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Brevard County is a county in the state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 543,376. The official county seat has been located in Titusville since 1894, although most of the county’s administration is performed from Viera. Brevard County has more than one county courthouse and sheriff’s office because of its length. Hence, government services are not centralized in one location, as they are in many American counties. Brevard County comprises the Palm Bay-MelbourneTitusville, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located along the east Florida coast along the Atlantic Ocean.

changed significantly since its founding. The county is named for Judge Theodore W. Brevard, an early setter, and state comptroller. The official county seat has been located in Titusville since 1894, although most of the county’s administration is performed from Viera. 1.

Precolumbian

The first Paleoindians arrived in the area near Brevard county between 12,000 and 10,000 years ago. The Paleoindians were semi-nomadic people who lived in smaller groups. At that time, the earth was warming from its most recent ice age. The climate of the area then was very different from now; it was similar to that of Great Britain today. The area which today is Brevard County was probably not coastal at this period in time. The coast of Florida was about 100 miles (160 km) wider and the Indian River was simply a lower point on dry land.

Influenced by the presence of the John F. Kennedy Space Center, Brevard County is also known as the Space Coast. As such, it was designated with the telephone area code 321, as in 3-2-1 liftoff. The county is named after Theodore Washington Brevard, an early settler, and state comptroller. After a few thousand years, perhaps by around 3000 B.C. The History of Brevard peninsular Florida resembled County can be traced to the the land of today; in shape, prehistory of native cultures climate, fauna, and flora. The living in the area from pre- ocean had risen enough to Columbian times to the present flood the Indian River with salt age. Brevard County is a county water. in the U.S. state of Florida, along the coast of the Atlantic About this time, a new group Ocean. The geographic of settlers appeared known boundaries of the county have as “the archaic people.” World Views Guides

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These people were primarily fishermen, as opposed to the hunting and gathering way of life which characterized the Paleoindians. It is believed that these were the ancestors of the Native Americans who would come in contact with the Europeans when they arrived. 2.

From Spanish rule to statehood

The Ais and the Jaega were the dominant tribes in the area when it is thought that Ponce De Leon landed on the shores near Melbourne Beach in 1513. There were about 10,000 of these natives in the area. In 1565, French survivors from Jean Ribault’s Fort Caroline whose ship the Trinite wrecked on the shores of Cape Canaveral and from whose timbers, a fort was built. Pedro Menéndez de Avilés gave an early account of the Ais Indians in 1570 when he was shipwrecked off of Cape Canaveral. He faced hostile natives but though the use of a bluff was able to escape from them and get back to St. Augustine. In 1605, Alvero Mexia was dispatched from St. Augustine to the Indian River area on a diplomatic mission to the Ais Indian Nation. He helped establish a “Period of Friendship” with the Ais

Caciques(Chiefs) and made a again, Florida finally became a have shifted such that the color map of the area. United States territory. southernmost parts of present Heavy mosquito infestation In 1837, Fort Ann was day Brevard, were originally and the threat of Indian attacks established on the eastern shore the northernmost parts. The kept the area from having any of the Indian River on a narrow original county seat was permanent white settlements. strip of land on Merritt Island. located at Susannah, an early The Spanish quickly left the During the construction of name for present day Fort area, but left a deadly reminder the Hernández–Capron Trail, Pierce. Later the southern part of their visit: European diseases. General Joseph Hernandez of Brevard split off to form a In 1763, the Spanish took the and his militiamen encamped new county, St. Lucie County last 80 natives to Cuba. Within near present day Mims. These in 1905. Gradually, the borders 200 years, almost the entire settlements were short lived of Brevard County were shifted precolumbian population of and were abandoned shortly northward while the county got “pinched” eastward. The Florida had died out. Creek thereafter. portions of Brevard County in Indians from the north quickly present day Broward and Palm swept down from Georgia 3. Statehood to 1900 Beach counties were given to and the Carolinas to fill the In 1845, Florida became the Dade County, western areas void. These Indians became 27th state of the Union. of the county were given to known as the Seminole. Their activity in Brevard County During the 19th century, the Polk and Osceola County, and was intermittent and usually state of Florida was constantly parts of Volusia and Orange changing the names and Counties were given to not permanent. borders of counties. St. Lucie Brevard including the eventual Throughout the 18th century, County was split off from county seat of Titusville. Later, the great European powers Mosquito County in 1844. St. the southern portion of the Spain, Great Britain and France Lucie County was renamed county was cut off to form St. vied for power in Florida. Brevard County in 1855 Lucie County, which in turn Their interest in the peninsula after Theodore Washington spawned Martin and Indian was more strategic than for River County. Brevard, who served as building any real settlements. In Florida Comptroller from The first permanent settlement contrast to today, where living 1854 to 1860. This “Brevard in present day Brevard in Florida means comfort and County” contained very little was established near Cape the “good life” to many people, of present day Brevard County. Canaveral in 1848. After the Florida in the 18th century Most of present day Brevard establishment of a lighthouse, was seen as a hostile place north of Melbourne was part a few families moved in and with dangerous fauna such as of either Volusia or Orange a small, but stable settlement poisonous snakes, alligators counties. Brevard County in was born. Gradually, as the and panthers. Death by malaria 1856 extended as far west as threat of Seminole Indian was a possibility and death at Polk County and as far south attacks became increasingly the hands of angry Indians as coastal Broward County. unlikely, people began to seemed even more likely. After Complicating the discussion move into the area around the being under Spanish, French, of Brevard County in the 19th Indian River. In the 1850s a British, and then Spanish rule century is that the boundaries World Views Guides | June 2014

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small community developed at Sand Point which eventually became the city of Titusville. Unlike other areas of Florida, the American Civil War had little effect on Brevard County, other than perhaps slow the movement of settlers to the area. In 1864, the county seat was moved to Bassvile, an area presently in Osceola County on the southeast shore of Lake Tohopekaliga. In 1874, the county seat was moved to Eau Gallie. Then in 1875 the seat was moved to Lake View. In 1870, the Barber–Mizell feud erupted due to resentment over Reconstruction, a boundary dispute with Orange County, and cattle taxation. By the 1880s, the cities along the Indian River included Melbourne, Eau Gallie, Titusville, Rockledge, and Cocoa. Unlike cities further inland in Florida, these cities did not have to rely as heavily on roads. The primary way of transversing the county was by water. In 1877 commercial steamboat transportation became a reality as the steamboat Pioneer was brought to the area. The first real boom to the area occurred with the extension of Henry Flagler’s Florida East Coast Railroad into the area. The railroad reached Titusville

in 1886 and Melbourne in 1894. With the railroad came increased settlement and the first tourists.

area of Florida, it instantly became the launching pad into outer space. What had once been a primarily low-tech farmer/fisherman economy 4. 20th century to present was transformed into a hightech engineering and computer The advent of the automobile economy. age brought even more growth to Brevard County as resorts While the county was and hotels popped up all around technically inhabitable, it was the county. As the automobile overrun by mosquitoes much became increasingly important of the year in wet areas, which as a means of transportation, included much of the county. roads connecting Brevard Mosquitoes were controlled County to the rest of Florida in 1950 by the advent of the and ultimately the rest of the now-banned insecticide, DDT. Much of the county became nation were built. inhabitable. Many people The first major land boom moved in. When DDT became began in the 1920s with the illegal, more environmentallyend of World War I. People friendly insecticides and other flooded into the state of Florida mosquito control methods as land prices soared, only to were used. bust as the Great Depression 1982, Windover temporarily stopped growth In Site was in Florida. Before the start Archaeological discovered. of World War II, the largest industries in Brevard were As a very long, but not very commercial fishing, citrus, and wide county, there had been a tourism. lot of complaints from people

In 1940, the Naval Air Station Banana River (now Patrick Air Force Base) was built. This began a new era in the development of Brevard County. Later, in the late 50s, the Long Range Proving Ground was opened. This later became the Kennedy Space Center. This changed the entire complexion of the county; where Brevard had once been considered a “backwoods”

in the southern, more populous side of the county about being so distant from the county seat. A trip to conduct county business in Titusville was 50 miles (80 km) from the most populous city in the county, Palm Bay. There was talk of secession on the southern end of the county, and the county decided to build a new county administration complex at Viera near the geographical

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center of the county. This complex was started in 1989, and resulted in a counterthreat of secession from the Titusille end of the county. This proposal to form a new county, Playalinda County had some momentum in the early 90s. The county made a few concessions to the people in the northern part of the county, and agreed not to officially move the county seat. Viera; however, is for all intents and purposes the de facto seat of Brevard County.

were in that area. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,557 square miles (4,030 km2), of which 1,016 square miles (2,630 km2) is land and 541 square miles (1,400 km2) (34.8%) is water. Most of the water is the Atlantic Ocean, the St. Johns River and the Indian River Lagoon. The county is larger in area than the nation of Samoa and nearly the same size, and population, as Cape Verde. It is one-third the size of the state of Rhode Island. The summer of 1998 produced some of the worst brush fires Located halfway between on record.70,000 acres (280 Jacksonville and Miami, km2; 110 sq mi) were burned. Brevard County extends 72 Prior to instituting controlled miles (116 km) from north to burns, the county forests and south, and averages 26.5 miles pastures burned for months (42.6 km) wide. In marshes in during the dry season. From the western part of this county the 1940s to the 1970s, the state is the source of the St. Johns assumed control of burning River. Emphasizing its position that prevented uncontrolled as halfway down Florida is fires. In 2006, the state burned the presence of two roads that a record 72,065 acres (291.64 are halfway down Florida’s km2; 112.602 sq mi) in the numbering system, State Road 50 and State Road 500. county. The Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway along the eastern 1. Geography edge of Brevard County is In federal maps constructed the major waterway route in before 2012, nearly half of Brevard County. It includes Brevard was prone to flooding. the Indian River. Additional Most of this was in the relatively waterways include Lake undeveloped low-lying areas, Washington, Lake Poinsett, west of Interstate 95, on the Lake Winder, Sawgrass Lake, banks of the St. Johns River. the St. Johns River, and the About 18,900 homes out of Banana River. 164,000 single-family homes World Views Guides

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Brevard County is the sole county in the Palm Bay – Melbourne – Titusville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area (formerly the Melbourne-Titusville-Cocoa, Florida Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area and MelbourneTitusville-Palm Bay, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area). There is no major urban center. The county is unofficially divided into three section, North County, comprising Titusville, Mims and Port St. John; Central Brevard, which includes Cocoa, Rockledge, Merritt Island, and Cocoa Beach; and South County, which includes Melbourne, Palm Bay, Grant, Valkaria, and the South Beaches. The South Beaches is a term that measures direction south from the dividing line of Patrick Air Force Base, and includes South Patrick Shores, Satellite Beach, Indian Harbour Beach, Indialantic, and Melbourne Beach. The county government has historically labeled the beach areas differently. The North Reach includes 9.4 miles (15.1 km) in Cape Canaveral and Cocoa Beach. The Patrick Air Force Base beach is 4.1 miles (6.6 km). The Mid Reach includes the 7.6 miles (12.2 km) in Satellite Beach. The South Reach includes the 3.8 miles (6.1 km) in Indialantic

and Melbourne Beach. The • Haulover Canal, Mims – South Beaches include 14.5 transportation miles (23.3 km) south of • Melbourne Tillman Melbourne Beach to Sebastian. Canal, Melbourne West – drainage The United States Board • Old Canal, Wilson on Geographic Names is C-1 (Canal 1), which is considering two proposals • to officially name the barrier maintained by the Melbourneisland extending from Port Tillman Water Control District C-54 Canal – on the Canaveral to Sebastian Inlet. • The 45-mile-long (72 km) south Brevard County Line – drainage island includes the city of L-15 Canal – Crane Cape Canaveral, Cocoa Beach, • Indialantic, Melbourne Beach, Creek Drainage District which Patrick Air Force Base, and has a watershed of about 12,000 acres (4,900 ha). Satellite Beach. The American Indian Association of Florida submitted in October 2011 a proposal to name the island after the Ais people. The United Third Bridge and the Florida Puerto Rican/Hispanic Chamber of Commerce in Melbourne submitted in January 2012 a proposal to name the island after Juan Ponce de León. The Board of Geographic Names usually takes at least eight months to decide on a new name for a geographical feature.

There are 16 municipalities. The largest by population is Palm Bay, the smallest Melbourne Village. The county has eight canals for transportation and drainage: •

Canaveral Barge Canal, Courtenay – transportation • Faulk Canal, Cocoa • Grand Canal, Tropic

particular event 162 homes were damaged.

Temperature varies noticeably in this 72-mile-long (116 km), north-to-south, county, particularly in winter. In north county, northern (temperate climate) flora can thrive, like deciduous trees. In the south county, sub-tropical plants can grow, such as royal palm trees. Progressing from west to east, there is a moderating effect from the ocean and, to a lesser extent, from the Indian River; so eastern low temperatures are higher, and high temperatures 1. Geology are lower, than is measured further west. The soil contains high levels of phosphorus. January is the coldest month, 2.

Climate

The county has a Köppen climate classification of Cf with a year-round distribution of rainfall. This means a humid subtropical climate with hot, humid summers. There are distinct wet and dry seasons. The dry lasts from December through May, the wet from June through November. During the dry season, periods of drought often occur, and can lead to a persistent and high wild land fire threat. In numerous instances these fires have caused property damage. In one case several fires in 2008 forced the evacuation of Bayside Highschool In the town of Palm Bay. In this

with an average low of 50.7 °F (10.4 °C) and an average high 71 °F (22 °C). The warmest months are July and August with average highs of 90 °F (32 °C) and average lows of 72.2. The driest month is April with 1.6 inches (4.1 cm) of rainfall; the wettest is September, with 6.6 inches (17 cm). Offshore ocean temperatures have averaged: January – 64 °F (18 °C), February – 62 °F (17 °C), March – 67 °F (19 °C) and April – 72 °F (22 °C). Florida is a large subtropical state that experiences hurricanes. Although Brevard county is located along Florida’s eastern peninsula, it is less frequently impacted World Views Guides | June 2014

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by direct hurricane landfalls than portions of the Panhandle or South Florida. There are two predominant reasons for this. First, westward moving tropical systems often reach an atmospheric ridge weakness in the Bermuda High by the time they approach Florida at a latitude as northerly as Brevard County. Combined with frontal systems that exit the United States’ East Coast, many of these tropical systems are steered northwest and eventually curve northward offshore along Florida’s East Central Coast. A second reason is that hurricanes landfalling along the Florida peninsula Gulf Coast often weaken to a tropical storm by the time they move northeast to affect Brevard County (with some exceptions, such as 2004’s Charley). Although Brevardians may refer to past storms as “hurricanes”, by the time they strike there, some of them may have subsided to tropical storms or depressions. Because of the threat of storm surge, the beach community on the barrier island is often required to evacuate well in advance of the storm. The possibility of storm surge is diminished when the storm comes across the state instead of from the Atlantic. Tornado-like eddies spinning

off from even small storms can result in severe damage in small areas. Generally, summertime tornadoes are brief, are at the EF0 or EF1 level, and may not actually touch down. During the dry season, they can attain a force of EF2 and touch the ground for miles. While tornadoes in the Midwest are more severe, a higher rate of deaths are experienced in Florida, and Brevard County, specifically, due to higher population density and quantity of manufactured homes.

The following storms did not affect Brevard County with hurricane force winds: Floyd (September 15, 1999), and Irene (October 16, 1999). Tropical Storm Fay dropped a record rainfall of 27.65 inches (70.2 cm) in 2008.

The winter of 2009–2010 was the coldest on record since 1937 when records were first kept. Planting season, which normally starts around February 14, came six weeks later instead. Some flowers and herbs are planted as early Five hurricanes have directly as January. December 2010 affected Brevard since 1950: was the coldest December on David (September 3, 1979); record. Erin (August 2, 1995) – made landfall near Sebastian Inlet 1. Environment and caused mostly minor wind County works damage and more extensive Brevard flooding countywide; Charley together with the federal and (August 13, 2004) – caused state government to control damage in Titusville and North pollution and preserve wetlands Brevard; Frances (September and coastal areas through lands 3, 2004) – struck neighboring dedicated to conservation and wildlife protection. Vero Beach in Indian River County directly and caused There are 250 square miles (650 widespread wind damage km2) of federally protected throughout Brevard; and wildlife refuges. These lands Jeanne (September 26, 2004) include Merritt Island National – struck Vero Beach directly, Wildlife Refuge, the Canaveral following very nearly the same National Seashore, the St. Johns path as Frances. The latter two National Wildlife Refuge, the storms caused widespread Archie Carr National Wildlife damage in South Brevard, and Refuge, several conservation resulted in $2.8 billion in claim areas managed by the St. Johns payments. Slightly more than River Water Management half of one percent (0.6%) of District, Brevard County’s houses were lost. Environmentally Endangered World Views Guides | June 2014

Lands Program Sanctuaries, but has found the environment and lands dedicated by the congenial. The Florida State as conservation areas. Butterfly Monitoring Network has counted species of butterflies monthly for a year 3. Adjacent counties since 2007. In 2010, it counted • Volusia County, Florida 45 species. Included are zebra – north swallowtail butterflies. Fish • Indian River County, and reptiles include alligators, Florida – south red snapper, sea turtles, scrub • Osceola County, Florida lizards, and rat snakes. There – southwest are an estimated 3,500 gopher • Orange County, Florida tortoises in the county. They – west are on the endangered list. 4.

Fauna

There are 4,000 species of animals locally. Common mammals include North American river otters, bobcats, white-tailed deer, raccoons, marsh rabbits, and opossum. Feral pigs, introduced by Europeans, present an occasional traffic hazard. Lovebug season occurs twice annually in May and August– September. Motorists, usually, encounter swarms of these while driving during a fourweek period Yellow flies are particularly noticeable from April through June. There were 596 manatees in Brevard County in 2009, out of a total of 3,802 in the state. This is a decline from 2007 when there was a total of 859 out of a state total of 2,817. Bottlenose dolphin are commonly seen in the intercoastal waterway. The poisonous brown recluse spider is not native to the area World Views Guides

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Florida Scrub Jays (an endangered species), Wood Storks, grackles, Great Horned Owls, Northern Mockingbirds, Brown Thrashers, catbirds, Green-winged Teals, Greater Yellowlegs, Western Sandpipers, Least Sandpipers, Dowitchers, and American White Pelicans. Peak migration in the fall is from the last week in September through the first week in October. Fall migration tends to be stronger than spring North Atlantic right whales because birds typically take different flyways. give birth near the coast of Brevard, among other places, 5. Flora from November 15 to April 15. They are rare, a protected Live oak trees, various grasses, and juniper plants were sufficiently species. 1.

Avian

Turkey vultures, a migrating species, are protected by federal law. They migrate north in the summer and return in September. The county’s most common winter bird is the Lesser Scaup, a diving duck. In 2008, half a million were counted. In 2010, 15,000 were estimated. Local bird counts indicate that there are at least 163 species of birds in the county. Other birds include the Red-shouldered Hawk, the Loggerhead Shrike, the endangered Red-cockaded Woodpecker, Cooper’s Hawks, Pileated Woodpeckers, Savannah Sparrows, rails (which also includes coots),

common to generate pollen noticeable by some people in February. Native trees include Cabbage Palm (the state tree of Florida), fringetree, coral bean, sweet acacia, geiger tree, firebush, beautyberry, coral honeysuckle, and blanket flower. Native plants include Sea Grape, Red Mulberry, Purslane, Dandelion, Spanish Bayonet, Blackberry, Jerusalem Artichoke, Dogwood, and Gallberry.

On the east coast of the state, mangroves have normally dominated the coast from Cocoa Beach southward. Northward these may compete with salt marshes moving in from the north, depending on the annual weather conditions.

Demographics

Historical population Census Pop. %± 1860 246 — 1870 1,216 394.3% 1880 1,478 21.5% 1890 3,401 130.1% 1900 5,158 51.7% 1910 4,717 −8.5% 1920 8,505 80.3% 1930 13,283 56.2% 1940 16,142 21.5% 1950 23,653 46.5% 1960 111,435 371.1% 1970 230,006 106.4% 1980 272,959 18.7% 1990 398,978 46.2% 2000 476,320 19.4% 2010 543,376 14.1% Est. 2013 550,823 1.4%

The county grew by 14% between 2000 and 2010, to 543,376 people. West Melbourne grew by 78% and unincorporated Suntree/ Viera by 81%. In Beachside, there was a drop in population. Hispanics doubled during the decade. The black population grew by 37%. Non-Hispanic whites rose by 6%.

26.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.00% were married couples living together, 10.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.20% were nonfamilies. 26.90% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. As of the census of 2000, there were 476,230 The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.84. people and 132,394 families residing in the county. The population density was 468/sq The population was distributed as follows: mi (181/km²). With 222,072 housing units the 22.00% under the age of 18, 6.80% from 18 to average housing density was 218 sq mi (84/ 24, 27.10% from 25 to 44, 24.30% from 45 to km²). 64, and 19.90% who were 65 years of age or From 2007 through 2010, the population has older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 95.90 males. For every been essentially static. 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.30 The racial makeup of the county was: males. In 2007, 30% of the population was over 55. In 2010, the oldest person in the county was • White – 84.81% a 110-year-old Titusville man. In 2009, there • Black or African American – 10.40% were 5,172 births in the county. • Hispanic or Latino – 4.61%. A plurality of Hispanics, 40%, are of Puerto Rican descent. In 2009, two percent of the people in the county • two or more races – 1.77% were over 85. In 2009, there were 130,508 • Asian – 1.50% people 60 and over in the county. • other races – 1.09% 9.50% of the population and 6.80% of families • Native American – 0.37% are below the poverty line. Out of the total • Pacific Islander – 0.06% population, 13.00% of those under the age of There were 198,195 households out of which 18 and 6.50% of those 65 and older are living World Views Guides | June 2014

below the poverty line. In 2010, In the 1950s, the county 10% were living in poverty, population was just under compared with 13% statewide. 24,000. In 1960, it was just In 2005, the Palm Bay- over 111,000. In 1969, at the Melbourne-Titusville, Florida height of the space program, it was 234,000. Metropolitan Statistical Area,

which consists solely of In 2010, about 5% of Brevard County, was estimated Brevardians spoke Spanish at to stand 91st in population out home. of 263 in the country. In 2010, 8% of Brevardians In 2006, the county stood 10th were born outside of the in population in the state, out of US, compared with 19% for 67. The increase in population Florida. from 2000 was 11.8%, less In 2012, the Urban Institute than the Florida average of ranked the Brevard metro 12.7%. fourth in the country for In 2010, 90% of residents had a high school degree, compared with 85% statewide. In 2009, 25.7% of residents had an undergraduate degree, below the national average of 27.7%, but the same as the rest of Florida. 14.7% of residents over 25 had undergraduate degrees in engineering. This is almost twice the national average.

According to the 2000 census, the county had about 80,000 veterans. 21% of the population older than 18 is a veteran. This had dropped to 74,000 in 2010. This was 21% of the people in the county. An actual count by a local agency in 2010 indicated that 225 of veterans were homeless. In 2007, a local census by volunteers counted 1,899 homeless residents. World Views Guides

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racial equality between Afro-Americans and whites. Criteria were integration of neighborhoods, income, and the quality of schools minorities attend. The area was ranked first for Hispanic equality with whites.

Metropolitan Statistical Area

The United States Office of Management and Budget has designated Brevard County as the Palm Bay-MelbourneTitusville, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area. The United States Census Bureau ranked the Palm Bay-MelbourneTitusville, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area as the 98th most populous metropolitan statistical area and the 96th most populous primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012. 4.

Government

Brevard county commissioners are elected by the public to establish ordinances and policies for the county. The Commission appoints a County Manager, who executes the will of the Commission. The 1. Religion county employed about 2,900 In 2010, Evangelical workers in 2009. Protestants numbered 79,893; mainline Protestants 30,877; There are 16 autonomous governments Catholics 64,831; Unaffiliated municipal within the county. The various 353,946. cities, towns and villages of In 2000, the following were Brevard have varying reliance counted by denomination: on services provided by the Brevard County government. • Catholics 79,847 • Evangelical Protestant There are about 100,000 homes outside organized 59,301 whose • Mainline Protestant municipalities, occupants are directly served 35,901 by the county government. • Other 8,663 • Orthodox 2,804 A centrally located County • Unclaimed 289,714

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Government Center in Viera houses the various county • government branches, including Housing and Human • Services, Juvenile Justice, • Public Safety, Public Works and Solid Waste Management. •

seats are held by Tom Goodson representing the 50th district, Ritch Workman representing the 52nd district, John Tobia representing the 53rd district, Steve Crisafulli representing the 51st district, and Debbie Mayfield representing the 54th The Brevard County district. government had annual Commissioners were paid expenditures just over $1 $58,308 annually in 2011. billion in the fiscal year The following are considered 2009–2010, exclusive of the state officials but are elected Prior to the creation of districts in 1967, state representatives municipalities. In 2009, real and paid by the county: were elected by county. estate taxes for homesteaded Sheriff – Wayne Ivey Beginning in 1967, Brevard property averaged .83% of • Clerk of the Courts – County was represented by the value of the property. Real • estate taxes are levied by each Scott Ellis. The clerk’s office the 71st, 72nd, 73rd, and authority. They are collected had 323 workers, including 74th districts. Following subcontractors. redistricting in 1970, the by the County Tax Collector. Brevard Property county was represented by The total taxable real estate • Appraiser – Dana Blickley the 44th, 45th, 46th, 47th base was $33.7 billion in 2009. • Tax Collector – Lisa and 48th districts. Following County taxes rose 26.5% in Cullen redistricting in 1982, the total per capita revenue from Supervisor of Elections county was represented by the 2002 to 2007, and 49.8% in • – Lori Scott 31st, 32nd, 33rd, 34th, 77th, property tax per capita in the • State Attorney – Phil and 78th districts. Following same time frame. Delinquent Archer redistricting in 1992, the county taxes were $36 million in 2008. • Public Defender – Blaise was represented by the 29th, In 2012 bonds issued by the Trettis 30th, 31st, and 32nd districts. county were given a rating of Following redistricting in 2002, AA by the Fitch Group and Brevard County lies within the county was represented by improved ratings by Moody’s. Florida’s 24th congressional district, which seat is held the 29th, 30th, 31st, 32nd, and Brevard County has two by Sandy Adams, and within 80th districts. unique election districts. One Florida’s 8th congressional governs Port Canaveral; the district, which seat is held by 2. Justice system other, the maintenance of the Bill Posey. The county has centralized Sebastian Inlet. The county lies within two state most county and circuit courts senatorial districts, 13th and in Viera which try a variety 1. Elected officials 16th. They are held by Thad of cases including felonies, County Commissioners: Altman and Andy Gardiner. misdemeanors, traffic, and • District 1 – Robin Fisher The county lies within five state domestic. The courthouse in • District 2 – Chuck representative districts. These Titusville provides the venue World Views Guides

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Nelson District 3 – Trudie Infantini District 4 – Mary Bolin District 5 – Andy Anderson, Chairman County Manager – Howard Tipton

for circuit and county cases arising in the north part of the county while the courthouse in Melbourne is the venue for county cases arising in the southern portion of the county. An elected State Attorney prosecutes criminal cases for the State of Florida. Indigent defendants can be represented by the office of the elected Public Defender. The 18th Circuit Court includes Seminole County as well as Brevard and covers not only the court itself but the State Attorney and the Public Defender. In 2008, the public defender had a staff of 45 lawyers in Brevard who handled about 24,000 cases annually.

expanding the jail on four occasions. The sheriff solved the problem by the construction of a large but less expensive “hardened tent” to house non-violent offenders. Crowding reached its peak in 2007 at 1,988 inmates, 300 over capacity. The budget for the facility was $42 million in 2010. There were 1,585 residents. Costs for feeding and housing was $72 per inmate daily. There were 475 staff members.

The County elects a sheriff, directly responsible to the courts but also to the state for the enforcement of state laws. Police chiefs, appointed by their cities or towns, perform the same function locally. There is no overlap in jurisdictions. Some volunteers work alongside paid professionals.

A unit of the Coast Guard, homeported at Port Canaveral, plays a role in preventing illegal immigration and is an interdictor of drugs in the area.

Most municipalities are located on at least one waterway. This has resulted in the county and seven cities having a boat or access to one to aid boaters, or to enforce the law in the water in their jurisdiction. The county jail is a 1976 facility which rapidly became overcrowded. Voters rejected

The county jail retains inmates awaiting trial or those who have been sentenced to a year or less. Longer sentences must be served in state prisons, such as the facility in Sharpes for young men.

The States Attorney’s Office sponsors the Victim/Witness Services. This provides advocates to alleged victims of violent crime and their families. The advocate helps the family understand the legal system as they navigate through it. They also seek out financial assistance or counseling they might need. In 2005 they helped 8,448 alleged victims in Brevard County.

Public services

Public safety

Public safety for unincorporated areas of the county is the responsibility of the Brevard County Sheriff’s Office. All but three of the 17 incorporated municipalities, Malabar, Cape Canaveral and Palm Shores, maintain their own law enforcement services. Those three contract that service to the Sheriff’s Office. In 2009, there were 1,200 law enforcement officers working in the county, of which 361 are sheriff’s deputies. Of all crime that came to the attention of the sheriff’s office in 2007, 80% was drug-related. From January to June 2009, the county reported a total of 10,037 crimes. Of these, a majority, 3.002, were under the jurisdiction of the sheriff’s department. In 2009, the crime rate was 3,471.3 propertyrelated crimes per 100,000 residents, slightly above the national average. Public safety for Port Canaveral is under the direction of the Port Authority. Traditionally, emphasis was placed on monitoring the content of containerized cargo on incoming ships, as well as underwater inspection of arriving ships that could be carrying explosive devices. In 2008, the Canaveral World Views Guides | June 2014

Port Authority Board of Commissioners approved the creation of an independent police department.

The Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge and the Canaveral National Seashore are two national wildlife refuges in the county that offer recreational pursuits such 2. Utilities as hiking, wildlife viewing, Three cities provide potable paddling, and environmental water and sewage for their education. cities and surrounding areas: Cocoa, Melbourne, and 5. Elections Titusville. Where available, residents were obligated to 1. Registration hook into the system. In 2012, there were 90,000 septic tanks. In 2010, there were 154,057 Republicans, Stormsewer fees vary. In registered 2014, the county charged $36 130,214 registered Democrats, annually per household. Cities and 73,549 other. Voter turnout and towns charged from $36 in 2010 was 55.8%, the second lowest in 28 years. to $$77.52 per household annually.

Public recreation

More than 200 parks, three campgrounds, and six public golf courses in the county are managed by local government agencies. In 11 sanctuaries that protect natural ecosystems, the county’s Environmentally Endangered Lands (EEL) Program offers passive recreation opportunities such as hiking, wildlife viewing, biking and paddling. In 2013, there was a total of 24,000 acres (9,700 ha), with 62 miles (100 km) of trails and 120 miles (190 km) of fire lanes. The quantity of fire lanes was considered insufficient. World Views Guides

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Brevard number one, out of 200 largest metropolitan areas, in overall job growth for 2005. The National Association of Realtors reported that existing homes prices in Brevard rose 33% annually the third quarter of 2005, the sixth highest metropolitan area in the nation (out of 147). There was a slight decrease in existing home prices the last quarter of 2005. In January 2005, CNN/Money ranked the homes in “Palm Bay”, perhaps referring to all of the Space Coast, as “49% overvalued” and within 10% of the most overvalued homes in the United States.

In 2005, the Sunrise Bank of Cocoa Beach became the first In 2004, Brevard County bank in the state to have a ranked 13th out of 318 largest mobile branch. counties in the US for increase In early 2005, Forbes ranked in the number of jobs. The the area 27th in job growth out county moved from 70 to 31 of 150 metropolitan areas in out of the top 200 metropolitan the country. The county ranked areas “Best Performing”. 18th in the nation for mid-sized This improvement was driven areas in 2006. mainly by job growth. The Employment 2004 hurricane recovery Manpower helped the area achieve high Outlook Survey said the hiring outlook in Brevard for the last employment. quarter of 2005 was the 19thIn 2004, Brevard experienced best in the nation among the its best October and November 470 communities participating tourism until then, despite in the survey. widespread hurricane damage and loss of five beachside Nearly 44,943 new houses hotels. Four of these hotels were built from 2000 through 2009. This was enough to house were restored by 2006. 112,000 people. However, The Milken Institute ranked only 60,000 people moved 6.

Economy

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l Start a recycling program at your school l Car pool l Use public transportation l Use e-mail instead of paper correspondence

l Change incandescent bulbs to fluorescent bulbs l Use both sides of the paper l Plant a tree l Buy rechargeable batteries for devices used frequently

If every person takes one small step toward being more conscientious of the environment, the collective effort will change the planet. World Views Guides | June 2014

into the county, leaving the remaining homes vacant and helping to precipitate bursting of the United States housing bubble. In 2000, there were 198,195 households in the county and 222,072 units for an occupancy rate of 89.1%. Between 2000 and 2009, more than twice as many houses were built than were needed. Nearly 47,000 houses were built, but the number of households increased by 22,000, dropping the occupancy rate to 81.9%.

prices of existing homes rose from the previous year. This was the first rise in 4½ years. The average house sold for $87,700 in February 2011.

Annual foreclosures rose from a low of 1,144 in 2005 to 9,228 in 2008. From 2007 to March 2010, there were 25,600 foreclosure filings. In 2010, it In a separate study, a consulting was found that 1/3 or more of firm determined that house real estate sales were due to foreclosures. prices in the county were 46.1% overvalued in 2005 at The county Domestic Product $212,000 average. The same was $14.5 billion in 2009. firm determined that prices In 2010 and 2011, the Brookings were 19.3% undervalued in Institution reported that 2008 at $129,400. The average Brevard ranked in the bottom price in December 2009, fell to fifth of the nation’s top metro a new recent low of $104,100. areas, based on unemployment, In 2005, Inc. magazine voted In January 2010, sales dropped gross metropolitan product, the Space Coast as the best to 434 monthly, also a recent housing prices and foreclosed place to do business in Florida low. properties. Foreclosures and sixth in the country. The housing vacancy rate hit reached a monthly high of The county’s median home price reached a high in August 2005 at $248,700. New home permits fell in 2007 to 1,894, the lowest since 1982. Sales of existing homes fell 19% in 2007 from the prior year to 373 monthly. The median drop in home prices was 50% from 2005 to 2008, from $248,700 to $125,200. However, when choices for smaller homes was eliminated, prices on individual homes fell 25%; down 33% for individual condos. In 2000, the median sale price of homes in Brevard was $100,000. With the collapse of the housing bubble, homes now are often about the same price, with median homes in 2009 selling for $89,400. In November 2010, the number of sales and

a high of 18.8% in 2007. The number of households renting hit a low of 48,528 in 2005. Median monthly rent hit a high of $907 in 2008. In 2009, 73% of Brevard households owned the house they lived in. The national rate was 65.9%.

963 in March 2009. The county reached an annual high foreclosure in 2009 of 9,772. In December 2010, Forbes magazine rated the area the worst place in America to find a job.

In 2009 an economist said that the Brevard housing market would not recover until at least 2011. A later analysis in 2009 seemed to agree, saying that the market would fall 41.4% to bottom out by the end of 2010.

it eighth in the country as a high tech center in 2009. The area had 23,096 high-tech jobs with a ratio of 124 per 1,000 total jobs.

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Government purchasing In 2008, a number of mortgage contributed 12%-15% of insurers blackmarked Brevard, the county’s gross domestic along with a quarter of the total product from 2000 to 2010. nations zip codes. This was Though the area has a intended to thwart potential relatively small number of buyers who wish to pay less high technology companies, than 20% down on a home. 736, a business journal ranked

In December 2010, Forbes magazine ranked the area as

the worst in the country for 84,401 households in the county finding a job, for the second (38%) received social security time in 2010. payments in 2009 averaging $16,136 for a total of $1.7 billion annually. 53,717 (24%) 1. Personal income received pension payments As of the census of 2000: averaging $24,327 for a total • Median income for a of $1.3 billion annually. family – $47,571 • Median income for 2. Housing males – $36,542 • Median income for In 2011, the county was rated 6th worst in the country for females – $24,632 • Per capita income – foreclosures. There were 1,039 $21,484. The county has the for the third quarter of 2010. 17th highest per capita income Nearly half the homes in the county were worth less than in the state (out of 67). their mortgages. The average • Median income for a home has dropped 53.4% household – $40,099 since the peak of the boom. • In 2005, the median In 2012, the county was the income for a household had highest in foreclosure rate in risen to $43,281 the nation. In 2013, the metro The county ranked 17th for per area was rated “best” in the capita income, out of Florida’s country for buying, with a 34 months supply of houses, 67 counties. with a discount rate of 28%, The following were below the according to RealtyTrac. It has poverty line in 2000: since reduced its backlog. • Families – 6.80% Monthly foreclosures exceeded • Total population – 746 from January 2009 through 9.50% October. Maximum monthly • Under age 18 – 13.00% home sales were less than 584 • Age 65 or older – 6.50% during that time frame, creating In 2012, 79,621 people in the an accumulating backlog of county were receiving food unsold homes. In 2010, there stamps. were 15,000 more vacant In 2010, there were 5,600 homes than the economy could civilian government workers absorb; the population was not growing. in the county. They earned an average of $74,000 each in After various insurance 2009. companies pulled out of Florida after hurricane losses,

property insurance became a major concern for many homeowners. As of 2011, 32,000 Brevard policyholders insure with the state-owned Citizens Property Insurance Corporation. The average non-foreclosed house sold for $143,000 in 2010, down from $147,000 in 2009. The average foreclosed house sold for $70,000 down from $81,000 in 2009. 25% of the houses sold in 2010 had been foreclosed. Total foreclosures rose from 2,200 in 2009 to 4,100 in 2010. In 2008 Brevard expected to have 100,000-300,000 more people by 2020, an increase of 60%. In 2008, there were 1,550 permits for residential projects valued at $355.45 million. That is the lowest number of filings since 1975. The lowest number of building permits was in 2009, 937. The highest was in 2005, 8,663. In 2010 Kiplinger.com rated the county one of five “best” places in America to retire. Factors evaluated included cost of living, weather, the number of doctors, taxes, crime rates and recreational opportunities. 1.

Development

The company developing West Viera gained state permission and county acquiescence to World Views Guides | June 2014

create a self-governing board that could raise taxes and sell bonds to pay for roads, water lines, pumping stations and other infrastructure needed to support the construction of 16,500 houses, apartments and condominiums. The company proved that development could fund itself. 3.

Industry

The Brevard economy has been driven by Trade, Transportation and Utilities (18%), Professional and Business Services (17%), Total government (15%), Education and Health (14%), Manufacturing (12%), Leisure and hospitality (10%), Construction (6%), Financial (4%). In 2012 local government employed 21,000 workers. Over the years the percentage has varied from 7.2% to 7.9% of the population. The number of people working in construction dropped from 2,630 in 2005 to 1,420 in 2010. Port Canaveral is the world’s busiest cruise port. There are seven cruise lines, with six major cruise terminals. There is 750,000 square feet (70,000 m2) of covered freight storage capacity. It handled 4,000,000 short tons (3,600,000 t) of cargo in 2004. The port has contributed $500 million World Views Guides

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annually

to the county’s Holiday, were among the top economy. 30 in the nation. Mercedes had $1 billion in sales in 2004. American City Business

Journals rated Brevard 7th for The Cocoa Redevelopment quality of life out of 67. Center has worked on Two hospitals were among the programs to improve housing in the city’s older areas. top five private employers in the county, together employing Inc. magazine selected two 8,850 in 2009. local small companies as In 2008, 14,865 workers among the fastest growing were employed at the NASA/ in the country over the past Kennedy Space Center. The three years – Applied Global Center directly spent $1.82 Technology (nearly 100% annually) and Stops (nearly billion in the county. 200% annually). A concern has been the probable reassignment of thousands of Though the area has a Space Coast workers when the relatively small number of Space Shuttle is discontinued high technology companies, in 2010. In 2010, 9,000 jobs 736, a business journal ranked were expected to be lost from it eighth in the country as a the shuttle and other programs. high tech center in 2009. The Each launch contributed area had 23,096 high-tech jobs $4 million to the county’s with a ratio of 124 per 1,000 total jobs. economy. Annually,$78 million is spent at the Space The county had 1,050 Center Visitor’s Complex, restaurants in 2007 and nearly and $5.9 million from space that many (1,040) in 2010. business visitors. There were 22,600 leisure In 2014, there were 495 and hospitality workers in the aerospace companies in the county in 2006. This figure county. There were 36,223 includes hotel workers. That workers. Sales and revenue figure had dropped 8.5% to 20,700 in 2010. from this industry were $3.4 billion.

Harris Corporation, headquartered in the county, has the most employees in the private sector, 6,700 in 2009. Two locally headquartered builders, Mercedes Homes and

In the early 2010s, the Shiloh area was proposed by Space Florida as a potential location for the development of a commercial-only spaceport. Located immediately north of the U.S. Government’s Kennedy Space Center, the

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open access to the flyover range on the open Atlantic Ocean to the east, and easy access to the tracking facilities of the Eastern Test Range make the location an attractive launch site. Among other potential users of the commercial spaceport facility, SpaceX was reported to be considering Shiloh as one of several potential locations for building a commercial launch facility.

CCAFS houses the Air Force Space & Missile Museum as Launch Complex 26, where many unmanned rockets were launched early in the U.S. space program, including Explorer 1, the first US spacecraft placed in earth orbit.

The Cape Canaveral Navy League council supports the Sea Services by adopting ships and units of the Navy and Coast Guard. It also provides a means for civilians to socialize with the officers and crew of 1. Military allied Navies when they visit port. In 2012 there were 2,900 military jobs in the county. Northrop Grumman develops Military installations in Brevard County include Patrick Air Force Base, near Satellite Beach, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), adjacent to the Kennedy Space Center, and the U.S. Air Force Malabar Test Facility on Minton Road in suburban Palm Bay. In 2009, they employed a total of 2,000 civilian federal workers. The Navy maintains a Trident turning basin at Port Canaveral for ballistic missile submarines. The Naval Ordnance Test Unit (NOTU) tests weapons on these subs, which arrive at the rate of one a month. The 2005 base closures included realigning NOTU out of state. The community was successful in having this decision revoked.

county. The county produces more than 25% of all blue crabs along Florida’s East Coast. There are 40 4-H-related clubs in the county, including livestock- and pet-related and after-school clubs. As in all Cooperative extension service, a land grant college, the University of Florida, conducted over 60 courses in 2010 in aid of 4-H programs and other agricultural pursuits.

In February 2010, the USDA declared that Brevard, along with of 59 other Florida counties, was a “primary natural disaster area”. the military JSTARS This happened when the electronics surveillance system temperature falls below 28 °F used in all major US conflicts (−2 °C)c degrees for 4 hours, since 1990. where crops are being grown. The USS Brevard (AK-164) 3. Tourism was a World War II Alamosaclass naval cargo ship that was The county raised its room tax decommissioned shortly after to 5% in 2005. In 2012, this the war. raised $8.4 million. 2.

Agriculture

23% of Brevard County is agricultural-usable for citrus, raising cattle or horses. Cattle ranches include the Deseret and Duda Ranches; citrus growers include Victory Groves and Harvey’s Indian River Groves. The county ranked 21 out of 24 Florida counties in the shipment of gift fruit. In 2009, aquaculture was a $900,000 business in the

In 2008, tourists spent $2.89 billion in the county. This is distributed in several categories: lodging $839 million, eating and drinking $509 million, Kennedy Space Center $597 million, retail sales $450 million, entertainment $120 million, and Port Canaveral $109 million. Brevard tourists come mainly from ten states: Florida itself is first, followed by Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, New York, World Views Guides | June 2014

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Virginia, Wisconsin, Georgia, Minnesota, and Pennsylvania. The five primary sources of foreign visitors are Canada, England, Germany, China, and Italy.

2010. This was funded 58% by the federal government, 27% by the state and 15% by the county.

fall when many tourists can attend. Many other annual festivals are held in parks and public sites throughout the year. The Brevard Cultural Alliance (BCA) maintains an event calendar and a map of sites of historic, cultural, and ecological interest.

In 2008 monthly tourist tax revenue slumped from a high 1.6 million people visited the of $1,174,742 in March to a Space Center Visitor Complex seasonal low in September of in 2008. Tourism, measured by $432,145. the tourist tax, reached a peak In 2008, the county had 11,000 An annual February Greek in March 2007. hotel rooms available. In Festival had over 8,000 visitors in 2011. In 2009, there were 2.4 million July 2007, there was a 66.1% overnight visitors in the county. There were 1.2 million day visitors. In 2013, a city manager estimated that 20% of income from tourism comes during spring break.

occupancy rate. In 2008, the county had a nearly identical 81%+ occupancy rate in March and April. This fell to a seasonal low of 42.3% in September. In January 2010, Brevard competes with other the average hotel room rate was $88.25. Florida areas for tourists. A number of organizations help Cocoa Main Street, a member promote the area. The Space of the Florida and National Coast Office of Tourism Main Street Programs, works consists of county staff and toward restoring business sites the Brevard County Tourist in the historic area known Development Council (TDC). as “Cocoa Village”. Cocoa They attempt to attract Main Street has received six tourists. The TDC serves as Florida Main Street Awards an advisory council to the given by the Secretary of county on the expenditures State. The restored area is of revenues received from a a tourist attraction and an tourist tax. This revenue is economic magnet. Melbourne spent on beach improvements, Main Street is another historic visitor information centers business area and tourist and website, promotion and attraction restored through the advertising, the Brevard Zoo, Main Street Programs. additional beach improvements Brevard has five judged art and the Space Coast Stadium. festivals annually attracting

The annual Grant Seafood Festival attracts as many as 50,000 people for the twoday February event. It is the Southeast’s largest and longest running seafood festival.

An ice skating rink in Rockledge serves the county’s residents and visitors with hockey and figure skating events. The largest home in Brevard is the 50-room 19,000 square feet (1,800 m2) mansion in Suntree built in 1991 and once owned by Cecil Fielder. In 2009, recreational boat owners generated almost $51 million annually towards the county economy, ranking the industry fifth in the state. 4.

Competitiveness

In 2010 a local group compared the county against $97.7 million has been spent tens of thousands of people four other “peer” cities: Texas, Colorado on beach replenishment in to art displays. Most festivals Austin, the county between 2000 and are held in the spring or Springs, Colorado, Huntsville, Alabama, and Raleigh, North World Views Guides | June 2014

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Carolina. It evaluated nine areas: business dynamism/ vitality, competitiveness, education, economic growth, economic prosperity, livability, productivity/labor supply, technology and innovation/ work force. While the county does well against national figures, and scored high in livability, it usually ranked last against these “peers” in the other eight areas.

Forbes magazine ranked Melbourne 2nd out of 150 metropolitan areas in the US, for the percentage of the population that are engineers, 6.6%, just ahead of Silicon Valley.

about that number were eligible for retirement by 2011. In 2009, there were 6,400 federal workers, total, employed in the county. They earned an average of $74,600.

Unions represented at It reached a maximum KSC include the American employment of 254,514 in Federation of Government 2006. Employees, the International In 2006, Forbes magazine Association of Machinists and named Harris Corporation, the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers. headquartered in Brevard, to In 2009, the county had 13 its “Platinum 400” List. Brevard County Teachers are patents per 1,000 workers, more than double the national The Technological Research represented by the Brevard average of 6.4 patents per and Development Authority, Federation of Teachers (AFT). based on the Space Coast, In 2009, average annual salaries 1,000. delivers technologies to In 2009, Forbes ranked the schools and small businesses in the county for engineers county 18th out of 100 MSAs throughout the state of Florida. was $90,563; registered nurses and first out of 8 metros in They obtain this information $53,315; education $49,441; Florida for affordable housing through strategic alliances police officers $43,035; cooks and short commute times, with NASA, the federal $21,569; and cashiers $19,489. The average annual pay for all among others. government, the aerospace workers was then $42,411. In August 2009, Florida Trend industry and state partners. rated two Brevard companies, They also sponsor a business In 2011, there were more Harris Corporation and Health incubator at the Melbourne engineers (48) per thousand workers than any other region First Health Plans, in their Airport. in the United States. rankings of the best places to The largest hotel in Brevard work in Florida. has 284 rooms and 30,000 In 2005, the Next Generation In May 2009, the Palm Bay- square feet (2,800 m2) of Consulting for Leadership Brevard, a leadership Melbourne area was ranked meeting space. development organization as the #8 tech center in the for local business and civic United States by Bizjournals. 4. Labor groups, and Brevard Tomorrow It overcame its low number Kennedy Space Center (KSC) commissioned a survey of of total high-tech companies is the largest employer in the people 21-44. Basically, these and jobs by having a high county with 15,000 contractors people often found the area number of jobs per high tech and civil servants. While there “boring”, mainly because it is company (#4) and high tech is concern about the new family-friendly at the expense jobs compared to total privategeneration of space vehicles of being singles-friendly. sector jobs (#2). requiring 1/3 fewer workers, While this may have labor World Views Guides | June 2014

repercussions later, currently 16%; Regions Bank $408 transportation and funding. business is having no problems million, 5%; and JPMorgan The Space Coast Early hiring. Chase $379 million, 5%. Intervention Center is a The county had an nationally recognized not6. Retail unemployment rate of 12.7% in for-profit pre-school and January 2010, a 20-year record In 2011, the majority of therapeutic center that high. In March 2010, there groceries were sold in chain offers care and aids with the were 33, 500 people out of stores. Publix has 23 stores; development of small children work. The county experienced Winn-Dixie has 10; Wal-Mart with special needs. Children are a record low unemployment has 12 stores; the county has treated and educated with the in 2005 of 2.8%. There were three warehouse clubs . 38% specific goal of mainstreaming 32,608 people unemployed in of groceries were purchased children diagnosed with the the county in January 2011. at Publix, 30% at Wal-Mart following into public school: There were 168,500 private superstores, and 7% at Winn- Down syndrome, Williams syndrome, cerebral palsy, Dixie. sector jobs in the county in 2009. deletion syndrome, PDDs The Bureau of Labor Statistics including Rett syndrome, 7. Health counted the following workers in Brevard along with average Brevard was ranked 25th in autism, and Apert syndrome, annual pay ($): Retail 25,900 the state, out of 67 counties, as well as children with visual, speech and hearing delays. ($23,361), Manufacturing for health outcomes in 2014. 21,700 ($65,521), Local 22% of residents smoke, 28% Health Outreach Prevention & government 20,100 ($42,517) are obese, 25% are physically Education (HOPE) is a network and Hospitality 19,600 inactive, 20% drink in excess. of community partners working ($15,857). The largest local The county ranked 13 in together to provide care for employer is Brevard Public clinical care, 25th in societal people without insurance, Schools with 9,500 of whom factors (including air pollution and for children with special 5,000 are teachers. and drinking water quality). needs. This network includes hospitals. In 2013, there were about 5. Banking 88,000 persons without Brevard introduced (2005In 2007, Space Coast Credit medical insurance in the 6) a federally approved experimental Medicaid Union was the largest locally county. program which puts based financial institution in In 2013, the County Health volunteering 60+-year-olds in Brevard County and the third Department Director issued an HMO-like organization in largest credit union in the state a caution about the potential order to save money. of Florida, with assets of over danger of flesh-eating bacteria $3 billion. that inhabit inland estuaries. The non-profit Circles of Care provides mental health In 2011, Wells Fargo, with The Brevard Alzheimerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s programs to Brevard. $1.9 billion in local deposits, Foundation is unique for being had 26% share of the business; a local organization only. It Dialing 2-1-1 in the county SunTrust $1.3 billion, 17%; has three adult daycare service gives response to people Bank of America $1.2 billion, locations and often provides in crisis and/or needing World Views Guides

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information about community and the Handicapped”, a resources. therapeutic riding program Space Coast Center for located on the Duda Ranch in Viera. Independent Living offers over-all services for individuals with all types of disabilities: peer support, advocacy, skills training, accessibility surveys, support groups, transportation, specialized equipment and sign language interpreter coordination services. Additional program for high school students for career development.

There are ten hospitals in the county, with 1,734 beds total. Health First is the largest healthcare provider in the county, consisting of three not-for-profit hospitals—Cape Canaveral Hospital in Cocoa Beach, Holmes Regional Medical Center in Melbourne, and Palm Bay Community Hospital in Palm Bay. Besides hospitalization, services include outpatient centers; the county’s only trauma center; home care; specialized programs for cancer, diabetes, heart, stroke, and rehabilitative services; central Brevard’s largest medical group; three fitness centers; and Medicare Advantage, commercial POS, and commercial HMO health plans. Health First tries to integrate quality healthcare services with state-of-the-art technology.

early developments, while others are former stations along the main line of the Florida East Coast Railway. Parrish Medical Center, a 210- Several of these disappeared bed hospital, has been named when Kennedy Space Center took over their area. America’s No. 1 Healing Hospital for the third straight 8. Education year by the Baptist Healing Trust. Health care services tend to cost more in Brevard than Orlando or the statistical average in Florida. A nursing home private room averaged $79,023 annually, semi-private $74,643, private one-bedroom assisted living $39,000. A home health aide, Medicarecertified, was $88,660, substantially higher than the Florida average of $51,480. Adult day care (44 hours) was cheaper at $12,870 annually, as was a home health aide “licensed-only” $38,896.

Higher education is provided by Eastern Florida State College (EFSC) and Florida Institute of Technology. There are satellite campuses for the University of Central Florida, Barry University, Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University, Keiser University, and Webster University. Elementary and secondary education is provided by the Brevard Public Schools and private schools. In 2011, six public schools were ranked by the state in the top ten schools in the state, out of 2,800 There was one list each for primary and secondary schools.

According to 2007 health risk data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Brevard County (Palm BayMelbourne-Titusville MSA) is tied for fourth highest among 9. Libraries all Micro- and Metropolitan Statistical Areas in percentage of heavy drinkers. The Brevard County Library System has 17 branches. 1. Former place names Although the Merritt Island Public Library is counted as part of the Brevard County There are place names Public Library System, it currently used, or used at one is actually a special library time by the USGS. Some are Harmony Farms runs “Horses

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district. In 2005, HB1079 was Amateur sports passed to codify all the special acts that the Merritt Island Aside from school-sponsored Public Library District exists sports, there are youth leagues for basketball, football, soccer, under. lacrosse, gymnastics, baseball and swimming. 10. Sports Minor league baseball Brevard County is the home of the Brevard County Manatees, the Class-A affiliate of the Milwaukee Brewers. In 2009, the Space Coast Surge, a member of the Florida Winter Baseball League, had the Cocoa Stadium as their home stadium. Major league baseball The Washington Nationals hold their spring training at Space Coast Stadium in Viera. They play about 14 games against other professional teams locally in March as part of the “Grapefruit” League. Professional basketball The Brevard Blue Ducks, members of the United States Basketball League (USBL), played their home schedule at the Clemente Center at Florida Tech. Minor league football The Brevard Rams and Space Coast Predators were scheduled to play as members of the Florida Football Alliance in 2010. World Views Guides

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Florida City Gas furnishes natural gas to various areas of the county. 3.

Communication

The area code for most of the county became “321” in 1999, as in the “3...2...1... lift-off!” 11. Infrastructure countdown sequence. A small portion of the county along 1. Transportation the southern border, including the communities of Micco and While Brevard County has Barefoot Bay, share a 772 area transportation available in code with Indian River County to the south. the usual modes for a coastal county—highways, shipping, 4. Solid waste and airlines—it has the addition of space transportation, making The county government it unique in the world. maintains various landfills for Public transportation is solid waste. There is a 190-acre provided by Space Coast Area (77 ha) landfill in Cocoa. In 2011, the average homeowner Transit. paid $57 annually to fund the maintenance of these sites. 2. Power Municipalities and the county Florida Power & Light maintains contract separately for the an oil-fired generating plant pickup and transportation of at Sharpes; it generates 800 waste, for which businesses megawatts, supplying most and homeowners pay a separate of the requirements for the monthly fee. county. In 2008 the company announced plans to replace In 2013, the county planned a the plant with a more efficient new $100 million landfill, north natural gas-powered plant in of State Road 192, near the 2013 with a 1,250 megawatt border with Osceola County, capacity, which can supply 8.5 miles (13.7 km) west of 250,000 homes or businesses. I-95. The county has awarded Near FPL’s plant is the Indian a $3.9 million contract for a River Power Plant; formerly wetlands mitigation for this new landfill. owned by the Orlando Utilities Commission, it is now owned In 2013, the county, for the first and operated by RRI Energy. time, let a seven-year contract

out for bids for solid waste. The resulting contract is expected to cost $1 billion over the lifetime of the contract, the county’s largest single contract. This was the first time in 20 years, a bid was requested. In the past, Waste Management, Inc has performed the work, not only for the county but for 9 of 16 Brevard municipalities. Waste Pro has five of the remaining municipal contracts. Rockledge and Titusville maintain their own trash service. In 2013, the county directly contracts for solid waste pickup for 100,000 residences.

Water

In 2013, the county consumed about 100,000,000 US gallons (380,000,000 l; 83,000,000 imp gal) daily. Landscape irrigation accounted for about half of this usage. 12. Media 1.

Newspapers

Florida Today is the major daily newspaper serving Melbourne, Brevard County and the Space Coast region of Florida. It is owned by the media conglomerate Gannett. A monthly newspaper, El 2.

• • • • By AM frequency • • • •

Playero, serves the Spanishspeaking population of the Space Coast. The weeklies Space Coast Florida Weekly and Home Town News are free newspapers, supported by advertising, that have versions in other Florida counties. Both present local news. The Brevard Technical Journal is the industry monthly newspaper for business management, engineering, purchasing, manufacturing, and staff. It features news and features about the business and the science of technology in Brevard County.

Radio 840 920 1060 1240 1300 1350 1510 1560

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34 • • • • • • • • • By FM frequency • • • • • • • • •

89.3 89.5 90.3 91.5 93.1 93.5 94.1 95.1 95.5 95.9 97.9 98.5 99.3 101.1 102.7 104.1 106.3 107.1

in southern Brevard County. Local stations licensed to or located in Brevard County include: • BPS-TV • Channel 43 WOTF-TV (UniMás) • Channel 52 WHLV-TV (TBN) • Channel 68 WEFS (educational independent) 4.

Films and TV

The following films were filmed (in parts) in Brevard County:

Matinee (1993), filmed in Cocoa Village and Cocoa Playhouse • Apollo 13 (1995), Contact (1997), Armageddon (1998), and Moonraker all utilized Defunct • WNRG-LP (107.9 FM) Cape Canaveral or Kennedy Space Center facilities. Florida radio markets Daytona Beach • Marvin’s Room (1996), filmed in Fort Myers-Naples-Marco Island Rockledge Ft. Pierce-Stuart-Vero Beach • Nightmare (1981) horror film shot Ft. Walton Beach in Merritt Island, Cocoa, Cocoa Beach and Gainesville-Ocala Titusville Jacksonville • A Night in Heaven (1983), filmed in Lakeland-Winter Haven Melbourne-Titusville-Cocoa Titusville Miami-Ft. Lauderdale • Things Behind the Sun (2001), by Orlando independent filmmakers Allison Anders, raised Panama City in Cocoa Beach and Cape Canaveral, and Kurt Pensacola Voss Sarasota-Bradenton • Space Cowboys (2000) Tallahassee Tampa-St.Petersburg-Clearwater • Portions of Jaws 3-D (1983) were filmed West Palm Beach-Boca Raton on the Minutemen Causeway. • The Number 23 (2007) shot scenes on the Other Florida radio regions shore of Cocoa Beach. The Florida Keys • I’ll Believe You (2007) Lake City • The Manure Film Project: A Crappy Sebring Documentary with Absolutely No Budget 3. Television (2012) “Transformers 3: Dark of the Moon” Most of Brevard County receives cable • television from Bright House Networks. Director Michael Bay. Filmed in 2010 at Comcast serves the Micco and Palm Bay areas Kennedy Space Center’s Vehicle Assembly World Views Guides

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•

Building (VAB), orbiter boats in the wetlands and a processing facilities, and train ride. launch pad among other areas Ballet TV series included: The Space Coast Ballet • The Cape, 13 episodes incorporates professional (1996 through 1997) principal dancers and • From the Earth to the instructors together with many Moon, a miniseries (1998) roles for local senior talent as • I Dream of Jeannie, a well as roles for students. They 1960s TV comedy series, annually stage The Nutcracker. was set in Cocoa Beach and Museums and attractions Cape Canaveral but filmed in California. The Space Coast has a number of museums from 13. Arts and culture the rocket exhibitions at the The Maxwell C. King Center Kennedy Space Center Visitor for the Performing Arts, seating Complex and the Air Force 2000, features locally produced Space & Missile Museum, to and former Broadway shows, local museums and others of ballet, and symphony. Several unique character, such as the different performances are American Police Hall of Fame scheduled each week. & Museum. The Brevard Symphony The Kennedy Space Center Orchestra and the Space Coast Visitor Complex offers Ballet offer shows performed an educational look at by professionals. There is one the accomplishments of other professional symphony America’s space program. orchestra – the Space Coast The Observation Gantry near Pops, plus a community Launch Complex 39 offers orchestra and band in a view of the Space Shuttle Melbourne. launch pads (first built for the The Brevard Zoo is a 75 acres (30 ha) facility that contains more than 650 animals representing more than 165 species from Florida, South America, Africa, Asia and Australia. The Zoo offers animal experiences including giraffe and lorikeet feedings, African kayak tours, paddle

Apollo missions), the Vehicle Assembly Building, and the crawlerway over which rockets are taken to the pad. The Apollo/Saturn V Center displays an example of the largest rocket ever launched.

The US Space Walk of Fame in Titusville commemorates the manned space program’s

history with museum and monuments. The Brevard Museum of History & Natural Science features the remains of the “Windover Man”, the oldest human remains found on the North American continent, and a re-creation of the Windover Dig, a “wet” archaeological site. A visitor may see how Native Americans lived and Florida pioneers survived. Honor America runs the Liberty Bell Memorial Museum. This houses a replica of the Liberty Bell, historical documents, and patriotic memorabilia. Items are permanent reminders of our nation’s history, as well as a memorial to military veterans. The Harry T. and Harriette V. Moore Memorial Park and Cultural Center features a museum with artifacts and time line of the civil rights movement and the story of Harry T. and Harriette V. Moore, civil rights leaders who were killed when their home was bombed. Other During the December holiday season, each of four yacht club parades during the evening in the Indian River/Banana River with holiday lighting on each boat.

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14. Communities 1.

Cities

Cape Canaveral • Cocoa • Cocoa Beach • Indian Harbour Beach • Melbourne • Palm Bay • Rockledge • Satellite Beach • Titusville • West Melbourne •

Towns

Grant-Valkaria • Indialantic • Malabar • Melbourne Beach • Melbourne Village • Palm Shores •

Unincorporated

• Angel City • Aurantia • Barefoot Bay • Bellwood • Canaveral Groves • Cocoa West • Courtenay • Eau Gallie • Floridana Beach • Georgiana • Indianola • Kennedy Space Center • June Park • Lotus • Melbourne Shores • Merritt Island • Micco • Mims • Patrick Air Force Base World Views Guides

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Pineda • Port St. John • Scottsmoor • Sharpes • Shiloh • South Cocoa Beach • South Patrick Shores • Suntree • Tropic • Viera •

had dropped from an expected $43 million to $5 million due to cuts in the federal budget. In 2011, $232 million was budgeted for teachers salaries. 15. History

Clifton Colored Schoolhouse was built around 1890 in north Merritt Island. It was one of two early schools for blacks in Brevard Public Schools is a the county. school district serving Brevard Disparities existed between County, Florida, and based in black and white schools Viera, Florida. Coordinates: including teacher salaries. School Board The first attempt in Florida to Board members change this system occurred run as non-partisan. in 1938 when the NAACP District 1 - Dr. Michael Krupp brought suit in Brevard. District 2 - Dr. Barbara Murray In 1966, black high schools District 3 - Amy Kneessy included Gibson High, District 4 - Karen Henderson Titusville, Monroe High, District 5 - Andy Ziegler Cocoa, and Stone High, The budget for 2008-9 was Melbourne. These were all about $1 billion. Roughly closed with integration. half is operating; about half is In 1966, Brevard was brought capital outlay. Board members under federal jurisdiction for were paid $35,000 annually in the purpose of desegregation. 2011. It was released from federal In 2010, there were 7,000 control in 1978 when this was students whose parents were achieved. employed by the federal About 1967, the school government which pays no district was split into three local real estate taxes. The administrative units, North, budget is fairly dependent Middle and South, each with its on real estate taxes. As a own Assistant Superintendent. result, the federal government contributes money through the There were race riots in Federal Impact Aid program Rockledge and Melbourne by way of compensation. high schools during the period However, in 2010, the amount of integration from 1969-1972.

In 2007, the School Board voted to borrow nearly 3/4 of a billion dollars for maintenance and future expansion. By a majority of one, the Board believed that it could do this without raising taxes because of the increasing tax base. b In 2007, the Florida Department of Education announced that Brevard’s graduation rate was the highest in the state at 92.1%. However there is a major discrepancy between the way the state measures student graduation (tracks each student) and the way the federal government does (quantity entering, quantity graduating). So the figure by national standards is much lower. Using federal guidelines, the graduation rate for the class of 2005, was 69.3%, the highest in the state, but below the national average of 70.6%. The school district was first or second in the state for graduation rates from 2001 through 2009. The budget for 2007-8 was about $1.2 billion. This was the highest in its history. In 2005, there were 75,235 students. The count reached an all-time high of 76,062 in the 2006-7 school year. The count was 72,519 in 2009. In 2010, with the end of the shuttle program and the subsequent loss of jobs in the area, officials have been

concerned that a quarter of the claiming a racial bias in the schools would fall below 70% decision to close the three enrollment capacity. schools. The Board of County publicly In 2011, six public schools Commissioners were ranked by the state in supported the lawsuit and the top ten schools in the started a dispute resolution state, out of 2,800 There was process as well on their own one list each for primary and behalf. A political action committee (PAC) was formed secondary schools. to oppose the current school In 2013, the school board board members in future voted to close three schools, elections and vowed to effect a Clearlake middle school, change in leadership. Gardendale Elementary Magnet School, and South Lake In 2014, Moody’s Investors elementary school prompting a Service and Fitch gave large public outcry. The school the county good marks on board proposed the closings its management affecting and limited public input predictability of cash flow. by holding required public Moody’s commented that meetings during the 2012 the board’s leaders gave holiday season. The Board did consistently made accurate not hold any of the required and conservative cash flow meetings with the capital assumptions. Fitch praised oulay committee as required the board’s sound operations. by an interlocal agreement An editorial in the local paper with several municipalities. demurred, saying that the The Brevard Board of County board should not have cut taxes Commissioners, City of earlier. It believed the tax cut Cocoa, and City of Titusville led directly to requesting from ccondemend the decision the voters a raise in the sales in official letters sent to tax in the county one-half of a percent. Superintedent Brian Bingelli and the board. The Board of 16. Administration County Commissioners voted to file a lawsuit against the The district contains 72,519 school board 3-2, however public school students in 92 a minimum of 4 votes were schools. Students must pass a required to initiate the lawsuit standardized test, the FCAT, per county ordinance. In March to graduate from high school. 2013, a group of parents and To avoid surprises, children community leaders initiated are tested several times before a lawsuit against the board, they reach 12th grade. World Views Guides | June 2014

To comply with state testing rules, the 2011-12 school year will start August 10. The semester will end December 21. The second semester will start January 9 and conclude May 25. The district is split for administrative reasons into four â&#x20AC;&#x153;areasâ&#x20AC;? which tend to have east and west lines in the narrow county which extends 72 miles (116 km) north and south. The areas are numbered I-IV, each having its own Assistant Superintendent.

Budget

The last time the public approved a school building bond was in 1963. To circumvent the need for public approval for borrowing, both the county and the school district have used certificates of participation. In 2005, the board decided to build seven new schools to accommodate the 800 to 1,300 new students moving into the area annually, and renovate each of the districts 82 schools. This would also help meet the requirement that was imposed when Florida voters approved a constitutional amendment limiting class size, starting in 2010, but phased in before then by the Florida legislature.

To get hands-on learning experience about science, the local environment and math, all fourth-graders are given a one day field trip to the Indian River Lagoon, one of the most diverse estuaries in North The school district borrowed a total of $643 million, mostly America. The county is the first and between 2004 and 2008. only county in the state to Annual payments on the debt have its school health program in 2012 were $38.4 million. operated by a county health At the same time the housing department and paid for by bubble burst. Property values, the school district. It has won on which school taxes were several national awards. On based, dropped from $41 an average day, 2,400 students billion in 2008 to $27 billion in 2011. receive nursing care including 1,260 doses of medicine. Nurses typically work sevenhour shifts, 70 hours biweekly. There are 107 health care professionals employed. Services are available to all students, public or private.

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At the same time, the cost of construction materials rose. Estimates to renovate Titusville High School, for example, went from $22 million to $43 million. After the collapse of property values, the district sought

to save money by deferring maintenance. For example, instead of replacing each of its 409 buses every 12 years, it went to a 55-year replacement cycle. After the voters rejected a 1/2 cent increase in local sales tax to benefit schools, the district decided to close four schools. It also decided to pay fines and exceed class size limitations when necessary to balance the budget. In 2013, the schools retained their financial rating of AAand Aa3 by Fitch Group and Moodyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s. In 2011, the average teacher earned $44,442 annually, not including benefits. A starting teacher earns $36,000. Top salary was $56,350 after 21 years. In 2011, there was a pool of 1,900 substitute teachers. Using substitutes when required, cost $4.2 million in 2009-10. In 2012, an average principal received $93,000 in salary and benefits annually; a school secretary, $40,000; cafeteria manager, $33,000. The average stipend for middle-school department heads averaged $9,176. The average school office phone bill was $9,317. Estimates of savings for closing four elementary and middle schools to save money

was $3.8 million. 2.

Class

ranking GPA

and

Brevard County’s system for high school class rankings is based around “state-weighted GPA.” This system as practiced by Brevard County Schools actually does not refer to any specific state standard, leading to controversy over how rankings are determined. It has been suggested that the policy of awarding weight to Advanced Placement (AP) and Dual Enrollment programs actually handicaps the students taking the more challenging AP courses, especially in the district’s two block-scheduled high schools, since in a blockscheduled program students receive AP credit and weight for only half to three-quarters of the course. The weights are equal in name and course code, in accordance with Florida State Statute. 3.

Dress code

The school board dress code requires lower garments, including pants and skirts, be worn at the waist and prohibits undergarments from being visible. Shorts must “cover the buttocks.” All lower garments must fit the student. Depending on the school, students that violate the code can be denied entry to class, be referred to

the Dean for discipline and academic performance. It suspended from school. also placed third in the state In 2008, the district won a case, for number of National Board Danielle Bar-Navon v. School Certified teachers. Brevard was Bd. of Brevard County, which first in Florida in the number questioned the schools legal of A-rated schools in the 10 right to limit body piercings as largest districts, and second a First Amendment expression. overall. Brevard led the state The United States Court of in science in fifth and eleventh Appeals for the Eleventh grade assessments and was Circuit confirmed the District second in the eighth grade. The four-year graduation rate was Court’s decision. the second highest in Florida. 2000 students were held back 17. Recognition in 2004-5, the majority in Brevard has been in the top 3rd, 9th and 10th grades. This ten school districts in the is 38% fewer than the prior state in each of the 22 areas year. A program targets weak of assessment on the standard students. The School Bus Fleet statewide exams given students trade publication named the each year. Brevard County School Bus 1999:The high school System among the top ten in graduation rate had risen to North America. AARP ranked the school district No. 8 on 92% from 64%. the list of Best Employers for 2005: The superintendent Workers Over 50. It was the of schools was selected as only public-school system and best in state by his peers. the highest-ranked Florida The students had higher SAT employer on the national list scores than any other Florida School District. The District 2006: The Superintendent has a higher percentage (9%) of Brevard Public Schools of National Board Certified was named the Music Teachers than any of the other Administrator of the Year by largest ten districts in the state. the Florida Music Educators’ In 2010, the system stood 11th Association. Fifteen schools in the nation for total number were selected as Music Demonstrations Schools. of NBCT teachers, 672. State officials encourage other In 2004-5 third graders tested districts to send their staff to in the top ten school districts in these schools for insight into the state (out of 67). In 2004establishing or improving solid 5, the School District placed music programs. The District third in the state for overall World Views Guides | June 2014

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had 5 of the top 10 Elementary Schools in the state, according to the Florida Department of Education. Tenth graders led the state in the writing exam. 2007: The school district was recognized as a Governor’s Sterling Award Winner. A team consisting of Brevard high school students stood second in the robotics world championship. The state has ranked 15 of the elementary schools as tops in the state including a Title I South Lake, a former D-ranked school! Brevard leads the state in the number of high school students dual enrolled in secondary and college courses. The district had the tenth most nationally certified teachers of all school districts in the country - 566. It ranked third in the country for the percentage of teachers so certified - 11.%. However, a state study was unable to detect any correlation between teacher certification and student performance. In 2008, the state recognized Brevard as having the best graduation rate. In 2009, county public schools won 30% of the available soccer state championships.

In 2010, 3/4 of all students at Saturn Elementary were receiving subsidized meals, considered the most dependable predictor of low performance. It had experienced a 45% mobility rate; this means that almost half its students move away or show up during the year. The school scored in the top 15% of all schools in Florida for proficiency in math, science and reading. Students in first through sixth grade are in the computer laboratory daily. In 2011, the Center for American Progress evaluated Brevard as one of the top three large school districts in the state for “return on investment.” 1.

Athletics

Up to the end of 2011, boy’s public school basketball teams had won four state championships. One in 2004 by Cocoa Beach High School, two by Cocoa High School in 1960 and 2009, and Cocoa Monroe High School in 1965. They have won 13 state football championships, 11 soccer championships, and 16 crosscountry. Girls teams have won six basketball championships.

As of 2009, the state has 18. Programs designated 25 schools in the state as “Music Demonstration In 2012, Brevard had five Schools.” Thus far, 22 of these “choice” schools: Freedom 7 were Brevard public schools. Elementary School, Robert Louis Stevenson Elementary World Views Guides

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School, West Melbourne Elementary School, Edgewood Jr./Sr. High School, and West Shore Jr./Sr. High School. Students gain entry to these schools based on a lottery system and are required to be on grade level to apply. Besides choice and “magnet” schools, Brevard also has nine charter elementary schools and one planned charter secondary school. Another, in Cocoa Beach offers an International Baccalaureate Diploma program. This is a rigorous pre-university course of study, leading to internationally standardized examinations. The program is designed as a comprehensive two-year curriculum that allows its graduates to fulfill requirements of many different nations’ education systems. As with the AP and dual enrollment programs, students completing IB courses and exams were eligible for postsecondary education credit. In 2005 and 2006, Newsweek ranked Cocoa Beach High School among the top 100 US high schools (out of 21,000) in part due to its International Baccalaureate program. Brevard has a magnet high school program, the Academy of Business and Finance, in Melbourne. Brevard has started an Engineering magnet program

known as Bayside Engineering and Technology Academy (BETA) Bayside High School includes the ENCORE Performing and Technical Arts Academy, focusing on the performing arts and the technical side of artistic endeavors. 14 low-performing elementary schools were required to allow their students to select $1000+ of free tutoring from a vendor. Parents were exposed to these vendors at an education fair to help choose which one. Schools start in early August, the 8th in 2005. This is to ensure that the semester is over by the December holidays. The Brevard County School system attempted to serve nutritional food to children in 2005 that would address the rising obesity issue while still maintaining appeal. In 2009, 5 million lunches were served. Through a program called Make It Take It, disadvantaged students at two Brevard Public Schools learned how to build computers that they’ll get to take home. The JROTC program in 12 high school enrolled 1,479 students in 2008. In 2009, the district had nine high school robotic teams our of 16 potential high schools. First stated that the district had more student participation and

teams than almost any other district in the country.

hired.

21. Schools in 2009, 3,168 students took 5,601 Advanced Placement In 2009, there were 86 public exams. 58.4% scored 3 or schools in the county. better. Prior to 2010, all schools were guaranteed sports budgets 19. Controversy of $70,000 for high schools, After one 2004 outdoor $50,000 for middle schools, graduation was drenched, $75,000 for junion/senior high the School Board moved combination, and $45,000 for ceremonies in 2005 to Calvary choice high schools. The school Chapel, at half the cost of the district made up the money that outdoor facility. An Atheist and the school didn’t raise. Budget Buddhist parent took them to cuts have prevented assistance Federal Court, where the judge of any sort since. allowed the locale, but ordered them to change in 2006. 1. Elementary Schools 20. Criticism In 2012, about 33% of suspensions in Brevard Public Schools were given to black students, who constitute 15% of the student population. The Northern Brevard chapter of the NAACP filed a complaint with the US Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights. A spokesperson for the school system responded that this type of apparent inequity is not unique to Brevard. Nationally, one in every six black students is suspended compared to one in 20 white students.

In 2007, third graders stood first in statewide reading and math tests out of the ten largest school districts. Overall, they stood 11 out of 67 school districts.

The complaint stated that six principals were black, out of 86 schools; and that black teachers were infrequently World Views Guides | June 2014

Allen, Roy Elementary • Manatee Elementary Andersen, Hans Christian • McAuliffe, Christa Elementary Elementary • Meadowlane Primary • Apollo Elementary • Meadowlane Intermediate • Atlantis Elementary • Mila Elementary • Audubon Elementary • Mims Elementary • Cambridge Elementary • Oak Park Elementary • Cape View Elementary • Ocean Breeze Elementary • Carroll, Lewis Elementary • Palm Bay Elementary • Challenger 7 Elementary • Pinewood Elementary • Columbia Elementary • Port Malabar Elementary • Coquina Elementary • Quest Elementary • Creel, Dr. W. J. • Riverview Elementary Elementary • Riviera Elementary • Croton Elementary • Roosevelt, Theodore Elementary • Discovery Elementary • Sabal Elementary • Endeavour Elementary • Saturn Elementary • Enterprise Elementary • Sea Park Elementary • Fairglen Elementary • Sherwood Elementary • Freedom 7 Elementary. • South Lake Elementary Ranked third in the state, by the • Stevenson, Robert Lewis Elementary. In 2011, all fourth state in 2011. grade students achieved at least a 4 out of 6 on the FCAT statewide • Gardendale Elementary writing assessment test, the only school in Brevard to do so and only • Gemini Elementary one of eleven in the state. • Golfview Elementary • Sunrise Elementary • Harbor City Elementary • Suntree Elementary • Holland, Spessard L. • Surfside Elementary Elementary • Tropical Elementary • Imperial Estates • Turner, John F., SR. Elementary Elementary • University Park Elementary • Indialantic Elementary. • West Melbourne School for Science. Ranked number one in Ranked ninth in the state, by the the state, by the state in 2011. state in 2011. • Westside Elementary • Jupiter Elementary • Williams, Ralph M., JR. Elementary • Lockmar Elementary • Longleaf Elementary • •

Middle Schools

In 2009, it was estimated that middle schools sports and intramural programs cost the county $236,000. This was the cost of coaches stipends. The following is a listing of public middle schools in the county: •

Central Middle

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Clearlake Middle • Cocoa Beach Jr./Sr. High. Ranked seventh in the state, by the state in 2011. • DeLaura Middle • Edgewood Jr./Sr. High. Ranked third in the state, by the state in 2011. • Hoover, Herbert C. Middle • Jackson, Andrew Middle •

Jefferson, Thomas Middle • Johnson, L.B. Middle • Kennedy, John F. Middle • Madison, James Middle • McNair, Ronald Middle • Southwest Middle • Space Coast Jr./Sr. High • Stone Middle • West Shore Jr./Sr. High. Ranked second in the state, by •

the state in 2011. 3.

High Schools

mascots is traditional Brevard County.

4. Charter Schools Ninth grade sports were estimated to cost $373,000 • Campus Charter in 2009. Junior Varsity sports • Educational Horizons cost $167,000. These figures Charter represent coaches stipends. • Oakwood Academy The schools claim to have Charter (Now a part of Royal preeminent sports teams, Palm Charter particularly in football. • Odyssey Charter Palm Bay Academy The following is a list of all • Charter public high schools in the • Palm Bay Community county: Charter • Astronaut High • River’s Edge Charter • Bayside High School Academy • Cocoa Beach Jr./Sr. • Royal Palm Charter High • Sculptor Charter School • Cocoa High Einstein Montessori, a private • Eau Gallie High • Edgewood Jr./Sr. High school in Brevard County, was previously a charter • Heritage High school. Explorer Elementary • Melbourne High • Merritt Island High and Middle Charter,Osprey Elementary,and Sawgrass School • Palm Bay High - Has Middle were closed by the School Board. Academy of Law and Justice, enrolling 300 students. 5. Adult Education • Rockledge High • Satellite High • Central Area Adult • Space Coast Jr./Sr. High • North Area Adult • Titusville High (Whispering Hills) • Viera High School • Palm Bay High Adult/ • West Shore Jr./Sr. High Community Ed • South Area Adult High schools compete athletically as part of the Cape 6. Coast Conference. Renaming streets after bordering high school school’s •

• •

Learning Center North Area Alternative Learning Center South Area Alternative Learning Center 22. Superintendents

1. John Sams c. 1888, Brevard’s first Superintendent of Schools. 2. B. Frank Brown 1967?1969? 3. Wayne White 19691972 4. Lloyd Soughers 1985?1988 5. Abe Collingsworth 1988-1993 6. David Sawyer 19931999? 7. Richard DiPatri c. 20002009.He was the longest serving appointed superintendent in Florida history. 8. Brian Binggeli 200928°14′53.60″N 80°44′9.64″W

In 2009, the district had about 72,519 students. 24% attend a school other than the one to which they are assigned. In 2009, the School Board was Brevard’s largest local government employer with 9,500 workers of whom 5,000 are teachers. The superintendent of schools is Dr. Brian Binggeli. Alternative Learning Centers

Central Area Alternative

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Name on the Register

Date listed October 17, 1991

1 Aladdin Theater 2

(#91001541)

Barton Avenue Residential District

August 21, 1992

Cape Canaveral Air Force Station

April 16, 1984

(#92001046)

(#84003872)

January 21, 2000

4 Central Instrumentation Facility

(#99001635)

June 20, 1995

5 City Point Community Church

(#95000731)

May 14, 1992

Community Chapel of Melbourne Beach

(#92000505)

January 21, 2000

7 Crawlerway

(#99001641)

8 J. R. Field Homestead

Florida Power and Light Company Ice Plant

28°21′19″N 80°43′35″W

11-59 Barton Avenue 28°20′N 80°43′W

(#97001121)

November 17, 1982 (#82001033)

January 25, 1997

11 Headquarters Building

December 1, 2000

(#96001608)

(#99001644)

12 Dr. George E. Hill House

March 3, 1994

13 Hotel Mims

July 28, 1995

14 Indian Fields

April 14, 1994

15 Jorgensen’s General Store

June 25, 1999

(#93000819) (#95000913) (#94000358)

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(#99000711)

City or town Cocoa Rockledge

Launch Pads 5, 6, 13, 14, 19, 26, 34, and Mission Control Center (demolished Cocoa in 2010) 28°28′26″N 80°34′28″W Kennedy Space Center 28°31′27″N 80°39′22″W

3783 North Indian River Drive 28°25′23″N 80°45′11″W

501 Ocean Avenue 28°04′06″N 80°33′49″W Kennedy Space Center 28°36′13″N 80°37′39″W

750 Field Manor September 11, 1997 Drive

10 William H. Gleason House

World Views Guides

Location 300 Brevard Avenue

28°23′53″N 80°43′00″W 1604 South Harbor City Boulevard 28°34′13″N 80°36′15″W

1736 Pineapple Avenue 28°08′06″N 80°37′45″W Kennedy Space Center

Merritt Island

Cocoa

Melbourne Beach Merritt Island

Indianola

Melbourne

28°31′27″N 80°39′04″W

Merritt Island

28°23′45″N 80°43′09″W 3202 State Road 46

Merritt Island

870 Indianola Drive

28°39′54″N 80°50′46″W

Mims

Address Restricted 5390 U.S. Route 1

Titusville

27°55′44″N 80°31′38″W

Grant-Valkaria

Name on the Register 16

La Grange Church and Cemetery

17 Launch Complex 39

Date listed (#95001413)

May 24, 1973 (#73000568)

January 21, 2000

19 Launch Complex 39-Pad B

January 21, 2000

20 Launch Control Center

January 21, 2000

Missile Crawler Transporter Facilities

23 Old Haulover Canal

Old St. Luke’s Episcopal 24 Church and Cemetery

Operations and Checkout Building

(#99001638) (#99001639) (#99001645)

April 12, 1984 (#84000829)

January 21, 2000 (#99001643)

December 19, 1978 (#78000262)

June 15, 1990 (#90000848)

January 21, 2000 (#99001636)

26 Porcher House

January 6, 1986

27 Press Site–Clock and Flag Pole

January 21, 2000

(#86000023)

(#99001637)

28 Pritchard House

January 12, 1990

29 Judge George Robbins House

January 12, 1990

Rockledge Drive Residential District

City or town

December 7, 1995 Highway

18 Launch Complex 39-Pad A

21 Melbourne Beach Pier

Location 1575 Old Dixie

(#89002167)

(#89002168)

August 21, 1992 (#92001045)

28°38′23″N 80°49′39″W Kennedy Space Center 28°36′08″N 80°37′43″W Kennedy Space Center 28°36′29″N 80°36′16″W Kennedy Space Center 28°37′37″N 80°37′16″W Kennedy Space Center 28°35′07″N 80°38′59″W

Ocean Avenue and Riverside Drive

Titusville

Titusville Merritt Island Merritt Island Merritt Island

Melbourne Beach

28°04′05″N 80°34′05″W Kennedy Space Center

Address Restricted

Merritt Island Merritt Island

28°44′11″N 80°45′17″W

5555 North Tropical Trail Courtenay 28°27′26″N 80°43′03″W Kennedy Space Center 28°31′25″N 80°38′47″W

434 Delannoy Avenue 28°21′45″N 80°43′32″W Kennedy Space Center 28°34′56″N 80°38′44″W

Merritt Island

Cocoa

Merritt Island

424 South Washington Avenue Titusville 28°36′37″N 80°48′28″W

703 Indian River Avenue 28°36′27″N 80°48′23″W

15-23 Rockledge Avenue, 219-1361 Rockledge Drive, and 1-11 Orange Avenue

Titusville

Rockledge

28°20′14″N 80°43′13″W World Views Guides | June 2014

Name on the Register 31

James Wadsworth Rossetter House

Date listed July 27, 2005 (#05000734)

Location 1328 Houston Street 28°07′42″N 80°37′34″W

1200 Riverside Drive

32 Spell House

January 12, 1990

33 St. Gabriel’s Episcopal Church

December 5, 1972

34 St. Joseph’s Catholic Church

Miller Street, December 3, 1987 Northeast

(#89002166)

35 Titusville Commercial District

(#72000302)

(#87000816)

January 10, 1990 (#89002164)

28°36′07″N 80°48′22″W

414 Palm Avenue 28°36′28″N 80°48′39″W

28°02′00″N 80°35′12″W

City or town Melbourne

Titusville

Palm Bay

Roughly bounded by Julia Street, Hopkins Avenue, Main Street, Titusville and Indian River Avenue 28°36′43″N 80°48′26″W

Valencia Subdivision Residential District

Vehicle Assembly BuildingHigh Bay and Low Bay

August 21, 1992 (#92001047)

January 21, 2000 (#99001642)

January 10, 1990

38 Wager House

(#89002165)

Marion S. Whaley Citrus Packing House

April 8, 1993

Windover Archeological Site (8BR246)

April 20, 1987

World Views Guides

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(#93000286) (#87000810)

14-140 Valencia Road, 825-827 Osceola Drive, and 24-28 Orange Avenue 28°20′11″N 80°43′18″W Kennedy Space Center 28°35′08″N 80°39′05″W

621 Indian River Avenue 28°36′29″N 80°48′23″W 2275 U.S. Route 1

Rockledge

Merritt Island

Titusville

28°18′46″N 80°42′37″W

Rockledge

Address Restricted

Titusville

Patrick Air Force Base (IATA: COF, ICAO: KCOF, FAA LID: COF) is a United States Air Force Base located between Satellite Beach and Cocoa Beach, in Brevard County, Florida, United States. It was named in honor of Major General Mason Patrick. An Air Force Space Command (AFSPC) base, it is home to the 45th Space Wing (45 SW). In addition to its “host wing” responsibilities at Patrick AFB, the 45 SW controls and operates Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) and the Eastern Range. It was originally opened and operated from 1940 and 1947 as Naval Air Station Banana River, a U.S. Navy airfield. It was then deactivated as a naval installation in 1947 and placed in a caretaker status, until it was transferred to the Air Force in late 1948 and turned into Patrick AFB. Additional tenant activities at Patrick AFB include the 920th Rescue Wing, the Air Force Technical Applications Center and the Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute (DEOMI). Total employment is 10,400. There are 13,099 military, dependents, civilian employees and contractors on base. The base is a census-designated place (CDP) and had a resident population of 1,222 at the 2010 census. Current operations The host wing for Patrick AFB is the 45th Space Wing (45 SW), whose officers and airmen manage all launches of unmanned rockets at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) 12 miles to the north. These rockets include satellites for the US military, the National Reconnaissance Office, and the National Security Agency, as well as scientific payload launches in support of NASA, weather satellite launches in support of NOAA, payloads in support of international customers

such as the European Space Agency, and commercial payloads for various corporate communications entities. Units and individuals from the 45 SW have deployed abroad during wartime, most notably during Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom The Air Force Technical Applications Center (AFTAC) is a tenant command headquartered at Patrick AFB. An activity of the Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Agency (AFISRA), AFTAC is the sole Department of Defense agency operating and maintaining a global network of nuclear event detection sensors. The 920th Rescue Wing (920 RQW), part of Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC), is another tenant command headquartered at Patrick AFB and is the installation’s only military flying unit. An Air Combat Command (ACC)-gained combat search and rescue organization, the 920 RQW is the only rescue wing in the Air Force Reserve, operating the HC130P/N “King” variant of the C-130 Hercules and HH-60G Pave Hawk helicopter, ready for worldwide deployment. The wing participates in civilian rescue operations, ranging from rescue support for NASA manned spaceflight operations, to augmentative support to U.S. Coast Guard search and rescue (SAR) operations to Defense Support to Civil Authorities in the wake of major disasters. Most notable is the 920th’s role in manned spaceflight support to NASA, providing Eastern Range monitoring and having provided search and rescue support for space shuttle launches originating from Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Additional operations have included searching the Caribbean for downed aircraft, as well as retrieving criti-

cally ill sailors and passengers from ships hundreds of miles out in the Atlantic, often at night and/or in bad weather. Because the USAF HH-60 can refuel in flight from the USAF HC-130, MC-130, or USMC KC130, it possesses a much greater range and mission radius versus similar military helicopters lacking such capability. The 920 RQW is a full participant in the Air Force’s current Air and Space Expeditionary Task Force (AETF) operating concept. Under this concept, the bulk of the wing deployed to Iraq in 2003 in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. Subsequent AETF deployments have included Djibouti and Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. Adjacent to the 920 RQW’s facilities is the NASA Flight Operations Facility, which provides support for NASA’s permanently based UH-1H helicopters supporting KSC and transient NASA fixed-wing aircraft such as the T-38 Talon. The U.S. State Department’s Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Air Wing helps foreign countries combat drugs and narcotics criminals. The Bureau operates a fleet of aircraft, primarily former USAF and USMC OV-10 and former USAF C-27 aircraft at Patrick AFB to help detect and interdict the drug trade in Bolivia, Colombia, Peru and Afghanistan. History Naval use in World War II Authorized by the Naval Expansion Act of 1938, Naval Air Station Banana River was commissioned on October 1, 1940 as a subordinate base of the Naval Air Operational Training Command NAS Jacksonville, Florida. With the advent of war with Japan and Germany in December 1941, the Navy began antiWorld Views Guides | June 2014

submarine patrols along the Florida coast using PBY Catalina and PBM Mariner seaplanes based at this facility. PBMs returned to training duty in March 1942 when replaced on patrol by OS2U Kingfisher seaplanes. Landing strips were constructed in 1943, thereby allowing for concurrent operation of shore based aircraft. Officers of the Free French Navy trained in PBMs at NAS Banana River at this time. Various military related activities took place at NAS Banana River, including maritime patrol aviation operations against German U-Boats, air search and rescue operations, patrol bomber bombardier training, seaplane pilot training, and communications research. Other activities included a blimp squadron detachment, an Aviation Navigation Training School, and an experimental training unit termed Project Baker, a confidential program that developed and tested instrument landing equipment. NAS Banana River hosted and a major aircraft repair and maintenance facility. Later in the war, a small detachment of German POWs from Camp Blanding worked at NAS Banana River on cleanup details. At its peak, the base complement included 278 aircraft, 587 civilian employees, and over 2800 officers and enlisted personnel. Flight 19 probe Three months after World War II, on December 5, 1945, NAS Banana River had an ancillary role in the disappearance of Flight 19, a formation of five TBM Avenger torpedo bombers, which had departed NAS Fort Lauderdale, Florida on a routine over-water training mission. When the flight failed to return to home station, a search and rescue operation was undertaken by multiple air and naval units. After sunset World Views Guides

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on December 5, two PBM Mariner seaplanes from NAS Banana River, originally scheduled for their own training flights were diverted to perform square pattern searches in the area west of 29°N 79°W/29, -79. One of these aircraft, a PBM-5, Bureau Number (BuNo) 59225, took off at 19:27 Eastern Time from NAS Banana River, called in a routine radio message at 19:30 Eastern Time, and was never heard from again. At 19:50, the tanker SS Gaines Mills reported seeing a mid-air explosion, then flames leaping 100 feet (30 m) high and burning on the sea for 10 minutes. The position was 28°35′N 80°15′W / 28.59, -80.25. Captain Shonna Stanley of the SS Gaines Mills reported searching for survivors through a pool of oil, but found none. The escort carrier USS Solomons reported losing radar contact with an aircraft at the same position and time. No wreckage of PBM-5 BuNo 59225 was ever found. During investigation by a board of inquiry regarding the entire Flight 19 incident, attention was given to the loss of the NAS Banana Riverbased PBM. Several witnesses from both NAS Banana River and other PBM Mariner operating locations were questioned concerning occurrences of aviation gasoline (AvGas) fumes in the bilges of PBM series aircraft and associated no smoking regulations, which were reportedly well posted and rigidly enforced aboard all PBMs. Although the board’s report is not a verbatim record and no accusations were made, there seems to be enough inference present to cause one to suspect that the board was aware of the PBM’s nickname, “the flying gas tank”. As such, it is possible that the PBM-5 was destroyed by either (a) an aircrewman violating the no smoking regulations in the aircraft or (b) a

stray electrical spark in the lower aircraft hull that may have ignited AvGas fumes Transition NAS Banana River closed in September 1947 after a gradual deactivation and was placed in a caretaker status. In September 1948 the facility was transferred to the U.S. Air Force. Several of NAS Banana River’s original structures, including runway segments, certain hangars, support buildings, seaplane parking areas and seaplane ramps into the Banana River remain part of modern-day Patrick Air Force Base. United States Air Force use NAS Banana River was transferred to the United States Air Force on September 1, 1948 and renamed the Joint Long Range Proving Ground on June 10, 1949. The installation was renamed Patrick Air Force Base in August 1950. In 1971, the Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute (DEOMI) was established at Patrick AFB. Five of the victims of the Khobar Towers bombing in 1996 were home stationed at Patrick AFB as part of the 71st Rescue Squadron (71 RQS). The 71 RQS subsequently relocated to Moody AFB, Georgia in 1997. The 9/11 attacks prompted the Air Force to close the heavily used 4-lane State Road A1A, which ran immediately in front of the AFTAC Headquarters building. A1A was later reopened to two-lane traffic with car inspections, followed by two-lane traffic without inspections until a barrier was constructed in front of the building and the building reinforced with steel and concrete with the windows sealed. In February 2005, the Patrick AFB Officers Club was destroyed by an accidental fire. In 2010, the Air Force announced its intention to replace the existing AF-

TAC building front State Road A1A with a new facility that would cost in the range from $100 to $200 million. At the time of this announcement, this constituted the largest single military construction (MILCON) project in the United States for the Air Force. When completed, the facility will be a 276,000 square feet (25,600 m2) multistory command and control building with a 38,000 square feet (3,500 m2) radiochemistry laboratory, 18,000 square feet (1,700 m2) central utility plant and a 600 space 180,000 square feet (17,000 m2) parking garage approximately a .25 miles (0.40 km) west of the existing structure. US Navy Boeing E-6 Mercury aircraft, part of Operation Looking Glass, were sometimes seen at Patrick AFB during the 2010-11 time frame and were often mistaken by onlookers for the previously retired VC-137 Presidential aircraft (i.e., Air Force One), which looks similar. Operational history On May 17, 1950, the base was renamed the “Long Range Proving Ground Base” but three months later was renamed “Patrick Air Force Base”, in honor of Major General Mason Patrick. On May 3, 1951, the Long Range Proving Ground Division was assigned to the newly created Air Research and Development Command (ARDC). The next month the division was redesignated the Air Force Missile Test Center (AFMTC). Cost comparison studies done in the early 1950s pointed out the desirability of letting contractors operate the station. The first range contract was signed with Pan American World Services on December 31, 1953. The Air Force Missile Test Center began transferring property and equipment to Pan American World Services at the end of that year. Pan

American operated under contract to the Air Force for the next 34 years (until early October 1988). In 1988, the old range contract was divided into the Range Technical Services (RTS) and the Launch Base Services (LBS) contracts. The RTS contract was awarded to Computer Sciences Raytheon (CSR) in June 1988, and the LBS contract was awarded to Pan American World Services (later known as Johnson Controls) in August 1988. The Eastern Range supported a variety of missile and manned and unmanned space programs in the 1960s, making it a regular focus of media attention. In the 1960s, a test range office at Patrick AFB with a missile backdrop was used to film scenes for the TV sitcom, I Dream of Jeannie, which was set in nearby Cocoa Beach (no cast was present). But by the mid-1970s, the demise of the Apollo manned space program and the end of land-based ballistic missile development at nearby Cape Canaveral Air Force Station signaled a downturn in fortunes, and on February 1, 1977, the “Air Force Eastern Test Range” organization was inactivated and its functions transferred to Detachment 1 of the Space and Missile Test Center (SAMTEC) until the activation of the Eastern Space and Missile Center in 1979 on October 1, 1979. In 1990, ESMC was transferred from the inactivating Air Force Systems Command (AFSC) to the newly established Air Force Space Command (AFSPC). On November 12, 1991 ESMC was inactivated and the 45th Space Wing (45 SW) assumed its remaining functions. Aerospace Defense Command use In 1961, Patrick AFB began hosting a joint Federal Aviation Administration/Air Defense Command jointuse radar site featuring an AN/FPS-

66 general surveillance radar set for air defense of the Patrick AFB/Cape Canaveral area. Designated site “Z211” (FAA J-05), the 645th Radar Squadron was reactivated on 28 June 1962 to operate the radar, feeding data to Semi Automatic Ground Environment Data Center DC-09 at Gunter AFB, Alabama. Aerospace Defense Command (ADC) operated the radar until 25 April 1976 when it was replaced by a detachment of the 20th Air Defense Squadron (OLA-A). The USAF radar was removed around 1988. After its closure by the Air Force, the facility was turned over to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The former ADC site was replaced by a new site near Melbourne, Florida, as part of the Joint Surveillance System (JSS), designated by NORAD as Southeast Air Defense Sector (SEADS) Ground Equipment Facility “J-5”, with a new ARSR-4 radar. Major commands assigned Air Proving Ground Command, October 1, 1949 Air Research and Development Command, May 14, 1951 Redesignated: Air Force Systems Command, April 1, 1961 Air Force Space Command, October 1, 1991–present Major units assigned 2770th Standby Squadron, November 20, 1948 - October 1, 1949 Joint Long Range Proving Ground, 11 May 1949 Redesignated: Florida Missile Test Range, 30 June 1951 Redesignated: Atlantic Missile Range, 1 July 1958 Redesignated: Air Force Eastern Test Range, 1 July 1964 Redesignated: Eastern Range, 12 November 1991-Present Advance HQ, Joint Long Range Proving Ground, October 1, 1949 World Views Guides | June 2014

August 15, 1950 Redesignated, 4820th Air Base Squadron, August 15, 1950 - September 4, 1951 Air Force Eastern Test Range, October 1, 1949 - February 1, 1977 Det. 1 Space and Missile Test Center (SAMTEC), February 1, 1977 - October 1, 1979 Eastern Space & Missile Center (ESMC), October 1, 1979 - November 1, 1991 4800th Guided Missiles Wing, 3 December 1950 Redesignated: 6555th Guided Missile Wing, 14 May 1951 Redesignated: 6555th Guided Missile Group, 1 March 1953-7 September 1954 2d Mobile Communications Group, 1 October 1975 Redesignated: 2nd Combat Communications Group, 24 March 197630 June 1990 4802d (later 6555th) Guided Missile Squadron, April 10, 1951 - August 15, 1959 Inactivated and reactivated as: 6555th Guided Missile Group, 15 August 1959 Redesignated: 6555th Test Wing, 21 December 1959 Redesignated: 6555th Aerospace Test Wing, 25 October 1961 Redesignated: 6555th Aerospace Test Group, 1 April 1970-1 October 1990 4800th Guided Missiles Wing, 3 December 1950 Redesignated: 6555th Guided Missile Wing, 14 May 1951 Redesignated: 6555th Guided Missile Group, 1 March 1953-7 September 1954 550th Guided Missiles Wing, 11–29 December 1950 4802d (later 6555th) Guided Missile Squadron, April 10, 1951 - August 15, 1959 Inactivated and reactivated as: World Views Guides

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6555th Guided Missile Group, 15 August 1959 Redesignated: 6555th Test Wing, 21 December 1959 Redesignated: 6555th Aerospace Test Wing, 25 October 1961 Redesignated: 6555th Aerospace Test Group, 1 April 1970-1 October 1990 6550th Air Base Wing, September 4, 1951 - March 1, 1953 Redesignated: 6550th Air Base Group, March 1, 1953 - October 1, 1990 Redesignated: 1040th Space Support Group, October 1, 1990 - November 12, 1991 Redesignated: 45th Support Group, November 12, 1991 - present Air Force Eastern Test Range, October 1, 1949 - February 1, 1977 Det. 1 Space and Missile Test Center (SAMTEC), February 1, 1977 - October 1, 1979 Eastern Space & Missile Center (ESMC), October 1, 1979 - November 1, 1991 6541st Missile Test Wing, September 4, 1951 - September 7, 1954 45th Space Wing on November 12, 1991–present 45th Support Group became subordinate of Wing Eastern Space & Missile Center became subordinate of Wing 920th Rescue Wing, April 15, 1997– present Reference for history summation, major commands assigned and major units assigned Buildings The base has the Space Coast Inn for visiting personnel, dormitories for permanent party single enlisted personnel, quarters for families in three separate housing areas, recreational housing on the beach, beach access, combined officers and enlisted clubs, commissary, a large base exchange (BX), library and numer-

ous morale, welfare and recreation (MWR) facilities. There are several chapels including Chapel One, Chapel Two, South Chapel at the South Housing area, and Seaside Chapel (Building 440). There is a “45th Space Wing Chapel” which travels with the Wing when it is deployed. The Catholic Group is called “St. George Parish” and meets in Chapel One or Two. While the buildings are owned by the Air Force, the Catholic Parish is under the spiritual direction of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese for the Military Services, USA. In 2009, base housing was privatized and became available for lease by members of the Reserve and Guard, military retirees, Department of Defense civil service employees and DOD contractors. In 2010, the construction of a new 74,000 square feet (6,900 m2) medical clinic was started. It is expected to cost $18.5 million. Media The Missileer was published by the base weekly until September 28, 2012. It was discontinued due to cutbacks. A local paper, Florida Today, publishes The Shark Pride weekly, as a replacement for the former publication. Surrounding areas Atlantic Ocean Cocoa Beach South Patrick Shores Banana River, Merritt Island, Lotus Access Patrick Air Force Base lies on a barrier island, and is primarily accessed from the mainland by the Pineda Causeway (State Road 404) in Satellite Beach, or State Road A1A which runs the entire length of Patrick AFB.

476 Hwy A1A Satellite Beach Providing professional and personal Real Estate service to buyers and sellers in Brevard County Florida since 2003. I enjoy educating clients about the local real estate market, Brevard County schools, medical sevices, and other items of interest. I listen carefully to my clients needs and assist them in finding their ideal home or selling their current property at the best possible terms. Whether you are relocating to Beautiful Brevard County, a first time home buyer, looking to downsize, expand or find your “dream” home, I would love the opportunity to put my 20 years experience to work for you and provide you with “White Glove” Service to make both your Real Estate transaction and move a breeze!! I am a “Designated Relocation Specialist”, and have had the pleasure of assisting numerous military families with moves to Brevard County! Call me today so that I can assist you in buying or selling a home or for any other Real Estate Services!

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