6.4 Financing

6.2 Community awareness and participation

Community awareness and participation is another enabling factor for the success of FMNR practices. The study evaluated awareness and participation by asking respondents in FMNR project areas of Yenangyaung and Chauk townships whether they had heard of FMNR, been trained on FMNR, how they understood it, and whether they practised FMNR. The survey also included a question on where the respondents practised FMNR. Information obtained from these questions was complemented by qualitative data from FGDs and KIIs. According to the survey results, 80 per cent of respondents stated that they practise FMNR; 20 per cent of respondents stated that they had heard about FMNR but they had not practised it; 5 per cent could not practise FMNR because they did not own any land. Effective community participation is extremely important to the establishment and success of FMNR. Based on the previous experience and observation of practitioners engaged in FMNR in Myanmar, it has been noted that direct participation of key community stakeholders in FMNR projects from the beginning is a critical factor in determining a project’s success – a point that is also emphasized in FMNR training materials. Community participation should begin with the conceptualization of the initial project idea and preliminary design phase all the way through implementation and evaluation. It is important to create spaces for communities to participate in every stage of preparation, inception, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. Doing so can strengthen the chances of FMNR’s success in the long term. Community participation and awareness are inseparable; so, to generate active participation, awareness-raising activities need to be conducted frequently.

6.3 Information technology and communication (ITC)

A limiting factor to the success of FMNR is access to information and the ability to communicate with technical experts. The study showed that most people in the study areas do not have extensive knowledge of ITC and are largely unaware of its potential benefits. Lack of basic ITC knowledge and inability to access technical resources found online makes following FMNR more challenging. Although there are plenty of resources of FMNR-related information such as the FMNR manual, technical flyers, guidelines, and global success stories, almost all of these resources are found online and are written in English. Thus, greater accessibility to FMNR materials for stakeholders in FMNR project areas will facilitate the dissemination of FMNR technology in the country. Both field staff and FMNR farmers should be equipped with ready access to technical information in local languages. The study has highlighted how a more concerted effort needs to be placed on developing ITC-based FMNR resources and access in project areas. For example there are online training