Constructing Environments E-learning and Reading Modules(Loads & Forces) Loads Different Types Of Loads That Built Structures Withstand Are: -Static Loads a)Applied slowly to a structure until it reaches a peak value without fluctuating rapidly in magnitude or position. b)Occupancy loads,snow loads,rain loads,impact loads,dead loads c)Structure responds slowly and its deformation reaches a peak when static force is at its maximum -Dynamic Loads a)Applied suddenly to a structure,often with rapid changes in magnitude and point of application b) Wind and earthquake loads c)Structure develops inertial forces in relation to its mass and its maximum deformation does not necessarily correspond to the maximum magnitude of the applied force.
Forces Single force
-Any influence that produces a change in the shape or movement of a body -Represented by a single arrow whose length is proportional to the magnitude and whose orientation in space represents the direction.
Two or more forces -Collinear forces occur along a straight line,the vector sum of which is the algebraic sum of the magnitudes of the forces,acting along the same line of action.
-Concurrent forces have lines of action intersecting at a common point,vector sum of which is equivalent to and produces the same effect on a rigid body. a)Parallelogram law
b) Polygon Method
-Nonconcurrent forces have lines of action that do not intersect at a common point,vector sum of which is a single force that would cause the same translation and rotation of the body. a) Moment(FxD)
b)Couple
Studio 1 Activity:Compression Process of constructing a tower using only wooden blocks in the form of bricks as the construction material.We had started off with a circular shape for the construction design of our tower
Compression forces are exerted on each consecutive level of bricks by the level above it.This compression force on the lower level of bricks increases as the height of the tower increases due to the increasing weight of the bricks.
To increase stability of the tower,the blocks are arranged so that one block is supported by two blocks in the level below it.This way,the weight of the block is evenly distributed between the two blocks(gaps between the blocks).This eventually creates a load path diagram continuously on every level of the blocks.
Process of construction continues until level of blocks reaches a certain height where the circular size of the tower gets smaller.To produce a roof for the tower,each level of blocks is places slightly inner,deeper from the level below it.This encloses the tower until one block is only required to fill the top.
A complete construction of the tower is shown in the picture below.An opening is left at the bottom of the tower in order to allow an object which is a model of a dog to fit inside the tower.
Deconstruction process begins after construction of the tower is complete.A brick is thrown into the tower and two holes are created on either side of the section where the brick hits the tower.Howerver,building does not collapse as load path diagrams are still maintained by other sections of the tower that does not receive the impact from the brick(Load path diagram around the holes is still sufficient to support the shape and weight of the tower)
Tower collapses when the brick is thrown the third time and when it collides with the tower.The impact of the brick is too large creating a massive hole which disrupts the load path diagram around the tower.
Another example of a tower built by a different group with a different design concept from ours.This tower also demonstrates the load path diagram on each level of the blocks.
The process of deconstruction of the group’s tower under a similar situation(throwing brick).Upper section of the tower collaprses after receiving the impact of the brick for the first time.Process is similar to our group but deconstruction of this tower happens faster could be due to the different distribution of the load path diagram(shape and height of the tower)