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Toledo Bend Reservoir is a reservoir on the Sabine River between Texas and Louisiana. The lake has an area of 185,000 acres (749 km²), the largest manmade body of water in (or partially in) Texas, the largest in the South, and the fifth largest (surface acre) in the United States. The dam is capable of generating 92 megawatts of electrical power. The dam itself is located in the northeast corner of Newton County, Texas; however, that county includes very little of the reservoir, as most of it extends northward into parts of Sabine and DeSoto parishes in Louisiana, and Sabine, Shelby, and Panola counties in Texas. 1. H i s t o r i c a l development The land along the Orange area often flooded from the Sabine, with destructive effects. Also, the considerations for municipal, industrial, agricultural, and recreational purposes were part of the reasons the Texas State Legislature World Views Guides
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formed the Sabine River Authority of Texas in 1949, and in 1950 the Louisiana State Legislature created the Sabine River Authority, State of Louisiana for the project. With both authorities in agreement, in 1955 a feasibility report was initiated and by 1959, the two states allocated 30 million dollars for the project. The land was acquired in 1963, with the work following the subsequent year. The Massman-Johnson Construction Company served as the general contractor, and by the completion of the project in 1969, Texas’ estimated share of the funds was $70 million. The dam was built by the two states, without any assistance from the federal government. Louisiana Director of Public Works Claude Kirkpatrick, who was also president of the Sabine River Authority of Louisiana at the time, pushed for the joint agreement with Texas, in the absence of federal
funds, to make the project a reality. The Toledo Bend legislative bill was successfully pushed despite numerous obstacles by freshman Representative Cliff Ammons of Many, the seat of Sabine Parish. Funding came from Constitutional Amendment 8, which tapped previous funds for Civil War pensions into the specific reservoir project. Though Ammons became known as “the father of Toledo Bend,” voters defeated him in the 1964 state legislative election. 2. History Beginning in May 1963, land acquisitions for Toledo Bend Reservoir started as a joint management project of Texas and Louisiana River Authorities. Construction on the Toledo Bend Dam, spillway, and power plant, began on May 11, 1964. The closure section of the earthen embankment and impoundment of water was begun in October 1966. The power plant was completed and began operating in the early part of 1969.
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The Toledo Bend Project was constructed primarily for the purposes of water supply, hydroelectric power generation, and recreation.
1,200 miles (1,900 km) of shoreline, offers an almost unlimited opportunity for recreational development and is a major element in serving the growing demand for water oriented outdoor recreation. Both private and public facilities are available for swimming, boating, picnicking, fishing, camping, hunting and sightseeing. The reservoir is a popular location for freshwater fishing with many clubs hosting tournaments.
Toledo Bend Reservoir forms a portion of the boundary between the states of Texas and Louisiana. From the dam site, which is north of Burkeville, TX, the reservoir extends up the river for about 65 miles (105 km) to Logansport, LA, and inundates land in Sabine, Shelby, Panola and Newton Counties, Texas, At present, the lake is best and Sabine and DeSoto suited to shallow draft Parishes, Louisiana. power boats due to a large The water, normally number of trees and stumps covering an area of about that are still in the body of 200,000 acres (800 km2) the lake. Although there has a controlled storage are numerous well marked capacity of 4,477,000 acre boat lanes that have been cleared of stumps and trees, feet (5.52 km3). one should use caution Toledo Bend is the even on the boat lanes; nation’s only public one should use extreme water conservation and caution when off the boat hydroelectric power project lanes and maintain a watch to be undertaken without for stumps and/or trees as federal participation in its well as floating logs. permanent financing. 3. Public recreation
State Park is one of two Louisiana State Parks located on the shores of Toledo Bend Reservoir. The park, which is over 900 acres (3.6 km2) in size, is located west of the town of Zwolle, Louisiana at the end of La. Hwy. 3229. Activities Like most Louisiana state parks, entrance fees are $1 per person. Boating is especially popular on Toledo Bend and guests often use a boat launch where paddleboats or canoes may be rented to fish in the nationally acclaimed reservoir. Fisherman may use a fish cleaning station on site. There are 10 cabins and 67 campsites on the Park grounds for campers. Hikers is promoted at the park via two trails. Trail A is 1.5 miles (2.4 km) and Trail B is 4 miles (6.4 km).
The park’s visitor center complex contains a large meeting room which can be reserved for group functions and an Olympic1. North Toledo Bend size swimming pool. State Park
Toledo Bend, with its North
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State Park South Toledo Bend State Park is one of two Louisiana State Parks located on the shores of Toledo Bend Reservoir. The land for the park was acquired in 1979 but it was not opened to the public with facilities until November 20, 2004. The park, located at 120 Bald Eagle Road, in Anacoco, LA, quickly became popular due to its recreation potential. Activities Visitors to the park can enjoy activities such as hiking, cycling, birding, camping, and wildlife watching. The park is 1,000 acres (4 km2) in size, which gives visitors ample room to roam and hike. There is a 3,000 ft (900 m) surfaced nature trail which leads from the visitor’s center museum and the Hippie Point Hiking Trail, 1.5 miles (2 km) long. For those who want to stay overnight, the park provides 19 cabins, all located near the lake shoreline, and 60 campsites. Canoes may be rented and several park roads may be World Views Guides
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used for cycling. There is a beach area for swimming. The impressive visitor’s center museum was opened on July 21, 2005. It contains nature-based exhibits and dioramas designed to increase awareness of indigenous species and their role in the environment. The park is a nesting ground for the bald eagle which feeds on the freshwater fish. Fisherman may also catch the fish in the reservoir, including largemouth bass, catfish, bream, and white perch. There is a two-lane boat ramp in the park. 3. Sabine Parish, Louisiana Sabine Parish (French: Paroisse de la Sabine) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 24,233. The seat of the parish is Many. Sabine was one of five parishes created in as many weeks by the Louisiana State Legislature March 7, 1843. It was created
from Natchitoches Parish with the Sabine River as the international boundary between the United States and the Republic of Texas as the western boundary. 1. History 1.
The Neutral Strip
The area, inhabited first by the Adais (Brushwood) Indians of the Caddo Confederacy, was first under Spanish rule, then French, English, Spanish again, and French when Napoleon sold it to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. Boundary disputes followed the purchase. The United States claimed the Sabine River as the border and Spain claimed a line farther east in Louisiana along Arroyo Hondo, a tributary of the Red River. The Neutral Ground Treaty was affected in 1806, declaring the area “Sabine Free State,” a demilitarized zone, which became the neutral strip for outlaws, desperadoes, criminals and filibusters.
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The strip extended, roughly, from Sabine River east to the Calcasieu River, Bayous Kisatchie and Don Manuel, Lac Terre Noir and the Arroyo Hondo. Both nations claimed ownership but neither exercised control. English speaking settlers from the older eastern states began moving into the section during the westward expansion years before the boundary was established. They settled on Spanish grants known as Rio Hondo claims. One of the earliest settlers was Thomas Arthur, who filed a claim for 640 acres (2.6 km2) on Negreet Creek. In 1819, Spain abandoned all claims to land east of the Sabine River and the United States moved in to establish law and order. Great caravans of home seekers marched over the old highways and many of them settled in presentday Sabine Parish. In the years that followed, small settlements began to make their appearances throughout the parish. Possibly the earliest
of these was Negreet, founded in 1822, in the southern part of the parish where Christopher Anthony located on Bayou Negreet. Other settlements were Toro, in the extreme south, 1827, and Noble, in the north portion, dating back to the 1830s. Fort Jesup was founded in 1822 by Lieutenant Colonel Zachary Taylor who later became the 12th President of the United States. Taylor’s troops managed to establish law and order in this Neutral Ground. Fort Jesup has served as a vital part of Sabine Parish over the years and can be enjoyed by visitors today. It was an important frontier post until the annexation of Texas in 1845 and the focal point of the American expansionist movement. The two main highways of the southwest traversed the Neutral Strip and ran about four miles (6 km) apart in the vicinity of Many. The San Antonio Trace and El Camino Real extended from Natchitoches Parish westward directly across Sabine Parish into East
Texas. Since El Camino Real was older and better known, a number of farmers and villages settled along it. Philip Nolan’s Trace crossed the Red River above Alexandria and ran through the Kisatchie country to join El Camino Real near the Sabine River crossing. 2.
Establishment Sabine Parish
of
The parish was created at a time when America had entered upon a new era of progress. A government survey in 1831 laid out the Sabine area in townships and sections and this, together with the clearing of the Red River “raft” by Henry Miller Shreve, in 1838, opened the Red River to steamboat traffic and gave impetus to the colonization of the area. Steamboats began running on the Sabine River in 1830, and by 1850 heavy traffic was carried on the Sabine. Popular landing points were Columbus, East Pendleton and Carter’s Ferry. About three miles (5 km) south World Views Guides |
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of Pendleton was the large and flourishing river port of Sabine Town. The influx of settlers reached its zenith just prior to the War Between the States. Sabine Parish was one of the five parishes created in as many weeks by the state legislature in 1843 during the administration of Governor Alexander Mouton. The parish was created from Natchitoches Parish on March 7, 1843. Since Texas was an independent republic, the Sabine River constituted an international border. Less than one month later the parish was given several additional townships when legislators defined lines of its northern neighbor, DeSoto Parish. One half township from Natchitoches, originally intended to be part of Sabine was added in 1854. In 1871, a considerable portion of the southern half of Sabine Parish was removed with the establishment of Vernon Parish. Since then the parish boundaries have remained unchanged.
Act 46 creating the parish specified that the seat of government should be named Many in honor of Col. John B. Many, commandant at Fort Jesup, then the most important settlement in the parish. Many was on the Natchitoches San Antonio Road, or El Camino Real, which carried traffic into Texas. On May 17, 1843, Judge W. R. D. Speight, who was parish judge, I. W. Eason, Samuel S. Eason and G. W. Thompson purchased and gave to Sabine Parish 40 acres (160,000 m2) of land. Immediately some thirty citizens petitioned the police jury to lay out the town on the land, sell lots and make arrangements for the erection of public buildings. The police jury planned a courthouse and jail, raising the construction money with the sale of the lots. The first house was erected by John Baldwin, who operated a store and used his home as a tavern. He was also the first postmaster of Many. The first settler was
Williams Mains, who came to the area in 1830. The first cotton gin was built in the early 1850s, and the first census showed Sabine had a population of 3,347 whites and 1,168 slaves. 3.
Battle of Pleasant Hill
During the American Civil War, Sabine Parish provided considerable support for units formed in the parish. Historian John D. Winters in The Civil War in Louisiana (1963), describes Sabine as “a poor piney-hill parish met earlier obligations to her men by voting funds for the Sabine Rifles, Sabine Rebels, Sabine Volunteers, and Jordan’s Company, and sent $500 to another company already departed for the front. Sabine Parish was the scene of the last major engagement in Louisiana, which was fought April 9, 1864, at old Pleasant Hill and along the SabineDeSoto Parish line. The battle took place the following day after the Confederate victory at World Views Guides |
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Mansfield. The action forced the withdrawal of Federal troops along the Shreveport-Natchitoches road, which cut across the northeast section of the parish. These clashes were regarded as vitally important. Although, they did not affect the ultimate outcome of the war, they frustrated the attempt by Union forces to capture Shreveport and split Texas from the rest of the Confederacy. Among the Confederate officers from Sabine Parish was Christopher Columbus Nash, who was a prisoner of war at Johnson’s Island in Ohio. Nash later, as the sheriff of Grant Parish, crushed the Colfax Riot of 1873 and established the first chapter of the White League in 1874. 4.
Railroads
was to a town, Pleasant Hill moved itself out of DeSoto Parish to the railroad which was two miles (3 km) away in Sabine Parish. The construction of the Kansas City Southern Railroad through the parish in 1896 led to the founding of the towns of Converse, Zwolle, Fisher and Florien. The area was mainly agriculture until the railroads brought lumbermen, who set up sawmills to convert the trees that blanketed the state into lumber to satisfy a worldwide demand for longleaf virgin pine. Three decades later the forest acres were barren and a great many sawmills, including Gandy and Peason moved out. Reforestation was innovated in the early 1940s and pulp and paper mills bought the thinnings. The payoff was the development of Southern Pine plywood and the opening of Vancouver Plywood, Inc., the first plywood mill in the state, in Florien.
Following the war the steamboat gave way to the railroad. The TexasPacific was completed in 1882 between Shreveport and New Orleans realizing Reforestation lagniappe how important a railroad was the creation of Hodges World Views Guides
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Gardens in the 1950s, which opened a brand new industry. That was tourism, which was augmented with the completion of Toledo Bend Reservoir in 1968. 5. WWII and Louisiana Maneuvers The largest military maneuvers ever held in the United States were staged in and around Sabine Parish in May 1940. These army maneuvers in the Sabine River area brought the possibility of war very close as 40,000 officers and men of the Blue Army defended the Sabine River from 30,000 invading Red troops. Soldiers from thirty-three states took part in the games, which covered 10,000 square miles (26,000 km2) of cut over pinelands, hills, rivers, and valleys between Alexandria and Nacogdoches, Texas. Commanders and their staffs passing through the area comprised a virtual “who’s who” in the military. These included Lieutenant General Ben Lear, Colonel Dwight D.
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Eisenhower, Lieutenant court swiftly ruled against General Walter Krueger, the school board. Brigadier General George 2. Geography S. Patton, Jr., and Major J. L. Benedict. According to the U.S. Following the discovery of Census Bureau, the parish oil in 1928, crude oil and has a total area of 1,012 natural gas joined timber as square miles (2,620 km2), leading natural resources of which 867 square miles until about 1934 when (2,250 km2) is land and 145 oil experienced a natural square miles (380 km2) (14%) is water. decline. Oil was not a major economic factor again until Sabine Parish is the new reserves were brought home of the popular in near Many in the 1950s. Hodges Gardens, Park Its 1,008 square miles and Wilderness Area near (2,610 km2) contains some Many. Built privately in of the finest timber in the the 1950s, the gardens world. In addition, Sabine will come under the Parish is rich in other management of the State natural resources. of Louisiana in 2007. The naturalist Caroline 6. Recent events Dormon helped to lay out In January 2014, the the park. ACLU filed suit against Toledo Bend Reservoir the Sabine Parish School was constructed in the Board, Superintendent middle 1960s to provide Sara Ebarb, Principal Gene power and recreation to the Wright and teacher Rita Louisiana/Texas border at Roark of Negreet High the Sabine River. School, alleging officials at one of its schools harassed 1. Major highways a sixth-grader because • U.S. Highway 171 of his Buddhist faith and • Louisiana Highway that the district routinely 6 pushes Christian beliefs • Louisiana Highway upon their students The
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118 Louisiana Highway 174
2.
Adjacent parishes and counties
•
De
• • • • •
Soto Parish (north) Natchitoches Parish (east) Vernon Parish (southeast) Newton County, Texas (southwest) Sabine County, Texas (west) Shelby County, Texas (northwest)
Sabine Parish in Louisiana and Sabine County in Texas are two of twentytwo counties or parishes in the United States with the same name to border each other across state lines. The others are Big Horn County, Montana and Big Horn County, Wyoming, Union County, Arkansas and Union Parish, Louisiana, Bristol County, Massachusetts and Bristol County, Rhode Island, Kent County, Maryland and Kent County, Delaware, Escambia County, Alabama and Escambia County, World Views Guides |
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Florida, Pike County, Illinois and Pike County, Missouri, Teton County, Idaho and Teton County, Wyoming, Park County, Montana and Park County, Wyoming, San Juan County, New Mexico and San Juan County, Utah, and Vermilion County, Illinois and Vermillion County, Indiana. respectively. (Note, despite the different spellings, the source of the name is the same for Vermilion County, Illinois and Vermillion County, Indiana—the Vermillion River which flows through both counties.) 3. Demographics Historical population Census Pop. %± 1850 4,515 — 1860 5,828 29.1% 1870 6,456 10.8% 1880 7,344 13.8% 1890 9,390 27.9% 1900 15,421 64.2% 1910 19,874 28.9% 1920 20,713 4.2% 1930 24,110 16.4% 1940 23,586 −2.2% 1950 20,880 −11.5% 1960 18,564 −11.1% 1970 18,638 0.4% 1980 25,280 35.6% 1990 22,646 −10.4% 2000 23,459 3.6% 2010 24,233 3.3% Est. 2013 24,235 0.0%
the parish. 70.8% were White, 16.6% Black or African American, 8.6% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.4% of some other race and 3.4% of two or more races. 3.4% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race).
a female householder with no husband present, and 28.50% were nonfamilies. 26.00% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average As of the census of 2000, household size was 2.50 there were 23,459 people, and the average family size was 3.00. 9,221 households, and 6,593 families residing in In the parish the population the parish. The population was spread out with density was 27 people 26.20% under the age of per square mile (10/km²). 18, 8.30% from 18 to 24, There were 13,671 housing 24.50% from 25 to 44, units at an average density 24.40% from 45 to 64, of 16 per square mile (6/ and 16.50% who were 65 km²). The racial makeup years of age or older. The of the parish was 72.67% median age was 38 years. White, 16.87% Black or For every 100 females African American, 7.79% there were 95.70 males. Native American, 0.15% For every 100 females age Asian, 0.02% Pacific 18 and over, there were Islander, 0.32% from other 92.60 males. races, and 2.18% from two The median income for or more races. 2.74% of the a household in the parish population were Hispanic was $26,655, and the or Latino of any race. median income for a
There were 9,221 households out of which 31.40% had children under the age of 18 living As of the 2010 United with them, 55.70% were States Census, there were married couples living 24,233 people residing in together, 12.00% had World Views Guides
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family was $32,470. Males had a median income of $29,726 versus $18,514 for females. The per capita income for the parish was $15,199. About 16.30% of families and 21.50% of
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the population were below the poverty line, including 29.00% of those under age 18 and 17.50% of those age 65 or over. 4. Education Public schools in Sabine Parish are operated by the Sabine Parish School Board. 5. Communities 1. •
Towns
Many (parish seat) • Zwolle 2.
Villages
• Converse • Fisher • Florien • Noble • Pleasant Hill 3.
Unincorporated communities • Ebarb • Negreet 6. Notable people
• Cliff Ammons Former state representative known as “the father of Toledo Bend Reservoir and Lake” World Views Guides
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• Frank Estes Cole Former Many High School football coach who served in both houses of the state legislature • C h r i s t o p h e r Columbus Nash - Sabine Parish native who directed the white militia against the Colfax Riot in 1873 and formed the White League in 1874 • National Register of Historic Places listings in Sabine Parish, Louisiana • John Horton Slaughter, known as Texas John Slaughter, legendary western lawman and Texas Ranger, who spent his later years in Arizona, was born in Sabine Parish in 1841. He was the focus of a 1958-1961 Walt Disney miniseries, Texas John Slaughter, with Tom Tryon in the title role. • Jane H. Smith Sabine Parish native and retired educator and school superintendent who formerly served in the Louisiana House of Representatives from Bossier City
4. Many, Louisiana Many is a town in and the parish seat of Sabine Parish in western Louisiana, United States. The population was 2,706 at the 2010 census, a decrease of 183 or 6 percent from 2000. 1. History On March 21, 1843, the Louisiana Legislature under the administration of Governor Alexandre Mouton passed Act 46, which carved up the large Natchitoches Parish and created the new parishes of Sabine, DeSoto, and Bossier. Act 46 specified that the seat of government for the newly created Sabine Parish would be named Many, in honor of Colonel James B. Many, one of the most popular and colorful officers serving at nearby Fort Jesup. Colonel Many became commander at Jesup in 1823. There, he served as a genial host for many cotillions, band concerts, parties and gatherings which glamorized the
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social life of the post where civilians were always welcome. Legislative Act 46 further empowered the governor to appoint a sheriff and a parish judge for Sabine. The judge would be assigned to create 5-7 wards and to authorize an election for the selection of an equivalent number of police jurors. The act also specified that the parish judge would then call a meeting of the newly elected members of the jury for the “purpose of locating a seat of justice and causing to be erected the necessary public buildings.” The act specifically stated that the parish seat would have to be located within three miles (5 km) of the center of the parish.
the new parish seat would be located. As the first and still only permanent settlement in Sabine Parish, and the only place resembling a town, Fort Jesup seemed to be the likely candidate to become the parish seat. But because it was a federal military reservation and lacked a few miles from being centrally located in the parish, officials were forced to look for a different site for the parish seat. The area that today is downtown Many was next targeted as the parish seat of government. The focus on the area was likely due to the popularity of a country tavern, inn and store that went by the name of Baldwin. Baldwin’s tavern and Baldwin’s Store were located along the El Camino Real at a point where some minor roads intersected. The store and tavern had become a popular stopping place for the many travelers of the El Camino Real.
William R. D. Speight was named as the parish judge, and he created seven wards. Elected to the police jury were T. Arthur, B. R. Biles, W. Estes, Robert B. Stille, J. R. Smart, A. Savell and S. S. Eason. As instructed by the legislature, the new governing authority of the parish now had to Once the area where the determine exactly where Town of Many would be
situated was determined, the parish government needed land on which to locate the town. Four prominent citizens of the area stepped in to make that determination simple. William R. D. Spieght (parish judge), I. K. Eason, G. W. Thompson and Samuel S. Eason donated to the police jury 40 acres (160,000 m2) on which to locate the town. Although some buildings were being constructed, it was not until donation of property (located around Baldwin’s Store) that the town officially had land of its own. The land was described in an 1890 account as being adjacent to Peter Buvens land, “beginning at the fork of the road east of Hosea Presley’s house and along the Speight Road.” After the land donation, some 30 citizens petitioned the Police Jury to lay out the town on the new parish land, sell lots and make arrangements for the construction of public buildings, particularly a courthouse. In a December World Views Guides |
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1844 plat of the town by surveyor G. W. Thompson, the town is shown as having a public square and eight streets. The Town of Many was incorporated on March 3, 1853. (The town was reincorporated in 1877) A town jail was built in 1859, but the parish courthouse would come much later, in 1880. The parish police jury appointed five commissioners to govern the town. They were John Baldwin, Alexander Byles, M. Fulchrod, Henry Earls and John Waterhouse. The commissioners’ first order of business was to open for sale the lots in town. On December 31, 1844, Robert Partott and William Edmunson purchased the first lots in town, at a cost of $39.50 each. Purchasing land in the town soon after were J. B. Stoddard, P. H. Dillon, William Taylor, S. S. Eason, and John Baldwin. They were followed by L. Stevenson, L. M. Rogers, B. K. Ford, C. Chaplin, T. McCarty, Tabitha Baldwin, J. S. Elam and G. E. Ward. In 1847, another important World Views Guides
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transfer of lots was made. For $20, lots were deeded for the construction of a Masonic Society Hall and a Methodist church. The transaction was between John Baldwin, Robert Stille and G. E. Ward, (commissioners of the Town of Many); John Caldwell, John D. Tucker and Robert A. Gay, (of the Masonic Society); and Abraham Roberts, William D. Stephens, Robert D. Wright, William Mains and Dr. Henry McCollen, (trustees of the Methodist Church). The two groups constructed a two-story building, and the upper floor was used for Hamill Lodge, while the lower floor for Methodist services. In 1852, lots on which to build a church were donated by Daniel R. Gandy to Anthony McGee and Noah Martin, trustees of the Baptist denomination. Among other lot owners in the original town, up to 1869, were Eli Self, J. F. Smith, K. G. McLemore, Wiley Weeks, G. C. DeBerry, James Garner, Joe Hobbs, William Cook,
G. G. Garner, B. Campbell, Littleton Cook, George Densmore, Louis Levison, Louis Vanshoebrook, John Waterhouse, G. W. Gibson, Isaac Rains, G. E. Jackson, J. B. Stoddard, Dr. E. Thigpen, James Brown, Abe Harris and J. B. Vandegaer. Although the parish police jury had planned to build a courthouse in which public offices would be located with money from the sale of lots in the new town, a courthouse was not constructed in Sabine Parish until almost 40 years after the parish was created. That left Baldwin’s Store to continue initially housing many of the parish’s public offices and later, the Methodist and Baptist churches would be used for parish offices. The first sessions of court in Sabine were held in the Methodist Church, and the Clerk of Court’s office was later located in the Baptist building. Construction on the first Sabine Parish courthouse was completed in 1880, at a cost of $11,000. The
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first census for the Town of Many, taken in 1880 by Leo Vandegaer, revealed a population of 147 citizens (The first census taken for Sabine Parish was in 1850, and showed a population of 3,347 whites and 1,168 slaves.)
translated in Spanish as Royal Highway or King’s Highway. The term El Camino Real referred to all main government roads in both Spain and Spanish America during the colonial period, so there is more than one El Camino
A sense of history in Many ever-present, in that the Louisiana-Texas east-west transportation corridor of years-gone-by, mirrors a picture of activity that passed through Sabine country long before the Town of Many was settled. Later the corridor became known as El Camino Real,
Real in Spain and Spanish Climate Classification America. system, Many has a humid subtropical climate, 2. Geography abbreviated “Cfa” on Many is located at climate maps 31°34′4″N 93°28′40″W 3. Demographics (31.567769, -93.477721). According to the United 923.4 people per square States Census Bureau, the mile (356.4/km²). There town has a total area of 3.1 were 1,272 housing units square miles (8.0 km2), all at an average density of
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of it land. 1. Climate Climate is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. According to the Köppen
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406.5 per square mile (156.9/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 48.18% White, 47.42% African American, 1.70% Native American, 0.48% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.28% from other races, and 1.90% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.70% of the population.
median age was 36 years. 9-12). For every 100 females Many also has a Sabine there were 82.4 males. For Valley Vocationalevery 100 females age 18 Technical School. and over, there were 76.3 males. 6. Notable people The median income for • Cliff Ammons, a household in the town former Louisiana state was $20,000, and the representative and the median income for a “father of Toledo Bend family was $24,329. Males Reservoir”, was on the had a median income of faculty of Many High $28,500 versus $15,870 School from 1948-1967. for females. The per capita • Frank Estes Cole, income for the town was former football coach at $12,153. About 28.4% of Many High School who families and 35.5% of the served in both houses population were below of the Louisiana State the poverty line, including Legislature between 1944 46.7% of those under age and 1960 18 and 26.3% of those age • Charlie Joiner, former 65 or over. National Football League wide receiver and member 4. Culture • Hodges Gardens, Park of the Pro Football Hall of Fame, was born in Many. and Wilderness Area
There were 1,073 households out of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.6% were married couples living together, 23.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.3% were non-families. 34.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 5. Education and the average family size Public schools in Sabine was 3.14. Parish are operated by In the town the population the Sabine Parish School was spread out with 26.5% Board. The town of Many is under the age of 18, 10.8% zoned to Many Elementary from 18 to 24, 23.7% from School (Grades PK-3), 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to Many Junior High School 64, and 18.0% who were 65 (Grades 4-8), and Many years of age or older. The High School (Grades
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