Gujarat
Indicators at a Glance GUJARAT
ALL INDIA
POPULATION 1991
2001
2011
2011
Total population (million)
41
51
60
1211
Urban share (%)
34
37
43
31
Share of adults (% age 15+)
66
69
73
70
Child sex ratio (age 0-6)
928
883
890
919
1994
2005
2012
2012
POVERTY & INEQUALITY Poor (million) Poverty rate (%)
Gini coefficient
17
18
10
270
All
38
33
17
22
Rural
43
39
22
25
Urban
28
20
10
14
0.25
0.30
0.29
0.32
1994
2005
2012
2012
21,134
37,403
63,734
42,647
Agriculture
22
16
13
14
Industry
39
40
40
28
Services
39
44
47
57
All
INCOME & GROWTH Real GSDP per capita (2005 rupees) By sector (%)
Annual growth rate of real GSDP per capita (%)
1994 to 2005
2005 to 2012
2005 to 2012
5.3
7.9
6.7
JOBS Labor force participation rate (%)
Workers by sector (%)
Workers by wage-type (%)
1
June 20, 2017
1994
2005
2012
2012
All
67
68
58
56
Male
86
87
83
80
Female
46
48
30
31
Agriculture
60
58
49
49
Industry
19
21
27
24
Services
20
21
25
27
Self-Employed
47
50
51
52
Salaried
16
17
25
18
Casual Wage
37
32
24
30
Gujarat
Indicators at a Glance GUJARAT
ALL INDIA
HEALTH 2001
2006
2013
2013
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)
202
160
112
167
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
60
53
36
40
Stunting (% age 0-5)
—
52*
42~
39~
1994
2005
2012
2012
Literate (% adults)
59
68
73
70
Secondary education and above (% adults)
21
26
32
32
INFRASTRUCTURE & AMENITIES Power
1994
2005
2012
2012
All
75
86
95
80
Rural
68
80
95
73
Urban
90
96
94
96
2008
2012
2012
All
65
70
56
Rural
48
58
46
Urban
89
84
77
All
44
35
44
Rural
67
59
60
Urban
7
6
9
Connectivity
2005
2012
2012
Road density - km. per million people
2,645
2,660
3,231
Road density - km. per 1,000 sq. km.
732
832
1,206
2012
2013
2014
2014
Debt to GSDP ratio (%)
19
20
20
51
Fiscal Deficit (% of GSDP)
1.8
2.5
2.1
4.4
Real GSDP growth rate (%)
6.7
6.1
8.8
6.9
EDUCATION
Electrification (% households)
Water and sanitation Drinking water on premises (% households)
Open defecation (% households)
RECENT GROWTH AND FISCAL PERFORMANCE
* NFHS III, ~ RSOC
2
June 20, 2017
Gujarat
Poverty, Growth & Inequality Gujarat is home to 60 million people, of whom one-sixth are poor. Since 2005, the state has made significant progress in reducing poverty, supported by high growth and low inequality in consumption. Despite being one of India’s fastest growing states, poverty reduction in Gujarat was slower than in other advanced states in the country. As a result, some parts of Gujarat continue to face high levels of poverty.
Poverty in Gujarat is lower than the national average Population below poverty line, 2012 (%) 50
40
40 37
37
35
34
33
32
32 29
30
22
22
21
20
20
19
17
17
15
15 12
12
10
11
11
11
10
9
9
8
8
8 5
0 CG JH MN AR BH OD AS MP UP AI MZ KA WB NL MH GJ TR RJ MG TN UK HR JK DL AP SK
PJ
KL HP GA
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Parts of Gujarat, especially the districts in the east, have high poverty District level poverty, 2012 Patna
Population below the poverty line, 2012 (%)
N
1
June 20, 2017
0.6-5.2 3-6 5.3-13.2 6-12 13.3-17.2 12-20 17.3-22.6 20-33 22.7-62.8 33-73 No data
Gujarat
Poverty, Growth & Inequality Gujarat is similar to many other states in reducing poverty at a faster pace after 2005 Population below poverty line, (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 MN JH BH OD AR AS CG KA MH UP AI TN AP MP WB RJ
● 1994
● 2005
GJ MG HR HP UK TR SK KL JK
● 2012
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Poverty declined sharply in both rural and urban areas of Gujarat after 2005 Population below poverty line, (%) 60
50 Rural 40
43 39
Total 38
30
Urban
33 28
22
20 20 17
10 10
0 1994
2
June 20, 2017
2005
2012
PJ
GA NL DL MZ
Gujarat
Poverty, Growth & Inequality 0
10
20
30
Annual decline in poverty rate, 2005 - 2012 (%)
-1
40
50
60
70
80
High poverty, declining slowly
AS
Gujarat was among the fastest growing states in the country after 2005 -3 JH
Annual growth 2005- 2012 - 2012 Annual growthrate, rate, 2005 (%) (%)
11
CG
-5
9 8 7 6
WB
-9
All India
Data for 19 large states and All India. Low Income States are highlighted in orange.
TN
-11 KL PJ RJ
BH -13
OD CGHP MP
-17 Lagging
4
BH
Leading OD
GJ HR
-15
5
MP
KA
-7
Improving
10
UP
UK
Low poverty, UP declining fast
GJ
AP MH RJ
MH
KL HP
TN
HR
Interpreting the graph
KA
UK
Improvement from 2005 to 2012
12
PJ
WB AP
JH AS
Weakening
3 2
0
Leading High income, high growth
Lagging Low income, low growth
Weakening High income, low growth
Standard of living, 2005
5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000
per capita, (2005 RealReal GSDPGSDP per capita, (2005 Rupees)
Improving Low income, high growth
Rupees) All India
Gujarat’s growth is driven mainly by services and industry Annual growth rate, (%)
Components of GSDP growth rate, (%)
20 20
16 16 5.4
14 14 15 15
12 12 10 10
10 10
5
0
5
0 20052006 20062007 20072008 20082009 20092010 2010201120112012 2012 2005
■ Gujarat GSDP
■ All India GDP
8
8
6
6
4
4
2
2
0
0
5.6
4.8
5.9
6.0 4.8
5.3
8.5 4.1
4.4 3.7
1.4
3.8 1.4
-1.5
2.8
5.3
-0.1
2.6 -1.1
2.6
1.9 0.7
-0.1
-2 -2 -4 -4 2005 2006 20062007 20072008 20082009 20092010 2010 20112011 2012 2012 2005
■ Services
3
June 20, 2017
■ Industry
■ Agriculture
Gujarat
Poverty, Growth & Inequality Poverty reduction in Gujarat was faster than the national average, but lagged other advanced states Poverty rate, 2005
Annual decline in poverty rate, 2012 Annual decline in poverty rate,2005 2005 --2012 (%)(%)
0
10
20
30
-1
40
50
60
70
80
High poverty, declining slowly
AS
-3
JH CG UP
-5
MP
KA
-7
WB
-9
BH
All India
OD
Data for 19 large states and All India. Low Income States are highlighted in orange.
GJ HR
-11
RJ KL PJ
-13
TN
HP
-15
Low poverty, declining fast
MH
UK AP
-17
Gujarat has a smaller share of India’s poor relative to its population bubble size: number of poor (millions)
UP
20
Data for 19 large states and All India. Low Income States are highlighted in yellow.
BH
15
What % of India’s poor lives in this state?
Stateshare share in poor, 20122012 (%) (%) State in India’s India’s poor,
25
MP
10
MH
JH
5
OD
HP
0
WB
RJ
CG GJ
AS
0
KA
HR KL UK PJ
5
TN
AP
10
15
20
State sharein inIndia’s India’s population, 20122012 (%) (%) State share population,
4
June 20, 2017
25
Interpreting the graph Share of poor > share of population
e ar Sh
or po of
e ar sh
of
n io at ul p po
=
Share of poor < share of population
What % of India’s population lives in this state?
Gujarat
Poverty, Growth & Inequality Consumption inequality decreased marginally in Gujarat after 2005 Gini coefficient 0.4
0.30
0.3
0.31
0.29
0.27
0.25
0.25
0.27
0.29
0.22
0.2
0.1
0.0 Total
Rural
■ 1994
■ 2005
Urban
■ 2012
Consumption inequality in Gujarat is lower than the national average Gini coefficient, 2012 0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1 KL DL KA MH AR TN AI HR WB MP CG UP
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
5
June 20, 2017
PJ
HP GA UK AP GJ MZ OD JK JH RJ AS TR NL BH SK MG MN
Gujarat Jobs
People are moving off the farm and into other kinds of work in Gujarat. Gujarat is one of the few states where the share of salaried jobs increased after 2005, led by manufacturing and services. Despite this, overall job growth in the state has been slow. Half the workforce is still on the farm and women have withdrawn from the labor force in large numbers.
Non-farm employment is increasing in Gujarat, but half the workforce is still on the farm Employment share by sector, (%) 100
42
39
51
80
â&#x2013; Non-farm
60 60
â&#x2013; Farm
58 49
40
20
0 1994
2005
2012
The share of non-farm employment in Gujarat is similar to the national average Non-farm employment share, 2012 (%) 100
80
100
96
74
73 65
60
64
61
61
58
57 51
51
40
51
51
50
50
50
48
47
45
44
44
43
42
41
40
38
38 32
27
20
0 DL GA KL TR TN PJ MN WB JK HR GJ UK AI MH JH KA RJ UP AP MZ OD AS MG HP MP NL SK BH AR CG
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
1
June 20, 2017
Gujarat Jobs
Job creation was modest in Gujarat after 2005 Number of jobs added, 2005-2012 (mn)
Annual job growth, 2005-2012 (%)
WB UP RJ MH CG BH OD AP DL MP GJ TN
WB
1.8
UP
0.8
RJ
1.1
MH
0.5
CG
1.6
BH
0.5
OD
0.7
AP
0.3
DL
2.2
MP
0.4
GJ
0.3
TN
0.2
PJ
PJ
0.5
TR HP SK MG GA MZ MN AR AS KL JH HR NL UK KA
TR
4.4
-1
0
1
2
3
4
HP
1.3
SK
3.9
MG
0.7
GA
1.3
MZ
1.1
MN
0.1
AR
-0.1
AS
0.0
KL
-0.1
JH
-0.2
HR
-0.3
NL
-3.6
UK
-1.0
KA
-0.5
5
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Manufacturing and services led job creation in Gujarat after 2005 Number of jobs, (mn)
Annual job growth, 2005-2012 (%)
FARM
FARM
-2
MANU
MANU
4
THR
THR
3
PUB
PUB
1
CONS
CONS
3
TRAN
TRAN
1
FIRB
7
MINE+UTIL
12
FIRB MINE+UTIL
0
2
10
5
■ 2005 June 20, 2017
15
■ 2012
20
Gujarat Jobs
The share of salaried jobs increased in Gujarat after 2005 Employment by wage type, (%) 100
24
32
80
Wage Labor
25 17
60
51
50
40
Self Employed
20
0 2005
■ Casual Wage
2012
■ Salaried
■ Self Employed
The share of workers with salaried jobs in Gujarat is higher than the national average Salaried jobs share, 2012 (%) 70 63
60
60
50 40 30
28
27
26
25
24
24
23
22
22
22
20 10
21
19
18
18
18
18
17
17
14
14
13
13
11
11
11
10
10 6
0 DL GA PJ MH TN GJ NL HR KA KL MZ SK JK AR HP AP AI UK WB MG MN AS RJ TR MP UP OD JH CG BH
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
3
June 20, 2017
Gujarat Jobs
There are not enough jobs in Gujarat for the size of the working age population, especially for females Million
Annual growth, 2005-2012 (%)
50 50
â&#x2013; 2005 40 40
â&#x2013; 2012
Working age population not in school
+5.9
30 30
2.3
0.3
All Workers
+0.6 +2.9
20 20
2.3
Male Workers -2.3
10 10
Female Workers
-4.4
0 0
Working age population not in school
All Workers
Male Workers
Female Workers
-5 -5
-1 -1
-3 -3
1 1
3 3
There was a sharp decline in female labor force participation in Gujarat after 2005, mainly in rural areas Labor force participation rate, (%) 100 89
89
81
82
80
60
58
85
80
62
Rural Male Urban Male Rural Female 38
40
20
22
21
1993-94
2004-05
18
0
4
June 20, 2017
2011-12
Urban Female
5 5
Gujarat Gender
Women in Gujarat record mixed progress. Maternal health, already better than in most other states, is improving. And, today, more of Gujarat’s girls are in school. Nonetheless, the ratio of girls to boys in the state is among the lowest in the country. Secondary school attainment among adult women is close to the national average, but it remains below many other advanced states. While farming dominates employment for both men and women in rural areas, urban men have more salaried jobs than urban women. What’s more, women have withdrawn from the labor force in large numbers after 2005.
Child sex ratio in Gujarat is among the lowest in the country Child sex ratio, 2011 (age 0-6) females per 1,000 males 1,000 972 970 970 969 964 962 957 957 956
950
948 948
943 943 942 941 939 936 935 919 918
900
909
902
894 890 890 888 871
862 846
850
834
800 AR MG MZ CG KL AS SK TR WB KA JH NL TN GA OD AP MN BH AI MP HP UP MH GJ UK RJ DL JK
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
After a decline in the 1990s, the child sex ratio has increased marginally in Gujarat Child sex ratio, (age 0-6) females per 1,000 males 1,000
950
928
900
883
890
850
800 1991
1
June 20, 2017
2001
2011
PJ HR
Gujarat Gender
Maternal health has been improving in Gujarat Maternal mortality ratio maternal deaths per 100,000 live births 200 172 148
150
112
100
50
0 2003
2009
2013
Maternal mortality ratio in Gujarat is below the national average Maternal mortality ratio, 2013 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births 300
285 285
300
244 208 208
221 221 222
200 167
112 113
100 61
68
79
127 133
141
92
0 KL MH TN AP GJ WB HR KA PJ
AI BH JH MP CG OD RJ UP UK AS
Data for 19 large states and All India. Low income states are highlighted in orange and AI is All India.
2
June 20, 2017
Gujarat Gender
Secondary education attainment among adult women in Gujarat is similar to the national average Secondary education attainment among women, 2012 (% adults) 70 60
57 52
50
46
43
40
41
38
38
35
34
34
33
31
30
30
28
28
26
26
26
26 22
20
21
21
20
20
20 16
16
16
15
14
10 0 DL GA NL KL HP MN PJ MH TN HR KA UK MG MZ AR JK AP AI
GJ SK AS UP JH WB MP CG OD RJ BH TR
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
There are more educated adult men than women in Gujarat, rural women lag behind urban Education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 40
37
36
35
Rural Females
30 25
25 20
18
26
25
47
28
11
14
20
Urban Females
14
15
20
10
19
19
42
5 0
Males
■ Illiterate
3
Females
■ Literate or primary school completed
June 20, 2017
0
20
■ Middle school completed
40
60
80
100
■ Secondary school or higher completed
Gujarat Gender
Gender gaps in schooling have narrowed for the young Enrolled in education institutes, (%)
2005 11
21-23
13
2
Female
Male 15
18-20 15-17
8
23
52
Age
39
13
9-11
87
6-8
88
100
80
15
87
72
12-14
7
94
2
90
60
40
20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Enrolled in education institutes, (%)
2012 10
21-23
8
18
Female
Male 23
18-20 15-17
Age 100
June 20, 2017
14
77
88 98
80
3
91
94
6-8
4
12
63
12-14 9-11
35
60
40
20
0
20
40
60
80
95
-3
96
2 100
Gujarat Gender
Labor force participation among women in Gujarat is below many other states in India Female labor force participation rate, 2012 (%) 70 63
60
63 55
55 49
50
47 43
40
41
40
38
38
37
37
36
33
30
33
32
32
31
31
30
27
25
25
25
24 19
20
17
15 9
10 0 HP SK CG MG MZ AP RJ NL TN MH AR TR UK MN KA OD JK KL AI MP GJ
PJ
JH WB UP GA HR AS DL BH
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Sharp decline in female labor force participation in Gujarat after 2005, especially in rural areas Labor force participation rate, (%) 100 89
89
81
82
80
60
58
85
80
62
Rural Male Urban Male Rural Female 38
40
20
22
21
1993-94
2004-05
18
0
5
June 20, 2017
2011-12
Urban Female
Gujarat Gender
Farming is the dominant source of work for both men and women in rural Gujarat Share of employed, 2012 (%) Rural Males
Rural Females
6 6
13
5
4
11 70
■ Farm - All
85
■ Non-farm Self Employed
■ Non-farm Salaried
■ Non-farm Casual Wage
More salaried jobs for urban men in Gujarat, more self-employment for urban women Share of employed, 2012 (%) Urban Males
6
Urban Females
3
10
8
38 38
52
■ Farm - All
6
June 20, 2017
■ Non-farm Self Employed
■ Non-farm Salaried
44
■ Non-farm Casual Wage
Gujarat
Social Inclusion Progress across social groups has been uneven in Gujarat. Scheduled Tribes in particular have a very high incidence of poverty and slower poverty reduction than other social groups in the state. Gujarat’s Scheduled Tribes also stand out for high levels of open defecation and poor access to drinking water. In addition, there are wide differences between social groups in schooling and access to salaried jobs.
Higher poverty rate and slower poverty reduction for the Scheduled Tribes in Gujarat Population below poverty line, (%) 60
Households by Social Group, 2012 (%) All India Gujarat Scheduled Tribe
9
18
Scheduled Caste
19
6
Other Backward Caste
43
39
General
29
37
55
Pace of poverty reduction
50 40
40
40 36 -6% per year
-11% per year
30
18
20
18 -11% per year
12
10
5 -11% per year
0 2005
■ Scheduled Tribe
2012
■ Scheduled Caste
■ Other Backward Caste
■ General
Poverty among the scheduled Tribes in Gujarat is below the national average ST population below the poverty line, 2012 (%) 70 60
63 56
54
53
50
51
50
49 43
40
43
40
39
36
30 20 10
33
32
31
26
26
25
23
20
19
15
13
13
9
9
8
0
0 OD BH MH MP CG JH WB AI MN RJ KL GJ AR AS KA TN UP TR AP MZ NL JK UK MG HP HR SK
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
1
6
June 20, 2017
0
PJ GA DL
Gujarat
Social Inclusion Education levels are the highest for those belonging to the General category in Gujarat, illiteracy is highest among the Scheduled Tribes Education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 44
Scheduled Tribe
29
Scheduled Caste
24
25
14
General 0
30
19
20
■ Illiterate
18
18
31
Other Backward Caste
14
28
17
22
18
48
40
60
80
100
■ Literate or primary school completed
■ Middle school completed
■ Secondary school or higher completed
Striking differences in the types of jobs by social groups in Gujarat Share of employed, 2012 (%) Scheduled Tribe
Scheduled Caste
36
33
35
54 32
10
■ Casual Wage ■ Salaried
Other Backward Caste
General
■ Self-employed
6 30 50 20
2
June 20, 2017
38
55
Gujarat
Social Inclusion Open defecation is higher among the Scheduled Tribes in Gujarat than rest of the country Households practicing open defecation, 2012 (%) 100
80
74
69 59
60
45
44
40
48
39
35
21
20 8
0 All
Scheduled Tribe
■ Gujarat
Scheduled Caste
Other Backward Caste
General
■ All India
Barring the Scheduled Tribes, those living in Gujarat have greater access to drinking water than rest of India Households with drinking water on premises, 2012 (%) 100 87
80
73
70
69 58
56
60
69
44
40 30
27
20
0 All
Scheduled Tribe
■ Gujarat
3
June 20, 2017
Scheduled Caste
Other Backward Caste
■ All India
General
Gujarat
Health and Education 70 60 50 on health and education in Gujarat. While Gujarat’s infant mortality rate There is mixed progress is declining, malnutrition remains high, even among the rich. Moreover, open defecation — again 40 close to the national average — is more prevalent among the poor. As for education, only a third 30 of all adults have completed secondary school. And, while schooling for the younger generation 20 is a bright spot, with a larger share of children now in school, better learning outcomes have not 10 followed. Enrollment in public schools remains high. 0 Total
Rural
Urban
Infant mortality rate is declining in Gujarat Infant mortality rate Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births 70
62
60
53
50
43
37
36
40 30
22
20 10
■ 2006
0 Total
Rural
■ 2013
Urban
Infant mortality rate in Gujarat is below the national average Infant mortality rate, 2013 Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births 60 50
46
40 31
30 18
20 10
9
10
21
22
24
24
31
32
32
35
35
36
26
26
PJ
TR KA WB AR UK HP MZ GJ
37
37
39
40
41
47
47
50
51
54
54
42
12
0 GA MN KL NL TN SK MH DL
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
1
June 20, 2017
JK JH AP AI HR BH CG MG RJ UP OD AS MP
Gujarat
Health and Education Malnutrition in Gujarat is higher than in most other Indian states Stunting in children <5 years, 2014 (%) 50
47
40
30
20
27
19
21
28
28
29
29
32
33
34
34
34
35
35
35
36
37
38
39
41
42
42
43
49
50
43
31
31
PJ
TR JK MN UK HP KA WB AP MH RJ HR OD AI AS MP GJ MG CG JH BH UP
23
10
0 KL GA TN MZ SK AR DL NL
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Malnutrition is high across most income groups in Gujarat Stunting in children <5 years, 2006 (%) 67
70
60
60
63 54
52
55 49
48
50
52 41
40
36
30
25
20 10 0
All
Quintile 1
Quintile 2
■ Gujarat Latest stunting data by wealth class available for 2006.
2
June 20, 2017
Quintile 3
■ All India
Quintile 4
Quintile 5
Gujarat
Health and Education Open defecation in Gujarat is below the national average Households practicing open defecation, 2012 (%) 100
80 68 58
60
40
34
30
20
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
2
4
7
12
16
16
16
17
35
35
39
42
44
61
Households practicing open defecation, 2012(%) 45
59
77
94
80 74
60 55
40
41 35
20
23 6
0 All
Quintile 1
Quintile 2
■ Access and use of latrine
3
June 20, 2017
61
JK AP TN AI KA RJ MP UP BH CG OD JH
Open defecation is higher among low income households than the rich in Gujarat
26
74
45
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
65
73
22
NL DL SK MZ MN TR KL MG GA AS AR PJ UK HR HP WB MH GJ
100
68
Quintile 3
Quintile 4
■ Open defecation
Quintile 5
Gujarat
Health and Education Fewer adults have completed secondary school in Gujarat than in other Indian states Secondary education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 70 62 58
60 52
50
47 38
40 30 20
18
21
24
24
25
25
25
26
26
27
28
30
32
32
32
32
34
39
40
43
41
43
48
43
34
10 0 TR OD CG BH WB RJ SK MP AS UP JH MZ GJ AR MG AI AP JK UK TN KA PJ MH KL HR HP MN NL GA DL
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
There are gains in schooling for the young in Gujarat Education attainment, (% age 18-30)
Enrollment by age cohort, (%)
50 50
36
30 30
19
18-20
30
+11 70
+23
Age
23
+2
47
15-17
26 22
20 20
12 14
21-23
40
40 40
22
19
80
12-14 12
10 10
90
+10
9-11
90
96
+6
6-8
89
95
+6
100 100
80 80
00 Illiterate Illiterate
Literateoror Middle Literate Middle primaryschool school completed completed primary completed completed
Secondary Secondary andabove above and
â&#x2013; 2005
4
June 20, 2017
â&#x2013; 2012
60 60
40 40
20 20
00
20 20
40 40
60 60
80 80
100 100
Gujarat
Health and Education Public school enrollment in Gujarat is close to the national average Enrollment in public educational institutes, 2012 (%) 100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0% TR BH AR AS OD WB CG JH MZ SK HP MP GJ
■ All education levels
JK UK AI DL KA MG TN RJ MH HR AP UP NL
● Elementary
PJ MN KL GA
● Secondary and above
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Little change in public school enrollment in Gujarat, private schools attended mostly by the rich Enrollment in public educational institutes, 2012 (%) 100
80
94
72
94
90
88 73
71
75
57
60
56 41
40
36
20
0 All
Quintile 1
Quintile 2
■ 2005
5
June 20, 2017
Quintile 3
■ 2012
Quintile 4
Quintile 5
Gujarat
Health and Education Learning outcomes in Gujarat are close to the national average Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, 2014 (%) 80
75
70
67
60 50 39
40 33
34
42
43
46
47
NL
SK AR UP TR
GJ
44
45
52
52
52
53
54
56
58
67
67
68
60
47
47
47
48
48
RJ
TN KA
AI
BH OD MZ CG WB MH AP MG UK KL MN PJ
34
30 20 10 0 AS MP JH
JK
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Learning outcomes have stagnated in Gujarat Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, (%) 100
80
60
40
20
■ Gujarat
■ All India
0 2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
*Data on learning outcomes available for rural areas only.
6
June 20, 2017
2012
2013
2014
HR HP
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS Demographics
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Population
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
Urban Share
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
Child Sex Ratio
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• Defined as the number of girls per 1,000 boys in the 0-6 age group.
Adults
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Individuals of age 15 years and above are classified as ‘adults’. • The NSSO conducts employment and unemployment surveys once every 5 years. The most recent survey data is available for the year 2011-12.
Working age population not in school
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Individuals of age 15 years and above that are currently not attending any educational institutes
Poor
Poverty lines based on the ‘Tendulkar’ poverty lines published by the former Planning Commission of India
• Households whose monthly per capita consumption expenditure is below the poverty line are classified as ‘poor’. • Poverty rate is the proportion of population that is counted as poor. • The number of poor is calculated by applying poverty rates, estimated using NSS data, to population estimates. Population for 1994 has been estimated by interpolating the 1991 and 2001 census population to January 1st of 1994. Similarly, population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to January 1st of 2005. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to noncensus years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). • The NSSO conducts consumption expenditure surveys once every 5 years. The most recent survey data is available for the year 2011-12.
• The population census is conducted once every 10 years. The most recent population census data available is for the year 2011.
Poverty Poverty rate
Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
Inequality Gini coefficient
1
May 20, 2016
Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• The Gini coefficient measures the extent to which the distribution of consumption expenditure among households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. • Gini coefficient of 0 represents perfect equality, 1 implies perfect inequality. • Gini coefficient is estimated using survey data on monthly per capita consumption expenditure. Expenditure is adjusted for price differences between rural and urban areas within a state using the Tendulkar poverty lines.
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS Welfare distribution
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Consumption expenditure quintiles
Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Survey data on household consumption is used to estimate consumption expenditure quintiles within each state in India. Expenditure is adjusted for price differences between rural and urban areas within a state using the Tendulkar poverty lines.
Wealth Index quintiles
National Family Health Survey, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
• Survey data on asset ownership is used to construct a ‘wealth index’ which forms the basis for estimating wealth quintiles within each state in India.
Real GDP/GSDP growth rate
Central Statistical Office (CSO)
Real GDP/GSDP per capita
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• 2014 All-India estimate of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) corresponds to the 2011-12 base year (new series). All other All-India GDP and state GSDP estimates correspond to 2004-05 base year and 2004-05 prices (old series). • All estimates of GDP/GSDP are as of March 31st of the corresponding financial year. For e.g. the Real GSDP for the financial year 1993-94 is as on 31st March 1994. • Population for the years 1994 to 2011 has been estimated by interpolating census population to March 31st of the corresponding year. For example, population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to March 31st of 2005. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to March 31st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). • Growth rate of GSDP/ GDP across any two consecutive years is the simple growth rate. Growth rate over multiple years is the compounded annual growth rate (CAGR). • Composition of 3 main sectors of the economy (i) Agriculture/Farm - Agriculture, forestry and fishing (ii) Industry - Mining, manufacturing, utilities, construction (iii) Services – Trade, transport, storage, communication, financial services, real estate, professional services • Components of GSDP growth rate represent the contribution of a sector to overall GSDP growth rate. This is estimated by the ratio of increase in value added in a sector to increase in overall value added and multiplying the ratio with the GSDP growth rate.
Income & Growth
Components of GSDP growth rate
Fiscal
2
Debt
Controller General of Accounts (CGA)
Fiscal Deficit
Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
May 20, 2016
• Debt is the government’s outstanding liabilities. • Fiscal deficit is the difference between the total revenue and total expenditure of the government in the financial year. • Both are expressed as a ratio of the nominal GDP/ GSDP (market prices).
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Jobs Labor force participation rate
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Adult individuals are classified as part of the labor force if they are working (i.e. engaged in economic activity) or if they have been seeking work or have been available for work for a minimum of 6 months during the 365 days preceding the date of survey. This is otherwise known as the “usual status” definition of the labor force.
Workers/Employed/Number of jobs
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• Members of the labor force are classified as ‘workers’ if they are working (i.e. engaged in economic activity) for a minimum of 30 days during the 365 days preceding the date of survey. This is otherwise known as the “usual status” definition of the work force. • The number of jobs/workers is arrived at by applying worker participation rates to population estimates. The ‘number of jobs’ estimate corresponds to the ‘number of workers’. • Population for 1994 and 2005 has been estimated by interpolating census population to January 1st of the corresponding year. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). • Job growth over a certain period is the compounded annual growth rate (CAGR). • Classification of workers by sector (i) Agriculture/Farm - Agriculture, forestry and fishing (ii) Industry - Mining, manufacturing, utilities, construction (iii) Services – Trade, transport, storage, communication, financial services, real estate, professional services • Classification of workers by wage-type (i) Self-employed – Own account workers, employers and unpaid family workers (ii) Salaried –workers with regular salary (iii) Casual wage – workers with causal wages • The categories - ‘farm all’, ‘non-farm self’, ‘non-farm salaried’, ‘non-farm casual’ are a combination of the sector of work and the type of wage earned. • A further disaggregated classification of workers by sector FARM – Agriculture/ farming CONS – Construction THR – Trade, hotels and restaurants MANU – Manufacturing PUB - Community, social and personal services TRAN - Transport, storage and communication FIRB - Financing, insurance, real estate and business services MINE+UTIL – Mining & quarrying + Utilities • Classification of workers by wage-type (i) Self-employed – Own account workers, employers and unpaid family workers (ii) Salaried –workers with regular salary (iii) Casual wage – workers with causal wages • The categories - ‘farm all’, ‘non-farm self’, ‘non-farm salaried’, ‘non-farm casual’ are a combination of the sector of work and the type of wage earned.
Job growth Workers by sector/wage-type
3
May 20, 2016
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Education Literacy Education attainment
Enrollment Public educational institutes
Learning: Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, 2014 (%)
4
May 20, 2016
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• ‘Literate’ – includes those who have received both formal and informal schooling. • Education levels explained (i) ‘Illiterate’ – individuals who are not literate. (ii) ‘Literate or primary school completed’ – includes individuals who have completed primary school as well as those are literate but have not completed primary school. (iii) ‘Middle completed’ – individuals who have completed middle school. (iv) ‘Secondary and above’ – individuals who have completed secondary schooling or any level higher. Includes individuals who have completed higher secondary, diploma or certificate course or a graduate, postgraduate or higher degree.
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Includes all those currently attending formal primary schooling and above. • Public educational institutes include those that are run by the state/ central governments or by local bodies. This excludes any kind of privately owned and run institutes including private aided institutes.
Annual Status of Education Report (ASER), Trends over time 2006-2014, ASER Centre/ Pratham
• Data available for rural areas only
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Health Maternal mortality ratio
Sample Registration System, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• Maternal mortality ratio is derived as the proportion of maternal deaths per 1,00,000 live births reported. • Data for 3 years is pooled to enhance sample size and yield more reliable estimates. • For states split after the year 2000, i.e. Bihar and Jharkhand; Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand; Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, MMR is estimated jointly.
Infant mortality rate
Sample Registration System, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• Infant mortality rate is the number of infant deaths (children aged 1 year or less) per 1,000 live births.
Malnutrition: Stunting
National Family Health Survey (NFHS), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
• ‘Stunting’ defined as percentage of children below age 5 who are short for their age. • Data for 2006 is from the NFHS and for 2014 is from the RSOC. Though both provide stunting estimates for children below age 5 the numbers for 2006 and 2014 may not be strictly comparable due to differences in survey methodology.
Rapid Survey on Children (RSOC), Ministry of Women and Child Development
Infrastructure & Amenities Electrification
Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• ‘Electrification’ defined as the proportion of households using electricity as primary source of energy for lighting.
Road density
Basic Roads Statistics, Transport Research Wing, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
• Road density has been defined as road length per million people and road length per 1,000 sq. km. • Road length estimates correspond to ‘total road length’ data published in the Basic Roads Statistics report. • Population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to January 1st of 2005. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). • Land area estimates have been taken from the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.
Drinking water on premises
Survey of drinking water, sanitation, hygiene and housing condition conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• The most recent survey data is available for the year 2012.
Open defecation Access to latrine
5
May 20, 2016
Technical Appendix
LABEL Data labels
29 STATES AND ALL INDIA
LABEL
SOCIAL GROUP
ST SC OBC General
‘scheduled tribe’ ‘scheduled caste’ ‘other backward class’ ‘others’
(7 ‘low income states’ highlighted)
AI AP AR AS BH CG DL GA GJ HP HR JH JK KA KL MG MH MN MP MZ NL OD PJ RJ SK TN TR UK UP WB
All India Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Delhi Goa Gujarat Himachal Pradesh Haryana Jharkhand Jammu & Kashmir Karnataka Kerala Meghalaya Maharashtra Manipur Madhya Pradesh Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh West Bengal
Adjustments for split states In the year 2000, 3 large states namely, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh were each split to form two states each. Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand were the 3 new states created. The NSSO survey data allows us to separately estimate variables for ‘split’ states, enabling us to construct a consistent and comparable series of variables for the pre-split and post-split period. A consistent and comparable series for population and growth data is not available. Specifically - 1991 population census data for ‘split’ states is not available and GSDP series for ‘split’ states is only available for years after 2000. In order to create a consistent population series, the 1991 population estimates for the parent state have been divided in a way that mirrors the relative shares of the new states’ population in the parent state population in 2001. In order to create a consistent GSDP series, pre-2000 GSDP figures for the parent state have been divided in a way that preserves the relative shares of the new ‘ GSDP in the parent state GSDP for a ten year period after the year 2000. In the year 2014, the state of Telangana was carved out of Andhra Pradesh (AP), with the remaining portion of AP retaining the name of the parent state. Separate estimates for Telangana have not been published in the States Briefs. All state-level estimates for Andhra Pradesh correspond to AP and Telangana combined.
6
May 20, 2016