Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft
Non-invasive measurements of plant traits at the J端lich Plant Phenotyping Centre Roland Pieruschka, Kerstin A. Nagel, Siegfried Jahnke, Uwe Rascher, Fabio Fiorani, Ulrich Schurr
Why phenotyping? Keeping the pace with genomics Evaluation of key traits for target environment Resistance to abiotic and biotic factors
Identification of genomics regions related to performance Identify genes involved in physiological processes Monitoring and quality control
Plant phenotyping science requires integrated solutions
SPECIALIZED PLANT GROWTH FACILITIES UV-transparent greenhouse Automated growth chambers Field positioning systems
IMAGING AND ROBOTICS Automation and Integration Quantitative Image Analysis
DATA MANAGEMENT Environment Data Base Plant Information System
Non-invasive technologies are key to quantify plant structure and function
Fiorani et al. 2012
Root structure and function - integration across scales Root architecture agar / soil
Root tip agar
Root function pot
Plant size Resolution
Quantification of root architecture in agar
throughput: 300 plants – 12 min Arabidopsis Small seedlings Nagel et al. 2009
• Nutrients (N, P) • Temperature • Osmotic
GROWSCREEN-RHIZO - automated system for 2D imaging of roots and shoots
40 cm
60 cm
Nagel et al. 2012
Visible root length correlates with global root parameters
Nagel et al. 2012
Correlation with average root diameter? Plant species
Ratio visible / total root length
Arabidopsis
77%
Rapeseed
42%
Barley
33%
Wheat
33%
Rice
32%
Brachypodium
24%
Maize
17%
Nagel et al. 2012
Pot size matters - barley root mass distribution in a pot Root mass distribution
Root mass %
inner half (50% of volume) outer part (20% of volume)
Root mass (%)
60
40
20
Mean ÂąSD, n = 6
0 24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
Time (days after sowing)
Poorter et al. 2012
40
42
44
46
MRI-PET combining structure and functuion MRI
11CO 2
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
1.5T
4.7T
CYPRES Cyclotron for Plant Research
PET Positron Emission Tomograph
MRI-PET insight into carbon flow MRI
Coregistration
Jahnke et al. 2009
PET
Shoot structure and function - integration across scales
Leaf and plant
Greenhouse and field
Growth and chlorophyll fluoroescence of Arabidopsis
APT (cm²)
Projected Leaf Area (cm²) 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5
minimal nutrient soil normal nutrient soil
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Time (d a.s.)
Quantum Yield Quantum yield
0.8
0.7
0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Time (d a.s.)
Jansen et al. 2009
SCREEN House phenotyping of plants with different size and structure
• Biomass (image based) • Biomass (micro wave based) • Geometric parameters • Transpiration
Automated field positioning systeme FieldScreen (developed at FZJ IBG-2 in 2009) •
an outdoor field system for automated and repeated optical measurements over canopies
•
the system consists of a large 4 meter high computer-programmable x-y-moving stage equipped with diverse sensors
Plückers et al. 2012
Remote measurement from a distance up to 50 m Laser Induced Fluorescence Transient (LIFT) approach
F Fm'
-1
0.8
(A) PAM: y=2.236x+0.024 R²=0.993 LIFT: y=1.373x-0.021 R²=0.947
0.6 0.4 PAM (X. strumarium) LIFT (H. annuus) LIFT (Ph. vulgaris) LIFT (Citrus spec.)
0.2 0.0 0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
150
(B)
-2
-1
ETRPAM & ETRLIFT [µmol m- s ]
ETRA / PPFD
100
50
0 0
50
100 -2
150 -1
ETRA [µmol m s ]
Pieruschka et al. 2010
LIFT based maps of diurnal dynamics of photosynthetic efficiency in a tree canopy 0.10 – 0.90 W
20:00
E
6:00
8:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
18:00
22:00
6:00
8:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
Nichols et al. 2012
Sun-induced fluorescence Solar and earth atmosphere is a spectrally selective filter Two oxygen bands are at the spectral region for fluorescence retrieval https://sites.google.com/site/jamestuttlekeane/astronomy/physics
Sun-induced fluorescence retrieval concept Fluorescence retrieval according to the Fraunhofer Line Depth (FLD) method
slope: reflectance intercept: fluorescence
Rascher & Damm 2010, Meroni et al. 2009
Sun-induced fluorecence can be mapped in the field giving new insight into canopy energy conversion
Rascher et al. 2009
Imaging spectroscopy in the field Specific wavebands are characteristic for plant constituents Non-invasive monitoring of seasonal
and variety specific traits
Rascher & Damm 2010, Fiorani et al. 2012, Jansen et al. in press
Stereo plus multispectral reflectance imaging: quantification of canopy structure and function Deapth (disparity) map
Leaf orientation
NDVI
PRI
Fiorani et al. 2012
1. Phenotyping requires systematic approaches 2. Phenotyping ‘chains’ to bridge between lab and field
3. Relevant environmental conditions are crucial 4. Multi-mode - multi-scale - multi-disciplinary
Collaboration is key to respond to a growing plant phenotyping demand USERS
Phenotyping community
RESEARCHERS
DEVELOPERS
26
Phenotyping – a networking approach Phenotyping projects coordinated by JPPC
EPPN is the first integrated FP 7 EU
Research Infrastructure project in Plant Sciences Goals: Create a European integrated network Provide Tansnational Access for the user community Develop novel instrumentation for non-invasive methods Establish definition of standards
Duration: January 2012 – December 2015 Budget: 5 500 000 ₏
Grant Agreement No. 284443.
The EPPN consortium consists of 14 Partners
Transnational Access 23 facilities across Europe open for access: free of charge
simple selection procedure
FZJ
IPK
HMGU
INRA
UNOTT
HAS
ABER
1. Screen Chamber
5. APPP
7. ExpoScreen
9. Phenopsis
13. MicroCT
18. RSDS
20. FTIR/NMR
2. Screen House
6. MP
8. SunScreen
10. Phenodyn
14. Root Trace
19. SSDS
21. IPC
3. ScreenRoot LP
11. PPHD
4. Screen Root SP
12. Diaphen
15. Screen Glasshouse
22. Micro Raman
16. Vertical Confocal
23. TGA-py GC/MS
17. Screen Field
Resources: www.plant-phenotyping-network.eu
Transnational Access call is permanently open for 23 facilities across Europe Several workshops and summer schools will be organized
Standards and protocols will be accessible Contact information
JPPC in the national and international framework
Root resource use efficiency in cereals
Transnational access
Worldwide network
PREBREED YIELD Nested association mapping in canola
Sensor technology for crop breeding and management
Building a national plant phenotyping platform
Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft