecnemeHH.I
cCeTaM
HcnOAbsylOTCH
Ha
HCnOAb.SOBaTbcR orpaHHqeH.
npeA4AO2KHTb
BbZCTynaTb
K
B
nOAb3OBaTeAeH.
IOHHKC cefi-iac
KOHcpHrypaUHH
naKeTa,
npHo6peTaeMbix
MoryT
peKoMeHAOBaTb
onpeCeAeHHOH
qpHpMy nporpaMMHoro
xapaKTep
KoTopbie
nlaKeTOB
MomHO
MalUHH
HHTerpHpoBaHHoro
npeAonpeAeAHeT
IOHHKC,
CHCTeMbi
CAeAOBaTeAbHO,
(nepexoA OT Be4OMOCTeH
COOTBeTCTBOBaA
HacTo
pa6oTbl H AerKOCTb
BCHKOrO pOAa.
KOMnAeKce
3aMeHa AaHHbIX
naKeTOB
MaJIHHax.
MallHH AH6o
0
coAepmaHHe
OTieTOB
HcKAioqeHHe COCTaBAHIOT
BO BHHMaHHe
BMeCTe
FlpeHMyujeCTBO
yMepeHHOCTb
COCTaBAeHHq
pe3yAbTaToB,
nOArOTOBKH
H KOTOpbIH 6bl AytwlIe
nIpHHHMa3
naKeTOB
4AA
Mbl AOA2KHbi
onepagHoHHoH Ha
nporpaMM,
KoMnOHeHTOB.
npHMeHeHHe
rAy6HHy,
pHpMy-UOCTaBJHKa.
HpoH3BoAHbIX
BCex nOTpe6HOCTeH 6aHKa.
BTy nOTpe6HOCTb.
HaAHAHe
C
KoMnaHHHX.
HHAHBHAyaAH3agHH
npocsHTaHHbIM
BKAioqa.9
BMeCTe
KOHCaATHHroBbix
aBTOMaTH3aaHio,
CHCTeM
CynjecTByeT
npHMeHeHHe nporpaMM onpeAeAHeT AaHHb[e noAemaaUHe o6pa6oTKe,
COOTBeTCTByIOujeH
MaIwHH H
npo6AeMbl,
OCyujeCTBARTbCR
6bl
nOAHYIO
npOAyMaHHbIM,
aKpaHOB TepMHHaAOB
o6ecneqeHHe
o6ecne-IHTb
pa6OTbI
npHo6pecTH
3-6 qeAOBeKOMeCHgeB, B TO 3aHHTb OT 3 Ao 5 AeT. loaTOMY
3aMCHbI oT4eAbHbIX
HX o6pa6oTKH,
HCnOAb3OBaHHH
B
ymepeHHaH
cy1geCTBYIOUHX
XOpOIuo
acneKToB
H Apyroe
M02KHO
nJOTpe6OBaTbCH
6bITb
Bcex
Ha
H COAepmaHHe.
50 Ao 80 nlpOgeHTOB
MO2KeT
BpeMeHH
nporpamm MOmeT
AOA2KHo
o6cymAeHHA
xapaKTep
npoAaBeg
HHAHBHAyaAH3agHH
o6ujero mypHaAa, MO2KeT
cOsAaBaTb
H
xapaKTepHCTHKH
OTqeTHOCTH KOTOpbJe
pa3yMHa;i
o npHo6peTeHHH
nepBOM cAyqae xapaKTep naKeTa
nporpaMM,
OT
noKpbiBaeT
B coKpal_eHHH
AAR
nporpaMM,
Bonpoca
C nOAKH ) HAH pa3pa6aTblBaTb
CHCTeMbI,
cpOpMaT
OCHOBHOH
noTpe6oBaTbcR
paCIIIHpeHHR,
B
yqpemAeHHH.
B
KacaeTCH
BapHaHT
apXHTeKTypbl
naKeTOB
HaKeTHoe o6ecneqeHHe o6bIlqHo
MomeT
ce6R
y
OTAeAbHO
npnHHTb,
TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIH
aCneKTbl
rOTOBb1X
Ha6op
KoMnbloTepaMH,
Heo6xOAHMo
(cTaHAapTHbIx,
caMocTORTeAbHO
OnpeAeAHT
HlHpOKHH
NAH NH.AHBHyaJAbHam paspa6oTxa I7porpaMm
H
K TeHAepy
ripOCHTb
AH6o
reHnOApHAqHKOM
npoeKTa.
eH
ECAH opraHHsagHH
nAaHHpyeT
CAeAyeT
aHaAH3
npOBeCTH
Toro 'iTo6bI COKpaTHTb MallHHbI
COCTaBAHAOT
nPHXOAHTCI
Ha
HcnOAb3OBaHHR
npogecc,
25-40
o6ecneneHHe,
CBOHX co6cTBeHHbIx
nporpaMMHblx
aBTOMaTH3HPOBaHHbIX
YCKOPHTb ero
o6bIqHO TOAbKO
npOrpaMMHOe
aBTOMaTH3HPOBaHHaR
pa3pa6oTKy
H H36emtaTb
npOgeHTOB
B
aTOM
BCeX 3aTpaT,
cAyMae
CHCTeMa ynpaBAeHHH C 6a3oii AaHHbIx.
316
OIUH60K.
H
CHCTCM
IHOCKOAbKy
6oAbinaH
MO2KeT
npOAyKTOB,
ynpaBAeHHR
AAH
paCXOAbl Ha
'aCTb
paCXOAOB
oKa3aTbCR
nOAe3HOHH
HPHA OIEHHE 5.
B 6aHKoBcKoiN NH4ycTpHN
HHqopMamHoHHbre TeXHOAOrNH
O,4HOFO Ha6opa HpOrpaMMHOrO o6ecffezeHHJ
BOBMOWHOCTb HCIOAbsORaHHN JAM RCeX THHIOR KOM7hWOTMpOB 3
TOT Ba2KHbIH BOnpOC npHxOAHTCH peUlaTb B CaMOM HaMaAe, TaK KaK CHCTeMa KOMnblOTePOB 6
H
BKAioKaTb
6yAeT
COBMeCTHMOCTH
o6AerIHT 'HCAO
IOCKOAbKy O4eHb orpaHH'ieHHoe
pacxOAbl.
HaKAaAHbIe
H CHH3HT
CHCTeMbi
pa3pa6oTKy
MalUIHHbI
o6ecnemeHHH
OAHHaKOBoro
IcnOAb3SoBaHHe
H 6oAbluHe
MaAbie
06bIqHO
Ba?KHa.
B03MOMHOCTb
nO8TOMY
MHKpOKOMnbIOTepbl,
nporpamm OmeHb
MC-AOC.
pasAH'qHbIH
HMeIOT
H
MalUHHbl
OAblUHe AAA
MallUHH
naKeTHbiX nporpaMM roAHTCH AAH BCeX THnOB MaIHlUH, MO0KHO nonbITaTbc,I H3y4HTb BOnpOC o6
oriepaguHOHHbIX
HcnOAb3OBaHHH
HCnOAb3oBaTb
CMOryT
He
MHKPOKOMnblOTepbI
IOHHKC/KCEHHKC.
CHCTeM
aTH
eCAH
HX
BOCnIOAb3OBaTbCA
M02KHO
riaKeTbl,
Aame
TepMHHaAaMH AAH BBOAa AaHHbIX, 4AH PeAaKTHPOBaHHH 'qTo6bJ CHH3HTb pa6oqyio Harpy3KY Ha iaCTHqHOH o6pa6oTKH AaHHbIX.
OCHOBHYlO MalUHHy, a TaKmKe AAA
OCoHmocTb 6aHAroRcKoro HpOrpaMMHOrO o6eCmeleHH
3aBHCHMOCTH
naKeTa,
OnepagHOHHb[X
OT
OT
BapbHPOBaTbCR
6oAbllHX
MaHHH MOryT
(PHKgHOHaAbHOCTH
H
300
KOAHmeCTBa
FIpH
AO
1
6
Ae HTopcKyio
3aKa3e HecKOAbKHX
H
H OT
MallUHH
KOAH'eCTBa
MOAyAeH,
npOrpaMMHbIX
B 3aBHCHMOCTH
AO AAapOB,
MHAAHOHa
Ha6OpOB
MHKPOKOMnbioTepOB
AAR
naKeTbI
BaHKOBCKHe
TbICHA
HHTerpHPOBaHHoro
MypHaA, 6ioAmeT,
geHHOCTH Ha CKAaAe, OCHOBHbie (POHAbl
AOAAapOB.
TblCq'q
CKHAKH.
CTOHT OT
CHCTeMbI,
HHKeHepHH
50
20 Ao
BO3MOŽKHOCTb
OrOBOpHTb
nepCOHaA,
BeAOMOCTH,
B
BapbHpyeTCH
o6ecneieHHu
MHKPOKOMnbIOTepHoro
reHepaAbHblH
6aHKOBCKHe (PyHKUHH,
BKAiomaloiero
MOKHO
CTOHMOCTb
CHCTeM.
KpeAHTOPCKYIO 3aAOA?KeHHOCTb,
MO2KeT
nporpaMMHoro
6aHKoBcKoro/6yxraATepcKoro
CTOHMOCTb
xapaKTepa HCnOAb3oBaHHH.
ApXHTeJrTypa cOMHlhbOTepHOrO o6opy,4olaHfJr IlOCAe
Harpy3KoH,
KOMnbIOTepHoro
6
o opyAoBaHHq
H noAAepmHBaTb onepainuH
MHKPOKOMrlbIOTepOB npoUeccopoB
B Ka2ŽAOM geHTpe
AHHeHHbie
npHHTepbl)
xapaKTep,
aTH
AOA2KHbi
npeAAO0eHHH
bITb
AOAŽKHbi
Bbi6ope BapHaHTOB npeAAO?KeHH
B
6
pa3pa6oTaTb
Heo6xoAHMo
C nporpaMMHbIM 6aHKa,
6
KOAH'eCTBO
HO
npeAoCTaBHTb
He
MHKpOKOMnbIOTepbl
HCnIOAb3OBaTbCH B
o6TbeAHHeHHbIMH
HCnOAb3OBaHHSI nOAYxHTb
6
BbirOAy
TeXHHxEeCKHMH
CeTb
OAblUOH no
mepe3
o6u
MallUHHbl
HAH
8(peKTHBHOCTH,
BO3MO2KHOCTHMH
MaalUHH
AH6o pa6oTatoujHe
MHHHMalUHH coH3MepHMOCTH
q4HX
OH-AaHH,
orpaHH4HBa1OII4HH
AOCTaTOMHY1O
B aBTOHOMHOM
6
CBO oAy
B
3a
cMeT
MCeIouerocH C
6
C TOqKH 3peHHH pe2KHMe,
j3aHiA-cepBep.
MexaHH3M
MO0KHO
HHTerpHPOBaHHe
317
H 0
CHCTeMbi
Ayxiulero pelUeHHH.
o6cAy2mHBaioujHfi
H
H 6
MalllHH
OAblllHX
HOCHTb
npoAaBUy
ynpaBAeHHH,
TepMHHaAoB
AHCKOB
xpaHeHHe
peKOMeHAOBaHbl,
lAH AOCTH2teKHUH
perHOHaAbHOM
(KOAH'eCTBO
Mai.UHH
pa3MeWeHHH,
o6ecneqeHHeM Ha KamAoM
HeKOTOPbIX pa3BHBaioHHxcH cTpaHax Mo2KeT OKa3aTbCH 6oAee pa3yMHbIM
SaTpaT
o6imylo pa6omefi
npeAnoAaraemoH
C
COOTBeTCTBUH
MHKpOKOMnbIOTepOB,
HeCKOAbKHX
AAR
CHCTeMbl
lUTa6-KBapTHpe
ra6apHTbl
cHAHaAaX).
6oAblUHX/MaaAbix
(B
o6opyAoBaHHA
pa3MeigeHHH
B
CBHSH AaHHbIX MemKAy OTAeAbHblMH y3AaMH. ApxHTeK7ypa
BO3MO2mHOCTbIO aHaAH3a,
AOA2tHa o6ecneMHBaTb
KAacce
HHmeHepHOH
pa3pa6oTKH
OKOHmaHHH
apxHTeKTypy
a3aMH
BMecTo
npeAAaraeMoro
nepcoHaAa AaHHblM
H
AH6o
nyTH
3aAaq
C
KAHeHTa.
YwpelMeHoe pKwOBogcTra PeMeHHe KaKHe
AOAMHO
3aBHCCTb H
CyUgeCTBYIOT
H IoRbIilIeHIfH qIyBCTRHTeAbHOCTIN HoepeMeHaM
OT TOrO,
BO3MOm2HOCTH
Ha
KaKOB THn o6cAy2HHsaHHH MeCTe
nOAAep2KHBaTb
npeAAaraeT
pa6oTy
npoAaBeg H
CAOMHbJX
MalllHH
B
YCAOBHRX HCHOAb3oBaHHH CA02KHOrO nporpaMMHoro o6ecneqeHHq.
lepe,gava gaHHbrx Mez4y MexaHH.M
nepeAa4H 6
AaHHbIX AOA2KHbl
bITb
4aHHbie o6 onepagHHx TeMeHHe
OAHOH
pellleHHH
npH
memAy
3aAOŽKeHbi
eHTpaMH
eCAH
nepeAaqH. apeHAY
ApyroH
AHHHU
nepeAa'
o6pa6oTKH
H
aBToHOMHaR
o6HoBAeHHA
CHCTeMbi.
HanpHMep,
He
'iaCTH
MomeT
MO2KeT
apyrOH
AHH (B
o6ecne4HTb
nepeKAzoqaemaH
CBHSb
AaHHbIX.
npHeMbi
Hepa6oleH
AaHHbIX
CnYTHHKOBYIO
nepeAaqH
H
apXHTCKTOHHKH
nepeAaqa
CTOpOHbi
6blCTpOU
gaHHhx
C AHCKCeT B Te'eHHe
TeAe"pOHHam
C
Heo6XOAHMOCTH
HX
npfH onpeqeAeHHH
MOryT nepeAaBaTbcH
HO'IH),
6e3ouIH6oMHocTb HCnoAb3ylo0gaH
AaHHbIX
JeHTpamH o6pa6oTirx
CeTb
6blTb
CBH3H,
BapHaHTOM
aAbTepHaTHBOH
MOKeT CAy2KHTb cyJgeCTBYlIOIaH ceTb taCTHbIX HAH rocyAapCTBeHHbIX AHHHU (aAeKTpoHHaH CeTb HAtH 2IHPO) nyTeM KpaTKOCpOHOH IAUH AOAroCpOMHOH apeHAbl. PeluenHe o6 HCHO1b3oBaHHH CeTH TeAeKoMMyHHKaJHH AOA2mHO npHHHMaTbcH nocAe o6cy2mAeHH.9 KaleCTBa jgHcpOBOH nepeAaqH, HaAHqHH
AHHHH nepeAaq,
OpraHH3aMHH
HX CTOHMOCTH,
HCnOAb3OBaHHR
B o6AacTH geHTpaAH3OBaHHoro
ApyrHx
npHeMOB
HAH AegeHTpaAH3oBaHHoro
H npeArIo'ITeHHH
COep2KaHHH
q)aHAOB
KAHeHToB.
Pesepeiabe
B
ffeHTpbI o6pa6oTrN ,4aHHA[X
6aHKOBCKOM
xapaKTepa
H
peaAbHOM
AeAe,
oco6eHHo
6yxraATepcKoH
BpeMeHH,
B TaKHX
eCAH
peqb
HH)popMa!HH cAy"aRx
HAeT
o6
HHcPopMaUHH
Heo6xOAHMO
oco 6 eHHo
o6ecneqHTb
Ae6HTHo/KpeAHTHoro pe2KHM
onepagHu
B
BaMHO
HaAH'He onepaUHH noAAepmKH H 6blcTporo pelleHHH KpH3HCHbIX cHTyaglHH. TaKa3l noAAep?KKa MO2KeT BKA1o0aTb yCTaHOBKy ABYX MaiIHH pRAOM B KOMnblOTePHOM 3aAe (cnHHOH K CnHH6) AAR nOAep2KKH HenpepblBHbJX onepagHH B peaAbHOM BpeMeHH, eCAH OAHa H3 MaII1HH BbIHieT H3 CTPOH Ha 3HaIHTeAbHblH nepHOA BpeMeHH. BTopa5I MallHHa Mo2KCT HMeTb MeHblllYIO MOjHOCTb H MO2KeT HMeTb KoHcpHrypagHlo. o6ecneqHBaioujyio noAAep2KKy onepaUH9 B KPHTHqeCKHX AAR KAHeHTa CAy-aRX, XOTH H B 6oAee MeAAeHHOM BpeMeHHOM peC3HMe H Ha 6oA6e HH3KOM CCpBHCHOM ypoBHe. B BTOM CAy'ae MeHblUlaR H3 MaIIHH Mo2meT 6bITb HCnOAb3OBaHa AAR pa3pa6oTKH CHCTeM/nporpaMM H MO2KeT BKAiOqaTbCH AAA pasrpy3KH OCHOBHOH 6oAblOii MainHHbi. CHCTeMbI
noA4ep2KKH
o6opyAoBaHHR
MOryT
ApyrHx
opraHH3agHH,
HcnoAb3oBaHHH HX o6opyAoBaHHff HAH
ApyrHx
Ma1iuHH
B
HelllTaTHbIX
Apyrom MeCTe
npeAyCMaTpHBaTb HMeCoIgHx
TaKm2e
BO BHe-nHKoBoe BpeMR,
CHTyaUHHX;
BTO
MO2KeT
C COOTBeTCTBYlOlgUMH
B03MO2KHOCTb
COBMeCTHMb1e
TaKmKe
HCnoAb30BaHHn
KpynHbJe
MaII1HHbl
B cAyqae KaTaCTpoqPHtieCKHX 6blTb
BO3MOKHOCTRMH
YCTaHOBKa
o6
c6oeB
AOnOAHHTeAbHbIX
BbICOKOCKOpOCTHOH
CBH3H
H
nepeKAIoqeHHA MeeKAy HHMH.
06opyr4oRaHHe icommlboTepooro saAa Cl)HHaHCOBoe a4qXpeKTHBHOH
yqpe2KAeHHe
oXpaHbI
H
TaK2me
KOHTpOAH,
AOA2KHO
C TeM
qTo6bi
cAeAaTb H36emaTb
HHBeCTHUHH cAyqaeB
B
MeponpHHTHH
HeCaHKUHOHHPOBaHHorO HCUOAb3OBaHHA KOMnblOTepHbIX 3anHceH 0 CAeAKax H T.A. COOTBeTCTBy101HH opraHH3aMHOHHbiH
318
17PHAOifEHHE 5.
He
ApyrHe
MepbI
o6ecneqeHbI
HeHapylUaemoro
Bo3MO2HOCTH
yTpamHBaeMbix
CAy4aHHO
BOCCTaHOBAeHHH
6blTb
AOA2KHbl
MeCTe,
o6ecneHeHHR
H
3anHceH
COrAaCOBaHH.R
B03MOMHOCTH
TaKme
a
onaepapUH
BeAeHHJ9
OTAeAbHOM
B
XpaHHTbCH
AOA2KHbl
tpaiiAbl)
KpHTHMeCKHe
6a3bi
o6HoBAHeMble
IepHoAHqecKH
yujep6.
HaHeceH
6blA
o6opyAoBaHHeM, 'TO6bi AaHHb1X 0 KAHcHTax ( H
KOHTPOAb 3a noAb3OBaHHeM
H (pUH3HUeCKHf KOHTpOAb 3a nepcoHaAoM, eMy
6aHxoaDcKoiH H4ycTpHH
HHmopmaMm0oHHbie TexHoAorNH
AaHHbIX B 'ipe3BbiqaHHbIX o6CTO51TeAbCTBaX. Heo6xoAHMocTb
AAA pa6OTbi 6oAbluoro
yCAOBHH
OrlTHMaAbHbIX
HeAOCTaTOK
CTPOHTCAbCTBa HAH BOCCTaHOBAeHHH
M02KeT
CHH2KCHHIO
HAH
o6opyAoBaHHA
BKAJoMaIOT
3aAy
KOMnbHTrepHOMY
nIpHBCCTH
HHorAa
K
o6beM'a
KOMnblOTepa HHorAa
Mpe3MepHbIM
aAeKBaTHoe
aKyCTH'ecKOe HaAOHqHe
Hanpsm?eHHe,
MarHHTHOfl
AeHTbI,
roMoegeHHR
Ha
300
TbIC Ao
3aTpaTu). Tpe6oBaHHH a
Ha
1
B
B OTHOlu1eHHU
eCAH
AAA
MaCTO
3anHcH
pa6omee
OKpymaIOIUX MO0HO
MeCTO
H
KOMHaTbl
AAS1
KpynHOH
xpaHeHHH
Ami
BoccTaHoBAeHHIO
MaalUHHbl
6 0 b1lqHO
(B aTH OUCHKH He BXOIHT CTpOHTeAbHbie yCAOBHH
AAH
MHHHKOMHbIOTCpOB
HenocpeACTBeHHO
B
He TaK
cAyme6HbIX
MoryT nOTpe6oBaTbca cTa6HAHsaTopbi
OTKAiOxieHHR
319
HAH
PacxoAbl io
T.A.
pa6OTaTb
HanpHmeHHs.
rioAep2maHHe
AOCTyn B noMeigeHHe, perHAHPOBaHHe
nOABaAbI-
BceX BHAOB o6opyAOBaHHq HMelOT
TaKoMy
K
BO3Ayxa,
aTOT
IIOAOMKaM
noMeuieHHH, CoopymeHue nAaT)op0Mbi noA
COCTOHHHe
MH.AAHOHa AOAAapOB
MHKPOKoMnblOTepax
noMeC1eHHHX. OAHaKo, HaripSmeHHR,
reHepaTopoB,
BeAyTCH
ero
B03BpaIIeHHi0
H
COCTaBAHioT OT
cTporH,
KOTOpOU
Tpe6oBaHUH
KOHAHUHOHHPBOaHHe
nOKPbITHC CTeH, OrpaHHHeHHblI aBapHHHbiX
HeAooUeHHBaeTcH.
HenpeAcHAeHHbIM
HAH BpeMeHH.
pa6oiero
BAam2HOCTH H TeMnepaTypbl, nOAeHenpOHHUaCMOCTb MalIHJHOH,
KOMnb1OTCpHoro 3aAa AAR o6ecne4eHHH
BAeKTpo3HeprHH
H
KoAe6aHHI
I
AJITEPA TYPA Alpander, Guvenc G. 1982. Human Resources Management Planning. New York: American Management Associations. Bank of England, Banking Supervision Division. 1987. Guidance Note on Accounting and other Records and Internal Control Systems and Reporting Accountants Reports Thereon. Notice to Institutions Authorized Under the Banking Act 1987. London. Baughn, W.H., and C.E. Walker. 1978 Bankers' Handbook. Homewood, Ill.: Dow JonesIrwin. Binder, Barrett F., and Thomas W.F. Lindquist. 1982. Asset/Liability and Funds Management of U.S. Commercial Banks. Rolling Meadows, Ill.: Bank Administration Institute. Brigham, Eugene F., and Louis C.Gapenski. 1988. Financial Management: Theory and Practice. Hinsdale, Ill.: Dryden Press. Brigham, Eugene F., and J. Fred Weston. 1972. Managerial Finance. Fort Worth, Tex.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Brink, Victor Z., and Herbert Witt. 1982. Modern InternalAuditing: Appraising Operations and Controls. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Bryan, Lowell L. 1988. Breaking up the Bank: Rethinking an Industry under Siege. Homewood, Ill.: Dow Jones-Irwin. Buyck, Beatrice. 1991. "The Bank's Use of Technical Assistance for Institutional Development." Policy Research Working Paper 578. World Bank, Country Economics Department, Public Sector Management and Private Sector Development Division, Washington, D.C. Canada. Office of Superintendent of Financial Institutions. 1990. "Prudent Person Approach." Ottawa, Canada. Channon, Derek F. 1986. Bank Strategic Management and Marketing. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Crosse, Howard B., and George H. Hempel. 1973. Management Policies for Commercial Banks. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. Davis, Stephen I. 1985. Excellence in Banking. New York: MacMillan. de Juan, Aristobulo. 1987. "From Good Bankers to Bad Bankers." EDI Working Paper. World Bank, Washington, D.C. 99 Drucker, Peter F. 1992. Managing for the Future: The 1 0s and Beyond. New York: Truman Talley Books. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. 1988. U.S. Guidelines for Financial Institution Directors. Washington, D.C. Federal Reserve System, Board of Governors. U.S Commercial Bank Examination Manual. Washington, D.C. Gianotti, John B., and Richard W. Smith. 1981. Treasury Management, A Practitioners Handbook. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Gladin, William M. 1982. Asset/Liability Management: A Handbook for Commercial Banks. Rolling Meadows, Ill.: Bank Administration Institute. 321
YKpMeewle
KoBfo,4cTrar N JIORhbJIzeCfJL
YJzCTRNTeAbHOCT7
Kr izepemeHam
Gup, Benton E. 1990. Bank Fraud: Exposing the Hidden Threat to FinancialInstitutions. Rolling Meadows, Ill.: Bankers Publishing Company. Hempel, George H., Alan B. Coleman, and Donald G. Simonson. 1986. Bank Management: Text and Cases. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Hinids, Manuel. 1990. "Issues in the Introduction of Market Forces in Eastern European Socialist Economies." Europe, Middle East, North Africa Region, World Bank, Washington, D.C. Honohan, Patrick, and C. Chamley. 1990. "The Taxation of Financial Intermediation." Policy Research Working Paper 421. World Bank, Country Economics Department, Financial Policy and Systems Division, Washington, D.C. Horigren, Charles. 1982. Cost Accounting: A ManagerialEmphasis. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Pirentice Hall. Huppi, Monika, and Gershon Feder. 1990. "The Role of Groups and Credit Cooperatives in Rural Lending." World Bank Research Observer 5 (April). Hutchinson, Harry D. 1967. Money, Banking and the U.S. Economy. New -York: Meredith. Kelly, Charles W. 1974. Valuing Your Money Inventory. New York: Citicorp. Kotter, John P., and James L. Heskett. 1992. Corporate Culture and Performance. New York: The Free Press. Mason, John M. 1979. Financial Management for Commercial Banks. New York: Warren Gorham & Lamont. Mautz, R.K. 1964. Fundamentals of Auditing. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Morris, Felipe, and others. 1990. Latin America s Banking Systems in the 19 8 0s: A CrossCountry Comparison. World Bank Discussion Paper 81. Washington, D.C. Mueller, P. Henry. 1976. Credit Doctrine for the Lending Officer. New York: Citicorp. Mueller, P. Henry. 1988. Perspective on Credit Risk. Philadelphia: Robert Morris Associates. Osius, Margaret E. 1992. "Lending: The Essentials of Credit Risk Analysis." Paper presented at the Bankers' Seminar: Banking and Finance in Transition, Moscow, February 12-14. Paul, Samuel. 1990. "Institutional Development in World Bank Projects." Policy Research Working Paper 392. World Bank, Country Economics Department, Public Sector Management and Private Sector Development Division, Washington, D.C. Polizatto, Vincent. 1990. "Prudential Regulation and Banking Supervision - Building an Institutional Framework for Banks." Development Economics Working Paper Series WPS340, World Bank, Washington, D.C. Porter, Michael E. 1979. "How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy." Harvard Business Review 57 (2). Price Waterhouse. 1989. Banks and FinancialInstitutions. New York, Audit Guidance Series. Rebell, Arthur L., and Dale Gordon. 1984. Financial Futures and Investment Strategy. Homewood, Ill.: Dow Jones-Irwin. Sagari, Silvia, and Gabriela Guidotti. 1991. "Venture Capital Operations and their Potential Role in LDC Markets." Policy Research Working Paper 540. World Bank, Country Economics Department, Financial Policy and Systems Division, Washington, D.C.
322
AirrepaTypa
Sawyer, Lawrence B. 1981. The Practice of Modern Internal Auditing. Altamonte Springs, Fla.: Institute of Internal Auditors. Scott, David. 1991a. "Bank Supervision: Suggested Guidelines." SG6. World Bank, Country Economics Department, Financial Policy and Systems Division, Washingtqn, D.C. To be published in World Bank, forthcoming. Bank Supervision Guidelines. Washington, D.C. . 1991b. "Bank Supervision: Suggested Guidelines." SG11. World Bank, Country Economics Department, Financial Policy and Systems Division, Washington, D.C. To be published in World Bank, forthcoming. Bank Supervision Guidelines. Washington, D.C. Sheng, Andrew. 19 90a. "Bank Restructuring in Transitional Socialist Economies (TSE): From Enterprise Restructuring to Bank Restructuring." EDI Working Paper. World Bank, Washington, D.C. Sheng, Andrew. 1990b. "The Art of Bank Restructuring: Issues and Techniques." EDI Working Paper. World Bank, Washington, D.C. Shirley, Mary, and John Nellis. 1991. Public Enterprise Reform: The Lessons of Experience. EDI Development Studies. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Steiner, G. 1979. Strategic Planning: What Every Manager Must Know. New York: Free Press. Stigum, Marcia L., and Rene 0. Branch, 1983. Managing Bank Assets and Liabilities: Strategies for Risk Control and Profit. Homewood, Ill.: Dow Jones-Irwin. U.S. Department of the Treasury. 1979. Comptroller's Handbook for National Bank Examiners. New York: Prentice-Hall. U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. 1988. Bank Failure: An Evaluation of the Factors Contributing to the Failure of National Banks. Washington D.C. Von Pischke, J.D. 1991. Finance at the Frontier: Debt Capacity and the Role of Credit in the Private Economy. EDI Development Studies. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Walter, Ingo. 1988. Global Competition in Financial Services. New York: Ballinger. Published for the American Enterprise Institute. Whyte, Ian, and John Plenderleith. 1990. Management in Banking. London: The Chartered Institute of Bankers. World Bank. 1992, forthcoming. Bank Supervision: Guidelines. SGI. Country Economics Department, Financial Policy and Systems Division, Washington, D.C.
323