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The Pandemic Phenomenon Author: Alyssa Hyman

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p.4-5

Designing Spaces Around Diseases Author: Zoe Dolinsky

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p.6-7

The Blast Only Exposed A Bigger Problem: A Timeline of Lebanon’s Struggling Healthcare Author: Jihoon Kiel

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p.8-9

The State of Abortion Clinics During the Pandemic Author: Ayda Oktem

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p.10-11

The Future Course of Pandemics Author: Neha Adari

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p.12-14

From Cowpox to COVID-19: A Brief Overview of Vaccination Author: Gina Wiste

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p.15-16

Can Money Buy Happiness? A Look at UBI and Mental Health Author: Carsen Codel

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p.17-18

In Support of Revitalizing Health Author: Alexandra Dram

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p.19-21

The Political Reality of “Curing” Cancer Author: Meher Arora

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p.22-23

So You Want To Be A Centenarian?: A Look into the World’s Longest-Living Populations Author: Maya Patel

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p.24-25

Could Vaccines Really Solve the Pandemic? Author: Kimberly Hwang

[1] APM Research Lab Staff. (2020, October 15). COVID-19 deaths analyzed by race and ethnicity. Retrieved October 28, 2020, from https://www.apmresearchlab.org/covid/ deaths-by-race [2] Gallagher, J. (2020, October 27). Coronavirus vaccine: When will we have one? Retrieved October 28, 2020, from https://www.bbc.com/news/health-51665497 [3] Harvard Health Publishing. (2020). Treatments for COVID-19. Retrieved October 28, 2020, from https://www. health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/treatmentsfor-covid-19 [4] Herald & Review Staff. (2020, October 20). COVID-19: The politicization of a vaccine. Retrieved October 28, 2020, from https://herald-review.com/news/national/ covid-19-the-politicization-of-a-vaccine/video_4f4c42f8221e-52a2-86be-2a64a87b16a5.html [5] MacMillan, C. (2020, June 02). Ventilators and COVID-19: What You Need to Know. Retrieved October 28, 2020, from https://www.yalemedicine.org/stories/ventilators-covid-19/ [6] Silverman, E. (2020, October 19). Poll: Fewer Americans want a Covid-19 vaccine as soon as possible. Retrieved October 28, 2020, from https://www.statnews.com/pharmalot/2020/10/19/covid19-coronavirus-pandemic-vaccine-racial-disparities/ [7] Twohey, M. (2020, July 09). Who Gets a Vaccine First? U.S. Considers Race in Coronavirus Plans. Retrieved October 28, 2020, from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/09/ us/coronavirus-vaccine.html [8] Zimmer, C. (2020, October 12). First, a Vaccine Approval. Then ‘Chaos and Confusion.’ Retrieved October 28, 2020, from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/12/health/ covid-vaccines.html

p.26

Anti-Vaccination Sentiment in the Face of COVID-19 Author: Eileen Yang

[1] Corum, Jonathan. Wee, Sui-Lee. Zimmer, Carl. (2020, Oct. 15). Coronavirus Vaccine Tracker. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-vaccine-tracker.html [2] Cyranoski, David. Mallapaty, Smriti. (2020, Sept. 15). Scientists relieved as coronavirus vaccine trial restarts-but question lack of transparency. Retrieved from https:// www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02633-6 [3] Forkner-Dunn, June. (2003, May 15). Internet-based Patient Self-care: The Next Generation of Health Care Delivery. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ articles/PMC1550561/ [4] Hausman, Bernice. (2019, March 28). Stop telling anti-vaxxers they’re insane for questioning vaccines. Retrieved from https://www.inquirer.com/opinion/commentary/anti-vaccine-vaxxer-movement-parents-judgment-20190328.html [5] Health and Human Services (2020, Feb.) Vaccine Safety. Retrieved from https://www.vaccines.gov/basics/safety [6] Hussain, Azhar. (2018, Jul. 3) The Anti-vaccination Movement: A Regression in Modern Medicine. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC6122668/ [7] Lubrano, Alfred. (2019, Apr. 10). Anti-vaccine parents are often white, college-educated, ‘Whole Foods moms’. Retrieved from https://www.inquirer.com/news/middle-class-working-class-vaccine-anti-vaxxers-measlescdc-20190410.html [8] Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (1999, Apr. 1). Achievements in Public Health, 1900-1999 Impact of Vaccines Universally Recommended for Children -- United States, 1990-1998. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/ mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056803.htm [9] Plans-Rubio, Pedro (2012, Feb. 1). Evaluation of the establishment of herd immunity in the population by means of serological surveys and vaccination coverage. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22426372/ [10] Saad, Lydia. (2020, Oct. 13). Americans’ Readiness to Get COVID-19 Vaccine Falls to 50%. Retrieved from https:// news.gallup.com/poll/321839/readiness-covid-vaccinefalls-past-month.aspx [11] Wolfe, Robert M. (2002, Aug. 24). Anti-vaccinationists past and present. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1123944/ [12] World Health Organization. (2019, Mar. 21). Ten threats to global health in 2019. Retrieved from https://www.who. int/vietnam/news/feature-stories/detail/ten-threats-toglobal-health-in-2019

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The Weight of Quarantine: Impacts of COVID-19 Restrictions on Unhealthy Weight Gain and Obesity Author: Jason Zhang

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[6] Keel, P. K., Gomez, M. M., Harris, L., Kennedy, G. A., Ribeiro, J., & Joiner, T. E. (2020). Gaining “The Quarantine 15:” Perceived versus observed weight changes in college students in the wake of COVID-19. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 1-8. doi:10.1002/eat.23375 [7] Mattioli, A. V., Sciomer, S., Cocchi, C., Maffei, S., Gallina, S. (2020). Quarantine during COVID-19 outbreak: Changes in diet and physical activity increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, 30(9), 1409-1407. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2020.05.020 [8] Myers, C. A., & Broyles, S. T. (2020). Fast Food Patronage and Obesity Prevalence During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Alternative Explanation. Obesity, 28(10), 1796-1797. doi:10.1002/oby.22993 [9] Popkin, B. M., Du, S., Green, W. D., Beck, M. A., Algaith, T., Herbst, C. H.,...Shekar, M. (2020). Individuals with obesity and COVID-19: A global perspective on the epidemiology and biological relationships. Obesity Reviews, 21(11). doi:10.1111/obr.13128 [10] Ricci, F., Izzicupo, P., Moscucci, F., Sciomer, S., Maffei, S., DiBaldassarre, A.,...Gallina, S. (2020). Recommendations for Physical Inactivity and Sedentary Behavior During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic. Frontiers in Public Health. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00199 [11] Rundle, A. G., Park, Y., Herbstman, J. B., Kinsey, E. W., Wang, Y. C. (2020). COVID-19–Related School Closings and Risk of Weight Gain Among Children. Obesity, 28(6), 10081009. doi:10.1002/oby.22813 [12] VonHippel, P. T., & Workman, J. (2016). From Kindergarten Through Second Grade, U.S. Children’s Obesity Prevalence Grows Only During Summer Vacations. Obesity, 24(11), 2296-2300. doi:10.1002/oby.21613

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Herd Immunity: The Foolproof Solution to COVID-19 Author: Ricky Illidala

[1] Boland, B. (2020, June 15). What is herd immunity? Banner Health. https://www.banner health.com/healthcareblog/teach-me/what-is-herd-immunity [2] Brumfiel, G. (2020, July 24). Without a vaccine, researchers say, herd immunity may never be achieved. NPR: National Public Radio. https://www.npr.org/sections/ health -shots/2020/07/24/894148860/without-a-vaccineresearchers-say-herd-immunity-may-never-be-achieved [3] Delamater, P. L., Street, E. J., Leslie, T. F., Yang, Y., & Jacobsen, K. H. (2019). Complexity of the Basic Reproduction Number (R0). Emerging Infectious Diseases, 25(1), 1-4. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2501.171901 [4] Demarco, C. (2020, July 17). COVID-19 herd immunity: 7 questions, answered. MD Anderson Cancer Center. https://www.mdanderson.org/ cancerwise/what-is-covid-19- coronavirus-herd-immunity-when-will-we-achieve-herd-immunity.h00-159383523. html [5] Dong, E., Du, H., Gardner, L. (2020, January 23). An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time. Lancet Infect Dis. https://doi.org/10.1016/S14733099 (20)30120-1 [6] Kim, T. H., Johnstone, J., Loeb, M. (2011, May 23). Vaccine herd effect. Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases, 43(9), 683-689. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365548.2011. 582247 [7] Mandavilli, A. (2020, August 17). What if “herd immunity” is closer than scientists thought? The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/17/health/ coronavirus-herd-immunity.html [8] Mayo Clinic Staff (2020, October 7). COVID-19 (coronavirus): long-term effects. Mayo Clinic. https://www. mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/indepth/coronavirus -long-term-effects/art-20490351#:~:text=Blood%20clots%20and%20blood%20vessel%20 problems&text=Other%20organs%20affected%20by%20 blood,with%20the%20liver%20and%20kidneys. [9] Nathanson, N., Kew, O. M. (2010, October 26). From emergence to eradication: the epidemiology of poliomyelitis deconstructed. American journal of epidemiology, 172(11), 1213-1229. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwq320 [10] Stevens, H. (2000, August 7). A vaccine, or a spike in deaths: how America can build herd immunity to the coronavirus. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost. com/graphics/2020/health/coronavirus-herd-immunity-simulation-vaccine/

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Casual Cruelty: Pandemic profiteering in a failing healthcare system Author: Annie Feng

[1] Abelson, R. (2020, August 05). Major U.S. Health Insurers Report Big Profits, Benefiting From the Pandemic. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/05/ health/covid-insurance-profits.html [2] Abelson, R. (2020, October 03). Some Insurers End Pandemic Waivers of Fees and Deductibles for Telehealth. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/03/ health/covid-telemedicine-insurance.html [3] Khazan, O. (2020, October 6). Donald Trump’s Gold-Plated Health Care. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic. com/politics/archive/2020/10/president-trump-health-insurance-covid/616627/

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Utilizing Technology in the Age of Addiction Author: Haleigh Pine

[1] Patterson Silver Wolf, D. (2018). The new social work. Journal Of Evidence-Informed Social Work, 15(6), 695-706. doi: 10.1080/23761407.2018.1521321 [2] Marsch, L. (2012). Leveraging Technology to Enhance Addiction Treatment and Recovery. Journal Of Addictive Diseases, 31(3), 313-318. doi: 10.1080/10550887.2012.694606 [3] COVID-19 Resources | National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2020). Retrieved 12 October 2020, from https://www.drugabuse.gov/drug-topics/comorbidity/covid-19-resources [4] COVID-19: Potential Implications for Individuals with Substance Use Disorders | National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2020). Retrieved 12 October 2020, from https:// www.drugabuse.gov/about-nida/noras-blog/2020/04/ covid-19-potential-implications-individuals-substance-use-disorders [5] Mota, P. (2020). Avoiding a new epidemic during a pandemic: The importance of assessing the risk of substance use disorders in the COVID-19 era. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113142. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113142

p.36 Time to Vaccinate Author: Alicia Yang

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A Double Whammy: Flu & Coronavirus Author: Kevin Oloomi

[1] Bradford, M. (2020, Sept. 6) Coronavirus and the Flu: A Looming Double Threat. Retrieved from https://www. scientificamerican.com/article/coronavirus-and-the-flu-alooming-double-threat/ [2] Clayville, L. (2011, Oct. 10) Influenza Update A Review of Currently Available Vaccines. Retrieved from https:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3278149/#:~:text=Clayville%2C%20PharmD-,INTRODUCTION,to%20 500%2C000%20deaths%20each%20year [3] Cowling, B. Ali, S. Ng, T. Tsang, T. Li, J. Fong, M (2020, Apr. 17) Impact assessment of non-pharmaceutical interventions against coronavirus disease 2019 and influenza in Hong Kong: an observational study. Retrieved from https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/ PIIS2468-2667(20)30090-6/fulltext [4] Lander, M. (2020, Oct. 21) Europe, Which Thought It Had the Virus Tamed, Faces a Resurgence. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/14/world/europe/europe-coronavirus.html?auth=login-google [5] Lee, A. Ashkar, A. (2018, Sept. 11) The Dual Nature of Type I and Type II Interferons. Retrieved from https:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6141705/#:~:text=Type%20I%20and%20type%20II%20interferons%20 (IFN)%20are%20central%20to,virus%20replication%20 and%20reduced%20survival [6] Martell, A. Parker, N. (2020 Jul. 27) The U.S. has more COVID-19 testing than most. So why is it falling so short? Retrieved From https://www.reuters.com/article/ us-health-coronavirus-usa-testing-insigh/the-u-s-hasmore-covid-19-testing-than-most-so-why-is-it-falling-soshort-idUSKCN24S19H [7] Mudd, P. Crawford, J. Turner, J. Reynolds, A. Bender,

D. Bosanquet, J. Anand, N. Striker, D. Martin, R. Boon, A. House, S. Remy, K. Hotchkiss, R. Presti, R. O’Halloran, J. Powderly, W. Thomas, P. Ellebedy, A. (2020, Jun. 15) Targeted Immunosuppression Distinguishes COVID-19 from Influenza in Moderate and Severe Disease. Retrieved from https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.28.20 115667v1 [8] NCIRD. (2020, Oct. 6) Similarities and Differences between Flu and COVID-19. Retrieved from https://www.cdc. gov/flu/symptoms/flu-vs-covid19.htm [9] Newton, P. (2020, Sept. 24) Trudeau warns Covid-19 second wave already happening in Canada. Retrieved from https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/24/americas/canadatrudeau-covid-19-second-wave-intl/index.html [10] Nickbakhsh, S. Mair, C. Matthews, L. Reeve, R. Johnson, P. Thornburn, F. Wissmann, B. Reynolds, A. McMenamin, J. Gunson, R. Murcia, P. (2019, Dec. 16) Virus-virus interactions impact the population dynamics of influenza and the common cold. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/31843887/ [11] Tisoncik, J. Korth, M. Simmons, C. Farrar, J. Martin, T. Katze, M. (2012, Mar. 1) Into the Eye of the Cytokine Storm. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3294426/ [12] Willsher, K. Henley, J. (2020, Oct. 12) Covid in Europe: second wave gathers pace across continent. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/12/ french-pm-urges-people-limit-gatherings-home-covidcases-rise-jean-castex

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To School or Not to School Author: Casey Connelly

[1] https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/schools-childcare/decision-tool.html [2] https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/01/health/coronavirus-parents-schools.html [3] https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/more/ scientific-brief-sars-cov-2.html [4]https://connect.uclahealth.org/2020/09/04/remoteschooling-are-your-kids-more-susceptible-to-computervision-syndrome/ [5] https://today.tamu.edu/2020/08/03/should-you-sendyour-child-back-to-the-classroom/

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Blame it on the Alcohol: How Hand Sanitizer Overuse May Create a Superbug Author: Rida Qureshi

[1] Schreiber, M. (2018, August 02). Some Bacteria Are Becoming ‘More Tolerant’ Of Hand Sanitizers, Study Finds. Retrieved October 13, 2020, from https://www.npr.org/ sections/goatsandsoda/2018/08/02/635017716/somebacteria-are-becoming-more-tolerant-of-hand-sanitizersstudy-finds [2] Struelens, M. (1998, September 5). The epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in hospital acquired infections: Problems and possible solutions. Retrieved October 13, 2020, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC1113836/ [3] Morgan, W. (2020, April 20). Coronavirus: Heavy use of hand sanitisers could boost antimicrobial resistance. Retrieved October 13, 2020, from https://theconversation.com/coronavirus-heavy-use-of-hand-sanitisers-could-boost-antimicrobial-resistance-136541 [4] Taksova, A. (n.d.). Resistance of Salmonella typhimurium to Ethanol Based Hand Sanitizer. Retrieved from https://concordia.ab.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/ Taskova-A.pdf [5] Pidot, S., Gao, W., Buultjens, A., Monk, I., Guerillot, R., Carter, G., . . . Stinear, T. (2018, August 01). Increasing tolerance of hospital Enterococcus faecium to handwash alcohols. Retrieved October 13, 2020, from https://stm.sciencemag.org/content/10/452/eaar6115 [6] Golin, A., Choi, D., & Ghahary, A. (2020, September). Hand sanitizers: A review of ingredients, mechanisms of action, modes of delivery, and efficacy against coronaviruses. Retrieved October 13, 2020, from https://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7301780/ [7] COVID-19: Hand sanitizers inactivate novel coronavirus, study finds. (n.d.). Retrieved October 13, 2020, from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/ covid-19-hand-sanitizers-inactivate-novel-coronavirus-study-finds

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Expanding Telehealth for Diabetes Management Author: Rehan Mehta

[1] American Diabetes Association. (2018). Economic Costs of Diabetes in the U.S. in 2017. Diabetes Care, 41(5), 917928. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci18-0007 [2] American Diabetes Association. (n.d.). Understanding A1C. https://www.diabetes.org/a1c [3] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2020. https://www.cdc. gov/diabetes/data/statistics-report/index.html [4] Dexcom. (n.d.). Continuous Glucose Monitoring vs Blood Glucose Monitoring. https://www.dexcom.com/ cgm-vs-bgm [5] Funtanilla, V. D., Candidate, P., Caliendo, T., & Hilas, O. (2019). Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A Review of Available Systems. Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 44(9), 550–553. [6] Gal, R. L., Cohen, N. J., Kruger, D., Beck, R. W., Bergenstal, R. M., Calhoun, P., et al. (2020). Diabetes Telehealth Solutions: Improving Self-Management Through Remote Initiation of Continuous Glucose Monitoring. Journal of the Endocrine Society, 4(9). https://doi.org/10.1210/ jendso/bvaa076 [7] Lee, P. A., Greenfield, G., & Pappas, Y. (2018). The impact of telehealth remote patient monitoring on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials. BMC Health Services Research, 18(1), 495. https://doi. org/10.1186/s12913-018-3274-8 [8] Xu, T., Pujara, S., Sutton, S., & Rhee, M. (2018). Telemedicine in the Management of Type 1 Diabetes. Preventing Chronic Disease, 15, E13. https://doi.org/10.5888/ pcd15.170168

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PTSD and the Neurobiological Basis of Trauma Author: Soyi Sarkar

[1] Fenster, R., Lebois, L., Ressler, K., & Suh, J. (2018, September). Brain circuit dysfunction in post-traumatic stress disorder: From mouse to man. Retrieved October 28, 2020, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC6148363/ [2] Forte, T. (2020, February 01). The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Treatment of Trauma (Book Summary). Retrieved October 28, 2020, from https://fortelabs.co/blog/the-body-keeps-the-score-summary/ [3] Friedman, M. J. (2007, January 31). VA.gov: Veterans Affairs. Retrieved October 28, 2020, from https://www.ptsd. va.gov/professional/treat/essentials/history_ptsd.asp [4] Kleber, R. (2019, June 25). Trauma and Public Mental Health: A Focused Review. Retrieved October 28, 2020, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC6603306/ [5] Neurobiology of Trauma. Retrieved October 28, 2020, from https://www.unco.edu/assault-survivors-advocacy-program/learn_more/neurobiology_of_trauma.aspx [6] Rosenzweig, J. M., Jivanjee, P., Brennan, E. M., Grover, L., & Abshire, A. (2017). Understanding neuro- biology of psychological trauma: Tips for working with transi on-age youth. Portland, OR: Research and Training Center for Pathways to Posi ve Futures, Portland State University, https://www.pathwaysrtc.pdx.edu/pdf/projPTTP-neurobiology-tip-sheet.pdf. [7] Sherin, J., & Nemeroff, C. (2011). Post-traumatic stress disorder: The neurobiological impact of psychological trauma. Retrieved October 28, 2020, from https://www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3182008/ [8] Southwick, S., Krystal, J., Johnson, D., & Charney, D. (1995, January 01). Neurobiology of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Retrieved October 28, 2020, from https://link. springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4899-1034-9_4

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Breaking Down the Language Barrier Author: Maya Kovacevic

[1] Chandrashekar, P. (2020). 19 Health Literacy Project. Retrieved October 15, 2020, from https://covid19healthliteracyproject.com/ [2] Division of Health Care Improvement. (2015, May). Overcoming the challenges of providing care to LEP patients [PDF]. Https://www.jointcommission.org/-/ media/deprecated-unorganized/imported-assets/tjc/ system-folders/joint-commission-online/quick_safety_issue_13_may_2015_embargoed_5_27_15pdf.pdf?db=web&hash=390D4DDA38EF28D1243CE53A9C274B1A: The Joint Commission. [3] Goldberg, E. (2020, April 17). When Coronavirus Care Gets Lost in Translation. Retrieved October 14, 2020, from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/17/health/covid-coronavirus-medical-translators.html [4] Griffin, G. (2020, May 10). Harvard Medical School student creates COVID-19 resources in over 30 languages - The Boston Globe. Retrieved October 15, 2020, from https:// www.bostonglobe.com/2020/05/10/lifestyle/harvardmedical-school-student-creates-covid-19-resources-over30-languages/ [5] Julia D. López, PhD, MPH, LCSW. (2020, February 21). Retrieved October 10, 2020, From https://infectiousdiseases.wustl.edu/faculty-staff/julia-d-lopez-phd-mph-lcsw/ [6] Katz, M. H. (2018). What the US health care system assumes about you. Retrieved October 15, 2020, from https://www.tedmed.com/talks/show?id=729643 [7] Meyer, M. (2020, March 17). Physician practices modify operations to cope with COVID-19. Retrieved October 14, 2020, from https://www.modernhealthcare. com/physicians/physician-practices-modify-operations-cope-covid-19 [8] Recursos y Información en Español. (2020). Retrieved October 15, 2020, from https://www.stljuntos.org/ [9] Webber, T. (2020, August 15). Fear, language barriers hinder immigrant contact-tracing. Retrieved October 14, 2020, from https://apnews.com/article/

houston-ap-top-news-chicago-immigration-virus-outbreak-67d8c0778472c9c06bb5b1a0622375c2 [10] Zeigler, K., & Camarotaon, S. A. (2019, October 29). 67.3 Million in the United States Spoke a Foreign Language at Home in 2018. Retrieved October 15, 2020, from https:// cis.org/Report/673-Million-United-States-Spoke-ForeignLanguage-Home-2018

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The Pandemic in Uniform Author: Ben Lieberman

[1] Boburg, S., & Lamothe, D. (2020, April 17). How an outbreak on the USS Theodore Roosevelt became a defining moment for the U.S. military. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost. com/national-security/how-an-outbreak-on-the-ussroosevelt-became-a-defining-moment-for-the-us-military/2020/04/16/2735f85c-7f24-11ea-8de7-9fdff6d5d83e_ story.html [2] Coronavirus: Operation Warp Speed. U.S. Department of Defense. Retrieved from https://www.defense.gov/Explore/Spotlight/Coronavirus/Operation-Warp-Speed/ [3] Fact Sheet: Explaining Operation Warp Speed. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved from https://www.hhs.gov/coronavirus/explaining-operation-warp-speed/index.html. [4] Coleman, A. (2020, April 26). How USNS Comfort went from a symbol of hope with the president’s blessing, to heading back from NYC having treated fewer than 180 patients. Business Insider. Retrieved from https://www. businessinsider.com/usns-comfort-nyc-coronavirus-timeline-2020-4. [5] Eckstein M. (2020, May 15). USNS Mercy Leaves Los Angeles After Treating 77 Patients; Some Personnel Will Remain in L.A. USNI News. Retrieved from https://news.usni. org/2020/05/15/usns-mercy-leaves-los-angeles-aftertreating-77-patients-some-personnel-will-remain-in-l-a. [6] Coronavirus: DOD Response Timeline. U.S. Department of Defense. Retrieved from https://www.defense.gov/Explore/Spotlight/Coronavirus/DOD-Response-Timeline/ [7] Burke, T. Dycus, C. O’Hanlon, M.E. Reid, E. Worst, J. (2020, April 22). COVID-19 and military readiness: preparing for the long game. Brookings Institute. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/04/22/covid-19-and-military-readiness-preparing-for-the-long-game/ [8] Brookes, P. (2020, July 23). The Effect of Coronavirus on the U.S. Military. The Heritage Foundation. Retrieved from https://www.heritage.org/defense/commentary/the-effect-coronavirus-the-us-military. [9] Coronavirus: DOD Response. U.S. Department of Defense. Retrieved from https://www.defense.gov/explore/ spotlight/coronavirus/