Karnataka Indicators at a Glance
KARNATAKA
ALL INDIA
POPULATION 1991
2001
2011
2011
Total population (million)
45
53
61
1211
Urban share (%)
31
34
39
31
Share of adults (% age 15+)
65
72
75
70
Child sex ratio (age 0-6)
960
946
948
919
1994
2005
2012
2012
POVERTY & INEQUALITY Poor (million) Poverty rate (%)
Gini coefficient
24
19
13
270
All
50
34
21
22
Rural
57
37
25
25
Urban
34
26
15
14
0.28
0.31
0.36
0.32
1994
2005
2012
2012
18,344
29,773
45,620
42,647
Agriculture
36
19
15
14
Industry
26
30
29
28
Services
38
51
55
57
All
INCOME & GROWTH Real GSDP per capita (2005 rupees) By sector (%)
Annual growth rate of real GSDP per capita (%)
1994 to 2005
2005 to 2012
2005 to 2012
4.5
6.3
6.7
JOBS Labor force participation rate (%)
Workers by sector (%)
Workers by wage-type (%)
1
June 20, 2017
1994
2005
2012
2012
All
69
68
57
56
Male
87
85
81
80
Female
52
51
33
31
Agriculture
66
63
50
49
Industry
14
15
19
24
Services
19
22
31
27
Self-Employed
52
47
48
52
Salaried
12
13
23
18
Casual Wage
35
39
30
30
Karnataka Indicators at a Glance
KARNATAKA
ALL INDIA
HEALTH 2001
2006
2013
2013
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)
266
213
133
167
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
58
48
31
40
Stunting (% age 0-5)
—
44*
34~
39~
1994
2005
2012
2012
Literate (% adults)
51
62
73
70
Secondary education and above (% adults)
19
25
40
32
INFRASTRUCTURE & AMENITIES Power
1994
2005
2012
2012
All
63
89
97
80
Rural
55
86
97
73
Urban
83
96
99
96
2008
2012
2012
All
46
55
56
Rural
31
36
46
Urban
71
82
77
All
51
45
44
Rural
75
71
60
Urban
11
9
9
Connectivity
2005
2012
2012
Road density - km. per million people
3,766
4,902
3,231
Road density - km. per 1,000 sq. km.
1,097
1,581
1,206
2012
2013
2014
2014
Debt to GSDP ratio (%)
30
32
31
51
Fiscal Deficit (% of GSDP)
2.7
2.8
3.1
4.4
Real GSDP growth rate (%)
3.7
6.1
7.2
6.9
EDUCATION
Electrification (% households)
Water and sanitation Drinking water on premises (% households)
Open defecation (% households)
RECENT GROWTH AND FISCAL PERFORMANCE
* NFHS III, ~ RSOC
2
June 20, 2017
Karnataka
Poverty, Growth & Inequality Karnataka is home to 61 million people of whom 13 million — or a little more than one fifth — are poor. Since 1994, the state has made steady progress in poverty reduction; however the pace of poverty reduction slowed down after 2005. Karnataka’s growth, driven mainly by services, also fell below the national average after 2005. Moreover, consumption inequality increased, a lot more in urban areas. Today, the state has one of the highest levels of consumption inequality in the country, and pockets in the north and the east of the state record a high incidence of poverty.
Poverty in Karnataka is close to the national average Population below poverty line, 2012 (%) 50
40
40 37
37
35
34
33
32
32 29
30
22
22
21
20
20
19
17
17
15
15 12
12
10
11
11
11
10
9
9
8
8
8 5
0 CG JH MN AR BH OD AS MP UP AI MZ KA WB NL MH GJ TR RJ MG TN UK HR JK DL AP SK
PJ
KL HP GA
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Districts in the north and east of Karnataka have very high poverty District level poverty, 2012
Patna
Population below the poverty line, 2012 (%)
N
1
June 20, 2017
0.6-5.2 0-10 5.3-13.2 10-16 13.3-17.2 16-23 17.3-22.6 23-36 22.7-62.8 36-47 No data
Karnataka
Poverty, Growth & Inequality Unlike many other states, there has been a steady decline in poverty in Karnataka since 1994 Population below poverty line, (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 MN JH BH OD AR AS CG KA MH UP AI TN AP MP WB RJ
● 1994
● 2005
GJ MG HR HP UK TR SK KL JK
● 2012
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
A steady decline in poverty in both rural and urban areas of Karnataka since 1994 Population below poverty line, (%) 60
50
Rural Total
40
57
50 37
30
Urban 34
20
34
25
26
10
21 15
0 1994
2
June 20, 2017
2005
2012
PJ
GA NL DL MZ
Karnataka
Poverty, Growth & Inequality 0
10
20
30
Annual decline in poverty rate, 2005 - 2012 (%)
-1
40
50
60
70
80
High poverty, declining slowly
AS
Growth in Karnataka after -3 2005 has been lower than the national average JH
Annual growth 2005- 2012 - 2012 Annual growthrate, rate, 2005 (%) (%)
11
CG
-5
9 8 7 6
WB
-9
BH
All India
Leading OD
GJ
Data for 19 large states and All India. Low Income States are highlighted in orange.
TN
HR
-11 KL PJ RJ
BH -13
5
Low poverty, UP declining fast
-17 Lagging
GJ
AP MH RJ
MH
KL HP
TN
HR
Interpreting the graph
KA
OD CGHP MP
-15
4
MP
KA
-7
Improving
10
UP
UK
UK
Improvement from 2005 to 2012
12
PJ
WB AP
JH AS
Weakening
3 2
0
Leading High income, high growth
Lagging Low income, low growth
Weakening High income, low growth
Standard of living, 2005
5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000
per capita, (2005 RealReal GSDPGSDP per capita, (2005 Rupees)
Improving Low income, high growth
Rupees) All India
Karnataka’s growth is driven mainly by services Annual growth rate, (%)
Components of GSDP growth rate, (%) 14 14
15 15
7.1
12 12 10 10
10 10
5
0
5
0 20052005 20062006 20072007 20082008 20092009 20102010 20112011 20122012
■ Karnataka GSDP
■ All India GDP
8
8
6
6
4
4
2
2
0
0
2.1
6.1
5.4
4.7
5.4
5.1
2.5 2.3
5.1
3.4
2.0
1.9
2.8
1.6 0.4
-0.5
1.1 0.6
3.9
2.6
-0.4
0.9 -1.1
-2 -2 2005200520062006200720072008200820092009201020102011201120122012
■ Services
3
June 20, 2017
■ Industry
■ Agriculture
Karnataka
Poverty, Growth & Inequality Since 2005, poverty reduction in Karnataka has been slower than in many advanced states Poverty rate, 2005
Annual decline in poverty rate, 2012 Annual decline in poverty rate,2005 2005 --2012 (%)(%)
0
10
20
30
-1
40
50
60
70
80
High poverty, declining slowly
AS
-3
JH CG UP
-5
MP
KA
-7
WB
-9
BH
All India
OD
Data for 19 large states and All India. Low Income States are highlighted in orange.
GJ HR
-11
RJ KL PJ
-13
TN
HP
-15
Low poverty, declining fast
MH
UK AP
-17
Karnataka’s share of India’s poor is equal to its share in the country’s total population bubble size: number of poor (millions)
UP
20
Data for 19 large states and All India. Low Income States are highlighted in yellow.
BH
15
What % of India’s poor lives in this state?
Stateshare share in poor, 20122012 (%) (%) State in India’s India’s poor,
25
MP
10
MH
JH
5
OD
HP
0
WB
RJ
CG GJ
AS
0
KA
HR KL UK PJ
5
TN
AP
10
15
20
State sharein inIndia’s India’s population, 20122012 (%) (%) State share population,
4
June 20, 2017
25
Interpreting the graph Share of poor > share of population
e ar Sh
or po of
e ar sh
of
n io at ul p po
=
Share of poor < share of population
What % of India’s population lives in this state?
Karnataka
Poverty, Growth & Inequality Consumption inequality has been increasing in Karnataka, especially in urban areas Gini coefficient 0.5 0.42
0.4
0.37
0.36
0.3
0.31
0.30
0.28 0.24
0.25
0.27
0.2
0.1
0.0 Total
Rural
■ 1994
■ 2005
Urban
■ 2012
Consumption inequality in Karnataka is among the highest in the country Gini coefficient, 2012 0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1 KL DL KA MH AR TN AI HR WB MP CG UP
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
5
June 20, 2017
PJ
HP GA UK AP GJ MZ OD JK JH RJ AS TR NL BH SK MG MN
Karnataka Jobs
People in Karnataka are increasingly moving away from farm jobs. Since 2005, most new jobs were created in the services sector, leading to an increase in the share of salaried jobs in the state. Despite this positive trend, overall job creation in the state after 2005 has not been enough to make up for the loss of millions of farm jobs. As a result, Karnataka ranked below most other states on job creation. The period after 2005 also saw a massive decline in the state’s female labor force participation, especially in rural areas.
Non-farm employment increased in Karnataka after 2005 Employment share by sector, (%) 100
34
37
50
80
60
66
■ Non-farm
63
■ Farm 50
40
20
0 1994
2005
2012
The share of non-farm employment in Karnataka is close to the national average Non-farm employment share, 2012 (%) 100
80
100
96
74
73 65
60
64
61
61
58
57 51
51
40
51
51
50
50
50
48
47
45
44
44
43
42
41
40
38
38 32
27
20
0 DL GA KL TR TN PJ MN WB JK HR GJ UK AI MH JH KA RJ UP AP MZ OD AS MG HP MP NL SK BH AR CG
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
1
June 20, 2017
Karnataka Jobs
With over a million jobs lost, Karnataka ranked below most states on job creation after 2005 Number of jobs added, 2005-2012 (mn)
Annual job growth, 2005-2012 (%)
WB UP RJ MH CG BH OD AP DL MP GJ TN
WB
1.8
UP
0.8
RJ
1.1
MH
0.5
CG
1.6
BH
0.5
OD
0.7
AP
0.3
DL
2.2
MP
0.4
GJ
0.3
TN
0.2
PJ
PJ
0.5
TR HP SK MG GA MZ MN AR AS KL JH HR NL UK KA
TR
4.4
-1
0
1
2
3
4
HP
1.3
SK
3.9
MG
0.7
GA
1.3
MZ
1.1
MN
0.1
AR
-0.1
AS
0.0
KL
-0.1
JH
-0.2
HR
-0.3
NL
-3.6
UK
-1.0
KA
-0.5
5
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
New jobs created by services in Karnataka after 2005, but millions lost in farming Number of jobs, (mn)
Annual job growth, 2005-2012 (%)
FARM
FARM
-4
THR
2
MANU
2
PUB
3
CONS
CONS
6
TRAN
TRAN
9
FIRB
9
MINE+UTIL
2
THR MANU PUB
FIRB MINE+UTIL
0
2
10
5
■ 2005 June 20, 2017
15
■ 2012
20
Karnataka Jobs
There was an increase in salaried jobs in Karnataka after 2005 Employment by wage type, (%) 100
39
30
80 Wage Labor
23
60
13 48
47
40
Self Employed
20
0 2005
■ Casual Wage
2012
■ Salaried
■ Self Employed
Nearly a fourth of Karnataka’s workers have salaried jobs, which is higher than in many other states Salaried jobs share, 2012 (%) 70 63
60
60
50 40 30
28
27
26
25
24
24
23
22
22
22
20 10
21
19
18
18
18
18
17
17
14
14
13
13
11
11
11
10
10 6
0 DL GA PJ MH TN GJ NL HR KA KL MZ SK JK AR HP AP AI UK WB MG MN AS RJ TR MP UP OD JH CG BH
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
3
June 20, 2017
Karnataka Jobs
Not enough jobs in Karnataka for the size of the working age population not in school, especially for females Million
Annual growth, 2005-2012 (%)
50 50
â&#x2013; 2005
â&#x2013; 2012
Working age population not in school
40 40 +4.1
30 30
-1.0
1.5
-0.5
All Workers
+1.6
20 20
1.3
Male Workers -2.6
10 10
Female Workers
-4.2
0 0
Working age population not in school
All Workers
Male Workers
Female Workers
-5 -5
-4 -4
-3 -3
-2 -2
-1 -1
0 0
1 1
Female labor force participation in Karnataka dropped sharply after 2005, largely in rural areas Labor force participation rate, (%) 100 89
88 82
80 81
80
78
Rural Male 60
62
Urban Male
62
Rural Female Urban Female
40 38
20
28
26
23
0 1993-94
4
June 20, 2017
2004-05
2011-12
2 2
Karnataka Gender
Karnataka’s progress on gender issues is mixed. On the bright side, the ratio of girls to boys is above the national average. And, today, the state records fewer maternal deaths than before. Moreover, more girls are in school than earlier, and one in three women has completed secondary school, which is higher than in the rest of the country. Nevertheless, gender disparities exist with regard to schooling, especially in rural areas. And rural women have fewer options to diversify into other kinds of jobs. In more recent years, a large number of rural women have withdrawn from the labor force. While fewer urban women work than urban men, nearly one in two among them have salaried jobs.
Karnataka’s child sex ratio is higher than the national average Child sex ratio, 2011 (age 0-6) females per 1,000 males 1,000 972 970 970 969
964 962
957 957 956
950
948 948
943 943 942 941 939 936 935 919 918
900
909
902
894 890 890 888 871
862 846
850
834
800 AR MG MZ CG KL AS SK TR WB KA JH NL TN GA OD AP MN BH AI MP HP UP MH GJ UK RJ DL JK
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
After a decade of decline, child sex ratio increased a little in Karnataka after 2001 Child sex ratio, (age 0-6) females per 1,000 males 1,000 960
950
946
948
2001
2011
900 850 800 1991
1
June 20, 2017
PJ HR
Karnataka Gender
Maternal mortality is improving in Karnataka Maternal mortality ratio maternal deaths per 100,000 live births 300
228
200
178 133
100
0 2003
2009
2013
Karnataka has fewer maternal deaths than in many other Indian states Maternal mortality ratio, 2013 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births 300
285 285
300
244 208 208
221 221 222
200 167
112 113
100 61
68
79
127 133
141
92
0 KL MH TN AP GJ WB HR KA PJ
AI BH JH MP CG OD RJ UP UK AS
Data for 19 large states and All India. Low income states are highlighted in orange and AI is All India.
2
June 20, 2017
Karnataka Gender
A third of Karnataka’s women have secondary school education, which is slightly higher than the national average Secondary education attainment among women, 2012 (% adults) 70 60
57 52
50
46
43
40
41
38
38
35
34
34
33
31
30
30
28
28
26
26
26
26 22
20
21
21
20
20
20 16
16
16
15
14
10 0 DL GA NL KL HP MN PJ MH TN HR KA UK MG MZ AR JK AP AI
GJ SK AS UP JH WB MP CG OD RJ BH TR
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
There are gender disparities in schooling among adults in Karnataka, rural women lag behind urban Education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 50
46
Rural Females 40
36
33
45
19
14
22
30
20
19
19
17
17
Urban Females 14 19
10
14
13
53
0
Males
■ Illiterate
3
Females
■ Literate or primary school completed
June 20, 2017
0
20
■ Middle school completed
40
60
80
100
■ Secondary school or higher completed
Karnataka Gender
Gender gaps in schooling are narrowing for the young in Karnataka Enrolled in education institutes, (%)
2005 14
6
21-23
8
Female
Male 24
20
18-20 15-17
4
Age
5
55
50
9-11
93
6-8
93
100
8
86
78
12-14
3
96 94
80
60
40
20
0
20
40
60
80
1 100
Enrolled in education institutes, (%)
2012 9
21-23
10
19
Female
Male 39
18-20 15-17
Age 100
June 20, 2017
81
93 99 92
6-8
4
10
72
12-14 9-11
49
9 95
2
96
-3
92
80
60
40
20
0
20
40
60
80
0 100
Karnataka Gender
Female labor force participation in Karnataka is similar to the national average Female labor force participation rate, 2012 (%) 70 63
60
63 55
55 49
50
47 43
40
41
40
38
38
37
37
36
33
30
33
32
32
31
31
30
27
25
25
25
24 19
20
17
15 9
10 0 HP SK CG MG MZ AP RJ NL TN MH AR TR UK MN KA OD JK KL AI MP GJ
PJ
JH WB UP GA HR AS DL BH
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
There was a massive decline in female labor force participation in Karnataka after 2005, specially in rural areas Labor force participation rate, (%) 100 89
88 82
80 81
80
78
Rural Male 60
62
Urban Male
62
Rural Female Urban Female
40 38
20
28
26
23
0 1993-94
5
June 20, 2017
2004-05
2011-12
Karnataka Gender
Women in rural Karnataka work mainly on the farm, more non-farm jobs for men Share of employed, 2012 (%) Rural Males
Rural Females
9
7
3
11
13 12 66
■ Farm - All
79
■ Non-farm Self Employed
■ Non-farm Salaried
■ Non-farm Casual Wage
One in two women workers have salaried jobs in urban Karnataka, greater self-employment among men Share of employed, 2012 (%) Urban Males
14
Urban Females
8
11
28
36 43
■ Farm - All
6
June 20, 2017
8
53
■ Non-farm Self Employed
■ Non-farm Salaried
■ Non-farm Casual Wage
Karnataka Social Inclusion
Karnataka displays uneven progress across social groups. Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes in particular have very high levels of poverty. In addition, they lag behind in schooling and access to salaried jobs. Moreover, open defecation among the Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes in Karnataka is higher than the national average. They also stand out for having poor access to drinking water in their homes.
Higher poverty among Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in Karnataka Population below poverty line, (%) 60
Households by Social Group, 2012 (%)
51
All India Karnataka Scheduled Tribe
9
5
Scheduled Caste
19
16
Other Backward Caste
43
52
General
29
26
Pace of poverty reduction
54
50 40
-7% per year
35
31
33 -7% per year
30
-8% per year
20
20
19
16 -4% per year
10 0 2005
■ Scheduled Tribe
2012
■ Scheduled Caste
■ Other Backward Caste
■ General
Poverty among Scheduled Castes in Karnataka is higher than in many other states SC population below poverty line, 2012 (%) 60 50 40
51
47
44
41
40
40
39 33
30
33
29
29
24
20
21
20
19
19
19
19
18
18
16
16
16
10
15
15
13
10 0
0 BH CG MN UP JH MP OD KA GA AI AS HR WB MH DL TN RJ
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
1
16
June 20, 2017
JK
GJ SK KL HP NL
0
PJ UK AR AP TR MG MZ
Karnataka Social Inclusion
Striking differences in schooling levels between social groups in Karnataka Education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 46
Scheduled Tribe
36
Scheduled Caste
18
General 0
18
15
20
■ Illiterate
17
21
27
Other Backward Caste
19
18
18
25
15
40
13
54
40
60
80
100
■ Literate or primary school completed
■ Middle school completed
■ Secondary school or higher completed
Fewer salaried jobs for the Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes in Karnataka Share of employed, 2012 (%) Scheduled Tribe
Scheduled Caste
23 40
48
59
18
12
■ Casual Wage ■ Salaried
Other Backward Caste
General
16
25 53 22
2
June 20, 2017
■ Self-employed
52 32
Karnataka Social Inclusion
More open defecation among the Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes in Karnataka Households practicing open defecation, 2012 (%) 100
76
80
69 60
60 45
59 44
44
48
40 28 21
20
0 All
Scheduled Tribe
Scheduled Caste
■ Karnataka
Other Backward Caste
General
■ All India
Poor access to drinking water for most social groups in Karnataka Households with drinking water on premises, 2012 (%) 100
80
60
72 56
55
54 41
39
40
69
58
44
27
20
0 All
Scheduled Tribe
■ Karnataka
3
June 20, 2017
Scheduled Caste
Other Backward Caste
■ All India
General
Karnataka Health and Education 60 50
Health and education40outcomes in Karnataka have been improving; nonetheless progress could be faster. As for health, on the positive side, infant mortality is below the national average, 30 and declining. However, malnutrition is high among the lower income groups. And, nearly one in every two households in Karnataka defecates in the open, with open defecation being even 20 higher among the lower income groups. In education, secondary school completion is higher in 10 Karnataka than in many other states. And, learning outcomes have remained close to the national 0 average. Moreover, enrollment in private schools has increased after 2012. Total Rural Urban Infant mortality has been declining in Karnataka Infant mortality rate Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births 60
53
48
40
36
34
31
24
20
■ 2006
0 Total
Rural
■ 2013
Urban
Karnataka’s infant mortality is lower than in many other states Infant mortality rate, 2013 Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births 60
50
46
40 31
30
18
20
10
9
10
21
22
24
24
31
32
32
35
35
36
26
26
PJ
TR KA WB AR UK HP MZ GJ
37
37
39
40
41
47
47
50
51
54
54
42
12
0 GA MN KL NL TN SK MH DL
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
1
June 20, 2017
JK JH AP AI HR BH CG MG RJ UP OD AS MP
Karnataka Health and Education
Malnutrition in Karnataka is lower than the national average Stunting in children <5 years, 2014 (%) 50
47
40
30
20
27
19
21
28
28
29
29
32
33
34
34
34
35
35
36
35
37
38
39
41
42
42
43
49
50
43
31
31
PJ
TR JK MN UK HP KA WB AP MH RJ HR OD AI AS MP GJ MG CG JH BH UP
23
10
0 KL GA TN MZ SK AR DL NL
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Malnutrition is high among lower income households in Karnataka Stunting in children <5 years, 2006 (%) 70 58
60 50
60 53
54
48
44
47
49 38
40
41
30
25
25
20 10 0
All
Quintile 1
Quintile 2
â&#x2013; Karnataka Latest stunting data by wealth class available for 2006.
2
June 20, 2017
Quintile 3
â&#x2013; All India
Quintile 4
Quintile 5
Karnataka Health and Education
Open defecation in Karnataka is close to the national average Households practicing open defecation, 2012 (%) 100
80 68 58
60
40
34
30
20
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
2
4
7
12
16
16
16
17
35
35
39
42
44
61
Households practicing open defecation, 2012(%) 26
43
59
90
80 77
74
60 57
40
45
41
20 10
0 All
Quintile 1
Quintile 2
â&#x2013; Access and use of latrine
3
June 20, 2017
61
JK AP TN AI KA RJ MP UP BH CG OD JH
More open defecation among lower income households in Karnataka
23
74
45
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
55
73
22
NL DL SK MZ MN TR KL MG GA AS AR PJ UK HR HP WB MH GJ
100
68
Quintile 3
Quintile 4
â&#x2013; Open defecation
Quintile 5
Karnataka Health and Education
Secondary school completion among adults in Karnataka is higher than in many states Secondary education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 70 62 58
60 52
50
47 38
40 30 20
18
21
24
24
25
25
25
26
26
27
28
30
32
32
32
32
34
40
39
41
43
43
48
43
34
10 0 TR OD CG BH WB RJ SK MP AS UP JH MZ GJ AR MG AI AP JK UK TN KA PJ MH KL HR HP MN NL GA DL
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
There are gains in schooling for the young in Karnataka Education attainment, (% age 18-30)
Enrollment by age cohort, (%)
60 60
57
33
45
53
15-17
+23 77
+24
Age
30 30
+4
22
18-20
40 40
24
22
21
20 20
10 10
10 14
21-23
50 50
15
82
12-14
94
+12
18
11
9-11
95
6-8
94
97 92
+2 -2
00 Illiterate Illiterate
Literateoror Middle Literate Middle primaryschool school completed completed primary completed completed
Secondary Secondary andabove above and
â&#x2013; 2005
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June 20, 2017
100 100
â&#x2013; 2012
80 80
60 60
40 40
20 20
00
20 20
40 40
60 60
80 80
100 100
Karnataka Health and Education
Public school enrollment in Karnataka is close to the national average Enrollment in public educational institutes, 2012 (%) 100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0% TR BH AR AS OD WB CG JH MZ SK HP MP GJ
■ All education levels
JK UK AI DL KA MG TN RJ MH HR AP UP NL
● Elementary
● Secondary and above
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Enrollment in private schools increased in Karnataka after 2012, more for the rich Enrollment in public educational institutes, 2012 (%) 100
94 84
80
87
82 76
73
74
72
59
60
44
40 29
20
45
0 All
Quintile 1
Quintile 2
■ 2005
5
June 20, 2017
Quintile 3
■ 2012
Quintile 4
Quintile 5
PJ MN KL GA
Karnataka Health and Education
Learning outcomes of children in Karnataka are similar to the national average Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, 2014 (%) 80
75
70
67
60 50 39
40 33
34
42
43
46
47
NL
SK AR UP TR
GJ
44
45
52
52
52
53
54
56
58
67
67
68
60
47
47
47
48
48
RJ
TN KA
AI
BH OD MZ CG WB MH AP MG UK KL MN PJ
34
30 20 10 0 AS MP JH
JK
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Learning outcomes have stagnated in Karnataka Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, (%) 100
80
60
40
20
■ Karnataka
■ All India
0 2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
*Data on learning outcomes available for rural areas only.
6
June 20, 2017
2012
2013
2014
HR HP
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS Demographics
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Population
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
Urban Share
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
Child Sex Ratio
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• Defined as the number of girls per 1,000 boys in the 0-6 age group.
Adults
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Individuals of age 15 years and above are classified as ‘adults’. • The NSSO conducts employment and unemployment surveys once every 5 years. The most recent survey data is available for the year 2011-12.
Working age population not in school
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Individuals of age 15 years and above that are currently not attending any educational institutes
Poor
Poverty lines based on the ‘Tendulkar’ poverty lines published by the former Planning Commission of India
• Households whose monthly per capita consumption expenditure is below the poverty line are classified as ‘poor’. • Poverty rate is the proportion of population that is counted as poor. • The number of poor is calculated by applying poverty rates, estimated using NSS data, to population estimates. Population for 1994 has been estimated by interpolating the 1991 and 2001 census population to January 1st of 1994. Similarly, population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to January 1st of 2005. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to noncensus years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). • The NSSO conducts consumption expenditure surveys once every 5 years. The most recent survey data is available for the year 2011-12.
• The population census is conducted once every 10 years. The most recent population census data available is for the year 2011.
Poverty Poverty rate
Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
Inequality Gini coefficient
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May 20, 2016
Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• The Gini coefficient measures the extent to which the distribution of consumption expenditure among households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. • Gini coefficient of 0 represents perfect equality, 1 implies perfect inequality. • Gini coefficient is estimated using survey data on monthly per capita consumption expenditure. Expenditure is adjusted for price differences between rural and urban areas within a state using the Tendulkar poverty lines.
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS Welfare distribution
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Consumption expenditure quintiles
Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Survey data on household consumption is used to estimate consumption expenditure quintiles within each state in India. Expenditure is adjusted for price differences between rural and urban areas within a state using the Tendulkar poverty lines.
Wealth Index quintiles
National Family Health Survey, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
• Survey data on asset ownership is used to construct a ‘wealth index’ which forms the basis for estimating wealth quintiles within each state in India.
Real GDP/GSDP growth rate
Central Statistical Office (CSO)
Real GDP/GSDP per capita
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• 2014 All-India estimate of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) corresponds to the 2011-12 base year (new series). All other All-India GDP and state GSDP estimates correspond to 2004-05 base year and 2004-05 prices (old series). • All estimates of GDP/GSDP are as of March 31st of the corresponding financial year. For e.g. the Real GSDP for the financial year 1993-94 is as on 31st March 1994. • Population for the years 1994 to 2011 has been estimated by interpolating census population to March 31st of the corresponding year. For example, population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to March 31st of 2005. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to March 31st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). • Growth rate of GSDP/ GDP across any two consecutive years is the simple growth rate. Growth rate over multiple years is the compounded annual growth rate (CAGR). • Composition of 3 main sectors of the economy (i) Agriculture/Farm - Agriculture, forestry and fishing (ii) Industry - Mining, manufacturing, utilities, construction (iii) Services – Trade, transport, storage, communication, financial services, real estate, professional services • Components of GSDP growth rate represent the contribution of a sector to overall GSDP growth rate. This is estimated by the ratio of increase in value added in a sector to increase in overall value added and multiplying the ratio with the GSDP growth rate.
Income & Growth
Components of GSDP growth rate
Fiscal
2
Debt
Controller General of Accounts (CGA)
Fiscal Deficit
Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
May 20, 2016
• Debt is the government’s outstanding liabilities. • Fiscal deficit is the difference between the total revenue and total expenditure of the government in the financial year. • Both are expressed as a ratio of the nominal GDP/ GSDP (market prices).
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Jobs Labor force participation rate
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Adult individuals are classified as part of the labor force if they are working (i.e. engaged in economic activity) or if they have been seeking work or have been available for work for a minimum of 6 months during the 365 days preceding the date of survey. This is otherwise known as the “usual status” definition of the labor force.
Workers/Employed/Number of jobs
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• Members of the labor force are classified as ‘workers’ if they are working (i.e. engaged in economic activity) for a minimum of 30 days during the 365 days preceding the date of survey. This is otherwise known as the “usual status” definition of the work force. • The number of jobs/workers is arrived at by applying worker participation rates to population estimates. The ‘number of jobs’ estimate corresponds to the ‘number of workers’. • Population for 1994 and 2005 has been estimated by interpolating census population to January 1st of the corresponding year. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). • Job growth over a certain period is the compounded annual growth rate (CAGR). • Classification of workers by sector (i) Agriculture/Farm - Agriculture, forestry and fishing (ii) Industry - Mining, manufacturing, utilities, construction (iii) Services – Trade, transport, storage, communication, financial services, real estate, professional services • Classification of workers by wage-type (i) Self-employed – Own account workers, employers and unpaid family workers (ii) Salaried –workers with regular salary (iii) Casual wage – workers with causal wages • The categories - ‘farm all’, ‘non-farm self’, ‘non-farm salaried’, ‘non-farm casual’ are a combination of the sector of work and the type of wage earned. • A further disaggregated classification of workers by sector FARM – Agriculture/ farming CONS – Construction THR – Trade, hotels and restaurants MANU – Manufacturing PUB - Community, social and personal services TRAN - Transport, storage and communication FIRB - Financing, insurance, real estate and business services MINE+UTIL – Mining & quarrying + Utilities • Classification of workers by wage-type (i) Self-employed – Own account workers, employers and unpaid family workers (ii) Salaried –workers with regular salary (iii) Casual wage – workers with causal wages • The categories - ‘farm all’, ‘non-farm self’, ‘non-farm salaried’, ‘non-farm casual’ are a combination of the sector of work and the type of wage earned.
Job growth Workers by sector/wage-type
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May 20, 2016
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Education Literacy Education attainment
Enrollment Public educational institutes
Learning: Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, 2014 (%)
4
May 20, 2016
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• ‘Literate’ – includes those who have received both formal and informal schooling. • Education levels explained (i) ‘Illiterate’ – individuals who are not literate. (ii) ‘Literate or primary school completed’ – includes individuals who have completed primary school as well as those are literate but have not completed primary school. (iii) ‘Middle completed’ – individuals who have completed middle school. (iv) ‘Secondary and above’ – individuals who have completed secondary schooling or any level higher. Includes individuals who have completed higher secondary, diploma or certificate course or a graduate, postgraduate or higher degree.
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Includes all those currently attending formal primary schooling and above. • Public educational institutes include those that are run by the state/ central governments or by local bodies. This excludes any kind of privately owned and run institutes including private aided institutes.
Annual Status of Education Report (ASER), Trends over time 2006-2014, ASER Centre/ Pratham
• Data available for rural areas only
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Health Maternal mortality ratio
Sample Registration System, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• Maternal mortality ratio is derived as the proportion of maternal deaths per 1,00,000 live births reported. • Data for 3 years is pooled to enhance sample size and yield more reliable estimates. • For states split after the year 2000, i.e. Bihar and Jharkhand; Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand; Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, MMR is estimated jointly.
Infant mortality rate
Sample Registration System, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• Infant mortality rate is the number of infant deaths (children aged 1 year or less) per 1,000 live births.
Malnutrition: Stunting
National Family Health Survey (NFHS), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
• ‘Stunting’ defined as percentage of children below age 5 who are short for their age. • Data for 2006 is from the NFHS and for 2014 is from the RSOC. Though both provide stunting estimates for children below age 5 the numbers for 2006 and 2014 may not be strictly comparable due to differences in survey methodology.
Rapid Survey on Children (RSOC), Ministry of Women and Child Development
Infrastructure & Amenities Electrification
Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• ‘Electrification’ defined as the proportion of households using electricity as primary source of energy for lighting.
Road density
Basic Roads Statistics, Transport Research Wing, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
• Road density has been defined as road length per million people and road length per 1,000 sq. km. • Road length estimates correspond to ‘total road length’ data published in the Basic Roads Statistics report. • Population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to January 1st of 2005. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). • Land area estimates have been taken from the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.
Drinking water on premises
Survey of drinking water, sanitation, hygiene and housing condition conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• The most recent survey data is available for the year 2012.
Open defecation Access to latrine
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May 20, 2016
Technical Appendix
LABEL Data labels
29 STATES AND ALL INDIA
LABEL
SOCIAL GROUP
ST SC OBC General
‘scheduled tribe’ ‘scheduled caste’ ‘other backward class’ ‘others’
(7 ‘low income states’ highlighted)
AI AP AR AS BH CG DL GA GJ HP HR JH JK KA KL MG MH MN MP MZ NL OD PJ RJ SK TN TR UK UP WB
All India Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Delhi Goa Gujarat Himachal Pradesh Haryana Jharkhand Jammu & Kashmir Karnataka Kerala Meghalaya Maharashtra Manipur Madhya Pradesh Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh West Bengal
Adjustments for split states In the year 2000, 3 large states namely, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh were each split to form two states each. Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand were the 3 new states created. The NSSO survey data allows us to separately estimate variables for ‘split’ states, enabling us to construct a consistent and comparable series of variables for the pre-split and post-split period. A consistent and comparable series for population and growth data is not available. Specifically - 1991 population census data for ‘split’ states is not available and GSDP series for ‘split’ states is only available for years after 2000. In order to create a consistent population series, the 1991 population estimates for the parent state have been divided in a way that mirrors the relative shares of the new states’ population in the parent state population in 2001. In order to create a consistent GSDP series, pre-2000 GSDP figures for the parent state have been divided in a way that preserves the relative shares of the new ‘ GSDP in the parent state GSDP for a ten year period after the year 2000. In the year 2014, the state of Telangana was carved out of Andhra Pradesh (AP), with the remaining portion of AP retaining the name of the parent state. Separate estimates for Telangana have not been published in the States Briefs. All state-level estimates for Andhra Pradesh correspond to AP and Telangana combined.
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May 20, 2016