Uttar Pradesh Indicators at a Glance
UTTAR PRADESH
ALL INDIA
POPULATION 1991
2001
2011
2011
Total population (million)
132
166
200
1211
Urban share (%)
20
21
22
31
Share of adults (% age 15+)
59
59
63
70
Child sex ratio (age 0-6)
927
916
902
919
1994
2005
2012
2012
POVERTY & INEQUALITY Poor (million) Poverty rate (%)
Gini coefficient
68
73
60
270
All
48
41
29
22
Rural
51
43
30
25
Urban
38
34
26
14
0.27
0.28
0.31
0.32
1994
2005
2012
2012
11,645
14,580
20,558
42,647
Agriculture
39
30
23
14
Industry
22
23
23
28
Services
39
47
54
57
All
INCOME & GROWTH Real GSDP per capita (2005 rupees) By sector (%)
Annual growth rate of real GSDP per capita (%)
1994 to 2005
2005 to 2012
2005 to 2012
2.1
5.0
6.7
JOBS Labor force participation rate (%)
Workers by sector (%)
Workers by wage-type (%)
1994
2005
2012
2012
All
59
60
53
56
Male
87
84
81
80
Female
29
35
25
31
Agriculture
69
61
52
49
Industry
12
18
26
24
Services
19
20
21
27
Self-Employed
71
73
64
52
8
10
11
18
21
17
25
30
Salaried Casual Wage
1
May 20, 2016
Uttar Pradesh Indicators at a Glance
UTTAR PRADESH
ALL INDIA
HEALTH 2001
2006
2013
2013
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)
539
440
285
167
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
82
71
50
40
Stunting (% age 0-5)
—
57*
50~
39~
1994
2005
2012
2012
Literate (% adults)
42
52
60
70
Secondary education and above (% adults)
15
20
27
32
INFRASTRUCTURE & AMENITIES Power
1994
2005
2012
2012
All
28
37
51
80
Rural
17
24
40
73
Urban
73
84
89
96
2008
2012
2012
All
62
63
56
Rural
56
58
46
Urban
83
78
77
All
65
61
44
Rural
79
76
60
Urban
14
11
9
Connectivity
2005
2012
2012
Road density - km. per million people
1,439
1,987
3,231
Road density - km. per 1,000 sq. km.
1,065
1,673
1,206
2012
2013
2014
2014
Debt to GSDP ratio (%)
40
39
36
51
Fiscal Deficit (% of GSDP)
2.3
2.5
2.9
4.4
Real GSDP growth rate (%)
5.6
5.8
5.0
6.9
EDUCATION
Electrification (% households)
Water and sanitation Drinking water on premises (% households)
Open defecation (% households)
RECENT GROWTH AND FISCAL PERFORMANCE
* NFHS III, ~ RSOC
2
May 20, 2016
Uttar Pradesh
Poverty, Growth & Inequality Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India and is home to 200 million people, 60 million of who are poor. The pace of poverty reduction in the state has been slower than the rest of the country. Poverty is widespread. The central and eastern districts in particular have very high levels of poverty. The state is also experiencing widening consumption inequality in urban areas. Growth is slow and is driven mainly by services.
Poverty in Uttar Pradesh is slightly above the national average Population below poverty line, 2012 (%) 50
40
40 37
37
35
34
33
32
32 29
30
22
22
21
20
20
19
17
17
15
15 12
10
12
11
11
11
10
9
9
8
8
8 5
0 CG JH MN AR BH OD AS MP UP AI MZ KA WB NL MH GJ TR RJ MG TN UK HR JK DL AP SK
PJ
KL HP GA
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Central and eastern districts of Uttar Pradesh have very high poverty N Lucknow
Population below the poverty line, 2012 (%) 2-18 18-26 26-33 33-44 44-62
1
May 20, 2016
Uttar Pradesh
Poverty, Growth & Inequality Poverty reduction in Uttar Pradesh has lagged the rest of the country Population below poverty line, (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 MN JH BH OD AR AS CG KA MH UP AI TN AP MP WB RJ
● 1994
● 2005
GJ MG HR HP UK TR SK KL JK
PJ
GA NL DL MZ
● 2012
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Poverty declined in both rural and urban areas of Uttar Pradesh more rapidly after 2005 Population below poverty line, (%) 70 60 Rural 50 40
Total
Urban
51 48 38
43 41 34
30
30 29 26
20 10 0 1994
2
May 20, 2016
2005
2012
Uttar Pradesh
Poverty, Growth & Inequality 0
10
20
30
Annual decline in poverty rate, 2005 - 2012 (%)
-1
40
50
60
70
80
High poverty, declining slowly
AS
Uttar Pradesh is among the slowest growing states in the country -3 JH
Annual growth 2005- 2012 - 2012 Annual growthrate, rate, 2005 (%) (%)
11
CG
-5
9 8 7 6
WB
-9
All India
GJ HR
-11 KL PJ RJ
BH -13
Data for 19 large states and All India. Low Income States are highlighted in orange.
Low poverty, UP declining fast
GJ
AP MH RJ
MH
KL HP
TN
HR
Interpreting the graph
KA
OD CGHP MP
-17 Lagging
4
BH
Leading OD TN
-15
5
MP
KA
-7
Improving
10
UP
UK
UK
Improvement from 2005 to 2012
12
PJ
WB AP
JH AS
Weakening
3 2
0
Leading High income, high growth
Lagging Low income, low growth
Weakening High income, low growth
Standard of living, 2005
5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000
per capita, (2005 RealReal GSDPGSDP per capita, (2005 Rupees)
Improving Low income, high growth
Rupees) All India
Services contribute the most to Uttar Pradesh’s growth Annual growth rate, (%)
Components of GSDP growth rate, (%)
15 15
10 10
8
8
4.1
10 10 6
4 5
6
4.6
3.4
0 2005 20052006 20062007 20072008 20082009 2009201020102011201120122012
0
4.9
3.3 2.5
2.2
1.7
2 1.6
0
5.1 5.6
4.2
4
5 2
4.2
0
0.7
0.7
1.0
0.4 1.0
1.8 1.1
0.1 1.3
-0.1
-0.8
2005 20052006 20062007 20072008 20082009 2009201020102011201120122012
■ Uttar Pradesh GSDP
■ All India GDP ■ Services
3
May 20, 2016
■ Industry
■ Agriculture
Uttar Pradesh
Poverty, Growth & Inequality Slower poverty reduction in Uttar Pradesh than some of the Low Income States Poverty rate, 2005
Annual decline in poverty rate, 2012 Annual decline in poverty rate,2005 2005 --2012 (%)(%)
0
10
20
30
-1
40
50
60
70
80
High poverty, declining slowly
AS
-3
JH CG UP
-5
MP
KA
-7
WB
-9
BH
All India
OD
Data for 19 large states and All India. Low Income States are highlighted in orange.
GJ HR
-11
RJ KL PJ
-13
TN
HP
-15
Low poverty, declining fast
MH
UK AP
-17
Uttar Pradesh is home to the largest number of India’s poor bubble size: number of poor (millions)
UP
20
Data for 19 large states and All India. Low Income States are highlighted in yellow.
BH
15
What % of India’s poor lives in this state?
Stateshare share in poor, 20122012 (%) (%) State in India’s India’s poor,
25
MP
10
MH
JH
5
OD
HP
0
WB
RJ
CG GJ
AS
0
KA
HR KL UK PJ
5
TN
AP
10
15
20
State sharein inIndia’s India’s population, 20122012 (%) (%) State share population,
4
May 20, 2016
25
Interpreting the graph Share of poor > share of population
e ar Sh
or po of
e ar sh
of
n io at ul p po
=
Share of poor < share of population
What % of India’s population lives in this state?
Uttar Pradesh
Poverty, Growth & Inequality Consumption inequality has increased mainly in urban areas of Uttar Pradesh Gini coefficient 0.5 0.42
0.4 0.35
0.3
0.31
0.30
0.27 0.28
0.25 0.25 0.25
0.2
0.1
0.0 Total
Rural
■ 1994
■ 2005
Urban
■ 2012
Uttar Pradesh’s consumption inequality is below the national average Gini coefficient, 2012 0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1 KL DL KA MH AR TN AI HR WB MP CG UP
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
5
May 20, 2016
PJ
HP GA UK AP GJ MZ OD JK JH RJ AS TR NL BH SK MG MN
Uttar Pradesh Jobs
People in Uttar Pradesh are increasingly moving off the farm and into other kinds of work. Growth in non-farm jobs has been among the highest in India since 2005, led by construction. Despite this, job creation has failed to keep pace with the expansion of the working age population that is not in school. What’s more, a little over half the population is still on the farm. There are very few salaried jobs and job opportunities for women remain limited.
Non-farm employment is increasing in Uttar Pradesh, but half the workforce is still on the farm Employment share by sector, (%) 100
31
39
48
80
■ Non-farm
69
60
61
■ Farm
52
40
20
0 1994
2005
2012
Non-farm employment share in Uttar Pradesh is below the national average Non-farm employment share, 2012 (%) 100
80
100
96
74
73 65
60
64
61
61
58
57 51
51
40
51
51
50
50
50
48
47
45
44
44
43
42
41
40
38
38 32
27
20
0 DL GA KL TR TN PJ MN WB JK HR GJ UK AI MH JH KA RJ UP AP MZ OD AS MG HP MP NL SK BH AR CG
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
1
May 20, 2016
Uttar Pradesh Jobs
Job growth in Uttar Pradesh was among the highest in India after 2005 Number of jobs added, 2005-2012 (mn)
Annual job growth, 2005-2012 (%)
WB UP RJ MH CG BH OD AP DL MP GJ TN
WB
1.8
UP
0.8
RJ
1.1
MH
0.5
CG
1.6
BH
0.5
OD
0.7
AP
0.3
DL
2.2
MP
0.4
GJ
0.3
TN
0.2
PJ
PJ
0.5
TR HP SK MG GA MZ MN AR AS KL JH HR NL UK KA
TR
4.4
-1
0
1
2
3
4
HP
1.3
SK
3.9
MG
0.7
GA
1.3
MZ
1.1
MN
0.1
AR
-0.1
AS
0.0
KL
-0.1
JH
-0.2
HR
-0.3
NL
-3.6
UK
-1.0
KA
-0.5
5
Low Income States are highlighted in orange
Construction led job growth in Uttar Pradesh after 2005 Number of jobs, (mn)
Annual job growth, 2005-2012 (%)
FARM
FARM
-1
CONS
CONS
13
THR
THR
1
MANU
1
PUB
3
TRAN
0
FIRB
6
MINE+UTIL
16
MANU PUB TRAN FIRB MINE+UTIL
0
2
5
10
15
■ 2005 May 20, 2016
20
25
■ 2012
30
35
40
Uttar Pradesh Jobs
More wage employment in Uttar Pradesh after 2005, mostly for casual wages Employment by wage type, (%) 100
17
80
25 Wage Labor
10 11
73
60
64
40 Self Employed
20
0 2005
■ Casual Wage
2012
■ Salaried
■ Self Employed
Share of salaried jobs in Uttar Pradesh is among the lowest in the country Salaried jobs share, 2012 (%) 70 63
60
60
50 40 30
28
27
26
25
24
24
23
22
22
22
20 10
21
19
18
18
18
18
17
17
14
14
13
13
11
11
11
10
10 6
0 DL GA PJ MH TN GJ NL HR KA KL MZ SK JK AR HP AP AI UK WB MG MN AS RJ TR MP UP OD JH CG BH
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
3
May 20, 2016
Uttar Pradesh Jobs
Not enough jobs in Uttar Pradesh for the size of the working age population not in school, particularly for females Million
Annual growth, 2005-2012 (%)
120
120
100
+14.5 100
80
80
â&#x2013; 2005
â&#x2013; 2012 Working age population not in school
60
40
40
20
20
0.8
All Workers
+3.6 60
2
+6.2 Male Workers
0
0 Working age population not in school
1.9
-2.6 Female Workers
All Workers
Male Workers
Female Workers
-3
-2-3
-2.2
-1 -2
0 -1
10
21
Decline in female labor force participation in Uttar Pradesh after 2005, mainly in rural areas Labor force participation rate, (%) 100 89
85
82
80 79
80
78
Rural Male 60
Urban Male Rural Female
40
39 32
Urban Female 27
20 16
17
1993-94
2004-05
15
0
4
May 20, 2016
2011-12
32
3
Uttar Pradesh Gender
Gender gaps in Uttar Pradesh are high and persistent. The state has one of the highest rates of maternal mortality. The child sex ratio is low and declining. The share of women participating in the labor force is among the lowest in the country. Rural women have limited access to non-farm jobs and very few urban women work. And although more women complete secondary education in Uttar Pradesh as compared to other low income states, a little over half are illiterate. The closing of gender gaps in schooling and improvement in maternal mortality are gains toward gender equity.
Child sex ratio in Uttar Pradesh is lower than the national average Child sex ratio, 2011 (age 0-6) females per 1,000 males 1,000 972 970 970 969
964 962
957 957 956
950
948 948
943 943 942 941 939 936 935 919 918
900
909
902
894 890 890 888 871
862 846
850
834
800 AR MG MZ CG KL AS SK TR WB KA JH NL TN GA OD AP MN BH AI MP HP UP MH GJ UK RJ DL JK
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Uttar Pradeshâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s child sex ratio is deteriorating Child sex ratio, (age 0-6) females per 1,000 males 1,000
950 927
916 902
900
850
800 1991
1
May 20, 2016
2001
2011
PJ HR
Uttar Pradesh Gender
Maternal health in Uttar Pradesh is improving Maternal mortality ratio maternal deaths per 100,000 live births 600 517
500
400
359 285
300
200
100
0 2003
2009
2013
Uttar Pradeshâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s maternal mortality ratio is among the highest in the country Maternal mortality ratio, 2013 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births 300
285 285
300
244 208 208
221 221 222
200 167
112 113
100 61
68
79
127 133
141
92
0 KL MH TN AP GJ WB HR KA PJ
AI BH JH MP CG OD RJ UP UK AS
Data for 19 large states and All India. Low income states are highlighted in orange and AI is All India.
2
May 20, 2016
Uttar Pradesh Gender
Secondary education attainment of adult females in Uttar Pradesh lags behind the national average Secondary education attainment among women, 2012 (% adults) 70 60
57 52
50
46
43
40
41
38
38
35
34
34
33
31
30
30
28
28
26
26
26
26 22
20
21
21
20
20
20 16
16
16
15
14
10 0 DL GA NL KL HP MN PJ MH TN HR KA UK MG MZ AR JK AP AI
GJ SK AS UP JH WB MP CG OD RJ BH TR
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Adult women have less education than adult men in Uttar Pradesh, rural women lag behind urban Education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 60 53
50
Rural Females 58
40
14
12
15
34
30
27 20
20
Urban Females
21
19 14
35
12
14
12
39
10 0
Males
■ Illiterate
3
Females
■ Literate or primary school completed
May 20, 2016
0
20
■ Middle school completed
40
60
80
100
■ Secondary school or higher completed
Uttar Pradesh Gender
Gender gaps in schooling narrowing for younger groups in Uttar Pradesh Enrolled in education institutes, (%)
2005 5
21-23
9
14
Female
Male 17
18-20 15-17
30
13
Age
46
13
59
69
12-14
80
11
84
9-11
74
6-8 100
80
6
90
4
78
60
40
20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Enrolled in education institutes, (%)
2012 14
21-23
6
20
Female
Male 33
18-20 15-17
Age
62
100
May 20, 2016
69
7 88
91
4 94
81
6-8
4
10
84
12-14 9-11
43
80
84
60
40
20
0
20
40
60
80
3
3 100
Uttar Pradesh Gender
Female labor force participation in Uttar Pradesh is among the lowest in the country Female labor force participation rate, 2012 (%) 70 63
60
63 55
55 49
50
47 43
40
41
40
38
38
37
37
36
33
30
33
32
32
31
31
30
27
25
25
25
24 19
20
17
15 9
10 0 HP SK CG MG MZ AP RJ NL TN MH AR TR UK MN KA OD JK KL AI MP GJ
PJ
JH WB UP GA HR AS DL BH
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Decline in female labor force participation in Uttar Pradesh after 2005, mainly in rural areas Labor force participation rate, (%) 100 89
85
82
80 79
80
78
Rural Male 60
Urban Male Rural Female
40
39 32
Urban Female 27
20 16
17
1993-94
2004-05
15
0
5
May 20, 2016
2011-12
Uttar Pradesh Gender
Vast majority of women in rural Uttar Pradesh work in farming, more non-farm jobs for men Share of employed, 2012 (%) Rural Males
Rural Females
4 4 20
9
7 57 16
■ Farm - All
83
■ Non-farm Self Employed
■ Non-farm Salaried
■ Non-farm Casual Wage
Urban women in Uttar Pradesh have fewer salaried jobs than urban men Share of employed, 2012 (%) Urban Males
16
Urban Females
8
7
14
22 30
46 57
■ Farm - All
6
May 20, 2016
■ Non-farm Self Employed
■ Non-farm Salaried
■ Non-farm Casual Wage
Uttar Pradesh Social Inclusion
There is uneven progress across social groups in Uttar Pradesh. The poverty rate for Scheduled Castes in Uttar Pradesh is amongst the highest in the country. There are stark differences in education attainment, types of jobs and access to clean drinking water across social groups. Open defecation is high for most households in the state, but particularly for the Scheduled Castes.
Higher poverty rate and slower poverty reduction for the Scheduled Castes in Uttar Pradesh Population below poverty line, (%) 60
Households by Social Group, 2012 (%) Uttar All India Pradesh Scheduled Tribe
9
42
19
25
Other Backward Caste
43
53
29
Pace of poverty reduction
50
1
Scheduled Caste
General
55
42
41 -4% per year
40 31 -4% per year
30
22
26 -7% per year
24
20 13 -9% per year
10 0 2005
■ Scheduled Caste
2012
■ Other Backward Caste
■ Scheduled Tribe
■ General
Poverty rate of Scheduled Castes in Uttar Pradesh is among the highest in the country SC population below poverty line, 2012 (%) 60 50 40
51
47
44
41
40
40
39 33
30
33
29
29
24
20
21
20
19
19
19
19
18
18
16
16
16
10
15
15
13
10 0
0 BH CG MN UP JH MP OD KA GA AI AS HR WB MH DL TN RJ
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
1
16
May 20, 2016
JK
GJ SK KL HP NL
0
PJ UK AR AP TR MG MZ
Uttar Pradesh Social Inclusion
Stark contrast in educational attainment across social groups in Uttar Pradesh Education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 39
Scheduled Tribe
14
15
49
Scheduled Caste
19
44
Other Backward Caste
22
General 0
16
20
17
17
16
16
23
14
48
40
■ Illiterate
31
60
80
100
■ Literate or primary school completed
■ Middle school completed
■ Secondary school or higher completed
Scheduled Castes in Uttar Pradesh have more casual wage jobs compared to other social groups Share of employed, 2012 (%) Scheduled Tribe
Scheduled Caste
30 53
45
47
17 8
■ Casual Wage ■ Salaried
Other Backward Caste
General
11
21 21
8 71
2
May 20, 2016
■ Self-employed
68
Uttar Pradesh Social Inclusion
Higher open defecation in Uttar Pradesh than rest of country, especially among the Scheduled Castes Households practicing open defecation, 2012 (%) 100 90 81
80
75 69
70 60
61
59
50
64 48
44
40 31
30
21
20 10 0 All
Scheduled Tribe
Scheduled Caste
■ Uttar Pradesh
Other Backward Caste
General
■ All India
Access to drinking water better in Uttar Pradesh, but is uneven across social groups within the state Households with drinking water on premises, 2012 (%) 100 90 77
80 70
69
66
63
60
58
56
50
45
45
44
40 27
30 20 10 0 All
Scheduled Tribe
Scheduled Caste
■ Uttar Pradesh
3
May 20, 2016
Other Backward Caste
■ All India
General
Uttar Pradesh Health and Education
Uttar Pradesh has made mixed progress on education and health outcomes. Infant mortality remains high despite improvements in recent years. Open defecation is practiced widely, even in high income households. Uttar Pradesh has the highest incidence of child malnutrition in the country. Less than a third of adults have completed secondary school. While there are some gains in schooling for the younger cohorts, learning outcomes have stagnated at unacceptably low levels. Enrollment in private schools is higher than in most states.
Infant mortality rate is declining in Uttar Pradesh Infant mortality rate Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births 80
75
71
70 60
53
53
50
50
38
40 30 20 10
■ 2006
0 Total
Rural
■ 2013
Urban
Uttar Pradesh’s infant mortality rate is among the highest in India Infant mortality rate, 2013 Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births 60
80 50
46
60 40
40 31
30 18
20 10
9
10
GA
MN
21
22
20 24
24
26
31
32
32
35
35
36
37
37
39
40
41
42
AP
AI
HR
BH
47
47
MG
RJ
50
51
UP
OD
54
54
AS
MP
26
0 Total
12
Rural
Urban
0 KL
NL
TN
SK
MH
DL
PJ
TR
KA
WB
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
1
May 20, 2016
AR
UK
HP
MZ
GJ
JK
JH
CG
Uttar Pradesh Health and Education
Uttar Pradesh has the highest rate of malnutrition in the country Stunting in children <5 years, 2014 (%) 50
47
40
30
20
27
19
21
28
28
29
29
32
33
34
34
34
35
35
35
36
37
38
39
41
42
42
43
49
50
43
31
31
PJ
TR JK MN UK HP KA WB AP MH RJ HR OD AI AS MP GJ MG CG JH BH UP
23
10
0 KL GA TN MZ SK AR DL NL
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Malnutrition is high even for high income groups in Uttar Pradesh Stunting in children <5 years, 2006 (%) 80 67
60
60
57
59 54
58 49
48
49 41
40
32 25
20
0 All
Quintile 1
Quintile 2
■ Uttar Pradesh Latest stunting data by wealth class available for 2006
2
May 20, 2016
Quintile 3
■ All India
Quintile 4
Quintile 5
Uttar Pradesh Health and Education
Open defecation in Uttar Pradesh is higher than in most states Households practicing open defecation, 2012 (%) 100
80 68 58
60
40 30
20
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
2
4
7
12
16
16
16
17
34
35
35
39
42
44
61
Households practicing open defecation, 2012(%)
80
25
28
40
66
82 75
60
72
61
60
40 34
20
0 Total
Quintile 1
Quintile 2
■ Access to latrine
3
May 20, 2016
61
JK AP TN AI KA RJ MP UP BH CG OD JH
Open defecation is high in Uttar Pradesh for richer households too
18
74
45
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
39
73
22
NL DL SK MZ MN TR KL MG GA AS AR PJ UK HR HP WB MH GJ
100
68
Quintile 3
Quintile 4
■ Open defecation
Quintile 5
Uttar Pradesh Health and Education
Secondary school attainment among Uttar Pradesh’s adults lags behind the national average Secondary education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 70 62 58
60 52
50
47 38
40 30 20
18
21
24
24
25
25
25
26
26
27
28
30
32
32
32
32
34
39
40
41
43
43
48
43
34
10 0 TR OD CG BH WB RJ SK MP AS UP JH MZ GJ AR MG AI AP JK UK TN KA PJ MH KL HR HP MN NL GA DL
Latest stunting data available for 2006. Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
There are gains in schooling for the young in Uttar Pradesh Education attainment, (% age 18-30)
Enrollment by age cohort, (%)
50 50 10
21-23 40 40
39
24
18-20
+7
26
+14
53
15-17
26
38
66
+13
Age
30 30
17
39
18
20 20
17
17
75
12-14
18
9-11
+11
86 92
87
+5
10 10
6-8
76
82
+6
00 Illiterate Illiterate
Literate Middle Literateoror Middle primary primaryschool school completed completed completed completed
Secondary Secondary and andabove above
■ 2005
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May 20, 2016
100 100
■ 2012
80 80
60 60
40 40
20 20
00
20 20
40 40
60 60
80 80
100 100
Uttar Pradesh Health and Education
Public school enrollment in Uttar Pradesh is among the lowest in the country Enrollment in public educational institutes, 2012 (%) 100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0% TR BH AR AS OD WB CG JH MZ SK HP MP GJ
■ All education levels
JK UK AI DL KA MG TN RJ MH HR AP UP NL
● Elementary
PJ MN KL GA
● Secondary and above
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Enrollment in private schools has increased in Uttar Pradesh, more for the top 40 percent Enrollment in public educational institutes, 2012 (%) 100
80
75 67
60
66 58
57
55
48
52 46
40
37
37 29
20
0 All
Quintile 1
Quintile 2
■ 2005
5
May 20, 2016
Quintile 3
■ 2012
Quintile 4
Quintile 5
Uttar Pradesh Health and Education
Learning outcomes in Uttar Pradesh are below the national average Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, 2014 (%) 80
75
70
67
60 50 39
40 33
34
42
43
46
47
NL
SK AR UP TR
GJ
44
45
52
52
52
53
54
56
58
67
67
68
60
47
47
47
48
48
RJ
TN KA
AI
BH OD MZ CG WB MH AP MG UK KL MN PJ
34
30 20 10 0 AS MP JH
JK
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Learning outcomes have shown little improvement in Uttar Pradesh Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, (%) 100
80
60
40
20
■ Uttar Pradesh
■ All India
0 2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
*Data on learning outcomes available for rural areas only.
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May 20, 2016
2012
2013
2014
HR HP
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS Demographics
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Population
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
Urban Share
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
Child Sex Ratio
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• Defined as the number of girls per 1,000 boys in the 0-6 age group.
Adults
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Individuals of age 15 years and above are classified as ‘adults’. • The NSSO conducts employment and unemployment surveys once every 5 years. The most recent survey data is available for the year 2011-12.
Working age population not in school
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Individuals of age 15 years and above that are currently not attending any educational institutes
Poor
Poverty lines based on the ‘Tendulkar’ poverty lines published by the former Planning Commission of India
• Households whose monthly per capita consumption expenditure is below the poverty line are classified as ‘poor’. • Poverty rate is the proportion of population that is counted as poor. • The number of poor is calculated by applying poverty rates, estimated using NSS data, to population estimates. Population for 1994 has been estimated by interpolating the 1991 and 2001 census population to January 1st of 1994. Similarly, population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to January 1st of 2005. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to noncensus years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). • The NSSO conducts consumption expenditure surveys once every 5 years. The most recent survey data is available for the year 2011-12.
• The population census is conducted once every 10 years. The most recent population census data available is for the year 2011.
Poverty Poverty rate
Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
Inequality Gini coefficient
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Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• The Gini coefficient measures the extent to which the distribution of consumption expenditure among households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. • Gini coefficient of 0 represents perfect equality, 1 implies perfect inequality. • Gini coefficient is estimated using survey data on monthly per capita consumption expenditure. Expenditure is adjusted for price differences between rural and urban areas within a state using the Tendulkar poverty lines.
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS Welfare distribution
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Consumption expenditure quintiles
Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Survey data on household consumption is used to estimate consumption expenditure quintiles within each state in India. Expenditure is adjusted for price differences between rural and urban areas within a state using the Tendulkar poverty lines.
Wealth Index quintiles
National Family Health Survey, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
• Survey data on asset ownership is used to construct a ‘wealth index’ which forms the basis for estimating wealth quintiles within each state in India.
Real GDP/GSDP growth rate
Central Statistical Office (CSO)
Real GDP/GSDP per capita
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• 2014 All-India estimate of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) corresponds to the 2011-12 base year (new series). All other All-India GDP and state GSDP estimates correspond to 2004-05 base year and 2004-05 prices (old series). • All estimates of GDP/GSDP are as of March 31st of the corresponding financial year. For e.g. the Real GSDP for the financial year 1993-94 is as on 31st March 1994. • Population for the years 1994 to 2011 has been estimated by interpolating census population to March 31st of the corresponding year. For example, population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to March 31st of 2005. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to March 31st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). • Growth rate of GSDP/ GDP across any two consecutive years is the simple growth rate. Growth rate over multiple years is the compounded annual growth rate (CAGR). • Composition of 3 main sectors of the economy (i) Agriculture/Farm - Agriculture, forestry and fishing (ii) Industry - Mining, manufacturing, utilities, construction (iii) Services – Trade, transport, storage, communication, financial services, real estate, professional services • Components of GSDP growth rate represent the contribution of a sector to overall GSDP growth rate. This is estimated by the ratio of increase in value added in a sector to increase in overall value added and multiplying the ratio with the GSDP growth rate.
Income & Growth
Components of GSDP growth rate
Fiscal
2
Debt
Controller General of Accounts (CGA)
Fiscal Deficit
Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
May 20, 2016
• Debt is the government’s outstanding liabilities. • Fiscal deficit is the difference between the total revenue and total expenditure of the government in the financial year. • Both are expressed as a ratio of the nominal GDP/ GSDP (market prices).
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Jobs Labor force participation rate
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Adult individuals are classified as part of the labor force if they are working (i.e. engaged in economic activity) or if they have been seeking work or have been available for work for a minimum of 6 months during the 365 days preceding the date of survey. This is otherwise known as the “usual status” definition of the labor force.
Workers/Employed/Number of jobs
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• Members of the labor force are classified as ‘workers’ if they are working (i.e. engaged in economic activity) for a minimum of 30 days during the 365 days preceding the date of survey. This is otherwise known as the “usual status” definition of the work force. • The number of jobs/workers is arrived at by applying worker participation rates to population estimates. The ‘number of jobs’ estimate corresponds to the ‘number of workers’. • Population for 1994 and 2005 has been estimated by interpolating census population to January 1st of the corresponding year. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). • Job growth over a certain period is the compounded annual growth rate (CAGR). • Classification of workers by sector (i) Agriculture/Farm - Agriculture, forestry and fishing (ii) Industry - Mining, manufacturing, utilities, construction (iii) Services – Trade, transport, storage, communication, financial services, real estate, professional services • Classification of workers by wage-type (i) Self-employed – Own account workers, employers and unpaid family workers (ii) Salaried –workers with regular salary (iii) Casual wage – workers with causal wages • The categories - ‘farm all’, ‘non-farm self’, ‘non-farm salaried’, ‘non-farm casual’ are a combination of the sector of work and the type of wage earned. • A further disaggregated classification of workers by sector FARM – Agriculture/ farming CONS – Construction THR – Trade, hotels and restaurants MANU – Manufacturing PUB - Community, social and personal services TRAN - Transport, storage and communication FIRB - Financing, insurance, real estate and business services MINE+UTIL – Mining & quarrying + Utilities • Classification of workers by wage-type (i) Self-employed – Own account workers, employers and unpaid family workers (ii) Salaried –workers with regular salary (iii) Casual wage – workers with causal wages • The categories - ‘farm all’, ‘non-farm self’, ‘non-farm salaried’, ‘non-farm casual’ are a combination of the sector of work and the type of wage earned.
Job growth Workers by sector/wage-type
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Technical Appendix
INDICATORS
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Education Literacy Education attainment
Enrollment Public educational institutes
Learning: Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, 2014 (%)
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May 20, 2016
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• ‘Literate’ – includes those who have received both formal and informal schooling. • Education levels explained (i) ‘Illiterate’ – individuals who are not literate. (ii) ‘Literate or primary school completed’ – includes individuals who have completed primary school as well as those are literate but have not completed primary school. (iii) ‘Middle completed’ – individuals who have completed middle school. (iv) ‘Secondary and above’ – individuals who have completed secondary schooling or any level higher. Includes individuals who have completed higher secondary, diploma or certificate course or a graduate, postgraduate or higher degree.
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Includes all those currently attending formal primary schooling and above. • Public educational institutes include those that are run by the state/ central governments or by local bodies. This excludes any kind of privately owned and run institutes including private aided institutes.
Annual Status of Education Report (ASER), Trends over time 2006-2014, ASER Centre/ Pratham
• Data available for rural areas only
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Health Maternal mortality ratio
Sample Registration System, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• Maternal mortality ratio is derived as the proportion of maternal deaths per 1,00,000 live births reported. • Data for 3 years is pooled to enhance sample size and yield more reliable estimates. • For states split after the year 2000, i.e. Bihar and Jharkhand; Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand; Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, MMR is estimated jointly.
Infant mortality rate
Sample Registration System, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• Infant mortality rate is the number of infant deaths (children aged 1 year or less) per 1,000 live births.
Malnutrition: Stunting
National Family Health Survey (NFHS), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
• ‘Stunting’ defined as percentage of children below age 5 who are short for their age. • Data for 2006 is from the NFHS and for 2014 is from the RSOC. Though both provide stunting estimates for children below age 5 the numbers for 2006 and 2014 may not be strictly comparable due to differences in survey methodology.
Rapid Survey on Children (RSOC), Ministry of Women and Child Development
Infrastructure & Amenities Electrification
Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• ‘Electrification’ defined as the proportion of households using electricity as primary source of energy for lighting.
Road density
Basic Roads Statistics, Transport Research Wing, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
• Road density has been defined as road length per million people and road length per 1,000 sq. km. • Road length estimates correspond to ‘total road length’ data published in the Basic Roads Statistics report. • Population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to January 1st of 2005. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). • Land area estimates have been taken from the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.
Drinking water on premises
Survey of drinking water, sanitation, hygiene and housing condition conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• The most recent survey data is available for the year 2012.
Open defecation Access to latrine
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May 20, 2016
Technical Appendix
LABEL Data labels
29 STATES AND ALL INDIA
LABEL
SOCIAL GROUP
ST SC OBC General
‘scheduled tribe’ ‘scheduled caste’ ‘other backward class’ ‘others’
(7 ‘low income states’ highlighted)
AI AP AR AS BH CG DL GA GJ HP HR JH JK KA KL MG MH MN MP MZ NL OD PJ RJ SK TN TR UK UP WB
All India Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Delhi Goa Gujarat Himachal Pradesh Haryana Jharkhand Jammu & Kashmir Karnataka Kerala Meghalaya Maharashtra Manipur Madhya Pradesh Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh West Bengal
Adjustments for split states In the year 2000, 3 large states namely, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh were each split to form two states each. Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand were the 3 new states created. The NSSO survey data allows us to separately estimate variables for ‘split’ states, enabling us to construct a consistent and comparable series of variables for the pre-split and post-split period. A consistent and comparable series for population and growth data is not available. Specifically - 1991 population census data for ‘split’ states is not available and GSDP series for ‘split’ states is only available for years after 2000. In order to create a consistent population series, the 1991 population estimates for the parent state have been divided in a way that mirrors the relative shares of the new states’ population in the parent state population in 2001. In order to create a consistent GSDP series, pre-2000 GSDP figures for the parent state have been divided in a way that preserves the relative shares of the new ‘ GSDP in the parent state GSDP for a ten year period after the year 2000. In the year 2014, the state of Telangana was carved out of Andhra Pradesh (AP), with the remaining portion of AP retaining the name of the parent state. Separate estimates for Telangana have not been published in the States Briefs. All state-level estimates for Andhra Pradesh correspond to AP and Telangana combined.
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