Special Area ANNEX I & V
Special Area ANNEX I extended to 200 nm
2011 WMU-IMO Conference on Oil-Spill Risk Management
Risk Management in the ROPME Sea Area Capt. C t A A.M.M. M M Al-Janahi Al J hi & CE CEng. H H.G. G K Knoop Marine Emergency Mutual Aid Centre (MEMAC)
H M H
H
M
H
¾
Semi-enclosed sea
¾
Shallow Sh ll basin b i (≤ 100 m, average 35 m)
¾
High productive prod cti e coastal habitats
¾
Volume approx. approx 8,600 8 600 km3
¾
Freshwater river supply approx 160 km3 per year approx.
¾
Water exchange rate 1 per 3-5 years
¾
High concentration of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons y
他 Approx. 160 offshore installations 他 1000s km of sea pipelines 他 Ever growing offshore fleet
SAUDI ARABIA
Primary Oil & Gas Deposits 息 M. Izady, 2008-10
Ship density • 45-50,000 Hormuz passages • 60,000 port calls C Casualties li (reported 2009)
• 32 casualties • 53 lives lost • >150,000 tons oil spilled Forecast 2015 • ≈90,000 port calls • ≈40 casualties • ≈30 lives lost • ≈250,000 tons oil spilled
Reported casualties 2000-09 = 179 Concentration of locations (hot spots)
Reported casualties 2000 - 09, and probabiliy of casualties 2009 - 15 I‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Projection ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ I‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Empirical data ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 8
15
15
15
18
25
22
17
33
30
32
34
36
38
40
43
S
Medium-high
A
LP1 S
OP1 U
Low-medium
A
A
S
Low
A
A
A
S = Serious p U = Unacceptable
U
Critical
A = Acceptable
LP2
Consequences
OP2
U
LL2 U
LL1 U
S C Catastrophic
A
Marginal
High
Negligible
Likelihood/fre equency
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Probability of increase in maritime casualties 2009-15
The Risk Exposure as to - loss l off lives li (LL) - loss of properties (LP) - and oil pollution (OP) is at serious to unacceptable level, with the strong tendency to unacceptable risk level at increasing frequencies ... if no Risk Ri k R Reduction d ti Measures M are taken. t k
RSA Risk Reduction Package: ¾ Capacity building at Maritime Administration ¾ Cooperation maritime & environ. authorities ¾ Implementation, Implementation enforcement & control of int int'll & regional conventions ¾ Implement Safety & Environmental Protection Infrastructures & Services (SEPIS) at EEZ EEZ-level level ¾ Relief of and support to Member States by improving regional maritime cooperation ¾ Maritime Emergency Response & Salvage Cooperation Unit (MERCU)
0
300 600
5
28 % 41 %
ME CATTS = 522 Mio o
GA A CATS thresshold value = 6.4 Bn
Mangrovves
Fish = 355 5 Mio/year
Desalinatiion feed = 5 Bn
19 %
139 %
Mumbai accident impacts trade cargo = 4 BN N
2 %
L
450
15
US Billion
De esalination fe eed includin ng aux. costss = 17 Bn
150
USD M Million
Cost – Benefit Indicators 0.6 % 1.6 % 2.5 %
Mangroves = 245 Mio marine life; L = 72 – 8.5 Mio/human life
Risk reduction = 100 Mio 100 Mi
Risk Reduction financing in a nutshell: 9
Caused by rapidly increasing shipping and general maritime activities the RSA risk exposure is at serious to unacceptable level;
9
To protect the vitally important assets of an intact RSA and to catch-up with the obligations under ratified int'l conventions, the Member States maintain safety and environmental i t l protection t ti iinfrastructures f t t and d services i (SEPIS) (SEPIS);
9
The improvement of SEPIS by the regional Risk Reduction Package including MERCU serves the Member States and the maritime industries alike;
9
MERCU releases national administrations through Member States' concerted action, thus strengthening regional maritime governance;
9
Maritime industry's contribution to the costs for improving safety and environmental protection means cost sharing by beneficiaries, based on the user/polluterpays principle.
Âť... A person or persons persons, whose business from whence pollution originates is held to be responsible for the costs of measures to prevent, control and reduce the said pollution. It is not inherently required that polluters necessarily undertake protective measures on their own behalf. Indeed, some actions may be performed or commissioned by enforcement agencies. The principle would however hold that the costs of such actions are borne by the polluter; this is likely to be reflected in the costs of [...] servicesÂŤ Worthington 2003
Risk Reduction financing in a nutshell: Application
all merchant ships ≥ 500 GT irrespective of flag
Amount of share
0.05 USD $ per 1 GT, due at first RSA port of call
Collection of shares
as part of the regular tariffs by the ship agent
Validity of shares
at all RSA port facilities for [30] days; special conditions for domestic traffic
Implementation
uniformly at all facilities in the RSA
Non discrimination
no ship or flag must be favoured or discriminated
Allocation & supervision
solely devoted to contribute to SEPIS costs; directed by MEMAC according to RSA Member States' States decisions and supervision
Review
after [5] years by RSA Member States, depending on performance and experiences gained
»If anyone spoils the water of another let him not only pay the damages, but also to purify the stream which contains the water.« Plato, 427-348 BC
Full ahead: Protecting the Environment by Promoting Safety
Thank you very much for your attention!