UNA
Official Magazine of Worldwide Friends Iceland
UNA
FELICITÀ JOIE GLÜCK СЧАСТЬЕ FELICIDAD HAPPINESS SRECA 행복 幸福
Worldwide Friends - Veraldarvinir Volunteers in Iceland 1
INDEX
4
MOVIE
12 WOMEN’S RIGHTS
16
26
LIFESTYLE
BREWERY
This is UNA Magazine. ”Una” is an Icelandic girl name. It is derived from the Old West Norse verb “una” to enjoy, be happy with, be content. In Old Danish it has the meaning “to be satisfied, to be happy.” In Iceland it is associated with friend. Every month our volunteers explore Iceland and all the incredible stories of the people connected with this
4-6
Brief History of Icelandic Cinema Everything you have to know about Iceland’s most important movies and their directors!
7-9 This issue as been created by the volunteers of Worldwide Friends (WF Iceland). It was founded in 2001 as a non-profit, non-governmental organization promoting peace, friendship and international understanding.
Interview with Props Master of A White, White Day with Ari Birgir Agùstsson
12-15
Gender Equality in Iceland
Iceland is the best country for women and we are going to explein you why!
16-18
History of Icelandic Beer Brewing Industry
What you have to know about the most important movie’s director and Icelandic films.
19-23
Interview in Breiðadalsvík Brewery
Interview with local, Thomas
28
Interview with local, Maren
All the answers about why Icelandic beer is so tasty.
All the answers about the most common questions about making a film.
24-25
10-11
A shorts brief about how beer is proucted.
Timeline of Most Famous Icelandic Films
27
Beer Brewing Process
A shorts brief about all Films that were set here .
2
3
Movie
Brief History of Icelandic Cinema
Whether you are out with friends or staying in for the night, watching a movie is always a great way to pass time. Iceland has been involved in producing documentaries since 1906, but only recently has it become a popular subject in the early 2000s. Today, its film industry has been releasing as many as four films per year and has proven to be a popular filming location for larger companies such at 20th Century Fox. Recent movies such as Star Wars: Rogue One, Prometheus, and The Secret Life of Walter Mitty have all been filmed around the beautiful country. Icelandic movies made its premier in 1921 by Danish actor and filmmaker Gunnar Sommerfeldt in his movie entitled Son of the Soil (Saga Borgaraettarinnar). Other directors have made their name around the country, such as Friðrik Þór Friðriksson, Ágúst Guðmundsson, Hlynur Palmasson, and many others.
4
What you have to know about the new Icelandic movie’s makers Hlynur Palmasson, his new film and all this kind of stuff.
A White, White Day will soon be Iceland’s most recent movie release. This mystery thriller directed by Hlynur Palmasson is scheduled to shoot its scenes in August 2018 in the fishing village of Stöðvarfjörður. The movie follows Ingimundur and how his life is being consumed by the obsession of finding the man he suspects being involved with his wife’s disappearance.
at a reputable school of cinema in which will mold future filmmakers. Initially, he would film movies on his own but as the industry grew, he was forced to find better resources and seek more collaborators.
Initially, he studied plastic arts before deciding to enter the cinematic field. When asked, he would show an equal amount of passion for both cinema and plastic arts with no bias towards which field would bring him more success. With the help from sound engineers and composers, Palmasson would productively combine his knowledge to create a powerful atmosphere in his movies through either images or soundtracks.
Born in 1984 in Hornafjordur, the writer/director Palmasson is known for his movies Winter Brothers (2017), En Maler (2013), and Seven Boats (2014). The movie industry was not well known in Iceland, so Palmasson made the decision to go abroad to Denmark to study 5
When asked about the project of A White, White Day by a journalist after the premiere of Winter Brothers, he explained that this second movie will focus on the resolution of mystery through mourning after the pain, fear, and anger of those who suffered the loss of a loved one. This movie will be linked to the previous one somehow, but he hopes there will be an improvement. The first one was more Danish, set in Denmark and in Danish language. This one will be more Scandinavian, set in Iceland but with a Swedish photo director, Norwegian sound engineer and a Danish editor.
Interview with the Props Master of A White, White Day with Ari Birgir Agùstsson Is this the first movie you’re working on? When did you begin? No. I started to study Film Acting at school in 2010, but before that, I studied design. When I graduated from school, I got an opportunity to shoot a film in 2012. Since then, I’ve never stopped working in the field! So what is your job, exactly? I work as the “last eye” in the movie. It means that I work on the composition of the frame, the colour distribution, the arrangement of the furnitures, etc, but also the visual continuity along the shots, in order to have matching cuts. For example, I have to be careful about the amount of water in the glasses between two shots. Studies about acting and design are very helpful! When reading scripts, I understand what is the actor’s work is because I feel really close to them, and I know how to approach them. It matters, and helps me a lot, also for picking up props for them. Everyone has some kind of a unique character, and I feel it, I tend to go deeper into it and try to highlight it. I can also talk to the designer, work with him in order to pick up appropriate costumes and accessories for the actors. What are your sources of inspiration? I think I have very bad tastes in movies, but I really love movies where everything is clear, following the idea that “less is more”, like Wes Anderson movies, when you get straight to it. In a more general way, I like to watch every movie with beautiful sets and designs, movies that are well-dressed, periodical like Victorian Era. It’s very inspiring to see all the props when it works out well. King’s speech is also one of my favourite movies.
6
How have you met Hlynur Palmasson? Is this the first time you are work with him? We did a short film together in 2014 called Seven Boats. It’s a beautiful one-shot movie, about 12 minutes, and in black and white. It’s set on the middle of the sea, and the plot is supposed to happen during the XVII - XIX centuries. The work was very difficult since I had to dress the sea, especially the 7 old boats. Therefore, it’s our second time working together. What do you think about his work? I think that Hlynur doesn’t give a lot of importance to the plot. His films are more like an art move, he tries to catch a feeling, to capture a moment. In his movies, the symbols are more important than the story. What importance do you give to Icelandic landscape? They are the reason I love my country, about movie making, and in general, The nature is beautiful, the sea is clear blue, the air is clean, all of the colors, the mountains are breathtaking. We use it in films but sometimes it’s too much. We have to be careful not to rely on them all the time, and not overdoing it; if you want to use the nature in Iceland, you have to use it wisely! Do you have an idea of the final result of the film while making it? Of course! I have the final image when reading the script, but it’s important to stay open all the time because it changes every day, every second. Also, it’s not up to me to decide what it’s going to look like, it’s the director that decides the main structure of the movie. But it’s good to have a personal feeling about the final result though, and make it look more interesting.
7
Is filmmaking more like a collaborative work? A mix of everyone’s feeling? Not actually, but everyone’s job is essential for the movie. Everybody has something to do with the final result. But it’s always up to the director to decide what it’s going to be eventually, yet the production designers, costume designers, props and photography are also important! Even if the director has the final word, everyone has its own input in the movie.
maker when I was younger, but I’ve always wanted to do something artistic. It just happens to be. Somehow, I ended here. I knew that it’s something I wanted to do. I really like working with my hands. I can do a lot of stuff. It fits me so well, I can use all of my talent.
Have you ever worked with a non-Icelandic director? What’s the differences between them? Yes, I did a lot of commercials with non-Icelandic directors, but I don’t think there are many differences. Everyone is different for me, regardless the nationality. Maybe Hollywood directors tend to think in a bigger scale, but I think it’s because they are used to have more money. What was your motivation to enter in the field of cinema? I don’t think I ever had a dream of being a film-
8
Is the wage sufficient for living? It was hard in the beginning. But if you really, really want to enter into the field, you have to give everything. The first two years were really hard. It’ all about gaining trust and recognition. Then when your name becomes familiar, everyone will know that it’s not a risk of hiring you. So for now it’s sufficient for me, I don’t need another job beside. Because I love this, though I had hard times, it worth it. There are a lot of things we need to fix though, I think the days are too long, about 12-16 hours of work a day in average. It’s ridiculous, unhuman, usually, working for 2 months must be enough to cover the 2 or 3 following months, but it’s not the case today, we have to work 100%.
Is it because of the lack of government’s support? I’ve found that Iceland government started to fund the Icelandic film from 1979. Is it not enough? Do you have any idea to deal with it? We can work for 12 hours if we want. But it shouldn’t be the solution, even if I love my job. We have been fighting for many years to cut it to 10 hours a day, but it always falls. It’s sad that it could be the reason why I have to stop working. I know it’s really not going to work for me in the future if I have a family.
just waiting for filmmakers to be part of it, but they don’t because they’re used to their old groups. They’re not willing to change. I think the best way now is cutting down the working hours to 10hrs a day and get lower salary. But that shouldn’t be the solution. It’s still is not a good one. Cause our salary is suppose to be higher.
Do you have the reason why you have to work that much? Because it’s cheaper just to use our manpower. Directors always want to make it as short as possible. They make people work as maniacs, but that should not be the solution. And also, our government doesn’t support us much, as most of us are independent and are not part of any company. So nobody takes care of us. We can still have benefits if we pay for it, we are
9
Most famous films sets in Iceland
Timeline of the most famous Icelandic films
Over the past decade, Iceland has become a popular destination, not only for tourists, but also for filmmakers, who come from all over the world to film here.
1955 Fridrik Thor Fridriksson Cold Fever Follows the story of Masatoshi Nagase, a Japanese man who finds misadventure and eccentric characters while in Iceland to perform a memorial service for his parents.
Here there is a interactive map which shows where the most famous Hollywood films were set
2000 Baltasar Kormákur 101 Reykjavik Based on the 1996 novel by Hallgrímur Helgason, this film tells an impressive story about sex, drugs, parties, lesbians and the difficulties of growing up. Awards: Crystal Globe, Variety Piazza Grande The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (2013)
Game of Thrones (2012-2019)
Noah (2014)
James Bond: A View To Kill (1985)
Batman Begins (2015)
Set during the Icelandic economic recession in 2008, an 85 year old women, Gudfinna, struggles to retain her dignity. Awards:Edda Award for best short film
2016 Sólveig Anspach The Aquatic Effect
Interstellar (2014)
Sense8 (2015)
Thor 2 (2013)
10
Journay to the centre of the Earth
Stardust (2007)
2011 Ísold Uggadóttir Revolution Reykjavik
A love story about a man who pretends he can’t swim so that he can take lessons from the instructor, who he has a crush on.
11
Gender Equality in Iceland Iceland is now ranked as No. 1 in the world for gender equality by the World Economic Forum.
WOMEN’S
RIGHTS
As we were travelling to Iceland for the first time, we couldn’t help but notice that the voice coming from the speaker saying, “This is your Captain speaking”, was that of a female. To our surprise, the airline pilot was a woman. We had always been used to hearing and seeing a man in this important role. This event made us wonder what life for women in Iceland is really like. While doing some research we discovered that on Women’s Day, June 19th, 2001, for the first time in history, Icelandair flight crews on international
12
flights to and from Iceland were entirely composed of women. Being that estimates from the International Society of Women Airline Pilots (ISA) say there are only 4,000 women pilots worldwide, this is very impressive. Iceland is in fact one of the best places in the world to be a woman. Yes, Iceland is the best place in the world to be a woman but according to the WEF’s latest predictions, women will have to wait 217 years for the gender pay gap to close.
13
For a long time, Iceland has been committed to creating policies to promote gender equality, particularly political and economic participation. Starting in January, 2018, a new law came into effect, which consists of equal pay between men and women. Companies, public and private institutions, banks and any other employer with more than 25 employees will have to make sure that women are paid as much as their male counterparts who have equal qualifications. In the case of violations to the new law, there are fines that go up to 50,000 Icelandic crowns (about 450 euros). The monitoring of compliance will be assigned to the women’s police force, “Lögreglan á Íslandi”, and to the tax authorities. Icelandic women are also very well educated. As a matter of fact, there are more women attending University than men. With regard to politics, in 1980 Iceland elected the first female president in the world, Vigidis Finnbogadottir, who headed the country until 1996. Today, almost half of parliamentarians are women, and in 2009 the first female prime minister Jóhanna Siguðardóttir was elected.
The issue of equal pay is so serious here, it’s enshrined in law.
After the financial crash in 2008, their male prime minister was replaced by a woman.
On top of all of this, over 80% of women in Iceland are part of the workforce. Egalitarianism in the Icelandic society doesn’t regard only the work force. Signs of this egalitarianism are reflected in the Icelandic attitude towards motherhood (supported by extensive state aid such as nine months of paid leave for both women and men), and schools at affordable prices. Perhaps this is also why Iceland has the highest rate of births out of wedlock in the world: two-thirds of Icelandic children are born of unmarried women. However, this independence does have a negative side. In recent years, reports of sexual abuse have increased, and even though new laws against gender-based violence have been passed, the system has been very slow to respond. Despite
14
its egalitarian culture and progress, Iceland still has a gender wage gap among the highest in Europe, with the result that many female heads of households also have few resources. Gender equality is both a fundamental human right and one of the foundations for a prosperous and harmonious planet. Hopefully, with time and growing awareness, other countries in the world will take example from the positive cultural changes for women in the Icelandic culture.
“There is nothing in this world that is only for girls or women.” -Margrét Pála Olafsdótti
15
Icelandic Brewery
History of Beer Brewing Industry Being of Víking descendant, it’s not a surprise that Icelanders love drinking. When the settlers first came to Iceland, it was warmer than it is now, so growing barley to produce ale was easy. However, during the so-called “Little Ice Age” from 1300 it became impossible to grow barley in Iceland. Since the island was isolated, importing barley was scarcely possible. Nowadays, Icelanders regain their fond of beers due to the convenient transportation makes it easier to import ingredients. A survey made by The World Health Organisation indicates that beer comprised 62% of the alcohol drunk by Icelanders.
16
The prohibition on In 1915, iceland held a referendum alcoholic drinks and for a total ban on wine, beer, spirit. beer The reason of the ban on alcoholic drink remains uncertain, some think that it might tempts young people and workers into addiction, others put emphasis on the political reasons. Iceland was engaged in a struggle for independence from Denmark at the time, and Icelanders strongly associated beer with Danish lifestyles; therefore, drinking beer became a act of not patriotic. Nonetheless, the ban didn’t stop beer-thirsty people from alcohol. Smuggling, home-brew and lobby for alcohol legalization played a part. The ban of spirit was lifted in 1935; however, the ban of beer wasn’t lifted until 1st of March 1989, for the average 4-5% of beer alcohol by volume is greater than 2.25%. Ever since then, first of March is celebrated as the “Beer Day.” The habit of drinking has changed a lot after the lift of the prohibition, from the conservative sip to binge drinking that motivates many local brewers to make their own beers. After the beer-ban lifted, the preference of drinking was dominated by large industrial breweries and imports. Now, instead of asking “One beer, please.” in the bar, the bartender will probably ask you what kind of beer you want! Nevertheless, the true freedom of beer is in 2005.The first craft brewery established on a remote Establishment of farm in North Iceland. Microbrewery The husband of a couple living in a
17
tiny fishing village called Árskógsstrandur was forced to stop his career as a fisherman because of a hurt of knee in 2003. The idea of establishing a micro brewery came to his wife’s mind after seeing a report of a Danish microbrewery in June 2005. Being an Icelandic fisherman, who are used to act quickly to respond the unpredictable weather, wind, and movement of fish, he made all the preparation including importing equipment from Czech. By early 2006, the first Kaldi beer had been bottled. Alcohol is not like any other product on the market. Therefore the operation is based on clearly defined responsibilities and on the fact that Icelandic government do not strive to maximize the profits or encourage sales within stores. Nordic alcohol monopolies play an important role in achieving this goal. It’s believed that restricting retail sales of alcoholic beverages is an effective way to reduce harmful alcohol consumption. In all Nordic countries except for Denmark, the monopoly companies owned by the state hold the sole rights to the retail sales of alcoholic beverages. In Iceland,the company is named “Vínbúðin.” In Vínbúðin, they have limited access, restriction on opening hours, preventions regarding home-brewery, and regulations to prevent young or intoxicating people from over purchasing alcohol.
ee
Not until 2015 did a bill proposed end the monopoly on alcohol sales. Saga or Legend Saga or legend about beer in IceAbout Beer in land Iceland “Öl” or ale are mentioned in the early Icelandic poems, there are several accounts of a rough Viking approach to the consumption of beer. The famous warrior poet Egill Skallagrímsson was particularly notorious for binge drinking to inspire hsu killing sprees. Egill quoth;”Ölvar mig því að Ölvi, öl gerir nú fölvan - I am getting drunk as Ölvir is becoming pale by ale” as he stabbed Bárður the King-
Interview in When was the Brewery establiBreiðadalsvík shed? Brewery We opened year ago, so it was established in 2017. How do you get the ingredients? We ordered them in Reykjavík. Since there aren’t many sources in Iceland, we import all of our ingredients except for water. The hops come from America generally, we also use British hops in one of our beers. And most of the malts come from Germany. Nowadays tourism becomes more and more popular and we wonder what’s the influence of the tourism on the industry? Does it make people know more about the industry? I think so, for sure. Especially in such a tiny little town. It also helps other local businesses we have. For example, we don’t serve food here,
18
19
but I would send people to other local restaurants nearby. Especially for the tourist trade that passes through. Once there was a hotel in the corner around the brewery, so people find a reason to come and stop rather than stumbling upon accidentally. Where do you sell your beer? Here or export? Mainly here, but we also ship our kegs to a few local bars. In the winter we spend more time brewing and selling. Not only in Reykjavík, we also cooperate with a few bars around Iceland. For example, we have a couple of bars in Egilsstaðir and a couple of places with guest houses in the south.
“I am getting drunk as Ölvir is becoming pale by ale”
Is there any specific beer that you only do in this location? We do, almost all the breweries brew Beljandi. We use to produce IPA, it’s quite bitter and it turned out to be really popular. We recently sell the summer ale we brew just for the summer, and
20
21
it’s being really popular so I guess we are going to sell more of that. So do other bars as well. We tend to spend more time locally during summer. Since we’ve not yet exported our beers, we go to Reykjavík in the winter when we don’t have to be at the bar as this much, but it’s quite exaggerating to say it’s marketing because there are quite few breweries.
After the comprehensive introduction of brewery by Emily, she served us three kinds of beers sold there which are Beljandi, LLK(abbreviated from Léttur, Ljúfur Og Kátur), Spaði. Beljandi with an ABV 5% is a pale ale. With a moderate taste, it could be the typical kind that fits everyone! LLK with an ABV 4.4% is a summer ale with wine. It tastes a little bit sour but very refreshing. The scent of lime stays in the mouth, working perfectly with the bitterness from the beer. Spaði with an ABV 6% is IPA. This kind of beer tastes super hoppy. It’s definitely the best choice of those who love the taste of strong bitterness. She said that many visitors to Iceland are surprised to discover a plethora of Icelandic breweries and artisan micro-breweries, seemingly, an impossible number for such a small population. But they don’t know who are Icelandic people!!
Are there any equipment improvements in the brewery industry these years? Definitely in the industry for sure. A lot of breweries import a lot of equipment. Since there are increasing people wants to do craft beer, the equipment has to go with the courageous adventure. People throw all kinds of ingredients into beers today. We are going to put things like waffles, donuts, into the fermentation time. The equipment is generally the same, but the quality are things to do with the differences. A friend of mine just started to run breakfast stout in the UK, so the breakfast beer is definitely a new try.
What makes Icelandic beer so refreshing might be the glacier water they use for brewing. Due to the extremely high local prices and the harsh weather, low temperature, that makes growing the ingredients by Icelander themselves such a hard thing. Most of the ingredients are imported except for water. Having a drink also warms your body; if given a chance to visit Iceland in the future, don’t miss out on the fresh beer here! 22
23
BEER
Is Temperature a problem in Icelandic brewery? It’s not so much. We got a temperature control system. All the temperature and pressure control happens in the fermentation time. Actually, lower temperature is better for storing beer. Anyway, the key point in actual brewing process is making the temperature right. It shouldn’t make difference. .
“The yeast is not a part of beer, but it’s a magical monk stick! It’s my favorite base.” Emily, the worker at the Beljander Brewery
Brewing Hops
Malt
Yeast Water
MASHING
BOILING
COOLING
Once it’s been malted, snip it into the mush tun. After it’s finished match and mash tun, sparge the worts. (Sparge means to hold it down.) Basically make sure that the barley is gotten out of as much as possible.
During the boiling process, add the ingredients number two, the hops. Hops added for two reason, for bitterness and for aroma. The longer in the kettle, the better the beer is. If it’s added for an hour, it’ll be bitter. If it’s added in for only ten minutes, the flavor and the aroma will come out more. Most brews will do a combination of both. So, people add them in at various stages as its boiling to get a combination of flavor.
Ones it’s finished, have a low boil and put the hops in as well since they can be dried out. This action enables more release of aroma, flavor, and the bitterness. Next, once it’s in the kettle, set it through into the fermentation time, when the yeast is added. Yeast is definitely an indispensable ingredient to beer. “I’ll think of it as a pacman.”, Emily laughed and said.
24
FERMENTATION The fermentation takes about 2 weeks in Beljandi Brewery. It includes the fermentation time and the cooling time before kegging it. There are two types of yeast, ale yeast and lager yeast. Lager yeast seats on the bottom of the beer and Ale’s which ferments on the top. When yeast eats sugar, it forces out CO2, alcohol and the esters. Lager yeast, which needs lower temperature, sinks to the bottom during the brewing process. It doesn’t release so much esters as ale does, hence it gives a cleaner taste. Ale yeast, however, tops down. It uses higher temperature. As a result, the yeasts works well, releasing more esters which creates a more fruity flavor.
STORING It’s common to keep beer in either kegs or casks. The size of kegs varies. The casks will be like a traditional bowl or a fish barrel. How you keep your beers depend on various choices. During the kegging process, first we should make sure the fermentation is finished, then CO2 is put in. Usually, beer stored in barrel won’t be carbonated, so there is no extra CO2 in the barrel. Whereas beers in the keg serves under pressure, they have additional carbonation, getting all the fizzy bubble as well.
25
BOTTLE CANNING You can bottle or canning. The best way to bottle beer is to keep it in not clear glasses because it protects it from being sun struck and oxidizing which are the two evils of beer. Canning is probably the best way to keep it. Despite that it’s gone bad stereotype attached to it, that is, being cheap or not great tasting beer, it’s actually the best way to protect it from outside. Anything comes like an opaque container is much better. Otherwise the flavor may change not as desired.
Lifestyle A new study from Icelandic Directorate of Health suggests that a life in a small fishing village in a remote fjord by the edge of an inhabitable world is good for your mental health. According to a study looking at the health and quality of life in different parts of iceland, the data reveals that residents of the Westfjords are significantly happier than other Icelanders. Upt to 65% of those living in the Westfjords ranked their happiness as 8/10 or more, whereas the national average was only 61% on that point scale. In addition, the consumption of antidepressants is also lower in the Westfjords than in other parts of Iceland.
For such reasons, we decided to go around the Eastern fjords interviewing locals about their daily lifestyles. We discovered that Icelanders love being in a quiet and peaceful environment. During their free time, they may often go hiking, swimming, or just pass their time relaxing in hot tubs. From this culture, others can learn how to face life in a positive and relaxing way. Peace and love should be our mantra! THOMAS, 10 years old Which is the most important holiday in Iceland? Christmas, we usually go outside and play with the snow and eat turkey. What is your daily routine? I usually go to school here in the French Village, I’m in the 5th grade, and then a lot of my schoolmates play football but now I don’t do this anymore so I usually stay at home. A lot of my friends spend all their free time playing football outside so when I am at home I play with videogames or I watch tv. Do you prefer to live here or you would like to live in a bigger city? I was born in Reykjavik, but I prefer to live here, there is too much traffic and cars in the capital. I live here and I have all my friend here too, so I don’t want to go anywhere.
26
27
T E S L E Y F T I E L ES YL F T I L ES YL F T I L ES Y F T I mes but I mean who wouldn’t ?
Do you have plans to move to a bigger city ? Well, I planned to go to Reykjavik to finish my studies but finally I decided to stay here to finish college.
What are the most common jobs here ? The fish industry is more for foreign people. Locals usually work in the schools or in supermarkets! (smile). How many people live in this town ? It’s about 750 people.
What about the schools ? There’s one school per fjord at least but if you go further, the schools are fewer and tend to gather people of several fjords.
Maren, 18 years old What are the most famous holidays ? Christmas, I think, but we also go to festivals.
What do you do during your leisure times ? Do you go to the pool for example ? No, I don’t go to the pool, but I usually call my friends, ask them to go out, drive around a bit. Not much to do (laughs) But it’s nice though.
Are there a lot of festivals in Iceland? In the summer there’s a festival probably every weekend, and I use to go there often.
Are there a long of young people here ? Well, no. We split after graduating from middle school. I decided to stay here, and people of my age are like 14.
What is your daily routine? During the weekend, I go out with my friends. We really enjoy going to a bar, but for that we have to travel to the other fjords and it takes about 40 minutes by car. Otherwise, I just wake up, go to work, go home, and eat.
We saw many young people work in supermarkets, for example. Is that usual? What is the earliest age to start working? Yes, I have started working at 10 years old. Mainly for the town.
Is it difficult to live in such a small city ? It’s not hard, I get bored someti-
28
29