UTC: Health and Wellbeing in The City We Need

UTC

19

Health and Wellbeing in The City We Need 24-27 January 2016 Kuching, Malaysia

2 Urban Thinkers Campus: 19 – Health and Wellbeing in The City We Need

Urban Thinkers Campus Partner Organizations

Disclaimer: The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication pages do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries regarding its economic system or degree of development. Excerpts may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme, UN-Habitat, the United Nations and its member states.

3 Urban Thinkers Campus: 19 – Health and Wellbeing in The City We Need

Table of Contents Urban Thinkers Campus in figures.............................................................................................................................................. 4 Introduction to the Urban Thinkers Campus............................................................................................................................... 5 The City We Need principle(s) addressed.................................................................................................................................. 6 Matrix of linkages - TCWN 1.0 vs. new recommendations....................................................................................................... 6 Key outcomes of the UTC........................................................................................................................................................... 7 Key recommendations................................................................................................................................................................ 8 Key actors................................................................................................................................................................................. 14 Outstanding issues................................................................................................................................................................... 14 Urban solutions......................................................................................................................................................................... 14 Speakers................................................................................................................................................................................... 15 List of all countries present...................................................................................................................................................... 15 List of organizations present................................................................................................................................................... 16

4 Urban Thinkers Campus: 19 – Health and Wellbeing in The City We Need

Urban Thinkers Campus in figures

27

158

COUNTRIES REPRESENTED

PARTICIPANTS

8

CONSTITUENT GROUPS REPRESENTED

91

ORGANIZATIONS

5 Urban Thinkers Campus: 19 – Health and Wellbeing in The City We Need

Introduction to the Urban Thinkers Campus

Opening Urban Thinkers Campus Kuching 24 January 2016 (Mayor of Kuching City North, Sarawak State Secretary, Director UNU-IIGH & previous State Secretary) . © UNU-IIGH photo

Today’s cities and their inhabitants face increasing health problems but also have important opportunities to promote and improve health. This Urban Thinkers Campus, held in Kuching, Malaysia from 24 – 27 January 2016, aimed to place health and wellbeing at the center of the New Urban Agenda through an integrated assessment of linkages with other sectors, priority actions and knowledge gaps. It also sought to: a) articulate a set of principles for sustainable, just and healthy places; and b) develop a research agenda to facilitate the application of these principles.

Three central themes underlay UTC discussions: first, an acknowledgment of the roots of health in social, ecological and economic factors; second, an awareness that systems approaches are required to address increasing complexity in the context of sustainable urban development; third, a recognition of the interlinked health of people and planet.

The UTC centered on understanding the relationship of urban form and function to health outcomes, identification of emerging challenges, and in-depth consideration of the principles of The City We Need. It also embraced participatory learning activities based in systems thinking and intended to spark innovative ideas among participants, and urban case studies offering a glimpse into the breadth of urban possibilities for promoting health.

Cynthia Nikitin @CynthiaNikitin

25 Jan 2016

The amount of social capital in a community has significant health benefits.#ThriveUrban #UrbanThinkers https://twitter.com/CynthiaNikitin/status/691794586356846594

6 Urban Thinkers Campus: 19 – Health and Wellbeing in The City We Need

The City We Need principle(s) addressed The UTC devoted one thematic session to each of the nine existing principles from The City We Need.

8. The City We Need is a healthy city.

9. The City We Need is managed at the metropolitan level.

1. The City We Need is socially inclusive.

2. The City We Need is well planned, walkable, and transit-friendly.

3. The City We Need is a regenerative city.

Frances Snyder @facebookguide2

4. The City We Need is economically vibrant and inclusive.

24 Jan 2016

5. The City We Need is economically vibrant and inclusive.

RT DrHosang Group discussion: challenges to considering #mentalhealth in #urbanplanning thriveurban #urbanthinkers

6. The City We Need has a singular identity and sense of place.

https://twitter.com/facebookguide2/status/691555505697886208

7. The City We Need is a safe city.

Matrix of linkages - TCWN 1.0 vs. new recommendations The following consensus text represents the recommendations of the UTC.

The City We Need: Principles for a New Urban Paradigm Original

Recommended changes

The City We Need is socially inclusive. It provides spaces for all segments and age groups of the population to partake in social and cultural expressions. It eliminates all physical and spatial forms of segregation and exclusion.

The City We Need is socially inclusive. It eliminates all physical and spatial forms of segregation and exclusion. It provides in particular for the needs and potential of the poor and other disadvantaged groups. It embraces cultural diversity, including differences of belief and language, and encourages social integration of migrants and refugees. It encourages all segments and age groups of the population to partake in social and cultural life.

The City We Need is well planned, walkable, and transitfriendly. Schools are within walking or biking distance from homes.

Offices are located no farther than a few transit stops away from homes. Shopping for daily necessities is within walking distance of residential buildings and located near transit stops. Open space for recreation is near schools, work, and home.

The City We Need is well planned, walkable, transit-friendly, and universally-accessible.

It develops and implements flexible, periodically-­�updated urban plans involving all partners and communities. Services, housing, workplaces, recreational and green space, transportation and public amenities should, as far as possible, be integrated at neighborhood level and within walking or biking distance of one another. Affordable and reliable public transport and mass transit should be encouraged.

The City We Need is a regenerative city. It is designed to be resilient by being energy efficient, low-carbon, and increasingly reliant on renewable energy sources. It replenishes the resources it consumes and recycles and reuses waste. It uses water, land, and energy in a coordinated manner and in harmony with its surrounding hinterland in support of urban and peri-urban agriculture.

The City We Need is a regenerative city. It is designed to be sustainable by being energy efficient, low-carbon, and increasingly reliant on renewable energy sources. It replenishes the resources it consumes and recycles and reuses waste. It uses water, land, and energy in a coordinated manner and in harmony with its surrounding hinterland. It supports and protects local food systems, including urban and peri-urban food production and family agriculture.

The City We Need is economically vibrant and inclusive. It encourages and fosters local economic development from the smallest entrepreneur to the largest corporations. It provides a one-stop-shop for streamlined licensing and other administrative services. It recognizes and protects the specific needs of the informal sector of the economy in its economic development policies and strategies.

The City We Need is economically vibrant and inclusive. It recognizes that health is a precondition for productivity. It encourages and fosters local economic development from the smallest entrepreneur to the largest corporation. It reduces bureaucratic and administrative barriers to participation in the economy, and provides enabling frameworks for small and emerging enterprises. It recognizes and protects the specific needs of the informal sector in its development policies and strategies. It encourages community business and entrepreneurship, the social and solidarity economy and corporate responsibility. It mobilizes sufficient resources to ensure the proper development and operation of basic infrastructure and services.

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The City We Need has a singular identity and sense of place.

It recognizes culture as key to human dignity and to sustainability. It involves cultural actors to unlock the creative potential of all citizens.

It strengthens the bonds between city and its surrounding hinterland.

The City We Need has a shared sense of place and belonging. It recognizes cultural diversity as key to human dignity and sustainability. It enlists cultural actors to unlock the creative potential of all citizens. It strengthens the bonds between the city and its surrounding hinterlands and between urban communities and their natural environments.

The City We Need is a safe city. The city is welcoming night and day, inviting all people to use the streets, parks, and transit without fear.

Public officials - the police, the fire department, and health, welfare, transit, and environmental services - and neighborhood residents and community groups communicate frequently and speak with one voice.

The City We Need is a safe city. The city is welcoming night and day, inviting all people to access and use its spaces, services and facilities without fear. Public officials, private actors, residents and community groups work hand in hand to assess and address security and safety issues.

The City We Need is a healthy city. The city’s parks and gardens are havens of peace and tranquillity and harbour local flora and fauna and biodiversity. All public and private entities providing public services (water, waste, energy, transport) work together with the city’s residents and have public and environmental health as a common performance indicator.

The City We Need is a healthy city. The city is designed to meet the basic needs of human beings and ensure their wellbeing. It recognizes that good health requires solutions that transcend the health sector, and acts to improve intersectoral communication and coordination for health. Political leadership is committed to healthy public policies and programs. The city takes radical action to monitor and reduce air, water, soil and noise pollution. It protects and promotes local biodiversity, and provides sufficient green areas. All public and private entities providing housing and public services (e.g., water, waste, energy, transport) work together with the city’s residents and assess the impact of their actions on public and environmental health as criteria for decision-‐making that are reflected in common performance indicators.

The City We Need is affordable and equitable. Land, infrastructure, housing, and basic services are planned with low income groups in mind. Public services are planned together with the communities they serve and consciously include the needs of women, youth, and vulnerable populations.

The City We Need is affordable and equitable. Resources are distributed equitably, and opportunities are available to all. Land, infrastructure, housing, transport, and basic services are planned with special attention to low-income and disadvantaged groups. Public services are designed with the participation of communities and consciously include the needs of women, older persons and youth, the disabled and vulnerable populations.

The City We Need is managed at the metropolitan level.

It coordinates sectoral policies and actions (economy, mobility, biodiversity, energy, water, and waste) within a comprehensive and coherent local framework. Communities and neighbourhoods are active participants in metropolitan decision making.

The City We Need is efficiently and transparently governed. It promotes effective partnerships and active engagement by all partners (public, private and civil society). It safeguards local democracy, encouraging participation, inclusion and accountability. It cooperates with other cities to exchange knowledge, expertise, experience and innovation. It actively engages in the coordination of sectoral policies and actions within a coherent and comprehensive governance framework, including across metropolitan zones and between municipalities.

The City We Need is resilient. It formulates medium- and long-term planning goals and anticipates and plans for shocks, including manmade and natural disasters, disease outbreaks, migration and climate change. It regularly assesses risks, and strengthens its resilience through integrated and participatory decision‐making in planning for emergencies and effective communication, especially to vulnerable populations, before, during, and after such emergencies.

Key outcomes of the UTC Participants recalled the WHO definition of health: a complete state of mental, physical and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity. Accordingly, key outcomes included: i.

ii.

Health and wellbeing should be fully incorporated into preparatory materials for Habitat III. The New Urban Agenda must recognize health as a fundamental aim of development, coequal with other aims, and the impacts on health of actions in all urban sectors (and vice versa) should be explicitly considered.

Much of the urban disease burden arises from failure to plan and manage cities for human beings. Development must be human-centered, address inequalities and promote social justice.

iii.

Linkages and complementarities among the SDGs (particularly goal 3 on health and goal 11 on cities) can be understood and addressed through systems approaches and identification of co-benefits. More funding and new mechanisms are also needed for interdisciplinary and applied research, particularly in the context of urban health.

Dr Georgina M Hosang @DrHosang

26 Jan 2016

Great discussion on the knowledge gaps in #UrbanHealth. Opportunity to try & put #MentalHealth on the agenda #urbanthinkers @urbandesignmh https://twitter.com/DrHosang/status/692204130090229761

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iv.

v.

There is a pressing need for more quantitative and qualitative data on health and its underlying determinants, disaggregated at all geographic scales and by socioeconomic groupings. To provide a basis for informed action, data collection and regular monitoring systems should be established that exploit new technologies, focus on variables implicated in multiple urban systems, and encompass not only capitals and mega-cities, but the small- and medium-sized cities where most urban growth occurs. Valuable evidence comes not only from expert research, but from the experience of communities.

of people. It is critical to bridge gaps between researchers, policy-makers and communities, and to increase individual and community access to existing and new knowledge. vi.

Aesthetics play a role in urban health and wellbeing, which has spiritual, social and cultural dimensions. While different cultural sensibilities will arrive at different solutions, cities should actively engage with art and promote beauty in design, architecture, spaces, and nature.

Knowledge management and research should provide evidence to policy-makers that is actionable, feasible and relevant to the needs

Urban Thinkers Session. Š UNU-IIGH photo

Key recommendations The UTC devoted thematic sessions to a range of topics, including classes of health outcomes in cities, emerging issues in urban health, and global and urban trends that intersect strongly with health. This section lists a) a set of general recommendations that recurred frequently across the thematic sessions and other UTC activities; and b) a set of summary recommenda-

tions from each thematic session. That many of the recommendations are closely mirrored across sections underscores the fundamentally integrated nature of health challenges in cities, and the opportunities for integrated action to improve human wellbeing.

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trans-disciplinary engagement to allow for better understanding of urban challenges.

ecosequestrust @ecosequestrust

25 Jan 2016

Safeguarding human health in the Anthropocene epoch #HealthUTC #UrbanThinkers @thriveurban @UNHABITAT @urbancampaign http://www.thelancet. com/commissions/planetary-health ‌

Recommendations from thematic sessions: i.

Flows of people. Although migrants and refugees often contribute strongly to urban economies and city life, they also often face significant health challenges in cities. Due to limitations on the availability and distribution of housing and resources, they tend to reshape urban social and economic geographies, posing challenges to existing social, economic and governance structures.

Early acknowledgement and engagement with migration flows can mitigate these issues, avoiding wider social problems. Governments should engage with migrants positively and proactively, anticipate flows, and work to prevent conflict through outreach and information-sharing. Early recognition by cities of potential population displacements arising from climate change is especially important.

ii.

Mental health. Some physical and social environments in urban areas are associated with higher rates of mental health issues than in rural areas. Urban design should aim to facilitate positive, safe and natural interactions among people and promote a pro-social sense of community and belonging. Opportunities to participate in community governance and flexible public spaces that encourage community activities are important, as are housing layouts that naturally promote positive interaction. Cities should provide green space, appropriate environment/street lighting and design that promotes safe and active mobility, in turn limiting traffic and noise pollution. Particular attention should be paid to vulnerable and marginalized groups and to ensuring that migrants are smoothly and promptly incorporated into city life.

iii.

Non-communicable disease. Urban areas worldwide have experienced a rising tide of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) associated with obesity, unhealthy diets, sedentary lifestyles, substance abuse, and environmental pollution. Urban approaches to addressing these issues must be multi-faceted, accounting for the different priorities, opportunities and habits of different population segments.

As such, more research is needed on best practices in integrated decision-making and transdisciplinary engagement. Nevertheless, urban decision-makers have access to many actions with clear positive effects on the distribution of NCDs. These include designing cities to be walkable and diminishing reliance on private motor vehicles, subsidizing healthy foods, acting to reduce tobacco and alcohol consumption, promoting exercise and active lifestyles, and investing in education.

https://twitter.com/ecosequestrust/status/691605811911598080

General recommendations: i.

Urban health and wellbeing depends critically on effective engagement and decision-making across sectors and scales. Cities have an opportunity to improve health by evaluating the extent to which their institutions and rules promote integrated solutions.

ii.

Urban solutions are generally more appropriate, feasible, and effective when they incorporate non-governmental, non-academic stakeholders in conceptualization, design and implementation. Cities should promote broad trans-disciplinary engagement in planning, evidence-gathering, and operations.

iii. More and better data is needed to inform and improve urban decision-making. Cities should collect and make available comprehensive data that allows for historical and current comparisons between cities, within cities among different groups of citizens or neighborhoods, and across metropolitan areas. They should take advantage of advances in communications and information technology and new sources of geo-spatial and social data, and look for partnerships with other entities that collect urban data.

Practice-based evidence should be prioritized in order to identify effective urban solutions. iv. Systems approaches are a key tool for improving urban health and wellbeing. They allow for conceptualization of complex relationships and identification of leverage points for action, and often lead to insights about the roots of unintended consequences of urban policies. Moreover, they address the need for inter- and

Dr Georgina M Hosang @DrHosang

25 Jan 2016

Milan Urban Food Policy Pact to address obesity and health issues in urban areas #urbanthinkers https://twitter.com/DrHosang/status/691808866787540992

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iv.

Equity. Greater equity provides for better utilization of the skills and capacities of individuals and communities and better assessment of their needs, leading to innovation, more effective democracy, improved health and wellbeing, and other desired outcomes.

Yet rising inequity threatens health gains in cities around the world.

Cities should act to address inequities by adopting non-GDP measures of success; by increasing the representation of women, minorities, disadvantaged and otherwise underrepresented groups in decision-making and planning processes; by improving education; and by engaging directly with communities to identify needs and priorities.

v.

Informal settlements. Informal settlements and slums, particularly in the developing world, feature some of the poorest health outcomes, reflecting poverty, lack of access to basic services, inadequate housing, overcrowding, and in some cases challenging physical environments. No standard solution exists to address such issues, as informal settlements are highly varied in their physical and social structures, institutions and capabilities. Cities should aim to empower and engage residents of such areas, responding to expressed local needs and building on existing resilience. Root causes of informality, including rapid migration and lack of jobs or affordable housing, should be proactively addressed. Providing pathways to secure land tenure can be an important element in improving health and wellbeing.

vi.

Injury. Because injuries often affect younger persons, they have major impacts on productivity and total years of potential life lost.

Cities are in a particularly advantageous position to prevent injuries through education, engineering and regulation. The urban built environment should be proactively designed to minimize risk. One important element, particularly in the developing world, is a focus on pedestrian infrastructure, which has co-benefits for health in encouraging active lifestyles and reducing air pollution from motorized vehicles. Improved surveillance and the application of geo-spatial technologies to better characterize risk could yield significant reductions in urban injuries.

KMU Malaysia @KMU_MY

26 Jan 2016

Urban Sub-system Influence Diagrams in Urban Thinker Campus in Kuching @urbancampaign @thriveurban @UNUniversity https://twitter.com/KMU_MY/status/692200659219800064

vii.

Infectious disease. Urbanization reshapes the way humans interact with other species and their environment. Cities should adopt a One Health perspective that recognizes the interdependence of human, animal and environmental health, seeking integrated opportunities for health promotion and risk reduction.

Reduction of the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry and improved surveillance for antimicrobial resistance and/or zoonotic infections, including those arising from rural-urban linkages, can strongly decrease urban risks. More broadly, cities should engage strongly in local, metropolitan and regional infectious disease surveillance and notification efforts, ensure the sufficiency of local laboratory capacity, and develop epidemic emergency response capability. Cities should invest in adequate sanitation and housing for the poorest, limit overcrowding in informal settlements, and promote strong hygienic practices at all scales.

viii. Resilience. Urban resilience requires effective infrastructure, including for transportation, communication, energy, sanitation, food and water. Cities should empower communities to act independently, developing local capacities to a level which facilitates self-sufficiency, awareness and self-determination. They should support local leadership and informal institutions; use advanced technology to anticipate disaster risks and impacts; develop and make use of existing city networks for information exchange; develop accountability and at all levels; and comply with the vision of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. Resilience planning should be people-centered.

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Youth Constituents Session. © UNU-IIGH photo

ix.

x.

xi.

Senses and . Human beings are connected to places via their senses. Cities should recognize the importance of sensory stimulation and beauty to health and wellbeing. The design of urban public and natural spaces should actively promote positive aesthetic experiences and provide a plurality of sensory experience to allow people to “search for beauty”, particularly in poorer communities where such considerations rarely come to the fore, while recognizing local cultural contexts. Beyond spiritual and emotional satisfaction and improved mental health, investments in aesthetics can also yield increased safety and reductions in disease risk, as where beautification campaigns target neighborhood waste.

Integrated decision-making. Because cities are complex adaptive systems, many decisions require integrated decision-making (IDM) to capture co-benefits, safeguard the rights and secure the participation of multiple stakeholders, and avoid negative unintended consequences. Cities should encourage IDM that transparently pursues clear health goals, engages those likely to be affected by actions, supports decentralization in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity, and minimizes bureaucratic inefficiencies. IDM should be evidence-based and free of undue political interference.

Traditional knowledge. Traditional knowledge, including aspects of built, cultural and natural heritage, can contribute to urban health and wellbeing. Cities should identify, document and preserve traditional knowledge and find innovative ways (e.g., social media) to ensure its transmission. Governments must protect the intellectual property rights inherent in traditional knowledge,

preventing exploitation and ensuring that communities profit from such knowledge. Where appropriate, traditional knowledge should be incorporated into formal decision-making processes. xii.

Planetary health. The health of the population is intimately linked to the state of the planet—current and accumulating changes affecting the function of Earth’s natural systems represent a long-term threat to human health. Urban populations contribute disproportionately to unsustainable uses of natural resources, and bear responsibility for action to address them. Many of the changes required to reduce the impact of cities on the planet (e.g., increased use of public transport, reduced use of fossil fuels as primary energy sources, increased energy efficiency of buildings, reduced consumption of red meat) are well-understood, yet demonstration examples are scarce, and more evidence is needed on alternative development strategies and inter- and trans-disciplinary evidence-gathering. A first step for cities in moving toward improved approaches to planetary health would be substituting more human-oriented measures of progress for GDP.

Paul Rosenberg @PauloroseWKC

26 Jan 2016

Even a simple, earthen bridge helped 120,000 invisible ppl become visible #urbanthinkers #TheCityWeNeed https://twitter.com/PauloroseWKC/status/692172176531681280

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xiii. Waste and pollution. Waste and pollution generate major costs and urban health risks, which are inequitably distributed among and within cities. They represent problems of collective action, which many stakeholders must work together to address. Cities should aim to improve technologies (including small-scale, source-oriented technologies) and regulations, but also to improve the education and awareness of citizens, including combating cultures of consumerism. Fundamental tools to address these issues include cradle-to-cradle approaches, life cycle assessment (LCA), extended producer responsibility (EPR), polluter pays principles, and identification of the co-benefits for health of pollution abatement and waste reduction.

Designing Healthy Places activity 26 January 2016. Š UNU-IIGH photo

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xiv. Food systems. Food systems influence a multitude of urban health outcomes, including hunger and adequate nutrition, obesity and NCDs, and infectious disease and antibiotic resistance, as well as environmental factors (e.g., soil and groundwater quality, greenhouse gas emissions). Cities should engage with the food industry and food handling services to improve food quality and availability and with consumers to promote healthy diets (e.g., in shopping centers and schools). Dietary guidelines should be locally relevant. Cities should recognize the essential position of food markets as public spaces; take advantage of the potential co-benefits of urban farming in terms of diet, education and community empowerment; and promote multi-purpose green areas in general. xv.

Access. Access must be understood as encompassing more than simply access to health services. All elements of urban life affect health, and cities should strive to provide universal and timely access to basic services, public spaces, public transport, decent jobs and natural environments. Access is a function both of regulation and of thoughtful urban design and planning; the urban environment should naturally promote interaction and integration among citizens.

To have real impacts on health, access must also be accompanied by education, information and empowerment of all stakeholders.

Urban Thinkers Session. Š UNU-IIGH photo

xvi. Technology. Technology has the potential to transform cities for better health and wellbeing, yet there is a tendency to focus only on the benefits of new technologies. Cities should support urban health research and evaluation, and involve their own design and planning institutions in assessing positive and negative impacts and the causal feedbacks that new technologies introduce into urban systems.

Kuching UTC group photo, 26 January 2016. Š UNU-IIGH photo

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Key actors

Urban solutions

A key insight from the UTC is that no single actor or set of actors can fully address challenges to urban health and wellbeing, or fully harness the dramatic potential of cities to improve human health. The actions proposed variously involve governments at all scales, urban professionals in many sectors, community groups and civil society, researchers and academics across a diversity of disciplines, representatives of disadvantaged and minority constituencies, business and industry, funding organizations, and individual citizens of urban areas.

Cities should…

Effective action to improve human health and wellbeing in cities will depend on all these actors and their ability to work together, placing health at the heart of urban development. This will require openness to collaboration, respect, and an awareness of the complexity and interconnectedness of urban issues; it will also require a systems view of the city to understand the consequences of complexity.

Corridor discussions during Kuching UTC (Waleska Caiaffa & Nicholas You). © UNU-IIGH photo

Outstanding issues A key goal of the UTC was to identify and compile a set of the most pressing knowledge gaps on how to ensure and promote urban health and wellbeing. This will be developed at UNU-IIGH into a research agenda for sustainable, just and healthy places. Among key questions are how best to understand urban complexity; how best to translate knowledge into effective action; and how best to ensure that health stands at the center of sustainable development.

• place health at the centre of sustainable development; • recognize the roots of health in ecological, economic and social factors and the links between the health of people and planet; • adopt systems approaches in conceptualizing and addressing urban problems, including involving communities, corporations and civil society in identifying and resolving challenges; • train decision-makers in performing health impact assessments and require their implementation across all sectors of urban development and city management;

Display of art work: Thrive Urban 24-26 January 2016. © UNU-IIGH photo

• promote the collection and use of better data—including geospatial and socio-ecological data and traditional knowledge—through opensource platforms, crowd-sourcing, better utilization of existing networks (e.g., C40, ICLEI) and data resources, and a focus on easily-collected variables that affect multiple urban systems; • align their risk reduction activities with the Sendai Framework, promote community resilience, assess risks and anticipate shocks, and act to improve resilience in times of non-crisis; • adopt the principles of the Kuching Agenda for Healthy, Just and Sustainable Places and the Dhaka Declaration on Urban Health in Sustainable Development.

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Speakers Dr Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa, Belo Horizonte Observatory for Urban Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil Dr Trevor Hancock, School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Canada Dr Barry Newell & Dr Katrina Proust, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia Ms Cynthia Nikitin, Project for Public Spaces, New York, USA Dr Nicholas You, founder and immediate former Chairman of the WUC Steering Committee, Nairobi, Kenya

Dr Godelieve van Heteren, Erasmus University, Netherlands

Dr Florence Egal, Independent Consultant, Italy

Dr Daniel Biau, Independent Consultant, France

Dr Barbara Norman, University of Canberra, Australia

Mr Hubert Fong, Public Bike Share, Malaysia

Dr Tony Capon, UN University – International Institute for Global Health, Malaysia

Dr Siddarth Agarwal, Urban Health Research Centre, India Mr Edmundo W; Mr Nicholas Levintow, International Labour Organization (ILO), UK Mr Mustapha Kamal Zulkarnain, Architect, Malaysia

Ms Uta Dietrich, UN University – International Institute for Global Health, Malaysia Dr Andrew Kiyu, Sarawak Health Department, Malaysia

List of all countries present 1. Australia 2. Bangladesh 3. Brazil 4. Canada 5. France 6. German 7. Ghana 8. India 9. Indonesia 10. Iran

11. Italy 12. Japan 13. Kenya 14. Kingdom of Lesotho 15. Kyrgz Republic 16. Malaysia 17. Netherlands 18. New Zealand 19. Nigeria 20. Pakistan

21. Palestine 22. Philippines 23. Solomon Islands 24. Switzerland 25. UK 26. USA 27. Vietnam

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List of organizations present 1. Assemblywoman Pulau Tikus, Malaysia 2. Australian National University, Canberra, Australia 3. BDA Bintulu, Malaysia 4. Centre for Environment Education, India 5. CITISTATES, USA 6. CityNet, South Korea 7. Curtin University, Perth, Australia 8. DBKL, KL City Hall, Malaysia 9. Deakin University, Australia 10. Divisonal Health Office Betong, Malaysia 11. Divisonal Health Office Kapit, Malaysia 12. Divisonal Health Office Kuching, Malaysia 13. Divisonal Health Office Miri, Malaysia 14. EAROPH, Malaysia 15. EMINENCE, Bangladesh 16. Energy Swap, UK 17. Erasmus University, Netherlands 18. Federal Dept Town and Country Planning, Malaysia 19. Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil 20. Flytech, Sarawak, Malaysia 21. Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia 22. Health Bridge, Vietnam 23. Health Care Without Harm – Asia, Philippines 24. Health Office Saratok, Malaysia

25. ICSU-IAMP-UNU-UHW, Xiamen, China 26. IIUM, Malaysia 27. IIUM, Pertubuhan Arkitek Malaysia 28. IMAN Research, Malaysia 29. Independent Consultant, France 30. Independent Media, Malaysia 31. Independent Researcher, Indonesia 32. Institute for Sustainable Future, UTS Sydney, Australia 33. InterAcademy Medical Panel (IAMP), Malaysia 34. Komuniti Muslim Universal, Kelantan, Malaysia 35. Kuching Buddhist Society, Malaysia 36. Kuching Resident Office, Malaysia 37. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK 38. Majlis Perbandaran Seberang Perai, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 39. Malaysian Association for the Blinds 40. Ministry of Lands and Housing, Nigeria 41. Ministry of Local Government and Community Development, Malaysia 42. Ministry of Resource Planning and Environment Sarawak, Malaysia 43. Ministry of Welfare, Women and Family Development Sarawak, Malaysia 44. Ministry Social Development, Malaysia 45. Miri City Council, Malaysia 46. Monash University Malaysia 47. National University of Lesotho

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48. Natural Resources and Environment, Sarawak, Malaysia 49. North Kuching City Hall, DBKU, Malaysia 50. Pacific Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development, Solomon Islands 51. Padawan Municipal Council, Malaysia 52. Pertubuhan Arkitek Malaysia-USHER 53. Project for Public Spaces, New York, USA 54. Public Bike Share, Penang, Malaysia 55. Rural Development Fund, Kyrgyz Republic 56. Sarawak Development Institute, Malaysia 57. Sarawak Education Department, Malaysia 58. Sarawak Health Department, Malaysia 59. Sarawak Land and Survey, Malaysia 60. Sarawak State Library, Malaysia 61. Sarawak State Planning Unit, Malaysia 62. Sekolah Sri Aman, Malaysia 63. Serian District Council, Malaysia 64. South Kuching City Hall, DBKS, Malaysia 65. Tanjungpura University, West Kalimantan, Indonesia 66. Taylor’s University, Malaysia 67. Think City, Malaysia 68. TMU/OtObike inc., Taiwan 69. Tokyo Medical and Dental University Alliance for Healthy Cities, Japan

70. UCL Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia 71. UiTM Sarawak, Malaysia 72. UN Major Group for Children and Youth (UNMGCY), Malaysia 73. UNICEF, KL, Malaysia 74. Université de Genève, Switzerland 75. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 76. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Johor, Malaysia 77. University Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia 78. University of Canberra, Australia 79. University of Cape Coast, Ghana 80. University of Kyoto, Japan 81. University of Lagos 82. University of London, UK 83. University of Southampton, UK 84. University of Victoria, Canada 85. University of Washington, USA 86. UNU-IAS, Tokyo, Japan 87. UNU-IIGH, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 88. Urban Health Resource Centre, India 89. WHO Kobe Centre, Japan 90. World Urban Forum, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 91. Yakin Impact S/B, Malaysia

http://www.thriveurban.info/

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