CBT For Hypersomnias By MaryAnn DePietro, CRT
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xcessive and persistent sleepiness is a hallmark of a group of sleep disorders known as central disorders of hypersomnolence, which includes narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia (IH). Narcolepsy is a neurological condition that interferes with the ability to control the sleep/wake cycle, leading to excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep disruption. The sleepiness can be severe and impair functioning, as people with narcolepsy can fall asleep in the middle of activities, such as when driving. Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is also a neurological sleep disorder that causes excessive daytime sleepiness regardless of how much sleep a person gets. According to the Hypersomnia Foundation, people with the disorder may wake up from naps and still not feel refreshed. Both disorders can adversely impact daily activities, affect overall wellbeing, and diminish quality of life. As a result of IH and narcolepsy, emotional and phycological issues can also develop. Problems such as depression and anxiety are common and people with these conditions can feel socially isolated or stigmatized for their condition. Currently, there is no cure for either idiopathic hypersomnia or narcolepsy. While standard treatment often includes medication, other forms of treatment may also help. Researchers are studying the role cognitive behavior therapy may have in treating both narcolepsy and hypersomnia.
16 | Autumn 2021 | Daytime Sleepiness
WHAT IS COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY FOR HYPERSOMNIAS (CBT-H)? The theory behind cognitive behavior therapy is that our thoughts and thinking patterns may affect our behaviors. If we change our thinking patterns, we may also be able to change our behavior. According to the American Psychological Association, CBT can help people identity thought patterns that lead to negative behaviors. For people with narcolepsy or IH, it is not negative thoughts that cause the symptoms, but the thinking patterns can lead to worsening of depression and anxiety. CBT-H can teach individuals new ways to cope with symptoms, which may decrease associated issues, such as anxiety and depression. CBT-H may also help people get a better understanding of their symptoms and learn coping skills and problems solving. As individuals learn new techniques, they may gain a sense of confidence in their ability to handle their condition. This is known as self-efficacy.
