PhD in Maritime Affairs
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“Our PhD programme is a key part of our research activities, and is an essential capacity-building contribution by WMU to the health and sustainability of the oceans, seas, and shipping industry around the globe.� 2
Message from the President
As President of the World Maritime University (WMU), it gives me enormous pleasure and pride to present our PhD Programme. We have entered a very exciting period in the history of WMU. The WMU Board of Governors and the IMO Council have endorsed the IMO Secretary-General’s Study on the Sustainability of WMU, which identifies eight strategic directions for the University, one of which is specifically focused on strengthening the University’s research function for maritime policy and ocean subjects. In light of this development, WMU has expanded its offerings to include oceans and energy goals of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and in particular Goals 7, 14 and 17. Goal 7 concerns access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all. Goal 14 deals with the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans, seas and maritime resources for sustainable development. Goal 17 deals with strengthening the means of implementation and revitalization of the global partnership for sustainable development. WMU is the global centre of excellence for postgraduate maritime and ocean education, research and capacity building. Research is an integral part of our mission, and informs all our activities. Around 30 research projects are being carried out at any given time, many of which are EU funded. WMU cooperates and coordinates with the IMO, including providing consultancy services, as well as with other UN agencies and maritime institutions worldwide. A vibrant maritime industry, where policy and governance are based on the international Conventions of the IMO, depends on the high-level knowledge that is the result of research. Our PhD programme is a key part of our research activities, and is an essential capacitybuilding contribution by WMU to the health and sustainability of the oceans, seas, and shipping industry around the globe. Founded by the IMO, a specialized agency of the United Nations, WMU is unique among maritime universities. I welcome you to explore the opportunities available through our interdisciplinary PhD programme. I trust you will find inspiration in the range of opportunities available to you in the inherently diverse environment of WMU. WMU is the home of excellence in maritime and ocean research, as well as in education and training, and I look forward to welcoming you in person.
Dr. Cleopatra Doumbia-Henry President, World Maritime University
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Welcome to the World Maritime University PhD Programme
Since WMU was founded some 30 years ago by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the University has established a reputation as a global center for postgraduate maritime education, research, and capacity building. Our mission is to be the world’s leading maritime university and based on a great deal of feedback from our alumni and their employers, we are succeeding in the task. The WMU PhD Programme offers candidates the opportunity to further develop their maritime specialization to the highest academic level. Our focus areas are related to the maritime sector and include safety, security, technology and energy, education, environment, shipping management, administration, and law and policy. Research at WMU directly relates to current and future issues of importance to the maritime sector and the results are contributing to policy development at IMO and its Technical Cooperation mission. Flexible enrolment patterns allow candidates to carry out their research either at WMU or their location of choice such as with their employer. Our world-renowned faculty serve as supervisors and we may seek advice from top specialists in the world as co-supervisors. If you are interested in pursuing a PhD at the IMO’s apex institution for postgraduate studies and research, and becoming part of our diverse and international community of maritime experts, we look forward to hearing from you.
Dr. Olof Lindén Professor, Nippon Foundation Chair Director, Research & Doctoral Programme phd@wmu.se
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Mrs. Carla Fischer Faculty Support Officer phd@wmu.se
wmu.se/phd
About WMU
The World Maritime University is a unique, global maritime institution founded in 1983 by the International Maritime Organization, a specialized agency of the United Nations. As a center of excellence for maritime and oceans postgraduate education and research, WMU offers MSc and PhD Programmes as well as Executive and Professional Development Courses with the highest standards in maritime affairs. WMU promotes the international exchange and transfer of maritime ideas and knowledge.
WMU offers: • A global maritime network of over 4,000 alumni from 166 countries • Highly specialized and internationally renowned faculty and research associates that • represent the core maritime fields • International connections with the commercial shipping sector and alliances with • national maritime administrations
About the programme WMU’s PhD programme offers candidates the opportunity to carry out research across the maritime field, but with an emphasis on issues related to the International Maritime Organization’s mission of maritime safety, security and environmental protection. Our doctoral programme offers unrivaled access to international maritime experts both inside and outside academia and to organizations working at the forefront of research and development. Doctoral students at WMU come from industry, academia, and the government sector. The programme offers a flexible solution during the period of enrolment. Candidates may be based at the University or elsewhere, such as their place of employment.
Principal areas of research include: • Marine Environmental Research (MER Group) • Maritime Administration: Law, Policy and Security • Maritime Education & Training, Human and Organizational Development (METHOD Group) • Maritime Energy Research (MarEner Group) • Maritime Risk and System Safety (MaRiSa Group) • Ocean Policy and Management • Shipping and Port Management
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Student profile Armando Graziano
PhD Candidate / Research Assistant Italy What attracted you to WMU? I first came across WMU while pursuing my Master’s studies in Nautical Sciences in Italy. I hadn’t considered continuing with post-graduate studies, but when I looked into WMU’s PhD programme, it made me change my mind.
What are you researching now? Currently my research is focused on evaluating the extent to which Flag State performance can be determined by Port State Control inspections and how this indicator can be improved. At the same time I am also working on a project investigating the improvement of ship inspections using risk-based approaches.
What is the highlight of being a student at WMU? When you have spent a considerable part of your academic career studying maritime affairs, having the opportunity to be a part of WMU is an important and unforgettable milestone. I am impressed by the University’s worldwide maritime network. Having access to maritime policy makers, professionals and students from all over the world is inspiring - it makes your ideas take flight.
“I am impressed by the University’s worldwide maritime network. Having access to maritime policy makers, professionals and students from all over the world is inspiring - it makes your ideas take flight”. 66
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WMU faculty and their research interests
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Michael Baldauf, Dr-Ing Associate Professor Germany • transport engineering • VTS traffic monitoring • collision risk detection
Raphael Baumler, PhD Associate Professor France • risk management/ship safety • marine environmental protection • biosecurity in shipping • air emissions in shipping • human factors & social issues in shipping • complexity in shipping context
Neil Bellefontaine, MMM Professor Canada • environmental protection • fisheries / marine aquaculture • coastal & oceans management • marine oil spills • transboundary management
Johan Bolmsten, PhD Part-time Lecturer Sweden • oriented design & development • evolvable software products • end user development training
Clive Cole, BEd (Hons) Associate Professor United Kingdom • maritime english • maritime education & training
Dimitrios Dalaklis, PhD Assistant Professor Greece • electronic navigation • navigation simulators • maritime security
Patrick Donner, LLM Associate Professor Finland • maritime law • marine insurance
Megan Drewniak, MSc Lecturer United States of America • risk management • human element • maritime casualties • maritime safety • maritime spatial planning
Aref Fakhry, PhD Associate Professor Lebanon / Canada • maritime law & policy • maritime security (piracy, • terrorism, human trafficking) • commercial shipping law • ocean governance • marine environmental protection
Lisa Froholdt, PhD Assistant Professor New Zealand / Denmark • human factors • communication (crisis, routine & • cross-cultural) • educational psychology • psychotraumatology in pirate hijacking • maritime education & training
Devinder Grewal, PhD Professor Indian Chair in Port Management India / Australia • maritime economics • ports & terminal management • logistics & international trade • freight transport networks • strategic management & • organizational efficiency
Larry Hildebrand, PhD Professor Canadian Chair Canada • integrated coastal & ocean management • ocean governance • maritime spatial planning • marine environmental protection • training & capacity building
Momoko Kitada, PhD Assistant Professor The Nippon Foundation Japan • multi-cultural work environment • women seafarers • cultural issues
Olof Lindén, PhD Professor The Nippon Foundation Chair Sweden • marine pollution / oil spills • climate change • ballast water & invasive species • impacts of shipping on marine • mammals
Shuo Ma, PhD Professor China • shipping & port economics • policy & management • marine environmental economics • Chinese shipping & ports
Michael Manuel, PhD Associate Professor The Nippon Foundation Chair Ghana • operational risk governance & • policy management • organizational behavior & learning • knowledge management • maritime education & training
Daniel Moon, PhD Professor INMARSAT Chair Republic of Korea • port economics • port management • port operation & logistics • maritime education & training
Aykut Ölçer, PhD Professor Turkey • maritime energy management • naval architecture • maritime technology • marine engineering • ship design & production • decision making & optimization
María Carolina Romero Lares, PhD Associate Professor Venezuela • international maritime conventions • ocean governance • law related to the marine • environment • law of the sea • maritime delimitation
Jens-Uwe Schröder-Hinrichs, Dr-Ing Professor The Nippon Foundation Chair Germany • maritime casualties • ship safety • maritime risk
Dong-Wook Song, PhD Professor Korean Chair in Maritime Logistics Republic of Korea • maritime logistics • trade logistics policy • maritime economics • shipping & port organization & • strategy
George Theocharidis, Dr.iur Associate Professor Greece • admiralty law • maritime law • commercial shipping law • maritime/ocean governance • conflict of laws
Ilias Visvikis, PhD Professor Greece • shipping finance • maritime financial management • financial & shipping derivatives • risk management • econometrics 9
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Faculty profile Aref Fakhry, PhD Associate Professor
Why is WMU a good place for you to be? WMU is the only university of its kind which is geared toward all the countries of the world, and tries to make a difference in maritime and oceans affairs. I feel very privileged to share my expertise and ideas with professors, students and scholars, who all enrich this university in their own way.
What are you researching now? I am involved in several strands of research related to maritime law and policy. Most of my research relates to security at sea, although I am also pursuing projects related to other aspects of shipping law, notably, commercial law. One of the projects that I am leading (PROMERC) involves research on the ethical and human rights standards associated with protecting seafarers from acts of maritime violence.
What does WMU offer to PhD candidates that is unique? I feel that the combination of multidisciplinarity and our UN mandate make studying at WMU a unique experience. WMU is also extremely well connected with international powerhouses. Our research facilities are constantly being enhanced.
“I feel that the combination of multidisciplinarity and our UN mandate make studying at WMU a unique experience.�
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Graduates dissertation titles Abhinayan Basu Bal, India A Critical Evaluation of the Rotterdam Rules: Selected Issues in Perspective Kevin Ghirxi, Malta The Stopping Rule is No Rule at All: Exploring Maritime Safety Investigation as an Emergent Process Within a Selection of IMO Member States Ying Li, China Multimodal Transportation under the Rotterdam Rules: Law and Policy Implications in the Chinese Context Mikis Manolis, Canada UNCITRAL and the Draft Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea: Treaty Interpretation and Forum Selection Clauses in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia (Joint PhD Programme with Swansea University)
Michael Manuel, Ghana Safety-Related Organizational Learning and Risk Construal in Shipping Companies
Kofi Mbiah, Ghana Balancing Shipper and Carrier Interests: A Comparative Analysis of Some Salient Features of the Rotterdam Rules and its Predecessor Treaties Azfar Mustafar, Malaysia An Inquiry into the Regimes of Piracy, Unlawful Acts and Related Preventative Measures under International Maritime Law (Joint PhD Programme with Swansea University) Rajendra Prasad, India The Role of Collaborative Learning in Promoting Safety in Shipboard Machinery Spaces Jonas Pålsson, Sweden Oil Spill Preparedness in Sweden - Prevention, Planning, and Response for Large Accidents Jong-Kyun Woo, Republic of Korea The Impacts of Voyage Optimization and Slow Steaming on the Liner Shipping Strategy through Dynamic Simulation “WMU’s PhD programme was inspiring - an enriching experience within an academic institution which has broadened my horizons. Throughout my research and stay at WMU, I had the opportunity and privilege to meet scholars, practitioners, and students; members of our maritime community who came with a wealth of experience and knowledge which they willingly shared.” Dr. Kevin Ghirxi 2010 PhD Graduate Head of Marine Safety Investigation Unit Transport Malta 12
“Coming from a background of marine biology and coastal management, with a passion for ships and maritime transportrelated matters, the PhD programme and working in the Marine Environmental Research group allow me to combine my different interests. Working on a PhD in such an interdisciplinary setting has been a great learning experience as people from different scientific and professional backgrounds regularly assess my research giving insight and new points of view to the work.� Annukka Pekkarinen PhD Candidate Finland
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Current candidates proposed dissertation titles Safaa Al-Fayyadh, Iraq Development of the Framework for a Lean, Energy Efficient and Environmentally Friendly Port: Umm Qasr Port as a Case Study Ali Abbas Khayoon Al-Naseri, Iraq Recognition of Electronic Bills of Lading, a Legal Perspective on Using Electronic Bills of Lading Under Iraqi Law with Reference to Some Arab and Leading Laws Bryan Buxton-Barnor, Ghana A Critical Assessment for the Development of an Overarching Trans-boundary Geospatial Framework: Selected Regimes in Perspective Evangelos Darousos, Greece A Network Approach to Maritime Clusters towards Ocean Governance, Geopolitical Empowerment and Economic Development Peter Egbegi, Nigeria Towards a Legal and Regulatory Framework for the Development of an Oceans Policy in Nigeria Osatohanmwen Anastasia Eruaga, Nigeria Exploring the Effect of Gun Control and Enforcement on Private Maritime Security Companies’ Participation in Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea: A Gulf of Guinea Perspective Armando Graziano, Italy Monitoring Flag State Implementation and Enforcement. Identification of Performance Indicators through Port State Control Tafsir Johansson, Bangladesh Salvage, Wreck Removal and Shipwreck-recycling: Exploring the Legal and Corporate Social Responsibility Aspect of Abandoned Vessels and Wrecks of Canada Lawrence Kuroshi, Nigeria Evaluation of Ballast Water Management Methods Using Extended Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making Technique Derek Lambert, South Africa Addressing the Challenges Facing South African Marine Engineering Education: A Case Study at a South African University of Technology Huiru Liu, China The Emerging Concept of Environmental Salvage and its Indemnification: Legal Issues in Perspective Anete Logina, Latvia Criminal Procedures and Sanctions against Seafarers after Large-scale Ship-source Oil Pollution Accidents: A Human Rights Perspective Agus Mardaly, Indonesia Performance Measurement in Maritime Security Entities: A Comparative Analysis of Coast Guards through the Lens of the Indonesia Coast Guard Ruurd van der Meer, The Netherlands The implementation of Monitoring, Reporting and Verification On-board Ships for Fuel Efficient Operations Syed Raza Ali Mehdi, Pakistan Risk Assessment of Vessels Operating Near Offshore Wind-farms
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Jenette Tifuh Mujingni Epse Cho, Cameroon Sewage Management in Cruise Shipping and Ports: Towards Adequate Reception Facilities for Sewage in the Baltic Region as a Solution to Environmental Issues (Eutrophication) from Cruise Ship-generated Sewage in the Baltic Sea Kana Mutombo, South Africa A Holistic Risk-Oriented Framework for Port Infrastructure Adaptation to Climate Change Adriana Avila Zuñiga Nordfjeld, Mexico/Norway Offshore Oil Business in Mexico: Mitigating Potential Security Risks Olugbenga Leke Oyewole, Nigeria Effectiveness of Inter-Agency Collaboration on Maritime Security: Sea Robbery, Crude Oil Theft and Petroleum Products Smuggling in Nigeria Dawn Patten, Canada Exploring the Concepts of Safety Culture in the Offshore Supply Vessel (OSV) Domain: A Comparative Study of OSVs, Tankers and Fishing Vessels Annukka Pekkarinen, Finland Mitigating Ship Strikes in Southern Sri Lanka: A Management Strategy Evaluation of Existing IMO-approved Tools and their Legal and Economic Impacts on International Shipping Unni Ramachandran, India Occupational Safety and Health of Seafarers - An Inquiry into the Tensions and Gaps Between International Human Rights Law, International Maritime Labour Standards and National Laws Omran Radhi Thani, Iraq Study of the Coastal and Offshore Hydrography and Ballast Water Management of the Northern Arabian Gulf Glenn Wright, USA Ship-Centric, Dynamic Virtual Aids to Navigation (vAtoN) Razali Yaacob, Malaysia World Class Maritime Education and Training (MET) Institutions: A Perspective from the Malaysian MET Landscape Kyaw Zeya, Myanmar An Analysis of Impediments to the Effective Implementation of the STCW Convention/ Code: Training, Assessment and Certification of Seafarers “I am simply astonished at the complexities detailed on the global news networks regarding today's societies and their growing inability to co-exist, yet here are dozens of different countries attending one school and it appears as though everyone has forgotten the issues of the 'outside world' and simply want to make this world a better place. WMU should be commended on its ability to ensure so many different people can work and learn together. If all schools had similar diversity I truly feel the world would be a much better place.” Dawn Patten PhD Candidate Canada
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Professor Olof Lindén, Field Research, Côte d’Ivoire
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How to apply Applications are welcome from suitably qualified individuals who wish to undertake research leading to a doctoral degree either on a full-time basis in Malmö, or part-time basis at their location of choice such as their place of employment. Acceptance into the programme is based on the evaluation of academic ability as well as the availability of suitable supervisors.
Entrance requirements Applicants should typically hold a Master’s degree, completed with good grades with a dissertation, in a relevant discipline. In exceptional cases, substantial professional, business or industrial qualification/experience may also be taken into consideration. The Admissions Board will select only the bestqualified candidates, taking into account all qualifications and achievements.
Application for admission All candidates must submit the application form and a detailed research proposal. In addition, two letters of academic reference from people familiar with the applicant’s suitability for doctoral research should be sent directly by the referees to the doctoral office. Certified copies of transcripts of all academic qualifications should be included with the application form, including the results of an internationally recognized test of English language. Individuals who have not yet completed their Master’s degree should include a transcript of the marks received to date, understanding that an offer of placement is conditional on successful completion of the Master’s degree as well as evaluation of the final marks by the Admissions Board. Prospective candidates are encouraged to visit wmu.se/phd-apply to download all required forms and to find further information and guidance.
Research proposal All applicants must submit a research proposal that clearly indicates the area in which their research will be conducted, including the key issues to be examined in detail. The research proposal should identify an original research question, and demonstrate that the applicant understands what research at the postgraduate level entails. The quality of the research proposal is extremely important. It is a crucial part of the application and will be used to match prospective candidates with research supervisors. To download the research proposal form and find more information and guidance on the length and content of the proposal, please visit wmu.se/phd-apply.
English language requirements Applicants must offer results from one of the following internationally recognized standard tests of English language: Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) 96+ in the internet-based test 590+ in the paper-based test WMU’s TOEFL institution code is 9198 International English Language Testing System (IELTS) band 7.0 or above Cambridge Examinations Cambridge Proficiency Examination at grade A or B GCE O-level or the equivalent a good pass grade
Closing dates and application outcomes There are no cut-off dates for submitting your application. Applicants, who have provided the University with all the supporting documents required for an assessment to proceed, should receive their application outcome by e-mail within 12 weeks from the date of application.
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Student profile Lawrence Kuroshi PhD Candidate Nigeria
What attracted you to WMU? I earned a Master of Science degree at WMU and during my studies at that time I found an academic environment that offered my research curiosities the opportunity to thrive. The University’s position as a premier global maritime centre for academic excellence, its multicultural setting and the unrivaled breadth and depth of its faculty (resident and visiting) in maritime research, made WMU my choice for a doctoral programme.
What are you researching now? I am researching the viability of a novel concept of ballast water management spurred by the reluctance of the majority of ship owners to install the ballast water treatment system (BWTS) onboard their ships as a recent Lloyd’s list survey suggests. The staggering aggregative cost of installing BWTS onboard the entire global merchant fleet and the myriad of related arguments and uncertainties involved with the imminence of the BWM convention’s implementation furthered my desire to find a coherent synthesis to the dialectics.
What is the highlight of being a student at WMU? It is an invaluable opportunity to interact with global industry thought leaders from a wide spectrum of the maritime industry including adjunct, visiting and resident professors. In addition, the library and research services are world class.
“The University’s position as a premier global maritime centre for academic excellence, its multicultural setting and the unrivaled breadth and depth of its faculty (resident and visiting) in maritime research, made WMU my choice for a doctoral programme.” 18 18
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Programme structure and fees The credit system
The PhD programme is structured on the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) and consists of 240 ECTS credits completed over a registration period of three to six years. Within these time limits, candidates may work at their own pace, which can also vary during their period of enrolment.
Progression
1 ECTS credit (EC) is approximately 26 to 28 study load hours. Successful participation in the Research Methods Course earns 20 EC. Each of the four progression seminars, successfully completed, earns 40 EC and successful defense of a finalized dissertation earns a candidate 60 EC. In the initial 6 months of their registration, candidates complete a research methodology programme, and prepare a detailed proposal for their research, including a literature review. At the end of this initial period, the first progression seminar is held, at which the candidates each present their research proposals. Throughout the doctoral programme, further progression seminars are held where the candidates present the results of their research and the plans for further work. After every seminar, the Progression Board meets and considers whether the candidate should proceed to the next stage of the research. The defense of each PhD dissertation is assessed by a specially established committee that includes at least one senior and well recognized external expert in the relevant field and from an established organization.
Advanced standing
A candidate who has completed part of a doctoral degree elsewhere may transfer into the WMU programme with advanced standing. For details about the conditions, please visit wmu.se/phd.
Syed Raza Ali Mehdi, PhD Candidate, Pakistan (right) with WMU MSc Students
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Osatohanmwen Anastasia Eruaga, PhD Candiate, Nigeria
back row - from left to right: Evangelos Darousos (Greece), Agus Mardaly (Indonesia), Ruurd van der Meer (The Netherlands), Bryan BuxtonBarnor (Ghana), Ali Al-Naseri (Iraq), front row - from left to right: Adriana Nordfjeld (Mexico/Norway), Huiru Liu (China), Safaa Al-Fayyadh (Iraq)
Supervision
All doctoral candidates have a principal supervisor who is a member of the resident faculty. According to the topic of research, a candidate may also have one or two co-supervisors who may be another member of the resident faculty, an Adjunct Professor, a Visiting Professor, or a suitable person from outside the University.
Tuition fees As of 2016, the full University fee is US$ 33,400, and is charged by the credits obtained. It includes supervision, library and laboratory access, IT support at WMU, and medical, life, and accident insurance. In addition, a student needs around SEK10,000 per month for rent and general living costs in Malmรถ, plus travel expenses. Since WMU is a UN institution and not part of the national Swedish education system, our students cannot claim study support from the Swedish government or any other EU state. Research Methods Course
Progression Seminar 1
Progression Seminar 2
Progression Seminar 3
Progression Seminar 4
Dissertation
Total
EC
20
40
40
40
40
60
240
Fee
$3,000
$5,500
$5,500
$5,500
$5,500
$8,400
$33,400
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Alumna profile Dr. Ying Li PhD Graduate China
What would you say to someone considering PhD studies at WMU? WMU is an industry-oriented university with a student-friendly environment. PhD candidates have a wide exposure to scholars, practitioners and officials from the maritime sector all over the world and are afforded many opportunities to communicate with them. This helps candidates to plan their future career and realize their aspirations in the real world whether in industry or academia. WMU has an excellent faculty, members of which in addition to the appointed supervisor, are available to advise and guide PhD candidates.
In what ways has your experience from WMU impacted your career? I was nominated by the Ministry of Transport of China to study at WMU for the Master’s programme. This was followed by my personal initiative to purse PhD studies. With the academic experience I acquired from WMU I was able to increase my professional competency in my career in the Ministry as a result of which I was transferred to the most challenging sector in the Ministry the Comprehensive Planning Department which is in charge of the integrated planning of different modes of transportation in China including shipping. It is not only the knowledge that I acquired, but also the way of thinking, the ability to address and resolve complex problematic issues and the confidence that has enabled me to take on challenging tasks.
“ It is not only the knowledge that I acquired, but also the way of thinking, the ability to address and resolve complex problematic issues and the confidence that has enabled me to take on challenging tasks.� 22
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The World Maritime University PhD programme provides candidates with unparalleled supervision by WMU’s expert faculty, learning side-by-side with scholars from around the world.
World Maritime University, PO Box 500, S 20124 MalmĂś, Sweden www.wmu.se I +46 40 35 63 00 3rd edition, 2016 All information in this brochure was correct at the time of print but is subject to change. For the latest information please visit www.wmu.se/phd Our website is regularly updated with research news. For information about current projects please visit wmu.se/research This brochure is compiled and published annually by the World Maritime University INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION
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