Chhattisgarh Indicators at a Glance
CHHATTISGARH
ALL INDIA
POPULATION 1991
2001
2011
2011
Total population (million)
17
21
26
1211
Urban share (%)
19
20
23
31
Share of adults (% age 15+)
63
65
68
70
Child sex ratio (age 0-6)
984
975
969
919
1994
2005
2012
2012
POVERTY & INEQUALITY Poor (million) Poverty rate (%)
Gini coefficient
9
11
10
270
All
51
51
40
22
Rural
56
55
45
25
Urban
28
28
24
14
0.22
0.30
0.31
0.32
1994
2005
2012
2012
16,966
21,174
31,993
42,647
Agriculture
31
21
19
14
Industry
39
44
44
28
Services
29
34
37
57
All
INCOME & GROWTH Real GSDP per capita (2005 rupees) By sector (%)
Annual growth rate of real GSDP per capita (%)
1994 to 2005
2005 to 2012
2005 to 2012
2.0
6.1
6.7
JOBS Labor force participation rate (%)
Workers by sector (%)
Workers by wage-type (%)
1994
2005
2012
2012
All
76
74
69
56
Male
88
85
82
80
Female
64
63
55
31
Agriculture
82
77
73
49
Industry
7
10
13
24
Services
11
13
14
27
Self-Employed
59
52
54
52
7
8
10
18
34
40
36
30
Salaried Casual Wage
1
May 20, 2016
Chhattisgarh Indicators at a Glance
CHHATTISGARH
ALL INDIA
HEALTH 2001
2006
2013
2013
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)
407
335
221
167
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
76
61
46
40
Stunting (% age 0-5)
—
53*
43~
39~
1994
2005
2012
2012
Literate (% adults)
42
58
71
70
Secondary education and above (% adults)
13
16
24
32
INFRASTRUCTURE & AMENITIES Power
1994
2005
2012
2012
All
44
67
87
80
Rural
37
62
85
73
Urban
80
93
92
96
2008
2012
2012
All
25
27
56
Rural
18
17
46
Urban
52
62
77
All
73
68
44
Rural
82
80
60
Urban
32
25
9
Connectivity
2005
2012
2012
Road density - km. per million people
3,210
2,915
3,231
Road density - km. per 1,000 sq. km.
535
560
1,206
2012
2013
2014
2014
Debt to GSDP ratio (%)
23
27
26
51
Fiscal Deficit (% of GSDP)
0.6
1.6
2.7
4.4
Real GSDP growth rate (%)
5.7
8.8
5.0
6.9
EDUCATION
Electrification (% households)
Water and sanitation Drinking water on premises (% households)
Open defecation (% households)
RECENT GROWTH AND FISCAL PERFORMANCE
* NFHS III, ~ RSOC
2
May 20, 2016
Chhattisgarh
Poverty, Growth & Inequality Chhattisgarh is India’s 18th most populous state and home to 26 million people, 10 million of who are poor. The state has the highest poverty rate in the country. After a decade of status quo poverty started declining in the state post 2005. The pace of poverty reduction however has been slower than in other Low Income States. The state has lagged behind in growth as well. Uneven performance by industry puts growth at risk. In addition, consumption inequality has increased, particularly in urban areas. Chhattisgarh has the highest poverty rate in the country Population below poverty line, 2012 (%) 50
40
40 37
37
35
34
33
32
32 29
30
22
22
21
20
20
19
17
17
15
15 12
10
12
11
11
11
10
9
9
8
8
8 5
0 CG JH MN AR BH OD AS MP UP AI MZ KA WB NL MH GJ TR RJ MG TN UK HR JK DL AP SK
PJ
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
There is high poverty in the eastern and southern districts of Chhattisgarh District level poverty, 2012
Patna ★ Raipur
Population below the poverty line, 2012Raipur (%)
N
1
May 20, 2016
N
21-33 0.6-5.2 33-36 5.3-13.2 0.6-5.2 36-43 13.3-17.2 5.3-13.2 13.3-17.2 43-47 17.3-22.6 17.3-22.6 47-71 22.7-62.8 22.7-62.8
KL HP GA
Chhattisgarh
Poverty, Growth & Inequality Chhattisgarh has lagged the rest of India in the pace of poverty reduction Population below poverty line, (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 MN JH BH OD AR AS CG KA MH UP AI TN AP MP WB RJ
● 1994
● 2005
GJ MG HR HP UK TR SK KL JK
● 2012
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
After a decade of no change, poverty declined in Chhattisgarh after 2005 Population below poverty line, (%) 50 Rural Total 40
56
55
51
51
45
40
30 Urban
28
28 24
20
10
0 1994
2
May 20, 2016
2005
2012
PJ
GA NL DL MZ
Chhattisgarh
Poverty, Growth & Inequality 0
10
20
30
Annual decline in poverty rate, 2005 - 2012 (%)
-1
40
50
60
70
80
High poverty, declining slowly
AS
Growth in Chhattisgarh is -3 lower than the national average, but higher than in some Low Income States JH
Annual growth 2005- 2012 - 2012 Annual growthrate, rate, 2005 (%) (%)
11
CG
-5
9 8 7 6
WB
-9
All India
GJ HR
-11 KL PJ RJ
BH -13
Data for 19 large states and All India. Low Income States are highlighted in orange.
Low poverty, UP declining fast
GJ
AP MH RJ
MH
KL HP
TN
HR
Interpreting the graph
KA
OD CGHP MP
-17 Lagging
4
BH
Leading OD TN
-15
5
MP
KA
-7
Improving
10
UP
UK
UK
Improvement from 2005 to 2012
12
PJ
WB AP
JH AS
Weakening
3 2
0
Leading High income, high growth
Lagging Low income, low growth
Weakening High income, low growth
Standard of living, 2005
5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000
per capita, (2005 RealReal GSDPGSDP per capita, (2005 Rupees)
Improving Low income, high growth
Rupees) All India
Growth in Chhattisgarh is volatile due to uneven performance of industry Annual growth rate, (%)
Components of GSDP growth rate, (%) 20 20
20 20
4.0
15 15
15 15 13.5
10 10
10 10
5
5
5
5
3.3
0 20052006 20062007 20072008 20082009 20092010 2010201120112012 2012 2005
■ Chhattisgarh GSDP
■ All India GDP
0
0
3.4
2.2 2.7
0
5.7
3.9 9.0
-1.4
-1.7
1.0
-2.0
6.5 3.3
1.9 -2.0
1.1 3.8
1.5 -1.3
1.0 4.2 0.6
-5 -5 2005 2006 2006 2007 20072008 20082009 20092010 2010 20112011 2012 2012 2005
■ Services
3
May 20, 2016
■ Industry
■ Agriculture
Chhattisgarh
Poverty, Growth & Inequality Poverty reduction in Chhattisgarh is slower than in most other Low Income States Poverty rate, 2005
Annual decline in poverty rate, 2012 Annual decline in poverty rate,2005 2005 --2012 (%)(%)
0
10
20
30
-1
40
50
60
70
80
High poverty, declining slowly
AS
-3
JH CG UP
-5
MP
KA
-7
WB
-9
BH
All India
OD
Data for 19 large states and All India. Low Income States are highlighted in orange.
GJ HR
-11
RJ KL PJ
-13
TN
HP
-15
Low poverty, declining fast
MH
UK AP
-17
Chhattisgarh is among the Low Income States where a disproportionate share of India’s poor live bubble size: number of poor (millions)
UP
20
Data for 19 large states and All India. Low Income States are highlighted in yellow.
BH
15
What % of India’s poor lives in this state?
Stateshare share in poor, 20122012 (%) (%) State in India’s India’s poor,
25
MP
10
MH
JH
5
OD
HP
0
WB
RJ
CG GJ
AS
0
KA
HR KL UK PJ
5
TN
AP
10
15
20
State sharein inIndia’s India’s population, 20122012 (%) (%) State share population,
4
May 20, 2016
25
Interpreting the graph Share of poor > share of population
e ar Sh
or po of
e ar sh
of
n io at ul p po
=
Share of poor < share of population
What % of India’s population lives in this state?
Chhattisgarh
Poverty, Growth & Inequality Consumption inequality has increased in Chhattisgarh, more significantly in urban areas Gini coefficient
0.40
0.4
0.37
0.30
0.3
0.31 0.26
0.22
0.25
0.27
0.20
0.2
0.1
0.0 Total
Rural
■ 1994
■ 2005
Urban
■ 2012
Consumption inequality in Chhattisgarh is lower than the national average Gini coefficient, 2012 0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1 KL DL KA MH AR TN AI HR WB MP CG UP
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
5
May 20, 2016
PJ
HP GA UK AP GJ MZ OD JK JH RJ AS TR NL BH SK MG MN
Chhattisgarh Jobs
A majority of Chhattisgarh’s people are in farming. The share of non-farm employment in the state is the lowest in the country. Half the workforce is self-employed and of the remaining, very few have salaried jobs. Job growth in the state has been better than in most advanced states after 2005. Despite this, the number of jobs created has not been sufficient, particularly for women. There was a significant drop in female labor force participation in rural areas after 2005. By contrast, participation amongst urban women has increased.
Majority of Chhattisgarh’s workforce continues to be employed on the farm Employment share by sector, (%) 100
18
80
23
82
27
77
73
60
■ Non-farm ■ Farm
40
20
0 1994
2005
2012
Non-farm employment share in Chhattisgarh is the lowest in the country Non-farm employment share, 2012 (%) 100
80
100
96
74
73 65
60
64
61
61
58
57 51
51
40
51
51
50
50
50
48
47
45
44
44
43
42
41
40
38
38 32
27
20
0 DL GA KL TR TN PJ MN WB JK HR GJ UK AI MH JH KA RJ UP AP MZ OD AS MG HP MP NL SK BH AR CG
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
1
May 20, 2016
Chhattisgarh Jobs
Job growth was higher in Chhattisgarh than in most advanced states after 2005 Number of jobs added, 2005-2012 (mn)
Annual job growth, 2005-2012 (%)
WB UP RJ MH CG BH OD AP DL MP GJ TN
WB
1.8
UP
0.8
RJ
1.1
MH
0.5
CG
1.6
BH
0.5
OD
0.7
AP
0.3
DL
2.2
MP
0.4
GJ
0.3
TN
0.2
PJ
PJ
0.5
TR HP SK MG GA MZ MN AR AS KL JH HR NL UK KA
TR
4.4
-1
0
1
2
3
4
HP
1.3
SK
3.9
MG
0.7
GA
1.3
MZ
1.1
MN
0.1
AR
-0.1
AS
0.0
KL
-0.1
JH
-0.2
HR
-0.3
NL
-3.6
UK
-1.0
KA
-0.5
5
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Faster job growth in construction and services in Chhattisgarh after 2005 Number of jobs, (mn)
Annual job growth, 2005-2012 (%)
FARM
FARM
1
CONS
CONS
8
THR
THR
2
MANU
1
PUB
5
TRAN
0
FIRB
9
MINE+UTIL
12
MANU PUB TRAN FIRB MINE+UTIL
0
2
2
4
■ 2005 May 20, 2016
6
■ 2012
8
10
Chhattisgarh Jobs
Half of Chhattisgarh’s workforce continues to be self-employed, the rest earn mostly casual wages Employment by wage type, (%) 100
40
36
80
Wage Labor
60
10
8
54
52
40 Self Employed
20
0 2005
■ Casual Wage
2012
■ Salaried
■ Self Employed
The share of workers with salaried jobs in Chhattisgarh is among the lowest in the country Salaried jobs share, 2012 (%) 70 63
60
60
50 40 30
28
27
26
25
24
24
23
22
22
22
20 10
21
19
18
18
18
18
17
17
14
14
13
13
11
11
11
10
10 6
0 DL GA PJ MH TN GJ NL HR KA KL MZ SK JK AR HP AP AI UK WB MG MN AS RJ TR MP UP OD JH CG BH
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
3
May 20, 2016
Chhattisgarh Jobs
Not enough jobs in Chhattisgarh for the size of the working age population not in school, especially for females Million 20
Annual growth, 2005-2012 (%)
20
â&#x2013; 2005 15
â&#x2013; 2012 Working age population not in school
15 +2.3
+1.2 10
1.6
All Workers
10
+1.0 5
2.3
2.1
Male Workers +0.2
5
0.8
Female Workers 0
0 Working age population not in school
All Workers
Male Workers
Female Workers
0.0
0.00.5
0.51.0
1.01.5
1.52.0
Female labor force participation declined from high levels in rural Chhattisgarh after 2005, but increased in urban areas Labor force participation rate, (%) 100
80
90 78
72
88
84
74 71
76
60 61
Rural Male Urban Male Rural Female Urban Female
40 34
20
22
25
0 1993-94
4
May 20, 2016
2004-05
2011-12
2.02.5
2.5
Chhattisgarh Gender
Chhattisgarh has made mixed progress on gender. While the child sex ratio in the state is higher than in most other states, it is declining. Maternal health is poor, but has seen improvement. Adult women have fewer years of schooling than adult men. Although the stateâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s female labor force participation rate is among the highest in the country, there has been a sharp decline in rural areas after 2005. On a positive note, gender gaps in elementary schools are closing and female labor force participation is increasing in urban areas.
Chhattisgarhâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s child sex ratio is higher than in most states Child sex ratio, 2011 (age 0-6) females per 1,000 males 1,000 972 970 970 969
964 962
957 957 956
950
948 948
943 943 942 941 939 936 935 919 918
900
909
902
894 890 890 888 871
862 846
850
834
800 AR MG MZ CG KL AS SK TR WB KA JH NL TN GA OD AP MN BH AI MP HP UP MH GJ UK RJ DL JK
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Child sex ratio is declining in Chhattisgarh Child sex ratio, (age 0-6) females per 1,000 males 1,000
984
975
969
2001
2011
950
900
850
800 1991
1
May 20, 2016
PJ HR
Chhattisgarh Gender
Maternal health is improving in Chhattisgarh Maternal mortality ratio maternal deaths per 100,000 live births 400
379
300
269 221
200
100
0 2003
2009
2013
Maternal mortality ratio in Chhattisgarh is above the national average Maternal mortality ratio, 2013 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births 300
285 285
300
244 208 208
221 221 222
200 167
112 113
100 61
68
79
127 133
141
92
0 KL MH TN AP GJ WB HR KA PJ
AI BH JH MP CG OD RJ UP UK AS
Data for 19 large states and All India. Low income states are highlighted in orange and AI is All India.
2
May 20, 2016
Chhattisgarh Gender
Secondary education attainment among adult females in Chhattisgarh is among the lowest in the country Secondary education attainment among women, 2012 (% adults) 70 60
57 52
50
46
43
40
41
38
38
35
34
34
33
31
30
30
28
28
26
26
26
26 22
20
21
21
20
20
20 16
16
16
15
14
10 0 DL GA NL KL HP MN PJ MH TN HR KA UK MG MZ AR JK AP AI
GJ SK AS UP JH WB MP CG OD RJ BH TR
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
High gender disparity in education attainment of adults in Chhattisgarh, rural women lag behind urban Education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 40
40
31
29
30
Rural Females 29 44
32
13
11
22
20
18 14
16
Urban Females 27
10
19
19
35
0
Males
■ Illiterate
3
Females
■ Literate or primary school completed
May 20, 2016
0
20
■ Middle school completed
40
60
80
100
■ Secondary school or higher completed
Chhattisgarh Gender
Gender gaps in schooling are closing for younger groups in Chhattisgarh Enrolled in education institutes, (%)
2005 15
9
21-23
6
Female
Male
15-17
23
36
13
18-20
Age
13
59
46
100
80
4
85
81
6-8
6
93
87
9-11
18
87
69
12-14
60
40
20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Enrolled in education institutes, (%)
2012 11
21-23
14
3
Female
Male 28
18-20 15-17
Age 100
May 20, 2016
81
93
4 95
98
2 1
99 93
6-8
4
17
77
12-14 9-11
45
93
80
60
40
20
0
20
40
60
80
0 100
Chhattisgarh Gender
Female labor force participation in Chhattisgarh is higher than in most states Female labor force participation rate, 2012 (%) 70 63
60
63 55
55 49
50
47 43
40
41
40
38
38
37
37
36
33
30
33
32
32
31
31
30
27
25
25
25
24 19
20
17
15 9
10 0 HP SK CG MG MZ AP RJ NL TN MH AR TR UK MN KA OD JK KL AI MP GJ
PJ
JH WB UP GA HR AS DL BH
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Female labor force participation declined from high levels in rural Chhattisgarh after 2005, but increased in urban areas Labor force participation rate, (%) 100
80
90 78
72
88
84
74 71
76
60 61
Rural Male Urban Male Rural Female Urban Female
40 34
20
22
25
0 1993-94
5
May 20, 2016
2004-05
2011-12
Chhattisgarh Gender
A majority of both men and women in rural Chhattisgarh work on the farm Share of employed, 2012 (%) Rural Males
Rural Females
5 3 2
7
5 6
81
■ Farm - All
90
■ Non-farm Self Employed
■ Non-farm Salaried
■ Non-farm Casual Wage
When urban women work, they have similar types of jobs as urban men in Chhattisgarh Share of employed, 2012 (%) Urban Males
Urban Females
12 24
22
24 29
18 35
■ Farm - All
6
May 20, 2016
■ Non-farm Self Employed
35
■ Non-farm Salaried
■ Non-farm Casual Wage
Chhattisgarh Social Inclusion
There is uneven progress across social groups in Chhattisgarh. Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes in particular have very high poverty levels. In addition, there are wide differences in schooling and access to salaried jobs across social groups. Apart from households that belong to the General category, there is high open defecation and poor access to drinking water for most households in the state.
Higher poverty rate and slower poverty reduction for Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes in Chhattisgarh Population below poverty line, (%) 70
Households by Social Group, 2012 (%) All India Chhattisgarh Scheduled Tribe
9
34
Scheduled Caste
19
16
Other Backward Caste
43
42
General
29
8
Pace of poverty reduction
63
60 48
50
51 -3% per year 47 0% per year
48
40
35 -5% per year
30
26
20 10 -13% per year
10 0 2005
■ Scheduled Tribe
2012
■ Scheduled Caste
■ Other Backward Caste
■ General
Poverty of Scheduled Tribes in Chhattisgarh is among the highest in the country ST population below the poverty line, 2012 (%) 70 60
63 56
54
53
50
51
50
49 43
40
43
40
39
36
30 20 10
33
32
31
26
26
25
23
20
19
15
13
13
9
9
8
0
0 OD BH MH MP CG JH WB AI MN RJ KL GJ AR AS KA TN UP TR AP MZ NL JK UK MG HP HR SK
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
1
6
May 20, 2016
0
PJ GA DL
Chhattisgarh Social Inclusion
Stark contrast in educational attainment across social groups in Chhattisgarh Education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 33
Scheduled Tribe
32
35
Scheduled Caste
29
27
Other Backward Caste
11
General
20
20
20
24
14
56
40
■ Illiterate
17
16
29
19
0
17
60
80
100
■ Literate or primary school completed
■ Middle school completed
■ Secondary school or higher completed
Stark contrast in the types of jobs across social groups in Chhattisgarh Share of employed, 2012 (%) Scheduled Tribe
Scheduled Caste
28 66
6
50
41
9
■ Casual Wage ■ Salaried
Other Backward Caste
General
■ Self-employed
13
42
48
10
2
May 20, 2016
34
53
Chhattisgarh Social Inclusion
Open defecation across most social groups in Chhattisgarh is higher than the national averages Households practicing open defecation, 2012 (%) 100 84
80
73
69
68
59
60
63 48
44
40 24
20
21
0 All
Scheduled Tribe
Scheduled Caste
■ Chhattisgarh
Other Backward Caste
General
■ All India
There is poor access to drinking water in Chhattisgarh, particularly for the Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes Households with drinking water on premises, 2012 (%) 80 65
60
69
58
56 44
40 27
31
27 18
20
14
0 All
Scheduled Tribe
Scheduled Caste
■ Chhattisgarh
3
May 20, 2016
Other Backward Caste
■ All India
General
Chhattisgarh Health and Education
There is mixed progress on health and education in Chhattisgarh. Infant mortality rate is declining, but is still high. Malnutrition and open defecation rates are high, even among the rich. Most adults have only a few years of schooling. While improvements in schooling for the younger generation are a bright spot, better learning outcomes have not followed. Enrollment in public schools remains high.
Infant mortality rate is declining in Chhattisgarh Infant mortality rate Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births 70 62
61
60 50
50
47
46
38
40 30 20 10
■ 2006
0 Total
Rural
■ 2013
Urban
Chhattisgarh’s infant mortality rate is higher than the national average Infant mortality rate, 2013 Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births 60
80
50
60
46
40
40
20
31
30
18
20
10
9
10
21
22
024
24
26
31
32
32
35
35
36
37
37
39
40
41
47
47
50
51
54
54
42
26
Total
Rural
Urban
12
0 GA MN KL NL TN SK MH DL
PJ
TR KA WB AR UK HP MZ GJ
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
1
May 20, 2016
JK JH AP AI HR BH CG MG RJ UP OD AS MP
Chhattisgarh Health and Education
Malnutrition in Chhattisgarh is higher than in most states Stunting in children <5 years, 2014 (%) 50
47
40
30
20
27
19
21
28
28
29
29
33
32
34
34
34
35
35
35
36
37
38
39
41
42
42
43
49
50
43
31
31
PJ
TR JK MN UK HP KA WB AP MH RJ HR OD AI AS MP GJ MG CG JH BH UP
23
10
0 KL GA TN MZ SK AR DL NL
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Malnutrition is high across most income groups in Chhattisgarh Stunting in children <5 years, 2006 (%) 70 57
60
60
59 54
53
49
48
50
49
47 41
40 30
25 21
20 10 0
All
Quintile 1
Quintile 2
■ Chhattisgarh Latest stunting data by wealth class available for 2006.
2
May 20, 2016
Quintile 3
■ All India
Quintile 4
Quintile 5
Chhattisgarh Health and Education
Open defecation in Chhattisgarh is among the highest in the country Households practicing open defecation, 2012 (%) 100
80 68 58
60
40
34
30
20
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
2
4
7
12
16
16
16
17
35
35
39
42
44
61
Households practicing open defecation, 2012(%)
88
80
17
25
28
66
83 75
60
68
72
40 34
20
0 All
Quintile 1
Quintile 2
■ Access and use of latrine
3
May 20, 2016
61
JK AP TN AI KA RJ MP UP BH CG OD JH
Open defecation is high in Chhattisgarh for richer households too
12
74
45
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
32
73
22
NL DL SK MZ MN TR KL MG GA AS AR PJ UK HR HP WB MH GJ
100
68
Quintile 3
Quintile 4
■ Open defecation
Quintile 5
Chhattisgarh Health and Education
Fewer adults in Chhattisgarh have completed secondary school when compared to other states Secondary education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 70 62 58
60 52
50
47 38
40 30 20
18
21
24
24
25
25
25
26
26
27
28
30
32
32
32
32
34
40
39
43
41
43
48
43
34
10 0 TR OD CG BH WB RJ SK MP AS UP JH MZ GJ AR MG AI AP JK UK TN KA PJ MH KL HR HP MN NL GA DL
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
There are gains in schooling for the young in Chhattisgarh Education attainment, (% age 18-30)
Enrollment by age cohort, (%)
50 50 12 13
21-23
+1
40 40 34
25
18-20
+13
30
27
53
15-17 23
23
19
20 20
38
79
+26
Age
30 30
31
77
12-14
94
+17
14
9-11
10 10
6-8
99
90 83
+9
93
+10
80 80
100 100
00 Illiterate Illiterate
Literateoror Middle Literate Middle primaryschool school completed completed primary completed completed
Secondary Secondary andabove above and
â&#x2013; 2005
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May 20, 2016
100 100
â&#x2013; 2012
80 80
60 60
40 40
20 20
00
20 20
40 40
60 60
Chhattisgarh Health and Education
Public school enrollment in Chhattisgarh is higher than the national average Enrollment in public educational institutes, 2012 (%) 100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0% TR BH AR AS OD WB CG JH MZ SK HP MP GJ
■ All education levels
JK UK AI DL KA MG TN RJ MH HR AP UP NL
● Elementary
● Secondary and above
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Enrollment in private schools has slightly increased in Chhattisgarh, mainly for the rich Enrollment in public educational institutes, 2012 (%) 99
100 88
94
95
93
93
98
86
92 84
80 68
60
56
40
20
0 All
Quintile 1
Quintile 2
■ 2005
5
May 20, 2016
Quintile 3
■ 2012
Quintile 4
Quintile 5
PJ MN KL GA
Chhattisgarh Health and Education
Learning outcomes in Chhattisgarh are better than in other Low Income States Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, 2014 (%) 80
75
70
67
60 50 39
40 33
34
42
43
46
47
NL
SK AR UP TR
GJ
44
45
52
52
52
53
54
56
58
67
67
68
60
47
47
47
48
48
RJ
TN KA
AI
BH OD MZ CG WB MH AP MG UK KL MN PJ
34
30 20 10 0 AS MP JH
JK
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Learning outcomes have shown little improvement in Chhattisgarh Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, (%) 100
80
60
40
20
■ Chhattisgarh
■ All India
0 2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
*Data on learning outcomes available for rural areas only.
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May 20, 2016
2012
2013
2014
HR HP
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS Demographics
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Population
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
Urban Share
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
Child Sex Ratio
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• Defined as the number of girls per 1,000 boys in the 0-6 age group.
Adults
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Individuals of age 15 years and above are classified as ‘adults’. • The NSSO conducts employment and unemployment surveys once every 5 years. The most recent survey data is available for the year 2011-12.
Working age population not in school
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Individuals of age 15 years and above that are currently not attending any educational institutes
Poor
Poverty lines based on the ‘Tendulkar’ poverty lines published by the former Planning Commission of India
• Households whose monthly per capita consumption expenditure is below the poverty line are classified as ‘poor’. • Poverty rate is the proportion of population that is counted as poor. • The number of poor is calculated by applying poverty rates, estimated using NSS data, to population estimates. Population for 1994 has been estimated by interpolating the 1991 and 2001 census population to January 1st of 1994. Similarly, population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to January 1st of 2005. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to noncensus years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). • The NSSO conducts consumption expenditure surveys once every 5 years. The most recent survey data is available for the year 2011-12.
• The population census is conducted once every 10 years. The most recent population census data available is for the year 2011.
Poverty Poverty rate
Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
Inequality Gini coefficient
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May 20, 2016
Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• The Gini coefficient measures the extent to which the distribution of consumption expenditure among households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. • Gini coefficient of 0 represents perfect equality, 1 implies perfect inequality. • Gini coefficient is estimated using survey data on monthly per capita consumption expenditure. Expenditure is adjusted for price differences between rural and urban areas within a state using the Tendulkar poverty lines.
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS Welfare distribution
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Consumption expenditure quintiles
Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Survey data on household consumption is used to estimate consumption expenditure quintiles within each state in India. Expenditure is adjusted for price differences between rural and urban areas within a state using the Tendulkar poverty lines.
Wealth Index quintiles
National Family Health Survey, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
• Survey data on asset ownership is used to construct a ‘wealth index’ which forms the basis for estimating wealth quintiles within each state in India.
Real GDP/GSDP growth rate
Central Statistical Office (CSO)
Real GDP/GSDP per capita
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• 2014 All-India estimate of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) corresponds to the 2011-12 base year (new series). All other All-India GDP and state GSDP estimates correspond to 2004-05 base year and 2004-05 prices (old series). • All estimates of GDP/GSDP are as of March 31st of the corresponding financial year. For e.g. the Real GSDP for the financial year 1993-94 is as on 31st March 1994. • Population for the years 1994 to 2011 has been estimated by interpolating census population to March 31st of the corresponding year. For example, population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to March 31st of 2005. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to March 31st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). • Growth rate of GSDP/ GDP across any two consecutive years is the simple growth rate. Growth rate over multiple years is the compounded annual growth rate (CAGR). • Composition of 3 main sectors of the economy (i) Agriculture/Farm - Agriculture, forestry and fishing (ii) Industry - Mining, manufacturing, utilities, construction (iii) Services – Trade, transport, storage, communication, financial services, real estate, professional services • Components of GSDP growth rate represent the contribution of a sector to overall GSDP growth rate. This is estimated by the ratio of increase in value added in a sector to increase in overall value added and multiplying the ratio with the GSDP growth rate.
Income & Growth
Components of GSDP growth rate
Fiscal
2
Debt
Controller General of Accounts (CGA)
Fiscal Deficit
Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
May 20, 2016
• Debt is the government’s outstanding liabilities. • Fiscal deficit is the difference between the total revenue and total expenditure of the government in the financial year. • Both are expressed as a ratio of the nominal GDP/ GSDP (market prices).
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Jobs Labor force participation rate
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Adult individuals are classified as part of the labor force if they are working (i.e. engaged in economic activity) or if they have been seeking work or have been available for work for a minimum of 6 months during the 365 days preceding the date of survey. This is otherwise known as the “usual status” definition of the labor force.
Workers/Employed/Number of jobs
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• Members of the labor force are classified as ‘workers’ if they are working (i.e. engaged in economic activity) for a minimum of 30 days during the 365 days preceding the date of survey. This is otherwise known as the “usual status” definition of the work force. • The number of jobs/workers is arrived at by applying worker participation rates to population estimates. The ‘number of jobs’ estimate corresponds to the ‘number of workers’. • Population for 1994 and 2005 has been estimated by interpolating census population to January 1st of the corresponding year. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). • Job growth over a certain period is the compounded annual growth rate (CAGR). • Classification of workers by sector (i) Agriculture/Farm - Agriculture, forestry and fishing (ii) Industry - Mining, manufacturing, utilities, construction (iii) Services – Trade, transport, storage, communication, financial services, real estate, professional services • Classification of workers by wage-type (i) Self-employed – Own account workers, employers and unpaid family workers (ii) Salaried –workers with regular salary (iii) Casual wage – workers with causal wages • The categories - ‘farm all’, ‘non-farm self’, ‘non-farm salaried’, ‘non-farm casual’ are a combination of the sector of work and the type of wage earned. • A further disaggregated classification of workers by sector FARM – Agriculture/ farming CONS – Construction THR – Trade, hotels and restaurants MANU – Manufacturing PUB - Community, social and personal services TRAN - Transport, storage and communication FIRB - Financing, insurance, real estate and business services MINE+UTIL – Mining & quarrying + Utilities • Classification of workers by wage-type (i) Self-employed – Own account workers, employers and unpaid family workers (ii) Salaried –workers with regular salary (iii) Casual wage – workers with causal wages • The categories - ‘farm all’, ‘non-farm self’, ‘non-farm salaried’, ‘non-farm casual’ are a combination of the sector of work and the type of wage earned.
Job growth Workers by sector/wage-type
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Technical Appendix
INDICATORS
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Education Literacy Education attainment
Enrollment Public educational institutes
Learning: Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, 2014 (%)
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May 20, 2016
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• ‘Literate’ – includes those who have received both formal and informal schooling. • Education levels explained (i) ‘Illiterate’ – individuals who are not literate. (ii) ‘Literate or primary school completed’ – includes individuals who have completed primary school as well as those are literate but have not completed primary school. (iii) ‘Middle completed’ – individuals who have completed middle school. (iv) ‘Secondary and above’ – individuals who have completed secondary schooling or any level higher. Includes individuals who have completed higher secondary, diploma or certificate course or a graduate, postgraduate or higher degree.
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Includes all those currently attending formal primary schooling and above. • Public educational institutes include those that are run by the state/ central governments or by local bodies. This excludes any kind of privately owned and run institutes including private aided institutes.
Annual Status of Education Report (ASER), Trends over time 2006-2014, ASER Centre/ Pratham
• Data available for rural areas only
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Health Maternal mortality ratio
Sample Registration System, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• Maternal mortality ratio is derived as the proportion of maternal deaths per 1,00,000 live births reported. • Data for 3 years is pooled to enhance sample size and yield more reliable estimates. • For states split after the year 2000, i.e. Bihar and Jharkhand; Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand; Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, MMR is estimated jointly.
Infant mortality rate
Sample Registration System, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• Infant mortality rate is the number of infant deaths (children aged 1 year or less) per 1,000 live births.
Malnutrition: Stunting
National Family Health Survey (NFHS), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
• ‘Stunting’ defined as percentage of children below age 5 who are short for their age. • Data for 2006 is from the NFHS and for 2014 is from the RSOC. Though both provide stunting estimates for children below age 5 the numbers for 2006 and 2014 may not be strictly comparable due to differences in survey methodology.
Rapid Survey on Children (RSOC), Ministry of Women and Child Development
Infrastructure & Amenities Electrification
Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• ‘Electrification’ defined as the proportion of households using electricity as primary source of energy for lighting.
Road density
Basic Roads Statistics, Transport Research Wing, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
• Road density has been defined as road length per million people and road length per 1,000 sq. km. • Road length estimates correspond to ‘total road length’ data published in the Basic Roads Statistics report. • Population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to January 1st of 2005. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). • Land area estimates have been taken from the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.
Drinking water on premises
Survey of drinking water, sanitation, hygiene and housing condition conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• The most recent survey data is available for the year 2012.
Open defecation Access to latrine
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May 20, 2016
Technical Appendix
LABEL Data labels
29 STATES AND ALL INDIA
LABEL
SOCIAL GROUP
ST SC OBC General
‘scheduled tribe’ ‘scheduled caste’ ‘other backward class’ ‘others’
(7 ‘low income states’ highlighted)
AI AP AR AS BH CG DL GA GJ HP HR JH JK KA KL MG MH MN MP MZ NL OD PJ RJ SK TN TR UK UP WB
All India Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Delhi Goa Gujarat Himachal Pradesh Haryana Jharkhand Jammu & Kashmir Karnataka Kerala Meghalaya Maharashtra Manipur Madhya Pradesh Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh West Bengal
Adjustments for split states In the year 2000, 3 large states namely, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh were each split to form two states each. Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand were the 3 new states created. The NSSO survey data allows us to separately estimate variables for ‘split’ states, enabling us to construct a consistent and comparable series of variables for the pre-split and post-split period. A consistent and comparable series for population and growth data is not available. Specifically - 1991 population census data for ‘split’ states is not available and GSDP series for ‘split’ states is only available for years after 2000. In order to create a consistent population series, the 1991 population estimates for the parent state have been divided in a way that mirrors the relative shares of the new states’ population in the parent state population in 2001. In order to create a consistent GSDP series, pre-2000 GSDP figures for the parent state have been divided in a way that preserves the relative shares of the new ‘ GSDP in the parent state GSDP for a ten year period after the year 2000. In the year 2014, the state of Telangana was carved out of Andhra Pradesh (AP), with the remaining portion of AP retaining the name of the parent state. Separate estimates for Telangana have not been published in the States Briefs. All state-level estimates for Andhra Pradesh correspond to AP and Telangana combined.
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