Haryana
Indicators at a Glance HARYANA
ALL INDIA
POPULATION 1991
2001
2011
2011
Total population (million)
16
21
25
1211
Urban share (%)
25
29
35
31
Share of adults (% age 15+)
60
67
73
70
Child sex ratio (age 0-6)
879
819
834
919
1994
2005
2012
2012
POVERTY & INEQUALITY Poor (million) Poverty rate (%)
Gini coefficient
6
5
3
270
All
36
24
11
22
Rural
40
25
12
25
Urban
24
22
10
14
0.27
0.33
0.32
0.32
1994
2005
2012
2012
25,853
42,133
68,531
42,647
Agriculture
42
23
17
14
Industry
26
33
29
28
Services
31
44
54
57
All
INCOME & GROWTH Real GSDP per capita (2005 rupees) By sector (%)
Annual growth rate of real GSDP per capita (%)
1994 to 2005
2005 to 2012
2005 to 2012
4.5
7.2
6.7
JOBS Labor force participation rate (%)
Workers by sector (%)
Workers by wage-type (%)
1
June 20, 2017
1994
2005
2012
2012
All
61
61
49
56
Male
81
79
75
80
Female
39
40
19
31
Agriculture
57
52
43
49
Industry
15
22
27
24
Services
28
26
29
27
Self-Employed
62
64
56
52
Salaried
17
20
24
18
Casual Wage
21
16
20
30
Haryana
Indicators at a Glance HARYANA
ALL INDIA
HEALTH 2001
2006
2013
2013
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)
176
186
127
167
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
65
57
41
40
Stunting (% age 0-5)
—
46*
37~
39~
1994
2005
2012
2012
Literate (% adults)
53
65
75
70
Secondary education and above (% adults)
22
31
43
32
INFRASTRUCTURE & AMENITIES Power
1994
2005
2012
2012
All
79
91
96
80
Rural
75
90
95
73
Urban
90
95
99
96
2008
2012
2012
All
68
77
56
Rural
61
72
46
Urban
85
87
77
All
34
17
44
Rural
45
26
60
Urban
8
1
9
Connectivity
2005
2012
2012
Road density - km. per million people
1,264
1,657
3,231
Road density - km. per 1,000 sq. km.
648
964
1,206
2012
2013
2014
2014
Debt to GSDP ratio (%)
23
23
22
51
Fiscal Deficit (% of GSDP)
2.3
3.0
3.0
4.4
Real GSDP growth rate (%)
8.0
5.5
7.0
6.9
EDUCATION
Electrification (% households)
Water and sanitation Drinking water on premises (% households)
Open defecation (% households)
RECENT GROWTH AND FISCAL PERFORMANCE
* NFHS III, ~ RSOC
2
June 20, 2017
Haryana
Poverty, Growth & Inequality Haryana, home to 25 million people, is one of India’s richest states. Since 1994, the state has seen a steady decline in poverty, especially in rural areas. As a result, Haryana records lower levels of poverty than most other states, with the exception of some pockets in its northern and western regions. Growth, which is close to the national average, is supported mainly by services. While consumption inequality has increased in both rural and urban areas after 1994, it has fallen of late in rural areas.
Poverty in Haryana is lower than in most states Population below poverty line, 2012 (%) 50
40
40 37
37
35
34
33
32
32 29
30
22
22
21
20
20
19
17
17
15
15 12
12
10
11
11
11
10
9
9
8
8
8 5
0 CG JH MN AR BH OD AS MP UP AI MZ KA WB NL MH GJ TR RJ MG TN UK HR JK DL AP SK
PJ
KL HP GA
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
There is more poverty in the northern and western districts of Haryana District level poverty, 2012 Patna
Population below the poverty line, 2012 (%)
N
1
June 20, 2017
0.6-5.2 0-3 5.3-13.2 3-8 13.3-17.2 8-11 17.3-22.6 11-18 22.7-62.8 18-27 No data
Haryana
Poverty, Growth & Inequality Unlike in most Indian states where poverty reduction was faster after 2005, Haryana has seen a steady decline in poverty since 1994 Population below poverty line, (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 MN JH BH OD AR AS CG KA MH UP AI TN AP MP WB RJ
● 1994
● 2005
GJ MG HR HP UK TR SK KL JK
PJ
GA NL DL MZ
● 2012
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Steady poverty reduction in rural Haryana since 1994, more progress in urban areas after 2005 Population below poverty line, (%) 50
40
Rural Total
40
36
30
25 24
Urban 20
24
22 12 11
10 10
0 1994
2
June 20, 2017
2005
2012
Haryana
Poverty, Growth & Inequality 0
10
20
30
Annual decline in poverty rate, 2005 - 2012 (%)
-1
40
50
60
70
80
High poverty, declining slowly
AS
Growth in Haryana has been close to the nationalJHaverage since 2005 -3
Annual growth 2005- 2012 - 2012 Annual growthrate, rate, 2005 (%) (%)
11
CG
-5
9 8 7 6
WB
-9
BH
All India
Leading OD
GJ
Data for 19 large states and All India. Low Income States are highlighted in orange.
TN
HR
-11 KL PJ RJ
BH -13
OD CGHP MP
-15
5
Low poverty, UP declining fast
-17 Lagging
4
MP
KA
-7
Improving
10
UP
UK
GJ
AP MH RJ
MH
KL HP
TN
HR
Interpreting the graph
KA
UK
Improvement from 2005 to 2012
12
PJ
WB AP
JH AS
Weakening
3 2
0
Leading High income, high growth
Lagging Low income, low growth
Weakening High income, low growth
Standard of living, 2005
5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000
per capita, (2005 RealReal GSDPGSDP per capita, (2005 Rupees)
Improving Low income, high growth
Rupees) All India
Services are the main driver of growth in Haryana Annual growth rate, (%)
Components of GSDP growth rate, (%)
20 20
14 14 12 12
15 15
10 10 10 10
5
0
5
0
-5 -5 20052006 20062007 20072008 20082009 20092010 2010201120112012 2012 2005
8
8
6
6
4
4
2
2
0
0
8.6
5.3 2.6
6.8 6.3
6.3
4.8
5.3
3.0
2.8 -0.6
5.6
2.9
-0.4
2.1
1.1
3.4
1.4
0.0
1.7
1.4
0.9
1.3
-0.3
-2 -2
■ Haryana GSDP
■ All India GDP 2005 2006 20062007 20072008 20082009 20092010 2010 20112011 2012 2012 2005
■ Services
3
June 20, 2017
■ Industry
■ Agriculture
Haryana
Poverty, Growth & Inequality Poverty reduction in Haryana has been faster than in many other states Poverty rate, 2005
Annual decline in poverty rate, 2012 Annual decline in poverty rate,2005 2005 --2012 (%)(%)
0
10
20
30
-1
40
50
60
70
80
High poverty, declining slowly
AS
-3
JH CG UP
-5
MP
KA
-7
WB
-9
BH
All India
OD
Data for 19 large states and All India. Low Income States are highlighted in orange.
GJ HR
-11
RJ KL PJ
-13
TN
HP
-15
Low poverty, declining fast
MH
UK AP
-17
Haryana has a smaller share of India’s poor relative to its population bubble size: number of poor (millions)
UP
20
Data for 19 large states and All India. Low Income States are highlighted in yellow.
BH
15
What % of India’s poor lives in this state?
Stateshare share in poor, 20122012 (%) (%) State in India’s India’s poor,
25
MP
10
MH
JH
5
OD
HP
0
WB
RJ
CG GJ
AS
0
KA
HR KL UK PJ
5
TN
AP
10
15
20
State sharein inIndia’s India’s population, 20122012 (%) (%) State share population,
4
June 20, 2017
25
Interpreting the graph Share of poor > share of population
e ar Sh
or po of
e ar sh
of
n io at ul p po
=
Share of poor < share of population
What % of India’s population lives in this state?
Haryana
Poverty, Growth & Inequality While consumption inequality has risen steadily in urban Haryana, it has been declining in rural areas since 2005 Gini coefficient 0.39
0.4 0.33
0.3
0.34
0.33
0.32
0.27
0.27
0.25
0.27
0.2
0.1
0.0 Total
Rural
■ 1994
■ 2005
Urban
■ 2012
Consumption inequality in Haryana is close to the national average Gini coefficient, 2012 0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1 KL DL KA MH AR TN AI HR WB MP CG UP
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
5
June 20, 2017
PJ
HP GA UK AP GJ MZ OD JK JH RJ AS TR NL BH SK MG MN
Haryana Jobs
Haryana’s people are increasingly employed in the non-farm sectors of the economy. After 2005, most new jobs in Haryana were created in construction and services. While this has led to rising wage employment in the state, the pace of job creation has been slow. Two-fifths of the workforce is still on the farm. There are very few new jobs for women, many of who have withdrawn from the labor force in large numbers.
People in Haryana are increasingly moving off the farm Employment share by sector, (%) 100
43
48
57
80
■ Non-farm
60 56
■ Farm
52
40
43
20
0 1994
2005
2012
Non-farm employment share in Haryana is higher than the national average Non-farm employment share, 2012 (%) 100
80
100
96
74
73 65
60
64
61
61
58
57 51
51
40
51
51
50
50
50
48
47
45
44
44
43
42
41
40
38
38 32
27
20
0 DL GA KL TR TN PJ MN WB JK HR GJ UK AI MH JH KA RJ UP AP MZ OD AS MG HP MP NL SK BH AR CG
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
1
June 20, 2017
Haryana Jobs
Job growth in Haryana was negative after 2005 Number of jobs added, 2005-2012 (mn)
Annual job growth, 2005-2012 (%)
WB UP RJ MH CG BH OD AP DL MP GJ TN
WB
1.8
UP
0.8
RJ
1.1
MH
0.5
CG
1.6
BH
0.5
OD
0.7
AP
0.3
DL
2.2
MP
0.4
GJ
0.3
TN
0.2
PJ
PJ
0.5
TR HP SK MG GA MZ MN AR AS KL JH HR NL UK KA
TR
4.4
-1
0
1
2
3
4
HP
1.3
SK
3.9
MG
0.7
GA
1.3
MZ
1.1
MN
0.1
AR
-0.1
AS
0.0
KL
-0.1
JH
-0.2
HR
-0.3
NL
-3.6
UK
-1.0
KA
-0.5
5
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Construction and services created new jobs in Haryana after 2005 Number of jobs, (mn)
Annual job growth, 2005-2012 (%)
FARM
FARM
-3
MANU
MANU
0
THR
THR
-2
PUB
PUB
3
CONS
CONS
7
TRAN
TRAN
3
FIRB
7
MINE+UTIL
-2
FIRB MINE+UTIL
0
2
1
2
■ 2005 June 20, 2017
3
■ 2012
4
5
Haryana Jobs
Wage labor, both casual and salaried, increased in Haryana after 2005 Employment by wage type, (%) 100
16
80
20
60
64
20 Wage Labor
24
56
40 Self Employed
20
0 2005
■ Casual Wage
2012
■ Salaried
■ Self Employed
One-fourth of the workers in Haryana have salaried jobs, which is higher than the national average Salaried jobs share, 2012 (%) 70 63
60
60
50 40 30
28
27
26
25
24
24
23
22
22
22
20 10
21
19
18
18
18
18
17
17
14
14
13
13
11
11
11
10
10 6
0 DL GA PJ MH TN GJ NL HR KA KL MZ SK JK AR HP AP AI UK WB MG MN AS RJ TR MP UP OD JH CG BH
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
3
June 20, 2017
Haryana Jobs
Since 2005, most new jobs in Haryana are for men Million
Annual growth, 2005-2012 (%)
20 20
â&#x2013; 2005 15 15
â&#x2013; 2012
Working age population not in school
2.3
+2.3 -0.3
All Workers -0.2
10 10
2.2
Male Workers
+1.0 5 5
-1.2
Female Workers
-7.2
0 0
Working age population not in school
All Workers
Male Workers
Female Workers
-8 -8
-6 -6
-4 -4
-2 -2
0 0
Sharp decline in female labor force participation in Haryana after 2005 Labor force participation rate, (%) 100 83
80 80
80 77
76 73
60 44
Urban Male
48
Rural Female Urban Female
40 22
20
24
20 14
0 1993-94
4
June 20, 2017
Rural Male
2004-05
2011-12
2 2
4 4
Haryana Gender
Women in Haryana record mixed progress. On a positive note, maternal mortality is low and improving. Although fewer adult women have secondary education compared to adult men, the young are seeing a narrower gap in schooling. On the other hand, the state has the worst child sex ratio in the country. And, female labor force participation has declined dramatically, especially after 2005. As a result, few women work in Haryana today. When urban women work, they tend to have salaried jobs, while rural women work mostly on the farm.
Haryana has the lowest child sex ratio in the country Child sex ratio, 2011 (age 0-6) females per 1,000 males 1,000 972 970 970 969
964 962
957 957 956
950
948 948
943 943 942 941 939 936 935 919 918
900
909
902
894 890 890 888 871
862 846
850
834
800 AR MG MZ CG KL AS SK TR WB KA JH NL TN GA OD AP MN BH AI MP HP UP MH GJ UK RJ DL JK
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
There is improvement in child sex ratio in Haryana after 2001 Child sex ratio, (age 0-6) females per 1,000 males 1,000 950 900
879
850
819
834
800 750 700 1991
1
June 20, 2017
2001
2011
PJ HR
Haryana Gender
Fewer maternal deaths in Haryana today Maternal mortality ratio maternal deaths per 100,000 live births 200 162
153
150
127
100
50
0 2003
2009
2013
Maternal mortality in Haryana is lower than in many other states Maternal mortality ratio, 2013 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births 300
285 285
300
244 208 208
221 221 222
200 167
112 113
100 61
68
79
127 133
141
92
0 KL MH TN AP GJ WB HR KA PJ
AI BH JH MP CG OD RJ UP UK AS
Data for 19 large states and All India. Low income states are highlighted in orange and AI is All India.
2
June 20, 2017
Haryana Gender
A third of Haryana’s female adults have secondary education, which is higher than the national average Secondary education attainment among women, 2012 (% adults) 70 60
57 52
50
46
43
40
41
38
38
35
34
34
33
31
30
30
28
28
26
26
26
26 22
20
21
21
20
20
20 16
16
16
15
14
10 0 DL GA NL KL HP MN PJ MH TN HR KA UK MG MZ AR JK AP AI
GJ SK AS UP JH WB MP CG OD RJ BH TR
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
There is gender disparity in schooling among adults in Haryana, rural women lag behind urban Education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 60 52
Rural Females
50 40
42
36
19
13
25
34
30
Urban Females 20
16
19 14
17 23
12
14
11
53
10 0
Males
■ Illiterate
3
Females
■ Literate or primary school completed
June 20, 2017
0
20
■ Middle school completed
40
60
80
100
■ Secondary school or higher completed
Haryana Gender
Gender gaps in schooling are closing for the young in Haryana Enrolled in education institutes, (%)
2005 16
11
21-23
5
Female
Male
15-17
14
39
25
18-20
Age
12
69
57
100
80
3
87
84
6-8
8
95
87
9-11
13
92
79
12-14
60
40
20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Enrolled in education institutes, (%)
2012 Female
21-23
15-17
100
June 20, 2017
15
60
92 96
80
6
86
88
6-8
4
Male
8
80
Age 9-11
29
45
18-20
12-14
21
95
3
96
0
93
60
40
20
0
20
40
60
80
5 100
Haryana Gender
Female labor force participation in Haryana is among the lowest in the country Female labor force participation rate, 2012 (%) 70 63
60
63 55
55 49
50
47 43
40
41
40
38
38
37
37
36
33
30
33
32
32
31
31
30
27
25
25
25
24 19
20
17
15 9
10 0 HP SK CG MG MZ AP RJ NL TN MH AR TR UK MN KA OD JK KL AI MP GJ
PJ
JH WB UP GA HR AS DL BH
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Sharp decline in female labor force participation in Haryana after 2005 Labor force participation rate, (%) 100 83
80 80
80 77
76 73
60 44
Urban Male
48
Rural Female Urban Female
40 22
20
24
20 14
0 1993-94
5
June 20, 2017
Rural Male
2004-05
2011-12
Haryana Gender
Farming is the main activity for rural women in Haryana, more non-farm jobs for rural men Share of employed, 2012 (%) Rural Males
Rural Females
3
17
16
6
4
50 86
17
■ Farm - All
■ Non-farm Self Employed
■ Non-farm Salaried
■ Non-farm Casual Wage
When urban women work, they tend to have more salaried jobs than urban men in Haryana Share of employed, 2012 (%) Urban Males
11
Urban Females
5
5
13 17
38 46
■ Farm - All
6
June 20, 2017
66
■ Non-farm Self Employed
■ Non-farm Salaried
■ Non-farm Casual Wage
Haryana Social Inclusion
Despite overall progress in poverty reduction, some social groups in Haryana have been left behind. Scheduled Castes in particular display higher levels of poverty than other groups. Moreover, education and job outcomes for these groups present a stark contrast with others. Open defecation is also higher among the Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes. Compared to this, access to drinking water does not vary as much between households.
Higher poverty among Scheduled Castes in Haryana Population below poverty line, (%) 50
47
Households by Social Group, 2012 (%) 40
All India Haryana Scheduled Tribe
9
1
Scheduled Caste
19
22
Other Backward Caste
43
26
General
29
51
Pace of poverty reduction 28
30
24 -9% per year
20
4% per year
10
9
8
7
13 -10% per year 4 -10% per year
0 2005
■ Scheduled Tribe
2012
■ Scheduled Caste
■ Other Backward Caste
■ General
Poverty among Scheduled Castes in Haryana is close to the national average SC population below poverty line, 2012 (%) 60 50 40
51
47
44
41
40
40
39 33
30
33
29
29
24
20
21
20
19
19
19
19
18
18
16
16
16
10
15
15
13
10 0
0 BH CG MN UP JH MP OD KA GA AI AS HR WB MH DL TN RJ
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
1
16
June 20, 2017
JK
GJ SK KL HP NL
0
PJ UK AR AP TR MG MZ
Haryana Social Inclusion
There is stark variation in schooling by social groups in Haryana Education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 37
Scheduled Tribe
13
22
33
Scheduled Caste
27
29
Other Backward Caste
20
General 0
19
14
20
■ Illiterate
28
15
25
14
38
12
54
40
60
80
100
■ Literate or primary school completed
■ Middle school completed
■ Secondary school or higher completed
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes have more casual wage jobs than others in Haryana Share of employed, 2012 (%) Scheduled Tribe
37
47
Scheduled Caste
29 51 19
16
■ Casual Wage ■ Salaried
Other Backward Caste
General
■ Self-employed
6 22 27 22
2
June 20, 2017
56
68
Haryana Social Inclusion
Open defecation is higher among some groups in Haryana, but lower than the national average Households practicing open defecation, 2012 (%) 100
80 69 59
60 44
48
44
40
20
33 21
18
17
11
0 All
Scheduled Tribe
■ Haryana
Scheduled Caste
Other Backward Caste
General
■ All India
Access to drinking water is higher than the national average for most households in Haryana Households with drinking water on premises, 2012 (%) 100
80
77
78
77
75
69 56
60
58
55 44
40 27
20
0 All
Scheduled Tribe
■ Haryana
3
June 20, 2017
Scheduled Caste
Other Backward Caste
■ All India
General
Haryana
Health and Education 70 60 50
Education is an area 40 in which Haryana has made significant progress. More adults in Haryana have completed secondary school than in many other states. And children’s learning outcomes 30 are among the highest in the country. On health, however, there is mixed progress. On a positive 20 note, Haryana records lower rates of open defecation than many other states. And infant mortality, 10 which is close to the national average, is declining. Nonetheless, malnutrition levels in the state 0 remain high, even among the richer households. Total
Rural
Urban
Infant mortality is declining in Haryana Infant mortality rate Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births 70
62
57
60 50
45
44
41
40
32
30 20 10
■ 2006
0 Total
Rural
■ 2013
Urban
Haryana’s infant mortality rate is close to the national average Infant mortality rate, 2013 Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births 60
50
46
40 31
30
18
20
10
9
10
21
22
24
24
31
32
32
35
35
36
26
26
PJ
TR KA WB AR UK HP MZ GJ
37
37
39
40
41
47
47
50
51
54
54
42
12
0 GA MN KL NL TN SK MH DL
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
1
June 20, 2017
JK JH AP AI HR BH CG MG RJ UP OD AS MP
Haryana
Health and Education Malnutrition in Haryana is similar to the national average Stunting in children <5 years, 2014 (%) 50
47
40
30
20
27
19
21
28
28
29
29
32
33
34
34
34
35
35
35
36
37
38
39
41
42
42
43
49
50
43
31
31
PJ
TR JK MN UK HP KA WB AP MH RJ HR OD AI AS MP GJ MG CG JH BH UP
23
10
0 KL GA TN MZ SK AR DL NL
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Similar levels of malnutrition across income groups in Haryana Stunting in children <5 years, 2006 (%) 70 60
60 50
60
62 54
48
46
52
49
47 41
40 27
30
25
20 10 0
All
Quintile 1
Quintile 2
â&#x2013; Haryana Latest stunting data by wealth class available for 2006.
2
June 20, 2017
Quintile 3
â&#x2013; All India
Quintile 4
Quintile 5
Haryana
Health and Education Open defecation is lower in Haryana than in other states Households practicing open defecation, 2012 (%) 100
80 68 58
60
40
34
30
20
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
2
4
7
12
16
16
16
17
35
35
39
42
44
61
Households practicing open defecation, 2012(%) 80
83
87
93
80
60
40 36
20
20
17
17
13 7
0 All
Quintile 1
Quintile 2
â&#x2013; Access and use of latrine
3
June 20, 2017
61
JK AP TN AI KA RJ MP UP BH CG OD JH
The poor tend to defecate in the open more than the rich in Haryana
64
74
45
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
83
73
22
NL DL SK MZ MN TR KL MG GA AS AR PJ UK HR HP WB MH GJ
100
68
Quintile 3
Quintile 4
â&#x2013; Open defecation
Quintile 5
Haryana
Health and Education More adults in Haryana have completed secondary school than in many other states Secondary education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 70 62 58
60 52
50
47 38
40 30 20
18
21
24
24
25
25
25
26
26
27
28
30
32
32
32
32
34
39
40
43
41
43
48
43
34
10 0 TR OD CG BH WB RJ SK MP AS UP JH MZ GJ AR MG AI AP JK UK TN KA PJ MH KL HR HP MN NL GA DL
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Since 2005, significant progress in secondary schooling and above in Haryana Education attainment, (% age 18-30)
Enrollment by age cohort, (%)
70 70 60
60 60
+12 54
33
18-20
50 50
25
13
21-23
+21
43
40 40
Age
30 30 20 20 10 10
+19
83
64
15-17
18 13
10
94
12-14 86
24 20
96
9-11 91
13
6-8
86
100 100
80 80
91
+8 +5 +5
00 Illiterate Illiterate
Literateoror Middle Literate Middle primaryschool school completed completed primary completed completed
Secondary Secondary andabove above and
â&#x2013; 2005
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June 20, 2017
â&#x2013; 2012
60 60
40 40
20 20
00
20 20
40 40
60 60
80 80
100 100
Haryana
Health and Education Public school enrollment in Haryana is lower than the national average Enrollment in public educational institutes, 2012 (%) 100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0% TR BH AR AS OD WB CG JH MZ SK HP MP GJ
■ All education levels
JK UK AI DL KA MG TN RJ MH HR AP UP NL
● Elementary
● Secondary and above
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Increase in public school enrollment for lower income groups in Haryana after 2005 Enrollment in public educational institutes, 2012 (%) 100
80
74
78 66
60
56 49
60
49 42
40
34
36 28
24
20
0 All
Quintile 1
Quintile 2
■ 2005
5
June 20, 2017
Quintile 3
■ 2012
Quintile 4
Quintile 5
PJ MN KL GA
Haryana
Health and Education Learning outcomes of Haryana’s children among the highest in the country Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, 2014 (%) 80
75
70
67
60 50 39
40 33
34
42
43
46
47
NL
SK AR UP TR
GJ
44
45
52
52
52
53
54
56
58
67
67
68
60
47
47
47
48
48
RJ
TN KA
AI
BH OD MZ CG WB MH AP MG UK KL MN PJ
34
30 20 10 0 AS MP JH
JK
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Learning outcomes have increased in Haryana after 2012 Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, (%) 100
80
60
40
20
■ Haryana
■ All India
0 2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
*Data on learning outcomes available for rural areas only.
6
June 20, 2017
2012
2013
2014
HR HP
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS Demographics
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Population
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
Urban Share
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
Child Sex Ratio
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• Defined as the number of girls per 1,000 boys in the 0-6 age group.
Adults
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Individuals of age 15 years and above are classified as ‘adults’. • The NSSO conducts employment and unemployment surveys once every 5 years. The most recent survey data is available for the year 2011-12.
Working age population not in school
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Individuals of age 15 years and above that are currently not attending any educational institutes
Poor
Poverty lines based on the ‘Tendulkar’ poverty lines published by the former Planning Commission of India
• Households whose monthly per capita consumption expenditure is below the poverty line are classified as ‘poor’. • Poverty rate is the proportion of population that is counted as poor. • The number of poor is calculated by applying poverty rates, estimated using NSS data, to population estimates. Population for 1994 has been estimated by interpolating the 1991 and 2001 census population to January 1st of 1994. Similarly, population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to January 1st of 2005. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to noncensus years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). • The NSSO conducts consumption expenditure surveys once every 5 years. The most recent survey data is available for the year 2011-12.
• The population census is conducted once every 10 years. The most recent population census data available is for the year 2011.
Poverty Poverty rate
Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
Inequality Gini coefficient
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May 20, 2016
Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• The Gini coefficient measures the extent to which the distribution of consumption expenditure among households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. • Gini coefficient of 0 represents perfect equality, 1 implies perfect inequality. • Gini coefficient is estimated using survey data on monthly per capita consumption expenditure. Expenditure is adjusted for price differences between rural and urban areas within a state using the Tendulkar poverty lines.
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS Welfare distribution
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Consumption expenditure quintiles
Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Survey data on household consumption is used to estimate consumption expenditure quintiles within each state in India. Expenditure is adjusted for price differences between rural and urban areas within a state using the Tendulkar poverty lines.
Wealth Index quintiles
National Family Health Survey, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
• Survey data on asset ownership is used to construct a ‘wealth index’ which forms the basis for estimating wealth quintiles within each state in India.
Real GDP/GSDP growth rate
Central Statistical Office (CSO)
Real GDP/GSDP per capita
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• 2014 All-India estimate of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) corresponds to the 2011-12 base year (new series). All other All-India GDP and state GSDP estimates correspond to 2004-05 base year and 2004-05 prices (old series). • All estimates of GDP/GSDP are as of March 31st of the corresponding financial year. For e.g. the Real GSDP for the financial year 1993-94 is as on 31st March 1994. • Population for the years 1994 to 2011 has been estimated by interpolating census population to March 31st of the corresponding year. For example, population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to March 31st of 2005. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to March 31st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). • Growth rate of GSDP/ GDP across any two consecutive years is the simple growth rate. Growth rate over multiple years is the compounded annual growth rate (CAGR). • Composition of 3 main sectors of the economy (i) Agriculture/Farm - Agriculture, forestry and fishing (ii) Industry - Mining, manufacturing, utilities, construction (iii) Services – Trade, transport, storage, communication, financial services, real estate, professional services • Components of GSDP growth rate represent the contribution of a sector to overall GSDP growth rate. This is estimated by the ratio of increase in value added in a sector to increase in overall value added and multiplying the ratio with the GSDP growth rate.
Income & Growth
Components of GSDP growth rate
Fiscal
2
Debt
Controller General of Accounts (CGA)
Fiscal Deficit
Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
May 20, 2016
• Debt is the government’s outstanding liabilities. • Fiscal deficit is the difference between the total revenue and total expenditure of the government in the financial year. • Both are expressed as a ratio of the nominal GDP/ GSDP (market prices).
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Jobs Labor force participation rate
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Adult individuals are classified as part of the labor force if they are working (i.e. engaged in economic activity) or if they have been seeking work or have been available for work for a minimum of 6 months during the 365 days preceding the date of survey. This is otherwise known as the “usual status” definition of the labor force.
Workers/Employed/Number of jobs
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• Members of the labor force are classified as ‘workers’ if they are working (i.e. engaged in economic activity) for a minimum of 30 days during the 365 days preceding the date of survey. This is otherwise known as the “usual status” definition of the work force. • The number of jobs/workers is arrived at by applying worker participation rates to population estimates. The ‘number of jobs’ estimate corresponds to the ‘number of workers’. • Population for 1994 and 2005 has been estimated by interpolating census population to January 1st of the corresponding year. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). • Job growth over a certain period is the compounded annual growth rate (CAGR). • Classification of workers by sector (i) Agriculture/Farm - Agriculture, forestry and fishing (ii) Industry - Mining, manufacturing, utilities, construction (iii) Services – Trade, transport, storage, communication, financial services, real estate, professional services • Classification of workers by wage-type (i) Self-employed – Own account workers, employers and unpaid family workers (ii) Salaried –workers with regular salary (iii) Casual wage – workers with causal wages • The categories - ‘farm all’, ‘non-farm self’, ‘non-farm salaried’, ‘non-farm casual’ are a combination of the sector of work and the type of wage earned. • A further disaggregated classification of workers by sector FARM – Agriculture/ farming CONS – Construction THR – Trade, hotels and restaurants MANU – Manufacturing PUB - Community, social and personal services TRAN - Transport, storage and communication FIRB - Financing, insurance, real estate and business services MINE+UTIL – Mining & quarrying + Utilities • Classification of workers by wage-type (i) Self-employed – Own account workers, employers and unpaid family workers (ii) Salaried –workers with regular salary (iii) Casual wage – workers with causal wages • The categories - ‘farm all’, ‘non-farm self’, ‘non-farm salaried’, ‘non-farm casual’ are a combination of the sector of work and the type of wage earned.
Job growth Workers by sector/wage-type
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Technical Appendix
INDICATORS
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Education Literacy Education attainment
Enrollment Public educational institutes
Learning: Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, 2014 (%)
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May 20, 2016
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• ‘Literate’ – includes those who have received both formal and informal schooling. • Education levels explained (i) ‘Illiterate’ – individuals who are not literate. (ii) ‘Literate or primary school completed’ – includes individuals who have completed primary school as well as those are literate but have not completed primary school. (iii) ‘Middle completed’ – individuals who have completed middle school. (iv) ‘Secondary and above’ – individuals who have completed secondary schooling or any level higher. Includes individuals who have completed higher secondary, diploma or certificate course or a graduate, postgraduate or higher degree.
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Includes all those currently attending formal primary schooling and above. • Public educational institutes include those that are run by the state/ central governments or by local bodies. This excludes any kind of privately owned and run institutes including private aided institutes.
Annual Status of Education Report (ASER), Trends over time 2006-2014, ASER Centre/ Pratham
• Data available for rural areas only
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Health Maternal mortality ratio
Sample Registration System, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• Maternal mortality ratio is derived as the proportion of maternal deaths per 1,00,000 live births reported. • Data for 3 years is pooled to enhance sample size and yield more reliable estimates. • For states split after the year 2000, i.e. Bihar and Jharkhand; Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand; Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, MMR is estimated jointly.
Infant mortality rate
Sample Registration System, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• Infant mortality rate is the number of infant deaths (children aged 1 year or less) per 1,000 live births.
Malnutrition: Stunting
National Family Health Survey (NFHS), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
• ‘Stunting’ defined as percentage of children below age 5 who are short for their age. • Data for 2006 is from the NFHS and for 2014 is from the RSOC. Though both provide stunting estimates for children below age 5 the numbers for 2006 and 2014 may not be strictly comparable due to differences in survey methodology.
Rapid Survey on Children (RSOC), Ministry of Women and Child Development
Infrastructure & Amenities Electrification
Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• ‘Electrification’ defined as the proportion of households using electricity as primary source of energy for lighting.
Road density
Basic Roads Statistics, Transport Research Wing, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
• Road density has been defined as road length per million people and road length per 1,000 sq. km. • Road length estimates correspond to ‘total road length’ data published in the Basic Roads Statistics report. • Population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to January 1st of 2005. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). • Land area estimates have been taken from the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.
Drinking water on premises
Survey of drinking water, sanitation, hygiene and housing condition conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• The most recent survey data is available for the year 2012.
Open defecation Access to latrine
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May 20, 2016
Technical Appendix
LABEL Data labels
29 STATES AND ALL INDIA
LABEL
SOCIAL GROUP
ST SC OBC General
‘scheduled tribe’ ‘scheduled caste’ ‘other backward class’ ‘others’
(7 ‘low income states’ highlighted)
AI AP AR AS BH CG DL GA GJ HP HR JH JK KA KL MG MH MN MP MZ NL OD PJ RJ SK TN TR UK UP WB
All India Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Delhi Goa Gujarat Himachal Pradesh Haryana Jharkhand Jammu & Kashmir Karnataka Kerala Meghalaya Maharashtra Manipur Madhya Pradesh Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh West Bengal
Adjustments for split states In the year 2000, 3 large states namely, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh were each split to form two states each. Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand were the 3 new states created. The NSSO survey data allows us to separately estimate variables for ‘split’ states, enabling us to construct a consistent and comparable series of variables for the pre-split and post-split period. A consistent and comparable series for population and growth data is not available. Specifically - 1991 population census data for ‘split’ states is not available and GSDP series for ‘split’ states is only available for years after 2000. In order to create a consistent population series, the 1991 population estimates for the parent state have been divided in a way that mirrors the relative shares of the new states’ population in the parent state population in 2001. In order to create a consistent GSDP series, pre-2000 GSDP figures for the parent state have been divided in a way that preserves the relative shares of the new ‘ GSDP in the parent state GSDP for a ten year period after the year 2000. In the year 2014, the state of Telangana was carved out of Andhra Pradesh (AP), with the remaining portion of AP retaining the name of the parent state. Separate estimates for Telangana have not been published in the States Briefs. All state-level estimates for Andhra Pradesh correspond to AP and Telangana combined.
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May 20, 2016