1. Brief a. Acknowledge b. Report Brief 2. Thesis: Design Background a. History of Liverpool b. Liverpool Blitz c. Bombed Out Points d. City Gap 3. Solutions a. Reasons
4. Site a. Location b. analysis c. Models d. Shadow analysis e. Photos f. Docks g. Aquarium in Europe h. Development 5. Case Study a. Guggenheim Museum b. Batumi Aquarium c. Titanic Museum
6. Concept a. Development b. Massing Models 7. Aquarium a. Master Plan b. Floor Plans c. Sections d. Elevations e. Circulation f. Perspective g. Structure Study
Acknowledgement ield trip to Barcelona, ab estival with Asterios, R course with ike, rst design module in with Ronny and thesis tutorial with atrick, interesting campus activities, all of them left deep impression on us and will be the wealth of my whole life. We will remember it for a whole lifetime. iyang and u huo 22. .2 1 in Liverpool
inally, we almost nish the A Thesis esign which means we are going to say goodbye to niversity of Liverpool. uring the whole year, we met e cellent teachers, Asterios, ike, Ronny, atrick, they brought strong support to us which we really appreciate. ou are all the best teachers we had ever met. In this pro ect, there were many references that also help us, so we want to say thank you as well. In this year, we learnt a lot about architecture design through studio design and other modules which would be bene cial to our further career.
MA Thesis: Design The rst part of this report describes the situation before and after the war in Liverpool, which is also the basis and background of the project. And we bring a concept, ity ap , and diagrams about site analysis as the evidence and results. After that, we explain the reason that we design an aquarium on the city gap. inally, there are some analyses and descriptions about the building.
The report for MA Thesis: Design is about Aquarium project in Liverpool Waterfront, UK. In the past three months, after nishing ab estival as a testing rstly, we started to focus on this thesis. To begin with, we discussed with our tutor, Asterios, who suggested us to focus on problems of society and city. Then we decided to talk about postwar problems on architecture in Liverpool and sought the solutions. Thus, through analysis, an aquarium architecture was selected as topic of our MA Thesis: Design.
1927
Liverpool history of Liverpool during 1851-2017
In 1830, the Liverpool and Manchester Railway was opened. The population grew rapidly. As growth continued, the city became known as "the second city of the Empire", and was also called "the New York of Europe". During the Second World War, the city was the centre for planning the crucial Battle of the Atlantic, and suered a blit second only to London's.
1927
1927
From the mid-twentieth century, Liverpool's docks and traditional manufacturing industries went into sharp decline, with the advent of containerisation making the city's docks obsolete. The unemployment rate in Liverpool rose to one of the highest in the UK. Over the same period, starting in the early 1960s, the city became internationally renowned for its culture, particularly as the centre of the "Merseybeat" sound which became synonymous with The Beatles.
1939-1945: World War II During World War 2, Liverpool was the control centre for the Battle of the Atlantic. There were eighty air-raids on Merseyside, with an especially concentrated series of raids in May 1941 which interrupted operations at the docks for almost a week. Some 2,500 people were killed, almost half the homes in the metropolitan area sustained some damage and some 11,000 were totally destroyed.
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1938
Before the War history of Liverpool during 1851-1939
During the rst part of the 2 th century Liverpool continued to e pand, pulling in immigrants from urope.
1938
1938
In 1 3 an International hibition took place in dge Lane. In 1 , the building of the Anglican athedral began, and by 1 16 the three ier Head buildings, including the Liver Building, were complete. This period marked the pinnacle of Liverpool's economic success, when it regarded itself as the "second city" of the British mpire. The formerly independent urban districts of Allerton, hildwall, Little Woolton and uch Woolton were added in 1 13, and the parish of peke added in 1 32, with large housing developments, mostly by the local authority, being built over the ne t few years.
Liverpool Blitz history of Liverpool during 1939-1942
Liverpool was the most heavily bombed area of the country, outside London, due to the city having, along with Birkenhead, the largest port on the west coast and was of incalculable importance to the British war eort. The government was concerned to hide from the ermans ust how much damage had been inicted upon the docks, so reports on the bombing were kept low key. Liverpool, Bootle and the Wallasey ool comple were strategically very important locations during the econd World War. The large port had for many years been the nited ingdom's main link with orth America, and would prove to be a key part in the British participation in the Battle of the Atlantic.
Beginning of the blitz The rst ma or air raid on Liverpool took place in August 1 , when 16 bombers attacked the city on the night of 28 August. Christmas blit A series of heavy raids took place in ecember 1 , referred to as the hristmas blit , when 36 people were killed between 2 22 ecember.
May blit ay 1 1 saw a renewal of the air assault on the region a seven night bombardment that devastated the city. The rst bomb landed upon eacombe, Wallasey, Wirral, at 22 1 on 1 ay. The peak of the bombing occurred from 1 ay 1 1.
Kirkdale train station
Custom House
India building
Riverside station
Index Street
Mill Road Hospital
Paradise Street
Littlewoods Parachute Factory
End of the Blitz after the raids in May 1941 After the raids in May 1941, the German air assault diminished, as Hitler's attention turned towards attacking the Soviet Union. The last German air raid on Liverpool took place on 10 January 1942, destroying several houses on Upper Stanhope Street. The house was never rebuilt and the whole site was eventually cleared of housing and grassed over. By the end German bombs had killed 2,716 people in Liverpool, 442 people in Birkenhead, 409 people in Bootle and 332 people in Wallasey.
Corn exchange
South John Street
St Andrew's Church Hall
Bombed Out Points areas need to be rebuilt Nearly 4,000 civilians were killed on Merseyside during the heavy bombing which started on August 28th, 1940 and continued for seventeen months until anuary 1 2. Liverpool suered more civilian deaths in the blitz than any other UK city outside London. The direct hit on the large underground shelter in Durning Road, Edge Hill, was the worst single incident in the Liverpool Blitz as regards loss of life. This occurred in the early hours of 29 November 1940, during the heaviest air raid to date. About 300 people were tightly packed into a shelter in the basement of Edge Hill Training College in Durning Road. When a parachute mine hit the building, it collapsed into the shelter below, crushing many of its occupants. Boiling water from the central heating system and gas from fractured mains poured in. Raging res overhead also made rescue work extremely dangerous. In all, 166 men, women and children were killed. Many more were badly injured.
City Gaps areas obstucting city development After Blitz, in Liverpool, many docks and their neighbourhoods were reduced to rubble. A number of ships were sunk in the docks and river. Much of the city centre was devastated, including the main shopping and business areas. Some of the city's best-known buildings were destroyed. Houses, churches, hospitals, factories and other buildings were bombed throughout the city and its suburbs. Many roads, railways and tramlines were made unusable. While vital services were quickly restored, other damage often took years to repair. However, some bombed out points have not been repaired, but only let their abandoned, or to be garbage and parking which are obstucting the development of city these decades. So they become the City Gaps.
Tourism City A City of Football
A City of Football
When people visit Liverpool they often come one of four things, football, nightlife, music or culture. It’s two premier league football teams, Everton FC and Liverpool FC and oodles of culture from past and present made the city attractive. For any football fan staying in the city on match day, this is the ultimate tour of Liverpool that covers the most sought after city attractions as well as a unique look into the Liverpool’s most legendary football club.
If you’ve come to Liverpool to attend one of the ama ing home matches at An eld, let us make the experience even more memorable by taking you on a tour of Liverpool tailored to delivering the perfect match day experience.
Tourism City A City of Football
A City of Football
Football, nightlife, music and culture are the most attractive things in Liverpool which bring a lot of visitors to the city. There are two premier league football teams, Everton FC, Liverpool FC and oodles of culture from past and present made the city attractive. For any football fan staying in the city on match day, this is the ultimate tour of Liverpool that covers the most sought after city attractions as well as a unique look into the Liverpool’s most legendary football club.
If you’ve come to Liverpool to attend one of the ama ing home matches at An eld, let us make the experience even more memorable by taking you on a tour of Liverpool tailored to delivering the perfect match day experience.
Tourism City A City of Music
A City of Music
In 2001 the Guinness Book of Records declared Liverpool "City of Pop" due to the many number one records to have emerged from the city. The most famous band that comes from Liverpool is The Beatles who played many of their early gigs at the Cavern Club. The 11,000 capacity Echo Arena has held host to numerous world-famous musicians. The Liverpool International Music Festival (LIMF) evolved from the Mathew Street Music Festival, which was the largest annual free music festival in Liverpool attracting over 200,000 visitors to the City.
Route to Waterfront
City Gap on Waterfront
Greatest in Europe
Top 10 Aquariums in Europe
It shows the location of ten most famouse and greatest aquariums in urope. ost of them belong to editerranean countries, as ortugal, pain, rance and Italy. However, being a island country surrounded by seas and oceans, has rich resources on aquarium. And Britain deserves to have an aquarium that matches its country s status. The future aquarium should has British native characteristics and focuses on resources with the Atlantic. That means it is better to be in the coast of Atlantic Ocean. o, Liverpool, as the largest port city on the Atlantic coast, is the best choice.
Oceanografic
Acquario di Genova
Valencia, Spain
Genova, Italy
Europe s nest and most futuristic marine comple laid out on 11 , square meters
Italy's best aquarium, designed by the enoese architect Ren o iano
OceanĂĄrio de Lisboa
La Rochelle Aquarium
Lisbon, Portugal
La Rochelle, France
Remarkably presented aquarium, focusing around a central tank with not less than large viewing panels, housing a large oceanic sun sh and impressive schooling sh
erched on the Atlantic coastline of rance, La Rochelle is a port city with the sea at the heart of its activity.
Moscow Oceanarium
Moscow, Russia
Europe s newest big aquarium housing killer whales and Arapaima
AquĂ rium Barcelona
Barcelona, Spain
Displaying oceanic sun sh and a fascinating 8 meter long underwater tunnel
Den BlĂĽ Planet
Copenhagen, Denmark
ancy modern architecture and the 2nd largest viewing panel of urope in the suburbs of openhagen
Antalya Aquarium
Antalya, Turkey
Displaying the world's second longest submarine viewing tunnel with a total length of 131 meters for an e orbitant price
GRAVING DOCK
FREE PATHWAYS perdestrians
With ith development of waterfront these years, many views could be caught by tourists while walking on the pathways freely. Meanwhile, it creats a e ible transportation network for perdestrains.
LOCAL STREETS driveways
Those are some main driveways in the city centre. The diagram shows dierent ways that people could get to the waterfront by motor vehicle and visitors will be attracted by many attractions and our project in the future.
DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUES
In the past hundred years, almost existing or newly educational institues, like University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University, located in the further down of the waterfront.
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1914
DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC AREA
Ass the diagram shows, most public areas and buildings were built around the city centre which could serve for most citizens. That also proves where is densely populated.
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1973
1953
DEVELOPMENT OF GOVERNMENT BUILDING
In Liverpool, many government buildings are historical buildings which are also attractions for people. And as shown, government buildigns and commerical areas located in the waterfront.
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DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCIAL AREA
Nowadays, Liverpool is changing to a tourism city. There are a large amount of commercial buildings in city centre which could serve citizens and tourists as well. Those commercial buildings and new aquarium could also regenerate the city.
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The site model allows us to observe the site from a macroscopic point of view which is really beneďŹ cal for the site and building design. According to analysis, we divided the waterfront into two parts while making the site model. Those brick colour represent the most prosperous areas in Liverpool which include the site of further aquarium obviously.
＞5H 4-5H 3-4H 2-3H 1-2H ＜1H
＞5H 4-5H 3-4H 2-3H 1-2H ＜1H
Origin rigin Docks
History of Docks
The dry docks ( sometime known as graving docks) were built in 1756 and 1765-9. They were rebuilt and deepened in 1829 but have remained unaltered ever since. Most of the Liverpool waterfront and docks have changed dramatically since the time of the slave trade. The two dry docks are the oldest surviving docks in Liverpool. Slave ships were repaired here from the 1750s until the abolition of the slave trade in 1807.
In The Past In use during slace trade and war
During between 1750s when it were completed to 1807 the abolition of the slave trade, they still played an important role in the transatlantic slave trade.
Nowadays owadays Docks Nowadays
And after rebuilt and deepened in 1826, they were used to repair some small warships during the wars like destoryers and crusiers.
By March 2009 work was completed on a £22 million extension of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, providing a further 1.4 mi (2.3 km) of navigable waterway. From Princes Dock, the extension passes the Pier Head and terminates at Canning Dock. The extension includes a small canal basin at Mann Island, in the vicinity of the Pier Head, and a new lock providing access to Canning Dock. However, those two dry docks are still always surrounded with guardrail, instead of opening to visitors.
Future How to work with Aquarium
In the future, we are going to demolish the guardrail and exhibit it to public. Thus, those docks could tell their storys to people. On the other hand, visitors could gain better experience while visiting the aquarium.
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STEP 2
STEP 3
STEP 4
STEP 5
STEP 6
MASSING MODELS showing the development of shape of buildings
massing model A solid wood Through the use of solid wood production with small proportion of building block modelm, to consider the architectural form. And the massing model and the site model contribute to determine the relationship between the building and the surrounding environment massing model B blue foam board / wire In the middle of the program design, blue foam board and wire have been used on considering and evolving the shape and style of the building massing model C white foam board Through the foam board cutting and polishing, to achieve the final volume of the scrutiny
STEP 1
STEP 2
STEP 3
STEP 4
STEP 5
STEP 6
Case Study Guggenheim Museum Goldberger thought the building a catalyst for change, making it "socially and culturally acceptable for an architect to design a highly expressive, intensely personal museum. In this sense almost every museum of our time is a child of the Guggenheim. The design dispensed with the conventional approach to museum layout, in which visitors are led through a series of interconnected rooms and forced to retrace their steps when exiting.
Guggenheim Museum The spiral design recalled a nautilus shell, with continuous spaces owing freely one into another. Even as it embraced nature.
Case Study Batumi Aquarium Called Batumi Aquarium, the design of the building is inspired by characteristic pebbles found on Batumi beach and will provide views of the beach and the Black sea. The building will be made of four pebble-shaped structures, each housing an exhibition space representing a unique marine biotype - the Aegean and Mediterranean seas, the Indian ocean, the Black and Red seas and an interactive exhibition.
Batumi Aquarium The four areas will be connected by a central space, which will include a cafĂŠ, auditorium and retail areas.
Case Study Belfast Titanic Museum The building's design is intended to reect Belfast's history of shipmaking and the industrial legacy bequeathed by Harland & Wol. Its angular form recalls the shape of ships' prows, with its main "prow" angled down the middle of the Titanic and Olympic slipways towards the River Lagan. Alternatively, it has been suggested that the building looks like an iceberg, and locals have already nicknamed it "The Iceberg".
Belfast Titanic Museum Its main atrium stands 126 feet (38 m) high, the same height as Titanic's hull which could organise the transporation and circulation of the builidng.
Canning dock aquarium master Plan 1/200 Canning dock Aquarium
Section AA’ 1/200 Canning dock Aquarium
Section BB’ 1/200 Canning dock Aquarium
SECTION MODEL structure and interior space of south part building
section model pic. 1 The Amazon rainforest area is located on the first floor of the aquarium, the shoals and swamps, as well as the tourist routes, through the profile model fully displayed
section model pic. 2 the Atlantic area is also located on the first floor of the building, the big steps that is next to the main fish tank is for visitors to enjoy the Atlantic area as well. At the same time, the aquarium can also be carried out regularly in this interactive activities with tourists, to rich visitors experience section model pic. 3 Designing the southern part of the building body overhead, so that visitors can be more freedom to visit the dry dock, the model shows the dry dock, cover level, the underlying overhead space structure and relative position.
SECTION MODEL structure and interior space of south part building
section model pic. 1 By using light to simulate indoor effects, the space that visitors used is usually dark, while the Arctic and Atlantic area of the fish tank through the dark light, creating a magnificent effect section model pic. 2 This picture focuses on the north and south of the two construction areas and the atrium landscape steps
section model pic. 3 Section model panorama pictures, made with 6mm mdf wood, and 3mm acrylic panels, the scale of 1: 200 shows some of the details of the building structure and the building interior space, the site and the building also account for the building design process how to deal with the building and dock Relationship
Elevation AA’ 1/200 Canning dock Aquarium
Elevation BB’ 1/200 Canning dock Aquarium
The horizontal circulation diagram The horizontal circulation is built upon the vertical circulation system. The ‘skywalker’ leds visitors get into different layers and provides them the public space for rest.
The Diving zone
The Pole zone
In order to give visitors a clear feeling about the space and the route, the circulation on different layers only directs people to one side each layer so that people will not be confused about which way to choose.
The Pacific zone
The Amazon zone
Diving zone
skywalker atrium to diving space
aquarium exit stairs
a
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d
a
ific
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t To
skywalker atrium main circulation
To
exit
aquarium entrance
Box office
The he vertical circulation diagram
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The he circulation system of the aquarium can be divided into two parts, the vertical part and the horizontal part. The vertical circulation system is a three-floor plantform formed by stairs and escalators that rises up 18 meters from the ground floor. This huge artium in the middle of the aquariaquari um starts at the extrance and ends in the left exit in front of the exit stairs. After visitors buying their tickets in the box office that locates next to the extrance, they will be led into a huge space we called ‘skywalker’, which is the central circulacircula tion system that links to every exhibition space in this aquaraquar ium. The ‘skewalker’ atrium is a three-floor circulation comlex, including rest space, lifts, restaurants, stores and public service space like toilets and plant room. The artium is also the public hall that most visitors will get an open atmosphere between two different theme exhibition zones. At the end of the skywalker on the third floor, there is the diving space which is optional for vistors, they can choose enter or exit the building through the stairs in the end of the building.
Perspective erspective From Canning dock
Perspective erspective
From Dry dock
Perspective erspective
South fecade & Canning dock
DETAILED MODEL showing the atmospheric building in a large scale
detailed model 2mm MDF board Through cutting by laser cutter machine, we made the large scale model in precise date. And it could be benefical to introduce our project to others.