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1. Penobscot County, • Maine Penobscot County is •

Hancock County, Maine - south Waldo County, Maine - southwest a county located in the County, U.S. state of Maine. As • Somerset Maine - west of the 2010 census, the population was 153,923. • Piscataquis County, Maine - northwest Its county seat is Bangor. The county was established on 15 February 1816 from 2. National protected area a portion of Hancock • Sunkhaze Meadows County. Penobscot County National Wildlife Refuge comprises the Bangor, ME Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is notable as being the setting of the 2002-07 TV series The Dead Zone. 1. Geography

2. Demographics Historical population Census Pop. %± 1820 13,870 — 1830 31,530 127.3% 1840 45,705 45.0% 1850 63,089 38.0% 1860 72,731 15.3% 1870 75,150 3.3% 1880 70,476 −6.2% 1890 72,865 3.4% 1900 76,246 4.6% 1910 85,285 11.9% 1920 87,684 2.8% 1930 92,379 5.4% 1940 97,104 5.1% 1950 108,198 11.4% 1960 126,346 16.8% 1970 125,393 −0.8% 1980 137,015 9.3% 1990 146,601 7.0% 2000 144,919 −1.1% 2010 153,923 6.2% Est. 2013 153,364 −0.4%

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 3,557 square miles (9,210 km2), of which 3,397 square miles (8,800 km2) is land and 160 square miles (410 As of the census of 2000, km2) (4.5%) is water. there were 144,919 people, 1. Adjacent counties 58,096 households, and 37,820 families residing in • Aroostook County, the county. The population Maine - north density was 43 people • Washington County, per square mile (16/km²). Maine - southeast There were 66,847 housing

units at an average density of 20 per square mile (8/ km²). The racial makeup of the county was 96.60% White, 0.49% Black or African American, 1.00% Native American, 0.70% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.23% from other races, and 0.96% from two or more races. 0.61% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 17.8% were of English, 17.3% United States or American, 14.0% French, 13.0% Irish and 6.7% French Canadian ancestry according to Census 2000. 95.8% spoke English and 2.3% French as their first language. There were 58,096 households out of which 30.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.50% were married couples living together, 9.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.90% were non-families. 26.70% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The World Views Guides | 2014

average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.88. In the county the population was spread out with 22.80% under the age of 18, 11.30% from 18 to 24, 29.00% from 25 to 44, 23.80% from 45 to 64, and 13.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 95.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.30 males. The median income for a household in the county was $34,274, and the median income for a family was $42,206. Males had a median income of $32,824 versus $23,346 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,801. About 9.70% of families and 13.70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.00% of those under age 18 and 11.10% of those age 65 or over. 1. •

Cities

Bangor (county seat) • Brewer

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• 2.

Old Town

• Maxfield • Medway • Milford • Millinocket • Mount Chase • Newburgh • Newport • Orono • Orrington • Passadumkeag • Patten • Plymouth • Springfield • Stacyville • Stetson • Veazie • Winn • Woodville

Towns

• Alton • Bradford • Bradley • Burlington • Carmel • Charleston • Chester • Clifton • Corinna • Corinth • Dexter • Dixmont • East Millinocket • Eddington • Edinburg • Enfield • Etna • Exeter • Garland • Glenburn • Greenbush • Hampden • Hermon • Holden • Howland • Hudson • Kenduskeag • Lagrange • Lakeville • Lee • Levant • Lincoln • Lowell • Mattawamkeag

Plantations

• Carroll Plantation • Drew Plantation • Seboeis Plantation • Webster Plantation 4.

Census-designated places

• Dexter • East Millinocket • Hampden • Howland • Lincoln • Milford • Millinocket • Newport • Orono

Unorganized territories

• Argyle • East Central Penobscot • Kingman • North Penobscot • Prentiss • Twombly Ridge • Whitney 6. •

Indian reservation

Penobscot Indian Island Reservation

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1. Bangor, Maine Bangor is a city in and the county seat of Penobscot County in the U.S. state of Maine, and the major commercial and cultural center for eastern and northern Maine. The population of the city was 33,039 at the 2010 United States Census. Bangor is the principal city of the Bangor Metropolitan Statistical Area, which has a population of 153,923, and encompasses all of Penobscot County. As of 2008, Bangor is the third most populous city in Maine, as it has been for more than a century. Bangor is the largest market town, distribution center, transportation hub, and media center in a five-county area whose population tops 330,000 and which includes Penobscot, Piscataquis, Hancock, Aroostook, and Washington counties. Bangor is about thirty miles from Penobscot Bay up the Penobscot River at its confluence with the Kenduskeag Stream. It

is connected by bridge to the neighboring city of Brewer. Its immediate suburban towns are Orono (home of the University of Maine campus), Hampden, Hermon, Old Town, Glenburn, and Veazie. 1. History 1.

Earliest period

The Penobscot people long inhabited the area around present-day Bangor, and still occupy tribal land on the nearby Penobscot Indian Island Reservation. The first European to visit the site was probably the Portuguese Esteban Gómez in 1524, followed by Samuel de Champlain in 1605. Champlain was looking for the mythical city of Norumbega, thought to be where Bangor now lies. French priests settled among the Penobscots, and the valley remained contested between France and Britain into the 1750s, making it one of the last regions to become part of New England.

Bangor was started in 1769 by Jacob Buswell, and was originally known as Condeskeag (or Kenduskeag) Plantation. By 1772, there were 12 families, along with a sawmill, store, and school. The settlement’s first child, Mary Howard, was born that year. The first lawsuit was brought in 1790, when Jacob Buswell sued David Wall for calling him “an old damned grey-headed bugar of Hell” and Rev. Seth Noble “a damned rascall”.

Starting in 1775, Condeskeag became the site of treaty negotiations through which the Penobscot were made to give up almost all their ancestral lands, a process complete by about 1820, when Maine became a state. The tribe was eventually left with only its main village on an island upriver from Bangor, called “Indian Old Town” by the settlers. Eventually, a white settlement taking the name Old Town was The British-American planted on the river bank settlement that became opposite the Penobscot World Views Guides | 2014

village, which began to be called “Indian Island”, and remains the site of the Penobscot Nation. In 1779, during the American Revolution, the rebel Penobscot Expedition fled up the Penobscot River after being routed in the Battle of Castine, and the last of its ships (at least nine) were burned or captured by the British fleet at Bangor. Paul Revere was among the survivors who fled into the woods. A cannon from one of the rebel warships is mounted in a downtown park, and artifacts from the sunken ships continue to be discovered in the riverbed, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1787, Condeskeag had grown to 567 people, who decided to incorporate the town under the name of Sunbury. On September 11, 1787, 16 petitioners sent the Sunbury Petition of 1787 to the General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, which rejected the name. Three years later, they tried again, World Views Guides

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this time choosing the name Bangor after a popular hymn tune of the American Revolution. Reverend Seth Noble delivered the petition to the court on May 18, 1790, and it was accepted. The town of Bangor was incorporated on February 25, 1791, by John Hancock, governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

others loaded with horses and cattle back to their post in Castine, which they occupied until April 26, 1815, when they left for Canada. The British stayed only 30 hours, according to one account, because in the midst of celebrating their victory, the soldiers became so drunk on local rum that the officers felt vulnerable to counterDuring the War of 1812, attack and could not hold their own. the town was sacked by the British. After local militia 2. Lumber capital were routed in the Battle of Hampden, the town’s In the 19th century, Bangor selectmen surrendered the prospered as a lumber port, town. The British raided and began to call itself shops and homes for thirty “the lumber capital of the hours, and threatened to world”. Most of the local burn ships in the harbor sawmills (as many as 300 to and unfinished ones on 400) were actually upriver stocks. The selectmen, in neighboring towns like fearing the fires from the Orono, Old Town, Bradley, ships on stocks would and Milford, but Bangor spread to the town, struck a controlled the capital port deal under which they put facilities, supplies and Bangor up a bond, and promised entertainment. to deliver the unfinished capitalists also owned vessels to the British by most of the forests. The the end of November. main markets for Bangor The British floated the lumber were the East Coast seaworthy ships into the cities — Boston and New middle of the Penobscot, York were largely built set some ablaze, and took from Maine lumber — but

much was also shipped directly to the Caribbean. The city was particularly active in shipping building lumber to California during the Gold Rush, via Cape Horn, before sawmills could be established in northern California, Oregon, and Washington. Bangorians subsequently helped transplant the Maine culture of lumbering to the Pacific Northwest, and participated directly in the Gold Rush themselves. Bangor, Washington; Bangor, California; and Little Bangor, Nevada, are legacies of this contact. Sailors and loggers gave the city a widespread reputation for roughness; their stomping grounds were known as the “Devil’s Half Acre”. (The same name was also applied, at roughly the same time, to The Devil’s Half-Acre, Pennsylvania). “Bangor Tigers” spent the winter felling the forests of interior Maine and floated the logs down the Penobscot River to Bangor with the spring snowmelt to receive their pay. Some then returned home to grow and harvest crops during the summer and autumn. An Englishman may have observed others loitering in Bangor when he reported in 1801: “His habits in the forest and the [river] voyage all break up the system of persevering industry and substitute one of alternate toil and indolence, hardship and debauch; and in the alteration, indolence and debauch will inevitably be indulged in the greatest possible proportion.” The arrival of Irish immigrants from nearby Canada beginning in the 1830s, and their competition with local Yankees for jobs, sparked a deadly sectarian riot in 1833 that lasted for days and had to be put down by militia. Realizing the need for a police force, the town incorporated as The City of Bangor in 1834. Irish-Catholic and later Jewish immigrants eventually became established members of the community, along with many migrants from Atlantic Canada. Of 205 black citizens who lived in Bangor in 1910, over a third were originally from Canada. Bangor was a center of political agitation during the bloodless Aroostook War, a boundary dispute with Britain in 1838–39. Still wary of the British navy, which had brought violence to the Penobscot twice, local politicians persuaded the Federal government to build a huge granite fort, Fort Knox, downriver from Bangor at Prospect, Maine, from 1844 to 1864. It remains one of the region’s most prominent landmarks, although it never fired a shot in anger. Many of the lumber barons built elaborate Greek Revival and Victorian houses that still stand on Broadway, West Broadway, and elsewhere around the city. Bangor is also noteworthy for its large number of substantial old churches, as well as its imposing canopy of shade trees. The city was so beautiful it was called “The Queen City of the World Views Guides | 2014

East.” The shorter Queen City appellation is still used by some local clubs, organizations, events and businesses. In addition to shipping lumber, 19th-century Bangor was the leading producer of moccasins, shipping over 100,000 pairs a year by the 1880s. 3.

Slavery and Civil War

the

Bangor was a center of anti-slavery politics in the years before the American Civil War, partly due to the influence of the Bangor Theological Seminary. The city had a chapter of the American AntiSlavery Society with 105 members in 1837, and a parallel Female AntiSlavery Society with 100 more. In 1841, the gubernatorial candidate of the anti-slavery Liberty Party received more votes in Bangor than in any other city in Maine, though he lost by a wide margin to a less radical Bangorean, Edward Kent. U.S. Congressman Israel Washburn Jr. from neighboring Orono was World Views Guides

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instrumental in organizing 30 members of the U.S. House of Representatives to discuss forming the Republican Party, and was the first politician of that rank to use the term “Republican”, in a speech at Bangor on June 2, 1854. Maine’s first meeting on “Women’s Rights” took place in Bangor that same year, with Susan B. Anthony as guest speaker. That Hannibal Hamlin of neighboring Hampden became Lincoln’s first Vice President contributed to the strength of local anti-slavery feeling, at least among an educated elite. The city gradually became so hot for the Republican cause that on Aug. 17, 1861, the offices of the Democratic paper, the Bangor Daily Union, were ransacked by a mob, and the presses and other materials thrown into the street and burned. Editor Marcellus Emery was threatened with violence but escaped unharmed. It was only after the war that he resumed publishing. Bangor and surrounding

towns were heavily engaged in the American Civil War. The North’s first volunteer infantry company was raised there following the attack on Ft. Sumter. The locally mustered 2nd Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment (“The Bangor Regiment”) was the first to march out of the state in 1861, and played a prominent part in the First Battle of Bull Run. The 1st Maine Heavy Artillery Regiment, mustered in Bangor and commanded by a local merchant, lost more men than any other Union regiment in the war (especially in a single illfated charge in the Second Battle of Petersburg, 1864). The 20th Maine Infantry Regiment commanded by Maj. Gen. Joshua Chamberlain from the neighboring town of Brewer gained fame for holding Little Round Top in the Battle of Gettysburg. Grant gave Chamberlain the honor of accepting the surrender of Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia. A bridge connecting Bangor with Brewer is named for

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Chamberlain, who was one of eight Civil War soldiers from Bangor or surrounding Penobscot County towns to receive the Medal of Honor.

attitude by local police and politicians (sustained by a system of bribery in the form of ritualized finepayments known as “The Bangor Plan”) allowed Bangor’s main Civil War Bangor to flout the nation’s naval hero was Charles most long-standing state prohibition law. A. Boutelle, who accepted the surrender of the Confederate fleet after the 4. Early 20th century Battle of Mobile Bay. A In 1900, Bangor was still Bangor residential street is shipping wooden spools named for him. A number to England and wooden of Bangor ships were fruit boxes to Italy. An captured on the high seas average of 2,000 vessels by Confederate raiders in called at Bangor each year. the Civil War, including But its days as a lumber the “Delphine”, “James port were numbered, as Littlefield”, “Mary E. the Maine woods began Thompson” and “Golden to be purchased by paper corporations, and large Rocket”. The University of Maine pulp and paper mills were (originally The Maine erected in towns all along State College) was founded the Penobscot. Bangor in the suburban town of businesses continued to prosper even as the lumber Orono in 1868. industry gave way to Although Maine was the paper in the first quarter first “dry” state (i.e. the of the 20th century. Local first to prohibit the sale of capitalists also invested in alcohol, with the passage a train route to Aroostook of the “Maine law” in County in northern Maine 1851), Bangor managed (the Bangor and Aroostook to remain “wet”. The city Railroad), opening that had 142 saloons in 1890. area to settlement. A look-the-other-way In 1909, Robert E. Peary, World Views Guides

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after leading the first expedition to reach the North Pole, returned by train to the United States from Canada, via Bangor, where he was treated to a reception and given an engraved silver cup. Peary’s Arctic exploration ship, the Roosevelt, had been built just south of Bangor on Verona Island. On April 30, 1911, embers from a hayshed near the Kenduskeag Stream ignited nearby buildings, sparking the Great Fire of 1911. The fire would destroy most of the downtown area, forever changing the face of the city, but as after the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, Bangor rose again and prospered. Most of the present downtown is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Great Fire of 1911 Historic District, while the portion that survived the fire is the ‘West Market Square Historic District’. In 1913, the war of the “drys” (prohibitionists) on “wet” Bangor escalated when the Penobscot County Sheriff was impeached

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and removed by the Maine Legislature for not enforcing anti-liquor laws. His successor was asked to resign by the Governor the following year for the same reason, but refused. A third sheriff was removed by the Governor in 1918, but promptly re-nominated by the Democratic Party. Prohibitionist Carrie Nation had been forcibly expelled from the Bangor House hotel in 1902 after causing a disturbance. In 1915, the German agent Werner Horn attempted to dynamite the international railroad bridge in Vanceboro but was captured and arraigned on federal charges in Bangor. Later that year, $100 million in British gold bullion was shipped by rail from Halifax to New York, over that same bridge and through Bangor, in order to pay war-related debts. Bangor’s Hinkley & Egery Ironworks (later Union Ironworks) was a local center for invention in the 19th and early 20th centuries. A new type of steam engine built there, World Views Guides

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named the “Endeavor”, won a Gold Medal at the New York Crystal Palace Exhibition of the American Institute in 1856. The firm won a diploma for a shingle-making machine the following year. In the 1920s, Union Iron Works engineer Don A. Sargent invented the first automotive snow plow. Sargent patented the device and the firm manufactured it for a national market. In October 1937, “public enemy” Al Brady and another member of his “Brady Gang” (Clarence Shaffer) were killed in the bloodiest shootout in Maine’s history. FBI agents ambushed Brady, Shaffer, and James Dalhover on Bangor’s Central Street after they had attempted to purchase a Thompson submachinegun from Dakin’s Sporting Goods downtown. Brady is buried in the public section of Mount Hope Cemetery, on the north side of Mount Hope Avenue. Until recently, Brady’s grave was unmarked. A group of schoolchildren erected

a wooden marker over his grave in the 1990s, which was replaced by a more permanent stone in 2007. 5.

World War II and after

During the Second World War, Bangor’s Dow Airfield (later Dow Air Force Base) became a major embarkation point for U.S. Army Air Force planes flying to and from Europe. Photographs and obituaries of 112 servicemen from Bangor who gave their lives in the war are preserved in the Book of Honor at the Bangor Public Library. There was also a small POW camp in Bangor for captured German soldiers, a satellite of the much larger Camp Houlton in northern Maine. In November 1944, two German spies landed on the Maine coast by U-Boat and hitched a ride to Bangor, where they boarded a train to New York. They were eventually arrested and tried after an extensive Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

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manhunt. After the war, Dow Airfield became a Strategic Air Command Base, and was subsequently converted into the Bangor International Airport. Beginning in the 1970s, hundreds of thousands of international airline passengers, especially those on charter flights, cleared customs in Bangor as their planes refueled on the way from Europe to the interior of the United States or Mexico. The airport also became a major portal for returning troops in the Gulf War and Iraq War. The destruction of downtown landmarks such as the old city hall and train station in the late 1960s Urban Renewal Program is now considered to have been a huge planning mistake. It ushered in a decline of the city center that was accelerated by the construction of the Bangor Mall in 1978 and subsequent big-box stores on the city’s outskirts.

with bookstores, cafe/ restaurants, galleries, and museums filling oncevacant storefronts. The recent re-development of the city’s waterfront has also helped re-focus cultural life in the historic center.

Bangor is located at 44°48′13″N 68°46′13″W (44.803, −68.770). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 34.59 square miles (89.59 km2), of which 34.26 In 1992, Bangor was the square miles (88.73 km2) launch site for the Chrysler is land and 0.33 square Trans-Atlantic Challenge miles (0.85 km2) is water. Balloon Race, which saw Geography has been teams from five nations both the city’s prosperity compete to reach Europe. and a limiting factor. The Belgians won, but the The Penobscot River American team, blown off watershed above Bangor is course, became the first both extensive and heavily to pilot a balloon from forested, yet was too far North America to Africa; it north to attract American landed near Fez, Morocco, settlers intent on farming. setting new endurance and These same conditions distance records in the made it ideal for lumbering, process. along with deep winter

Also in 1992, a series of NASA scientific research flights carried out from Bangor, using a converted U-2 spy plane, proved that the hole in the ozone layer had grown over the northern hemisphere. This discovery prompted an acceleration of the global Downtown Bangor began phase-out of CFCs under the to recover in the 1990s, Copenhagen Amendment to the Montreal Protocol. World Views Guides

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2. Geography

snows that allowed logs to be easily dragged from the woods by horse-teams. Carried to the Penobscot or its tributaries, logs could be floated downstream with the spring thaw to waterfallpowered sawmills just above Bangor. The sawn lumber was then shipped from the city’s docks, Bangor being at the headof-tide (between the rapids

and the ocean) to points anywhere in the world. The combination of forests and sheltered coves along the nearby Maine coast also fostered the development of a shipbuilding industry to serve the lumber trade. Bangor had certain disadvantages compared to other East Coast ports, including its rival Portland, Maine. Being on a northern river, its port froze during the winter, and it could not take the largest ocean-going ships. The comparative lack of settlement in the forested hinterland also gave it a comparatively small home market. Many of the same conditions that favored lumbering, however, were attractive to the pulp and paper industry which took over the Penobscot watershed in the 20th century. One large difference was transportation: the paper was shipped out, and the chemicals in, by railroad. The city began turning its back on the river as its train-yards became more important. The coming of

the paper industry assured, however, that the Maine woods would remain unsettled for another century. Bangor’s other geographic advantage, not realizable until the mid-20th century, was that it lay along the most direct air-route between the U.S. East Coast and Europe (the Great Circle Route). The construction of an airfield in the 1930s, and its continual expansion under military auspices through the 1960s, eventually allowed the city to take full advantage of this geographic gift. Having the Canadian border closeby also helped. Bangor was the last American airport before Europe, or the first American airport one encountered flying in from Europe. The extension of air routes connecting Europe with the U.S. West Coast and the Caribbean in the 1970s–80s put Bangor very much in the middle as a refueling stop for charter aircraft. The subsequent development of longerrange jets began to reduce

this advantage in the 1990s. A potential advantage that has always eluded exploitation is the city’s location between the port city of Halifax, Nova Scotia, and the rest of Canada (as well as New York). As early as the 1870s, the city promoted a Halifaxto-New York railroad, via Bangor, as the quickest connection between North America and Europe (when combined with steamship service between Britain and Halifax). A European and North American Railway was actually opened through Bangor, with President Ulysses S. Grant officiating at the inauguration, but commerce never lived up to the potential. More recent attempts to capture traffic between Halifax and Montreal by constructing an East–West Highway through Maine have also come to naught. Most overland traffic between the two parts of Canada continues to travel north of Maine rather than across it.

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Demographics

As of 2012, the estimated population of the Bangor Metropolitan Area (which includes Penobscot County) is 153,746, indicating a slight growth rate since 2000, almost all of it accounted for by Bangor. As of 2007, Metro Bangor had a higher percentage of people with high school degrees than the national average (85%compared to 76.5%) and a slightly higher number of graduate degree holders (7.55% compared to 7.16%). It had much higher number of physicians per capita (291 vs. 170), because of the presence of two large hospitals 1. 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 33,039 people, 14,475 households, and 7,182 families residing in the city. The population density was 964.4 inhabitants per square mile (372.4 /km2). There were 15,674 housing units at an average density of 457.5 per square mile (176.6 / km2). The racial makeup World Views Guides

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of the city was 93.1% White, 1.7% African American, 1.2% Native American, 1.7% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.5% of the population.

years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.2% male and 51.8% female. 4.

Rankings

Bangor has been ranked high on several “best places” lists published There were 14,475 by national magazines households of which and websites. Examples include: 24.2% had children under the age of 18 living with • The American Lung them, 32.8% were married Association’s State of the couples living together, Air Report (2014) declared 12.6% had a female Bangor the Cleanest City in householder with no the United States for ozone husband present, 4.2% had pollution and short-term a male householder with particle pollution. Bangor no wife present, and 50.4% was the 23rd Cleanest City were non-families. 37.9% for year-round particle of all households were pollution, and the second made up of individuals and cleanest in the Northeast. 12.4% had someone living • Forbes Magazine’, alone who was 65 years of “25 Best Places to Retire age or older. The average in 2013”. (Bangor was the household size was 2.10 only northeastern city on and the average family size the list.) was 2.76. • AARP Magazine’, The median age in the city “2013 List of Best Places was 36.7 years. 17.8% to Live the Good Life for Under $30K.” of residents were under the age of 18; 16% were • Livability.com, “Top between the ages of 18 and 10 Winter Cities”, 2011 and 2012. 24; 26% were from 25 to 44; 25.8% were from 45 • RelocateAmerica. to 64; and 14.4% were 65 com, “America’s Top 100

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for History, in addition to its exhibit space, maintains the historic Thomas A. Hill House. The Bangor Police Department boasts a police museum with some items dating to the 18th century. There is a Fire Museum at 5. Cultural institutions the former State Street Fire Station. The Bangor Public Library, founded in 1883, In 1989, the Cole traces its beginnings to Land Transportation 1830 and seven books in Museum, the creation a footlocker. It now has of the industrialist and a collection of more than philanthropist Galen Cole, 500,000 volumes, and opened to the public. In regularly records one of the 2014, The Cole was rated highest circulation rates in by Trip Advisor as the No. 1 the country. of fifteen tourist attractions in Bangor. The University of Maine Places to Live”, 2010. • Children’s Health Magazine’, “Top 25 Places to Raise a Family”, 2009. • Money Magazine’, “Top 25 Places to Retire”, 2009.

Museum of Art, located in Norumbega Hall in downtown Bangor, has a permanent collection of more than 6,500 pieces, including works by Berenice Abbott, Marsden Hartley, Winslow Homer, John Marin, Carl Sprinchorn, and Andrew Wyeth. The Maine Discovery Museum, a major children’s museum was founded in 2001 in the former Freese’s Department Store. The Bangor Museum and Center

There are several performing arts venues and groups in the Bangor area. The Bangor Symphony Orchestra, founded in 1896, is the oldest continually operating symphony orchestra in the United States. The Bangor Band, founded in 1859 and performing continually since then, gives free weekly concerts in the city’s parks during the summer, and counts among its past conductors noted march composer Robert

B. Hall. The Penobscot Theatre Company, founded in 1973, is a professional theater company based in the historic Bangor Opera House. The Collins Center for the Arts, located at the nearby University of Maine, hosts a wide variety of touring performing artists and events. River City Cinema hosts a free outdoor summer film festival in downtown Bangor. The University of Maine, the flagship campus of the University of Maine System, is located nine miles from Bangor in the town of Orono and adds significantly to the city’s cultural life. There is also a vocationally oriented University College of Bangor, associated with the University of Maine at Augusta. Bangor’s Husson University, founded in 1898, enrolls about 3,500 students a year in a variety of undergraduate and graduate programs. Beal College, also in Bangor, is a small institution oriented toward career training. The Bangor Theological World Views Guides | 2014

Seminary, founded in 1814, is the only accredited graduate school of religion in northern New England. Bangor has a sister city relationship with nearby Saint John, New Brunswick. 6. Architecture Bangor has a mostly 19th-century cityscape, and sections of the city are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The city has also had a municipal Historic Preservation Commission since the early 1980s. The Thomas Hill Standpipe, a huge elegant shingle style structure, is visible from most parts of the city. Also prominent are the spires of the Hammond Street Congregational and Unitarian churches, built from similar designs by the Boston architectural firm Towle and Foster, and that of St. John’s Catholic Church constructed around the same time. The Bangor House Hotel, now converted to apartments, is the only survivor among a series of “Palace Hotels” World Views Guides

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designed by Boston architect Isaiah Rogers, which were the first of their kind in the United States. Bangor also boasts the country’s second oldest garden cemetery, the Mt. Hope Cemetery, designed by Charles G. Bryant. Richard Upjohn, Britishborn architect and early promoter of the Gothic Revival style, received some of his first commissions in Bangor, including the Isaac Farrar House (1833), Samuel Farrar House (1836), Thomas A. Hill House (presently owned by the Bangor Museum & History Center), and St. John’s Church (Episcopal, 1836–39). The latter was designed just prior to his most famous commission, Trinity Church in New York City. Upjohn was a founding member of the American Institute of Architects and its first president (1857–76). Other local landmarks include the Bangor Public Library by Peabody and Stearns; All Soul’s Congregational Church by Cram,

Goodhue, and Ferguson; the Wheelwright Block by Benjamin S. Deane; and The Eastern Maine Insane Hospital by John Calvin Stevens. Bangor also contains many impressive Greek Revival. Victorian, and Colonial Revival houses, some of which are also listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The most photographed is the William Arnold House of 1856, Bangor’s largest Italianate style mansion and home to author Stephen King. Its wrought-iron fence with bat and spider web motif is King’s own addition. A portion of the city center, which largely resulted from rebuilding following the Great Fire of 1911, is preserved as the Great Fire of 1911 Historic District. The bow-plate of the battleship USS Maine, whose destruction in Havana, Cuba, presaged the start of the SpanishAmerican War, survives on a granite memorial by Charles Eugene Tefft in Davenport Park. In the category “roadside

architecture”, Bangor has a huge, famous fiberglassover-metal statue of mythical lumberman Paul Bunyan by Normand Martin (1959), and one of only two Howard Johnson’s restaurants left in the country.

in Bangor contains the three-part mural “Autumn Expansion” (1980) by noted artist Yvonne Jacquette.

A large bronze commemorating the 2nd Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment (1962) by Wisconsin sculptor Owen 7. Public art Vernon Shaffer stands at There are three large bronze the entrance to Mt. Hope statues in downtown Cemetery. Bangor by sculptor Charles Eugene Tefft of Brewer, 8. Public safety including the Luther Ironically, this city H. Peirce Memorial, associated with the novels commemorating the of Stephen King is among Penobscot River Log- the safest in the United Drivers; a statue of States. Its crime rate is Hannibal Hamlin at the second-lowest among Kenduskeag Mall; and an American metropolitan image of “Lady Victory” at areas of comparable size. Norumbega Parkway. In 2007, the city banned The abstract aluminum smoking in automobiles sculpture “Continuity of when people under 18 are Community” (1969) on present, under penalty of a the Bangor Waterfront, $50 fine. According to the formerly in West Market New York Times, Bangor Square, is by the Castine is “believed to be the first sculptor Clark Battle city to outlaw smoking in Fitz-Gerald (1917–2004) cars with children.” whose works also stand at Coventry Cathedral, 9. Government and Independence Hall, and schools Columbia University. Since 1931, Bangor has The U.S. Post Office

had a Council-Manager form of government. The nine-member City Council is a non-partisan body, with three city councilors elected to three-year terms each year. The nine council members elect the Chair of the City Council, who is referred to informally as the mayor, and plays the role when there is a ceremonial need. In 1996, Bangor’s City Council was the first in North America to give unanimous approval to a resolution opposing the sale of sweat-shopproduced clothing in local stores. In 2012, Bangor’s City Council passed an order in support of same-sex marriage in Maine. The City of Bangor also signed an amicus brief to the United States Supreme Court calling for the federal Defense of Marriage Act to be struck down. As of 2013, the council members are Nelson Durgin, Patricia Blanchette, Joseph Baldacci, David Nealley, Ben Sprague, World Views Guides | 2014

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James Gallant, Pauline the Washington Post High Civiello, Gibran Graham, School Challenge. and Joshua Plourde, with 10. Events Sprague serving as Chair. Bangor has produced nine One of the country’s oldest Governors of Maine (tied fairs, the Bangor State with Augusta for most by Fair has occurred annually a Maine city): William D. for more than 150 years. Williamson, Edward Kent, Beginning on the last Hannibal Hamlin, Harris Friday of July, it features exhibits, M. Plaisted, Frederick agricultural W. Plaisted, Frederic H. carnival attractions, and live performances. Parkhurst, Robert Haskell, John McKernan, and John From 2002 to 2004, Bangor Baldacci. A number of hosted the National Folk others were born in or Festival. In August 2005, lived in suburban towns the annual American Folk such as Brewer, Hampden, Festival began on the and Orono. city’s waterfront. In 2009, Bangor has two major the first annual KahBang secondary schools, the Music Art & Film Festival public Bangor High School was held on the historic bringing and the private John Bapst waterfront, Memorial High School. international artists to the There are also two public city to show the latest in middle schools and one independent art trends. private, and an extensive The annual Bangor Book elementary school system. Festival brings Maine In 2013, Bangor High writers together at the School was named a Bangor Public Library and other venues. National Silver Award winner by US News & The Kenduskeag Stream World Report’s “America’s Canoe Race, a celebrated Best High Schools”. In white-water event which 2012, John Bapst Memorial begins just north of Bangor High School was ranked in in the town of Kenduskeag, the top 20% nationally by has been held annually

for 40 years. Since 2002, Bangor has hosted the Senior League World Series. Bangor also hosts an annual Soapbox Derby race, and a Paul Bunyan marathon. Bangor-area event centers include the Cross Insurance Center (which replaced the historic Bangor Auditorium in 2013), Darling’s Waterfront Pavilion, and the Collins Center for the Arts in nearby Orono. 11. Media The Bangor region has a large number of media outlets for an area its size. The city has an unbroken history of newspaper publishing extending from 1815. Almost thirty dailies, weeklies, and monthlies had been launched there by the end of the Civil War . The Bangor Daily News was founded in the late 19th century, and is one of the few remaining familyowned newspapers left in the United States. Bangor Metro, founded in 2005, is the area’s glossy business, lifestyle, and opinion magazine. World Views Guides | 2014

The alternative/lifestyle Tournament is held each weekly The Maine Edge February at the Bangor also publishes in the city. Auditorium, drawing Bangor has more than a fans from central, eastern dozen radio stations and and northern Maine. The seven television stations, nearby University of Maine including WLBZ 2 (NBC), fields teams in football, WABI 5 (CBS), WVII 7 ice hockey, baseball, (ABC), WBGR 33, and and men’s and women’s basketball. WFVX-LD 22 (Fox). WMEB 12, licensed to nearby Orono, is the area’s PBS member station. Radio stations in the city include WKIT-FM and WZON, owned by Zone Radio Corporation, a company owned by Bangor resident novelist Stephen King. WHSN is a non-commercial alternative rock station licensed to Bangor and run and operated by staff and students at the New England School of Communications located on the campus of Husson University. Several other stations in the market are owned by Blueberry Broadcasting and Cumulus Media.

Bangor High School’s boys and girls swim teams have won more state championships than any other “class A” high school in the state. Its baseball and basketball teams have the highest total of first- or second-place finishes; its football team shares that record with South Portland.

Bangor Raceway at the Bass Park Civic Center and Auditorium offers live, pari-mutuel harness racing from May through July and then briefly in the fall. Hollywood Slots, operated by Penn National Gaming, is Maine’s first slot machine gambling center. In 2007, construction began on a $131-million casino complex in Bangor 12. Sport and recreation that houses, among other The Eastern Maine things, a gambling floor High school basketball with about 1,000 slot World Views Guides

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machines, an off-track betting center, a sevenstory hotel, and a four-level parking garage. In 2011, it was authorized to add table games. Since 2002, Bangor has been home to Little League International’s Senior League World Series. Bangor was home to two minor league baseball teams affiliated with the 1995-98 Northeast League: the Bangor Blue Ox (1996–97) and the Bangor Lumberjacks (2003–04). Even earlier the Bangor Millionaires (1894–96) played in the New England League. Vince McMahon promoted his first professional wrestling event in Bangor in 1979. In 1985, the WWC Universal Heavyweight Championship changed hands for the first time outside of Puerto Rico at an IWCCW show in Bangor. Outdoor activities in the Bangor City Forest and other nearby parks, forests, and waterways include hiking, sailing, canoeing, hunting, fishing, skiing,

and snowmobiling. The Penobscot has long been the premier salmonfishing river in Maine; the Bangor Salmon Pool traditionally sent the first fish caught to the President of the United States. From 1999 to 2006, low fish stocks resulted in a ban on salmon fishing. Today, the wild salmon population (and the sport) is slowly recovering. The Penobscot River Restoration Project is working to help the fish population by removing some dams north of Bangor.

2013 U.S. News and World Airport and Minneapolis. Report ranked the Eastern Most of the major car rental Maine Medical Center as companies have desks at the airport. the second best hospital in Maine. 3. Bus and public transportation 14. Transportation 1.

Roads

Daily intercity bus service from Bangor proper is provided by two companies. Concord Coach Lines connects Bangor with Augusta, Portland, several towns in Maine’s midcoast region, and Boston, Massachusetts. Cyr Bus Lines provides daily service to Caribou and several northern Maine towns along I-95 and Route 1.

Bangor sits along interstates I-95 and I-395; U.S. highways US 1A, US 2, US Route 2A; and state routes SR 9, SR 15, SR 15 Business, SR 100, SR 202, and SR 222. Three major bridges connect the city to neighboring Brewer: Joshua Chamberlain Bridge (carrying US 1A), Penobscot River Bridge 13. Health care Bangor is home to two (carrying SR 15), and the The area is also served Remembrance by Greyhound, which large hospitals, the Eastern Veterans Maine Medical Center Bridge (carrying I-395). operates out of Dysart’s and the Catholic-affiliated Truck Stop in neighboring 2. Airports St. Joseph Hospital. Hermon. As of 2012, the Bangor Five major airlines offer In 2011, Acadian Lines Metropolitan Statistical over 60 flights a day to and ended bus service to Saint Area (Penobscot County) from Bangor International John, New Brunswick, ranked in the top fifth Airport, giving the city because of low ticket sales. for physicians per capita non-stop service to Boston, Philadelphia, The BAT Community nationally (74th of 381). It Newark, Cincinnati, Connector system offers is also within the top ten in Detroit, transportation the Northeast (i.e. north of Atlanta, Orlando, and public Pennsylvania) and the top seasonal non-stop service within Bangor and to five in New England. In to New York’s LaGuardia adjacent towns such as Orono. There is also a World Views Guides | 2014

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seasonal (summer) shuttle Squadron, which mostly between Bangor and Bar fly KC-135 tanker planes. Harbor. The 132nd, which has been based in Bangor since 4. Freight rail 1947, and calls itself “The Freight service is MAINEiacs”, was a fighter squadron until 1976. provided by the Canadian National Railway and In 1990, the USAF East New Brunswick Southern Coast Radar System Railway. (ECRS) Operation Center was activated in Bangor 5. Defunct services with over 400 personnel. The center controlled 1. Passenger rail the Over-The-Horizon Passenger rail service was Backscatter (OTH-B) radar provided most recently system, whose transmitter by the New Brunswick was in Moscow, Maine, Southern Railway, which and receiver in coastal discontinued its route Columbia Falls. Designed to Saint John, New and built by General Electric, and incorporating Brunswick, in 1994. 28 Digital Equipment 15. M i l i t a r y VAX computers housed in Bangor, it was the installations Although Dow Air most powerful radar in Force Base has been the world, capable of the city-owned Bangor monitoring virtually the International Airport since entire North Atlantic, from 1969, the US military and Iceland to the Caribbean. A the Maine Air National similar system on the West Guard continue to house Coast was built but never units there and share the activated. With the end of runway. These include the Cold War, the facility’s of guarding the 101st Air Refueling mission Wing of the United States against a Soviet air attack Air Force (USAF) and became superfluous, and its 132nd Air Refueling though it briefly turned World Views Guides

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its attention toward drug interdiction, the system was decommissioned in 1997 as an expensive Cold War relic. In 1960–64, Bangor had a similar experience as one of a dozen BOMARC anti-aircraft missile bases. Abandoned by the Air Force four years after construction, the fortified concrete missile bunkers long survived as ghostly landmarks, and a deactivated BOMARC missile was briefly mounted, statue-like, next to Paul Bunyan at Bass Park. Today the BOMARC site has been turned into an industrial park which is home to Hartt Trucking and the locally famous Bean’s Meats as well as a number of small businesses and organizations that occupy the former missile bunkers. 16. Bangor in popular culture 1.

Books and plays

Bangor or its alter ego Derry are the fictional settings for so many novels and stories by Stephen King

that the city has become the capital of Transylmainia, a gothic horror-scape King invented largely by himself (with some help from the 1960s television show Dark Shadows). Bangor locations were featured most prominently in King’s novel It. Bangor is the home of the protagonist in John Guare’s famous play Landscape of the Body. In Henry James’ short story A Bundle of Letters, Miranda Hope from Bangor is a tourist in Paris. Billy Barry, the fictional hero in Horace Porter’s Young Aeroplane Scouts novel series of 1916–19, is also from Bangor, as is Edward Wozny, the protagonist in Lew Grossman’s 2004 novel Codex, and Sir Kevin Dean de Courtney MacNair in Hayford Peirce’s time-travel novel Napoleon Disentimed. The character Teresa Bruckham is a horror novelist from Bangor in Lily Strange’s novel Lost Beneath the Surface. The character Dr. Benjamin Northcote is Bangor’s city coroner,

and part of the crimefighting team in Kathy Lynn Emerson’s Diana Spaulding Mystery series. Bangor is the setting for Christina Baker Kline’s 1999 novel Desire Lines. The 1988 novel Pink Chimneys by Ardeana Hamlin Knowles, is set in 19th century Bangor. The Big House by Mildred Wasson, published in 1926, describes a wealthy family in decline in early 20th century Bangor (renamed ‘Hamlin’). Owen Davis’ Pulitzer Prize winning 1923 play Icebound is set in neighboring Veazie. Bangor is also one location in the 1992 novel Prussian Blue by Tom Hyman. A “frolicsome night place” in Bangor called “The Sea Hag” figures incidentally in the Tennessee Williams short-story Sabbatha and Solitude. In Rudyard Kipling’s and Wolcott Balestier’s The Naulahka: A Story of East and West, a family of missionaries in India hails from Bangor (and even has their maple syrup delivered from home). Henry David

Thoreau’s The Maine Woods includes this passage describing Bangor: “Like a star at the edge of the night, still hewing the forests of which it is built, already overflowing with the luxuries and refinements of Europe, and sending its vessels to Spain, to England, to the West Indies for its groceries” In John Steinbeck’s Travels with Charley, he learns an important lesson in a little restaurant just outside of Bangor. Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale begins with the discovery of a footlocker full of cassette tapes in the ruins of what was once Bangor, a prominent way-station on “The Underground Femaleroad” in the dystopic Republic of Gilead. Marguerite Beaulieu’s French-language story Bangor, Maine, USA was published in Horrifique 13 (1994) 2.

Poems

Robert Lowell’s Flying from Bangor to Rio 1957 World Views Guides | 2014

was written at the poet’s summer house in nearby Castine, Maine about the experience of seeing off his friend, the poet Elizabeth Bishop at the Bangor Airport. The home of Junior in Everything Matters 3.

Songs

Bangor, Maine is steeped in musical history. Reverend Seth Noble named Bangor in 1791 for the popular hymn tune of his day, written by William Tans’ur and first published in 1734 in London. Paul Revere and Josiah Flagg did an engraving and printed and published it in Boston in 1764; A COLLECTION OF THE BEST PSALM TUNES. This publication shows that the popularity of the BANGOR TUNE qualified it for an earlier Bostonian version of our current “Top 10 List” of popular songs. The BANGOR TUNE was also very popular in Scotland and has been mistakenly called a Scottish psalm tune. It was so popular that Robert Burns mentioned it World Views Guides

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in his famous poem, “The Ordination.” It was also performed at the funeral service for President George Washington in 1799 in Newburyport, Massachusetts. Bangor is mentioned in King of the Road, a country song by Roger Miller. The line goes “Third boxcar, midnight train. Destination: Bangor, Maine.” Southbound Train by Travis Tritt has a similar reference. This formula— using rhyming Maine and train, and Bangor as an edge destination—first appeared in the popular 1871 song Riding Down From Bangor (or Riding Up From Bangor) by Louis Shreve Osborne. The lyric goes: “Riding down from Bangor in an eastern train, after six weeks of hunting in the woods of Maine.” It was recorded in Britain and South Africa, though never in the United States. A fragment of the lyric (changed to “Riding down from Bangor on the midnight train...”) appears in the quodlibet of the arrangement for orchestra

and chorus of Charles Ives’s song “The Circus Band,” though apparently with a different melody. George Orwell wrote about the song in his 1946 essay Riding Down from Bangor. As a child, he remembered, “my picture of nineteenthcentury America was given greater precision by a song which is still fairly well known and which can be found (I think) in the Scottish Student’s Song Book.” The most recent play on this formula was a song by Garrison Keillor, sung on his radio show Prairie Home Companion on May 3, 2008, which went “Bangor Maine, Bangor Maine; Take a boat or ride the train; Take a slicker, it might rain; In Bangor, Maine” A fatal accident on the Bangor and Piscataquis Railroad between Bangor and Old Town in 1848 is the subject of the earliest known railroad song, Henry Sawyer. Bangor is named in the North American version of I’ve Been Everywhere by Lucky Starr. How ‘bout

them Cowgirls by George Strait includes the line “I’ve crisscrossed down to Key Biscayne, and Chi-town via Bangor, Maine. George also mentions Bangor in his song “Brothers of the Highway” off of his Grammy award winning album Troubadour.”

Titanic’s 1992 Lower the the novel by Ben Ames Williams is set in early Atlantic album. 19th century Bangor. The Mountain Goats

The Rooftops of Bangor by the Minneapolis indie group The God Damn Doo Wop Band was inspired by a line in a love letter to member Katie (Kat) Naden.

Several movie versions of Stephen King’s stories have been filmed in and around Bangor. The Langoliers was set and filmed in part at Bangor International Airport. Pet Sematary and Graveyard Shift include scenes filmed at Mt. Hope Cemetery and The Bangor Water Works. Creepshow 2 includes scenes filmed in Bangor, Brewer, and nearby Dexter, Maine. In the 1996 film Thinner King himself plays a character named “Dr. Bangor”. The 1984 movie Firestarter, based on a King novel, held its world premiere at the Bangor Cinema, with King, Drew Barrymore and Dino de Laurentiis in attendance.

Old Town native Patty Griffin mentions a “bus that’s going to Bangor” in the first line of her autobiographical song Burgundy Shoes from her 2007 Grammy Awardnominated album Children Running Through. The song Band of Brothers by Dierks Bentley also mentions Bangor. The lyrics go “From the bars of San Diego to the county fair way up in Bangor, Maine”.

recorded a song entitled “Going to Bangor” for an early cassette release (later included on 1999’s Bitter Melon Farm compilation). 4.

Film and television

The fictional town of Collinsport, Maine, the setting for 1960s gothic TV soap opera Dark Shadows, was 50 miles from Bangor, according to the script of the first episode. The equally fictional “Bangor Pine Hotel” was a location in two first-season scenes. Likewise, The Dead Zone, a series based on the Stephen King novel, takes place in a fictional suburb of Bangor called Cleaves Mills. The title character in the 2004 television film, Celeste in the City was from Bangor. In 1987 Late Night with David Letterman conducted an on-air campaign to get Bangor to watch Dave, after discovering he had unusually low ratings there. He even resorted to reading random names from the local phonebook.

Julie “The Cat” Gaffney from The Mighty Ducks The Bogeyman from The 1946 film The Strange (film series) is from Bangor. Bangor, Maine is a cut Woman starring Hedy on Norwegian rock band Lamarr, and based on The Canadian television World Views Guides | 2014

series Trailer Park Boys featured a train convention in Bangor on the season 7 episode “Friends of the Road”. A series of Saturday Night Live sketches, titled “Maine Justice”, feature Bangor. 5.

Comic books

MODOK, the villainous Marvel Comics character, was created from the benign lab technician George Tarleton, a native of Bangor. The G.I. Joe character Sneak Peek is also from Bangor, along with Crystal Ball’s mother. The location of DC Comics second “Dial H for Hero” series is a suburb of Bangor. 6.

Sports

A skillful competitor in the sport of birling (logrolling) has traditionally been known as a Bangor Tiger. This was the name given Penobscot riverdrivers in the 19th century.

recipe for chocolate brownies referred to them as Bangor Brownies. Fanny Farmer invented “brownies” in her 1896 cookbook, but these were molasses-flavored, had a nut on top, and were baked in individual pans. The first recipe for what we’d recognize today as chocolate brownies was published in the Boston Daily Globe on April 2, 1905, pg. 34 and read: BANGOR BROWNIES. Cream 1/2 cup butter, add 2 eggs, 1 cup sugar, 2 squares of chocolate (melted), 1/2 cup broken walnuts meats, 1/2 cup flour. Spread thin in buttered pans. Bake in moderate oven, and cut before cold. The 1907 Lowney’s Cook Book, published by the Walter Lowney Chocolate Co., contained two chocolate brownie recipes. The one with extra chocolate, and baked in a pan, it also called “Bangor Brownies”. The use of the term in printed recipes continued into the 1950s.

of 1872 included a recipe for “Bangor Cake”, repeated in the Woman’s Suffragette Cookbook of 1886, and others as late as 1916. Two varieties of plum, the “Mclaughlin” and the “Penobscot”, were first identified in the garden of John Mclaughlin of Bangor in 1846, and publicized the same year in A. J. Downing’s The Horticulturalist. The Mclaughlin had become the most prominent Americancultivated plum by the 1850s, surpassing all others in its “rich and luscious flavor” according to the Magazine of Horticulture. Both continue to be grown throughout North America and Europe. 8.

Ships

The first vessel ever built in Bangor was the schooner SUSANNAH, built in 1791, around the time of Bangor’s incorporation, by Robert Treat. It took two years to build and it was launched in 1793. It was 7. Food first known as the “Treat The earliest documented The Appledore Cookbook ship” and it was built a World Views Guides

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short distance below the Penjejawock stream not far from the Eastern Maine Medical Center parking lot. It was purchased in 1793 by Robert Hichborn of Fort Point (now known as Stockton Springs). It was known as a Hichborn packet and were made to haul lumber, fish poultry and butter to the Boston markets. It reportedly made at least two voyages to Liverpool, England with cargoes of lumber. It was on its way to be sold in Boston when it tragically struck rocks off of Boon Island on October 20, 1798 and all on aboard were lost at sea. The news of this wreck sent shock waves from Bangor to Boston for many well-known children and family members lost their lives at sea. The first ocean-going ironhulled steamship in the U.S. was named The Bangor. She was built by the Harlan and Hollingsworth firm of Wilmington, Delaware in 1844, and was intended to take passengers between Bangor and Boston. On her second voyage, however,

in 1845, she burned to the waterline off Castine. She was rebuilt at Bath, returned briefly to her earlier route, but was soon purchased by the U.S. government for use in the Mexican-American War. An earlier steamship named Bangor had been built in 1833 for the Boston & Bangor Steamship Co. by Bell & Brown of New York. She was in service till 1842, when she was bought by a Turkish company, renamed the “Sudaver”, and used as a ferry in Istanbul (then Constantinople). A four-masted schooner named The Bangor was also built in Eureka, California, in 1891. The City of Bangor was an Eastern Steamship Co. steamer, built 1894 in East Boston, that connected Bangor and Boston on a daily run in the early 20th century. The Tacoma class frigate USS Bangor (PF16), launched in 1943, escorted North Atlantic convoys during World War II.

Business

Two businesses listed on the New York Stock Exchange have used ‘Bangor’ in their names. The Bangor and Aroostook Railroad, which operated between 1891 and 2003 was founded by local capitalists and originally had its offices in Bangor. In 1964 it merged with the Boston-owned but Cubabased Punta Alegre Sugar Corp., forming Bangor Punta Alegre Sugar or after 1967 just Bangor Punta. On the advice of BP Director and former president of the B&A Curtis Hutchins, the railroad was sold in 1969, but Bangor Punta, managed by HungarianAmerican financier Nicolas Salgo (who also built the Watergate complex in Washington), and with Bangorean Hutchins still on the board, became a classic 1960s conglomerate, accumulating such diverse holdings as the arms-maker Smith and Wesson, Piper Aircraft, and a number of yacht-makers. It was on the Fortune 500 List for most of its existence. Salgo was bought out in 1974 and the World Views Guides | 2014

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corporation dissolved in 1798: The shipwreck of 1984. the Bangor built schooner Bangor has been a major Susannah. This was the banking center since the first vessel built in Bangor 1830s. The city was served in 1791 and launched in by 10 banks as of 2013. 1793 in the Robert Treat The Bangor Savings Bank Shipyard. It reportedly hit (founded 1852) is Maine’s rocks off of Boon Island largest independent bank, or off the coast of Cape with more than 2.8 billion Ann, Massachusetts on a dollars in assets as of 2013 voyage to Boston. Parts of , and the largest share of the ship and articles of the passengers were recovered the Bangor market. off Halibut Point near Cape 17. Accidents, natural Ann, including the chest of disasters and infamous clothing of S. Noble, Jr., son of Rev. Seth Noble. incidents Friends and family of Paul The Great Fire of 1911 was Revere were also on this Bangor’s most spectacular vessel, including members catastrophe, but other of the Hichborn family natural disasters and on route to the marriage accidents have occurred of Susannah Hichborn. there, often with greater Twenty passengers and loss of life (only two crew all died at sea. The were killed in the Great Master of the ship was Fire). The most recurrent Captain Daniel Jameson, problem, besides fire, was who lived at the time of the formation of ice dams, his death in Bangor (today which can cause spring Orono) near Jameson floods on the Penobscot Falls. This shipwreck was River, a situation that’s the Titanic of its day and resolved itself with it sent shock waves from warmer winters. The only Bangor to Boston because destructive flood since of the famous passengers the 1930s (in 1976) was who lost their lives. caused by a storm at sea. 1832: A cholera epidemic Notable incidents include:

in St. John, New Brunswick (part of the Second cholera pandemic) sent as many as eight hundred poor Irish immigrants walking to Bangor. This was the beginning of Maine’s first substantial Irish-Catholic community. Competition with Yankees for jobs caused a riot and resulting fire in 1833. 1846: The “Great Freshet”, or spring flood, was the most destructive of the 19th century. It carried away the Penobscot River covered bridge, two bridges over the Kenduskeag Stream, and inundating a hundred shops and many houses. Its cause was the sudden release of a massive, 4-mile-long ice dam. There were no casualties. 1849–50: The Second cholera pandemic reached Bangor itself, killing 20–30 within the first week. 112 had died by Oct, 1849 The final death toll was 161. A late outbreak of the disease in 1854 killed seventeen others. The victims in most cases were poor Irish immigrants. World Views Guides | 2014

1854: The schooner Manhattan of Bangor was lost in a gale off New Jersey. There was a single survivor. 1856: A large fire destroyed at least 10 downtown businesses and 8 houses, as well as the sheriff’s office. 1856: The brig William H. Safford of Bangor was cut through by ice while anchored in the East River at New York, and 8 of 10 aboard drown, including the captain, his wife, and 2 children. 1858: The floor of an auction store in Bangor gave way, sending 200 men, women, and children into the building’s cellar. Many were injured but none killed.

were rescued by a passing closed local schools. whaler. 1882: A tornado blew the 1869: The West Market steeple off the Universalist Square fire, from which Church, the roof off the arose The Phoenix Block County Courthouse, and (the present Charles Inn). sent hundreds of chimneys The fire destroyed 10 into the street. business blocks and cut off 1889: Forest fires in telegraphic communication surrounding towns 1869: The Black Island Railroad Bridge north of Old Town, Maine collapsed under the weight of a Bangor and Piscataquis Railroad train, killing 3 crew and injuring 7–8 others.

1869: The schooners Susan Duncan and Susan Hicks of Bangor, both carrying lumber, were lost with all hands in a storm off Cape Cod. 1871: A bridge in Hampden collapsed under the weight of a Maine Central Railroad train approaching Bangor, killing 2 and injuring 50.

1860: The brig Mary Pierce, sailing with lumber from Bangor to New Haven, was lost in a storm off Cape Cod with 6 crew 1872: Another large and a child. One sailor downtown fire, on Main survived. St., killed 1 and injured 1860: The brig H.N. 7. The Adams-Pickering Jenkins of Bangor, bound Block (architect George W. for Havana, Cuba, was Orff) replaced the burned demasted in a storm and the section. captain the 3 crew killed. 2 1872: A smallpox epidemic World Views Guides

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enveloped Bangor smoke.

1892: Another tornado overturned the launch Annie in the Penobscot River drowning 8 passengers. 1895: Another Penobscot flood 1896: The barkentine Thomas J. Stewart of Bangor was lost at sea in a hurricane with all hands (11 men) somewhere between New York and Boston The ship was named after one of Bangor’s principle entrepreneurs, the owner of a large fleet of oceangoing vessels. 1898: A Maine Central Railroad train crashed near Orono killing 2 and fatally injuring 4. The president of the railroad and his wife were also on board in a private car, but escaped

injury. Train Wrecked in River railroad bridge from Maine its foundations and sent 1898: The steamer it crashing through the Pentagoet of the Manhattan wooden covered pedestrian down-stream, Line was lost in a gale bridge between New York City cutting all connections with Brewer. and Bangor with all 16

killed 15, including 5 members of the Presque Isle Brass Band.

1911: In Bangor’s first automobile accident fatal to the driver, artist Emma Webb was killed and her 1903: The Bangor-based two passengers injured in schooner Willie L. Newton a collision with an electric turned turtle (upside down) street-railroad car. in a storm off Connecticut, 1914: The Bangor Opera with loss of all hands (7 House burned down, and men). two firemen were killed by

hands. In the same storm, two schooners sailing from Bangor to Fall River, Massachusetts loaded with lumber, the William Slater and Oriole were similarly lost with no survivors. 1907: The sloop Ruth E. 1899: The collapse of a Cummack capsized in gangway between a train Penobscot Bay, drowning and a waiting ferry at 6 young men, 5 of them Mount Desert sent 200 from Bangor. members of a Bangor 1908: Forest fires burned in excursion party into the surrounding towns. 1,000 water, drowning 20. men fought them within a 1900: The schooner Ada Herbert sailing from Gloucester, Massachusetts to Bangor was lost with all four crew.

35-mile radius of Bangor.

1908: Bangor’s first automobile accident claimed the life of 10-yearold Freddie O’Conner, who ran in front of a chauffeurdriven Pope Hartford which was running down State Street without its lights at dusk.

1901: A powerful storm caused the Penobscot to flood, carrying 8,000 logs from Bangor into Penobscot Bay, where they menaced shipping. 1911: The Great Fire of 1902: Another great spring 1911 flood, caused by an ice 1911: A head-on collision dam, detached the middle of two trains north of section of the Penobscot Bangor, in Grindstone,

a collapsing wall. A third was badly injured, and three others less seriously. 1918: The Spanish flu pandemic of 1918, which was global in scope, struck over a thousand Bangoreans and killed more than a hundred. This was the worst ‘natural disaster’ in the city’s history since the Cholera epidemic of 1849. 1923:

The Penobscot flooded again.

1928: Tiger-tamer Mabel Stark while performing in the John Robinson Circus in Bangor, was attacked by two of her tigers and severely mauled in front of a large crowd. She survived, and went on to survive 17 World Views Guides | 2014

more tiger attacks, though the rest in small towns or none as bad as the one in wilderness areas between Bangor. the north woods and the coast. 1936: For the last time, an

1939: A truck carrying dynamite from Bangor through Holden, Maine was blown to bits, killing 6.

a week in some areas as all trees, utility poles, and other objects were coated with a glistening layer of ice. 1947: A fire in the municipal power station caused a city18. Neighborhoods wide electrical blackout • Broadway 1976: A coastal Northeaster, known as The • West Broadway / Whitney Park Groundhog Day gale of • Fairmount 1976 caused a surge up the • Judson Heights Penobscot River, resulting • Bangor Gardens in a flash flood downtown • Outer Essex which covered 200 cars • Little City and closed both bridges to Brewer. No one was injured • Chapin Park (Tree Streets) but it caused $2 million in • Capehart property damage. • Old Capehart 1984: The 740 ft. tall WVII TV antenna and 550 ft. tall WABI-TV antenna both collapsed under ice, knocking seven TV and radio stations off the air.

1941: First fatal crash of a military aircraft in Maine, when a B-18 Bolo Bomber stationed at Bangor Army Airfield went down in nearby Springfield, Maine, killing all 4 crew. Between 1941 and 1971, there would be 14 additional fatal crashes of military aircraft based in Bangor, 3 within city limits and

1998: The North American Ice Storm of 1998. Bangor was among a few metropolitan areas in the United States affected by this freakish storm, which was a major natural disaster for Canada. Electricity was knocked out for more than

ice dam on the Penobscot caused serious flooding in Bangor. 1937: Al Brady, an armed robber and murderer is shot dead in a shoot out with his accomplice, ending The Brady Gang

1938: A short earthquake on August 22 broke glass and crockery across the city, and cut telephone service in some areas for 15–20 minutes. It was felt more strongly in Brewer.

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1984: Charlie Howard was thrown from a bridge and murdered for being gay.

Piscataquis County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maine. As of the 2010 census, its population was 17,535, making it Maine’s least-populous county. Its county seat is Dover-Foxcroft. The county was incorporated on 23 March 1838, taken from the western part of Penobscot County and the eastern part of Somerset County, and is named for an Abenaki word meaning “branch of the river” or “at the river branch.” It is located at the geographic center of Maine. Originally it extended north to the Canadian border, but in 1844 its northern portion was annexed by Aroostook County. In land area, Piscataquis is one of the largest U.S. counties east of the Mississippi River. It is also one of two counties in the Northeast (and seven counties east of the Mississippi River) that meets Frederick Jackson Turner’s requirements for “frontier” country - that is, having fewer than six inhabitants per square mile, the other being Hamilton

County, New York.

3. Demographics

Baxter State Park, a large wilderness preserve, is located in Piscataquis County.

Historical population Census Pop. %± 1840 13,138 — 1850 14,735 12.2% 1860 15,032 2.0% 1870 14,403 −4.2% 1880 14,872 3.3% 1890 16,134 8.5% 1900 16,949 5.1% 1910 19,887 17.3% 1920 20,554 3.4% 1930 18,231 −11.3% 1940 18,467 1.3% 1950 18,617 0.8% 1960 17,379 −6.6% 1970 16,285 −6.3% 1980 17,634 8.3% 1990 18,653 5.8% 2000 17,235 −7.6% 2010 17,535 1.7% Est. 2013 17,124 −2.3%

1. Geography According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 4,378 square miles (11,340 km2), of which 3,961 square miles (10,260 km2) is land and 417 square miles (1,080 km2) (9.5%) is water. It is the secondlargest county in Maine by area. The largest lake in the county is Moosehead Lake at 120 square miles (310 km2). The highest natural point in the county and the state of Maine is Mount Katahdin at 5,271 feet (1,606 meters), while the geographic center is Greeley Landing in the Town of Dover-Foxcroft.

As of the census of 2000, there were 17,235 people, 7,278 households, and 4,854 families residing in the county. The population density was 4 people per square mile (2/km²). There were 13,783 housing units at an average density of 4 per square mile (1/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 97.84% White, 0.21% Black or African American, 0.52% Native American, 0.27% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 2. Adjacent counties • Aroostook County, 0.14% from other races, and 1.00% from two or Maine - north • Penobscot County, more races. 0.52% of the population were Hispanic Maine - southeast • Somerset County, or Latino of any race. 23.6% were of English, Maine - west 16.4% French, 15.3% World Views Guides | 2014

United States or American and 11.5% Irish ancestry according to Census 2000. 96.9% spoke English and 2.0% French as their first language. There were 7,278 households out of which 28.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.10% were married couples living together, 8.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.30% were non-families. 27.80% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.83. In the county the population was spread out with 23.40% under the age of 18, 5.70% from 18 to 24, 26.00% from 25 to 44, 27.50% from 45 to 64, and 17.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 96.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were World Views Guides

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95.20 males. The median income for a household in the county was $28,250, and the median income for a family was $34,852. Males had a median income of $28,149 versus $20,241 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,374. About 11.20% of families and 14.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.80% of those under age 18 and 13.90% of those age 65 or over. 1.

Religion

Piscataquis County has one of the lowest rates of religious adherents in the United States. The county ranks at 3,085 of 3,148 counties (lowest 2%), with 20.5% of the population regularly attending congregations or claiming religious membership. In Maine, Piscataquis County ranks tenth of the 16 counties in percentage of religious adherents. The State of Maine has the lowest percentage of religious adherents in the United States at 27%.

Government politics 1.

and

County officials

The following individuals hold county offices: County Manager: Marilyn Tourtelotte • County Treasurer: Gail Lynch • F i n a n c e Administrator: Phyllis Lyford • Sheriff: John Goggin • EMA Director: Tom Capraro • Probate Register: Donna Peterson • Deeds Register: Linda Smith • District Attorney: R. Chris Almy • DA Administrative Assistant: Elaine Roberts • Head of Maintenance: David Ronco • Judge of Probate: James R.Austin •

2. C o u n Commissioners Districts

y and

Piscataquis County is administered by three County Commissioners, each representing one of the three county districts.

They are elected for four year terms. A term of office begins on January 1 following the election in November. County Commissioner meetings are typically held on the 1st and 3rd Tuesdays of the month at the County Courthouse in DoverFoxcroft. The meetings begin at 8:30 a.m. and continue until the agenda for the meeting has been addressed.

Bowerbank, Brownville, Lake View Plt, Medford, Milo, Sebec and the Unorganized Territories of Barnard, Ebeeme, Katahdin Iron Works, Orneville, Williamsburg and Northeast Piscataquis County.

County Commissioners: District 1:Eric P. Ward District 2:James D. Annis District 3:Frederick Trask County Districts: District 1 includes the towns of Abbot, Beaver Cove, Greenville, Guilford, Kingsbury Plt, Monson, Parkman, Shirley, Wellington and the Unorganized Territories of • Blanchard, Elliotsville and • Northwest Piscataquis. District 2 includes 3. the towns of DoverFoxcroft, Sangerville and • Willimantic. District 3 includes the towns of Atkinson,

Communities 1.

Towns

• Abbot • Atkinson • Beaver Cove • Bowerbank • Brownville • Medford • Monson • Parkman • Sangerville • Sebec • Shirley • Wellington • Willimantic 2.

• 4.

Milo

Unorganized territories • Blanchard Southeast Piscataquis Northeast Piscataquis Northwest Piscataquis

• • • 6.

Notable residents

Berenice Abbott, photographer • David Mallett, Singer-Songwriter • Sir Hiram Stevens Maxim, inventor • Sir Harry Oakes, philanthropist Harry Oakes • Roxanne Quimby, businesswoman • Max Schubel, composer •

Plantations

Kingsbury Plantation Lake View Plantation Census-designated places Dover-Foxcroft (county seat) • Greenville • Guilford World Views Guides | 2014

Dover-Foxcroft is a town in Piscataquis County, Maine, United States, and the county’s largest town and county seat. The population was 4,213 at the 2010 census.

Joseph E. Foxcroft of New Gloucester and settled by John, Eleazer and Seth Spaulding in 1806, when they built the first mill. It was dubbed Spauldingtown until February 29, 1812, when it was incorporated 1. History as Foxcroft, taking its It was originally two proprietor’s name. towns, Dover and The Piscataquis River Foxcroft, separated by the offered water power sites Piscataquis River (Dover is for mills. In 1859, when on the south side, Foxcroft the population was about on the north). 2,500, industries included Dover was purchased from Massachusetts by Boston merchants Charles Vaughan and John Merrick, both of whom had emigrated from England. It was first permanently settled in 1803 by Eli Towne from Temple, New Hampshire, then incorporated on January 19, 1822. Agriculture was the principal early occupation, producing potatoes, corn and grain. Originally known as T5 R7 NWP, Foxcroft was one of five towns conveyed by Massachusetts in 1796 to Bowdoin College. It was purchased from the college in 1800 by World Views Guides

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towns merged into a single town. 2. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 71.18 square miles (184.36 km2), of which, 67.81 square miles (175.63 km2) of it is land and 3.37 square miles (8.73 km2) is water. Dover-Foxcroft is drained by the Piscataquis River.

The town is crossed by four sawmills, shingle and state routes 6, 7, 15, 16 and clapboard manufacturers, 153; and is the commercial one gristmill, two tanneries, center of the county. two carriage makers, and a woolen factory. 1. Climate By 1859, when the This climatic region is population was 1,045, typified by large seasonal industries included two temperature differences, sawmills, one shingle mill, with warm to hot (and one carding machine, one often humid) summers and carriage builder, one chair cold (sometimes severely manufacturer, one tannery, cold) winters. According one fork maker, two pail to the Köppen Climate makers, one machinist, Classification system, and a sash, door and blind Dover-Foxcroft has a factory. In 1866 the Hughes humid continental climate, & Son Piano Mfg. Co. was abbreviated “Dfb” on established and ran until climate maps. closed in 1921. (source: Pierce Piano Atlas 11th ed. ISBN 0-911138-04-8) On March 1, 1922, the two

Demographics

14.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of 1. 2010 census age or older. The average As of the census of 2010, household size was 2.27 there were 4,213 people, and the average family size was 2.79. 1,773 households, and 1,120 families residing in The median age in the the town. The population town was 45 years. 21.5% density was 62.1 of residents were under inhabitants per square mile the age of 18; 6.4% were (24.0 /km2). There were between the ages of 18 2,459 housing units at an and 24; 22.1% were from average density of 36.3 per 25 to 44; 29.8% were from square mile (14.0 /km2). 45 to 64; and 20.2% were The racial makeup of the 65 years of age or older. town was 95.1% White, The gender makeup of the 0.2% African American, town was 48.1% male and 0.6% Native American, 51.9% female. 2.3% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 1.5% from 2. 2000 census two or more races. Hispanic As of the census of 2000, or Latino of any race were there were 4,211 people, 1.4% of the population. 1,658 households, and There were 1,773 households of which 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.8% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.8% were non-families. 30.6% of all households were made up of individuals and

1,152 families residing in the town. The population density was 61.7 people per square mile (23.8/ kmÂ˛). There were 2,200 housing units at an average density of 32.2 per square mile (12.4/kmÂ˛). The racial makeup of the town was 96.91% Caucasian, 0.21% Black or African American, 0.52% Native American, 0.52% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander,

0.19% from other races and 1.61% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.95% of the population. There were 1,658 households out of which 32.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.6% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.5% were non-families. 25.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.91. In the town the population was spread out with 36.9% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 93.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.6 males. World Views Guides | 2014

The median income for a household in the town was $30,164, and the median income for a family was $36,287. Males had a median income of $30,000 versus $20,613 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,544. About 13.6% of families and 15.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.3% of those under age 18 and 8.8% of those age 65 or over. 4. Education Dover-Foxcroft is a part of Regional School Unit 68 (RSU68). RSU 68 provides primary schooling for the town and several surrounding communities at three schools in Dover-Foxcroft: SeDoMoCha Elementary School provides for preK4th grades and SeDoMoCha Middle School (named for four of the communities that attend: Sebec, DoverFoxcroft, Monson and Charleston) provides for grades 5-8. Foxcroft Academy is a private secondary school World Views Guides

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that accepts all students temperance worker from MSAD68 as well • Amasa Tracy, as others from across the military officer state. They also have an • Dave Schwep, international program and Director / Photographer have 2 dormitories and • James Arnold, study several boarding houses abroad advisor at CIEE in town. The Academy is governed independently by a board of trustees and is among the oldest private schools in the state. 5.

Notable people

• Corey Beaulieu, guitarist for metal band Trivium • Clarence Blethen, baseball pitcher • Alfred Eliab Buck, US congressman from Alabama • Stephen Decatur Carpenter, military officer • Lisa Rowe Fraustino, children’s author • Frank E. Guernsey, US congressman • Henry Otis Pratt, minister, US congressman from Iowa • Nathaniel S. Robinson, Wisconsin legislator and physician • Douglas Smith, state legislator • Lillian M. N. Stevens,

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World Views Guides | 2014