Uttarakhand Indicators at a Glance
UTTARAKHAND
ALL INDIA
POPULATION 1991
2001
2011
2011
Total population (million)
7
8
10
1211
Urban share (%)
24
26
30
31
Share of adults (% age 15+)
63
66
69
70
Child sex ratio (age 0-6)
948
908
890
919
1994
2005
2012
2012
POVERTY & INEQUALITY Poor (million) Poverty rate (%)
Gini coefficient
2
3
1
270
All
34
33
11
22
Rural
37
35
12
25
Urban
19
26
10
14
0.25
0.27
0.29
0.32
1994
2005
2012
2012
17,968
27,251
59,327
42,647
Agriculture
39
22
11
14
Industry
25
28
37
28
Services
37
50
52
57
All
INCOME & GROWTH Real GSDP per capita (2005 rupees) By sector (%)
Annual growth rate of real GSDP per capita (%)
1994 to 2005
2005 to 2012
2005 to 2012
3.9
11.8
6.7
JOBS Labor force participation rate (%)
Workers by sector (%)
Workers by wage-type (%)
1994
2005
2012
2012
All
75
67
54
56
Male
81
81
72
80
Female
69
54
37
31
Agriculture
75
66
49
49
Industry
8
12
22
24
Services
17
22
29
27
Self-Employed
80
75
69
52
Salaried
13
14
18
18
8
11
13
30
Casual Wage
1
June 20, 2017
Uttarakhand Indicators at a Glance
UTTARAKHAND
ALL INDIA
HEALTH 2001
2006
2013
2013
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)
539
440
285
167
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
48
43
32
40
Stunting (% age 0-5)
—
44*
34~
39~
1994
2005
2012
2012
Literate (% adults)
56
67
77
70
Secondary education and above (% adults)
23
30
38
32
INFRASTRUCTURE & AMENITIES Power
1994
2005
2012
2012
All
49
74
95
80
Rural
36
67
95
73
Urban
95
94
98
96
2008
2012
2012
All
56
61
56
Rural
47
55
46
Urban
87
86
77
All
42
16
44
Rural
54
20
60
Urban
3
2
9
Connectivity
2005
2012
2012
Road density - km. per million people
3,932
5,143
3,231
Road density - km. per 1,000 sq. km.
667
984
1,206
2012
2013
2014
2014
Debt to GSDP ratio (%)
23
22
22
51
Fiscal Deficit (% of GSDP)
1.9
1.5
2.6
4.4
Real GSDP growth rate (%)
9.4
7.4
8.4
6.9
EDUCATION
Electrification (% households)
Water and sanitation Drinking water on premises (% households)
Open defecation (% households)
RECENT GROWTH AND FISCAL PERFORMANCE
* NFHS III, ~ RSOC
2
June 20, 2017
Uttarakhand
Poverty, Growth & Inequality Uttarakhand is one India’s fastest growing states. The state’s economic growth is mainly driven by the non-farm sectors of the economy. Poverty reduction in the state was among the most rapid in the country after 2005. In spite of this, some of Uttarakhand’s central and southern districts record higher levels of poverty than its other regions. Consumption inequality has been increasing in the state, especially in urban areas.
Poverty in Uttarakhand is lower than in many other Indian states Population below poverty line, 2012 (%) 50
40
40 37
37
35
34
33
32
32 29
30
22
22
21
20
20
19
17
17
15
15 12
12
10
11
11
11
10
9
9
8
8
8 5
0 CG JH MN AR BH OD AS MP UP AI MZ KA WB NL MH GJ TR RJ MG TN UK HR JK DL AP SK
PJ
KL HP GA
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Central and southern districts have higher poverty than the rest in Uttarakhand District level poverty, 2012 Patna
Population below the poverty line, 2012 (%)
N
1
June 20, 2017
0.6-5.2 1-8 5.3-13.2 8-10 13.3-17.2 10-13 17.3-22.6 13-19 22.7-62.8 19-21
Uttarakhand
Poverty, Growth & Inequality Uttarakhand experienced one of the fastest declines in poverty in the country after 2005 Population below poverty line, (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 MN JH BH OD AR AS CG KA MH UP AI TN AP MP WB RJ
● 1994
● 2005
GJ MG HR HP UK TR SK KL JK
PJ
GA NL DL MZ
● 2012
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Poverty increased in urban areas of Uttarakhand between 1994 and 2005, but thereafter declined rapidly in all areas Population below poverty line, (%) 40 Rural Total
37 35 34
30
33
26
20
Urban 19 12 11
10 10
0 1994
2
June 20, 2017
2005
2012
Uttarakhand
Poverty, Growth & Inequality 0
10
20
30
Annual decline in poverty rate, 2005 - 2012 (%)
-1
40
50
60
70
80
High poverty, declining slowly
AS
Growth in Uttarakhand has been the highest in the country since 2005 -3 JH
Annual growth 2005- 2012 - 2012 Annual growthrate, rate, 2005 (%) (%)
11
CG
-5
9 8 7 6
WB
-9
All India
GJ HR
-11 KL PJ RJ
BH -13
Data for 19 large states and All India. Low Income States are highlighted in orange.
Low poverty, UP declining fast
GJ
AP MH RJ
MH
KL HP
TN
HR
Interpreting the graph
KA
OD CGHP MP
-17 Lagging
4
BH
Leading OD TN
-15
5
MP
KA
-7
Improving
10
UP
UK
UK
Improvement from 2005 to 2012
12
PJ
WB AP
JH AS
Weakening
3 2
0
Leading High income, high growth
Lagging Low income, low growth
Weakening High income, low growth
Standard of living, 2005
5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000
per capita, (2005 RealReal GSDPGSDP per capita, (2005 Rupees)
Improving Low income, high growth
Rupees) All India
Uttarakhand’s growth is driven by the non-farm sectors of its economy Annual growth rate, (%)
Components of GSDP growth rate, (%) 20 20
20 20
10.1
15 15
15 15
7.3 5.6
10 10
5
6.3
10.1
8.9
10 10
4.7 5.0
5
5
7.7
6.4
7.7
6.8
5 4.3
0
0 20052005 20062006 20072007 20082008 20092009 20102010 20112011 20122012
■ Uttarakhand GSDP
■ All India GDP
2.3
0
0
-5
-5
0.9 -0.7
1.2
0.4
4.5
4.8
4.4
0.5
0.5
-0.5
2005200520062006200720072008200820092009201020102011201120122012
■ Services
3
June 20, 2017
■ Industry
■ Agriculture
Uttarakhand
Poverty, Growth & Inequality Poverty reduction in Uttarakhand was among the fastest in the country after 2005 Poverty rate, 2005
Annual decline in poverty rate, 2012 Annual decline in poverty rate,2005 2005 --2012 (%)(%)
0
10
20
30
-1
40
50
60
70
80
High poverty, declining slowly
AS
-3
JH CG UP
-5
MP
KA
-7
WB
-9
BH
All India
OD
Data for 19 large states and All India. Low Income States are highlighted in orange.
GJ HR
-11
RJ KL PJ
-13
TN
HP
-15
Low poverty, declining fast
MH
UK AP
-17
A very small share of India’s poor live in Uttarakhand bubble size: number of poor (millions)
UP
20
Data for 19 large states and All India. Low Income States are highlighted in yellow.
BH
15
What % of India’s poor lives in this state?
Stateshare share in poor, 20122012 (%) (%) State in India’s India’s poor,
25
MP
10
MH
JH
5
OD
HP
0
WB
RJ
CG GJ
AS
0
KA
HR KL UK PJ
5
TN
AP
10
15
20
State sharein inIndia’s India’s population, 20122012 (%) (%) State share population,
4
June 20, 2017
25
Interpreting the graph Share of poor > share of population
e ar Sh
or po of
e ar sh
of
n io at ul p po
=
Share of poor < share of population
What % of India’s population lives in this state?
Uttarakhand
Poverty, Growth & Inequality Consumption inequality is increasing in Uttarakhand, a lot more in urban areas Gini coefficient 0.4 0.35 0.32
0.3 0.25
0.27
0.29 0.23
0.24
0.26
0.26
0.2
0.1
0.0 Total
Rural
■ 1994
■ 2005
Urban
■ 2012
Consumption inequality in Uttarakhand is below the national average Gini coefficient, 2012 0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1 KL DL KA MH AR TN AI HR WB MP CG UP
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
5
June 20, 2017
PJ
HP GA UK AP GJ MZ OD JK JH RJ AS TR NL BH SK MG MN
Uttarakhand Jobs
Large numbers of Uttarakhand’s people are shifting away from farm jobs to other kinds of work. As a result, today, the share of those engaged in non-farm work in Uttarakhand is similar to the national average. However, the overall job growth in the state has been negative since 2005. Moreover, the share of workers with salaried jobs remains quite low. The non-farm sectors of Uttarakhand’s economy are not creating enough jobs to absorb the growing size of its population that is not in school. This is especially so for the state’s women, who’s participation in the labor force has been declining since 1994.
People in Uttarakhand are increasingly taking up non-farm work Employment share by sector, (%) 100
25
34
51
80 75
60
■ Non-farm
66
40
■ Farm
49
20 0 1994
2005
2012
Non-farm employment in Uttarakhand is similar to the national average Non-farm employment share, 2012 (%) 100
80
100
96
74
73 65
60
64
61
61
58
57 51
51
40
51
51
50
50
50
48
47
45
44
44
43
42
41
40
38
38 32
27
20
0 DL GA KL TR TN PJ MN WB JK HR GJ UK AI MH JH KA RJ UP AP MZ OD AS MG HP MP NL SK BH AR CG
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
1
June 20, 2017
Uttarakhand Jobs
Uttarakhand ranks below most states in job creation after 2005 Number of jobs added, 2005-2012 (mn)
Annual job growth, 2005-2012 (%)
WB UP RJ MH CG BH OD AP DL MP GJ TN
WB
1.8
UP
0.8
RJ
1.1
MH
0.5
CG
1.6
BH
0.5
OD
0.7
AP
0.3
DL
2.2
MP
0.4
GJ
0.3
TN
0.2
PJ
PJ
0.5
TR HP SK MG GA MZ MN AR AS KL JH HR NL UK KA
TR
4.4
-1
0
1
2
3
4
HP
1.3
SK
3.9
MG
0.7
GA
1.3
MZ
1.1
MN
0.1
AR
-0.1
AS
0.0
KL
-0.1
JH
-0.2
HR
-0.3
NL
-3.6
UK
-1.0
KA
-0.5
5
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Jobs created in the non-farm sectors of Uttarakhand after 2005 were not enough to off set the jobs lost in farming Number of jobs, (mn)
Annual job growth, 2005-2012 (%)
FARM
FARM
-5
PUB
PUB
-2
THR
THR
6
CONS
CONS
7
MANU
MANU
8
TRAN
TRAN
7
FIRB
3
MINE+UTIL
5
FIRB MINE+UTIL
0.0
2
June 20, 2017
0.5
1.0
■ 2005
1.5
2.0
■ 2012
2.5
3.0
Uttarakhand Jobs
A slight increase in wage employment in Uttarakhand after 2005 Employment by wage type, (%) 100
11
13
14
Wage Labor
18
80 75
69
60
40
Self Employed
20
0 2005
■ Casual Wage
2012
■ Salaried
■ Self Employed
The share of workers with salaried jobs in Uttarakhand is similar to the national average Salaried jobs share, 2012 (%) 70 63
60
60
50 40 30
28
27
26
25
24
24
23
22
22
22
20 10
21
19
18
18
18
18
17
17
14
14
13
13
11
11
11
10
10 6
0 DL GA PJ MH TN GJ NL HR KA KL MZ SK JK AR HP AP AI UK WB MG MN AS RJ TR MP UP OD JH CG BH
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
3
June 20, 2017
Uttarakhand Jobs
Not enough jobs for the growing size of working age population in Uttarakhand, especially for females Million
Annual growth, 2005-2012 (%)
88
â&#x2013; 2005 66
â&#x2013; 2012
Working age population not in school
1.9
+0.7 -1.0
All Workers
-0.3 44
0.5
Male Workers
+0.1 -0.3
22
Female Workers
-3.4
00
Working age population not in school
All Workers
Male Workers
Female Workers
-6-6
-5-5
-4-4
-3-3
-2-2
-1-1
00
11
22
Sharp decline in female labor force participation in Uttarakhand since 1994, especially in rural areas Labor force participation rate, (%) 100 83
80
82
80
74 73
76 71 66
60
Rural Male Urban Male Rural Female
40
20
44
22
20 15
0 1993-94
4
June 20, 2017
2004-05
2011-12
Urban Female
Uttarakhand Gender
Uttarakhand’s women face many barriers to progress. The state’s child sex ratio, already lower than in most other states, is getting worse. By contrast, maternal mortality, which is among the highest in the country, is improving. While more adult women in Uttarakhand have completed secondary school than the national average, they lag behind the state’s adult men in schooling. Today, more and more of the state’s women are withdrawing from the labor force. This is especially true in rural areas where women predominantly work in farming. Very few urban women work but, where they do, the type of jobs they hold are similar to those held by men.
Uttarakhand’s child sex ratio is among the lowest in the country Child sex ratio, 2011 (age 0-6) females per 1,000 males 1,000 972 970 970 969
964 962
957 957 956
950
948 948
943 943 942 941 939 936 935 919 918
900
909
902
894 890 890 888 871
862 846
850
834
800 AR MG MZ CG KL AS SK TR WB KA JH NL TN GA OD AP MN BH AI MP HP UP MH GJ UK RJ DL JK
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Child sex ratio has been worsening in Uttarakhand Child sex ratio, (age 0-6) females per 1,000 males 1,000
950
948 908 890
900
850
800 1991
1
June 20, 2017
2001
2011
PJ HR
Uttarakhand Gender
Maternal mortality is declining in Uttarakhand Maternal mortality ratio maternal deaths per 100,000 live births 600 517
500 400
359 285
300 200 100 0 2003
2009
2013
Uttarakhand has one of the highest maternal mortality ratios in the country Maternal mortality ratio, 2013 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births 300
285 285
300
244 208 208
221 221 222
200 167
112 113
100 61
68
79
127 133
141
92
0 KL MH TN AP GJ WB HR KA PJ
AI BH JH MP CG OD RJ UP UK AS
Data for 19 large states and All India. Low income states are highlighted in orange and AI is All India.
2
June 20, 2017
Uttarakhand Gender
The share of women with secondary schooling in Uttarakhand is above the national average Secondary education attainment among women, 2012 (% adults) 70 60
57 52
50
46
43
40
41
38
38
35
34
34
33
31
30
30
28
28
26
26
26
26 22
20
21
21
20
20
20 16
16
16
15
14
10 0 DL GA NL KL HP MN PJ MH TN HR KA UK MG MZ AR JK AP AI
GJ SK AS UP JH WB MP CG OD RJ BH TR
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Gender disparities in schooling among adults in Uttarakhand, rural women lag behind urban Education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 50
45
Rural Females 40 33
37
31
23
16
24
30 23 19
20
21
Urban Females 15
13
22
15
12
51
10
0
Males
■ Illiterate
3
Females
■ Literate or primary school completed
June 20, 2017
0
20
■ Middle school completed
40
60
80
100
■ Secondary school or higher completed
Uttarakhand Gender
Gender gaps in schooling are narrowing for the young Enrolled in education institutes, (%)
2005 21-23
25
13
Female
12 50
39
18-20 15-17
Male 11 74
Age
66
8
100
80
4
90
86
6-8
1
94
93
9-11
7
89
82
12-14
60
40
20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Enrolled in education institutes, (%)
2012
15-17
100
June 20, 2017
69
14 5
91
97
96
99
-1 0
99 93
6-8
4
Male
86
Age 9-11
1
37
55
18-20
12-14
36
Female
21-23
96
80
60
40
20
0
20
40
60
80
3 100
Uttarakhand Gender
Female labor force participation in Uttarakhand is above the national average Female labor force participation rate, 2012 (%) 70 63
60
63 55
55 49
50
47 43
40
41
40
38
38
37
37
36
33
30
33
32
32
31
31
30
27
25
25
25
24 19
20
17
15 9
10 0 HP SK CG MG MZ AP RJ NL TN MH AR TR UK MN KA OD JK KL AI MP GJ
PJ
JH WB UP GA HR AS DL BH
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Sharp decline in female labor force participation in Uttarakhand since 1994, especially in rural areas Labor force participation rate, (%) 100 83
80
82
80
74 73
76 71 66
60
Rural Male Urban Male Rural Female
40
20
44
22
20 15
0 1993-94
5
June 20, 2017
2004-05
2011-12
Urban Female
Uttarakhand Gender
Rural women in Uttarakhand work mainly in farming, more non-farm jobs for rural men Share of employed, 2012 (%) Rural Males
Rural Females
5
16
31
42
16
91 26
■ Farm - All
■ Non-farm Self Employed
■ Non-farm Salaried
■ Non-farm Casual Wage
When urban women work, they do similar jobs as urban men Share of employed, 2012 (%) Urban Males
9
39
■ Farm - All
6
June 20, 2017
Urban Females
4
4
48
■ Non-farm Self Employed
8
42 45
■ Non-farm Salaried
■ Non-farm Casual Wage
Uttarakhand Social Inclusion
Some of Uttarakhand’s social groups have experienced more progress than others. While all social groups have experienced a similar pace of poverty reduction after 2005, some among them, mainly the Scheduled Castes, stand out for their higher levels of open defecation and lower access to drinking water than others. In addition, social groups differ in their levels of schooling and access to salaried jobs, with those from the General category outperforming others.
Poverty declined sharply across all social groups in Uttarakhand after 2005 Population below poverty line, (%) 50
Households by Social Group, 2012 (%)
46
All India Uttarakhand
41
40
Scheduled Tribe
9
4
Scheduled Caste
19
20
Other Backward Caste
43
17
General
29
59
Pace of poverty reduction
33
30
-15% -12% per per year year
25
20
15
13
16 -13% per year 8 -15% per year
10
0 2005
■ Scheduled Tribe
2012
■ Scheduled Caste
■ Other Backward Caste
■ General
Poverty among the Scheduled Castes in Uttarakhand is lower than in most other states SC population below poverty line, 2012 (%) 60 50 40
51
47
44
41
40
40
39 33
30
33
29
29
24
20
21
20
19
19
19
19
18
18
16
16
16
10
15
15
13
10 0
0 BH CG MN UP JH MP OD KA GA AI AS HR WB MH DL TN RJ
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
1
16
June 20, 2017
JK
GJ SK KL HP NL
0
PJ UK AR AP TR MG MZ
Uttarakhand Social Inclusion
More schooling for those belonging to the General category in Uttarakhand Education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 24
Scheduled Tribe
15
24
29
Scheduled Caste
26
31
Other Backward Caste
19
General 0
37
25
16
20
■ Illiterate
21
24
19
24
18
47
40
60
80
100
■ Literate or primary school completed
■ Middle school completed
■ Secondary school or higher completed
Fewer salaried jobs for the Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes than others in Uttarakhand Share of employed, 2012 (%) Scheduled Tribe
Scheduled Caste
8 9
27 63
10
83
■ Casual Wage ■ Salaried Other Backward Caste
General
■ Self-employed
7
18 21 18
2
June 20, 2017
64
72
Uttarakhand Social Inclusion
The Scheduled Castes defecate more in the open than other groups in Uttarakhand Households practicing open defecation, 2012 (%) 100
80 69 59
60 49
44
48
40
20
33 21
20
16
8
0 All
Scheduled Tribe
Scheduled Caste
■ Uttarakhand
Other Backward Caste
General
■ All India
Lower access to drinking water for the Scheduled Castes than others in Uttarakhand Households with drinking water on premises, 2012 (%) 100
80
60
61
61
56
66
69
58
50 44
40
33 27
20
0 All
Scheduled Tribe
Scheduled Caste
■ Uttarakhand
3
June 20, 2017
Other Backward Caste
■ All India
General
Uttarakhand Health and Education 60
Health issues in Uttarakhand have shown mixed progress. While the state’s infant mortality rate, 50 which is already lower than the national average, is declining, malnutrition levels among most 40 households remain high. And although open defecation is more prevalent among the poor, the 30 overall rates in Uttarakhand are lower than in most other Indian states. As for education, more of Uttarakhand’s adults 20 have completed secondary school than in many other states, and a larger share of its children are now in school than before. But, while it is heartening to note that the 10 state ranks high on learning outcomes, these levels have stagnated in recent times. Incidentally, 0 enrollment in the state’s public school remains high, especially among the low income households. Total
Rural
Urban
Infant mortality is declining in Uttarakhand Infant mortality rate Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births 60
54
50
43
40
34
32
30
22
22
20 10
■ 2006
0 Total
Rural
■ 2013
Urban
Uttarakhand’s infant mortality is lower than the national average Infant mortality rate, 2013 Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births 60
50
46
40 31
30
18
20
10
9
10
21
22
24
24
31
32
32
35
35
36
26
26
PJ
TR KA WB AR UK HP MZ GJ
37
37
39
40
41
47
47
50
51
54
54
42
12
0 GA MN KL NL TN SK MH DL
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
1
June 20, 2017
JK JH AP AI HR BH CG MG RJ UP OD AS MP
Uttarakhand Health and Education
Malnutrition in Uttarakhand is below the national average Stunting in children <5 years, 2014 (%) 50
47
40
30
20
27
19
21
28
28
29
29
33
32
34
34
34
35
35
35
36
37
38
39
41
42
42
43
49
50
43
31
31
PJ
TR JK MN UK HP KA WB AP MH RJ HR OD AI AS MP GJ MG CG JH BH UP
23
10
0 KL GA TN MZ SK AR DL NL
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Barring the rich, malnutrition is higher than the national average for most households in Uttarakhand Stunting in children <5 years, 2006 (%) 70 62
60 50
63
60
54
53 49
48 44
46 41
40 30 22
25
20 10 0
All
Quintile 1
Quintile 2
â&#x2013; Uttarakhand Latest stunting data by wealth class available for 2006.
2
June 20, 2017
Quintile 3
â&#x2013; All India
Quintile 4
Quintile 5
Uttarakhand Health and Education
Open defecation in Uttarakhand is lower than in most other states Households practicing open defecation, 2012 (%) 100
80 68 58
60
40
34
30
20
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
2
4
7
12
16
16
16
17
35
35
39
42
44
61
Households practicing open defecation, 2012(%) 71
75
93
99
7
1
Quintile 4
Quintile 5
80
60
40
42 29
20
25
16
0 All
Quintile 1
Quintile 2
â&#x2013; Access and use of latrine
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June 20, 2017
61
JK AP TN AI KA RJ MP UP BH CG OD JH
Open defecation is higher among the poor than the rich in Uttarakhand
58
74
45
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
84
73
22
NL DL SK MZ MN TR KL MG GA AS AR PJ UK HR HP WB MH GJ
100
68
Quintile 3
â&#x2013; Open defecation
Uttarakhand Health and Education
The share of adults with secondary school education in Uttarakhand is higher than the national average Secondary education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 70 62 58
60 52
50
47 38
40 30 20
48
18
21
24
24
25
25
25
26
26
27
28
30
32
32
32
32
34
39
40
43
41
43
43
34
10 0 TR OD CG BH WB RJ SK MP AS UP JH MZ GJ AR MG AI AP JK UK TN KA PJ MH KL HR HP MN NL GA DL
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Since 2005, significant progress in schooling for the young in Uttarakhand Education attainment, (% age 18-30)
Enrollment by age cohort, (%)
70 70 59
60 60 50 50
+18 63
+18
70
+19
89
Age
15-17
30 30
10 10
36
45
18-20
44
40 40
20 20
18
21-23
12-14
86
96
+10
21
19
16
16
17
9-11
8
6-8
99
93 88
95
+6 +7
00 Illiterate Illiterate
Literateoror Middle Literate Middle primaryschool school completed completed primary completed completed
Secondary Secondary andabove above and
â&#x2013; 2005
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June 20, 2017
100 100
â&#x2013; 2012
80 80
60 60
40 40
20 20
00
20 20
40 40
60 60
80 80
100 100
Uttarakhand Health and Education
Public school enrollment in Uttarakhand is close to the national average Enrollment in public educational institutes, 2012 (%) 100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0% TR BH AR AS OD WB CG JH MZ SK HP MP GJ
■ All education levels
JK UK AI DL KA MG TN RJ MH HR AP UP NL
● Elementary
PJ MN KL GA
● Secondary and above
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Private school enrollment is increasing mainly among high income households in Uttarakhand Enrollment in public educational institutes, 2012 (%) 100 83
87
80 71
79
80
80
73
69
71 58
60
51
40
34
20
0 All
Quintile 1
Quintile 2
■ 2005
5
June 20, 2017
Quintile 3
■ 2012
Quintile 4
Quintile 5
Uttarakhand Health and Education
Learning outcomes in Uttarakhand are higher than in most other states Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, 2014 (%) 80
75
70
67
60 50 39
40 33
34
42
43
46
47
NL
SK AR UP TR
GJ
44
45
52
52
52
53
54
56
58
67
67
68
60
47
47
47
48
48
RJ
TN KA
AI
BH OD MZ CG WB MH AP MG UK KL MN PJ
34
30 20 10 0 AS MP JH
JK
Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.
Learning outcomes have stagnated in Uttarakhand Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, (%) 100
80
60
40
20
■ Uttarakhand
■ All India
0 2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
*Data on learning outcomes available for rural areas only.
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June 20, 2017
2012
2013
2014
HR HP
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS Demographics
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Population
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
Urban Share
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
Child Sex Ratio
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• Defined as the number of girls per 1,000 boys in the 0-6 age group.
Adults
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Individuals of age 15 years and above are classified as ‘adults’. • The NSSO conducts employment and unemployment surveys once every 5 years. The most recent survey data is available for the year 2011-12.
Working age population not in school
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Individuals of age 15 years and above that are currently not attending any educational institutes
Poor
Poverty lines based on the ‘Tendulkar’ poverty lines published by the former Planning Commission of India
• Households whose monthly per capita consumption expenditure is below the poverty line are classified as ‘poor’. • Poverty rate is the proportion of population that is counted as poor. • The number of poor is calculated by applying poverty rates, estimated using NSS data, to population estimates. Population for 1994 has been estimated by interpolating the 1991 and 2001 census population to January 1st of 1994. Similarly, population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to January 1st of 2005. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to noncensus years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). • The NSSO conducts consumption expenditure surveys once every 5 years. The most recent survey data is available for the year 2011-12.
• The population census is conducted once every 10 years. The most recent population census data available is for the year 2011.
Poverty Poverty rate
Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
Inequality Gini coefficient
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May 20, 2016
Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• The Gini coefficient measures the extent to which the distribution of consumption expenditure among households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. • Gini coefficient of 0 represents perfect equality, 1 implies perfect inequality. • Gini coefficient is estimated using survey data on monthly per capita consumption expenditure. Expenditure is adjusted for price differences between rural and urban areas within a state using the Tendulkar poverty lines.
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS Welfare distribution
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Consumption expenditure quintiles
Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Survey data on household consumption is used to estimate consumption expenditure quintiles within each state in India. Expenditure is adjusted for price differences between rural and urban areas within a state using the Tendulkar poverty lines.
Wealth Index quintiles
National Family Health Survey, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
• Survey data on asset ownership is used to construct a ‘wealth index’ which forms the basis for estimating wealth quintiles within each state in India.
Real GDP/GSDP growth rate
Central Statistical Office (CSO)
Real GDP/GSDP per capita
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• 2014 All-India estimate of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) corresponds to the 2011-12 base year (new series). All other All-India GDP and state GSDP estimates correspond to 2004-05 base year and 2004-05 prices (old series). • All estimates of GDP/GSDP are as of March 31st of the corresponding financial year. For e.g. the Real GSDP for the financial year 1993-94 is as on 31st March 1994. • Population for the years 1994 to 2011 has been estimated by interpolating census population to March 31st of the corresponding year. For example, population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to March 31st of 2005. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to March 31st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). • Growth rate of GSDP/ GDP across any two consecutive years is the simple growth rate. Growth rate over multiple years is the compounded annual growth rate (CAGR). • Composition of 3 main sectors of the economy (i) Agriculture/Farm - Agriculture, forestry and fishing (ii) Industry - Mining, manufacturing, utilities, construction (iii) Services – Trade, transport, storage, communication, financial services, real estate, professional services • Components of GSDP growth rate represent the contribution of a sector to overall GSDP growth rate. This is estimated by the ratio of increase in value added in a sector to increase in overall value added and multiplying the ratio with the GSDP growth rate.
Income & Growth
Components of GSDP growth rate
Fiscal
2
Debt
Controller General of Accounts (CGA)
Fiscal Deficit
Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
May 20, 2016
• Debt is the government’s outstanding liabilities. • Fiscal deficit is the difference between the total revenue and total expenditure of the government in the financial year. • Both are expressed as a ratio of the nominal GDP/ GSDP (market prices).
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Jobs Labor force participation rate
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Adult individuals are classified as part of the labor force if they are working (i.e. engaged in economic activity) or if they have been seeking work or have been available for work for a minimum of 6 months during the 365 days preceding the date of survey. This is otherwise known as the “usual status” definition of the labor force.
Workers/Employed/Number of jobs
Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• Members of the labor force are classified as ‘workers’ if they are working (i.e. engaged in economic activity) for a minimum of 30 days during the 365 days preceding the date of survey. This is otherwise known as the “usual status” definition of the work force. • The number of jobs/workers is arrived at by applying worker participation rates to population estimates. The ‘number of jobs’ estimate corresponds to the ‘number of workers’. • Population for 1994 and 2005 has been estimated by interpolating census population to January 1st of the corresponding year. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). • Job growth over a certain period is the compounded annual growth rate (CAGR). • Classification of workers by sector (i) Agriculture/Farm - Agriculture, forestry and fishing (ii) Industry - Mining, manufacturing, utilities, construction (iii) Services – Trade, transport, storage, communication, financial services, real estate, professional services • Classification of workers by wage-type (i) Self-employed – Own account workers, employers and unpaid family workers (ii) Salaried –workers with regular salary (iii) Casual wage – workers with causal wages • The categories - ‘farm all’, ‘non-farm self’, ‘non-farm salaried’, ‘non-farm casual’ are a combination of the sector of work and the type of wage earned. • A further disaggregated classification of workers by sector FARM – Agriculture/ farming CONS – Construction THR – Trade, hotels and restaurants MANU – Manufacturing PUB - Community, social and personal services TRAN - Transport, storage and communication FIRB - Financing, insurance, real estate and business services MINE+UTIL – Mining & quarrying + Utilities • Classification of workers by wage-type (i) Self-employed – Own account workers, employers and unpaid family workers (ii) Salaried –workers with regular salary (iii) Casual wage – workers with causal wages • The categories - ‘farm all’, ‘non-farm self’, ‘non-farm salaried’, ‘non-farm casual’ are a combination of the sector of work and the type of wage earned.
Job growth Workers by sector/wage-type
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May 20, 2016
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Education Literacy Education attainment
Enrollment Public educational institutes
Learning: Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, 2014 (%)
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May 20, 2016
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• ‘Literate’ – includes those who have received both formal and informal schooling. • Education levels explained (i) ‘Illiterate’ – individuals who are not literate. (ii) ‘Literate or primary school completed’ – includes individuals who have completed primary school as well as those are literate but have not completed primary school. (iii) ‘Middle completed’ – individuals who have completed middle school. (iv) ‘Secondary and above’ – individuals who have completed secondary schooling or any level higher. Includes individuals who have completed higher secondary, diploma or certificate course or a graduate, postgraduate or higher degree.
Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• Includes all those currently attending formal primary schooling and above. • Public educational institutes include those that are run by the state/ central governments or by local bodies. This excludes any kind of privately owned and run institutes including private aided institutes.
Annual Status of Education Report (ASER), Trends over time 2006-2014, ASER Centre/ Pratham
• Data available for rural areas only
Technical Appendix
INDICATORS
DATA SOURCE
REMARKS
Health Maternal mortality ratio
Sample Registration System, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• Maternal mortality ratio is derived as the proportion of maternal deaths per 1,00,000 live births reported. • Data for 3 years is pooled to enhance sample size and yield more reliable estimates. • For states split after the year 2000, i.e. Bihar and Jharkhand; Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand; Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, MMR is estimated jointly.
Infant mortality rate
Sample Registration System, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
• Infant mortality rate is the number of infant deaths (children aged 1 year or less) per 1,000 live births.
Malnutrition: Stunting
National Family Health Survey (NFHS), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
• ‘Stunting’ defined as percentage of children below age 5 who are short for their age. • Data for 2006 is from the NFHS and for 2014 is from the RSOC. Though both provide stunting estimates for children below age 5 the numbers for 2006 and 2014 may not be strictly comparable due to differences in survey methodology.
Rapid Survey on Children (RSOC), Ministry of Women and Child Development
Infrastructure & Amenities Electrification
Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• ‘Electrification’ defined as the proportion of households using electricity as primary source of energy for lighting.
Road density
Basic Roads Statistics, Transport Research Wing, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
• Road density has been defined as road length per million people and road length per 1,000 sq. km. • Road length estimates correspond to ‘total road length’ data published in the Basic Roads Statistics report. • Population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to January 1st of 2005. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). • Land area estimates have been taken from the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.
Drinking water on premises
Survey of drinking water, sanitation, hygiene and housing condition conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
• The most recent survey data is available for the year 2012.
Open defecation Access to latrine
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May 20, 2016
Technical Appendix
LABEL Data labels
29 STATES AND ALL INDIA
LABEL
SOCIAL GROUP
ST SC OBC General
‘scheduled tribe’ ‘scheduled caste’ ‘other backward class’ ‘others’
(7 ‘low income states’ highlighted)
AI AP AR AS BH CG DL GA GJ HP HR JH JK KA KL MG MH MN MP MZ NL OD PJ RJ SK TN TR UK UP WB
All India Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Delhi Goa Gujarat Himachal Pradesh Haryana Jharkhand Jammu & Kashmir Karnataka Kerala Meghalaya Maharashtra Manipur Madhya Pradesh Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh West Bengal
Adjustments for split states In the year 2000, 3 large states namely, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh were each split to form two states each. Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand were the 3 new states created. The NSSO survey data allows us to separately estimate variables for ‘split’ states, enabling us to construct a consistent and comparable series of variables for the pre-split and post-split period. A consistent and comparable series for population and growth data is not available. Specifically - 1991 population census data for ‘split’ states is not available and GSDP series for ‘split’ states is only available for years after 2000. In order to create a consistent population series, the 1991 population estimates for the parent state have been divided in a way that mirrors the relative shares of the new states’ population in the parent state population in 2001. In order to create a consistent GSDP series, pre-2000 GSDP figures for the parent state have been divided in a way that preserves the relative shares of the new ‘ GSDP in the parent state GSDP for a ten year period after the year 2000. In the year 2014, the state of Telangana was carved out of Andhra Pradesh (AP), with the remaining portion of AP retaining the name of the parent state. Separate estimates for Telangana have not been published in the States Briefs. All state-level estimates for Andhra Pradesh correspond to AP and Telangana combined.
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May 20, 2016