Mathematics

MATHEMATICS

VOCABULARY MATHEMATICS

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

1 algebraic expression (n.) นิพจน์พีชคณิต

2 associative property (n.) สมบัติการเปลี่ยน หมู่

3 coefficient (n.) สัมประสิทธิ์ Algebraic expression includes variables, constants and operating symbols +, -, x and ÷. 4x + 2 is an example of an algebraic expression.

Associative Property is changing the groupings of addends or factors and do not affect the sum or product. Examples : (2 + 7) + 10 = 2 + (7 + 10) and ( 5 x 7) x 3 = 5 x (7 x 3)

Coefficient is the multiplying factor of a variable, such as 5m, 5 is the coefficient.

4

5 common factor (n.)

commutative property (n.) ตัวประกอบร่วม The common factor of the given numbers 4 and 6 are 1, 2 and 3.

สมบัติการสลับที่ Commutative Property is changing the order of addends or factors and do not affect the sum or product. Examples : 2 + 4 = 4 + 2 and 5 x 7 = 7 x 5.

6 constant value (n.) ค่าคงที่ Constant value is a value that doesn’t change. In expression y = 2x + 6, 6 is the constant value.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

7 consecutive number (n.) จ�านวนที่เรียงต่อ กัน Consecutive numbers are numbers that follow each other continuously in the order. Example : x, x + 1, x + 2, x + 3 and so on are consecutive integers.

8 denominator (n.) จ�านวนส่วนในเลข เศษส่วน Denominator represents the total number of population as it relates to a sample. In a fraction 2 5 , the denominator is 5.

9

10 difference of two squares (n.) ผลต่างก�าลังสอง

distributive law (n.) สมบัติการกระจาย Difference of two squares is the difference of a squared number subtracted from another squared number. In expanding the expression (a + b) (a - b), it becomes a 2 - b2

Distributive law is a law relating the operations of multiplication and addition. In example a (b + c) = ab + ac. The factor a is distributed across b + c.

11 expansion (n.) การกระจาย

12 factorization (n.) การแยก ตัวประกอบ Expansion of an expression is to remove the brackets and distribute as needed. An example is a(x + y). It becomes ax + ay.

Factorization is the opposite of expansion and factors can be written in multiplication form. Example : To factorize an expression like 2a + 6, you must multiply 2(a + 3). To factorize 12, you write it as 2 x 2 x 3.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

13 greatest common factor (n.) หารร่วมมากที่มาก ที่สุด (ห.ร.ม.) It is the highest common factor of all given. Example: The common factor of 6, 12 and 18 are 1, 2, 3 and 6 then the greatest common factor is 6.

14 like term (n.) พจน์คล้าย Like terms are algebraic terms that have same variables and powers. 8xyz 2 and 5xyz 2 are like terms.

15 numerator (n.)

16 perfect square (n.)

17 polynomial (n.)

18 quadratic equation (n.) จ�านวนเศษในเลข เศษส่วน

ก�าลังสองสัมบูรณ์ Numerator shows how many parts of a denominator are taken in a fraction. In example 6 7 , 6 is the numerator. Perfect Square is a number that can be expressed as the product of two equal integers. 9, 16 and 25 are examples of perfect square.

ประกอบด้วยหลาย พจน์, พหุนาม Polynomial is an expression that has more than 2 algebraic terms. 5xy 2 - x - y 3 is an example of a polynomial.

สมการก�าลังสอง In quadratic equation, the highest exponent in the equation is a square. x2 + 9x + 14 is an example of a quadratic equation.

19 quotient (n.) ผลลัพธ์ของการ หาร

It is the result of one number divided by another number. Example: In the equation a b = c, c is the quotient. 20 variable (n.) ตัวแปร A variable is a symbol or letter like x, y or z that represents a certain value.

21 constant value (n.) ค่าคงที่ Constant value is a value that doesn’t change. In expression y = 2x + 6, 6 is the constant value.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

22 compound variation (n.) การแปรผันรวม Compound Variation occurs when there are multiple variables in an equation and one variable affects more than one other variables.

23 decrease (v.) ลดลง

24 direct variation (n.) การแปรผันตรง

25 exponent (n.) เลขยกก�าลัง

26 increase (v.) เพิ่มขึ้น

27 inverse variation (n.) การแปรผกผัน Decrease is becoming smaller or lesser in amount, size number or degrees. It is the opposite of increase.

Direct variation: If y varies directly as x, this relation is written as y ∝ x. When x increases or decreases, y also increases or decreases. Both are in same direction.

The exponent of a number says how many times to use that number in multiplication. It is another word for power and index. Example : 83 = 8 x 8 x 8. The exponent “3” says you multiply 8 to itself three times.

Increase is becoming greater or larger in amount, size number or degrees. It is the opposite of decrease.

Inverse variation : If y varies inversely as x, this relation is written as y ∝ 1 -

x . When x increases, y decreases. When x decreases, y increases. They are in opposite direction.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

28 irrational number (n.) จ�านวนอตรรกยะ

29 non-terminating decimal (n.) ทศนิยมไม่รู้จบ

30 quantity (n) ปริมาณ Irrational numbers are non-terminating, non-recurring decimal numbers. They cannot be expressed as a ratio of two numbers and cannot be written as a simple fraction. The decimal goes on forever without repeating. Example : π = 3.14159292…

A non-terminating decimal is a decimal that has no end. It is a decimal with infinite digits and recurring. Examples : 8 15 = 0.53333… digit 3 is recurring, 11 21 = 0.523809523809… digits 523809 keeps recurring.

A quantity is an amount, a number or measurement that answers the question “how much.” It can be expressed in numbers or non-standard units. Quantity also refers to an unknown amount in an equation.

31 radical sign (v.) สัญลักษณ์ของราก A radical sign is used in a radical expression. It is used to determine the order of root of a number.

32 rational number (n.) จ�านวนตรรกยะ Rational numbers include whole numbers, integers, fractions that when expressed as decimals terminate or repeat. They are called terminating or repeating decimals. Examples : 3 4 = 0.75, (terminating) 2 3 = 0.6666 = 0.6 (repeating)

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

33 real number (n.) จ�านวนจริง Real numbers can be positive, negative and zero. They are not imaginary numbers. They can be whole numbers or decimal numbers.

34 reciprocal (n.)

35 scientific notation (n.)

36 simplify (v.) ส่วนกลับ/กลับตัว เศษเป็นตัวส่วน

สัญกรณ์ทาง วิทยาศาสตร์

ผลส�าเร็จ/ท�าให้ ง่ายขึ้น A reciprocal is one of a pair of numbers that when multiplied together gives 1 as a product. Example : the reciprocal of because 2 3 x 2 3 is 3 2 ,

of 7 is 1 7 3 2 = 1. The reciprocal because 7 x 1 7 = 1. Scientific Notation is a method for expressing very large or very small numbers as the product of a decimal between 1 and 10 and multiplied by a power of 10. Examples : 5.47 x 104 = 54700 , 8.3 x 10-2 = 0.083

To simplify an algebraic expression is to combine like terms and to simplify a fraction is to reduce it to its lowest term by cancelling using the lowest common factor for both numerator and denominator.

37 square root (n.) รากที่สองที่เป็น จ�านวนบวก A square root of a number is a value that, when multiplied by itself, gives the number as the answer. Example : 4 x 4 = 16, so the square root of 16 = 4, 5 x 5 = 25, so the square root of 25 = 5

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

38 surd (n.) จ�านวนที่ถอดราก ไม่ได้ A surd is an irrational number that is expressed accurately using the root sign. Examples of surd : √5, √10,√18

39 terminating decimal (n.) ทศนิยศรู้จบ

40 variation (n.) การแปรผัน A terminating decimal is a decimal number that has digits that end. It is a decimal with finite number of digits. Its decimal is non-recurring and non-repeating. Examples : 3 4 = 0.75, 39 8 = 4.875 A variation is a relationship between two or more variables, we can then write an equation relating the variables to each other. The sign of variation is ∝.