Madhya Pradesh Indicators at a Glance
MADHYA PRADESH
ALL INDIA
POPULATION 1991
2001
2011
2011
Total population (million)
49
60
73
1211
Urban share (%)
25
26
28
31
Share of adults (% age 15+)
62
63
68
70
Child sex ratio (age 0-6)
941
932
918
919
1994
2005
2012
2012
POVERTY & INEQUALITY Poor (million) Poverty rate (%)
Gini coefficient
23
32
24
270
All
45
49
32
22
Rural
49
54
36
25
Urban
32
35
21
14
0.28
0.30
0.31
0.32
1994
2005
2012
2012
13,642
17,376
26,134
42,647
Agriculture
40
28
23
14
Industry
25
27
29
28
Services
36
45
47
57
All
INCOME & GROWTH Real GSDP per capita (2005 rupees) By sector (%)
Annual growth rate of real GSDP per capita (%)
1994 to 2005
2005 to 2012
2005 to 2012
2.2
6.0
6.7
JOBS Labor force participation rate (%)
Workers by sector (%)
Workers by wage-type (%)
1
May 20, 2016
1994
2005
2012
2012
All
69
68
57
56
Male
87
86
81
80
Female
50
49
31
31
Agriculture
75
69
59
49
Industry
10
13
21
24
Services
15
18
20
27
Self-Employed
58
58
58
52
Salaried
11
11
11
18
Casual Wage
31
31
31
30
Madhya Pradesh Indicators at a Glance
MADHYA PRADESH
ALL INDIA
HEALTH 2001
2006
2013
2013
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)
407
335
221
167
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
86
74
54
40
Stunting (% age 0-5)
—
50*
42~
39~
1994
2005
2012
2012
Literate (% adults)
43
54
67
70
Secondary education and above (% adults)
14
18
26
32
INFRASTRUCTURE & AMENITIES Power
1994
2005
2012
2012
All
59
76
87
80
Rural
48
69
83
73
Urban
89
96
98
96
2008
2012
2012
All
26
34
56
Rural
15
19
46
Urban
59
71
77
All
70
61
44
Rural
85
79
60
Urban
24
14
9
Connectivity
2005
2012
2012
Road density - km. per million people
2,530
2,729
3,231
Road density - km. per 1,000 sq. km.
532
653
1,206
2012
2013
2014
2014
Debt to GSDP ratio (%)
21
21
21
51
Fiscal Deficit (% of GSDP)
1.9
2.6
2.7
4.4
Real GSDP growth rate (%)
8.5
8.7
9.5
6.9
EDUCATION
Electrification (% households)
Water and sanitation Drinking water on premises (% households)
Open defecation (% households)
RECENT GROWTH AND FISCAL PERFORMANCE
* NFHS III, ~ RSOC
2
May 20, 2016
Madhya Pradesh Poverty, Growth & Inequality
Madhya Pradesh is the 5th most populous state in India and home to 73 million people. Poverty in Madhya Pradesh was similar to the national average in 1994, but since then poverty reduction has lagged the rest of the country. Consumption inequality has increased marginally during this period. The state today has high levels of poverty, especially in the eastern and southern districts, and is home to 24 million poor. Growth is lower than in other states, and is driven mainly by industry and services.
Poverty in Madhya Pradesh is among the highest in the country Population below poverty line, 2012 (%) 50
40
40 37
37
35
34
33
32
32 29
30
22
22
21
20
20
19
17
17
15
15 12
12
10
11
11
11
10
9
9
8
8
8 5
0 CG JH MN AR BH OD AS MP UP AI MZ KA WB NL MH GJ TR RJ MG TN UK HR JK DL AP SK
PJ
KL HP GA
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Eastern and southern districts of Madhya Pradesh have very high poverty District level poverty, 2012 Patna ★ Bhopal
Population below the poverty line, 2012 (%)
N N
1
May 20, 2016
4-15 0.6-5.2 15-25 5.3-13.2 25-38 13.3-17.2 38-49 17.3-22.6 49-77 22.7-62.8
Madhya Pradesh Poverty, Growth & Inequality
Poverty reduction in Madhya Pradesh has lagged the rest of the country Population below poverty line, (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 MN JH BH OD AR AS CG KA MH UP AI TN AP MP WB RJ
● 1994
● 2005
GJ MG HR HP UK TR SK KL JK
PJ
GA NL DL MZ
● 2012
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Poverty in Madhya Pradesh increased during 1994-2005, but has declined steadily since then Population below poverty line, (%) 70
60
50
54
Rural Total
40
30
49 49 45 36 35
Urban 32
32
20
21
10
0 1994
2
May 20, 2016
2005
2012
Madhya Pradesh Poverty, Growth & Inequality 0
10
20
30
Annual decline in poverty rate, 2005 - 2012 (%)
-1
40
50
60
70
80
High poverty, declining slowly
AS
Growth in Madhya Pradesh has lagged other states -3 JH
Annual growth 2005- 2012 - 2012 Annual growthrate, rate, 2005 (%) (%)
11
CG
-5
9 8 7 6
WB
-9
All India
GJ HR
-11 KL PJ RJ
BH -13
Data for 19 large states and All India. Low Income States are highlighted in orange.
Low poverty, UP declining fast
GJ
AP MH RJ
MH
KL HP
TN
HR
Interpreting the graph
KA
OD CGHP MP
-17 Lagging
4
BH
Leading OD TN
-15
5
MP
KA
-7
Improving
10
UP
UK
UK
Improvement from 2005 to 2012
12
PJ
WB AP
JH AS
Weakening
3 2
0
Leading High income, high growth
Lagging Low income, low growth
Weakening High income, low growth
Standard of living, 2005
5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000
per capita, (2005 RealReal GSDPGSDP per capita, (2005 Rupees)
Improving Low income, high growth
Rupees) All India
Madhya Pradesh’s growth is driven by industry and services Annual growth rate, (%)
Components of GSDP growth rate, (%) 15 15
15 15
12 12 10 10
9
6 5
9
0 20052005 20062006 2007 2008 20092009 20102010 20112011 20122012 2007 2008
■ Madhya Pradesh GSDP
■ All India GDP
0
6
3
0
May 20, 2016
3.9
5.5 4.2 4.2
2.1
4.5
3.4
0.3
1.9
0.7
-1.4
1.7
1.6
2.1
1.3 2.2
2.1
2.1 0.1
3.0
-0.4
-5 -5 20052005200620062007 20072008 200820092009201020102011201120122012
■ Services
3
5.3
4.1
5 3
0
4.7
■ Industry
■ Agriculture
Madhya Pradesh Poverty, Growth & Inequality
Poverty reduction in Madhya Pradesh slower than in other states Poverty rate, 2005
Annual decline in poverty rate, 2012 Annual decline in poverty rate,2005 2005 --2012 (%)(%)
0
10
20
30
-1
40
50
60
70
80
High poverty, declining slowly
AS
-3
JH CG UP
-5
MP
KA
-7
WB
-9
BH
All India
OD
Data for 19 large states and All India. Low Income States are highlighted in orange.
GJ HR
-11
RJ KL PJ
-13
TN
HP
-15
Low poverty, declining fast
MH
UK AP
-17
Madhya Pradesh is among the Low Income States where a disproportionate share of India’s poor live bubble size: number of poor (millions)
UP
20
Data for 19 large states and All India. Low Income States are highlighted in yellow.
BH
15
What % of India’s poor lives in this state?
Stateshare share in poor, 20122012 (%) (%) State in India’s India’s poor,
25
MP
10
MH
JH
5
OD
HP
0
WB
RJ
CG GJ
AS
0
KA
HR KL UK PJ
5
TN
AP
10
15
20
State sharein inIndia’s India’s population, 20122012 (%) (%) State share population,
4
May 20, 2016
25
Interpreting the graph Share of poor > share of population
e ar Sh
or po of
e ar sh
of
n io at ul p po
=
Share of poor < share of population
What % of India’s population lives in this state?
Madhya Pradesh Poverty, Growth & Inequality
Consumption inequality has increased marginally in Madhya Pradesh, mainly in urban areas Gini coefficient 0.4
0.3
0.37 0.37
0.28
0.30
0.31
0.30 0.27
0.25
0.27
0.2
0.1
0.0 Total
Rural
■ 1994
■ 2005
Urban
■ 2012
Madhya Pradesh’s consumption inequality is higher than other Low Income states but below the national average Gini coefficient, 2012 0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1 KL DL KA MH AR TN AI HR WB MP CG UP
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
5
May 20, 2016
PJ
HP GA UK AP GJ MZ OD JK JH RJ AS TR NL BH SK MG MN
Madhya Pradesh Jobs
People in Madhya Pradesh are increasingly moving off the farm and into other kinds of work such as construction. Growth in non-farm jobs has been positive after 2005 but lower than in other Low-Income states. The overall job creation in the state lags behind the expansion of the working age population that is not in school. What’s more, more than half the population is still on the farm, and there are very few salaried jobs. For women, there are even fewer jobs and many have dropped out of the labor force.
Non-farm employment is rising in Madhya Pradesh, but more than half of the workforce is still on the farm Employment share by sector, (%) 100
25
31
41
80 75
■ Non-farm
69
60
59
■ Farm
40
20
0 1994
2005
2012
Madhya Pradesh’s non-farm employment share is among the lowest in the country Non-farm employment share, 2012 (%) 100
80
100
96
74
73 65
60
64
61
61
58
57
51
51
40
51
51
50
50
50
48
47
45
44
44
43
42
41
40
38
38
32
27
20
0 DL GA KL TR TN PJ MN WB JK HR GJ UK AI MH JH KA RJ UP AP MZ OD AS MG HP MP NL SK BH AR CG
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
1
May 20, 2016
Madhya Pradesh Jobs
Jobs grew in Madhya Pradesh after 2005 , but growth was lower than in other Low Income States Number of jobs added, 2005-2012 (mn)
Annual job growth, 2005-2012 (%)
WB UP RJ MH CG BH OD AP DL MP GJ TN
WB
1.8
UP
0.8
RJ
1.1
MH
0.5
CG
1.6
BH
0.5
OD
0.7
AP
0.3
DL
2.2
MP
0.4
GJ
0.3
TN
0.2
PJ
PJ
0.5
TR HP SK MG GA MZ MN AR AS KL JH HR NL UK KA
TR
4.4
-1
0
1
2
3
4
HP
1.3
SK
3.9
MG
0.7
GA
1.3
MZ
1.1
MN
0.1
AR
-0.1
AS
0.0
KL
-0.1
JH
-0.2
HR
-0.3
NL
-3.6
UK
-1.0
KA
-0.5
5
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Construction led job growth in Madhya Pradesh after 2005 Number of jobs, (mn)
Annual job growth, 2005-2012 (%)
FARM
FARM
-2
CONS
CONS
17
THR
THR
2
MANU
-1
PUB
1
TRAN
7
FIRB
7
MINE+UTIL
-3
MANU PUB TRAN FIRB MINE+UTIL
0
2
5
10
■ 2005 May 20, 2016
15
■ 2012
20
Madhya Pradesh Jobs
No change in the types of jobs in Madhya Pradesh after 2005 Employment by wage type, (%) 100
31
31
80
Wage Labor
60
11
11
58
58
40 Self Employed
20
0 2005
■ Casual Wage
2012
■ Salaried
■ Self Employed
Share of salaried jobs in Madhya Pradesh is among the lowest in the country Salaried jobs share, 2012 (%) 70 63
60
60
50 40 30
28
27
26
25
24
24
23
22
22
22
20 10
21
19
18
18
18
18
17
17
14
14
13
13
11
11
11
10
10 6
0 DL GA PJ MH TN GJ NL HR KA KL MZ SK JK AR HP AP AI UK WB MG MN AS RJ TR MP UP OD JH CG BH
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
3
May 20, 2016
Madhya Pradesh Jobs
Not enough jobs in Madhya Pradesh for the size of the working age population not in school, especially for females Million 50
Annual growth, 2005-2012 (%) 50
â&#x2013; 2005 40
+6.6
â&#x2013; 2012
Working age population not in school
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
+0.7
2.3
0.4
All Workers +2.9
2.1
Male Workers -2.2 -3.7
Female Workers 0
0 Working age population not in school
All Workers
Male Workers
Female Workers
-5
-4
-3-5
-2-4
-1 -3
0-2
1 -1
20
31
Sharp decline in female labor force participation in Madhya Pradesh after 2005 Labor force participation rate, (%) 100
90
88
83
80 79
60
59
81 75 57
Rural Male Urban Male Rural Female
36
40
20
23
23 17
0 1993-94
4
May 20, 2016
2004-05
2011-12
Urban Female
42
53
4
Madhya Pradesh Gender
Madhya Pradesh has made mixed progress on gender. Child sex ratio is deteriorating. Maternal mortality is high, but has seen improvement. Nearly one in every two adult females is illiterate. There has been a sharp decline in female labor force participation after 2005 and only one-third of the adult women are in the labor force today. On a positive note, gender gaps in elementary schools have been eliminated and, although fewer women work they have the same types of jobs as men.
Child sex ratio in Madhya Pradesh is close to the national average Child sex ratio, 2011 (age 0-6) females per 1,000 males 1,000 972 970 970 969
964 962
957 957 956
950
948 948
943 943 942 941 939 936 935 919 918
900
909
902
894 890 890 888 871
862 846
850
834
800 AR MG MZ CG KL AS SK TR WB KA JH NL TN GA OD AP MN BH AI MP HP UP MH GJ UK RJ DL JK
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Child sex ratio is deteriorating in Madhya Pradesh Child sex ratio, (age 0-6) females per 1,000 males 1,000
950
941
932 918
900
850
800 1991
1
May 20, 2016
2001
2011
PJ HR
Madhya Pradesh Gender
Maternal mortality ratio in Madhya Pradesh is improving Maternal mortality ratio maternal deaths per 100,000 live births 400
379
300
269 221
200
100
0 2003
2009
2013
Maternal mortality ratio in Madhya Pradesh is higher than the national average Maternal mortality ratio, 2013 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births 300
285 285
300
244 208 208
221 221 222
200 167
112 113
100 61
68
79
127 133
141
92
0 KL MH TN AP GJ WB HR KA PJ
AI BH JH MP CG OD RJ UP UK AS
Data for 19 large states and All India. Low income states are highlighted in orange and AI is All India.
2
May 20, 2016
Madhya Pradesh Gender
Secondary education attainment among adult females in Madhya Pradesh is among the lowest in the country Secondary education attainment among women, 2012 (% adults) 70 60
57 52
50
46
43
40
41
38
38
35
34
34
33
31
30
30
28
28
26
26
26
26 22
20
21
21
20
20
20 16
16
16
15
14
10 0 DL GA NL KL HP MN PJ MH TN HR KA UK MG MZ AR JK AP AI
GJ SK AS UP JH WB MP CG OD RJ BH TR
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
High gender disparity in education attainment among adults in Madhya Pradesh, rural women lag behind urban Education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 50 45
Rural Females
40
53
31
30
24
12
11
27 23
23
20
19
20
Urban Females
13
10
25
20
20
40
14
41
0
Males
■ Illiterate
3
Females
■ Literate or primary school completed
May 20, 2016
0
■ Middle school completed
60
80
100
■ Secondary school or higher completed
Madhya Pradesh Gender
Gender gaps have been eliminated at elementary school level in Madhya Pradesh Enrolled in education institutes, (%)
2005 11
3
21-23
8
Female
Male
15-17
13
27
14
18-20
Age
14
58
44
13
84
71
12-14
100
3
80
77
6-8
12
92
80
9-11
80
60
40
20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Enrolled in education institutes, (%)
2012 12
21-23
21
9
Female
Male 28
18-20 15-17
15 75
Age
71
4
12-14
94
94
0
9-11
95
95
0
100
May 20, 2016
89
89
6-8
4
43
80
60
40
20
0
20
40
60
80
0 100
Madhya Pradesh Gender
Female labor force participation is low in Madhya Pradesh but equal to the national average Female labor force participation rate, 2012 (%) 70 63
60
63 55
55 49
50
47 43
40
41
40
38
38
37
37
36
33
30
33
32
32
31
31
30
27
25
25
25
24 19
20
17
15 9
10 0 HP SK CG MG MZ AP RJ NL TN MH AR TR UK MN KA OD JK KL AI MP GJ
PJ
JH WB UP GA HR AS DL BH
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Female labor force participation in Madhya Pradesh has dropped sharply after 2005 Labor force participation rate, (%) 100
90
88
83
80 79
60
59
81 75 57
Rural Male Urban Male Rural Female
36
40
20
23
23 17
0 1993-94
5
May 20, 2016
2004-05
2011-12
Urban Female
Madhya Pradesh Gender
Farming is the main activity for males and females in rural Madhya Pradesh Share of employed, 2012 (%) Rural Males
Rural Females
15
3
5
11
7
11 69
■ Farm - All
80
■ Non-farm Self Employed
■ Non-farm Salaried
■ Non-farm Casual Wage
When urban women work, they have similar types of jobs as urban men in Madhya Pradesh Share of employed, 2012 (%) Urban Males
15
Urban Females
7
10
17
35 35
■ Farm - All
6
May 20, 2016
41
■ Non-farm Self Employed
40
■ Non-farm Salaried
■ Non-farm Casual Wage
Madhya Pradesh Social Inclusion
There is uneven progress across social groups in Madhya Pradesh. Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes in particular have very high poverty levels. In addition, they lag behind in schooling and access to salaried jobs. Apart from households that belong to the General category, there is high open defecation and poor access to drinking water for most households in Madhya Pradesh. Scheduled Tribes are the worst off.
Higher levels of poverty among Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes in Madhya Pradesh Population below poverty line, (%) 77
80
Households by Social Group, 2012 (%) All India Madhya Pradesh Scheduled Tribe
9
23
Scheduled Caste
19
18
Other Backward Caste
43
41
General
29
18
Pace of poverty reduction
70 62
60
53 -5% per year
50
45
40 -6% per year
40 30
24 -9% per year 19
20
17 -2% per year
10 0 2005
■ Scheduled Tribe
2012
■ Scheduled Caste
■ Other Backward Caste
■ General
Poverty of Scheduled Tribes in Madhya Pradesh is higher than in most other states ST population below the poverty line, 2012 (%) 70 60
63 56
54
53
50
51
50
49 43
40
43
40
39
36
30 20 10
33
32
31
26
26
25
23
20
19
15
13
13
9
9
8
0
0 OD BH MH MP CG JH WB AI MN RJ KL GJ AR AS KA TN UP TR AP MZ NL JK UK MG HP HR SK
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
1
6
May 20, 2016
0
PJ GA DL
Madhya Pradesh Social Inclusion
Stark contrast in educational attainment across social groups in Madhya Pradesh Education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 50
Scheduled Tribe
27
41
Scheduled Caste
27
32
Other Backward Caste
15
General 0
20
■ Illiterate
17
27
18
12
10
15
18
24
15
53
40
60
80
100
■ Literate or primary school completed
■ Middle school completed
■ Secondary school or higher completed
Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes in Madhya Pradesh have more casual wage jobs compared to other social groups Share of employed, 2012 (%) Scheduled Tribe
45
49
Scheduled Caste
47
43
10
6
■ Casual Wage ■ Salaried
Other Backward Caste
General
■ Self-employed
11 25 24 10
2
May 20, 2016
65
65
Madhya Pradesh Social Inclusion
Open defecation in Madhya Pradesh is high for most social groups, is highest for Scheduled Tribes Households practicing open defecation, 2012 (%) 100 82
80 69
60
74
61
59
61 48
44
40 25
20
21
0 All
Scheduled Tribe
Scheduled Caste
■ Madhya Pradesh
Other Backward Caste
General
■ All India
Households in Madhya Pradesh have poor access to drinking water, except for those in the General category Households with drinking water on premises, 2012 (%) 80 66
60
69
58
56 44
40
34
33 27 22
20
16
0 All
Scheduled Tribe
Scheduled Caste
■ Madhya Pradesh
3
May 20, 2016
Other Backward Caste
■ All India
General
Madhya Pradesh Health and Education
Madhya Pradesh has a lot of ground to cover on health and education. Infant mortality rate is the highest in the country despite improvement. Malnutrition and open defecation rates are high even among the rich. Most adults have only a few years of schooling. There are however gains in schooling for the young. Enrollment in public schools is high for a majority of them. While improvements in schooling for the younger generation are a bright spot, better learning outcomes have not followed.
Infant mortality rate is declining in Madhya Pradesh Infant mortality rate Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births 90 80
79
74
70 60
57
54
52
50
37
40 30 20 10
â&#x2013; 2006
0 Total
Rural
â&#x2013; 2013
Urban
Madhya Pradesh has the highest infant mortality rate in India Infant mortality rate, 2013 Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births 60
80
50
60
40
40
30
20 18
20 10
9
10
21
22
24
31 24
26
31
32
32
35
35
36
37
37
39
40
41
42
46
47
47
50
51
54
54
26
0
12
Total
Rural
Urban
0 GA MN KL NL TN SK MH DL
PJ
TR KA WB AR UK HP MZ GJ
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
1
May 20, 2016
JK JH AP AI HR BH CG MG RJ UP OD AS MP
Madhya Pradesh Health and Education
Malnutrition in Madhya Pradesh is amongst the highest in the country Stunting in children <5 years, 2014 (%) 50
47
40
30
20
27
19
21
28
28
29
29
32
33
34
34
34
35
35
35
36
37
38
39
41
42
42
43
49
50
43
31
31
PJ
TR JK MN UK HP KA WB AP MH RJ HR OD AI AS MP GJ MG CG JH BH UP
23
10
0 KL GA TN MZ SK AR DL NL
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Malnutrition is high across most income groups in Madhya Pradesh Stunting in children <5 years, 2006 (%) 70 60
60 50
55 50
51
48
54 50
49 44
41
40 30
30
25
20 10 0
All
Quintile 1
Quintile 2
■ Madhya Pradesh Latest stunting data by wealth class available for 2006.
2
May 20, 2016
Quintile 3
■ All India
Quintile 4
Quintile 5
Madhya Pradesh Health and Education
Open defecation in Madhya Pradesh is higher than most states Households practicing open defecation, 2012 (%) 100
80 68 58
60
40
34
30
20
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
2
4
7
12
16
16
16
17
35
35
39
42
44
61
Households practicing open defecation, 2012(%) 22
28
42
74
85
80
78 72
60
61
58
40
26
20
0 All
Quintile 1
Quintile 2
■ Access and use of latrine
3
May 20, 2016
61
JK AP TN AI KA RJ MP UP BH CG OD JH
Open defecation is high among richer households too in Madhya Pradesh
15
74
45
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
39
73
22
NL DL SK MZ MN TR KL MG GA AS AR PJ UK HR HP WB MH GJ
100
68
Quintile 3
Quintile 4
■ Open defecation
Quintile 5
Madhya Pradesh Health and Education
Secondary school attainment among adults in Madhya Pradesh is lower than in most other states Secondary education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 70 62 58
60 52
50
47 38
40 30 20
18
21
24
24
25
25
25
26
26
27
28
30
32
32
32
32
34
40
39
41
43
43
48
43
34
10 0 TR OD CG BH WB RJ SK MP AS UP JH MZ GJ AR MG AI AP JK UK TN KA PJ MH KL HR HP MN NL GA DL
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
There are gains in secondary schooling for the young in Madhya Pradesh Education attainment, (% age 18-30)
Enrollment by age cohort, (%)
50 50 7
21-23
17
+10
40 40 34
34
30 30
28
19
20 20
74
+22
Age
23
+15
52
15-17
25 22
36
21
18-20
78
12-14
94
+16
95
+8
15
9-11
10 10
6-8
87
89
78
+11
00 Illiterate Illiterate
Literateoror Middle Literate Middle primaryschool school completed completed primary completed completed
Secondary Secondary andabove above and
â&#x2013; 2005
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May 20, 2016
100 100
â&#x2013; 2012
80 80
60 60
40 40
20 20
00
20 20
40 40
60 60
80 80
100 100
Madhya Pradesh Health and Education
Public school enrollment in Madhya Pradesh is higher than the national average Enrollment in public educational institutes, 2012 (%) 100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0% TR BH AR AS OD WB CG JH MZ SK HP MP GJ
■ All education levels
JK UK AI DL KA MG TN RJ MH HR AP UP NL
● Elementary
PJ MN KL GA
● Secondary and above
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Enrollment in private schools has increased marginally in Madhya Pradesh, mostly for the rich Enrollment in public educational institutes, 2012 (%) 100
80
94 79
93
91
86
86 78
74
74
70
60
54 40
40
20
0 All
Quintile 1
Quintile 2
■ 2005
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May 20, 2016
Quintile 3
■ 2012
Quintile 4
Quintile 5
Madhya Pradesh Health and Education
Learning outcomes in Madhya Pradesh are among the poorest in the country Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, 2014 (%) 80
75
70
67
60 50 39
40 33
34
42
43
46
47
NL
SK AR UP TR
GJ
44
45
52
52
52
53
54
56
58
67
67
68
60
47
47
47
48
48
RJ
TN KA
AI
BH OD MZ CG WB MH AP MG UK KL MN PJ
34
30 20 10 0 AS MP JH
JK
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Sharp decline in learning outcomes after 2008 in Madhya Pradesh Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, (%) 100
80
60
40
20
■ Madhya Pradesh
■ All India
0 2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
*Data on learning outcomes available for rural areas only.
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May 20, 2016
2012
2013
2014
HR HP
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS Demographics
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Population
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
Urban Share
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
Child Sex Ratio
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• Defined as the number of girls per 1,000 boys in the 0-6 age group.
Adults
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Individuals of age 15 years and above are classified as ‘adults’. • The NSSO conducts employment and unemployment surveys once every 5 years. The most recent survey data is available for the year 2011-12.
Working age population not in school
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Individuals of age 15 years and above that are currently not attending any educational institutes
Poor
Poverty lines based on the ‘Tendulkar’ poverty lines published by the former Planning Commission of India
• Households whose monthly per capita consumption expenditure is below the poverty line are classified as ‘poor’. • Poverty rate is the proportion of population that is counted as poor. • The number of poor is calculated by applying poverty rates, estimated using NSS data, to population estimates. Population for 1994 has been estimated by interpolating the 1991 and 2001 census population to January 1st of 1994. Similarly, population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to January 1st of 2005. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to noncensus years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). • The NSSO conducts consumption expenditure surveys once every 5 years. The most recent survey data is available for the year 2011-12.
• The population census is conducted once every 10 years. The most recent population census data available is for the year 2011.
Poverty Poverty rate
Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
Inequality Gini coefficient
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Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• The Gini coefficient measures the extent to which the distribution of consumption expenditure among households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. • Gini coefficient of 0 represents perfect equality, 1 implies perfect inequality. • Gini coefficient is estimated using survey data on monthly per capita consumption expenditure. Expenditure is adjusted for price differences between rural and urban areas within a state using the Tendulkar poverty lines.
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS Welfare distribution
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Consumption expenditure quintiles
Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Survey data on household consumption is used to estimate consumption expenditure quintiles within each state in India. Expenditure is adjusted for price differences between rural and urban areas within a state using the Tendulkar poverty lines.
Wealth Index quintiles
National Family Health Survey, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
• Survey data on asset ownership is used to construct a ‘wealth index’ which forms the basis for estimating wealth quintiles within each state in India.
Real GDP/GSDP growth rate
Central Statistical Office (CSO)
Real GDP/GSDP per capita
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• 2014 All-India estimate of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) corresponds to the 2011-12 base year (new series). All other All-India GDP and state GSDP estimates correspond to 2004-05 base year and 2004-05 prices (old series). • All estimates of GDP/GSDP are as of March 31st of the corresponding financial year. For e.g. the Real GSDP for the financial year 1993-94 is as on 31st March 1994. • Population for the years 1994 to 2011 has been estimated by interpolating census population to March 31st of the corresponding year. For example, population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to March 31st of 2005. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to March 31st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). • Growth rate of GSDP/ GDP across any two consecutive years is the simple growth rate. Growth rate over multiple years is the compounded annual growth rate (CAGR). • Composition of 3 main sectors of the economy (i) Agriculture/Farm - Agriculture, forestry and fishing (ii) Industry - Mining, manufacturing, utilities, construction (iii) Services – Trade, transport, storage, communication, financial services, real estate, professional services • Components of GSDP growth rate represent the contribution of a sector to overall GSDP growth rate. This is estimated by the ratio of increase in value added in a sector to increase in overall value added and multiplying the ratio with the GSDP growth rate.
Income & Growth
Components of GSDP growth rate
Fiscal
2
Debt
Controller General of Accounts (CGA)
Fiscal Deficit
Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
May 20, 2016
• Debt is the government’s outstanding liabilities. • Fiscal deficit is the difference between the total revenue and total expenditure of the government in the financial year. • Both are expressed as a ratio of the nominal GDP/ GSDP (market prices).
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Jobs Labor force participation rate
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Adult individuals are classified as part of the labor force if they are working (i.e. engaged in economic activity) or if they have been seeking work or have been available for work for a minimum of 6 months during the 365 days preceding the date of survey. This is otherwise known as the “usual status” definition of the labor force.
Workers/Employed/Number of jobs
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• Members of the labor force are classified as ‘workers’ if they are working (i.e. engaged in economic activity) for a minimum of 30 days during the 365 days preceding the date of survey. This is otherwise known as the “usual status” definition of the work force. • The number of jobs/workers is arrived at by applying worker participation rates to population estimates. The ‘number of jobs’ estimate corresponds to the ‘number of workers’. • Population for 1994 and 2005 has been estimated by interpolating census population to January 1st of the corresponding year. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). • Job growth over a certain period is the compounded annual growth rate (CAGR). • Classification of workers by sector (i) Agriculture/Farm - Agriculture, forestry and fishing (ii) Industry - Mining, manufacturing, utilities, construction (iii) Services – Trade, transport, storage, communication, financial services, real estate, professional services • Classification of workers by wage-type (i) Self-employed – Own account workers, employers and unpaid family workers (ii) Salaried –workers with regular salary (iii) Casual wage – workers with causal wages • The categories - ‘farm all’, ‘non-farm self’, ‘non-farm salaried’, ‘non-farm casual’ are a combination of the sector of work and the type of wage earned. • A further disaggregated classification of workers by sector FARM – Agriculture/ farming CONS – Construction THR – Trade, hotels and restaurants MANU – Manufacturing PUB - Community, social and personal services TRAN - Transport, storage and communication FIRB - Financing, insurance, real estate and business services MINE+UTIL – Mining & quarrying + Utilities • Classification of workers by wage-type (i) Self-employed – Own account workers, employers and unpaid family workers (ii) Salaried –workers with regular salary (iii) Casual wage – workers with causal wages • The categories - ‘farm all’, ‘non-farm self’, ‘non-farm salaried’, ‘non-farm casual’ are a combination of the sector of work and the type of wage earned.
Job growth Workers by sector/wage-type
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Technical Appendix
INDICATORS
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Education Literacy Education attainment
Enrollment Public educational institutes
Learning: Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, 2014 (%)
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May 20, 2016
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• ‘Literate’ – includes those who have received both formal and informal schooling. • Education levels explained (i) ‘Illiterate’ – individuals who are not literate. (ii) ‘Literate or primary school completed’ – includes individuals who have completed primary school as well as those are literate but have not completed primary school. (iii) ‘Middle completed’ – individuals who have completed middle school. (iv) ‘Secondary and above’ – individuals who have completed secondary schooling or any level higher. Includes individuals who have completed higher secondary, diploma or certificate course or a graduate, postgraduate or higher degree.
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Includes all those currently attending formal primary schooling and above. • Public educational institutes include those that are run by the state/ central governments or by local bodies. This excludes any kind of privately owned and run institutes including private aided institutes.
Annual Status of Education Report (ASER), Trends over time 2006-2014, ASER Centre/ Pratham
• Data available for rural areas only
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Health Maternal mortality ratio
Sample Registration System, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• Maternal mortality ratio is derived as the proportion of maternal deaths per 1,00,000 live births reported. • Data for 3 years is pooled to enhance sample size and yield more reliable estimates. • For states split after the year 2000, i.e. Bihar and Jharkhand; Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand; Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, MMR is estimated jointly.
Infant mortality rate
Sample Registration System, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• Infant mortality rate is the number of infant deaths (children aged 1 year or less) per 1,000 live births.
Malnutrition: Stunting
National Family Health Survey (NFHS), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
• ‘Stunting’ defined as percentage of children below age 5 who are short for their age. • Data for 2006 is from the NFHS and for 2014 is from the RSOC. Though both provide stunting estimates for children below age 5 the numbers for 2006 and 2014 may not be strictly comparable due to differences in survey methodology.
Rapid Survey on Children (RSOC), Ministry of Women and Child Development
Infrastructure & Amenities Electrification
Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• ‘Electrification’ defined as the proportion of households using electricity as primary source of energy for lighting.
Road density
Basic Roads Statistics, Transport Research Wing, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
• Road density has been defined as road length per million people and road length per 1,000 sq. km. • Road length estimates correspond to ‘total road length’ data published in the Basic Roads Statistics report. • Population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to January 1st of 2005. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). • Land area estimates have been taken from the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.
Drinking water on premises
Survey of drinking water, sanitation, hygiene and housing condition conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• The most recent survey data is available for the year 2012.
Open defecation Access to latrine
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May 20, 2016
Technical Appendix
LABEL Data labels
29 STATES AND ALL INDIA
LABEL
SOCIAL GROUP
ST SC OBC General
‘scheduled tribe’ ‘scheduled caste’ ‘other backward class’ ‘others’
(7 ‘low income states’ highlighted)
AI AP AR AS BH CG DL GA GJ HP HR JH JK KA KL MG MH MN MP MZ NL OD PJ RJ SK TN TR UK UP WB
All India Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Delhi Goa Gujarat Himachal Pradesh Haryana Jharkhand Jammu & Kashmir Karnataka Kerala Meghalaya Maharashtra Manipur Madhya Pradesh Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh West Bengal
Adjustments for split states In the year 2000, 3 large states namely, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh were each split to form two states each. Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand were the 3 new states created. The NSSO survey data allows us to separately estimate variables for ‘split’ states, enabling us to construct a consistent and comparable series of variables for the pre-split and post-split period. A consistent and comparable series for population and growth data is not available. Specifically - 1991 population census data for ‘split’ states is not available and GSDP series for ‘split’ states is only available for years after 2000. In order to create a consistent population series, the 1991 population estimates for the parent state have been divided in a way that mirrors the relative shares of the new states’ population in the parent state population in 2001. In order to create a consistent GSDP series, pre-2000 GSDP figures for the parent state have been divided in a way that preserves the relative shares of the new ‘ GSDP in the parent state GSDP for a ten year period after the year 2000. In the year 2014, the state of Telangana was carved out of Andhra Pradesh (AP), with the remaining portion of AP retaining the name of the parent state. Separate estimates for Telangana have not been published in the States Briefs. All state-level estimates for Andhra Pradesh correspond to AP and Telangana combined.
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