2023 | VOL 75. ISSUE III
A Marketing Kit to help engage customers in taking action & to drive sales. Research Shows Native & Non-Native Plants Attract Diverse Bees to Urban Gardens in California.
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New name. Same commitment to your success. Northwest Farm Credit Services is now AgWest Farm Credit. Providing agricultural financial services, backed by a century of experience—to help you grow your legacy. Contact your local branch or visit AgWestFC.com to learn more. 2 - The B&B Magazine
This institution is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
Contents
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Features
10 Power Up Your Pollinators
A marketing kit to help you inspire action & grow sales.
Logos, infographics, social media, stickers, video, signage & more.
12 Pollinator Posts
Promote Purposeful Plants + Profits
WSNLA members feature pollinators in social posts educating their customers on plants, practices & purpose.
14 Native &
Non-Native Plants Attract Diverse Bees to Urban Gardens In California When constructing bee habitat in urban & agricultural areas, focus on plants that bees prefer for pollen & nectar & not on whether the plants are native or non-native.
(Above) Campaign mission is to inspire & educate individuals to take action & become a hero of pollinator conservation. We aim to provide audiences with the knowledge, resources, and practical tips to transform their own backyards & gardens into pollinator-friendly havens. By doing so, we can save the day for our local pollinators in Washington and beyond, so they can continue contributing to a healthier, more sustainable environment. Turn to page 10 to learn more.
Columns 4
From the President
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Executive Director
8
Legislative Update
Departments 26
Calendar of Events
26
WSNLA Marketplace
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WSNLA Career Center
THE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF Washington State Nursery & Landscape Association
2023 | VOL 75. NO. III Editor Breanne Chavez Published Quarterly By: Washington State Nursery & Landscape Association. PO Box 219 Sumner, WA 98390-0040 253.661.6055, info@wsnla.org Deadlines:
News, Classified ads, Advertising
5pm on February 1, May 1, August 1, and November 1. To place an ad, contact Breanne at (800) 672-7711 or breanne@ wsnla.org. WSNLA reserves the right to refuse
any ad which is misleading, unethical, contrary to WSNLA policy, or does not pertain to the industry.
Comments to the Editor: Interested in sharing your opinions and comments with B&B readers? If you take the time to share your thoughtful comments, WSNLA will be sure to share them with B&B readers. Please submit to breanne@wsnla.org.
WSNLA
Washington State Nursery & Landscape Association
Executive Director Breanne Chavez e-mail breanne@wsnla.org Finance & Operations Director Holly Osborne, CPH e-mail holly@wsnla.org © 2023, Washington State Nursery and Landscape Association
www.wsnla.org Washington State Nursery & Landscape Association - 3
WSNLA
Message from the President ] Washington State Nursery & Landscape Association
Katie Miller WSNLA President Retail Ready Sales Manager Skagit Horticulture/Skagit Gardens
Any gardener knows that the garden isn’t just plants, it’s bees, hummingbirds, ladybugs, songbirds, and butterflies. It is also creepy crawly spiders, beetles, aphids, moths, and grubs. It is the plants you deliberately placed and those that blew in on the winter wind to sprout where they landed, keeping the industrious gardener busy with weed pulling all summer. The garden is teaming with life, some that is easily appreciated, and some that is not, and some that is best kept under control. Horticulture as an industry is commercial gardening in all of its glorious forms. We offer living, breathing, nature to carry home and place in a window, a planter, a flowerbed, or vegetable garden. Nature that can be cared for and made greater or forgotten and left to wither. (Some of us count on the withering as part of our business model). We spread the message, encouraging consumers to bring home more flowers to attract bees, hummingbirds, and butterflies (the pollinator poster children). In fact, during the month of June many garden centers celebrate pollinators and all they do for the outdoor living space by offering promotions, products, and classes to teach and expand the understanding of home gardeners, including how they can add to the plant palette of their garden making it a refuge for pollinators. It also introduces customers that might just be experimenting with their outdoor living space for the first time and learning that the garden isn’t just plants, but critters big and small.
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Serving the green industry since 1937!
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By the time you are reading this we will be telling customers that fall is a great time to plant, but keep reminding them about those pollinators. The bees will be busy for many weeks to come, and hummingbirds don’t all fly south for winter. And with Halloween approaching it can be a great time to feature some of the less conventional creepy crawly pollinators like bats, moths and even some types of beetles. In 2022 WSNLA was awarded a grant to bring about the next phase of the Plant Something Campaign. This time the focus is on Plant Something Pollinator Friendly by Powering Up Your Pollinators. An amazing volunteer task force has worked hard to guide the develpment of
“... the focus is on Plant Something Pollinator Friendly by Powering Up Your Pollinators. An amazing volunteer task force has worked hard to guide the develpment of marketing materials that will be available to our member businesses to use as tools to educate customers.” marketing materials that will be available to our member businesses to use as tools to educate customers as well as industry promotion. In this issue of B&B, you will learn more about Powering up your Pollinators, as well as ongoing research around pollinators and natives. I also encourage you to check out www. gardenwashington.com and share it with your customers. It is loaded with resources for home gardeners including all the material from the original Plant Something Campaign. It also connects gardeners with our retail members when they are ready to dig in and start planting. There are many amazing things in the natural world around us and the more we learn about them the better we can educate ourselves and the consumer when it comes to the garden. And who doesn’t need one more reason to love
as aCALL WSnla member, you have contributed to protecting, promoting and educating FOR NOMINATIONS: Deadline Is Friday, November 17 our horticultural community. Please help recognize the hard work, passion and talents Submit to breanne@wsnla.org being invested to ensure a vibrant industry for current and future nursery and landscape As a WSNLA member, you have contributed to protecting, promoting and educating businesses. industry initiatives that ensure a vibrant industry for current and future our horticultural community. Please helpcolleague, recognize the hard work, passion and businesses. Consider nominating a friend, employee, co-worker, or yourself for talentsthebeing invested ensure a vibrant to industry for current and future nursery leadership, hard to work and commitment professional horticulture.
and landscape businesses. Submit Consider nominating a friend,4.colleague, employee, Nominations by November co-worker, or yourself for leadership, hard work and commitment to professional WSnl a award Categories Include: Supplier of the Year Criterion: Hardgood or non-plant supplier who has shown an horticulture. above average support of the association, the industry and the Environmental Excellence Award Criterion: This award goes to a person or company that significantly improved, protected or repaired the environment through the use of plants and proper horticultural practices. The award can be given to a person or firm within or outside of the nursery and landscape industry.
WSNLA Award Categories Include:
Environmental Excellence Award Cultivating Community Award Criterion: This award is given to a new Criterion: This award goes tooraestablished person WSnla member for involvement that has provided notable or company that significantly improved, service in cultivating the WSnla community, and supporting ourorganizational mission. protected or repaired the environment WSNLA Member Year through the useofoftheplants and proper Criterion: Given to a member who has rendered outstanding horticultural practices. The award can service to WSnla and the industry during the year just past. be given to a person or firm within or Jerry Rosso “Involvement” Award Criterion: In thenursery tradition of Jerry given to a member who outside of the andRosso, landscape has demonstrated consistent commitment and involvement industry. over the long term. Legislative Award
Criterion: Given to a member who has actively supported and Cultivating Community Award shown leadership in legislative issues on behalf of the nursery Criterion: This award is given to a WSNLA and landscape industry. member for involvement that has provided notable service in cultivating 16 - The B&B Magazine the WSNLA community. 2016 September BB Magazine.indd 16
WSNLA Member of the Year
Criterion: Given to a member who has rendered outstanding service to WSNLA and the industry during the year just past.
Jerry Rosso “Involvement” Award
Criterion: In the tradition of Jerry Rosso, given to a member who has demonstrated consistent commitment and involvement over the long term.
Industry Legislative & Advocacy Award
Criterion: Given to a member who has actively supported and shown leadership in legislative issues, or has advocated on behalf of the nursery and landscape industry.
members. The award is to the person, not the company.
Educator of the Year Criterion: Given for meritorious service in any “education” function serving the industry. Has been awarded to Cooperative extension personnel, due to the strong education mission of that organization and its staff.
Supplier of the Year
Criterion: Hardgood or non-plant supplier Honorary Lifetime Member Criterion: Goesshown to an individual who, having been an active who has an above average support member, performed some outstanding service to the field of of the association, the industry and the horticulture or in the interest of the industry. members. The award is to the person, not Harold Young Lifetime Achievement Award Criterion: Given to a member who has demonstrated exemplary the company. service to WSnla and the industry throughout their career.
Educator the Year HOW TO SuBMITof YOuR NOMINATION:
Please submit your nominations, along with a few sentences Criterion: Given for meritorious service about the person you are nominating by november 4. all nominations will be presented function and reviewed by the WSnlathe in any “education” serving executive committee in november. award recipients will industry. been to Cooperative be honored at Has the 2017 WSnlaawarded awards Presentation and featured in the february 2017 B&B Magazine. Please send your extension personnel, due to the strong nominations directly to Breanne Chavez at breanne@wsnla.org. education mission of that organization and its staff.
Harold Young Lifetime Achievement Award
9/19/2016 3:43:02 PM
Criterion: Given to an individual who has demonstrated exemplary service to the industry throughout their career. HOW TO SUBMIT YOUR NOMINATION: Please submit your nominations, along with a few sentences about the person you are nominating by November 17 Nominations will be presented and reviewed by the WSNLA executive committee. Award recipients will be honored at the WSNLA Annual Meeting in January 2024 and featured in the B&B Magazine. Please send your nominations directly to Breanne Chavez at breanne@ wsnla.org.
Washington State Nursery & Landscape Association - 5
WSNLA
Message from the Director ]
Washington State Nursery & Landscape Association
2023 WSNLA BOARD OF DIRECTORS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Katie Miller WSNLA President Skagit Horticulture katiemiller@skagithort.com Trevor Cameron, CPH WSNLA President Elect Sunnyside Nursery trevor@sunnysidenursery.com Kirsten Lints, CPH WSNLA Vice President Gardens ALIVE Design kirsten@gardensALIVEdesign.com Megan Pulkkinen, CPH, EPC WSNLA Treasurer Megan Pulkkinen Landscape Design megancph@hotmail.com Tim Gray WSNLA Past President Pacific Stone Company timg@pacificstoneco.com
CHAPTER & CAUCUS LEADERSHIP Peter Van Well North Central Chapter President Van Well Nursery 509-886-8189 | pete2@vanwell.net Kate Domoszlay Wholesale Grower Caucus Chair T&L Nursery Kate@TandLnursery.com Jami Burke Horticulture Supplier Caucus Chair Walrath Soil Technologies 253-531-7499 | jami@tewalrath.com Open Positions: Mt Rainier Chapter President Olympic Chapter President Seattle Chapter President Retail Nursery Representative Landscape Representative
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“To accomplish great things, we must not only act, but also dream, not only plan, but also believe.” Breanne Chavez WSNLA Executive Director
We Are Accomplishing Great Things Together.
This Association is Your Association... and it is because of the many volunteers churning its mission that it continues to thrive. I would like to highlight three groups that are doing unique work to serve you now and into the future.
Power Up Your Promotion with Power Up Your Pollinators!
This issue debut your Power Up Your Pollinator marketing kit, which is accessible to all businesses, and includes graphics, stickers, signage, and messaging, that is easy to integrate into your current marketing efforts throughout the year. Helping to bolster this message, WSNLA will be investing advertising dollars over the next two years driving customers and clients to your business via a PowerUpYourPollinators landing page on GardenWashington.com. Learn more about your marketing toolkit and how your nursery or landscape business can leverage this industry advertising on page 10. The WSNLA Pollinator Task Force has been working behind the scenes directing this awesome new marketing kit. I would be amiss without mentioning all the people that have had a hand in making this project happen. Beginning with Colleen Miko, CPH, who volunteered to serve on the WSDA Pollinator Task Force. Colleen was integral in helping to develop the overall concept and formalize the grant, which was ultimately funded by the WSDA Specialty Crop Block Grant program. Upon launching the project, a task force provided input to Rusty George Creative to shape marketing messaging and provide a needs assessment ensuring marketing tools relevant for the industry. The task force was comprised of Aimee Damman (Swansons Nursery), Nicole Phillips (Sunnyside Nursery), James Raebel (Magnolia Garden Center), Trevor Cameron (Sunnyside Nursery), and Justin Robbins (Valley Nursery). A special thank you to Amiee and Nicole who continued to provide industry specific marketing expertise to Rusty George Creative throughout the development process. Watch for an email to learn more about accessing your Power Up Your Pollinators marketing toolkit.
Plant Your Career in Horticulture
Earlier this year, the work of the Promoting Careers in Horticulture task force, including Katie Miller (Skagit Horticulture/Skagit Gardens), Candice Snedeker (T&L Nursery), Jami Burke (Walwrath Landscape Supply) and Kirsten Lints, CPH (Gardens ALIVE Design), was highlighted as they conducted outreach to horticulture programs and attended career events throughout Washington. Over the summer their work has continued in the form of filming videos. Camera’s followed three individuals, from different sectors of the industry, highlighting ‘a days work’, including: Adam Attaway, head grower at T&L Nursery, Aaron Means, the tree & shrub buyer at Watson’s Nursery & Greenhouse and Anju Nielju, CPH, designer and owner of Bhumi Designs. Board Service is Fulfilling & Meaningful To ensure WSNLA governance continues to serve its members at the highest level and with relevancy, the WSNLA Executive Committee, which includes Katie Miller (Skagit Horticulture/Skagit Gardens), Trevor Cameron (Sunnyside Nursery), Kirsten Lints, CPH (Gardens ALIVE Design), and Megan Pulkkinen, CPH, EPC, is conducting a governance review. This work includes reviewing WSNLA board structure and bylaws to keep with industry standards and make recommendations, if needed. If recommendations do arise, they will be presented to the Board of Directors for a consensus vote. If a consensus is met, any proposed changes or updates will be presented for a full vote of the WSNLA membership. Call for Board Nominations This Is YOUR Association!! If not you… then who? As we head into the Fall season, now is the time to submit your nominations for Board members. Look around at your peers – who do think would be great at the helm of this Association with the mission to protect, to promote and to educate the horticulture community. There’s no better time like the present. I have had the pleasure of working with a variety of Board leaders over the years - some of which are listed in the gray box on the opposite page. Each one has brought a different perspective, skillset, and personality… diversity in thought and experience making the sum so much greater and stronger. Whether you are nominating a peer or interested in serving yourself, if you are an owner or decisionmaker at a WSNLA member business, we want to hear from you.
PLANTS. PASSION. PEOPLE. Working together to protect, promote & educate our horiculture community! Join Today | WSNLA.ORG
WSNLA
Washington State Nursery & Landscape Association
& Advocating for Member Businesses 1 Protecting & the Washington Nursery & Lndscape Industry Professionalism & Developing Future 2 Cultivating Professionals
Awareness of the Benefits of Plants, 3 Increasing Trees & Value of Landscapes
JOIN WSNLA TODAY!
Washington State Nursery & Landscape Association - 7
Legislative Update Protecting & Advocating for Your Business
WSNLA’s business membership includes a diverse community of large and small growers, garden centers, landscape professionals and suppliers. It is the intent of WSNLA Board of Directors to ensure legislative activities focus in on overarching WSNLA member needs, while effectively balancing the diversity in business scale and location. To that extent, the following priorities have been identified, with member input, to guide and strengthen WSNLA legislative and regulatory activities throughout the State.
WASHINGTON STATE NURSERY & LANDSCAPE ASSOCIATION LEGISLATIVE PRIORITIES
Washington Nursery and Landscape Association supports stewardship of the land and the plants and trees that grow upon it. Our priorities include: • Promoting a positive business climate for growing and marketing plants and landscape services. • Protecting our industry from burdensome regulation, taxes and fees. • Working in a bipartisan manner and focusing on results. • Ensuring policies are reasonable and based on sound science. WSNLA will coordinate with other affiliated professional organizations to support our members on agricultural and environmental issues such as: • Water availability, management & quality • Urban planning and the inclusion of green spaces • Pesticide regulation • Open space taxation On general business issues, WSNLA will focus on impact to members. Such issues include but are not limited to: • Labor: availability, training, minimum wage, workers comp, health care, benefits • Simplifying business regulation including streamlining local jurisdiction business licensing • Taxes 8 - The B&B Magazine
Jesse Taylor Taylor Consulting, LLC WSNLA Lobbyist From irrigation to rainfall, the big issue on everybody’s minds this summer has been water. So where do we stand? On July 5th the Washington State Department of Ecology issued a Drought Advisory across the state. A state agency advisory is an order of guidance and not command. The guidance order explains common and easy conservation methods but is NOT a drought declaration. Ecology then followed up on July 24th with an order of Drought Emergency within twelve Water Resource Inventory Area’s (or WRIA’s) both East and West of the Cascades. There are 62 total WRIA’s in the state. The counties include: Clallam, Jefferson, Island, Whatcom, Skagit, Snohomish, Kittitas, Yakima, Benton, Walla Walla, Columbia and Okanogan.
Fast facts:
Ø Average snowpack in most watersheds this year was on average 111% of normal. Ø The state received about 50 percent of its normal precipitation during the 60 days between April 29th and June 27th Ø Seasonal water supply forecasts indicate the state will experience below normal runoff (median forecast of 85 percent of normal) from April to September, with individual station forecasts ranging from 62 to 136 percent of normal (Northwest River Forecast Center: June 30 forecast) Ø Tacoma Water (which includes Covington, Kent, Lakewood and Tacoma) is sitting at 92% storage capacity and expects no delay or interruption in domestic and commercial water supply this year. According to the department of Ecology, in Washington a drought is declared when there is less than 75% of normal water supply and there is the risk of undue hardship. Declaring a drought emergency allows Ecology to process emergency water right permits and transfers. New legislation passed this spring also makes $3 million in
emergency drought funds available as grants to support communities, irrigation districts, Tribes and other public entities facing hardships.
Dams/Salmon Update
This summer has seen the Snake River Dam congressional hearings with the last one taking place on June 27th in Richland. Congressional members Cathy McMorris Rodgers and Dan Newhouse testified in the committee to the importance of the dams to the economy of the Pacific Northwest. Some of the testimony included the fact that the four Lower Snake River dams helped transform Eastern and Central Washington from dry, barren land to one of the most productive agricultural regions in the world. Together, these dams also generate over 1,000 megawatts on average, which is enough to power over 800,000 homes. Not to mention the commercial water supply provided by the lower four dams. Salmon runs have been steady through the Bonneville Dam fish counting system with 90-year high in Sockeye returns in 2022 and 2023 has been a robust Chinook run. This year the Spring Chinook return was 135% of the ten-year running average while Summer Chinook has seen a return of 121% of the ten-year running average. On July 25th several conservation groups announced a lawsuit against the federal government suing to remove the lower four dams. The groups include Columbia Riverkeeper, Idaho Rivers United, Idaho Conservation League, and the Northwest Sport Fishing Industry Association. This is very early in the process with the actual suit still to be filed, but we will stay apprised of this as it moves its way through the system. As always, I am available for questions regarding anything you might learn through industry publications, industry meetings or the news. My email is jesse@wsnla.org.
Advocacy Committee
Help protect the interests of your business and industry against unnecessary regulations and legislation, by: 1) Review and analyze legislative and regulatory issues, as needed, assessing and providing guidance on possible impact of the horticulture industry. 2) Participate in Bi-Annual Advocacy Meetings (held virtually). 3) Help conduct outreach to impacted businesses, when necessary. . Contact Breanne Chavez, breanne@ wsnla.org
sales@urbanforestnursery.com
Washington State Nursery & Landscape Association - 9
Power up your customer’s gardens with plants and practices that attract and nurture local bees, butterflies and other pollinators. Save the day by educating them on how to enrich pollinator habitat, allowing them to do their part in powering up our planet. Meet Your Pollinator Task Force
WSNLA is excited to announce the creation of the Power Up Your Pollinators Marketing Kit, funded through the WSDA Specialty Crop Block grant program. The kit is free to all nursery and landscape members and provides resources and practical tips to transform customer backyards and gardens into pollinator-friendly havens. You can use the marketing kit to engage gardeners in protecting and encouraging pollinators, simplify consumer decision-making when purchasing plants for pollinators, and to increase sales of plants for pollinators and landscape services. A variety of ‘tools’ are available, making it easy to integrate into your marketing efforts, including:
The Power Up Your Pollinator Marketing Kit was created in collaboration with your WSNLA task force and Rusty George Creative. Thank you for our Task force leads who guided development throughout the process, and to our contributors who provided input, as needed.
Task Force Leads
(left) Aimee Damman, Swansons Nursery (right) Nicole Phillips, Sunnyside Nursery
Contributors
James Raebel, Magnolia Garden Center Justin Robbins, Valley Nursery Trevor Cameron, Sunnyside Nursery Kathyrn Buckley, WSDA 10 - The B&B Magazine
• Social media graphics and campaign messaging. • Infographic, which can be used in its entirety or broken out into separate graphics. • Video content to use on your social channels, website, or eNews. • Stickers to hand out to customers and clients. • Point-of-sale signage to bring attention to plants for specific to our pollintor heros. • Campaign brand book providing recommendations and guidelines for use. WSNLA will support members in marketing efforts by launching an overarching advertising campaign in 2024, focused on: • Educating and informing through social media and advertising. • Working to better connect Washington consumers with nurseries and landscapers they can work with to create a better environment for pollinators. • Power Up Your Pollinator themed garden space at the NW Flower & Garden Festival. • And, delivering education and training for industry professionals. Watch your email inbox to learn more about how to access your Power Up Your Pollinator Marketing Kit.
Washington State Nursery & Landscape Association - 11
Power Up Your Pollinators Marketing Kit What’s Inside Your Toolbox?
Social Media Collection Social media content is available to use on your preferred social platform, including campaign messaging to incorporate into your social posts with suggested hashtags. This content is truly ‘evergreen’ and can be repopulated throughout the year to continue to bring attention to plants and practices that support pollinators each season.
Point of Sale Signage Whether you use in a merchandised display or attach to current signage with velcro or other adhesive, signage is available to help make your customer’s decision-making easy. A variety of formats will be available, both as finished signage and digital files, for flexibility to adapt to your needs.
Sticker Collection
Vinyl, weather-friendly, stickers to share with your customers and clients for their water bottles, laptops, vehicles and other spaces. Stickers appeal to all ages, so whether you share them with school age kids or older customers, stickers are one of the most versatile marketing tools out there. Stickers can be thought of as mini billboards, giving people an opportunity to take notice outside of the usual context, attracting ongoing attention of the campaign messaging.
Bee A Hero VidEO Bee A Hero and plan, plant & pollinate! The campaign video encourages consumers to take action by visiting PowerUpYourPollinators.com to to connect with local nurseries, garden centers or landscape companies. A resource page will also be available for site visitors. If you have pollinator resources and would like them linked on the page, please let us know. 12 - The B&B Magazine
Power Up Your Visibility on GardenWashington.com
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Digital Graphics Digital grahpics, and templates, that can be used for ads, on your website, in your eNewsletters or blogs to connect customers with deeper resources on your website or with PowerUpYourPollinators.com.
Leverage Industry Advertising as a Featured Business on GardenWashington & the Power Up Your Pollinator Landing Page Cost: $500 annually. 4 spots available.
As a featured business, you are highlighted prominently on the GardenWashington homepage and on the Power Up Your Pollinators landing page for 12-months. Featured businesses will also receive two social media posts, scheduled at a time of your choice, putting your brand or event in focus and helping to drive traffic to your business. Make it easy for customers to find your business by ensuring your nursery or landscape company is the first thing site visitors see! Contact Breanne, WSNLA Executive Director at breanne@wsnla.org to learn more or to reserve your spot.
GRAPHICS
Logo Collection Because there are so many unique ways to use these fun logos we want to make it easy for you! So, whether you are using it for signage, your website or a powerpoint for a workshop or training at your nursery or garden event, a variety of digital formats will be available to select from. A campaign brand book is available providing guidelines and suggestion for use.
Share Your Blog & Resources!!
We know that many of you have blogs and pollinator resources. As a member, your blogs are included in the GardenWashington.com, and your pollinator resources can be included on the Pollinator Resource page. Please email Breanne at breanne@ wsnla.org with a link to what you would like included. Washington State Nursery & Landscape Association - 13
Protecting & Encouraging Pollinators:
Pollinator Posts Promote Purposeful Plants + Profit
WSNLA Members feature pollinators in social posts educating their customers on plants, practices & purpose helping to bring awareness that caring for our pollinators is for all seasons.
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Native & Non-Native Plants Attract Diverse Bees to Urban Gardens In California Gordon Frankie, University of California, Berkeley; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management Ingrid Feng, University of California, Berkeley; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management Robbin Thorp, University of California, Davis, Department of Entomology Jaime Pawelek, University of California, Berkeley, College of Natural Resources Marissa Helene Chase, University of California, Berkeley; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management Christopher C. Jadallah, University of California, Berkeley; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management Mark Rizzardi, Humboldt State University, Department of Mathematics and Statistics Our survey research indicates that incorporating both native and nonnative ornamental plants into habitat gardens may be beneficial by providing more diverse habitat for bees in urban areas. This supports the larger concept that non-native species can provide conservation benefits by providing food and habitat for native species as well as providing desirable ecosystem functions (Schlaepfer et al. 2011). A prevailing attitude amongst many urban gardeners with whom we work is that native plant gardening is a “best practice” for habitat gardening, leading many to work exclusively with natives. There are, of course, many benefits to native plant gardening as native plants are often well-adapted to local climates and provide food and shelter to wildlife (Tallamay 2009). Gardening with select non-native plants, however, can supplement floral resources to support more diverse bee populations. Bees require flowers for both nectar and pollen, and many bee species are 16 - The B&B Magazine
generalists in their choice of plants. Incorporating native and non-native plant types into a bee garden can increase the total number of bee species found there. Of the 229 bee species found visiting the 34 plant types in this study, 52 bee species were recorded only from non-native plants (Table 1). Plants having the most consistent bee species visiting them were Lavandula spp. + cvs with 29 bee species visitors, Nepeta spp. + cvs with 25 bee species visitors, Aster xfrikartii with 20 bee species visitors, and Ceanothus spp. + cvs also with 20 bee species visitors (Table 3). These first 3 plants are all non-native, followed by the native Ceanothus spp. + cvs (Table 2). Tepedino et al. (2008) assessed which bee species were visiting 10 selected plant taxa (7 native, 3 invasive) in Capitol Reef National Park, Utah and reached similar conclusions. They found that non-native plant species had as many or more native bee species and individuals
as did native plant species, and thus played an important role in increasing the Park’s native bee carrying capacity. Their study focused on a wildland habitat and weedy plants, whereas the current study focused on urban habitats and installed ornamental plants. Both have important conservation implications regarding the design of pollinator habitats. Beyond increasing overall species abundance, another reason for incorporating non-native plants into a bee garden is that they may extend a garden’s flowering time, thus providing more resources for bees later in the year and possibly attracting new bee species. Many non-alpine California native plants typically bloom earlier in the year as a result of the region’s Mediterranean climate, in which wet winters encourage flowering in the spring and early summer months before the dry summer sets in. Of the plants highlighted in this study, there are more non-native taxa in bloom
May 2019 TABLE 1:
Our survey research indicates that incorporating both native & non-native ornamental plants into habitat gardens may be beneficial by providing more diverse habitat for bees in urban areas. later in the season (summer/ fall) compared to earlier in the season (winter/spring) (see Figs. 3 and 4). A study conducted in the UK recorded a similar pattern: non-native plants extended the flowering season (Salisbury 2015). Tepedino et al. (2008) noted that non-native plants have actually increased wildland native bee carrying capacity in Capitol Reef National Park potentially because they filled in a mid-summer gap in floral resources. Although percentages calculated from our study (16.7% of the plants in flower in February are non-native, and 86% are non-native in October) would only be valid of a garden made up of our highlighted 34 plant types. A study conducted in Poznan, Poland by Banaszak-Cibicka & Zmihorski (2011) demonstrated that presence of a bee species in an urban area depends on the species’ flight season and phenologies of the area’s floral resources. This study found that the recorded low numbers of early spring bees in the urban area was “likely due to a lack of appropriate floral resources during flight times of these bees.” Providing floral resources for the entire duration of the bee season (mid-December through October) Continued on th e next page.
NATIVE AND NON-NATIVE BEE PLANTS
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Number of native and non-native (in parentheses) bee species visiting native and non-native plant types in survey.
Visit Native Plants Only
Visit Non-native Plants Only
Visit Native and NonNative Plants
Totals
Number of Bee Species
71(0)
52(0)
101(5)
229
Number of Bee Genera
6(0)
3(0)
32(1)
42
TABLE 2: Native and non-native bee species and genera recorded from native plants. Number in parentheses represents consistent bee taxa for which there were three specimens recorded from the plant type in at least two different years.
Native Plant Type
Total Native Bee Species
Total Non-Native Bee Species
Total Bee Genera
20
RANKIE ET AL. J Poll Ecol 25(3) Achillea millefolium L. 18F(4) 1 (0) 10 (2) Arctostaphylos spp. + cvs.1 16 (5) 0 (0) 8 (3) Berberis 6 (3) Table 3 lists nevinii non-native plant types from which native10 and(3) Comparing the0 (0) non-native Salvia chamaedryoides and the non-native bee species native Salvia clevelandii illustrated this phenomenon (Table Ceanothus spp. +were cvs.2collected. As with the native 51 (20) 0 (0) 12 (7) plants, native species were common on non-native plants. 4). Salvia chamaedryoides attracted 8 bee species, and S. Enceliabeecalifornica Nutt. 30 (8) 0 (0) 16 (6) In contrast to native plants in Table 2, there were substantially clevelandii also attracted 8 bee species. Together, they Erigeron glaucus + cvs.3 34 (9) 2 (1) 18 (8) more non-native bee species visiting non-native plants attracted 12 bee species. Planting S. chamaedryoides with S. Eriogonum 22 (7) 1 (0) compared to native fasciculatum plants (TableBenth 2). Sixteen of the 19 nonclevelandii could invite an additional four 12 bee(5) species that do native plants (84%) attracted non-native nine not visit S. clevelandii overall Eschscholzia californica Cham. bee species, and42 (17) 0 (0) into a garden, thus15increasing (7) of the 16Grindelia had consistent visitors. pollinator diversity. hirsutula Hook & Arn 16 (5) 1 (0) 12 (4) A plant type’s annuus status L. as native or non-native did 15 not(7) Comparing0blooming activity of 19 non-native Helianthus (0) 10 (4) with that indicate how many bee species it can attract. For example, the of 15 native plant types illustrate similarities. Ranges of Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth 54 (16) 3 (0) 20 (12) native Phacelia tanacetifolia, Ceanothus spp. + cvs, and flowering periods were 3-8 months and 3-12 months, Salviacalifornica clevelandiiattracted (A. Gray)57, Greene 8 (2) (2) months for Eschscholzia 51, and 41 bee species respectively, for0 (0) natives versus non-natives6(3-8 SalviaThe leucophylla Greene 19 (3) 0 (0) of Erigeron karvinskianus 11 (2))is excluded). respectively. non-native Lavandula spp. + cvs., Nepeta both if the 12 months spp + cvs., andmellifera Aster x Greene frikartii attracted 53, 52, and 4332 bee(7) Average flowering periods were also similar,154.8 Salvia 1 (1) (5)+/- SD 1.52 species respectively (Tables 2 & 3). months for natives and 5.1 +/- SD 2.12 months for nonSolidago californica Nutt 34 (11) 2 (1) 18 (5) Native and non-native plant types often attracted different natives. Non-native plants bloom later and longer in the year 1. Arctostaphylos Arctostaphylos hookeriorG. Don, Arctostaphylos ‘Dr.plants Hurd’,(Figs. Arctostaphylos Nutt.,ofArctostaphylos bee taxa. Based densiflora on years M.S. of Baker, extensive bee visitation than native 3 and 4).pumila The ratio non-native tosp. thyrsiflorus ‘Skylark’, Ceanothus thyrsiflorus Phelps’, ‘Marie Sim.’, Ceanothus ‘Calprogresses. Poly’, Ceanothus 2. Ceanothus frequency counts in California, most urban bee Eshsch. plants , Ceanothus ‘Julia native plantsCeanothus in flower increased as the year In ‘Ray Hartman’, Ceanothus ‘Snow Flurry’, Ceanothus ‘Sierra Blue’, Ceanothus ‘Mountain Haze’, Ceanothus ‘Wheeler Canyon’, Ceanothus ‘Frosty Blue’, attracted certain predictable taxonomic groups and rarely February, only 16.7% of the plants in flower were non-native. Ceanothus ‘ Dark Star’, Ceanothus ‘thyrsiflorus ‘Serra Snow’, Ceanothus hearstiorum Hoover & J.B. Roof, Ceanothus gloriosus J.T. Howell, Ceanothus others (Frankie et al., 2009a, 2014; see also Frankie et al. In June, 61% were non-native, and in October, 86% of the griseus (Trel.) McMinn, Ceanothus maritimus Hoover., Ceanothus oliganthus Nutt, Ceanothus ‘Gentian plume’, Ceanothus ‘Bee’s Bliss’, Ceanothus 2013 for similar findings in Costa Rica). There were some flowering plants were non-native with only 14% of flowering sp. variations thisKer generalization, hundreds counts , Erigeron glaucus plants‘Bountiful’ being native. 3. Erigeronwith glaucus Gawl., Erigeronbut glaucus ‘WayneofRoderick’ made over multiple years support this generalization.
and Perdita and Perdita sp. were only found TABLE 3: Native and non-native bee species and genera recorded from non-native plants.. Calliopsis Number in sp. parentheses represents “consistent” bee were at least three specimens recorded in at least two different visiting taxa for which there years. the native Eschscholzia californica. Chelostoma sp. We identified 229 bee species and 42 genera visiting our Non-Native Plant Type Total Native Bee Species selection of 15 native and 19 non-native plant types in urban (Consistent Species) areasAster (Table 1 and Appendix I). Of the 229 species, 71 were x frikartii 40 (17) fromBidens only native host plants; 52 were from only non-native aurea (Aiton) Sherff 22 (8) host plants; and 106 were from both native and non-native Calendula sp. 16 (4) hosts. Five of the 106 were non-native bee species. Of the 42 Coreopsis cvs. native plants; three were33from (12)only genera, six werespp. from+ only Cosmoshosts; bipinnatus Cav. (8)nonnon-native and 33 were from both native31 and native host flowers. Only Cosmos sulphureus Cav.one non-native bee species 9 (2) was recorded for both native and non-native hosts (Table 1). Echium candicans L.f. 18 (5) Cleptoparasitic bees were treated as potential pollinators as Erigeron karvinskianus Dc. (4) on many or most individuals carry small amounts of29 pollen + cvs.have the potential to pollinate 26 (8) theirGaillardia bodies andspp. thereby at low levels. Lavandula spp. + cvs. 51 (29) The six purpurea bee genera(L.) found Linaria Mill.visiting only native plants 20 (4)were Calliopsis , Chelostoma, Conanthalictus, Melecta, Panurginus, Nepeta spp. + cvs. 49 (23) Penstemon spp. + cvs. 34 (9) Perovskia atriplicifolia Benth. 26 (13) Rosmarinus officinalis + cvs. 27 (9) Rudbeckia hirta + cvs. 22 (5) Salvia chamaedryoides 9 (2) Salvia uliginosa 28 (9) Vitex agnus-castus L. 37 (17) 1
2
3
4
5, 6
7
8
and Conanthalictus sp. were found visiting only the native Totaltanacetifolia Non-Native Total Genera Phacelia . Melecta sp. wasBee found visiting only the Bee Species (Consistent Genera) native 3Salvia (3) mellifera. Panurginus 22spp. (11)was found visiting the (Consistent Species) natives Ceanothus spp. + cvs. and Phacelia tanacetifolia. The (2) found only visiting 15 (7) three 2genera non-native plants were 2 (0) Dolichostelis and 8Epeolus (2) . Anthophorula sp. Anthophorula, was collected 2 (2) only from Penstemon 16 spp. (7) + cvs, Dolichostelis sp. was collected only from Rosmarinus officinalis, and 1 (0) 13 (6) Epeolus sp. was collected only from Erigeron karvinskianus. 1 (0) 7 (2) Table 2 lists native plant types from which native and 0 (0) 12 (4) non-native bee species were collected. Native bee species were 2 (2) 17 (5)Only seven of the 15 common, as expected, on native plants. native plant a few 0 (0) types (47%) attracted14 (6) non-native bees, with a low number Only three of the seven 2 (0) of consistent species. 21 (13) non-natives were recorded in this group. 2 (2) 11 (4) 3 (2) 21 (13) 0 (0) 15 (7) 2 (1) 16 (9) 2 (1) 19 (7) 1 (0) 16 (5) 1 (0) 7 (2) 1 (0) 15 (8) 2 (1) 16 (11)
1. Coreopsis verticillata L., Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg, ex Sweet, Coreopsis sp., Coreopsis ‘’Sunray’, Coreopsis ‘Domin’, Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt, Coreopsis ‘Nana’, Coreopsis ‘Sunny Day’, Coreopsis ‘Flying Saucers’, Coreopsis lanceolata L., Coreopsis auriculata L. 2. Gaillardia sp., Gaillardia aristata Pursh, Gaillardia x grandiflora, Gaillardia x grandiflora ‘Oranges & Lemons’, 3. Lavandula sp., Lavandula heterophylla, Lavandula ‘Provence’, Lavandula dentata. var. Candicans L.; Lavandula stoechas L., Lavandula ‘Helmsdale’ 4. Nepeta sp., Nepeta tuberosa, Nepeta x faassenii, Nepeta ‘Six Hills Giant’, Nepeta grandiflora M. Bieb, 5. Penstemon sp., Penstemon ‘Midnight,’ Penstemon parryi (A. Gray) A. Gray 6. This list excludes the Penstemon spp. that are native to California. 7. Rosmarinus officinalis L., Rosmarinus officinalis ‘Lockwood de Forest’ 8. Rudbeckia hirta L., Rudbeckia hirta ‘Indian Summer’
Washington State Nursery & Landscape Association - 17
Bees visit native and non-native plant species for pollen and nectar resources in urban, agricultural, and wildland environments. Results of an extensive survey of bee-flower collection records from 10 California cities from 2005-2011 were used to examine host-plant records of native and non-native ornamental plants to diverse native and non-native bee species; five cities were from northern California and five were from southern California. A total of 7,659 bees and their floral host plants were examined. Of these, 179 were Apis mellifera and 7,390 were non-Apis. Only four other non-native species (all in Megachilidae) were recorded in the survey, and together they accounted for 402 individuals. These bees have been databased in preparation for deposition in the University of California-Berkeley Essig Museum of Entomology. We identified 229 bee species and 42 genera visiting native and non-native plant types in urban areas. Of the 229 species, 71 bee species were collected from only native plants; 52 were collected from only non-native host plants; and 106 were collected from both types of plants. Native bee species were common on native plants and non-native plants, but there were substantially more non-native bee species visiting non-native plants compared to native plants. Flowering periods in months were similar for both types of plants, but nonnatives tended to flower later in the year. We propose that using native and non-native plants improves habitat gardening by increasing opportunities for attracting a richer diversity of bee species and for longer periods. Knowing basic bee-flower relationships in an area is key to planning a bee habitat garden with a variety of plant types, regardless of their geographic origin. 18 - The B&B Magazine
The key is knowing basic relationships between bees & their preferred plants in an area, and then acting accordingly on these relationships to construct gardens to support them. When we construct bee habitat gardens in urban & agricultural areas, our focus is on plants that bees prefer for pollen & nectar & not on whether the plants are native or non-native. in California is an important factor to consider when planning a bee habitat garden. Many bee species only have a single generation per year and, are active as adults for only a short period (e.g. Melissodes robustior). Other species are multi-generational, having a longer flight season as adults,as they will emerge from their nest cavities at multiple points throughout the year (e.g. Agapostemon texanus). Some species are social and also have a long flight season as their colonies are active throughout the year (e.g. Bombus vosnesenskii). Plants that flower later in the season are important resources for not only single-generation bees that are active in either the summer and fall, but multigeneration bees and social bees, too, such as honey bees. Supporting diverse bee populations via habitat gardening can be an important tool in larger conservation work involving native bees. Urban areas can act as refuges for bee diversity (Hall et al. 2016). California’s 1,600 native bee species have coevolved with California’s 6,000+ flowering plant species, forming a relationship that is integral to ecosystem health and the state’s natural resource heritage. Furthermore, urban landscape gardens can be ideal sites for long-term pollinator monitoring because they are usually intensively managed, and usually provide more consistent floral resources than wild landscapes where floral resource availability may be limited by factors such as drought, and even fire. Urban areas can even serve as genetic reserves for pollinators and other species that are beneficial for humans, some of them undoubtedly being a resource for the pollination of agricultural crops (Owen 1991; Frankie et al. in press). Bees in urban environments can also be subjects of environmental education, offer
aesthetic pleasure, and pollinate garden plants (both edible and non-edible)
(Mader et al. 2011; Frankie et al. 2014; Embry 2018; Hanson 2018).
We have presented evidence from our years of field collections and observations on bees and their host flowers that native and non-native plants, when grown together, in a garden can support native bees. The key is knowing basic relationships between bees and their preferred plants in an area, and then acting accordingly on these relationships to construct gardens to support them. When we construct bee habitat gardens in urban and agricultural areas, our focus is on plants that bees prefer for pollen and nectar and not on whether the plants are native or non-native. This knowledge has been useful for designing urban habitat gardens where the emphasis is usually on achieving high species diversity and abundance (Frankie et al. 2009b; Jaime et al. 2009).
Knowing basic relationships can also extend into agricultural areas, where we have used them in northern and southern California studies to attract native bees to crop flowers (Frankie et al., in press). We have used this knowledge for constructing native bee habitat gardens in hedgerow plantings where we first begin by overstocking the rows with a wide variety of plants known to attract a generally wide diversity of bees.After a year or more of monitoring, we select plants that attract bees that are also visiting and pollinating crop flowers and focus on installing these plants, and at the same time reducing plant types that were not supporting bees that pollinate crop flowers. Selecting plants to be used for target bee species does not involve determining origins of the plants. Read the complete research report at: https://pollinationecology.org/index.php/ jpe/article/view/505
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Washington State Nursery & Landscape Association - 19
Industry News Farwest Show judges choose Variegated Frydek Elephant Ear as Best in Show at New Varieties Showcase Variegated Frydek Elephant Ear (Alocasia micholitziana ‘Frydek Variegata’) was chosen by professional judges as the Best in Show winner in the 2023 Farwest Show’s New Varieties Showcase. The plant, discovered in the Philippines, was introduced by Andrej Suske and Cascade Tropicals LLC based in Snohomish, Washington, is one of 59 outstanding new selections on display at the 2023 Farwest Show and available from at least one show exhibitor. This variegated elephant ear is a sought-after form of ‘Frydek’, for its unique variegation on velvety, soft foliage. Its mature leaves can get up to 18 inches long. It grows to 3 feet wide by 3 feet tall, and is hardy to zones 10a–12. It is available as 2-inch and 4-inch containers from Cascade Tropicals LLC. In addition of the Best of Show award, judges gave Awards of Merit as follows:
WSDA receives $4.8 million in Specialty Crop Block Grant funds
Specialty crop grants have aided in revolutionizing agriculture, with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) again awarding Washington state nearly $5 million to support specialty crops in 2023. The Washington State Department of Agriculture (WSDA) received the grant to fund 21 projects. Among the projects is more than $249,000 in funding for the Washington State Tree Fruit Association (WSTFA). The WSTFA, in collaboration with the Washington State Department of Agriculture’s Technical Services and Education Program (TSEP) and Washington State University (WSU), created the Agricultural Leadership Program (ALP), a comprehensive leadership program developed to enhance the leadership skills of farm owners, supervisors, and managers. This project will expand ALP to the entire agricultural industry due to the high interest expressed by other specialty crop groups in the state. The WSTFA and partners will identify individuals with training abilities, knowledge, and experience of Washington’s agriculture, to prepare them to become bilingual trainers that can deliver industry-relevant leadership topics to farm owners, supervisors, and managers for the ALP. Additional funded projects focus on areas such as research, marketing, and training and education. WSDA selected the projects through a competitive two-phase process. The projects include efforts to control pests and diseases, improve food safety and minimize recalls, train and educate growers and food processors, improve innovative technologies, and market specialty crops. The award continues nearly two-decades of history of USDA support for Washington specialty-crops. Requests for proposals for the 2024 grant cycle will be available in late September at agr.wa.gov/grants. 20 - The B&B Magazine
Double Scoop™ Watermelon Deluxe Coneflower (Echinacea × hybrida, ‘Balscmelux’ PPAF, hybridized by Ping Ren in Elburn, Illinois, and introduced by Darwin Perennials. These new deluxe varieties bring the branching, flower count and timing of the Sombrero® Series to Double Scoop. They are more compact with better branching and a higher flower count than the typical double-flowered Echinacea, and have more reliable first-year flowering. Grows to 22–24 inches tall and 18–20 inches wide. Hardy to Zones 4a-9b. The plant is available as liners from Ball Seed Company. Banana Split® Winter Daphne (Daphne odora ‘Monzulzay’ PP35217), discovered by Cesar Velazquez and introduced by Monrovia Nursery Company. Banana Split is an exceptional new selection
with variegated foliage. Each leaf has a wide yellow edge. Rose-pink buds open to white, sweetly fragrant flowers. It is a great foundation plant in dappled shade that resists reversion compared to other variegated daphne varieties. It grows to 3–4 feet wide by 3–4 feet tall and is hardy to Zone 7a. The plant is available as #2 containers from Monrovia Nursery Company. Peppermint Patty Heartleaf Bergenia or Pigsqueak (Bergenia cordifolia ‘Peppermint Patty’ PPAF CPBRAF), hybridized by Hans Hansen at Walters Gardens in Zeeland, Michigan and introduced by Walters Gardens/Proven Winners. It offers a very unique look for Bergenia, with white flowers that have a pink throat with color radiating down each petal. The petals are then edged
with a matching thin pink picotee margin. Individual flowers are above average in size at 1¼ inches wide. Its flower stems are bright rose pink before transitioning to green near the base. Wavy, serrated leaves have extra heavy substance with prickly, toothed edges. It grows up to 22 inches tall and 16–18 inches wide, and is hardy to zones 4a-9b it is available as 72 ct. and 20 ct. plugs from Proven Winners/ Walters Garden.
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Washington State Nursery & Landscape Association - 21
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