A Brief Word From The Editor
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1. Yuma County, territory was defined as Arizona being west of longitude Yuma County is a 113° 20’ and south of county located in the the Bill Williams River. southwestern corner Its original boundaries of the U.S. state of remained the same Arizona. As of the 2010 until 1982, when La census, its population Paz County was created was 195,751. The from its northern half. county seat is Yuma. The original county seat was the city of La Paz Yuma County until 1871 when it was comprises the Yuma, AZ moved to Arizona City, Metropolitan Statistical later renamed Yuma in Area. 1873. The county’s southwestern Colorado 2. Geography River border forms a 4-state division between According to the U.S. southeast California Census Bureau, the and southwest Arizona, county has a total area and northeast Baja of 5,519 square miles California state, Mexico (14,290 km2), of which with northwest Sonora 5,514 square miles state. (14,280 km2) is land and 5.1 square miles 1. History (13 km2) (0.09%) is Yuma County was the water. The lowest point one of four original in the state of Arizona is Arizona Counties located on the Colorado created by the 1st River in San Luis in Arizona Territorial Yuma County, where it Legislature. The county flows out of Arizona and World Views Guides
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into Sonora in Mexico. Because of its location along the U.S.-Mexico border, large numbers of illegal aliens entering the United States illegally pass through Yuma county. From October to July 2005, some 124,400 illegal foreign nationals were apprehended in the area, a 46% increase on the previous year (Economist, August 27, 2005). Yuma County is in the west, and northwestern regions of the northsouth Sonoran Desert that extends through Sonora state Mexico to the border of northern Sinaloa state. West of the county across the Colorado River in southeast California is the Colorado Desert, (a northwestern subregion of the Sonoran Desert). North of the county, with La Paz County the regions merge into the
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southeastern Mojave Desert. Southwest of Yuma County, is the entirety of Northwest Mexico, at the north shoreline of the Sea of Cortez, and the outlet of the Colorado River into the Colorado River Delta region, now altered with lack of freshwater inputs. Notable mountains in Yuma County include the Gila Mountains and the Tule Mountains.
California, Mexico west • San Luis Rio Colorado, Sonora, Mexico - south • Puerto Peñasco, Sonora, Mexico - south • Plutarco Elías Calles, Sonora, Mexico - south • Imperial County, California- west • Riverside County, Californiawest/ northwest • San Bernardino County, California1. Adjacent counties northwest and municipalities • La Paz County, 2. N a t i o n a l protected areas Arizona- north Maricopa County, Arizona- northeast • Pima County, Arizona- east • M u n i c i p a l i t y of Mexicali, Baja •
Wildlife Refuge (part) 3. Government
Of the several departments and services of Yuma County government, the Board of Supervisors is the governing body of the county and a number of special districts. The Board adopts ordinances, establishes programs, levies taxes, appropriates funds, appoints certain officials, and zones property and regulates development in the unincorporated area. In addition, members of • Cabeza Prieta the Board represent the National Wildlife County on numerous Refuge (part) intergovernmental • Imperial National agencies. Wildlife Refuge (part) • Kofa National
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4. Demographics Historical population Census Pop. %± 1870 1,621 — 1880 3,215 98.3% 1890 2,671 −16.9% 1900 4,145 55.2% 1910 7,733 86.6% 1920 14,904 92.7% 1930 17,816 19.5% 1940 19,326 8.5% 1950 28,006 44.9% 1960 46,235 65.1% 1970 60,827 31.6% 1980 90,554 48.9% 1990 106,895 18.0% 2000 160,026 49.7% 2010 195,751 22.3% Est. 2013 201,201 2.8% U.S. Decennial Census 1790-1960 1900-1990 1990-2000 2010-2013
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 195,751 people residing in the county. 70.4% were White, 2.0% Black or African American, 1.6% Native American, 1.2% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 20.8% of some other race and 3.8% of two or more races. 59.7% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race). As of the 2000 census, there were 160,026 people, 53,848 households, and 41,678 families residing in the county. The population
density was 29 people per square mile (11/ km²). There were 74,140 housing units at an average density of 13 per square mile (5/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 68.3% White, 2.2% Black or African American, 1.6% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 23.6% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. 50.5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 43.7% reported speaking Spanish at home .
There were 53,848 households out of which 36.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.3% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.6% were nonfamilies. 18.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.86 and the average family size was World Views Guides | June 2014
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3.27.
100 females age 18 and was $14,802. About In the county the over, there were 101.10 15.5% of families and males. 19.2% of the population population was spread out with 28.9% under the The median income for a were below the poverty age of 18, 10.0% from household in the county line, including 27.9% of 18 to 24, 25.6% from was $32,182, and the those under age 18 and 25 to 44, 18.9% from 45 median income for a 8.7% of those age 65 or over. to 64, and 16.5% who family was $34,659. were 65 years of age or Males had a median older. The median age income of $27,390
was 34 years. For every versus $22,276 for 100 females there were females. The per capita 102.00 males. For every income for the county World Views Guides
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5. Communities
1. • •
Cities San Luis Somerton
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Metropolitan Statistical Area, which consists 2. Town of Yuma County. According to the United • Wellton States Census Bureau, 3. C e n s u s - the 2013 estimated designated places population of the Yuma • Fortuna Foothills MSA is 201,201, though more than 85,000 • Gadsden retirees make Yuma • Tacna their winter residence. 4. O t h e r 1. History communities The area’s first • Dateland settlers were Native • Hyder American tribes whose • Mohawk descendants now • Roll occupy the Cocopah and Quechan reservations. 2. Yuma, Arizona Yuma (Cocopah: In 1540, expeditions Yuum) is a city in and under Hernando de the county seat of Yuma Alarcon and Melchior County, Arizona, United Diaz visited the area States. It is located in and immediately saw the southwestern corner the natural crossing of of the state, and the the Colorado River as population of the city an ideal spot for a city, was 93,064 at the 2010 as the Colorado River census, up from the narrows to slightly 2000 census population under 1,000 feet wide in one small point. Later of 77,515. military expeditions Yuma is the principal that crossed the city of the Yuma, AZ •
Yuma
Colorado River at the Yuma Crossing include Juan Bautista de Anza (1774), the Mormon Battalion (1848) and the California Column (1862). Following the establishment of Fort Yuma, a town sprang up on the New Mexico Territory (now Arizona) side of the Colorado. The townsite was duly registered in San Diego, demonstrating that both banks of the Colorado River just below its confluence with the Gila were recognized as being within the jurisdiction of California. The county of San Diego collected taxes from there for many years. The town, initially called Colorado City, was renamed Arizona City in 1858. The city was almost completely destroyed by the Great Flood of 1862 and had World Views Guides | June 2014
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to be rebuilt on higher and equipment for ground. It took the name the various mines Yuma in 1873. and military outposts From the 1850s to along the Colorado the 1870s, the Yuma and was the terminus Crossing was known of wagon traffic up the for its ferry crossing. Gila River into New From 1852 it was the Mexico Territory. They major steamboat stop offloaded the cargo on the way up and from ships at the mouth down the Colorado of the Colorado River at River. The steamboats Robinson’s Landing and transported passengers from 1864 at Port Isabel.
From 1864, the Yuma Quartermaster Depot, today a state historic park, supplied all forts in present-day Arizona, as well as large parts of Colorado and New Mexico. Yuma served as the gateway to the new Republic (later State) of California, as it was one of the few natural spots where travelers could
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cross the otherwise very wide Colorado River. After Arizona became a separate territory, Yuma became the county seat for the area in 1864. The Southern Pacific Railroad bridged the river in 1877, and acquired George Alonzo Johnson’s Colorado Steam Navigation Company, the only steamboat company on the river. Yuma became the head of navigation on the river, ending the need for Port Isabel, which was abandoned in 1879. 2. Geography Yuma is located at 32°41′32″N 11 4 ° 3 6 ′ 5 5 ″ W ( 3 2 . 6 9 2 1 4 8 , −114.615389), near the borders of California to the west and Mexico to the south, and just west of the Gila River’s confluence with the Colorado. The city
is approximately 60 miles from the Gulf of California (Sea of Cortez), a branch of the Pacific.
sunniest place on Earth. The city experiences an average of 4015 hours of sunshine per year, and 11.0 hours of sunshine per day. The near-perfect weather for flying year-round attracts military interest in training their pilots here.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 106.7 square miles (276 km2), of which 106.6 square miles (276 km2) is land and 0.1 Yuma features a square miles (0.26 km2) subtropical desert (0.07%) is water. climate (Köppen climate classification 1. Climate BWh), with extremely Yuma is noted for its hot summers and warm weather “extremes”. winters. Humidity is Of any populated usually low except place in the contiguous during what are called United States, Yuma “gulf surges”, when a is the driest, sunniest, moist air mass from and least humid; has the Gulf of California the lowest frequency is drawn northward, of rain and snow; and usually in connection the summer has the most number with of days per year–175– monsoon or the passage with a daily maximum of a tropical storm to the south. temperature of 90 °F (32 °C) or higher. On average, Yuma The sun shines for about receives 3.36 inches (85 90 percent of the days mm) of rain annually, in Yuma, making it the and even in the wettest World Views Guides | June 2014
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year of 2005, only 7.39 in (188 mm) fell. The driest year at Yuma Airport has been 2007 with only 0.15 in (3.8 mm). August is the wettest month of the year, while June is the driest. On July 28, 1995, Yuma reached its all-time high of 124 °F (51 °C). The lowest recorded temperature fell to 13 °F (−11 °C) on the YumaMesa area in January 2007. The temperature fell to 13 °F (−11 °C) for approximately two hours and was deleterious to the many crops grown in and
around Yuma. The crop that suffered the most damage was the citrus on the Yuma mesa, most notably the lemon crop which suffered a 75% to 95% loss of crop and trees as stated by the Arizona Department of Agriculture in a February 2007 report. On average, the temperature lowers to the freezing mark in less than a quarter of years, and there are 118 days per year that reach or exceed 100 °F (38 °C), usually from April through October, and during July and August fails to reach the century
mark on at most a few days. In 1997, the desert city sustained a full tropical storm after Hurricane Nora made landfall at the mouth of the Colorado River and quickly moved due north along it. This rare event cut power to 12,000 customers in Yuma, and dropped 3.59 inches (91 mm) of rain at Marine Corps Air Station Yuma. The last time a hurricane had hit near Yuma was in mid-August 1977, when similar falls were recorded.
Climate data for Yuma, Arizona (Yuma Int’l), 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1878–present Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high 88 97 102 107 120 122 124 120 123 112 98 91 124 °F (°C) (31) (36) (39) (42) (49) (50) (51) (49) (51) (44) (37) (33) (51) Average high 69.6 73.8 79.9 86.4 95.3 103.5 106.8 106.2 101.3 89.9 77.5 68.3 88.2 °F (°C) (20.9) (23.2) (26.6) (30.2) (35.2) (39.7) (41.6) (41.2) (38.5) (32.2) (25.3) (20.2) (31.2) Average low 47.6 50.1 54.4 59.6 67.3 74.6 82.1 82.3 76.5 65.0 53.9 46.6 63.3 °F (°C) (8.7) (10.1) (12.4) (15.3) (19.6) (23.7) (27.8) (27.9) (24.7) (18.3) (12.2) (8.1) (17.4) Record low 22 25 31 38 39 50 61 58 50 35 29 22 22 °F (°C) (−6) (−4) (−1) (3) (4) (10) (16) (14) (10) (2) (−2) (−6) (−6) Precipitation 0.36 0.33 0.34 0.12 0.03 0.01 0.26 0.52 0.53 0.21 0.20 0.45 3.36 inches (mm) (9.1) (8.4) (8.6) (3) (0.8) (0.3) (6.6) (13.2) (13.5) (5.3) (5.1) (11.4) (85.3) Avg. precipitation 2.3 2.0 1.8 .8 .4 .2 .9 2.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 2.1 16.2 days (≥ 0.01 in) Mean monthly 268.4 270.8 335.5 365.5 407.4 415.4 392.6 375.6 341.7 319.6 270.1 252.7 4,015.3 sunshine hours
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3. Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 94,064 people. There were 38,626 housing units in Yuma city, 79.5% of which were occupied housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 68.8% White, 3.2% Black or African American, 1.8% Native American, 1.9% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, and 4.5% from two or more races. 54.8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
Historical population Census Pop. %± 1870 1,144 — 1880 1,200 4.9% 1890 1,773 47.8% 1900 1,519 −14.3% 1910 2,914 91.8% 1920 4,237 45.4% 1930 4,892 15.5% 1940 5,325 8.9% 1950 9,145 71.7% 1960 23,974 162.2% 1970 29,007 21.0% 1980 42,481 46.5% 1990 56,966 34.1% 2000 77,515 36.1% 2010 93,064 20.1% Est. 2013 91,923 −1.2% U.S. Decennial Census 2013 Estimate
77,515 people, 26,649 households, and 19,613 families residing in the city. The population density was 726.8 people per square mile (280.6/km²). There were 34,475 housing units at an average density of 323.3 per square mile (124.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 68.3% White, 3.2% Black or African American, 1.5% Native American, 1.5% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 21.4% from other races, As of the census of and 3.9% from two or 2000, there were more races. 45.7% of
the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 26,649 households out of which 38.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.6% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.4% were nonfamilies. 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. World Views Guides | June 2014
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The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.27.
family was $41,588. Males had a median income of $35,440 versus $27,035 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,393. About 14.1% of families and 16.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.4% of those under age 18 and 13.9% of those age 65 or over. The high poverty rate may be due to unemployment.
In the city the population was spread out with 29.6% under the age of 18, 11.9% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 17.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females there were 99.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and High unemployment over, there were 97.2 remains an issue in males. Yuma. Citing April According to the 2006 2014 data, the Bureau of American Community Labor Statistics ranked Survey estimate, the Yuma as having the median income for a highest unemployment household in the city rate in the United States was $39,885, and the at 23.8 percent, above median income for a the 21.6 percent in El
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Centro, California. Yuma’s agricultural workforce, which adjusts to the picking season, is cited as the reason for the high unemployment by the Arizona Department of Commerce. 4. Economy The Yuma Metropolitan Statistical Area has the highest unemployment rate in the United States as of 2014 at 23.8%. 1.
Top employers
According to the City’s 2013 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the Yuma Metropolitan Statistical
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Area in 2012 were: # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Employer
Marine Corps Air Station Yuma Yuma Proving Ground Yuma Regional Medical Center Yuma Elementary School District Yuma County United States Border Patrol Walmart Yuma Union High School District
City of Yuma Paradise Casino
Other large employers include Bose, Dole Fresh Vegetables and Shaw Industries.
# of Employees 6,825 2,185 1,967 1,500 1,400 1,000 1,000 950 876 850
The Yuma Visitors’ Bureau oversees the Welcome Center at the Quartermaster Depot and is the official 5. Arts and culture visitors’ center for the Yuma Community. Yuma contains the historical Yuma Near Yuma are the Territorial Prison*, the Kofa Mountain Yuma Quartermaster Range and wildlife Depot State Historic refuge, Martinez and Park* (formerly known Mittry Lakes, and the as the Yuma Crossing Algodones Dunes. Historic Park), and a The city is the location historic downtown area. of the Marine Corps Air Yuma is an Arizona Main Station Yuma, which Street City. * - because conducts an annual air of budget cutbacks, show and many largeArizona State Parks scale military exercises. no longer operates the There is also the Yuma Territorial Prison and Proving Ground, an Quartermaster Depot. Army base which tests They are now operated new military equipment. by the Yuma Crossing Yuma Proving Ground is National Heritage Area also home to the Special and the City of Yuma. Operations Free Fall World Views Guides
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School, which provides training in Free fall parachute operations to Special Forces units in all branches of service, as well as those of other nations. The Colorado River runs along the north and west side of town, and serves as the border between Arizona and California. Yuma is an important station for trucking industry movement of goods between California, Arizona and Mexico. The Rialto movie theatre once owned a Kilgen pipe organ, one of the most expensive pipe organs to have been made. Originally played as accompaniment to silent films, it has been
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moved to the Yuma for spring training for Theatre. 20 years. Many local Every February Yumans club sports exist in the enjoy the annual rodeo, area as well, including the Yuma Jaycees the Yuma Sidewinders Silver Spur Rodeo. Rugby Football Club. rugby team A parade opens the The events. Cowboys and participates in the cowgirls from all over Division III Arizona the country compete in Men’s Rugby League, and travels throughout the festivities. Arizona, California The Yuma County Fair and Nevada, as well as takes place annually playing home games in in the spring at the Yuma. fairgrounds in Yuma. 6. Sports Yuma has a minor league caliber ballpark, Desert Sun Stadium which was home to the Yuma Desert Rats of the North American League and site of home games of two (was four) teams for the Arizona Winter League. The San Diego Padres used the field as a spring training facility from 1969 until 1993. and a Japanese baseball team, the Yakult Swallows used the field
7. Education The city is zoned to the Yuma Union High School District. The Yuma area has 10 high schools: Yuma Union High School (or simply Yuma High), Kofa High School, Cibola High School, the newly built Gila Ridge High School, the private Yuma Catholic High School and Calvary Baptist School, as well as the San Luis area San Luis High School.
Yuma also has four special program and charter high schools: Vista High School, Carpe Diem Collegiate High School, Harvest Preparatory Academy, and YPIC Charter High School. Yuma has two main elementary school districts, District One and Crane District, which include several schools as well as junior high schools. Additionally, Yuma has 6 private elementary schools: Yuma Lutheran School, Yuma Adventist Christian School, Immaculate Conception School, St. Francis of Assisi School, Calvary Baptist School and Southwestern Christian School. Arizona Western College is Yuma’s community college serving primarily as a choice for transfer students and those with shorter career goals. World Views Guides | June 2014
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Northern Arizona Soft Rock Radio University has a branch • KLJZ 93.1 FM campus in Yuma, as Soft Rock Radio well as University of • KCYK 1400 AM Phoenix. Country Radio Yuma is served by the • KAWC 1320 AM Yuma County Library & 88.9 FM Public District which consists Radio (Arizona Western College) of a Main Library
and several branches 9. Transportation including locations in Somerton, Wellton, • Yuma County Area Transit Fortuna Foothills, and San Luis. A new main • Yuma International Airport state of the art library is • Yuma (Amtrak now open. station) 8. Media 10. Notable people • KYMA NBC • Cesar Chavez, a Affiliate • K E C Y - T V Mexican American civil rights leader FOX, ABC, CW and Culp, Telemundo Affiliate • Curley professional • Yuma Sun former American football newspaper player. • KSWT CBS • Efrain Escudero, Affiliate • KBLU 560 AM a UFC fighter, in the Lightweight division. Talk Radio Garcia, • KYRM 91.9 FM • Edgar a UFC fighter, in the Radio Manantial • KTTI 95.1 FM Welterweight division. • Irving Garcia, a Country Radio • KQSR 100.9 FM USL Pro player, for the World Views Guides
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Los Angeles Blues. • Kelvin Gastelum, The Ultimate Fighter 17 Winner and current UFC fighter in the Middleweight division. • Robert Wilson Kennerly, retired politician and community leader. • Mike Marshall, a Manager of the Yuma Scorpions. Won two World Series rings with the Los Angeles Dodgers. • Bengie Molina, Major League Baseball catcher for the Texas Rangers; played shortstop for Arizona Western College in 1991 and 1992. • Bobby Pacho, a 1930s professional boxer and Welterweight world title contender. • Cain Velasquez, current two-time UFC Heavyweight Champion and a twotime All-American collegiate wrestler.
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