Volume 1 xfrogplants en by XFROG

XfrogPlants Volume 1 Table of Contents : Africa. . . . . . . . . . Autumn. . . . . . . . Basic. . . . . . . . . . Blossoming. . . . . . Bonsai. . . . . . . . . Europe 1 . . . . . . . Europe 2 . . . . . . . EU Groundcover . . Flowers 1. . . . . . . Flowers 2. . . . . . . Fruit . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . .

. . 3 . 49 . 91 133 175 219 261 303 345 387 432

HousePlants. . . . Japan . . . . . . . . Mediterranean. . Prehistoric . . . . . Red Sea. . . . . . . Shrubs. . . . . . . . Tropical . . . . . . . USA Conifers . . . USA East . . . . . . USA Southwest. . USA West. . . . . . Index. . . . . . . . .

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474 516 .558 600 646 688 730 772 814 856 901 943

XfrogPlants | Africa

XfrogPlants AFRICA Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:

(with Alpha) (with Alpha)

www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support

Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures are copyright: © 2001 - 2013 Xfrog Inc Contact: Email: Support3@xfrog.com Visit http://xfrog.com/company/contact for phone and address All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business.

XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation

Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler

Jan Heuschele : Modeler

Tany Heider : Rendering

Karin Rudokas : Research and Development

Peter Fantke : Research and Development

Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development

Oliver Deussen : Research and Development

Stewart McSherry : Product Manager

AFRICA

A Foreword about African Ecosystems Africa is a large continent, and as such, it features a huge diversity of ecosystems or “biomes”, many of which presents unique characteristics related to the specific conditions of particular areas. On this page, we introduce only a few basic, generic types of African ecosystems, as a “user guide” for the non-specialist, in order to help him/her use the XfrogPlants African models appropriately in digital recreations of African landscapes. These generic categories do not describe all the complexity and specific varieties, nor they go into the necessary depth: both tasks going beyond the purpose of this manual. The basic differences with the temperate world regions must be kept in mind. For instance, in a large part of Africa, the seasonal turn in broadleaf trees is not determined by temperature, like in the temperate world, but by precipitations: broadleaf trees lose their leaves in the dry season. This situation also affects evergreens: several of them are in fact classified as semi-evergreens, because depending on the region they live in, or on possible drought, they can temporarily lose their leaves in order to survive a difficult circumstance.

The Main Generic African Ecosystems Probably the most typical of African ecosystems is the Savannah (called Bushveld in Southern Africa), which dominates a large part of Eastern and South-Eastern Africa. The Savannah is, in fact, divided into several subtypes, bearing significant differences from each other. We outline the basic ones:

GRASSLAND SAVANNAH

In this type of Savannah, only grasses can survive the temperatures and the scarcity of water and soil nutrients.

SHRUBLAND SAVANNAH

There, grasses are joined by small shrubs, usually deciduous or semi-evergreen. Occasionally, where there is deep water, you can also find isolated small trees (usually acacias and other drought-resistant species) or palms (usually Doum palms).

BUSHLAND SAVANNAH

Bushland Savannah is the intermediate area between Shrubland and Woodland Savannahs. It is probably the most diffused type of Savannah, and the one that hosts the bigger variety of animal life. There, in addition to grasses and shrubs, you can find a variety of larger bushes, small and medium-sized trees. You can sometimes also find the majestic lonesome Baobab.

WOODLAND SAVANNAH

Woodland Savannah hosts a variety of trees of small, medium and also large sizes, alternated with large clearings. Woodland Savannah only occurs where the yearly precipitations insure enough water quantity and change for the full development of trees. The ground is usually rockier than the other types of Savannah, and there are sometimes areas subject to seasonal floods (read about them later). Savannahs of course are only a part of the African landscape. Here’s the description of the other biomes:

XfrogPlants

AFRICA Another significant presence on the African continent is that of forests. There are, of course, different types of forest ecosystems. Here’s the main ones:

EQUATORIAL FOREST

Also called Rain Forest, this type of forest is found over the so-called Equatorial Belt, that is, the large longitudinal area that follows the Equator line from East to West. Due to differences in the land conformation, the Equatorial Belt is larger and denser on the West side of Africa than it is on the East side. This ecosystem is characterized by constant temperatures and constant, high levels of precipitation all year long. For this reason, it mostly hosts evergreen species.

RIVERINE (“TUNNEL”) FOREST

The riverine forest features a somehow similar vegetation to that of the Equatorial forests, but occurs only along rivers and streams, even on regions that are not Equatorial but more typically Tropical. This means that they can be found even on drier lands, and when seen from above, they look like big green tunnels running through ochre land — hence their name.

COASTAL AND DUNE FOREST

Coastal forest can have many sub-types depending on the shape and altitude of the land. It is impossible to cover them all here, but they have some common points: vegetation must be salttolerant, wind-resistant, and able to grow on very poor soils (rocky, gravely, or sandy).

SWAMP FOREST

Swamp forests host very different species compared to the other types of forest. There, the vegetation must be able to live in a partial or (like is the case of some plants) even total immersion in the waters. Mangroves are the most immediately recognizable vegetation of this type.

MOUNTAIN FOREST

AS the name suggests, these are the tropical forests that cover mountain sides. Being characterized by the altitude, they are usually formed by a mixture of conifers and broadleaves, both of which must be able to resist the occasional or seasonal tropical drought periods.

SEASONAL FLOOD AREAS

These areas are characterized by regular seasonal floods of water courses which afterwards retreat. They can occur in diverse areas (most commonly in low-altitude savannah plains) and are very different from the swamp forests, so you must not mistake one for the other. The vegetation on seasonal flood areas is usually formed by palms and hydrophilous tall plants.

XfrogPlants

AFRICA DESERTS

Deserts cover a large part of the African continent. There are several types and sub-types of deserts, but for ease we can summarize them into two main types: sandy deserts (such as Sahara), and rocky deserts. In Africa, you can find both, in many local sub-varieties. Vegetation life in deserts is usually limited to a few and very specialized species (usually succulents).

ARID AND SEMI-ARID AREAS

Arid areas are those areas surrounding the properly said deserts. Differently from deserts, arid areas feature subterranean waters (at different levels of depth), and receive a slightly larger and longer amount of precipitations. In the arid areas you can find succulents of tree-like sizes, but you also can occasionally find real trees, shrubs, and palms, located over underground waters.

MOUNTAIN GRASSLAND

Grasslands are not only found in lowâ&#x20AC;&#x201C; and mid-altitude savannahs, but also on mountain sides and table-land, where the altitude is too high for trees to grow, or the rainfall is too scarce, or the soil is too poor, or a combination of the above. Mountain Grassland looks significantly different from Grassland Savannah: it is usually much greener and more sparsely distributed.

MOUNTAIN BUSHLAND

You can find Mountain Shrubland at midâ&#x20AC;&#x201C; and high-altitudes, where the rainfall would allow for the growth of large trees but the soil is too rocky, steep, or poor in nutrients to host them. There, less demanding shrubs and small trees cover the land, usually in a sparse, low-density fashion.

XfrogPlants

01.

Umbrella Acacia

AFRICA

( Acacia tortilis )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Eastern and South-Eastern Africa Environment : Bushland and shrubland savannah; on hill slopes, river terraces, dry courses Climate : Hot, warm; drought-resistant African Names : Mgunga (Swahili), Ol-gorete, Ol-tepesi (Maasai) Notes : This is a very common species, widespread over most savannah Africa. There are about 100 Acacia species in Africa. This one can appear with flat or umbrella-shaped crown. When young, it curiously looks like a triangular shrub. The combination of the different age shapes gives the Eastern Africa savannah itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s typical look. Pods and leaves are highly nutritional. Elephants also eat the bark. Giraffes browse the foliage careless of the dense thorns.

Adult 15 m

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AFRICA

Medium 10 m

Young 3m shrubby

01. Umbrella Acacia ( Acacia tortilis )

XfrogPlants

02.

Arrow Poison

AFRICA

( Acokanthera venenata / oppositifolia )

Shrub/Tree, semi-evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Eastern and South-Eastern Africa Environment : Woodland savannah, dry forest margins, river forests Climate : Warm, mild; on well-drained soil African Names : Mururu (Kikuyu), Ol-morijoi (Maasai), Mukweu (Kamba) Notes : Arrows Poison is a small tree or shrub that is common in wooded places in a variety of South-Eastern Africa habitats. Like most members of Apocynaceae family (e.g. Oleander and Bottle Trees), it is lethally poisonous in all parts and in very small doses: a case has been recorded of a man who died by eating meat grilled on the fire of Arrow Poisonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s wood! As the name obviously implies, the bark, root and leaves are used to prepare poison for arrows.

Adult 7m

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AFRICA

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Medium (1) 4m Medium (2) 3m dead (higher branch detail)

02. Arrow Poison ( Acokanthera venenata / oppositifolia )

03.

Baobob

AFRICA

( Adansonia digitata )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Eastern Africa (from Sahara borders to Kenya, Tanzania, Botswana) Environment : Dry hot shrubland, bushland, and woodland savannah Climate : Hot, warm, mild; drought-tolerant; frost-intolerant African Names : Mbuyu (Swahili), Ol-mesera (Maasai), Maramba (Pare),

Isimuku (Zulu), Mowana (Tswana), Kremetartboom (Afrikaans)

Notes : Not really a tall tree (up to 20 m.), Baobab has a trunk that can grow larger than 10 meters! It grows single in open spaces because itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a too weak competitor for forests, due to itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s very slow growth. It is mostly found in hot dry areas, but this must not deceive: Baobabs thrive if planted in rainy areas, as long as the soil is well drained. Baobab is one of the longest living trees, the biggest exemplars being 2,000 years old. It can survive total cuts and fires.

Adult (1) 20 m

XfrogPlants

AFRICA

Medium 12 m polycormic

Adult (2) 14 m barren (higher branch detail)

03. Baobab ( Adansonia digitata )

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04.

Tree Aloe

AFRICA

( Aloe bainesii / barberae )

Arboreal Evergreen Plant Shape : Upright Origin : Natal (South Africa) Environment : Wooded ravines, coastal bush, high-rainfall mountain grassland Climate : Warm, mild, temperate; drought-tolerant; frost-intolerant African Names : Boomaalwyn (Afrikaans), Inkalane enkulu (Zulu) Notes : This solitary-growing, tree-looking succulent plant with a thick trunk and twoâ&#x20AC;&#x201C; or three-forked branches grows of preference on rocky ground and slopes. It can tolerate a wide range of temperatures and soil types, but requires a full sunlight or light shade position. It loves rainy summers, but tolerates drought. It is the largest of tree aloes, being able to sometimes reach heights of up to 18 meters!

Adult 10 m multi-branched

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AFRICA

XfrogPlants

Medium (1) 7m Medium (2) 4m

Young 1.5 m

04. Tree Aloe ( Aloe bainesii / barberae )

05.

Egyptian Carissa

AFRICA

( Carissa edulis )

Shrub/Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Eastern Africa (Ethiopia) Environment : Shrubland savannah, dry forest edges Climate : Hot, warm African Names : Mtanda-mboo (Swahili), Muyonza (Luganda), Manka (Chagga) Notes : Also known as Natal Plum, this scrambling, spiny shrub is widespread throughout Eastern Africa, from Southern Egypt to Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, down to Northernmost South Africa. It is the most commonly found shrub in bushland savannah. Carissa is used to treat malaria, intestinal worms and as pregnancy painkiller. The edible fruits are an alternative food source during famine.

Adult 5m

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AFRICA

Young 2m

Medium 3.5 m

05. Egyptian Carissa ( Carissa edulis )

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06.

River Wild Pear

AFRICA

( Dombeya kirkii )

Shrub/Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : South-Eastern Africa (Zimbabwe, Mozambique) Environment : Low-altitude bushland savannah, usually in riverline thickets Climate : Warm African Names : Rivierdrolpeer (Afrikaans) Notes : The Dombeya genus includes over 190 species of shrubs and small trees, all known for their large soft leaves and their blossoming. They usually grow at forest margins and along rivers, and thrive best in light shade. The River Wild Pear is typically found along rivers (hence the common name), grows very fast, and is much appreciated by black rhinos, who eat both the leaves and bark!

Adult 4m

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AFRICA

Medium 2.5 m

Young 1m

06. River Wild Pear ( Dombeya kirkii )

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07.

Kei Apple

AFRICA

( Dovyalis caffra / Aberia caffra )

Shrub/Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : South Africa Environment : Coastal forests, bushland savannah, riverline thickets Climate : Warm, mild, temperate; moderately frost-resistant African Names : Keiappel (Afrikaans), Kaiyaba (Kikuyu) Notes : The Kei Apple is a much-branched thorny shrub or small tree whose large orange fruits are edible, although acidic, and used to make excellent jam. It is a hardy species, that is often found at altitudes above 1,200 meters. It prefers well-drained soils. The foliage is a much appreciated food for wild animals. Kei Apples are tolerant of salt and drought, and often found as coastal shrub.

Adult 5m

XfrogPlants

AFRICA

Young 1.5 m

Medium 3m

07. Kei Apple ( Dovyalis caffra / Aberia caffra )

XfrogPlants

08.

Dragon Tree

AFRICA

XfrogPlants

( Dracaena draco )

Arboreal Evergreen Plant Shape : Upright, with rounded crown Origin : Canary Islands (large of Western Sahara coasts) Environment : Dry bush, at low altitudes, on rocky ground and slopes Climate : Hot, warm; in full sunlight; frost-intolerant

Notes : Dracaena is an African genus of arboreal plants. The Dragon Tree owes his name to the myth of the 11th labour of Hercules, who killed Landon, a hundredheaded dragon whose blood gave birth to this tree. A very slow grower, it takes it 15 or more years to reach an height of 1 meter! It is flowering that causes the branches to split, which happens regularly every 10 years and gives this plant itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s regular shape. The Dragon Tree can live very long, over 1,000 years.

Adult 10 m

AFRICA

Medium 5m

08. Dragon Tree ( Dracaena draco )

Young 3m

XfrogPlants

09.

Bushman’s River Cycad

AFRICA

( Encephalartos altensteinii )

Evergreen Cycad Shape : Broad Origin : Natal (South Africa) Environment : Coastal and river sites, in open shrubland or leaning

from steep rocky slopes; closed evergreen forests in valleys Climate : Warm, mild African Names : Oos-Kaapse broodboom (Afrikaans)

Notes : Also known as Eastern Cape Cycad, or Bread Tree Cycad, this species belongs to the Encephalartos genus, whose name, of Greek origin, means “bread in the head”. This refers to the Hottentots’ practice of burying the pith for two months before baking it as bread. The burial destroys the toxins in the pith. It is a longlived species, but like the whole genus, it is classified as endangered.

Adult 7m leaning from ravine

XfrogPlants

AFRICA

Young 1.5 m

Medium 4.5 m group

09. Bushmanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s River Cycad ( Encephalartos altensteinii )

XfrogPlants

10.

Forest Sandpaper Fig

AFRICA

( Ficus exasperata )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central Africa Environment : In evergreen forests, also in secondary forests Climate : Warm African Names : Woudskurwevy (Afrikaans), Msasa Notes : This species (one of the over 800 in the Ficus genus!) is widely distributed throughout Central Africa, from Mozambique, Zambia and Northern Angola to Senegal and Ethiopia. It is also found in Southernmost Arabian peninsula and Southern India. The leaves are very rough on both sides, and for this reason they are widely used as a substitute for sandpaper, and also for medical applications in traditional medicine.

Adult 18 m in clearing

XfrogPlants

AFRICA

XfrogPlants

Young 3m in forest, leaning for light

Medium 14 m in forest

10. Forest Sandpaper Fig ( Ficus exasperata )

11.

African Doum Palm

AFRICA

( Hyphaene thebaica )

Palm Shape : Branching; sparsely clustering Origin : Northern and North-Eastern Africa Environment : Open savannah, near coasts, along streams in arid inland Climate : Hot, warm; dry; highly salt– and draught-resistant African Names : Mkoma, Mkoche (Swahili), Eng’oli (Turkana), Mlala (Giriama) Notes : Also known as Gingerbread Palm, it is one of the very few truly branching palms. It can even grow in arid areas near deserts, as long as there are subsurface waters that it’s deeply penetrating roots can reach. It is a landmark of Eastern Africa bushland savannah, where it often appears mixed with flat-top acacias, and is heavily browsed by elephants. It was revered by early Egyptians and often depicted on their frescoes. Seeds have been found in Pharaos’ tombs.

Adult 10 m clump

XfrogPlants

AFRICA

Medium 6m

Young 4m

11. African Doum Palm ( Hyphaene thebaica )

XfrogPlants

12.

African Mahogany

AFRICA

( Khaya ivorensis )

Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : West Equatorial Africa (Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria) Environment : Equatorial forests, riverine fringe forests Climate : Warm; humid African Names : Akuk, Bandoro, Degema, Acajou, Bisselon, Bitehi, Diala iri, Eri Kiree, Ogwango

Notes : The African Mahogany is one of the largest jungle trees, often 45 m. tall. It is widely diffused, in several local varieties, throughout the Equatorial region of West Africa. It can grow in a multi-trunk shape. The scarcity of Hondurasâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; true Mahogany has led to an increasing use of African Mahogany for timber wood use. The wood is excellent for furniture and boat building.

Adult 30 m polycormic

XfrogPlants

AFRICA

Medium 15 m

12. African Mahogany ( Khaya ivorensis )

Young 5m

XfrogPlants

13.

Wild Peach

AFRICA

( Kiggelaria africana )

Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Southern Africa Environment : Inland and coastal forests, wooded ravines, rocky outcrops in

grasslands, bushland and woodland savannah Climate : Warm, mild; in full sunlight; moderately frost-hardy African Names : Wildeperske (Afrikaans), umKokoko (Xhosa), uMunwe (Zulu)

Notes : This robust low-branching tree is widely diffused in Southern Africa, from Kenya to Western Cape. Some people think that touching it will attract lighting, but the South Sotho use it to protect their kraals. The common name is because of the juvenile leaves being similar to Peach tree leaves. Many birds choose this tree as their home, because of the evergreen foliage.

Adult 20 m

XfrogPlants

AFRICA

Young 3m Medium 7m

13. Wild Peach ( Kiggelaria africana )

XfrogPlants

14.

African Boxwood

AFRICA

( Myrsine africana )

Shrub, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Rounded Origin : Southern and Eastern Africa Environment : Forest margins, bush clumps, in sunlight or shade Climate : Warm, mild; salt-resistant African Names : Mirting (Afrikaans) Notes : Also known as Cape Myrtle, this densely branched shrub grows on well-drained soil and is sometimes considered an invasive weed. It is salt-hardy and for this reason often found along coasts in the Cape region of South Africa. In Ethiopia and Kenya the African Boxwood is widely used for treatment of malaria, tuberculosis and tape worm disease. Crushed leaves are aromatic. An almost identical species grows in Eastern Asia.

model 1 2m clump

XfrogPlants

AFRICA

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model 3 1m single, withered

model 2 1.5 m single

14. African Boxwood ( Myrsine africana )

15.

Triangle Palm

AFRICA

( Neodypsis decaryi )

Palm Shape : Triangular Origin : South-Eastern Madagascar Environment : Dry forests, on poor soil, in full sunlight or partial shade Climate : Warm; moderately cold-resistant; extremely draught-resistant

Notes : The Triangle Palm is immediately unmistakeable, because of the leaves precisely arranged in three planes of symmetrical columns. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s native of a very small region of South-eastern Madagascar, where it is seriously threatened of extinction because people collects so many seeds for export that the palms can not regenerate themselves. The extraordinary visual charm of this species is turning it into a more and more successful landscape decoration item.

Adult 8m

XfrogPlants

AFRICA

Medium 4m Young 2m

15. Triangle Palm ( Neodypsis decaryi )

XfrogPlants

16.

Large Bottle Tree

AFRICA

( Pachypodium geayi )

Arboreal plant Shape : Upright Origin : South-western Madagascar Environment : On rocky slopes, in full sunlight, on very well drained soil Climate : Hot, warm, mild; dry or arid; extremely draught-resistant

Notes : Pachypodium is a genus of African succulent arboreal plants that comprises 23 species, 18 native of Madagascar and 5 native of the continent. They are all xerophyte, meaning that they live in dry or even arid conditions, both because of the long dry season (up to 10 months) and because they grow on rocky, sandy or gravely soils, that do not retain water and nutrients. They can survive cold winters, but their leaves die and they fall in dormant state. The big trunk of Pachypodium geayi resembles a bottle shape, hence the common name.

Adult 10 m

XfrogPlants

AFRICA

Medium 5m Young 1.5 m

16. Large Bottle Tree ( Pachypodium geayi )

XfrogPlants

17.

Senegal Date Palm

AFRICA

( Phoenix reclinata )

Palm Shape : clumping; broad spreading Origin : Equatorial Africa Environment : along rivers, swamps, in forest clearings, on rocky mountain

sides, coastal dunes, seasonally flooded bushland savannah Climate : Hot, warm; cold-intolerant African Names : Mkindu (Swahili), Makindu (Kamba), Olpiroo (Arusha)

Notes : Also known as African Wild Date Palm, this densely clumping palmâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Latin name reclinata hints at the way the outer stems gently bend and lean forward. This species suckers vigorously, and an adult clump can sometimes count even 20 stems! Wild and unpruned, it quickly forms walls of clumps that are nearly impenetrable to man. It grows from sea level to 3,000 m. altitude, in full sunlight.When occurring in low-altitude bushveld, it is browsed by elephants.

Adult 15 m leaning

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AFRICA

Young 4m

Medium 9m leaning

17. Senegal Date Palm ( Phoenix reclinata )

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AFRICA

Baby 2m

Root Suckers 1.5 m

17. Senegal Date Palm ( Phoenix reclinata )

XfrogPlants

18.

Yellowwood

AFRICA

( Podocarpus falcatus )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Eastern and South-Eastern Africa Environment : Upland rain forests; occasionally in coastal and sand forests Climate : Warm, mild, temperate; humid African Names : Ol-pirripirri (Maasai), Muthengera (Kikuyu), Mvavavi (Chagga), Outeniekwageelhout (Afrikaans), Umsonti (Zulu)

Notes : This beautiful conifer is reported to occasionally reach heights of 45 to 60 m. (which make of it one of the tallest African trees), but is more often found at adult heights of 25-30 m. It is an upland forest tree, usually growing in the altitude range from 1,500 to 2,400 m. The Maasai people use itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s bark to cure stomachache. The wood is excellent quality, used for furniture and sculpture.

Adult 25 m

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AFRICA

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Medium 15 m

Young 6m

18. Yellowwood ( Podocarpus falcatus )

19.

White (Giant) Bird Of Paradise

AFRICA

( Strelitzia nicolai )

Arboreal Plant Shape : Upright; clumping Origin : South-Eastern Africa (Eastern Cape, Natal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique) Environment : Coastal dune vegetation, evergreen coastal forests Climate : Warm, mild; salt- and drought-tolerant; frost-intolerant African Names : Natal Wieldepiesang (Afrikaans), Igceba (Zulu), Ikhamanga Notes : Also known as Natal Wild Banana (but not related to real Banana), this spectacular plant is sometimes classified as tree because of the huge dimensions (up to 12 m. high and 4 m. wide) and the tough stem. It grows in dense clumps created by roots suckers. The leaf blades can reach a length of 2 m. Its dense formations offer a vital shelter to many bird species of the sea and river.

Adult 12 m inside clump

XfrogPlants

AFRICA

Medium 5m Young 2m

Baby 1m

19. White (Giant) Bird Of Paradise ( Strelitzia nicolai )

XfrogPlants

20.

Tamarind

AFRICA

( Tamarindus indica )

Tree, semi-evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Equatorial Africa (from Nigeria to Madagascar) Environment : Woodland savannah (often on termitaria), river forests Climate : Warm to hot (tolerates big heat); frost-intolerant. African Names : Timbingo (Mandinka) Dakah (Wollof) Mkwaju (Swahili) Mukoge (Luganda) Moya (Chagga) Tamarind (Afrikaans)

Notes : Native to Africa, Tamarind is spread today all over the Tropics, especially in India (hence the name). Native to humid regions, it tolerates prolonged draught, so you can even find it near deserts! Since the pods (of great food value) are harvested in the dry season, Tamarind is often planted by tropical farmers to minimise the risk of crop failure. It can grow up to 25 mt tall and 12 mt wide, with a lifespan of 200 years. It can produce up to half a ton of pods per year!

Adult 25 m

XfrogPlants

AFRICA

Medium 15 m Young 5m

20. Tamarind ( Tamarindus indica )

XfrogPlants

XfrogPlants | Autumn

XfrogPlants Autumn Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:

(with Alpha) (with Alpha)

www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support

Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures are copyright: © 2001 - 2014 Xfrog Inc Contact: Email: Support3@xfrog.com Visit http://xfrog.com/company/contact for phone and address All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business.

XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation

Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler

Jan Heuschele : Modeler

Tany Heider : Rendering

Karin Rudokas : Research and Development

Peter Fantke : Research and Development

Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development

Oliver Deussen : Research and Development

Stewart McSherry : Product Manager

01.

Japanese Maple

AUTUMN

( Acer palmatum )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : West Asia Environment : Forests Climate : Mild Notes :

The Japanese Maple is widely diffused in city parks all over the world, because of the gorgeous Autumn colours. Many cultivars have been produced of this tree, with different leaf sizes and colours. The Japanese Maple is sensitive to late frost and should be planted in a sheltered position. Japanese name : Iroha-momiji.

Adult 15 m

XfrogPlants

AUTUMN

Medium 7m

01. Japanese Maple ( Acer palmatum )

Young 3.5 m

XfrogPlants

02.

Norway Maple

AUTUMN

( Acer platanoides )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Europe (from Norway to Spain and Italy) Environment : Humid forests, from sea level to 1.200 m. Climate : Mild, temperate, cool Notes :

A fast-growing tree, the Norway Maple grows preferably (like most maples) on a humid, well-drained soil. It loves both sun and half-shade. It is often planted in cities because it is pollution-resistant, and for the Autumn leaves which are often multi-coloured (red, yellow, and all shades in between).

Adult 20 m

XfrogPlants

AUTUMN

Medium 14 m

Young 5.5 m

02. Norway Maple ( Acer platanoides )

XfrogPlants

03.

Sycamore Maple

AUTUMN

( Acer pseudoplatanus )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Southeast of Europe, Southwest of Asia Environment : mountain forests, up to 1,600 m. and above Climate : cool, cold Notes :

Also known as Sycamore Maple, the Mountain Maple is the largest of all maples. It grows fast, on deep, humid soils, in both sunlight or partial shade. The creamcoloured wood is highly prized for furniture and musical instruments. The name â&#x20AC;&#x153;pseudoplatanusâ&#x20AC;? underlines the similarity of the leaves with those of the Planetree.

Adult 26 m

XfrogPlants

AUTUMN

Medium 15 m Young 4.5 m

03. Sycamore Maple ( Acer pseudoplatanus )

XfrogPlants

04.

Silver Maple

AUTUMN

( Acer saccharinum )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : East of North America (from Quebec to Florida) Environment : Humid places, river sides, on humid, well-drained soil Climate : Mild, temperate, cool Notes :

The Silver Maple is a very fast growing, elegant tree often used for urban decoration. The back side of leaves has a silvery colour (hence the name), while the front side turns yellow-orange in Autumn. It likes full sunlight. It is cold-resistant, but the fragile wood is often broken by strong winds.

Adult 30 m

XfrogPlants

AUTUMN

Young 4m Medium 14 m

04. Silver Maple ( Acer saccharinum )

XfrogPlants

05.

Horse Chestnut

AUTUMN

( Aesculus hippocastanum )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Southeast of Europe (Albania, Northern Greece) Environment : Mountain forests, up to 1,300 m. Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

Often used for urban decoration because of the beautiful shape, springtime blossoms and dense summer shadows. The â&#x20AC;&#x153;Horse Chestnutâ&#x20AC;? name derives from an old Turkish habit of grinding the seeds for use as curative food for winded horses. One of the most popular trees for decorating city boulevards.

Adult 34.5 m

XfrogPlants

AUTUMN

XfrogPlants

Young 4m

Medium 14 m

05. Horse Chestnut ( Aesculus hippocastanum )

06.

Serviceberry

AUTUMN

( Amelanchier arborea )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central and Eastern USA Environment : Woodland, stream banks Climate : Mild Notes :

The Serviceberry is a very much appreciated tree for urban decoration because it makes spectacular sets in Spring (with clusters of white blossoms), Summer (with red fruits) and Autumn (with deep orange or red leaves). It requires humid, well-drained soils.

Adult 13 m

XfrogPlants

AUTUMN

Young 3.5 m

Medium 6.5 m

06. Serviceberry ( Amelanchier arborea )

XfrogPlants

07.

European Beech

AUTUMN

( Fagus sylvatica )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Europe (from Norway to Sicily) Environment : Mountain forests from 600 to 1.700 m. altitude Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

The European Beech is one of Europeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s widest-ranged mountain trees. The slow growth rate, however, is causing itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s progressive replacement with the faster-growing spruce trees. The ground of beech forests is acid because of the very little light passing through. The beech wood can be easily bent, and has balsamic properties.

Adult 27 m

XfrogPlants

AUTUMN

Medium 17 m Young 1.5 m

07. European Beech ( Fagus sylvatica )

XfrogPlants

08.

Ginkgo

AUTUMN

( Ginko biloba )

Tree, deciduous ginkgo Shape : Broad conical Origin : China (long-time extinct in nature) Environment : Wild environment unknown Climate : Temperate Notes :

The Ginkgo (250 millions of years old) is one of the most ancient living beings on earth. It’s reproductive system is so old that no tree today has a similar one (only ferns and a few other plants). A long-time extinct in nature, Ginkgo has been preserved by monks, who cultivated it for thousands of years for it’s medical qualities. It is immune to pollution and to almost all of today’s parasites. Japanese name : Ichou.

Adult 30 m

XfrogPlants

AUTUMN

Medium 15 m

Young 6m

08. Ginkgo ( Ginkgo biloba )

XfrogPlants

09.

Honeylocust

AUTUMN

( Gleditsia triacanthos f. Inermis )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central North America Environment : fertile humid forests Climate : mild, temperate, cool Notes :

Gleditsiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s strong thorns (but the Inermis form is thornless) are the reason why it has been used to reinforce cattle fences. The fast growth and strong roots make it ideal for wasted areas where the ground is unstable. It is cold-resistant but short-lived. It was named after the famous German botanist Johann Gottlieb Gleditsch.

Adult 40 m

XfrogPlants

AUTUMN

Young 6m

Medium 19 m

09. Honeylocust ( Gleditsia triacanthos f. Inermis )

XfrogPlants

10.

European Walnut

AUTUMN

( Juglans regia )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Southeast of Europe, West Asia Environment : Valleys and river sides, in full sunlight, up to 1,000 m. Climate : Mild Notes :

Also known as Persian Walnut or English Walnut, this tree grows on fresh fertile soil, and is intolerant of both stagnation and dryness. The walnuts are highly appreciated, and the very strong wood is prized amongst the best for furniture. In the Middle Ages, the similarity of the fruit with the human brain led to the belief that it could cure mental illness.

Adult 30 m

XfrogPlants

AUTUMN

Young 6.5 m

Medium 17 m

10. European Walnut ( Juglans regia )

XfrogPlants

11.

Crape Myrtle

AUTUMN

( Lagerstroemia indica )

Shrub/Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Shrubby, broad spreading Origin : West Asia (China, Japan) Environment : Open, sunny places Climate : Mild, warm Notes :

The Crape Myrtle is a very decorative shrub or small tree, because of the Summer blooming and thanks to the leaves that turn orange and red in the late Autumn. It grows on deep, fertile soils. It does not stand deep frost and cold.

Adult 7m

XfrogPlants

AUTUMN

Medium 4m

11. Crape Myrtle ( Lagerstroemia indica )

Young 2.5 m

XfrogPlants

12.

European Larch

AUTUMN

( Larix decidua )

Tree, deciduous conifer Shape : Narrow Conical Origin : Central Europe Environment : Mountains, from 600 to 2,500 m., in full sunlight Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

A true mountain tree, the European Larch usually does not grow below 600 m., although it can be damaged by late frost. It is a useful species because it can grow on fire-wasted areas. It needs abundant light and space, and does not like humidity. The excellent wood is highly prized. In Autumn the leaves turn yellow and fall.

Adult 32 m

XfrogPlants

AUTUMN

Medium 19 m

Young 8m

12. European Larch ( Larix decidua )

XfrogPlants

13.

Tuliptree

AUTUMN

( Liriodendron tulipifera )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Northeast of North America Environment : hill forests, in sunny places, on deep, humid soil Climate : mild, temperate Notes :

The Tuliptree (Indiana, Kentucky and Tennessee State tree), called after the shape of the blossoms, is a very ancient species. It is drought-intolerant. The tall size of the trunk made Tuliptree the tree of choice for Native Americans to build long canoes. Today it is often found in city parks because of the beautiful Autumn colour.

Adult 32 m

XfrogPlants

AUTUMN

Young 4m Medium 27 m

13. Tuliptree ( Liriodendron tulipifera )

XfrogPlants

14.

London Planetree

AUTUMN

( Platanus x acerifolia )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Spontaneous garden crossover Environment : humid places and mountain forests, on deep, fertile soil Climate : mild, temperate Notes :

The London Plane tree is a spontaneous crossover between the Oriental Plane tree and the American Plane tree, which happened in a London garden (hence the name). It is considered to be more resistant to parasites than itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s parents, so it is often the Plane tree of choice for urban decoration, especially in Europe.

Adult 32 m

XfrogPlants

AUTUMN

Young 4.5 m

Medium 20 m

14. London Planetree ( Platanus x acerifolia )

XfrogPlants

15.

Lombardy Poplar

AUTUMN

( Populus nigra var. Italica )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Upright columnar Origin : Italy (Lombardy) Environment : planted by man in the countryside, at low altitudes Climate : mild, temperate Notes :

The Lombardy Poplar is the result of a spontaneous genetic anomaly in a Black Poplar exemplar located in Lombardy (Italy), in the 18th. Century. The branches were then used to propagate the new variety, which in only 200 years became one of the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s most popular for decoration of the countryside. It exists only as male, so it can not reproduce itself spontaneously.

Adult 30 m

XfrogPlants

AUTUMN

Medium 18 m

15. Lombardy Poplar ( Populus nigra var. Italica )

Young 8m

XfrogPlants

16.

English Oak

AUTUMN

XfrogPlants

( Quercus robur )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Europe Environment : Plain and hill forests Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

The English Oak used to be one of the most diffused trees on the European plains and hills. Today only a small portion of the old oak forests remain. The Latin name â&#x20AC;&#x153;roburâ&#x20AC;? hints at the sturdiness of the wood, which is resistant but easy to work, and therefore widely used to build houses and ships.

Adult 27 m

AUTUMN

Medium 15 m

Young 5m

16. English Oak ( Quercus robur )

XfrogPlants

17.

Red Oak

AUTUMN

( Quercus rubra )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Northeast of North America Environment : Mountain forests, on deep, well-drained soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

The Red Oak (Prince Edward Island provincial tree) is not a competitive species and needs space and sun to grow. The very fast growth rate (2,5 m. per year) and the tolerance of cold and of acidic soils make it important for wood production. The bark, rich in tannin, is used by the leather industry.

Adult 20 m

XfrogPlants

AUTUMN

Medium 13 m Young 6.5 m

17. Red Oak ( Quercus rubra )

XfrogPlants

18.

Bald Cypress

AUTUMN

( Taxodium distichum )

Tree, deciduous conifer Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Southeast of North America Environment : Swamps and river sides Climate : Mild, warm Notes :

The Bald Cypress (Louisiana State tree) grows in the swamps, in low stagnating waters. To get oxygen, the roots grow out of the ground and above the waters, giving the tree itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s unique look. When planted in nonstagnating soils, the roots donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t show up. In Autumn the leaves turn to a rusty red colour and fall (hence the name).

Adult 30 m

XfrogPlants

AUTUMN

Young 7.5 m

Medium 22 m

18. Bald Cypress ( Taxodium distichum )

XfrogPlants

19.

Littleleaf Linden

AUTUMN

( Tilia cordata )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Europe, West Asia Environment : Hill forests, on dry calcareous soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

The Littleleaf Linden used to be widespread on the hills of Europe before the expansion of agriculture and cities. The excellent wood is used for guitars and piano keys. The flowers are sedative and diuretic. Ancient Greeks sacred it to Aphrodite, because they associated the intense blooming smell with the feminine ideal.

Adult 25 m

XfrogPlants

AUTUMN

Medium 18 m

19. Littleleaf Linden ( Tilia cordata )

Young 5m

XfrogPlants

20.

Smooth-leaved Elm

AUTUMN

( Ulmus minor )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Southern Europe, Northern Africa, Western Asia Environment : Forests, forest slopes, wild plains, river and stream banks Climate : Mild Notes :

The Smooth-leaved Elm is a widespread European elm. It is endangered by graphiosis, a disease which will lead all Elm species to a sure extinction. Before the disease spread out, the Smooth-leaved Elm used to grow practically everywhere in Southern Central Europe. Ironically, it is one of the most pollution-resistant species.

Adult 30 m

XfrogPlants

AUTUMN

Medium 15 m

Young 6m

20. Smooth-leaved Elm ( Ulmus minor )

XfrogPlants

XfrogPlants | Basic

XfrogPlants BASIC Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:

(with Alpha) (with Alpha)

www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support

XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation

Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler

Jan Heuschele : Modeler

Tany Heider : Rendering

Karin Rudokas : Research and Development

Peter Fantke : Research and Development

Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development

Oliver Deussen : Research and Development

Stewart McSherry : Product Manager

01.

Horse Chestnut

BASIC

( Aesculus hippocastanum )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Southeast of Europe (Albania, Northern Greece) Environment : Mountain forests, up to 1,300 m. Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

Adult 20 m

XfrogPlants

BASIC

Young 4m Medium 14 m

01. Horse Chestnut ( Aesculus hippocastanum )

XfrogPlants

02.

Sweet Birch

BASIC

( Betula lenta )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Northeast of North America (Ontario and big lakes region) Environment : Humid forests Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

Like the other birches, Sweet Birch too has a short life span. It is an important tree for economy: itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s wood is used as building material for houses and ships. The bark and branches are aromatic and they are used to distil an oil.

Adult 18 m

XfrogPlants

BASIC

Young 6m Medium 12 m

02. Sweet Birch ( Betula lenta )

XfrogPlants

03.

Grey Birch

BASIC

( Betula populifolia )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Northeast of USA (New England, coastal provinces and states) Environment : Mountain forests, prairies Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :

Grey Birch is one of the shortest-living trees (it rarely lives longer than 30 years). It can grow on diverse soils, humid or dry, sandy or loamy. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a pioneer tree, often the first species to re-colonize wasted or deserted lands, where itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s presence protects the growth of more delicate species.

Adult 12 m

XfrogPlants

BASIC

Medium 6m

Young 4m

03. Grey Birch ( Betula populifolia )

XfrogPlants

04.

Pecan

XfrogPlants

( Carya illinoensis )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Southern USA (Mississippi valley) Environment : Forests and river valleys, on humid, deep sandy soil Climate : Mild Notes :

BASIC

The nuts of Pecan are of excellent quality, but the tree is not widely cultivated because the nuts get ripe only in the native regions. Pecan stands the pollution very well, but the wide and dense foliage is not opportune for urban decoration. The word â&#x20AC;&#x153;Pecanâ&#x20AC;? comes from the Algonquian native American tribe.

Adult 25 m

BASIC

Medium 15 m

Young 7m

04. Pecan ( Carya illinoensis )

XfrogPlants

05.

Shagbark Hickory

BASIC

( Carya ovata )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Northeast of North America (from Quebec to Texas and Georgia) Environment : Fertile forests and valleys Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

The name “Shagbark” is because of the long (up to 30 cm.) “chips” of bark, that scientist suppose are a natural defensive “strategy” of the tree against predators of nuts (like squirrels). The word “Hickory” is of native American origin: “pawcohiccora” was the name of the oily food made with the grinded seeds mixed with boiling water.

Adult 25 m

XfrogPlants

BASIC

Young 4m

Medium 15 m

05. Shagbark Hickory ( Carya ovata )

XfrogPlants

06.

Lawsonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Falsecypress

BASIC

( Chamaecyparis lawsoniana )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West coast of USA (from Oregon to California) Environment : Steep mountain sides and canyons, on deep soil Climate : Mild Notes :

This tree loves oceanic climate, with mild winters and cool summers. It prefers to grow sheltered from direct sun. In city parks it can only grow half as tall compared to the native environment. The hard, resistant wood is often used for critical building uses. Also known as Port Orford Cedar.

Adult 30 m

XfrogPlants

BASIC

XfrogPlants

Young 7.5 m Medium 15 m

06. Lawsonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Falsecypress ( Chamaecyparis lawsoniana )

07.

European Beech

BASIC

( Fagus sylvatica )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Europe (from Norway to Sicily) Environment : Mountain forests from 600 to 1.700 m. altitude Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

Adult 27 m

XfrogPlants

BASIC

XfrogPlants

Young 1.5 m

Medium 17 m

07. European Beech ( Fagus sylvatica )

08.

Southern Magnolia

BASIC

( Magnolia grandiflora )

Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad conical Origin : Southeast of USA, Mexico (gulf area) Environment : On river sides and humid places of coastal plains Climate : Warm, mild Notes :

The Southern Magnolia (Mississippi State tree) grows very slowly, on deep, fertile neutral or acidic soils. It is frost-intolerant. It starts blooming only at 20 years of age. The long-lasting, big Summer blossoms made it one of the most appreciated decorative trees all over the world (where climate allows).

Adult 15 m

XfrogPlants

BASIC

Young 4m

Medium 10 m

08. Southern Magnolia ( Magnolia grandiflora )

XfrogPlants

09.

Norway Spruce

BASIC

( Picea abies )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Northern and Central Europe (from Norway to the Alps) Environment : Mountain forests up to 2,000 m., on humid soil Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

The Norway Spruce is the traditional Christmas tree for all Europe. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the most important European conifer, with a native range from Scandinavia to Siberia to the Alps. The wood is of excellent quality and appreciated for making violins and furniture. In the ancient ages, it was used to prepare pitch, and the bark for tanning hides.

Adult 25 m

XfrogPlants

BASIC

Medium 10 m Young 3.5 m

09. Norway Spruce ( Picea abies )

XfrogPlants

10.

Colorado Spruce

BASIC

( Picea pungens )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West of USA (Rocky Mountains) Environment : Mountain slopes and river sides, from 1,800 to 3,000 m. Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

The Colorado Spruce (Colorado and Utah State tree) grows of preference in pure or mixed conifer woods, on very humid soils, even in bogs. It is extremely coldresistant. It is often also used for urban decorations of city parks, because of the elegant shape.

Adult 20 m

XfrogPlants

BASIC

Medium 10 m

Young 5m

10. Colorado Spruce ( Picea pungens )

XfrogPlants

11.

Mugo Pine

BASIC

( Pinus mugo )

Shrub/Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Shrubby, broad spreading Origin : Europe (Alps) Environment : Alpine slopes and thickets, from 1,500 to 2,700 m. Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

The Mugo Pine is easily recognizable because of the prostrate shape, with dense laying branches pointing upwards. Only rarely it grows tree-tall. It plays a very important role in the Alpine ecosystem, because it shelters young trees and trunks of older trees from the freezing winds. It also creates a natural barrier against avalanches.

Adult 2.5 m

XfrogPlants

BASIC

Young 1m

Medium 1.5 m

11. Mugo Pine ( Pinus mugo )

XfrogPlants

12.

Austrian Pine

BASIC

( Pinus nigra )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Southeast of Europe (from Eastern Alps to Greece) Environment : Mountains and hills, on rocky calcareous soil Climate : Mild, temperate, cool Notes :

Also known as European Black Pine, The Austrian Black Pine is often used as pioneer species on wasted areas, because it tolerates arid soils. Although not a mountain tree, it is cold-tolerant. It needs a lot of vertical light, but can stand lateral density, so woods of Black Pine are often dense with trunks. It is called â&#x20AC;&#x153;blackâ&#x20AC;? because of the dark needles.

Adult 26 m

XfrogPlants

BASIC

XfrogPlants

Medium 16 m Young 7m

12. Austrian Pine ( Pinus nigra )

13.

London Planetree

BASIC

( Platanus x acerifolia )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Spontaneous garden crossover Environment : humid places and mountain forests, on deep, fertile soil Climate : mild, temperate Notes :

Adult 32 m

XfrogPlants

BASIC

Medium 20 m Young 7m

13. London Planetree ( Platanus x acerifolia )

XfrogPlants

14.

Lombardy Poplar

BASIC

( Populus nigra var. Italica )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Upright columnar Origin : Italy (Lombardy) Environment : Planted by man in the countryside, at low altitudes Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

Adult 30 m

XfrogPlants

BASIC

Medium 18 m

Young 8m

14. Lombardy Poplar ( Populus nigra var. Italica )

XfrogPlants

15.

Weeping Willow

BASIC

XfrogPlants

( Salix babylonica )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad weeping Origin : China Environment : Wild environment unknown, usually planted next to ponds Climate : Mild, temperate

Notes :

Introduced in Europe from China in 1692, the Weeping Willow has become since then one of the most popular decorative trees everywhere. It is not to be found wild anymore. The name â&#x20AC;&#x153;babylonicaâ&#x20AC;? comes from an erroneous interpretation of the Bible; the tree was in fact unknown in the Middle East at the time.

Adult 12 m

BASIC

Medium 8m

Young 3.5 m

15. Weeping Willow ( Salix babylonica )

XfrogPlants

16.

Sassafras

BASIC

( Sassafras albidum )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Northeast of North America (from Ontario to Central Florida) Environment : Valleys and plains, on fertile, deep non-calcareous soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

The Sassafras loves full sunlight and is frost-intolerant. It is often planted in city parks because of the autumn colours. The roots have medical usefulness, and are also used to produce a tea and to give flavour to soft drinks. The leaves, when rubbed, produce a distinctive smell similar to orange and vanilla.

Adult 16 m

XfrogPlants

BASIC

Medium 10 m

Young 4m

16. Sassafras ( Sassafras albidum )

XfrogPlants

17.

European Mountain Ash

BASIC

( Sorbus aucuparia )

Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Shrubby, broad conical Origin : Europe, Northern Africa, Asia Environment : Alpine forests, moorland, on moist, acetous soil Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

The Latin â&#x20AC;&#x153;aucupariaâ&#x20AC;? is because in the past, the berries of this tree were used as bird lure. Rich in vitamins, they were also medication to cure scurvy. In Scotland and Scandinavia this tree was believed to keep the Devil away, and planted in front of churches and houses. Celtic druids sacred this tree to the goddess Brigid.

Adult 16 m

XfrogPlants

BASIC

Medium 8.5 m

Young 4m

17. European Mountain Ash ( Sorbus aucuparia )

XfrogPlants

18.

English Yew

BASIC

( Taxus baccata )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Northern Africa, Southeast of Europe Environment : In the shade of broadleaf forests, on calcareous soil Climate : Mild Notes :

In spite of the name, the English Yew is a Southern tree. It is very poisonous for man: ancient Romans called it the â&#x20AC;&#x153;death treeâ&#x20AC;? and wore the branches as mourning ornament. Horses and cows can eat it. A very ancient species (already present in the Tertiary era), it has a very long life: there are exemplars older than 1,500 years.

Adult 16 m

XfrogPlants

BASIC

Medium 10.5 m Young 4.5 m

18. English Yew ( Taxus baccata )

XfrogPlants

19.

Western Red Cedar

BASIC

( Thuja plicata )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Northwest of North America (from Alaska to California) Environment : Mountains, on fresh soil Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

The Western Red Cedar (British Columbia provincial tree) is not really a cedar, but a tree of the Cypress family. It loves snowy winters and cool humid summers. Native Americans were aware that the wood is waterproof, and used it to build canoes and totems. Because of the majestic look, it is a popular choice for city parks.

Adult 30 m

XfrogPlants

BASIC

Medium 20 m

Young 6m

19. Western Red Cedar ( Thuja plicata )

XfrogPlants

20.

Littleleaf Linden

BASIC

( Tilia cordata )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Europe, West Asia Environment : Hill forests, on dry calcareous soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

Adult 25 m

XfrogPlants

BASIC

Medium 18 m

20. Littleleaf Linden ( Tilia cordata )

Young 5m

XfrogPlants

XfrogPlants | Blossoming

XfrogPlants BLOSSOMING Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:

(with Alpha) (with Alpha)

www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support

XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation

Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler

Jan Heuschele : Modeler

Tany Heider : Rendering

Karin Rudokas : Research and Development

Peter Fantke : Research and Development

Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development

Oliver Deussen : Research and Development

Stewart McSherry : Product Manager

01.

Judas Tree

BLOSSOMING

( Cercis siliquastrum )

Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Whole Mediterranean area Environment : Forests, on calcareous soils, up to 400 m. Climate : Warm, mild, temperate Bloom : April Notes :

Here shown in itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s gorgeous springtime bloom, the Judas tree is often found in urban parks and gardens. The legend says that Judah hanged himself to this tree after having betrayed Jesus Christ, and the popular belief indicate this as the reason why the blossoms are of a blood-like colour. Also known as Redbud.

Adult 10.5 m

XfrogPlants

BLOSSOMING

Medium 6.5 m

Young 4.5 m

01. Judas Tree ( Cercis siliquastrum )

XfrogPlants

02.

Kousa Dogwood

BLOSSOMING

( Cornus kousa )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Japan, China, Korea Environment : Mountain forests Climate : Mild, temperate, cool Bloom : June Notes :

Also known as Japanese Dogwood, this tree is a popular choice for parks and gardens because of the elegantshaped and visible white bracts that surround itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s flowers. The fruits are red, small and clustered, with a consistent flesh similar to that of strawberries; they are edible.

Adult 15 m

XfrogPlants

BLOSSOMING

Medium 9.5 m

Young 4.5 m

02. Kousa Dogwood ( Cornus kousa )

XfrogPlants

03.

Golden Chain

BLOSSOMING

( Laburnum anagyroides )

Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Shape : broad spreading Origin : Central and Southern Europe Environment : open broadleaf forests, from sea level to 800 m. Climate : mild Bloom : May Notes :

The Golden Chain needs sunny places, and although it likes calcareous soils better, it can also grow on acidic soils. The wood is very much valued and is used for handicraft works. The Golden Chain can be found in cities because of the gorgeous blooming, but it is not planted often since it is poisonous in all of itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s parts, including the flowers.

Adult 6m

XfrogPlants

BLOSSOMING

Medium 4.5 m

Young 3m

03. Golden Chain ( Laburnum anagyroides )

XfrogPlants

04.

Crape Myrtle

BLOSSOMING

XfrogPlants

( Lagerstroemia indica )

Shrub/Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Shrubby, broad spreading Origin : West Asia (China, Japan) Environment : Open, sunny places Climate : Mild, warm Bloom : July - October Notes :

Adult 7m

BLOSSOMING

Medium 4m

04. Crape Myrtle ( Lagerstroemia indica )

Young 2.5 m

XfrogPlants

05.

Southern Magnolia

BLOSSOMING

( Magnolia grandiflora )

Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad conical Origin : Southeast of USA, Mexico (gulf area) Environment : On river sides and humid places of coastal plains Climate : Warm, mild Bloom : June-July Notes :

Adult 15 m

XfrogPlants

BLOSSOMING

Medium 10 m

05. Southern Magnolia ( Magnolia grandiflora )

Young 4m

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06.

Saucer Magnolia

BLOSSOMING

XfrogPlants

( Magnolia x soulangeana )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Garden cultivar Environment : Cultivations and gardens Climate : Mild Bloom : March - April Notes :

This tree is a hybrid of two Asian Magnolia species. It has deciduous leaves and the flowers appear in Spring, before, or together with, the first leaves. Originally with white tepals, a very popular cultivar has been also produced with a purple blush at the base which fades into white.

Adult 9m

BLOSSOMING

Medium 5m Young 3m

06. Saucer Magnolia ( Magnolia x soulangeana )

XfrogPlants

07.

Apple Tree

BLOSSOMING

( Malus domestica )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Garden variety of the native European tree (Malus sylvestris) Environment : Forests and thickets, up to 1.200 m. Climate : Temperate, cool Bloom : April - May Notes :

The Common (Garden) Apple tree is a garden species derived from the Wild Apple (Malus sylvestris), a tree that can still be found in the wild in the forests of Central-Southern Europe. The most visible difference between the species is the absence, in the Garden Apple tree, of the small thorns that are present on the branches of the Wild Apple.

Adult 10 m

XfrogPlants

BLOSSOMING

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Young 4.5 m

Medium 6.5 m

07. Apple Tree ( Malus domestica )

08.

Japanese Crab Apple

BLOSSOMING

( Malus floribunda )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : broad spreading Origin : garden cultivar Environment : cultivations and gardens Climate : Mild Bloom : April - May Notes :

The Japanese Crab Apple is a garden cultivar whose origin details are unknown except for the country (Japan). It is a favourite for urban decoration throughout the world because of itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s spectacular and abundant springtime blossoming.

Adult 7.5 m

XfrogPlants

BLOSSOMING

Young 3m

Medium 5m

08. Japanese Crab Apple ( Malus floribunda )

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09.

Oleander

BLOSSOMING

XfrogPlants

( Nerium oleander )

Tree/Shrub, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central Mediterranean (Southern Italy, Greece) Environment : Near waters (rivers, sea coasts) Climate : Warm and dry, needs water at the roots Bloom : June - September Notes :

The undisputed protagonist of the Mediterranean landscape along the rivers, with itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s spectacular pink or white blooming that lasts all summer, the Oleander can also be found next to the sea, because it is salt-resistant. On the other hand, it is frost-intolerant. All of itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s parts are extremely poisonous for the heart of men and animals: even a single leaf can be lethal, if eaten.

Adult 9m

BLOSSOMING

Medium 4m

Young 2m

09. Oleander ( Nerium oleander )

XfrogPlants

10.

Apricot Tree

BLOSSOMING

( Prunus armeniaca )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : China Environment : Hillside thickets Climate : Mild, warm Bloom : March-April Notes :

The Apricot tree, more than the Cherry or Plum, needs a relatively warm climate to grow. It suffers from late frost, especially if it happens during the blossoming period. Like the other species in the Prunus family, the Apricot tree, too, can be attacked by many parasites and diseases.

Adult 9m

XfrogPlants

BLOSSOMING

Medium 6m Young 5m

10. Apricot Tree ( Prunus armeniaca )

XfrogPlants

11.

Sweet Cherry Tree

BLOSSOMING

( Prunus avium )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Europe, West Asia Environment : Forests, hedge rows, river sides, from sea level to 1,500 m. Climate : Temperate, cool Bloom : April - May Notes :

The Sweet Cherry is a tree that adapts well to most soils. It can stand well the cold and frost, and because of this, it can also grow on the mountains. It is a very appreciated tree not only because of the delicious fruits, but also because of the excellent quality of the wood, highly prized for furniture and musical instruments.

Adult 20 m

XfrogPlants

BLOSSOMING

Medium 11.5 m Young 6m

11. Sweet Cherry Tree ( Prunus avium )

XfrogPlants

12.

Pissardii Cherry Plum

BLOSSOMING

( Prunus cerasifera var. Pissardii )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Garden variety of the Cherry Plum (Southeast of Europe) Environment : Woods, hedge rows, in sunny places Climate : Mild, warm Bloom : March-April Notes :

The Pissardii Cherry Plum (also known as Pissardii Myrobalan) has purplecoloured leaves. It is commonly found in cities because of the decorative colour and because it stands pruning very well (and for this reason it is even used for hedges). This variety has pink blossom (while the original Cherry Plum has white). It adapts to most soils.

Adult 34.5 m

XfrogPlants

BLOSSOMING

Medium 5m

12. Pissardii Cherry Plum ( Prunus cerasifera var. Pissardii )

Young 3.5 m

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13.

Sour Cherry

BLOSSOMING

( Prunus cerasus )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Probably a garden variety of the Sweet Cherry Environment : Forests, hedge rows, glades, from sea level to 1,200 m. Climate : Mild Bloom : April - May Notes :

Also know as Wild Cherry or Mazzard, the Sour Cherry is diffused as wild species over Central and Southern Europe, but it is probably of garden origin. Compared to itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s most likely parent (the Sweet Cherry), it has sour fruits of a lighter and brighter red. Because of the sour taste, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s fruits are more commonly used to produce syrups and liquors than eaten.

Adult 10 m

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BLOSSOMING

Medium 6m

Young 4m

13. Sour Cherry ( Prunus cerasus )

XfrogPlants

14.

Plum Tree

BLOSSOMING

( Prunus domestica )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : A garden hybrid of two European species Environment : Cultivations and gardens Climate : Mild Bloom : March - April Notes :

The Plum Tree is almost certainly a hybrid of Cherry Plum (Prunus cerasifera) and Sloe (Prunus spinosa). It was created to produce the delicious fruits we know, and for this reason, it is widely cultivated both industrially and rurally, and also in home gardens. Two subspecies of Plum Tree are common, one with violet fruits, another with dark yellow fruits.

Adult 10 m

XfrogPlants

BLOSSOMING

Medium 7m

14. Plum Tree ( Prunus domestica )

Young 4.5 m

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15.

Almond Tree

BLOSSOMING

( Prunus dulcis )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Mediterranean (Northern Africa, Western Asia) Environment : Dry slopes and scrubs, in full sunlight Climate : Warm Bloom : February - March Notes :

The Almond Tree is the earliest of all Pruni to bloom. It does in February-March, but if the winter is warm, it can also exceptionally bloom in January. It grows only in sunny places and in warm regions, where it can be safe from freezing cold. The fruits are widely appreciated in the kitchen, especially for sweets.

Adult 8m

XfrogPlants

BLOSSOMING

Medium 4.5 m

15. Almond Tree ( Prunus dulcis )

Young 3m

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16.

Peach Tree

BLOSSOMING

( Prunus persica )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : China Environment : Forests, from sea level to 600 m. Climate : Mild Bloom : April Notes :

Imported in the Mediterranean region from Persia (hence the Latin name) way back in the 4th century B.C., the Peach is really of Chinese origin. It is widely cultivated because of the delicious fruits, but itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s delicate pink flowers are also appreciated for decoration. The small size makes it perfect for home gardens decoration.

Adult 7m

XfrogPlants

BLOSSOMING

Medium 5m

Young 3.5 m

16. Peach Tree ( Prunus persica )

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17.

Kanzan Cherry

BLOSSOMING

( Prunus serrulata var. Kanzan )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Japan Environment : Hills and mountains Climate : Temperate Bloom : April - May Notes :

It is probable that the Kanzan cherry is a garden hybrid of two popular Japanese wild cherries, Hill Cherry and Oshima Cherry. Kanzan is surely the most appreciated species for urban decoration, thanks to the spectacular blooming. Several cultivars of it exist, with varied blossoms.

Adult 10.5 m

XfrogPlants

BLOSSOMING

Medium 6.5 m

17. Kanzan Cherry ( Prunus serrulata var. Kanzan )

Young 3.5 m

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18.

Weeping Higan Cherry

BLOSSOMING

( Prunus subhirtella var. Pendula )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad weeping Origin : Japan Environment : Mixed forests with other Prunus species Climate : Temperate Bloom : March - April Notes :

A natural hybrid, the Weeping Higan cherry is a very popular choice all over the world for garden and park decoration, because of the shape and of the gorgeous blooming. A variety of it exists, called â&#x20AC;&#x153;Autumnalisâ&#x20AC;?, whose blooming takes place in late Autumn (NovemberDecember).

Adult 7.5 m

XfrogPlants

BLOSSOMING

Medium 4m

Young 3m

18. Weeping Higan Cherry ( Prunus subhirtella var. Pendula )

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19.

Yoshino Cherry

BLOSSOMING

( Prunus x yedoensis )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Japan Environment : Mixed forests with other Prunus species Climate : Temperate Bloom : March - April Notes :

The Yoshino Cherry has probably an ancient garden origin. The white blossoms (but subspecies exist with different colours) have an intense scent and appear at early Spring. The fruits are very sour and usually not eaten: the Yoshino Cherry is in fact mostly used for garden decoration.

Adult 10 m

XfrogPlants

BLOSSOMING

Medium 6m

19. Yoshino Cherry ( Prunus x yedoensis )

Young 4m

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20.

Pear Tree

BLOSSOMING

( Pyrus communis )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Garden variety of the Wild Pear (European) Environment : Cultivations and gardens Climate : Temperate Bloom : April-May Notes :

The common Pear tree is a garden variety of the Wild Pear, an European and Asian tree that is diffused in the native areas where broadleaf woods grow on humid, fertile soil. The pronounced vertical growth (when growing free) makes it easily recognizable. The white flowers have a slightly Bigger diameter than most other Rosaceae.

Adult 15 m

XfrogPlants

BLOSSOMING

Medium 7.5 m

Young 4.5 m

20. Pear Tree ( Pyrus communis )

XfrogPlants

XfrogPlants | Bonsai

XfrogPlants BONSAI Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:

(with Alpha) (with Alpha)

www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support

XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation

Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler

Jan Heuschele : Modeler

Tany Heider : Rendering

Karin Rudokas : Research and Development

Peter Fantke : Research and Development

Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development

Oliver Deussen : Research and Development

Stewart McSherry : Product Manager

A Foreword about Bonsai Bonsai is much more than trees planted in a vase. It is an art of millenarian tradition that has deep conceptual implications and meaningful rules. Not a mere reproduction of nature, but neither an arbitrary abuse of it, Bonsai shows the hand and thoughts of man distillating and synthesizing an ideal essence of nature that can fit within the aesthetical canon of Oriental art. The XfrogPlants Bonsai library has been created with the intent of being respectful of Bonsai rules and traditions as much as possible. All models have been created after real prized Bonsai exemplars, chosen at the end of an extensive research. Here follows a short list of some of the main Japanese Bonsai styles. Although Bonsai art was born in China in very ancient times, it is the Japanese styles that are most popular throughout the world today. Many of the styles listed here are represented in the Greenworks Bonsai library. Please use this short guide together with the species specs if you wish to understand the styles used for our models.

Quick Guide to Bonsai Styles CHOKKAN (Formal Upright)

One tree growing straight upright, with the tip parallel to the base of trunk.

MOYO-GI (Informal Upright)

Similar to Chokkan, but the trunk has sweet undulating bends.

TACHI-GI (Ordered Upright)

Similar to Moyo-Gi, from which it differs in the order of branches.

SHAKAN (Oblique)

The trunk grows with an angle of approx. 45° from the base. Leaf mass should be mostly outside of the base’s ideal perpendicular projection.

KENGAI (Cascade)

The trunk grows out and down the vase’s limit, but the tip must be placed above the top line of the vase. Leafing should occur mostly in the terminal part of the trunk, without touching the vase.

HAN-KENGAI (Semi-Cascade)

Similar to Kengai, this style has two tips, one (usually a branch) falling down and never ending above the top line of vase, the other (usually the trunk) growing upwards in the same direction.

HOKIDACHI (Broom)

All branches grow near the tip of the trunk, creating a shape similar to an upside-down broom.

FUKINAGASHI (Windswept)

The trunk bends of 45° or more, representing the effect of a strong wind. The branches must (atleast for the most part) bend to the same direction of the wind.

NEAGARI (Exposed Roots)

The roots of the tree are exposed to view, above the ground level.

BONSAI

XfrogPlants

BUNJIN (Literati)

The peculiarity of this style is the disproportion between the lenght of trunk and the masses ofleaves and roots. The goal is abstract simple elegance.

BANKAN (Coiled)

The trunk revolves over itself. It is a very rare style nowadays.

SHARIMIKI (Driftwood)

Trunk and roots shown to great evidence, with little foliage. Must suggest a tree which survivedstrong natural calamities.

IKADA-BUKI (Raft)

Many trunks placed in line create a small forest that originates from what appears to be the samehorizontal root, but really is the trunk of tree, placed horizontally, and the trunks are really thebranches of it, forced to grow upwards.

NE-TSURANARI (Connected roots)

Similar to Ikada-Buki, but this time the roots are real roots and the trunks are developed suckers.

KABUDACHI (Clump)

Many trunks originating from the same base point of the roots (the typical â&#x20AC;&#x153;multi-trunkâ&#x20AC;?).

TAKOZUKURI (Octopus)

Both trunk and branches display an evident and strong alternating ondulation.

SEKIJOJU (Roots over Rock)

The roots of the tree wrap around a big rock before ending into the ground.

ISHITSUKI (Clinging to a Rock)

The tree is planted directly within a hole in the rock. Often presented in a landscape fashion,sometimes within a very low vase containing water (to simulate a lake).

SAIKEI (Saikei, Landscape)

Many trees are used to recreate a natural environment, often with other natural elements such as rocks, grasses, and water.

NEJIKAN (Twisted)

The trunk grows twisted, in a spiral fashion. This style is uncommon today.

SECONDARY CLASSIFICATIONS Bonsai can be furtherly classified for height, number of trunks (of the same tree), and number of different trees:

Height

Number of Trunks

Number of Trees

Shito (up to 7.5 cm) Mame (7.5 to 15 cm) Kotate Mochi (15 to 30 cm) Chiu Bonsai (30 to 60 cm) Dai Bonsai (60 cm and above)

Tankan (1 trunk) Sokan (2 trunks) Sankan (3 trunks) Gokan (5 trunks) Nanakan (7 trunks) Kyukan (9 or more trunks)

Soju (2 trees) Sanbon Yose (3 trees) Gohon Yose (5 trees) Nanahon Yose (7 trees) Kyuhon Yose (9 trees) Yose Uhe (more than 9 trees)

BONSAI

XfrogPlants

01.

Field Maple

BONSAI

XfrogPlants

( Acer Campestre )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central Europe (Denmark to Italy), Eastern Europe Environment : Broadleaf forests and hedges up to 800 m. Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :

The Field Maple is one of those humble but truly characteristic rural trees of Europe. In the past, European farmers used it to support the vine rows. It used to be the most diffused European Maple, but today more decorative maple species are often preferred for urban decoration.

Kabudachi (Sankan) 60 cm

BONSAI

Moyo-Gi 43 m Moyo-Gi 49 cm

01. Field Maple ( Acer Campestre )

XfrogPlants

02.

Japanese Maple

BONSAI

( Acer palmatum )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : West Asia Environment : Forests Climate : Mild Notes :

Kabudachi (Sankan) 60 cm

XfrogPlants

BONSAI

Saikei (Gohon Yose) 50 cm

Chokkan 56 cm

02. Japanese Maple ( Acer palmatum )

XfrogPlants

03.

Hornbeam

BONSAI

( Carpinus betulus )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central and Eastern Europe (Germany to Italy and Balkans) Environment : Mixed forests, up to 1,000 m; on fresh, fertile soil Climate : Temperate Notes :

The Hornbeam is a humble but sometimes majestic rural tree. Once common in Europeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mixed broadleaf forests (with English Oak, Sweet Chestnut, European Beech and Hazel), it is much less diffused today. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Hornbeam became a high-society fashionable tree for decoration of villasâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; boulevards.

Saikei (Gohon Yose) 67 cm

XfrogPlants

BONSAI

Moyo-Gi 81 cm

03. Hornbeam ( Carpinus betulus )

Sekijoju 84 cm

XfrogPlants

04.

Hinoki Falsecypress

BONSAI

XfrogPlants

( Chamaecyparis obtusa )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Japan Environment : Mountain slopes, on moist but well-drained acidic soil Climate : Temperate, cool Japanese Name : Hinoki Notes :

The Hinoki Falsecypress loves to grow in full direct sunlight. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s wood is very much prized in Japan. As a decorative species, it is often planted in city parks throughout the world. Some dwarf garden cultivars exist.

Shakan 50 cm

BONSAI

Chokkan 62 cm

04. Hinoki Falsecypress ( Chamaecyparis obtusa )

Bunjin 45 cm

XfrogPlants

05.

Japanese Cedar

BONSAI

( Cryptomeria japonica )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Japan Environment : Forests Climate : Temperate Japanese Name : Sugi Notes :

The Japanese Cedar (but itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s really a species of the Cupressaceae family) is a highly ornamental species, often planted in city parks. It is also very much appreciated in Japan for the highly prized quality of the wood. The foliage re-greens in the Spring.

Chokkan 40 cm

XfrogPlants

BONSAI

Saikei (Gohon Yose) 32 cm

Saikei (Sanbon Yose) 50 cm

05. Japanese Cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica )

XfrogPlants

06.

European Beech

BONSAI

( Fagus sylvatica )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Europe (from Norway to Sicily) Environment : Mountain forests from 600 to 1,700 m. altitude Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

Hokidachi 42 cm

XfrogPlants

BONSAI

Chokkan 50 cm

Saikei (Gohon Yose) 40 cm

06. European Beech ( Fagus sylvatica )

XfrogPlants

07.

Fig Tree

BONSAI

( Ficus carica )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : South-Western of Asia Environment : Humid and shady; on rocky soil Climate : Warm, mild, temperate Notes :

The Fig Tree is a rustic species that grows even on arid soils and rocks, tolerating a wide range of temperatures. Fruits are very high in sugar (20% when fresh, 50% dried). One fruit is born from several merged flowers. Many myths are centred on the Fig Tree, considered the Tree of Knowledge, and a symbol of Fertility as well.

Chokkan 55 cm

XfrogPlants

BONSAI

Shakan 55 cm Neagari 77 cm

07. Fig Tree ( Ficus carica )

XfrogPlants

08.

Ginkgo

BONSAI

( Ginko biloba )

Tree, deciduous ginkgo Shape : Broad conical Origin : China (long-time extinct in nature) Environment : Wild environment unknown Climate : Temperate Japanese Name : Ichou Notes :

Hokidachi 62 cm

XfrogPlants

BONSAI

Chokkan 70 cm

08. Ginkgo ( Ginkgo biloba )

Moyo-Gi 55 cm

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09.

Western Juniper

BONSAI

XfrogPlants

( Juniperus occidentalis )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : West of USA Environment : Rocky slopes, dry mountain areas Climate : Mild and dry Notes :

The Western Juniper can become a dramatically spectacular tree, because of the red furrowed bark and the gnarled, massive shapes. It is one of the longest living trees on Earth: living exemplars are known that are over 2,000 years old. It is an amazing species because it grow directly out of solid rock!

Saikei (Sanbon Yose) 35 cm

BONSAI

Moyo-Gi 30 cm

Sharimiki 45 cm

09. Western Juniper ( Juniperus occidentalis )

XfrogPlants

10.

Temple Juniper

BONSAI

( Juniperus rigida )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Central and Southern Japan Environment : Hills and mountains Climate : Temperate, cool Japanese Name : Nezumisashi Notes :

The Temple Juniper is more exacting with soil than other juniper species, it needs a rich, well-drained soil for an ideal growth. It preferably grows under direct sunlight and has a slow growth rate. The tree shape significantly broadens with age.

Shakan 55 cm

XfrogPlants

BONSAI

Moyo-Gi 60 cm Moyo-Gi 52 cm

10. Temple Juniper ( Juniperus rigida )

XfrogPlants

11.

Japanese White Larch

( Larix kaempferi )

Tree, deciduous conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Central Japan Environment : Mountain forests, on humid, well-drained soil Climate : Cool, cold Japanese Name : Karamatsu Notes :

Compared to the European Larch, the Japanese White Larch is more tolerant of poor soils. It is planted for urban decoration in temperate or cool climate cities but itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s large size make it suitable for parks only. Like all larches, it has deciduous coloured Autumn foliage.

Saikei (Gohon Yose) 45 cm

BONSAI

XfrogPlants

BONSAI

Moyo-Gi 76 cm

Ne-Tsuranari (Sankan) 90 cm

11. Japanese White Larch ( Larix kaempferi )

XfrogPlants

12.

Apple Tree

BONSAI

XfrogPlants

( Malus domestica )

Chokkan 60 cm

BONSAI

Tachi-Gi 50 cm

12. Apple Tree ( Malus domestica )

XfrogPlants

Tachi-Gi 50 cm

13.

Olive Tree

BONSAI

( Olea europaea )

Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : West and Central Mediterranean (Spain, Italy, North Africa) Environment : Sea coasts and hills, on dry rocky soil Climate : Warm, with mild winters and dry summers Notes :

One of the most important trees economically, because of oil, olive trees are also spectacular because of trunksâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; contorted shapes. One of the longest living trees: living exemplars exist in Palestine that are over 2,000 year old, thus older than Jesus. The Gospel says that Jesus spent his last night praying in a garden of olives.

Han-Kengai 55 cm

XfrogPlants

BONSAI

Hokidachi 89 cm

Ishitsuki (Gohon Yose) 52 cm

13. Olive ( Olea europaea )

XfrogPlants

14.

White Spruce

BONSAI

( Picea glauca )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Canada, North of USA Environment : Forests, in full sunlight, on well-drained, acidic soil Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

The White Spruce (South Dakota State tree, Manitoba provincial tree) is often planted outside itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s native areas for decoration. The leaves have an intense but unpleasant smell when crushed. It is often used as Christmas Tree, and although it prefers cool climates, it can be planted near the sea because it is salt-tolerant.

Saikei (Yose Uhe) 50 cm

XfrogPlants

BONSAI

XfrogPlants

Moyo-Gi 75 cm

Chokkan 92 cm

14. White Spruce ( Picea glauca )

15.

Japanese White Pine

BONSAI

( Pinus parviflora )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Japan Environment : Mountain forests, on rocky soil Climate : Cool, cold Japanese Name : Goyomatsu Notes :

This Japanese pine is often planted in city parks throughout the world. It can sometimes have weeping branches. It is mostly known, though, because it is one of the most popular and suitable species for Bonsai cultivation.

Kengai 70 cm

XfrogPlants

BONSAI

Moyo-Gi 95 cm

15. Japanese White Pine ( Pinus parviflora )

XfrogPlants

Sekijoju 55 cm

16.

Scotch Pine

BONSAI

( Pinus sylvestris )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Whole Europe, Asia Environment : Mountains, on sandy soil Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

Also known as Scots pine, it is probably the tree with the widest diffusion over Europe, from Spain to Siberia, Scandinavia to Apennines. It is a rustic tree that loves full sunlight and grows even on arid soils. The resin is used to produce turpentine and colophony, a paste that makes ships waterproof. The buds are balsamic.

Moyo-Gi 50 cm

XfrogPlants

BONSAI

XfrogPlants

Fukinagashi 65 cm Kengai 30 cm

16. Scotch Pine ( Pinus sylvestris )

17.

Apricot Tree

BONSAI

XfrogPlants

( Prunus armeniaca )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : China Environment : Hillside thickets Climate : Mild, warm Notes :

Moyo-Gi 70 cm

BONSAI

Moyo-Gi 40 cm

Han-Kengai 50 cm

17. Apricot Tree ( Prunus armeniaca )

XfrogPlants

18.

Satsuki Azalea

BONSAI

( Rhododendron indicum )

Shrub/Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Shrubby, broad spreading Origin : Japan Environment : Valley meadows, thickets, on moist, acidic soil Climate : Mild, temperate and humid Notes :

This small tree or shrub grows of preference in the shade of other species, or in partial sunlight. During blooming it prefers more light. Blooming lasts longer in cool climates. The Azaleae species need the soil to be always moist and the air to be humid.

Kabudachi (Sankan) 55 cm

XfrogPlants

BONSAI

Tachi-Gi 45 cm

Moyo-Gi 50 cm

18. Satsuki Azalea ( Rhododendron indicum )

XfrogPlants

19.

Smooth-leaved Elm

BONSAI

( Ulmus minor )

Ishitsuki (Gohon Yose) 55 cm

XfrogPlants

BONSAI

Ikada-Buki (Gokan) 50 cm

Moyo-Gi 98 cm

19. Smooth-leaved Elm ( Ulmus minor )

XfrogPlants

20.

Japanese Zelkova

BONSAI

( Zelkova serrata )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Japan, China, Korea Environment : Along streams, on moist soil Climate : Temperate Japanese Name : Keyaki Notes :

Zelkovae are often planted as substitutes for Elms (decimated by graphiosis), and in fact they are Ulmaceae too. The Japanese Zelkova can become a tall, spectacular tree; it is shade-tolerant and doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t need special care. The bark changes with age, from smooth to shaggy and rough.

Hokidachi (Gohon Yose) 23 cm

XfrogPlants

BONSAI

Hokidachi 64 cm

Hokidachi 50 cm

20. Japanese Zelkova ( Zelkova serrata )

XfrogPlants

XfrogPlants | Europe 1

XfrogPlants EUROPE 1 Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:

(with Alpha) (with Alpha)

www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support

XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation

Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler

Jan Heuschele : Modeler

Tany Heider : Rendering

Karin Rudokas : Research and Development

Peter Fantke : Research and Development

Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development

Oliver Deussen : Research and Development

Stewart McSherry : Product Manager

01.

Field Maple

EUROPE 1

( Acer Campestre )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central Europe (Denmark to Italy), Eastern Europe Environment : Broadleaf forests and hedges up to 800 m. Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :

Adult 9m

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EUROPE 1

Medium 9.5 m

Young 3m

01. Field Maple ( Acer Campestre )

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02.

Montpellier Maple

EUROPE 1

( Acer monspessulanum )

Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Southern Europe Environment : Sub-Mediterranean broadleaf forests Climate : Mild, warm Notes :

Often growing as shrub, the Montpellier Maple is commonly found next to the Mediterraneanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s coastal belt, in mixed woods with Manna Ash, Evergreen Oak and Pubescent Oak. Ancient Greeks and Romans considered maples as fatal trees, because the leaves often turn of a blood-like red in Autumn.

Adult 9.5 m

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EUROPE 1

Medium 5.5 m

Young 3m

02. Montpellier Maple ( Acer monspessulanum )

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03.

Italian Maple

EUROPE 1

( Acer opalus )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central and Southern Italy, Yugoslavia Environment : Broadleaf forests, from sea level to 1,300 m. Climate : Mild, warm Notes :

In spite of the name, the Italian Maple is not the most diffused native maple tree of Italy. It’s original area is quite narrow and it is not a single species, but a group of at least 3 species with varied characteristics that Botanists still haven’t been able to identify with certainty. It’s popularity as decorative tree is increasing.

Adult 19 m

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EUROPE 1

Medium 5m

Young 3.5 m

03. Italian Maple ( Acer opalus )

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04.

Black Alder

EUROPE 1

( Alnus glutinosa )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad conical Origin : Europe, Northern Africa, Western Asia Environment : Still water areas (ponds and swamps) up to 800 m. Climate : Temperate, mild, warm Notes :

According to an ancient legend, the Black Alder hosts the Evil spirit. The leaves soon turn to a dark shade of green (hence the â&#x20AC;&#x153;blackâ&#x20AC;? name). It has been widely planted for land reclamation of swamp areas. The wood is waterproof and as such extensively used for ships. Often found in mixed woods with willows and poplars.

Adult 21 m

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EUROPE 1

Medium 14 m

Young 5.5 m

04. Black Alder ( Alnus glutinosa )

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05.

Hornbeam

EUROPE 1

( Carpinus betulus )

Adult 21 m

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EUROPE 1

Medium 13 m

05. Hornbeam ( Carpinus betulus )

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Young 3m

06.

European Hackberry

EUROPE 1

( Celtis australis )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Sub-Mediterranean Europe, Western Asia Environment : Broadleaf forests up to 600 m., on arid, rocky soils Climate : Temperate, mild, warm Notes :

The Hackberry is a humble rustic tree typical of Southern Europe countryside. It can grow between the rocks, and it’s Italian name (“Spaccasassi”, rockbreaker) let us imagine how powerful the roots are. The berries are much appreciated by the birds. It is often used in urban decoration because it is very resistant to pollution and parasites.

Adult 20 m

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EUROPE 1

Medium 9.5 m

Young 3.5 m

06. European Hackberry ( Celtis australis )

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07.

Common Ash

EUROPE 1

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( Fraxinus excelsior )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Europe Environment : Moist forests and river banks, on fresh, deep soil Climate : Mild, temperate, cool Notes :

Before the Christian age, Scandinavia people considered this tree sacred to god Odin. There was also a belief that burning some Common Ash wood in a room could turn the evil spirits away. Vampires were believed to be killed only with a Common Ash pole in their hearts. Today the tree is cultivated for the highly prized wood.

Adult 32 m

EUROPE 1

Medium 15.5 m

Young 4m

07. Common Ash ( Fraxinus excelsior )

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08.

Austrian Pine

EUROPE 1

( Pinus nigra )

Adult 26 m

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EUROPE 1

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Young 7.5 m

Medium 16 m

08. Austrian Pine ( Pinus nigra )

09.

White Poplar

EUROPE 1

( Populus alba )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Southern Europe, Western Asia, Northern Africa Environment : River banks, moist forests up to 1,000 m. Climate : Mild, warm Notes :

Often found on river sides, the White Poplar is one of the most beautiful trees of Southern Europe, with the white bark and the spectacular leaves (dark green on the upper side, white on the under side). It grows on sandy or gravely deep calcareous soils, often in mixed woods with Black Poplar, White Willow and Black Alder.

Adult 30 m

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EUROPE 1

Young 7m

Medium 10 m

09. White Poplar ( Populus alba )

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10.

Black Poplar

EUROPE 1

( Populus nigra )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central and Southern Europe, Western Asia Environment : River banks, moist forests up to 1,000 m. Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

The Black Poplar is the most diffused European poplar, and one of the landmarks of Europeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s river valleys, although today the pure species can be found only in the wild, because in cultivations faster-growing hybrids are preferred. Differently from the White Poplar, the Black Poplar is drought-intolerant.

Adult 26 m

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EUROPE 1

Medium 13 m Young 2m

10. Black Poplar ( Populus nigra )

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11.

Lombardy Poplar

EUROPE 1

( Populus nigra var. Italica )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Upright columnar Origin : Italy (Lombardy) Environment : Planted by man in the countryside, at low altitudes Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

Adult 30 m

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EUROPE 1

Young 8m Medium 18 m

11. Lombardy Poplar ( Populus nigra var. Italica )

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12.

Cherry Laurel

EUROPE 1

( Prunus laurocerasus )

Shrub/Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Eastern Europe, Western Asia Environment : Forests and thickets, in full sunlight or partial shade Climate : Mild Notes :

The Cherry Laurel can be found as a small tree or shrub. It is a very popular choice for hedges, because it has a dense growth and stands severe pruning. All parts are poisonous for man because of the Prussic acid, yet birds enjoy the cherries very much and often nest amongst the branches.

Adult 10 m

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EUROPE 1

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Young 2m

Medium 5.5 m

12. Cherry Laurel ( Prunus laurocerasus )

13.

Sessile Oak

EUROPE 1

( Quercus petraea )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Europe, from Scandinavia to Southern Italy Environment : Forests, from sea level to 1,300 m. Climate : Cool, temperate, mild, warm Notes :

Also known as Durmast Oak. It is often found in mixed woods with English Oak, Turkey Oak and Hornbeam (at lower altitudes), or with Sweet Chestnut and Beech (on the mountains). It is very tolerant of both cool and warm temperatures. The wood is the most appreciated of all Oak wood for furnishing.

Adult 32 m

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EUROPE 1

Medium 14 m Young 5m

13. Sessile Oak ( Quercus petraea )

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14.

English Oak

EUROPE 1

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( Quercus robur )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Europe Environment : Plain and hill forests Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

Adult 27 m

EUROPE 1

Medium 15 m

14. English Oak ( Quercus robur )

Young 5m

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15.

White Willow

EUROPE 1

( Salix alba )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Europe, Western Asia Environment : River sides, from sea level to 1,000 m. Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

The White Willow is one of the landmarks of the European countryside, being present almost everywhere on river sides and water pools. It very often grows in mixed stands with the Black Poplar. It used to be widely cultivated for the production of wicker, but not so much often today.

Adult 15 m

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EUROPE 1

Medium 11 m

Young 5.5 m

15. White Willow ( Salix alba )

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16.

Crack Willow

EUROPE 1

( Salix fragilis )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Europe, Asia Environment : River banks Climate : Mild Notes :

The Crack Willow is named after the fragility of itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s branches, which are easily broken by the water stream and carried away, to be left in the mud where they grow as new trees. For this reason it is not unusual to find this tree growing in the middle of low waters. It tolerates pollution and salt and it is planted to consolidate embankments.

Adult 12 m

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EUROPE 1

Medium 8m Young 3m

16. Crack Willow ( Salix fragilis )

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17.

Elderberry

EUROPE 1

( Sambucus nigra )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Europe, Western Asia Environment : Humid woods, river sides, wasted lands, in full sunlight Climate : Warm, mild Notes :

The Elderberry grows where the soil is humid and rich with Nitrogen: abandoned buildings, areas wasted by fire, where it often is the first re-colonizing species. The raw berries, rich of C vitamin, are loved by birds, but poisonous for man. People make jam from them. Berries and flowers have important medical qualities.

Adult 6.5 m

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EUROPE 1

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Young 2.5 m

Medium 6.5 m

17. Elderberry ( Sambucus nigra )

18.

English Yew

EUROPE 1

( Taxus baccata )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Northern Africa, Southeast of Europe Environment : In the shade of broadleaf forests, on calcareous soil Climate : Mild Notes :

Adult 16 m

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EUROPE 1

Medium 10.5 m Young 4.5 m

18. English Yew ( Taxus baccata )

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19.

Broad Leaved Linden

EUROPE 1

( Tilia platyphyllos )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Europe, Southwest of Asia Environment : Moist forests, from sea level to 1,200 m. Climate : Mild Notes :

Often found in mixed woods with Hornbeam, Elms, Oaks and Common Ash, the Broad-Leaved Linden is not the most diffused European linden, because it needs a more humid soil. It also blooms some weeks sooner than the others. It is cultivated by honey producers because the flowers are very much appreciated by bees.

Adult 20 m

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EUROPE 1

Young 5m Medium 12.5 m

19. Broad Leaved Linden ( Tilia platyphyllos )

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20.

Silver Linden

EUROPE 1

( Tilia tomentosa )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Southeast of Europe, Southwest of Asia Environment : Open hill forests, on calcareous soils Climate : Mild Notes :

The Silver Linden is so called because the under side of leaves is of a light greenish colour. It is the most pollutionresistant and climate-tolerant of all linden species, and widely used for urban decoration. The flowers are the most scented of all linden trees, but can be lethal for bees, therefore the Silver Linden is not used in apiculture.

Adult 25 m

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EUROPE 1

Medium 10 m Young 4.5 m

20. Silver Linden ( Tilia tomentosa )

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XfrogPlants | Europe 2

XfrogPlants EUROPE 2 Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:

(with Alpha) (with Alpha)

www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support

XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation

Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler

Jan Heuschele : Modeler

Tany Heider : Rendering

Karin Rudokas : Research and Development

Peter Fantke : Research and Development

Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development

Oliver Deussen : Research and Development

Stewart McSherry : Product Manager

21.

Silver Fir

EUROPE 2

( Abies alba )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Central and Southern Europe (Alps, Apennines, Carpathians) Environment : Mountain forests Climate : Cool Notes :

In mixed formations with the European Beech, the Silver Fir used to be the king of the mountain forests of Central-Southern Europe, but the indiscriminate exploitation and the climatic changes reduced itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s spaces in favour of faster growing species. Widely used by the Romans to build their ships.

Adult 35 m

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EUROPE 2

Medium 20 m

21. Silver Fir ( Abies alba )

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Young 6m

22.

Caucasian Fir

EUROPE 2

( Abies nordmanniana )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Eastern Europe, Turkey Environment : Mountain forests, from 600 to 1,800 m. Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

The Caucasian Fir, differently from most similar conifers, does keep it’s lowest branches on even when old. This gives it a high decoration value and it’s the reason why it is so often planted in parks and gardens. It’s growth rate is slow. First discovered on the Caucasian mountains in the 19th Century.

Adult 25 m

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EUROPE 2

Medium 19 m

Young 6.5 m

22. Caucasian Fir ( Abies nordmanniana )

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23.

Silver Birch

EUROPE 2

( Betula pendula )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Narrow weeping Origin : Europe (except for Spain), Northern Asia Environment : Humid forests, sub-alpine thickets from 500 to 2,000 m. Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

In spite of the delicate look, the Silver Birch is one of the most resistant trees. On the mountains it can even grow up to the trees limit. The Shamans of Northern Siberia consider it the Cosmic tree. It is planted for decoration all over the world because of the very elegant shape and colours of bark and leaves.

Adult 24 m

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EUROPE 2

Medium 11 m

Young 6.5 m

23. Silver Birch ( Betula pendula )

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24.

Sweet Chestnut

EUROPE 2

( Castanea sativa )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Europe, Northern Africa, Western Asia Environment : Sub-Mediterranean forests, on acidic soil, up to 900 m. Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

The Sweet Chestnut has been diffused all over Europe by the Romans. It is found in mixed woods (with English and Turkey Oaks, Sea Pine, European Beech). Because of the fruits, it was cultivated since a very ancient age, even before the cereals were. In the Middle Ages, sweet chestnuts were the main food source for the populations of Southern Europe.

Adult 30 m

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EUROPE 2

Medium 11.5 m

Young 4m

24. Sweet Chestnut ( Castanea sativa )

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25.

Hazel Tree

EUROPE 2

( Corylus avellana )

Shrub/Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Shrubby, broad columnar Origin : Europe, South-Western Asia Environment : Hills and mountains underwood, up to 1,700 m. Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :

Often a shrub, the Hazel Tree grows on deep, fresh calcareous soil. It has been cultivated since the Roman age because of the fruits. In the 19th century the hazelnut paste became a substitute for chocolate. The Hazel tree is considered a symbol of the moon, and for this reason its branches are used by the water diviners.

Adult 5.5 m

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EUROPE 2

Medium 3m

Young 2m

25. Hazel Tree ( Corylus avellana )

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26.

European Beech

EUROPE 2

( Fagus sylvatica )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Europe (from Norway to Sicily) Environment : Mountain forests from 600 to 1,700 m. altitude Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

Adult 27 m

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EUROPE 2

Young 2m Medium 14.5 m

26. European Beech ( Fagus sylvatica )

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27.

Holly

EUROPE 2

( Ilex aquifolium )

Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Europe, West Asia Environment : Undergrowth of beach and oak forests Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

The Holly has a very nice look in winter, with the shiny leaves and the red berries, and for this reason itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s twigs are a popular choice for Christmas decoration. The fruits are poisonous for man but birds like them very much. The heavy wood is appreciated for handicraft work.

Adult 20 m

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EUROPE 2

Medium 10.5 m

27. Holly ( Ilex aquifolium )

Young 3m

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28.

Common Juniper

EUROPE 2

( Juniperus communis )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Europe Environment : Open places on dry rocky slopes, from sea level to 3,000 m. Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :

The Common Juniper can grow easily on arid and rocky soils and for this reason it has been used to consolidate the ground of unstable slopes. It can be found as shrub or tree, and it is highly ornamental. The berries are much appreciated as culinary flavouring. Today in many European regions it is a protected species.

Adult 7m

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EUROPE 2

Young 2.5 m

Medium 4.5 m

28. Common Juniper ( Juniperus communis )

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29.

Alpine Laburnum

EUROPE 2

( Laburnum alpinum )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central and Southern Europe (from Alps to Balcans) Environment : Mountains Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

The Alpine laburnum is a very decorative shrub or tree, with long, weeping flowers and fruits. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s flowers are smaller than those of the Common Laburnum (Golden Chain). All parts of the Alpine Laburnum, and especially the seeds, are poisonous.

Adult 7.5 m

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EUROPE 2

Medium 4m

29. Alpine Laburnum ( Laburnum alpinum )

Young 2.5 m

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30.

European Larch

EUROPE 2

( Larix decidua )

Tree, deciduous conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Central Europe Environment : Mountains, from 600 to 2,500 m., in full sunlight Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

Adult 32 m

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EUROPE 2

Young 8m

Medium 19 m

30. European Larch ( Larix decidua )

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31.

Medlar

EUROPE 2

( Mespilus germanica )

Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Southeast of Europe, Southwest of Asia Environment : Forests, mountain thickets Climate : Mild, temperate, cool Notes :

The Medlar can be either a small tree or a shrub. It was very much appreciated by ancient Greeks and Romans because of the fruits. The Medlar was sacred to the god Saturn (Chronos). The fruits become edible only after long exposure to frost.

Adult 6.5 m

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EUROPE 2

Medium 4m

Young 2.5 m

31. Medlar ( Mespilus germanica )

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32.

Norway Spruce

EUROPE 2

( Picea abies )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Northern and Central Europe (from Norway to the Alps) Environment : Mountain forests up to 2,000 m., on humid soil Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

Adult 25 m

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EUROPE 2

Medium 10 m

Young 3.5 m

32. Norway Spruce ( Picea abies )

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33.

Serbian Spruce

EUROPE 2

( Picea omorika )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Bosnia-Herzegovina, Jugoslavija Environment : Near rivers, on limestone Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

The Serbian spruce could survive the last Glacial era only in one place, the valley of river Drina, where it grasped on the rocky calcareous mountains, as it still does today. It is used for urban decoration in cold cities, because it is resistant to cold, wind, parasites, and pollution. It grows very slowly.

Adult 23.5 m

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EUROPE 2

Young 5.5 m

Medium 14.5 m

33. Serbian Spruce ( Picea omorika )

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34.

Oriental Spruce

EUROPE 2

( Picea orientalis )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Caucasus, Northeast of Turkey Environment : Mountain forests up to 2,150 m. Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

This majestic tree can reach a considerable height in itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s native lands of Caucasus. It is also appreciated for urban decoration because of the elegant shape and the fact that it resists well to parasites. The wood has similar qualities to that of Norway Spruce.

Adult 41 m

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EUROPE 2

Medium 20 m

Young 6.5 m

34. Oriental Spruce ( Picea orientalis )

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35.

Swiss Stone Pine

EUROPE 2

( Pinus cembra )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow columnar Origin : Europe (Alps, Carpathians), Northern Asia Environment : Mountains, from 1,500 to 2,400 m. Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

This small tree is, after the Mugo Pine, the second highest-altitude growing pine of Europe. It grows very slowly and keeps the lowest, near to ground branches while growing. This characteristics make it appreciated for urban decoration in cold climate cities. The wood is prized for handicraft work. The seeds are edible.

Adult 20 m

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EUROPE 2

Medium 10 m

Young 5.5 m

35. Swiss Stone Pine ( Pinus cembra )

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36.

Mugo Pine

EUROPE 2

( Pinus mugo )

Shrub/Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Shrubby, broad spreading Origin : Europe (Alps) Environment : Alpine slopes and thickets, from 1,500 to 2,700 m. Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

Adult 2.5 m

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EUROPE 2

Medium 1.5 m

Young 1m

36. Mugo Pine ( Pinus mugo )

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37.

Scotch Pine

EUROPE 2

( Pinus sylvestris )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Whole Europe, Asia Environment : Mountains, on sandy soil Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

Adult 21 m

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EUROPE 2

Medium 12 m

Young 4m

37. Scotch Pine ( Pinus sylvestris )

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38.

Oriental Planetree

EUROPE 2

( Platanus orientalis )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Southeast of Europe Environment : Mountain forests and riversides, on deep, fertile soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

The Oriental Planetree is the native European planetree. It can reach the age of 500 years. It is very much resistant to pollution but it can suffer from some parasites, and for this reason the London Planetree (Platanus acerifolia, a garden crossover) is often preferred for urban decoration.

Adult 30 m

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EUROPE 2

Medium 14 m

38. Oriental Planetree ( Platanus orientalis )

Young 5m

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39.

Pyrenean Oak

EUROPE 2

( Quercus pyrenaica )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Southwest of Europe, Northern Africa Environment : Mountain forests Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

The Pyrenean oak has characteristics that are similar to those of other European and Mediterranean oaks. it grows on hills and mountain woods, in pure stands or mixed with other species. It features long leaves and can also be found in a natural weeping variety.

Adult 20 m

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EUROPE 2

Medium 9m

Young 5.5 m

39. Pyrenean Oak ( Quercus pyrenaica )

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40.

European Mountain Ash

EUROPE 2

( Sorbus aucuparia )

Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : May-June Origin : Europe, Northern Africa, Asia Environment : Alpine forests, moorland, on moist, acetous soil Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

Adult 16 m

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EUROPE 2

Medium 8.5 m

Young 4m

40. European Mountain Ash ( Sorbus aucuparia )

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XfrogPlants | European Groundcover

XfrogPlants European Groundcover Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:

(with Alpha) (with Alpha)

www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support

XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation

Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler

Jan Heuschele : Modeler

Tany Heider : Rendering

Karin Rudokas : Research and Development

Peter Fantke : Research and Development

Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development

Oliver Deussen : Research and Development

Stewart McSherry : Product Manager

01.

Common Yarrow

( Achillea millefolium )

Herb, perennial Bloom : June-October Origin : Europe, Central Asia, North America Environment : All open sites; on dry to fresh, rich soils; sunny Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :

The Common Yarrowâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s botanical name comes from the Greek hero Achilles and is an old medicinal plant. Ethereal oils and alkaloids are parts of the plant juice and they are used to treat indigestion, diarrhea, flatulence and more. In combination with sunlight the juice of the Common Yarrow can cause some skin inflammations.

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

XfrogPlants

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

Model 1 53 cm

01. Common Yarrow ( Achillea millefolium )

Model 3 43 cm Model 2 50 cm

XfrogPlants

02.

Garlic Mustard

( Alliaria petiolata )

Herb, annual to perennial Bloom : April-July Origin : Europe, Western Asia, Northwestern Africa Environment : Forests, path sides; on loose, moist, rich calcareous soil Climate : Temperate Notes :

If the leaves of the Garlic Mustard are crushed, they smell and taste like real Garlic. Some mustard oils are responsible for the special scent and taste of this plant. Hence the common name â&#x20AC;&#x153;Garlic Mustardâ&#x20AC;?. It is an old medicinal plant. Although it tastes slightly bitter, in the Middle Ages it was used as substitute for salt and as spice for salad.

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

XfrogPlants

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

Model 1 80 cm

02. Garlic Mustard ( Alliaria petiolata )

Model 2 70 cm

Model 3 80 cm

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03.

Mugwort

( Artemisia vulgaris )

Herb, perennial Bloom : July-October Origin : Europe, Western Asia, Northwestern Africa, North America Environment : Path sides, wasteland; on sandy and loamy, rich soil; sunny Climate : Temperate Notes :

The Mugwort spreads through the entire temperate climate zone and is one of the oldest medicinal plants in the world. Mugwort contains ethereal oils (cineole and a small amount of the toxic thujon) and in some countries it is popular as spice for meat dishes. After drying the Mugwort Plant becomes a very common tea.

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

XfrogPlants

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

Model 1 60 cm

03. Mugwort ( Artemisia vulgaris )

Model 2 50 cm

Model 3 50 cm

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04.

Daisy

( Bellis perennis )

Herb, perennial Bloom : February-December Origin : Europe, Middle East Environment : Meadows, pasturelands, lawns; on fresh, rich soil; sunny Climate : Large climate range Notes :

The botanical genus name for the Daisy may come from the Latin word “bellus” to describe the beautifully shaped flower. It is widespread in all grasslands and it is frost resistant up to -15°C. At night and during rainfall the flowers close as a useful protection mechanism. Daisy contains different saponines and has an antiinflammatory and blood cleansing effect.

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

XfrogPlants

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

Model 3 8 cm

Model 1 15 cm

Model 2 16 cm

04. Daisy ( Bellis perennis )

XfrogPlants

05.

Cornflower

( Centaurea cyanus )

Herb, annual Bloom : June-September Origin : Europe, Western Asia Environment : Fields, wasteland; on sandy and loamy, rich soil; sunny Climate : Mediterranean (hot, dry summers and mild, humid winters) Notes :

The origin of the Cornflower is the Mediterranean region, but it was scattered all over the world by cultivation of grains. By using different herbicides in agriculture for many years the Cornflower is a very rare species today. It is an important source for honey and contains the organic blue dye (centaurine).

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

XfrogPlants

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

Model 1 24 cm

05. Cornflower ( Centaurea cyanus )

Model 2 21 cm

Model 3 28 cm

XfrogPlants

06.

Greater Celandine

( Chelidonium maius )

Herb, perennial Bloom : April-October Origin : Europe, Middle East, Central Asia, Northern Africa Environment : Path sides; on fresh, loamy, rich soil; shady Climate : Temperate Notes :

The Greater Celandine is a medicinal plant and it is extremely toxic. This plant blooms from the time the swallows arrive until they migrate. This explains the botanical genus name, which comes from the Greek word for “swallow” (“chelidon”). Different alkaloids are part of the yellow plant juice, so it irritates skin and eyes. Its curative effect against warts is controversial, so it should only be used under medical supervision.

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

XfrogPlants

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

Model 1 40 cm Model 2 43 cm

Model 3 44 cm

06. Greater Celandine ( Chelidonium maius )

XfrogPlants

07.

Ox-Eye Daisy

( Chrysanthemum leucanthemum )

Herb, perennial Bloom : May-October Origin : Europe, Asia Environment : Meadows, medium dry lawns, fallows; on any soil Climate : Mild Notes :

The Ox-Eye Daisy, also known as the Common Roadside Daisy, has very low demands. Very low nutrients will favor a better and faster growth while mowing lets it grow like a carpet. It is very popular as ornamental plant and therefore it exists all over the world, but itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s origin is Europe.

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

XfrogPlants

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

Model 1 23 cm Model 2 36 cm

07. Ox-Eye Daisy ( Chrysanthemum leucanthemum )

Model 3 25 cm

XfrogPlants

08.

Couch Grass

( Elytrigia repens )

Grass, perennial Bloom : June-August Origin : Europe, Northern Asia, Northern Africa, Southern America Environment : Lawns, fields, path sides; on fresh, rich soil; sunny Climate : Large climate range Notes :

The Couch Grass is one of the most famous and dangerous weeds in the world. If there is an appearance of a large quantity of this grass, the soil can dry out. Moreover its subterranean tillers can destroy all soft obstacles like potato tubers or similar components of plants. On the other hand it is very popular as cattle feed in agriculture.

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

XfrogPlants

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

Model 1 40 cm

08. Couch Grass ( Elytrigia repens )

Model 2 80 cm

Model 3 40 cm

XfrogPlants

09.

Cleavers

( Galium aparine )

Herb, annual Bloom : May-September Origin : Europe, Asia, Northwestern Africa, North America Environment : Path sides, undergrowth, wasteland; fresh, loamy, rich wet soil Climate : Temperate Notes :

The Cleavers has small burrs on stem, leaves and fruits which help it to stick on other plants, furs and clothing. In former times it is said that a girl has a secret lover, if she unknowingly had a Cleavers on her back â&#x20AC;&#x201C; and if the Cleavers fall down, the stems show the first letter of the loverâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s name.

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

XfrogPlants

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

Model 1 42 cm

09. Cleavers ( Galium aparine )

XfrogPlants

Model 2 34 cm Model 3 31 cm

10.

Herb Robert

( Geranium robertianum )

Herb, annual Bloom : May-October Origin : Europe, Asia, Northwestern Africa, Northern and Central America Environment : Forests, quarries, rubble piles; dry, rich soil; shady Climate : Temperate Notes :

The Herb Robert is an old medicinal plant. The botanical species name as well as the common species name was given by the natural scientist Carl Linné. He called this plant “robertianum”, because one of his acquaintances had a very strange body odor – and his name was Robert.

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

XfrogPlants

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

Model 1 13 cm

Model 3 20 cm Model 2 15 cm

10. Herb Robert ( Geranium robertianum )

XfrogPlants

11.

German Chamomile

( Matricaria recutita )

Herb, annual Bloom : May-September Origin : Europe, Central Asia, Middle East Environment : Fields, fallows, wasteland, path sides; loamy, poor soil Climate : Temperate Notes :

Until today one of the most common medicinal plants is the German Chamomile. The whole plant, but primarily the flowers contain ethereal oils. Brewing the flowers produces a valuable substance â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the anti-inflammatory chamazulen. Used as tea or as additive for bathing the leaves and the flowers exert a soothing influence.

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

XfrogPlants

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

XfrogPlants

Model 1 17 cm

Model 2 13 cm

11. German Chamomile ( Matricaria recutita )

Model 3 40 cm

12.

Field Poppy

( Papaver dubium )

Herb, annual Bloom : May-June Origin : Europe, Middle East Environment : Fields, wasteland, gravels;

dry, loamy, poor soil; sunny Climate : Temperate

Notes :

The Field Poppy contains a small amount of toxic alkaloids. For a long time it was impossible to distinguish this species from other Poppy species. Therefore it got the name “dubium”, the Latin word for “doubtful”. In contrast to the Corn Poppy (Papaver rhoeas) Field Poppy is not used as medicinal plant.

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

XfrogPlants

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

Model 1 52 cm

XfrogPlants

Model 2 50 cm Model 3 100 cm

12. Field Poppy ( Papaver dubium )

13.

Common Plantain

( Plantago maior )

Herb, perennial Bloom : June-October Origin : Europe, Northern Africa Environment : Path sides, wasteland, pasturelands; compressed, poor soil Climate : Large climate range Notes :

The Common Plantain prefers growing on soils, which are compressed by walking and it stands winter flooding. If the weather is humid, the seeds become congested – in this condition they stick to paws and shoes. Native Americans called it “footprint of the white man”, because the first settlers brought it all over the continent.

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

XfrogPlants

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

Model 1 5 cm

Model 3 8 cm

Model 2 10 cm

13. Common Plantain ( Plantago maior )

XfrogPlants

14.

Annual Blue Grass

( Poa annua )

Grass, annual Bloom : January-November Origin : Europe, Asia, Northern Africa, America, Australia Environment : Path sides, lawns; on fresh, loamy, rich soil Climate : Large climate range Notes :

The Annual Blue Grass is a real cosmopolitan plant â&#x20AC;&#x201C; it grows from the coast to the high mountains. Further, it needs the shortest developing time of all grasses (less than 2 months) and is very useful on pasturelands. Around watering places it can prevent bogs with its fast growth. The weight of 1000 seeds is less than 0.3 g.

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

XfrogPlants

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

Model 1 7 cm

Model 3 10 cm

Model 2 5 cm

14. Annual Blue Grass ( Poa annua )

XfrogPlants

15.

Creeping Buttercup

( Ranunculus repens )

Herb, perennial Bloom : May-August Origin : Europe, Asia, Northern Africa Environment : Meadows, humid forests,

wasteland; moist, loamy rich soil

Climate : Temperate Notes :

The botanical genus name of the Creeping Buttercup points to the small, bent, green fruits (“ranunculus” means “small frog”). At shallow banks it sometimes reaches to the water and lives there immersed. Leaves of such individuals are longer and more narrow. Often hybrids with other similar species of Ranunculus are produced.

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

XfrogPlants

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

Model 1 28 cm

15. Creeping Buttercup ( Ranunculus repens )

Model 2 27 cm

Model 3 30 cm

XfrogPlants

16.

Garden Sorrel

( Rumex acetosa )

Herb, perennial Bloom : May-August Origin : Europe, Asia, North America Environment : Meadows, pasturelands, wasteland;

fresh, deep, wet loamy soil Climate : Temperate

Notes :

The Garden Sorrel contains vitamin C and is used as spice for many meals and as side dish for salad. Large amounts of it have detrimental effects because of its oxalic acid. In former times it was said that Sorrel brings a large number of children, if infertile women wear it on their left arm as amulet.

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

XfrogPlants

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

Model 1 21 cm

Model 2 26 cm

Model 3 36 cm

16. Garden Sorrel ( Rumex acetosa )

XfrogPlants

17.

Dandelion

( Taraxacum officinale )

Herb, perennial Bloom : April-October Origin : Europe, Asia, North America Environment : Meadows, woods, wasteland; on dry, sandy, loamy, rich soil Climate : Large climate range Notes :

The botanical genus name comes from the word “taraxis”, which means “inflammation of the eye”. It points the fact that this plant was used for eye diseases as long as anyone can remember. The seeds are important food for many birds and insects (nectar) and the flowers close during bad weather. It has well-known diuretic properties.

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

XfrogPlants

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

Model 1 2 cm

Model 3 22 cm

Model 2 20 cm

17. Dandelion ( Taraxacum officinale )

XfrogPlants

18.

White Clover

( Trifolium repens )

Herb, perennial Bloom : May-October Origin : Europe, Asia, Northwestern and Southern Africa, North America Environment : Meadows, pasturelands, path sides; on fresh, loamy, rich soil Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :

The White Clover, the original Shamrock of Ireland, has very low demands on the soil and the climate. Its roots can reach a length of nearly 1 m and it is often used as fodder plant. White Clover and special Rhizobium bacterium form a symbiotic relationship. From the number of its leaves the botanical genus name was derived – “tria” means “three” and “folium” is the word for “leaves”.

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

XfrogPlants

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

Model 1 11 cm

Model 3 20 cm

Model 2 10 cm

18. White Clover ( Trifolium repens )

XfrogPlants

19.

Stinging Nettle

( Urtica dioica )

Herb, perennial Bloom : June-October Origin : Europe, Asia, America Environment : Path sides, wasteland, forests; on fresh, wet, rich soil Climate : Large climate range Notes :

The Stinging Nettle is very famous for its stinging hair, which are painful on skin because of its formic acid and an additional toxic substance. It is an important medicinal plant and used for rheumatism and arthritis. But it’s also appreciated as tea, for salads, and as main ingredient in the dressing for the “risotto con le ortiche”.

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

XfrogPlants

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

Model 1 110 cm

19. Stinging Nettle ( Urtica dioica )

Model 2 100 cm Model 3 82 cm

XfrogPlants

20.

Pansy

( Viola spec. )

Herb, perennial Bloom : April-June Origin : Europe, Asia, North America Environment : Forests, meadows, embankments; most soil; sunny to shady Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :

The Pansy is one of the oldest medicinal plants and was used for epilepsy and headache in former times. An old legend tells about a Pansy, which had a tempting odor; everbody wanted to smell it while trampling on all grains around it; therefore the Pansy asked God to take away its sweet odor â&#x20AC;&#x201C; since then it stopped smelling (Only wild growing species are fragrant).

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

XfrogPlants

EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER

Model 3 10 cm

Model 1 12 cm Model 2 11 cm

20. Pansy ( Viola spec. )

XfrogPlants

XfrogPlants | Flowers 1

XfrogPlants FLOWERS 1 Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2046 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:

(with Alpha) (with Alpha)

www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support

XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation

Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler

Jan Heuschele : Modeler

Tany Heider : Rendering

Karin Rudokas : Research and Development

Peter Fantke : Research and Development

Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development

Oliver Deussen : Research and Development

Stewart McSherry : Product Manager

01.

Flamingo Lily

FLOWERS 1

( Anthurium andraeanum )

Plant Bloom : May to September Origin : Colombia Environment : Tropical Climate : Warm and humid Notes :

The Flamingo Lily blooms from May until September in itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s native environment, and almost all year long in a greenhouse. It needs indirect but intense sunlight. It flowers only with high humidity. The sap of this plant may cause skin irritation.

Model 3 46 cm red

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 1

Model 2 40 cm red

Model 1 39 cm red

01. Flamingo Lily ( Anthurium andraeanum )

XfrogPlants

02.

Zebra Plant

( Aphelandra squarrosa )

Plant Bloom : Spring (greenhouse) Origin : Brazil Environment : Tropical Climate : Warm, mild Notes :

Appreciated for the big, shiny striped leaves. It rarely blooms in a home environment. It needs indirect but intense sunlight. It prefers high air humidity, and abundant watering (except in the Winter).

Model 3 62 cm yellow flower

FLOWERS 1

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 1

Model 2 66 cm yellow flower

Model 1 52.5 cm yellow flower

02. Zebra Plant ( Aphelandra squarrosa )

XfrogPlants

03.

Cornflower

FLOWERS 1

XfrogPlants

( Centaurea cyanus )

Plant Bloom : June - July Origin : Southeast of Europe (Romania, Armenia, Turkey) Environment : Caucasian mountain meadows, from 750 to 2,300 m. Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :

Also known as Giant Knapweed or Bighead Knapweed. It has average water needs. The cornflower is a perennial mountain plant that reproduces by seeds; it needs to grow in full sunlight, on dry or moist loamy soil.

Model 4 31 cm blue flowers cluster

FLOWERS 1

Model 3 32 cm blue flowers Model 2 35 cm blue flowers

03. Cornflower ( Centaurea cyanus )

Model 1 32 cm blue flower

XfrogPlants

04.

Oxeye Daisy

( Chrysanthemum leucanthemum )

Plant Bloom : Early Spring to Autumn Origin : Europe Environment : Meadows, on any soil, dry or moist Climate : Mild, temperate, cool Notes :

One of the many Daisy species, the Oxeye Daisy (also known as the Common Roadside Daisy) is a perennial plant that blooms every year since the second. The heaviest blooming is in early Spring, then on until Autumn. It is a very easy grower and competes well with grass on any soil. Of European origin, it is now naturalized in all the US and Canada.

Model 3 26 cm red flower

FLOWERS 1

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 1

Model 2 29 cm pink flower

04. Oxeye Daisy ( Chrysanthemum leucanthemum )

Model 1 29 cm white flower

XfrogPlants

05.

Cyclamen

( Cyclamen persicum )

Plant Bloom : December to early May Origin : Eastern and Southern Mediterranean Environment : Maquis, garigue, open scrubs, rocky hillsides, pines woodland, in full sunlight Climate : Warm, mild

Notes :

The Cyclamen is frost-intolerant and requires good watering during blooming, and little water in the summer. The petals are twisted and the floral faces are without lobes, so that the petals may look like if they are upside down. It grows from sea level up to 1,200 m.

Model 3 42.6 cm red flower

FLOWERS 1

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 1

XfrogPlants

Model 2 36 cm red-white flower

Model 1 39 cm white flower

05. Cyclamen ( Cyclamen persicum )

06.

Carnation

FLOWERS 1

( Dianthus hybridus )

Plant Bloom : Late Spring to Summer Origin : Europe, West Asia Environment : Meadows, in full or partial sunlight, on drained soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

Also known as Rainbow Loneliness, this plant is an old fashioned perennial recently rescued from extinction. The blooms have delicately fringed petals. The variety with pink flowers closely resembles the real Carnation.

Model 4 28 cm pink flower

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 1

Model 2 29 cm red flower

Model 3 27 cm yellow flower

06. Carnation ( Dianthus hybridus )

Model 1 28 cm yellow flower

XfrogPlants

07.

Meadows Cranebill

FLOWERS 1

XfrogPlants

( Geranium pratense )

Plant Bloom : July to September Origin : Europe Environment : Humid meadows, river sides, in full or partial sunlight Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

Also known as Hardy Geranium, the Meadows Cranebill is a hardy plant, which, once established, will self-seed freely, but may not always come true to colour. It is quite common to be found in Europeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s meadows.

Model 3 38 cm purple flower

FLOWERS 1

Model 2 23 cm purple flower

07. Meadows Cranebill ( Geranium pratense )

Model 1 50 cm purple flower

XfrogPlants

08.

Guzmania

( Guzmania lingulata )

Plant Bloom : End of Winter Origin : Tropical America Environment : Tropical, partial shade or partial sun, on moist acidic soil Climate : Warm and humid Notes :

Guzmania needs intense but indirect sunlight, and constantly high air humidity. It is intolerant of calcareous soils, and must not be watered with calcareous water. Although a humid environment native plant, it needs a well-drained soil.

Model 1 80 cm green leaves, red flowers

FLOWERS 1

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 1

Model 2 40 cm green leaves, red flowers

08. Guzmania ( Guzmania lingulata )

Model 3 40 cm green leaves, red flowers

XfrogPlants

09.

Sunflower

FLOWERS 1

( Helianthus annus )

Plant Bloom : Summer Origin : Southwest of USA Environment : On meadows and grasslands, in full sunlight Climate : Warm, mild Notes :

The Sunflower is an annual plant that blooms in the Summer. The large head produces hundreds of edible seeds and is heliotropic (it moves with the Sun, hence the name). Sunflowers are the only field crop native to North America. Cultivated by native Americans of the Southwest, the Sunflower was imported in Europe in 1510 as decorative plant, and only later cultivated for the seeds.

Model 1 80 cm yellow-orange flower

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 1

Model 2 72 cm yellow flower

09. Sunflower ( Helianthus annus )

Model 3 70 cm yellow flower

XfrogPlants

10.

Fire Bird

FLOWERS 1

( Heliconia stricta )

Plant Bloom : End of Winter (may vary) Origin : North of South America (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador,

Peru, Venezuela, Costa-Rica)

Environment : Tropical, in full sun or light shade, on moist drained soil Climate : Warm and humid Notes :

Also known as Lobsters Claw, the Fire Bird needs a constantly high air humidity and a warm temperature, like all other tropical plants. The beautiful evocative shape and colours make it a favourite for house decoration.

Model 3 59 cm red

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 1

Model 2 60 cm red

10. Fire Bird ( Heliconia stricta )

Model 1 55 cm red

XfrogPlants

11.

Dutch Iris

FLOWERS 1

( Iris xyphium )

Plant Bloom : Late Winter-Early Spring Origin : Western Mediterranean (from Spain to Italy) Environment : Meadows, in full sunlight Climate : Warm, mild Notes :

This Iris (called Dutch inappropriately since it is native of Spain) is a perennial plant with a small bulb that is planted in Autumn for a late Winter or early Spring blooming. A curiosity: the seeds of Iris, when toasted, can provide a coffee substitute.

Model 3 30 cm purple flower

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 1

Model 2 30 cm purple flower Model 1 32 cm purple flower

11. Dutch Iris ( Iris xyphium )

XfrogPlants

12.

Lily

FLOWERS 1

( Lilium hybridum )

Plant Bloom : Summer Origin : Asia Environment : meadows, in full but not intense sunlight, on drained soil Climate : mild, temperate Notes :

Lilies are amongst the most popular flowers. They grow well in a moderate sunlight and need a lot of watering during the blooming season, but the soil must be well drained to prevent water stagnation. Lilies grow better in a mild climate (18Â° to 22Â° C).

Model 1 55 cm yellow flower

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 1

Model 2 50 cm white flower Model 3 50 cm yellow flower

12. Lily ( Lilium hybridum )

XfrogPlants

13.

Geranium

FLOWERS 1

( Pelagonium grandiflorum )

Plant Bloom : Summer Origin : Southern Africa Environment : Meadows, on well-drained, dry soil Climate : Mild Notes :

Geranium is one of the gardenerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s favourites, because it is a little demanding plant that can grow even on arid soils. Many cultivars have been produced of this very successful plant, often present on housesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; balconies. Some say that the scent of geraniums can keep mosquitos away.

Model 3 32 cm red flower

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 1

Model 1 36 cm red flower

Model 2 29 cm red flower

13. Geranium ( Pelagonium grandiflorum )

XfrogPlants

14.

Moth Orchid

FLOWERS 1

( Phalaenopsis amabilis )

Plant Bloom : All year Origin : Southeast of Asia (Philippines) Environment : In light shade, on a well-drained soil Climate : Warm and humid Notes :

The Moth Orchid is one of the most popular orchids for growing in the home, because it is possible to keep it in bloom almost all year round. It requires steady high humidity but care must be taken in not letting the roots stay in the water.

Model 3 70 cm violet flower

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 1

Model 2 53 cm white flower

14. Moth Orchid ( Phalaenopsis amabilis )

Model 1 72 cm white flower

XfrogPlants

15.

Creeping Cinquefoil

FLOWERS 1

( Potentilla reptans )

Plant Bloom : June to August Origin : Europe Environment : Meadows, up to 1.500 m. Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

The Creeping Cinquefoil (also known as European Fivefinger Grass) is a very common meadows herbal plant in both native Europe and the US, where it was introduced and later naturalized. This plant has medical uses as mouthwash and against diarrhoea.

Model 3 23 cm yellow flower

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 1

Model 2 26 cm yellow flower

15. Creeping Cinquefoil ( Potentilla reptans )

Model 1 23 cm yellow flower

XfrogPlants

16.

Satsuki Azalea

FLOWERS 1

( Rhododendron indicum )

Shrub/Tree, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : Spring to Summer Origin : Japan Environment : Valley meadows, thickets, on moist, acidic soil Climate : Mild, temperate and humid Notes :

Model 3 56 cm red flower

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 1

Model 2 52 cm red flower

Model 1 49 cm red flower

16. Satsuki Azalea ( Rhododendron indicum )

XfrogPlants

17.

Rose

FLOWERS 1

XfrogPlants

( Rosa spec. )

Shrub/Tree, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : Variable (Spring to Autumn) Origin : Northern hemisphere Environment : Hills and meadows, in full sunlight Climate : Mild, temperate, cool Notes :

Roses are surely the most popular of all flowers. Being native to all the Northern hemisphere, many natural species exists, and literally thousands of cultivars have been produced by gardeners through the centuries. Roses are easily cultivated, they are fairly frost-resistant but they need full sunlight and rich, deep, well-drained soil.

Model 1 40 cm red flower

FLOWERS 1

Model 2 33 cm red-orange flower

17. Rose ( Rosa spec. )

Model 3 33 cm dark red flower

Model 4 35 cm red flower

XfrogPlants

18.

Bird Of Paradise

( Strelitzia reginae )

Plant Bloom : All year, intermittently Origin : Southern Africa Environment : Open places, in full sunlight Climate : Warm, mild Notes :

This tropical long-stemmed flower is well known for itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s typical bird-like appearance. It needs good watering especially during blooming. It starts blooming after 6 years of life. It is a favourite for house decoration.

Model 3 78 cm purple-orange

FLOWERS 1

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 1

Model 2 59 cm purple-orange Model 1 62 cm purple-orange

18. Bird Of Paradise ( Strelitzia reginae )

XfrogPlants

19.

Pansy

FLOWERS 1

( Viola wittrockiana )

Plant Bloom : Spring Origin : Europe Environment : Humid meadows, in full sunlight or light shade Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

Pansy is an annual (sometimes short-lived perennial) plant that is common on all European sunlit meadows where the soil is not too dry. It has been imported in the U.S. as ornamental plant.

Model 3 15 cm red flower

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 1

Model 2 16 cm yellow-black flower

Model 1 15 cm purple-white flower

19. Pansy ( Viola wittrockiana )

XfrogPlants

20.

Flaming Sword

FLOWERS 1

( Vriesea splendens )

Plant Bloom : Summer Origin : Brazil Environment : Tropical, in partial sunlight or

light shade, on consistently moist soil Climate : Warm and humid

Notes :

Flaming Sword is a perennial tropical plant that needs full but indirect sunlight, humid air, and humid soil. The leaves die after the blooming. The long-lasting, colourful blooming and the elegant leaves make them profitable as ornamentals in a house environment.

Model 1 60 cm red-yelllow

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 1

Model 2 58 cm red

20. Flaming Sword ( Vriesea splendens )

Model 3 60 cm yellow

XfrogPlants

XfrogPlants | Flowers 2

XfrogPlants FLOWERS 2 Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:

(with Alpha) (with Alpha)

www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support

XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation

Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler

Jan Heuschele : Modeler

Tany Heider : Rendering

Karin Rudokas : Research and Development

Peter Fantke : Research and Development

Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development

Oliver Deussen : Research and Development

Stewart McSherry : Product Manager

21.

Bell Agapanthus

FLOWERS 2

( Agapanthus campanulatus )

Plant Bloom : Mid-late Summer Origin : South Africa Environment : Grassy and rocky places, at low altitudes Climate : Warm, mild Notes :

This species prefers a rich, light, well-drained soil. It requires plenty of moisture during the growing season but it needs to be kept dry in the winter. It only flowers freely when growing in a very sunny position. It seems to be immune to the predations of rabbits.

Model 3 40 cm purple flowers full open

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 2

Model 2 40 cm purple flowers part open

21. Bell Agapanthus ( Agapanthus campanulatus )

Model 1 30 cm purple flowers closed

XfrogPlants

22.

Poppy Anemone

( Anemone coronaria )

Plant Bloom : April - May Origin : Mediterranean Environment : Pastures and olive groves Climate : Warm, mild Notes :

A small but eye-catching plant, the Poppy Anemone (also called Windflower) is one of the first flowers to show up in early spring in the Mediterranean regions. The flowers open completely with the sunlight and close with the dark. The name Anemone comes from the ancient Greek word â&#x20AC;&#x153;anemosâ&#x20AC;? (wind).

Model 4 20 cm violet flower open

FLOWERS 2

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 2

XfrogPlants

Model 1 20 cm violet flower half open

Model 5 20 cm white flower open

Model 3 20 cm red flower open

22. Poppy Anemone ( Anemone coronaria )

Model 2 25 cm white flower half open

23.

Delphinium

FLOWERS 2

( Delphinium elatum )

Plant Bloom : July - August Origin : Western Himalayas, Kashmir Environment : Grasslands, in full sunlight, on fertile, well-drained soils Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :

Also known as Candle Larkspur or simply Larkspur, Delphinium is a tall plant, and one of the very few to naturally produce blue flowers. If cultivated in gardens, they need a lot of fertilizer. The name comes from the ancient Greek â&#x20AC;&#x153;delphinionâ&#x20AC;? (dolphin), because of the shape of the nectary.

Model 1 60 cm purple flowers

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 2

Model 2 55 cm purple flowers

23. Delphinium ( Delphinium elatum )

Model 3 55 cm purple flowers

XfrogPlants

24.

Pompon Chrysanthemum

( Dedranthema morifolium )

Plant Bloom : September-October Origin : China Environment : Meadows, on any soil, dry or moist Climate : Mild, temperate, cool Notes :

This is one of the many species of the Chrysantemum genus, which comes from two native areas: Mediterranean Europe and Asia (Japan, China). Two big categories exist: Grandiflora (big, full decorative flowers) and Multiflora (small flowers, with empty or half-full central part).

Model 6 40 cm red flower

FLOWERS 2

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 2

Model 1 35 cm white flower

24. Pompon Chrysanthemum ( Dedranthema morifolium )

Model 2 40 cm white flower cluster

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 2

Model 3 35 cm red flower Model 4 30 cm red flower

24. Pompon Chrysanthemum ( Dedranthema morifolium )

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 2

Model 5 30 cm white flower

24. Pompon Chrysanthemum ( Dedranthema morifolium )

Model 7 40 cm white flower

XfrogPlants

25.

Floristâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Chrysanthemum

( Dedranthema x grandiflorum )

Plant Bloom : Autumn Origin : Japan, China Environment : Valleys, hillsides, in bright shade, on moist soil Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :

The Floristâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Chrysanthemum is a bushy plant that produces a dense flowering if set in an appropriate environment. The soil needs to be moist all the time, because this plant is drought-intolerant. Removing dead flowers heads helps to extend the flowering period.

Model 1 40 cm orange flower

FLOWERS 2

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 2

Model 2 40 cm white flower Model 3 40 cm yellow flower

25. Floristâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Chrysanthemum ( Dedranthema x grandiflorum )

XfrogPlants

26.

Sea Holly

FLOWERS 2

XfrogPlants

( Eryngium alpinum )

Plant Bloom : July - September Origin : Europe (Alps and Apennines) Environment : Meadows, in full sunlight, on calcareous soil Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :

The soil on which Sea Holly grows can be dry to moist. In itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s natural environment (the Alps and Apennines) it is an endangered and therefore protected species. It is also one of the few natural blue-coloured flowers.

Model 1 45 cm purple flower cluster

FLOWERS 2

Model 3 40 cm purple flower single Model 2 40 cm purple flower

26. Sea Holly ( Eryngium alpinum )

XfrogPlants

27.

Scarlet Plume

FLOWERS 2

( Euphorbia fulgens )

Plant Bloom : February Origin : Mexico Environment : Tropical, in partial shade, on moist soil Climate : Warm and humid Notes :

The Scarlet Plume is a shrubby plant that grows in partial shade or partial sun. It thrives in a warm, humid atmosphere with good light. It does not tolerate over- or under-watering. When leaves are removed, or when the stem is cut, a white, sappy fluid is emitted.

Model 3 50 cm yellow flowers

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 2

Model 2 30 cm scarlet red flowers Model 1 60 cm scarlet red flowers

27. Scarlet Plume ( Euphorbia fulgens )

XfrogPlants

28.

Crown-of-Thorns

FLOWERS 2

( Euphorbia milii var. Splendens )

Plant Bloom : Winter Origin : Garden (a variety of the Madagascar plant) Environment : Sub-tropical, in full direct sunlight, on drained soil Climate : Warm and dry Notes :

The Euphorbia Splendens is a garden variety of the Crown-of-thorns (Euphorbia milii). The name comes from Euphorbius, an ancient Greek doctor who used the sap medicinally. The sap is poisonous and can be very irritating if touched. This plant loves the full direct sunlight, which makes the bloom last longer. It grows well in a dry warm environment.

Model 1 40 cm red flowers

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 2

Model 2 30 cm red flowers

28. Crown-of-Thorns ( Euphorbia milii var. Splendens )

Model 3 25 cm red flowers

XfrogPlants

29.

Poinsettia

( Euphorbia pulcherrima )

Plant Bloom : Winter Origin : Mexico Environment : Tropical, in partial shade, on moist soil Climate : Warm and humid Notes :

Poinsettia is very popular all around the world as a Christmas plant (in some countries, it is also called the equivalent of “Christmas Star”). It’s environmental conditions are similar to those good for Scarlet Plume. Additionally, Poinsettia is a “long-night” plant: it blooms only if kept in an environment where there are no less than 14 hours of darkness per day.

Model 1 30 cm red flowers big

FLOWERS 2

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 2

Model 2 20 cm red flowers small

29. Poinsettia ( Euphorbia pulcherrima )

Model 3 25 cm red flowers medium

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 2

XfrogPlants

Model 4 30 cm white flowers big

Model 5 20 cm white flowers small

29. Poinsettia ( Euphorbia pulcherrima )

30.

Lisianthus

( Eustoma grandiflorum )

Plant Bloom : Late Summer - Early Autumn Origin : USA (Colorado, Nebraska, Texas, New Mexico), Northern Mexico Environment : prairies, in full sun or partial shade, on well-drained soil Climate : Warm, mild Notes :

Also called Prairie Gentian or Texas Bluebell, Lisianthus bears large, single or double flowers. It needs adequate watering but does not tolerate over-watering.

Model 1 50 cm purple flowers open

FLOWERS 2

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 2

Model 2 50 cm purple flowers half open

30. Lisianthus ( Eustoma grandiflorum )

Model 3 45 cm purple flowers closed

XfrogPlants

31.

Freesia

FLOWERS 2

( Freesia ssp. )

Plant Bloom : Winter Origin : South Africa Environment : Sub-tropical, in full sunlight, with cool night temperatures Climate : Warm Notes :

Freesia can grow outdoors only in warm climates with dry Summers and moist Winters. They are very delicate and easily damaged by the elements, so people often grow them in containers. It needs constant watering during development and blooming, and little water after blooming.

Model 1 30 cm â&#x20AC;&#x153;blue heavenâ&#x20AC;? flowers part open

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 2

Model 3 30 cm yellow flowers part open

Model 2 30 cm “blue heaven” flowers full open

31. Freesia ( Freesia ssp. )

Model 4 30 cm yellow flowers full open

XfrogPlants

32.

Gerbera

FLOWERS 2

( Gerbera jamesonii )

Plant Bloom : Spring to Autumn Origin : South Africa Environment : Sub-tropical, in full sunlight or partial shade Climate : Warm, mild Notes :

Also known as African Daisy or Transvaal Daisy. A large number of garden varieties in all colours exist. Having a long vase life, Gerberae are widely used in the cut flower industry. This plant is frost-intolerant so it should not be grown in environments where the temperature falls below +5Â° C. Rich blooming happens only in a full sunlight position.

Model 3 40 cm yellow flower

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 2

Model 2 40 cm red flower

32. Gerbera ( Gerbera jamesonii )

Model 1 40 cm orange flower

XfrogPlants

33.

Gladiolus

( Gladiolus communis )

Plant Bloom : April-July Origin : Mediterranean (Spain, Italy, Greece, Northern Africa) Environment : Underwood, grasslands, on well-drained, sandy loamy soil Climate : Warm, mild Notes :

The Gladiolus grows from an underground bulb and can reach the height of 50 cm. Gladiolus is a Latin word which means “small sword” and refers to the shape of the leaves. This also explains why the Gladiolus is sometimes called “Sword Lily”.

Model 1 55 cm pink-red flowers part open

FLOWERS 2

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 2

Model 2 40 cm pink-red flowers full open

33. Gladiolus ( Gladiolus communis )

Model 3 40 cm pink-red flowers part open

XfrogPlants

34.

Amaryllis

( Hippeastrum ssp. )

Plant Bloom : December - May Origin : South Africa Environment : Full sunlight, on sandy neutral soil Climate : Warm, mild Notes :

Amaryllis can grow outdoors only in a warm climate. They grow from an underground bulb. Blooming: outdoors, from December until May. Indoors, it can be force to bloom anytime of the year. It needs good watering when blooming, and little watering after. All parts of plant are poisonous if eaten.

Model 3 50 cm red flowers full open

FLOWERS 2

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 2

Model 2 50 cm red flowers half open

34. Amaryllis ( Hippeastrum ssp. )

Model 1 50 cm red flowers closed

XfrogPlants

35.

Hyacinth

( Hyacinthus orientalis )

Plant Bloom : Spring Origin : Southern Europe, Western Asia (Turkey) Environment : Full sunlight, on well-drained, sandy soil Climate : Warm, mild Notes :

The Hyacinth is a bulbous plant that is very popular because of the very intense scent and the fact that they are very easy to bring into blooming. The bulbs often bloom again in the following years, although usually with smaller flowers. The Hyacinth was a very popular flower also in the ancient Greek and Roman ages.

Model 3 30 cm purple flowers part open

FLOWERS 2

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 2

Model 2 30 cm purple flowers part open

35. Hyacinth ( Hyacinthus orientalis )

Model 1 30 cm purple flowers full open

XfrogPlants

36.

Nodding Pincushion

( Leucospermum nutans )

Plant Bloom : August-January Origin : South Africa Environment : Full sunlight, on moist, acidic sandy soil, from 30 to 500 m Climate : Warm, mild Notes :

The Nodding Pincushion is a rounded shrub approx. 2 m. wide. In their natural environment the seeds are collected by ants, stored in the soil, and germinate only after a fire has killed the mature plants and returned the nutrients back to the soil. The pollination happens thanks to birds and beetles.

Model 1 50 cm pink flower

FLOWERS 2

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 2

Model 2 20 cm red flower

36. Nodding Pincushion ( Leucospermum nutans )

Model 3 50 cm red flower single

XfrogPlants

37.

Blazing Star

( Liatris spicata )

Plant Bloom : Mid-Late Summer Origin : East of North America (from Canada to Florida) Environment : Prairies, in full sunlight, on drained soil Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :

Perennial plant, also known as “Spike Gayfeather” or “March Blazing Star”. The stems of Blazing Star rise from a tuberous rootstock. It needs average water. It is a slow grower, but it’s very hardy once established.

Model 3 28 cm purple flower top open

FLOWERS 2

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 2

Model 2 28 cm purple flower part open

37. Blazing Star ( Liatris spicata )

Model 1 28 cm purple flower full open

XfrogPlants

38.

Pink Tiger Lily

FLOWERS 2

( Lilium lancifolium )

Plant Bloom : July - August Origin : Japan, China Environment : On moist soil, in partial shade Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :

The Pink Tiger Lily is a very old hybrid from Japan / China. Tiger Lily is one of the favourite Lilies for house decoration because of the beautiful blooms in many shape and colour variations (we have built the pink one). It grows well on most soils and is very hardy. The name refers to the maroon dots on the flowers, similar to the skin of tigers.

Model 4 45 cm white-pink-red flowers part open

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 2

Model 2 40 cm white-pink-red flowers full open

Model 3 35 cm white-pink-red flowers part open

38. Pink Tiger Lily ( Lilium lancifolium )

Model 1 35 cm white-pink-red flowers full open

XfrogPlants

39.

Gooseneck Loosestrife

( Lysimachia clethroides )

Plant Bloom : Mid-Late Summer Origin : China, Korea, Japan Environment : Grassy hills, in full sun or partial shade, on moist, fertile soil Climate : Mild Notes :

The plantâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s common name refers to the curiously curved spikes of the flowers which appear in mid- to late summer. The Gooseneck Loosestrife grows fast, and even faster with abundant water.

Model 1 45 cm purple flower full open

FLOWERS 2

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 2

Model 2 45 cm purple flower part open

39. Gooseneck Loosestrife ( Lysimachia clethroides )

Model 3 45 cm purple flower full open

XfrogPlants

40.

King Protea

( Prothea cynarioides )

Plant Bloom : Late Summer-Fall Origin : South Africa Environment : Sub-tropical coastal chaparral, on well-drained soil Climate : Warm or mild, dry Notes :

Also known as Giant Protea, the King Protea is the national flower of South Africa. The artichoke-like appearance of the flower-heads of the King Protea lead to the specific name ‘cynaroides’, which means ‘like cynara’ (the artichoke). It is said that Protea leaves can also be used to make a tea.

Model 3 40 cm pink flower full open

FLOWERS 2

XfrogPlants

FLOWERS 2

Model 2 40 cm pink flower half open

40. King Protea ( Prothea cynarioides )

Model 1 40 cm pink flower closed

XfrogPlants

XfrogPlants | Fruit

XfrogPlants FRUIT Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:

(with Alpha) (with Alpha)

www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support

XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation

Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler

Jan Heuschele : Modeler

Tany Heider : Rendering

Karin Rudokas : Research and Development

Peter Fantke : Research and Development

Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development

Oliver Deussen : Research and Development

Stewart McSherry : Product Manager

01.

Papaya

FRUIT

( Carica papaya )

Plant Origin : Tropical regions of South America Environment : Tropical forests Climate : Warm

Notes :

The Papaya is a plant with a long stem that resembles a trunk. The stem in fact does not branch: it produces a thick spreading cluster of leaves at the top. The leaves are similar to those of the fig tree (hence the Latin name â&#x20AC;&#x153;Caricaâ&#x20AC;?). The green edible fruits turn orange when ripe. Unripe, they can be cooked as vegetables.

Adult 8m

XfrogPlants

FRUIT

Medium 5m

Young 3m

01. Papaya Tree ( Carica papaya )

XfrogPlants

02.

Mexican Lime

FRUIT

( Citrus aurantifolia )

Tree/Shrub, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Asia (India, Himalayas) Environment : Tropical, in warm valleys from sea level to 4,000 m. Climate : Hot, warm Notes :

The Mexican Lime is an Asian species that was imported by the Arabs in the Middle East in ancient ages, and from there in Europe by the Crusaders. Later, Spanish exported it to the Americas. It is widely cultivated for the fruits that are used for drinks and to season fish. It can only grow in tropical or subtropical climates.

Adult 4.5 m

XfrogPlants

FRUIT

Medium 2.5 m Young 1m

02. Mexican Lime ( Citrus aurantifolia )

XfrogPlants

03.

Lemon Tree

FRUIT

( Citrus limon )

Tree/Shrub, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central Asia Environment : Sunny valleys Climate : Warm, mild Notes :

Imported in Europe by the Arabs, in the Middle Ages, the Lemon Tree grows best in warm climates but can also adapt to cooler climates if protected from cold winds and frost. It became wild in the Mediterranean, but it is cultivated everywhere because of the fruits (rich with C Vitamin) that are used for drinks and flavouring.

Adult 6.5 m

XfrogPlants

FRUIT

Medium 3m

Young 1.5 m

03. Lemon ( Citrus limon )

XfrogPlants

04.

Grapefruit Tree

FRUIT

( Citrus paradisi )

Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Malay archipelago Environment : Sunny fields, up to 500 m. Climate : Warm Notes :

The Grapefruit tree is the Citrus species with the largest fruits. The Paradisi variety was selected from Citrus maxima, to offer the sweeter taste fruits that are most appreciated. Like all Citri, Grapefruit too needs a lot of sun to grow healthy and produce a large crop. It is a widely cultivated species in the warm climate areas.

Adult 13 m

XfrogPlants

FRUIT

Young 2m

Medium 6.5 m

04. Grapefruit Tree ( Citrus paradisi )

XfrogPlants

05.

Sweet Orange Tree

FRUIT

( Citrus sinensis )

Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad conical Origin : Asian, uncertain (probably in the Malay archipelago) Environment : Sub-tropical Climate : Warm, mild Notes :

In spite of the name, the most ancient origin of this tree (and of all the Citrus genus) is not Chinese, but in the Malay archipelago, over 20 millions of years ago. The sweet orange species, however, might as well be the result of man induced crossovers. All fruits in the Citrus genus have a very high Vitamin C content.

Adult 9m

XfrogPlants

FRUIT

Medium 7m Young 4.5 m

05. Sweet Orange Tree ( Citrus sinensis )

XfrogPlants

06.

Chinese Persimmon (Kaki)

FRUIT

( Diospyros Kaki )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : China, Korea Environment : Valleys, on all soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

The Chinese Persimmon is widely cultivated in the temperate areas. It is appreciated because it doesn’t need anti-parasitic treatment. The large sweet fruits become edible only when ripe (October), to stay on the tree after all leaves have fallen. In China, Kaki is considered “the tree with the seven virtues”. It is frostintolerant.

Adult 13 m

XfrogPlants

FRUIT

Medium 7m Young 3m

06. Chinese Persimmon (Kaki) ( Diospyros Kaki )

XfrogPlants

07.

Japanese Medlar

FRUIT

( Eriobotrya japonica )

Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Japan, China Environment : Fields, up to 600 m., on rich, fertile soil Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :

The Japanese Medlar is cultivated both as ornamental (because of the small size and evergreen leaves), and for the edible fruits. It can survive moderate frost, down to -10Â°, but can produce fruits only in warmer areas, because cold makes the Autumn blooming sterile. It is a fast-growing tree which is drought-intolerant.

Adult 8m

XfrogPlants

FRUIT

Medium 3.5 m

Young 2m

07. Japanese Medlar ( Eriobotrya japonica )

XfrogPlants

08.

Fig Tree

FRUIT

XfrogPlants

( Ficus carica )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Southeast of Asia Environment : Humid and shady places, on rocky soil Climate : Warm, mild, temperate, cool Notes :

Adult 10 m

FRUIT

Medium 3.5 m

Young 2m

08. Fig Tree ( Ficus carica )

XfrogPlants

09.

Apple Tree

FRUIT

( Malus domestica )

Adult 10 m

XfrogPlants

FRUIT

Medium 6.5 m Young 4m

09. Apple Tree ( Malus domestica )

XfrogPlants

10.

Mango Tree

FRUIT

( Mangifera indica )

Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : India, Birmania, part of Malay archipelago Environment : Tropical and sub-tropical regions,

on rich, well-drained soil Climate : Warm and rather dry

Notes :

Mango is the Indian name for the fruit of this tree, which can grow very tall, up to 30 m. The green fruits turn yellow and red when ripe, and they are a primary food source because of the very nourishing flesh. The Mango Trees found in plantations are often cultivars created by man to optimise fruit taste and growth.

Adult 31 m

XfrogPlants

FRUIT

Medium 16 m

Young 7.5 m

10. Mango Tree ( Mangifera indica )

XfrogPlants

11.

Banana

FRUIT

( Musa x paradisiaca )

Plant Origin : Asia Environment : Tropical valleys, in full light to light shade Climate : Warm and humid, mild

Notes :

Bananas are the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 4th largest fruit crop today. The Banana plant makes fruits only in a tropical environment; it can live in mild climates, but there it almost never makes fruits. Although the plant thrives in full sunlight, the fruits are best kept if the plant is in a light shade. Banana plant need protection from the winds.

Adult 6m

XfrogPlants

FRUIT

Young 2.5 m Medium 4.5 m

11. Banana ( Musa x paradisiaca )

XfrogPlants

12.

Date Palm

FRUIT

( Phoenix dactylifera )

Palm Origin : Western Asia, Middle East Environment : Oases, in full sunlight Climate : Hot, warm and dry

Notes :

The real Date Palm. It starts producing the highly nourishing fruits only at a late adult age, and in dry warm climates: cooler climates prevent dates from growing, humid warm climates make the sugars in the fruits ferment and the dates drop unripe. It was symbol of Fertility for Egyptians, and of imperial power for the Romans.

Adult 31 m

XfrogPlants

FRUIT

Medium 11 m

Young 6.5 m

12. Date Palm ( Phoenix dactylifera )

XfrogPlants

13.

Apricot Tree

FRUIT

( Prunus armeniaca )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : China Environment : Hillside thickets Climate : Mild, warm Notes :

Adult 9m

XfrogPlants

FRUIT

Medium 6m

Young 4.5 m

13. Apricot Tree ( Prunus armeniaca )

XfrogPlants

14.

Sweet Cherry Tree

FRUIT

( Prunus avium )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Europe, West Asia Environment : Forests, hedge rows, river sides, from sea level to 1,500 m. Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :

Adult 20 m

XfrogPlants

FRUIT

Medium 11.5 m

Young 6m

14. Sweet Cherry Tree ( Prunus avium )

XfrogPlants

15.

Plum Tree

FRUIT

( Prunus domestica )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : A garden hybrid of two European species Environment : Cultivations and gardens Climate : Mild Notes :

Adult 10.5 m

XfrogPlants

FRUIT

Medium 7m Young 4.5 m

15. Plum Tree ( Prunus domestica )

XfrogPlants

16.

Peach Tree

FRUIT

( Prunus persica )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : China Environment : Forests, from sea level to 600 m. Climate : Mild Notes :

Adult 8m

XfrogPlants

FRUIT

Medium 5m

Young 3.5 m

16. Peach Tree ( Prunus persica )

XfrogPlants

17.

Blackthorn

FRUIT

( Prunus spinosa )

Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Europe (from Scandinavia and British Islands to Italy) Environment : Forest edges; on moist, calcareous soils Climate : Mild, temperate, cool Notes :

Also known as Sloe, the Blackthorn is the European wild plum, diffused all over the continent and islands. It grows in very thick hedges that are impossible to penetrate because of the sharp thorns. The fruits are very nourishing but sour, and nowadays mostly used for jams and to flavour Gin, but in the past, Vikings had them as a primary food source.

Adult 5.5 m

XfrogPlants

FRUIT

Medium 3m Young 2m

17. Blackthorn ( Prunus spinosa )

XfrogPlants

18.

Guava

FRUIT

( Psidium guayava )

Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central and Southern America (from Mexico to Peru) Environment : Tropical, in humid forests Climate : Hot, warm Notes :

Guava is one of the most important fruit trees of Central America. Although typically a humid Tropic species, It is fairly salt-tolerant and drought-tolerant. It grows fast and can become a noxious weed. A curiosity: the Latin name “Psidium” comes from the Greek for “Pomegranate”, and hints at the similarity of the fruit shapes.

Adult 9.5 m

XfrogPlants

FRUIT

Medium 5.5 m Young 3.5 m

18. Guava ( Psidium guayava )

XfrogPlants

19.

Pomegranate

FRUIT

( Punica granatum )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Iran (Western Asia) Environment : Rocky hills, in full sunlight Climate : Warm, mild Notes :

The Pomegranate became wild in the Mediterranean since extremely ancient ages (it was known 4,000 years before Christ!), but it’s of Asian origin. It is mentioned in both the Bible and the Odyssey. A sacred tree for Phoenicians (hence the “Punica” name) and for Egyptians, too. The fruit is a well-known ancient symbol of Fertility.

Adult 6m

XfrogPlants

FRUIT

Medium 3.5 m

19. Pomegranate ( Punica granatum )

Young 2.5 m

XfrogPlants

20.

Pear Tree

FRUIT

( Pyrus communis )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Garden variety of the Wild Pear (European) Environment : Cultivations and gardens Climate : Temperate Notes :

Adult 15 m

XfrogPlants

FRUIT

Medium 8m

Young 5m

20. Pear Tree ( Pyrus communis )

XfrogPlants

XfrogPlants | Houseplants

XfrogPlants Houseplants Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:

(with Alpha) (with Alpha)

www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support

XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation

Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler

Jan Heuschele : Modeler

Tany Heider : Rendering

Karin Rudokas : Research and Development

Peter Fantke : Research and Development

Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development

Oliver Deussen : Research and Development

Stewart McSherry : Product Manager

01.

Mona Lisa

HOUSEPLANTS

( Aeschynanthus ssp. )

Plant Origin : Tropical America Environment : Tropical Climate : Warm and humid

Notes :

Mona Lisa needs a warm and humid climate the whole year, and good watering. It is a very popular choice in some countries for house decoration, mostly because it looks very good when hanging on a wall. Blooming: from June until August.

Model 55 45 cm green leaves, red flower (hanging plant)

XfrogPlants

HOUSEPLANTS

Model 2 50 cm green leaves, red flower

01. Mona Lisa ( Aeschynanthus ssp. )

Model 3 45 cm green leaves, red flower

XfrogPlants

02.

Asparagus Fern

HOUSEPLANTS

( Asparagus plumosus )

Plant (fern) Origin : South Africa Environment : Tropical Climate : Warm, mild

Notes :

The Asparagus Fern is a climber perennial plant with flat, fernlike â&#x20AC;&#x153;leavesâ&#x20AC;? (really they are not leaves but cladodes) that grow horizontal on wiry stems. It is frostintolerant and can be grown outdoors only in regions with mild winters. Not to be confused with the common Asparagus (food), which is a Southern Europe plant.

Model 1 45 cm green fernlike plant

XfrogPlants

HOUSEPLANTS

Model 2 40 cm green fernlike plant

02. Asparagus Fern ( Asparagus plumosus )

Model 3 45 cm green fernlike plant

XfrogPlants

03.

Kaffir Lily

HOUSEPLANTS

( Clivia miniata )

Plant Origin : South Africa Environment : Subtropical, in bright shade Climate : Warm, mild

Notes :

Kaffir Lily is an easy plant to grow in a home environment. It requires good indirect lighting for bloom, but non-blooming plants are still beautiful. Kaffir lily roots contain small amounts of the alkaloid Lycorine, which is toxic for humans.

Model 1 55 cm green leaves, orange-red flowers

XfrogPlants

HOUSEPLANTS

Model 2 50 cm green leaves, orange-red flowers

03. Kaffir Lily ( Clivia miniata )

Model 3 45 cm green leaves, orange-red flowers

XfrogPlants

04.

Croton Petra

HOUSEPLANTS

( Codiaeum variegatum var. Pictum )

Plant Origin : Indonesia (Moluccan Islands) Environment : Tropical, in full sunlight Climate : Warm

Notes :

The vivid and bright variegated colours of Croton Petra gave this plant a great popularity. It is said that the colours of the Brazilian flag have been inspired by the leaves of Croton Petra. Full sunlight is required for the leaves to take the brightest colours.

Model 1 50 cm green-red-yellow leaves

XfrogPlants

HOUSEPLANTS

Model 2 40 cm green-yellow leaves

04. Croton Petra ( Codiaeum variegatum var. Pictum )

Model 3 25 cm green-yellow leaves

XfrogPlants

05.

Sago Palm

HOUSEPLANTS

( Cycas revoluta )

Plant (cycad) Origin : South-East of Asia Environment : Tropical Climate : W arm, mild

Notes :

Cycadaceae are one of the most ancient tall vegetation families still living today. Similar to palms and ferns, but being neither of the two (as commonly misbelieved) they have characteristics of their own. Sago Palm looks like a small or shrubby palm-tree. It can be also potted for home growing.

Model 1 40 cm green

XfrogPlants

HOUSEPLANTS

Model 4 30 cm green

Model 2 40 cm green

Model 3 40 cm green

05. Sago Palm ( Cycas revoluta )

XfrogPlants

06.

Dendrobium Nobile

HOUSEPLANTS

( Dendrobium nobile )

Plant Origin : South-East of Asia Environment : Tropical Climate : Warm and humid

Notes :

Dendrobium nobile is appreciated for itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s display of brightly coloured flowers along the stem. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a fairly easy orchid to grow. It requires moderate light in the summer and full light during Autumn and Winter Blooming: Winter and early Spring.

Model 1 52 cm yellow flowers

XfrogPlants

HOUSEPLANTS

Model 2 45 cm yellow flowers

06. Dendrobium Nobile ( Dendrobium nobile )

Model 3 40 cm yellow flowers

XfrogPlants

07.

Red Edge Dracaena

HOUSEPLANTS

( Dracaena marginata )

Plant Origin : Madagascar Environment : Tropical, in bright shade Climate : Warm and humid

Notes :

Red Edge Dracaena is the easiest of all dracenae to grow, because itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the most tolerant with regards to air humidity. It needs indirect sunlight and constant humidification of soil and leaves, especially during the vegetative periods.

Model 1 115 cm green leaves

XfrogPlants

HOUSEPLANTS

Model 2 100 cm green leaves

07. Red Edge Dracaena ( Dracaena marginata )

Model 3 90 cm green leaves

XfrogPlants

08.

Ballerina Epidendrum

HOUSEPLANTS

( Epidendrum ssp. )

Plant Origin : Mexico Environment : Tropical, in full but indirect sunlight Climate : Warm

Notes :

Reedstem Epidendrum is one of the easiest orchids to grow. It is little demanding about soil and watering, and can stay outdoors until just before the frost limit. It requires good indirect lighting. The flowering lasts quite long.

Model 1 50 cm yellow flowers

XfrogPlants

HOUSEPLANTS

Model 2 45 cm yellow flowers

08. Ballerina Epidendrum ( Epidendrum ssp. )

Model 3 40 cm yellow flowers

XfrogPlants

09.

Crown-Of-Thorns

HOUSEPLANTS

( Euphorbia milii )

Plant (cactus) Origin : Madagascar Environment : Sub-tropical, in full sunlight, on drained soil Climate : Warm and dry

Notes :

The name comes from Euphorbius, an ancient Greek doctor who used the sap of this plant medicinally. Euphorbia milii is supposedly the plant used for Christâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s crown of thorns (hence the name). The sap is poisonous and can be very irritating if touched. This plant loves direct sunlight, which makes blooming last longer. It grows well in a dry, warm environment.

Model 1 17 cm green leaves, red flowers

XfrogPlants

HOUSEPLANTS

Model 2 15 cm green leaves, red flowers

09. Crown-Of-Thorns ( Euphorbia milii )

Model 3 12 cm green leaves, red flowers

XfrogPlants

10.

Electrode Cactus

HOUSEPLANTS

( Ferocactus histrix )

Plant (cactus) Origin : Central Mexico Environment : Solitary, on desert lands and cliffs, in full sun, on dry soil Climate : Hot, warm

Notes :

The electrode Cactus is a species that needs little or no water once established. It is also moderately frostresistant. It most often grows as solitary individuals on the sandy arid soils of central Mexico.

Model 1 18 cm

XfrogPlants

HOUSEPLANTS

Model 2 15 cm

10. Electrode Cactus ( Ferocactus histrix )

Model 3 12 cm

XfrogPlants

11.

Benjamin Ficus

HOUSEPLANTS

( Ficus benjamina )

Shrub/Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : India Environment : Tropical, in bright shade Climate : Warm Notes :

The Ficus genus includes many tree and shrub species, both deciduous (like the fig tree) and evergreen, like Benjamin Ficus, which can also be potted and grown in a home environment. When potted, it doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t grow higher than 2 m. The branches are slightly weeping.

Model 1 150 cm green leaves

XfrogPlants

HOUSEPLANTS

Model 2 120 cm green leaves

11. Benjamin Ficus ( Ficus benjamina )

Model 3 80 cm green leaves

XfrogPlants

12.

Gemma Guzmania

HOUSEPLANTS

( Guzmania diss. Gemma )

Plant Origin : Tropical America (Costa Rica) Environment : Tropical, partial shade or partial sun, on moist acidic soil Climate : Warm and humid

Notes :

The Gemma variety, like the other Guzmania varieties, needs intense but indirect sunlight, and constantly high air humidity. Blooming: end of Winter. The bright colours of this species make it a favourite for house decoration.

Model 1 55 cm green leaves, yellow-red flower

XfrogPlants

HOUSEPLANTS

Model 2 45 cm green leaves, yellow-red flower

12. Gemma Guzmania ( Guzmania diss. Gemma )

Model 3 40 cm green leaves, yellow-red flower

XfrogPlants

13.

Common Ivy

HOUSEPLANTS

( Hedera helix ssp. Helix )

Plant Origin : Europe Environment : European countryside, creeping on rocky slopes and trees Climate : mild, temperate

Notes :

The Common Ivy is a very humble and rustic plant, and yet, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s very much appreciated for decoration, because of the lobed evergreen deep green leaves. It produces black berry-like fruits. Now present all over the world as decorative species.

Model 1 80 cm green leaves, hanging plant

XfrogPlants

HOUSEPLANTS

Model 2 70 cm green leaves, hanging plant

13. Common Ivy ( Hedera helix ssp. Helix )

Model 3 60 cm green leaves, hanging plant

XfrogPlants

14.

Cherry Pie

HOUSEPLANTS

( Heliotropium peruvianum )

Plant Origin : South America (Peru) Environment : In full sunlight, on rich, moist soil Climate : Mild, temperate

Notes :

The Cherry Pie plant is a sweet-scented plant which is called Heliotrope because it follows the course of the sun. It grows in a bushy form, and looks good throughout the summer. In the Language of Flowers, the heliotrope means devotion and faithfulness. The plant has therapeutic properties.

Model 1 25 cm green leaves, blue-purple flower

XfrogPlants

HOUSEPLANTS

Model 2 22 cm green leaves, blue-purple flower

14. Cherry Pie ( Heliotropium peruvianum )

Model 3 18 cm green leaves, blue-purple flower

XfrogPlants

15.

Kalanchoe

HOUSEPLANTS

( Kalanchoe blossfeldiana )

Plant Origin : Madagascar Environment : Sub-tropical areas, in full sunlight, on well-drained soil Climate : Warm

Notes :

The flowers of this species last for many weeks and have bright vivid colours if the plant is exposed to full sunlight for at least 4 hours a day. It needs little water. Many garden cultivar of this species exist, in many different blooming colours.

Model 1 25 cm light green

XfrogPlants

HOUSEPLANTS

Model 2 20 cm light green

15. Kalanchoe ( Kalanchoe blossfeldiana )

Model 3 18 cm light green

XfrogPlants

16.

Banana

HOUSEPLANTS

( Musa x paradisiaca )

Plant Origin : Garden cultivar of the wild Asian Banana plant (Musa acuminata) Environment : Tropical valleys, in full light to light shade Climate : Warm and humid, mild

Notes :

This is the Banana cultivar that is used for the commercial production of fruits. In plantations, it can grow up to 9 m., but it can also be potted and grown in a home environment as decorative species, in which case it rarely reaches the height of 2 m. It shares the same plant characteristics of itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s wild parent.

Model 1 140 cm green plant

XfrogPlants

HOUSEPLANTS

Model 2 110 cm green plant

16. Banana ( Musa x paradisiaca )

Model 3 75 cm green plant

XfrogPlants

17.

Fishbone Fern

HOUSEPLANTS

( Nephrolepis cordifolia )

Plant (fern) Origin : Pantropical Environment : In bright shade, growing in soil, rocks, or palm trunks Climate : Warm

Notes :

The Fishbone Fern is a tropical and cold-sensitive fern, that can grow only in warm climate regions. It can become weedy. Like most ferns, it grows of preference in the open, bright shade of taller species like trees and palms.

Model 1 40 cm

XfrogPlants

HOUSEPLANTS

Model 2 32 cm

Model 4 27 cm

Model 3 27 cm

17. Fishbone Fern ( Nephrolepis cordifolia )

XfrogPlants

18.

African Violet

HOUSEPLANTS

( Saintpaulia ionantha )

Plant Origin : Tanganyika (Africa) Environment : Tropical, in bright shade, on moist soil Climate : Warm and humid

Notes :

The African Violet is a widely popular plant. Bright, indirect light (12 hours a day) is best for optimal blooming. Direct sun in winter may keep it flowering, but summer sun will burn it. Air humidity must be constantly high.

Model 1 16 cm green leaves, dark purple flower

XfrogPlants

HOUSEPLANTS

Model 2 15 cm green leaves, dark purple flower

Model 3 12 cm green leaves, dark purple flower

18. African Violet ( Saintpaulia ionantha )

XfrogPlants

19.

Miniature Chusan Palm

HOUSEPLANTS

( Trachycarpus wagnerianus )

Palm Origin : Unknown in the wild, probably a cultivar of Trachycarpus fortunei Environment : Gardens, in a sunny place, on moist, well-drained soil Climate : Temperate, cool

Notes :

This is a medium-sized fan palm, quite similar to the Chinese Windmill Palm (Trachycarpus fortunei), but this species has slightly different leaves. It is very cold tolerant, even more than the Chinese Windmill Palm. It grows very slowly.

Model 1 60 cm palm

XfrogPlants

HOUSEPLANTS

Model 2 60 cm palm

19. Miniature Chusan Palm ( Trachycarpus wagnerianus )

Model 3 60 cm palm

XfrogPlants

20.

Aroid Palm

HOUSEPLANTS

( Zamioculcas zamiifolia )

Plant Origin : Africa (Zanzibar, Tanzania) Environment : Sub-tropical, light shade or full shade Climate : Warm wet summers, mild dry winters

Notes :

Not really a palm, the so-called Aroid Palm is a perennial plant that belongs to the Araceae (same family of the Philodendron). It has a somehow â&#x20AC;&#x153;prehistoricâ&#x20AC;? look reminiscent of a cycad relative (hence the name).

Model 1 65 cm green leaves

XfrogPlants

HOUSEPLANTS

Model 2 55 cm green leaves

20. Aroid Palm ( Zamioculcas zamiifolia )

Model 3 45 cm green leaves

XfrogPlants

XfrogPlants | Japan

XfrogPlants JAPAN Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:

(with Alpha) (with Alpha)

www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support

XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation

Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler

Jan Heuschele : Modeler

Tany Heider : Rendering

Karin Rudokas : Research and Development

Peter Fantke : Research and Development

Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development

Oliver Deussen : Research and Development

Stewart McSherry : Product Manager

01.

Nikko Fir

JAPAN

( Abies homolepis )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Japan Environment : Mountain forests Climate : Cool Japanese Name : Urajiromomi Notes :

The Nikko Fir is a characteristic conifer of the mountains of Japan, but due to the elegant shape and the fact that it tolerates pollution better than other fir species, it is often planted in cities for urban decoration.

Adult 25 m

XfrogPlants

JAPAN

Young 4m

Medium 15 m

01. Nikko Fir ( Abies homolepis )

XfrogPlants

02.

Nikko Maple

JAPAN

( Acer nikoense )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Japan Environment : Stream sides Climate : Mild, temperate Japanese Name : Megusurinoki. Notes :

The Nikko Maple is found in nature as a small tree, but it can grow as a shrub when cultivated by man. It loves deep and humid soils. It is appreciated as an urban decoration species because of the red Autumn leaves.

Adult 12 m

XfrogPlants

JAPAN

Medium 6.5 m

02. Nikko Maple ( Acer nikoense )

Young 3m

XfrogPlants

03.

Japanese Maple

JAPAN

( Acer palmatum )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : West Asia Environment : forests Climate : Mild Japanese Name : Iroha-momiji Notes :

Adult 12 m

XfrogPlants

JAPAN

Young 4.5 m

Medium 7m

03. Japanese Maple ( Acer palmatum )

XfrogPlants

04.

Katsura Tree

JAPAN

( Cercidiphyllum japonicum )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Himalaya and Japan Environment : Mountain forests Climate : Temperate, cool Japanese Name : Katsura Notes :

The Katsura tree grows on the mountains of West Asia, where it is appreciated for handicraft products because of the prized light wood. It is also considered a decorative species and therefore planted in city parks and gardens. Although it is a mountain tree, it can suffer from early frost.

Adult 25 m

XfrogPlants

JAPAN

Medium 15 m

Young 3.5 m

04. Katsura Tree ( Cercidiphyllum japonicum )

XfrogPlants

05.

Hinoki Falsecypress

JAPAN

( Chamaecyparis obtusa )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Japan Environment : Mountain slopes, on moist but well-drained acidic soil Climate : Temperate, cool Japanese Name : Hinoki Notes :

Adult 20 m

XfrogPlants

JAPAN

Young 4m

Medium 7m

05. Hinoki Falsecypress ( Chamaecyparis obtusa )

XfrogPlants

06.

Japanese Cedar

JAPAN

XfrogPlants

( Cryptomeria japonica )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Japan Environment : Forests Climate : Temperate Japanese Name : Sugi Notes :

Adult 26 m

JAPAN

Young 4m

Medium 12 m

06. Japanese Cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica )

XfrogPlants

07.

Ginkgo

JAPAN

( Ginko biloba )

Tree, deciduous ginkgo Shape : Broad conical Origin : China (long-time extinct in nature) Environment : wild environment unknown Climate : temperate Japanese Name : Ichou Notes :

Adult 20 m

XfrogPlants

JAPAN

Medium 8.5 m Young 5m

07. Ginkgo ( Ginkgo biloba )

XfrogPlants

08.

Japanese Walnut

JAPAN

( Juglans ailantifolia )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Japan Environment : Stream sides, wet places Climate : Mild, temperate Japanese Name : Kurumi Notes :

The Japanese Walnut has edible fruits, but the husk is poisonous and is traditionally used to catch fish. Like most walnut species, the Japanese Walnut too offers a wood that is appreciated for building and furniture.

Adult 15 m

XfrogPlants

JAPAN

Medium 7.5 m

Young 4m

08. Japanese Walnut ( Juglans ailantifolia )

XfrogPlants

09.

Temple Juniper

JAPAN

( Juniperus rigida )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Central and Southern Japan Environment : Hills and mountains Climate : Temperate, cool Japanese Name : Nezumisashi Notes :

The Temple Juniper is more exacting with soil than other juniper species, it needs a rich, well-drained soil for an ideal growth. It grows of preference under direct sunlight and has a slow growth rate. The tree shape significantly broadens with age.

Adult 6.5 m

XfrogPlants

JAPAN

Medium 4m

Young 2m

09. Temple Juniper ( Juniperus rigida )

XfrogPlants

10.

Japanese White Larch

JAPAN

( Larix kaempferi )

Tree, deciduous conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Central Japan Environment : Mountain forests, on humid, well-drained soil Climate : Cool, cold Japanese Name : Karamatsu Notes :

Adult 25 m

XfrogPlants

JAPAN

Young 4m

Medium 10 m

10. Japanese White Larch ( Larix kaempferi )

XfrogPlants

11.

Saucer Magnolia

JAPAN

( Magnolia x soulangeana )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Garden cultivar Environment : Cultivations and gardens Climate : Mild Japanese Name : Mokuren Notes :

Adult 9m

XfrogPlants

JAPAN

Medium 5m Young 3m

11. Saucer Magnolia ( Magnolia x soulangeana )

XfrogPlants

12.

Japanese Hop Hornbeam

JAPAN

( Ostrya japonica )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad conical Origin : China, Japan, Korea Environment : Mountain woods, on moist, well-drained soil Climate : Temperate, cool Japanese Name : Asada Notes :

The Japanese Hop Hornbeam is a slow-growing but hardy, pest-resistant tree, with a rustic look. It is not considered decorative but itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hardiness makes it a good choice for cities where pollution is an issue. The wood is very hard and tough, and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s used for agricultural implements.

Adult 18 m

XfrogPlants

JAPAN

Medium 9m

Young 3m

12. Japanese Hop Hornbeam ( Ostrya japonica )

XfrogPlants

13.

Amur Corktree

JAPAN

( Phellodendron amurense var. Japonica )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Japan Environment : Moist places near mountain streams Climate : Temperate, cool Japanese Name : Ki-hada Notes :

This is the Japanese native variety of the Amur Corktree (Chinese). As the name implies, the bark is used for production of cork. The limited height and the thick foliage make it also ideal for decoration in a controlled urban environment, where it can offer a good shade without becoming too invasive.

Adult 12.5 m

XfrogPlants

JAPAN

Medium 6m

Young 4m

13. Amur Corktree ( Phellodendron amurense var. Japonica )

XfrogPlants

14.

Hachiku Bamboo

JAPAN

( Phyllostachys nigra var. Henonis )

Plant Origin : China Environment : Thickets in humid areas, on moist soil Climate : Temperate, cool Japanese Name : Hachiku Notes :

The Hachiku bamboo is a cold-resistant species which can grow on almost all soil, as long as it is moist. Differently from many other bamboos, it grows of preference under direct sunlight. The invasive roots of bamboos make them a good choice to fight terrain erosion.

Adult 7.5m

XfrogPlants

JAPAN

Medium 6m

14. Hachiku Bamboo ( Phyllostachys nigra var. Henonis )

Young 4m

XfrogPlants

15.

Koyama Spruce

JAPAN

( Picea koyamai )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Central Japan, Korea Environment : Mountain forests, mostly between 1,500 and 1,800 m. Climate : Cool, cold Japanese Name : Yatsugataketouhi Notes :

The Koyama spruce is a relatively small, hardy spruce, easily recognizable for the pink-purple bark. It is a quite rare tree and not often found outside of native areas except for botanical gardens, yet it could be a highly decorative choice for urban parks and gardens.

Adult 18 m

XfrogPlants

JAPAN

Young 3m

Medium 10 m

15. Koyama Spruce ( Picea koyamai )

XfrogPlants

16.

Japanese White Pine

JAPAN

XfrogPlants

( Pinus parviflora )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Japan Environment : Mountain forests, on rocky soil Climate : Cool, cold Japanese Name : Goyomatsu Notes :

Adult 20 m

JAPAN

Medium 10 m

Young 5m

16. Japanese White Pine ( Pinus parviflora )

XfrogPlants

17.

Kanzan Cherry

JAPAN

( Prunus serrulata var. Kanzan )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Japan Environment : Hills and mountains Climate : Temperate Japanese Name : Kanzan Notes :

Adult 10.5 m

XfrogPlants

JAPAN

Medium 6.5 m

17. Kanzan Cherry ( Prunus serrulata var. Kanzan )

Young 3.5 m

XfrogPlants

18.

Yoshino Cherry

JAPAN

( Prunus x yedoensis )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Japan Environment : Mixed forests with other Prunus species Climate : Temperate Japanese Name : Somei-yoshino Notes :

Adult 10 m

XfrogPlants

JAPAN

Medium 6m

Young 4m

18. Yoshino Cherry ( Prunus x yedoensis )

XfrogPlants

19.

Northern Japanese Hemlock

JAPAN

XfrogPlants

( Tsuga diversifolia )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Northern and Central Japan Environment : Forests, mountain slopes Climate : Cool, cold Japanese Name : Kometsuga Notes :

This conifer can grow as a relatively tall tree in the wild, but in cultivations it can grow as a shrub. It is also know as â&#x20AC;&#x153;Rice treeâ&#x20AC;? because the under side of leaves has a tiny white band. It is extremely cold-resistant and therefore planted as decorative essence in cold cities (such as Moscow).

Adult 24 m

JAPAN

Young 4m

Medium 13 m

19. Northern Japanese Hemlock ( Tsuga diversifolia )

XfrogPlants

20.

Japanese Zelkova

JAPAN

( Zelkova serrata )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Japan, China, Korea Environment : Along streams, on moist soil Climate : Temperate Japanese Name : Keyaki Notes :

Adult 33 m

XfrogPlants

JAPAN

Medium 14.5 m

Young 4m

20. Japanese Zelkova ( Zelkova serrata )

XfrogPlants

XfrogPlants | Mediterranean

XfrogPlants MEDITERRANEAN Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:

(with Alpha) (with Alpha)

www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support

XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation

Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler

Jan Heuschele : Modeler

Tany Heider : Rendering

Karin Rudokas : Research and Development

Peter Fantke : Research and Development

Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development

Oliver Deussen : Research and Development

Stewart McSherry : Product Manager

01.

Atlas Cedar

MEDITERRANEAN

( Cedrus atlantica )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Morocco Environment : Mountains and hills, on well-drained soil Climate : Warm, mild, temperate Notes :

Highly decorative conifer, distinguishable from the other cedars because it’s branches often point upwards. Often used in urban decoration, especially in it’s “Glauca” variety. The Atlas Cedar is fairly cold-tolerant, but it is not frost-resistant. It can grow well in different environments, as long as it is on deep soil.

Adult 52 m

XfrogPlants

MEDITERRANEAN

Medium 20 m

Young 4.5 m

01. Atlas Cedar ( Cedrus atlantica )

XfrogPlants

02.

Lebanon Cedar

MEDITERRANEAN

( Cedrus libani )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Lebanon Environment : Low mountains and hills, on fertile well-drained soil Climate : Mild, warm, temperate Notes :

Highly decorative conifer, distinguishable from the other cedars because of big vertical main branches and the almost flat secondary branches. Often used in urban decoration. The Lebanon Cedar does not tolerate prolonged cold and frost, and is also stagnation-intolerant. It has a slower growth compared to the other cedars.

Adult 40 m

XfrogPlants

MEDITERRANEAN

Young 5m

Medium 21 m

02. Lebanon Cedar ( Cedrus libani )

XfrogPlants

03.

Judas Tree

MEDITERRANEAN

( Cercis siliquastrum )

Adult 10.5 m

XfrogPlants

MEDITERRANEAN

Medium 6.5 m

03. Judas Tree ( Cercis siliquastrum )

Young 4.5 m

XfrogPlants

04.

Mediterranean Fan Palm

MEDITERRANEAN

( Chamaerops humilis )

Palm Origin : Southwest Mediterranean Environment : Sea coasts, hinterland only in the warmer areas Climate : Warm and dry

Notes :

This palm is often found as a thick shrub, with an height of about 2-3 meters. Only occasionally it can grow higher up to 7 meters, and thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s when itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s trunk becomes really visible. It is one of the only two native Mediterranean palms.

Adult 4m

XfrogPlants

MEDITERRANEAN

XfrogPlants

Young 1m

Medium 3m

Adult 11 m

04. Mediterranean Fan Palm ( Chamaerops humilis )

05.

Italian Cypress

MEDITERRANEAN

( Cupressus sempervirens )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow columnar Origin : Central and East Mediterranean Environment : Forests, from sea level up to 1,000 m. Climate : Warm, with dry summers and mild winters Notes :

A â&#x20AC;&#x153;trademarkâ&#x20AC;? of Tuscany landscape, the Italian Cypress is frost-intolerant. Cyparissus was a mythical boy hunter whose best friend was a deer. One day he killed his friend by mistake and prayed Apollo to let his tears forever fall, so the pitiful god turned him into this tree and his tears into resin. Since then, the Italian Cypress evokes a feeling of sadness.

Adult 30 m

XfrogPlants

MEDITERRANEAN

Medium 16 m Young 8m

05. Italian Cypress ( Cupressus sempervirens )

XfrogPlants

06.

Manna Ash

MEDITERRANEAN

( Fraxinus ornus )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central Mediterranean Environment : Open forests, from sea level up to 600 m. Climate : Warm, mild, temperate Notes :

This is the famous manna tree of biblical memory. Manna is a very sweet, edible resin obtained by making notches on the trunk in August. The Manna Ash is used in urban decoration because of the huge white, honeyscented May blooming.

Adult 25 m

XfrogPlants

MEDITERRANEAN

Medium 12.5 m

Young 4m

06. Manna Ash ( Fraxinus ornus )

XfrogPlants

07.

Prickly Juniper

MEDITERRANEAN

( Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. Macrocarpa )

Tree/Shrub, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Whole Mediterranean area Environment : Sandy coasts, forest undergrowth, on dry, arid soil Climate : Warm and dry Notes :

This particular subspecies of the Prickly Juniper can often be found growing directly on the sand of sea coasts, or in the undergrowth of Mediterranean pine forests. More often found as small tree rather than shrub. It produces scented berries.

Adult 10 m

XfrogPlants

MEDITERRANEAN

XfrogPlants

Young 2.5 m

Medium 3.5 m

07. Prickly Juniper ( Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. Macrocarpa )

08.

Laurel

MEDITERRANEAN

( Laurus nobilis )

Tree/Shrub, evergreen broadleaf Shape : broad conical Origin : whole Mediterranean area Environment : humid forests, coasts and low hills Climate : warm, mild, temperate Notes :

In the ancient ages this tree was sacred to Apollo and the twigs (symbol of peace after the victory) were used to crown glorious people. According to the myth, Laurel is the tree the nymph Daphne turned into when Apollo was trying to seduce her. The aromatic leaves are often used in kitchen recipes. It is drought-intolerant.

Adult 19 m

XfrogPlants

MEDITERRANEAN

Medium 8m Young 3m

08. Laurel ( Laurus nobilis )

XfrogPlants

09.

Myrtle

MEDITERRANEAN

( Myrtus communis )

Shrub, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Shrubby, broad spreading Origin : Central and East Mediterranean Environment : Sea coasts, forest undergrowth Climate : Warm and dry Notes :

This elegant shrub, with scented white blossoms, was sacred to Venus. It is named after Myrsine, an Attic beautiful young girl killed for envy by a boy whom she beat at a race, and turned into this evergreen shrub by the pitiful Pallas. A liquor is made with the strongly aromatic leaves. It is cold-intolerant.

Adult 5m

XfrogPlants

MEDITERRANEAN

Medium 2.5 m

Young 1.5 m

09. Myrtle ( Myrtus communis )

XfrogPlants

10.

Oleander

MEDITERRANEAN

( Nerium oleander )

The undisputed protagonist of the Mediterranean landscape along the rivers, with itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s spectacular pink or white blooming that lasts all summer, the Oleander can also be found next to the sea, because it is saltresistant. On the other hand, it is frost-intolerant. All of itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s parts are extremely poisonous for the heart of men and animals: even a single leaf can be lethal, if eaten.

Adult 9m

XfrogPlants

MEDITERRANEAN

Young 2m

Medium 4m

10. Oleander ( Nerium oleander )

XfrogPlants

11.

Olive

MEDITERRANEAN

( Olea europaea )

Adult 11 m

XfrogPlants

MEDITERRANEAN

Medium 5.5 m

11. Olive ( Olea europaea )

Young 4m

XfrogPlants

12.

Aleppo Pine

MEDITERRANEAN

( Pinus halepensis )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Whole Mediterranean area Environment : Rocky sea coasts and hills, on calcareous dry rocky soil Climate : Warm, with mild humid winters and dry summers Notes :

This relatively small pine is ubiquitous on the rocky coasts of Mediterranean, where it can grow in difficult conditions and often with bending trunks because of the wind. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s intensely scented resin is the most prized for the production of turpentine essence.

Adult 21 m

XfrogPlants

MEDITERRANEAN

Medium 11.5 m

12. Aleppo Pine ( Pinus halepensis )

Young 7m

XfrogPlants

13.

Sea Pine

MEDITERRANEAN

( Pinus pinaster )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad columnar Origin : West Mediterranean (Spain, Provence) Environment : Sandy coasts, hills up to 800 m. altitude, on acidic soil Climate : Mild, warm, temperate Notes :

In spite of the common name, of the three most important Mediterranean pines, the Sea Pine is the one that is less often found on the coasts, growing mainly on the hinterland hills. It is planted by man on the coasts, though, because it is a sturdy species that stands salt well.

Adult 35 m

XfrogPlants

MEDITERRANEAN

Medium 19 m

Young 10 m

13. Sea Pine ( Pinus pinaster )

XfrogPlants

14.

Italian Stone Pine

MEDITERRANEAN

( Pinus pinea )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Whole Mediterranean area Environment : Sea coasts, coastal forests, never above 600 m. Climate : Warm, with dry summers and mild winters Notes :

The truest sea pine of Mediterranean, a tall elegant tree that grows only rarely in the hinterland. Unmistakeable are itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s umbrella-shaped crown and the barkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s orange and white plates. Seeds are edible and sought-after. The coastal forests of the Italian Stone Pine are very luminous and host many species in the underwood.

Adult 30 m

XfrogPlants

MEDITERRANEAN

Medium 14 m Young 7.5 m

14. Italian Stone Pine ( Pinus pinea )

XfrogPlants

15.

Lentisk

MEDITERRANEAN

XfrogPlants

( Pistacia lentiscus )

Tree/Shrub, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Shrubby, broad spreading Origin : Whole Mediterranean area Environment : Mediterranean scrub (maquis), beach edges, on dry sandy soil Climate : Warm, with dry summers and mild winters Notes :

This shrub (rarely small tree) dominates the Mediterranean scrub, that covers the coasts immediately after the sandy areas and until the first arboreal formations. It has balsamic properties and is used for the production of oil. The leaves are also used for the production of tannin. The resin is used for the production of varnish.

Adult 6.5 m

MEDITERRANEAN

Medium 4m

Young 2.5 m

15. Lentisk ( Pistacia lentiscus )

XfrogPlants

16.

Turkey Oak

MEDITERRANEAN

XfrogPlants

( Quercus cerris )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central and East Mediterranean (Italy, Greece, Turkey) Environment : Forests, sea level up to 800 m., on deep, fresh acidic soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

Widely diffused tree, the Turkey Oak can be found in pure woods or in mixed woods together with other Mediterranean oaks, from which it is easily distinguishable because of the peculiar leaves and acorns. It prefers humid soils and likes the sunlight. It does not tolerate intense cold.

Adult 39 m

MEDITERRANEAN

Medium 17.5 m

Young 3m

16. Turkey Oak ( Quercus cerris )

XfrogPlants

17.

Holm Oak

MEDITERRANEAN

( Quercus ilex )

Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Whole Mediterranean area Environment : Coastal woods, up to (and rarely above) 600 m. Climate : Warm, with mild winters and dry summers Notes :

Also known as Evergreen Oak, Quercus ilex used to be the king of Mediterranean landscape, but itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s dominance is today reduced because of fires (the slow growth of this species being the problem with reafforestation). Often used for urban decoration for itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s beautiful shape and peculiar dark leaves, that cast a deep and cool shadow.

Adult 26.5 m

XfrogPlants

MEDITERRANEAN

Young 2.5 m

Medium 10 m

17. Holm Oak ( Quercus ilex )

XfrogPlants

18.

Cork Oak

MEDITERRANEAN

XfrogPlants

( Quercus suber )

Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : West and Central Mediterranean (Spain, Italy, North Africa) Environment : Forests, sea level up to 1000 m., on acidic soil Climate : Warm and dry Notes :

Found in pure forests or mixed with Evergreen Oak, Turkey Oak, and Italian Stone Pine. As itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s name implies, the Cork Oak is the tree whose bark is used for the production of natural cork. It is therefore cultivated in plantations, but only where the climate is warm, because it does not tolerate cold.

Adult 22 m

MEDITERRANEAN

Medium 11 m

Young 6m

18. Cork Oak ( Quercus suber )

XfrogPlants

19.

Spanish Broom

MEDITERRANEAN

( Spartium junceum )

Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Shrubby, broad spreading Origin : West Mediterranean (Spain, Western Italy) Environment : Steep hillsides, on poor, dry rocky soil Climate : Mild, warm, temperate Bloom : June Notes :

This beautiful shrub is very frugal and often grows where no other vegetation species can, even on the petrified volcanic lava. Because of itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s beautiful yellow blooming in spring, it is also used for urban decoration.

Adult 4m

XfrogPlants

MEDITERRANEAN

XfrogPlants

Young 1m

Medium 2m

19. Spanish Broom ( Spartium junceum )

20.

French Tamarisk

MEDITERRANEAN

( Tamarix gallica )

Tree/Shrub, semi-persistent broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : West Mediterranean

(Spain, Provence, West coasts of Italy) Environment : Sea coasts, sandy dunes, river beds Climate : Warm, with mild humid winters

Notes :

This frugal tree can grow on poor rocky soils but needs humidity and warmth. Often a first choice for decoration of coastal cities because it stands salt very well and produces a beautiful deep rose blooming in early springtime. It can grow as a shrub.

Adult 11 m

XfrogPlants

MEDITERRANEAN

XfrogPlants

Young 2m

Medium 4m

20. French Tamarisk ( Tamarix gallica )

XfrogPlants | Prehistoric

XfrogPlants PREHISTORIC Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:

(with Alpha) (with Alpha)

www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support

XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation

Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler

Jan Heuschele : Modeler

Tany Heider : Rendering

Karin Rudokas : Research and Development

Peter Fantke : Research and Development

Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development

Oliver Deussen : Research and Development

Stewart McSherry : Product Manager

PREHISTORIC

Notes about this Prehistoric Library We have decided to include in this Prehistoric library many of the most important species of ground vegetation which populated the Earth from the start of the Devonian period of the Paleo-zoic era (410 millions of years ago) until the very end of Mesozoic era (Cretaceous period, ended 65 millions of years ago). The reasons why we limited the library to this range is because the ground vegetation before the Devonian was, visually speaking, not much significant, while in the Cenozoic (from 65 millions of years ago to today) it was so much similar to todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s species that it did not make much sense to replicate them here, since they are available in all the other XfrogPlants libraries. A similar criterion has guided us in choosing the 20 representatives for this library. We have cho-sen to not include those species (like Ginkgo and the Giant Sequoia, for instance) that, although already existent and widely diffused in the Mesozoic, are already present in the XfrogPlants li-braries, and are available through them. We always gave priority to those extinct species that were not yet available. Of course, the ground vegetation of over 300 millions of years can not be resumed in just 20 species. But you can fill your prehistoric scenes with those species present in the other Xfrog-Plants libraries that were already existing in prehistoric times. To make your selection easier, we have included in this document a table which lists the most significant species of the other Xfrog-Plants libraries that you can use in your prehistoric renders, while still being scientifically correct. Please take a look at it, at the end of this document. To make the consultation of the Prehistoric library cards the most immediate possible, we have colour-coded the periods and marked the single cards accordingly. And knowing that many of you will want to make dinosaur pictures, we have even added a tiny dinosaur icon next to those species who lived in the so-called â&#x20AC;&#x153;dinosaur ageâ&#x20AC;? (late Triassic to Cretaceous) We also have provided a quick reference table, colourcoded, with all the basic weather, floral and faunal information you need to start creating your prehistoric 3D landscapes. Thank you for purchasing the XfrogPlants Prehistoric library!

XfrogPlants

Quick guide to Prehistoric periods*

PREHISTORIC

*note: this guide only includes the periods covered by this Prehistoric library. Also, by “flora” and “fauna” we mostly refer to ground flora and ground fauna only.

Era

Period

(millions of years)

DEVONIAN (417-354)

PALEOZOIC

MESOZOIC

Short Description CLIMATE: generally warm. FLORA: the vegetation starts to conquer the ground next to the water courses. Among the many primitive forms, there is already what can be considered as the first real tree on Earth: Archaeopteris. In the inner lands, huge deserts dominate. FAUNA: no real ground fauna yet, except perhaps for a few early amphibians (this hypothesis is still disputed). Lots of fish in the sea.

CARBONIFEROUS (354-290)

CLIMATE: warm and very humid in the first half; drier and colder in the second half, with stronger seasonal alternation and a long glaciation in the end, which continues through early Permian. FLORA: the most lusciously green of all periods in Earth history. Huge lycopods and equisetites, earliest conifers, and the now disappeared “seed ferns” dominating the scene. Oxygen in air reaches 35% (thus big fires everywhere). FAUNA: amphibians, big insects, and some early ancient reptiles and synapsids (pre-mammalians).

PERMIAN (290-248)

CLIMATE: more arid as inner seas evaporate, creating large deserts. Big differences between coasts and inner lands. Temperatures progressively warming up. FLORA: the arid conditions limit the lycopods and equisetites in favour of ferns, conifers, and the earliest gingkos and cycadeoids. FAUNA: Permian sees the “boom” of ground fauna. Pelycosauria (synapsides) such as Dimetrodon dominate the first half and from them both mammals and today’s modern reptiles later evolved. In the second half of Permian, cynodonts (also pre-mammals) become dominant, but the ancient reptiles survive.

TRIASSIC (248-206)

CLIMATE: warm and arid in the inner lands, mild and humid near the ocean. FLORA: luscious forests alternated with savannahs and large arid deserts, very much like today’s Africa. Bennettitales and Araucariaceae appear. FAUNA: the big Permian extinction interrupts the dominance of pre-mammals as the climate is getting more and more favourable to reptiles. It is during the Triassic that the first dinosaurs appear, evolved from the ancient reptiles. Therapsides (early pre-mammals) resist for a while, then disappear. The first, small mammals appear.

JURASSIC (206-142)

CRETACEOUS (142-65)

CLIMATE: after a short initial cool dry interval, very warm and humid, “greenhouse-like” conditions become consistent for all period. No ice on poles. FLORA: the humid climate stops the expansion of the Permian-Triassic deserts and almost everywhere in the Jurassic we have thick luscious forests of conifers, ginkgos, cycadeoids, bennettitales and tree ferns, with some sporadic arid areas and transitional savannahs. FAUNA: the Triassic extinction opens the way to the long-term dominance of di-nosaurs. Cynodonts (the last pre-mammals to give up) resist a while, then disap-pear. Only the smallest mammals survive, hiding themselves in the dark of the nights. CLIMATE: although still warm, the climate becomes drier and somewhere even arid. In the second half of the period, temperatures cool down considerably and the weather becomes more seasonal. FLORA: the ancient ferns finally disappear, leaving room to the modern time ferns. Due to the dryer conditions, the Jurassic forests open up again, making room for more savannahs and deserts. In the second half, the cooler temperatures allow the first appearance of the flowering plants and of several of today’s trees as well. FAUNA: Cretaceous is still the age of dinosaurs, but although dominant, they start to show signs of decadence even before the Cretaceous mass extinction hits them.

XfrogPlants

01.

Alethopteris

PREHISTORIC

( Alethopteris serli )

XfrogPlants

uuuuuu

Seed Fern Period : Late Carboniferous to Early Permian Environment : Swampy areas, humid places Climate : Temperate, cool Notes : Alethopteris was the main genus of the famous “seed ferns” which populated the Carboniferous period. It could grow like a shrub or a small tree. The seed ferns featured distinctive fronds whose parts looked more like some of today’s broadleaf leaflets than they look like today’s ferns’ fronds. But mostly, it’s the seed “cones” they used to bear which make them look unique compared to today’s ferns. All seed ferns are long-time extinct.

Adult 6m

PREHISTORIC

XfrogPlants

Medium 3.5 m Young 1m

01. Alethopteris ( Alethopteris serli )

02.

Araucaria

PREHISTORIC

( Araucaria sp. )

XfrogPlants

uuuuuu

Tree, evergreen conifer Period : Triassic to present day Environment : Hill forests and mountain tops Climate : Warm, temperate Notes : Araucariaceae is a very successful early conifer order who appeared on Earth in the Triassic period and lasted until today with several living species (amongst which the most famous is the so-called “Monkey puzzle tree”). The extinct spe-cies were more monumental than today’s survivors, as they were able to grow up to 40 meters high! The look of extinct species is also believed to have been different, more similar to today’s redwoods (especially in the old age).

Adult 40 m

PREHISTORIC

Medium 10 m

Young 4m

02. Araucaria ( Araucaria sp. )

XfrogPlants

03.

Archaeopteris

PREHISTORIC

( Archaeopteris sp. )

XfrogPlants

uuuuuu

Arboreal fern Period : Devonian Environment : Coastal regions, river borders, floodplains Climate : Warm Notes :

Archaeopteris is one of Earth’s earliest trees, if not the earliest. Like all Devonian vegetation, it used to grow close to waters. Diffused in both Laurasia and Gondwana, it reproduced itself through spores. A real revolutionary species , it broke many “rules” of the time, such as vertical-only growth (he could grew lateral) and shallow roots (it’s roots were deeper than 1 mt.). It was the ancestor of many species of the following periods and the first “modern” tree.

Adult 30 m

PREHISTORIC

Medium 12 m

03. Archaeopteris ( Archaeopteris sp. )

Young 6m

XfrogPlants

04.

Asterophyllites

( Asterophyllites equisetiformis )

PREHISTORIC

XfrogPlants

uuuuuu

Plant Period : Carboniferous Environment : Coastal regions, river borders, floodplains Climate : Warm and humid Notes :

Asterophyillites is one of the many plants of the Carboniferous that used to grow up to gigantic proportions: as big as an average tree. The main stem was made of a material similar to bamboo. It was closely related to the Calamites (the tree-sized “horsetails” of the times), hence it’s “equisetiformis” name. Asterophyllites did not survive the Carboniferous, while the Equisetites could make it until today (although at the price of a significant reduction in size).

Adult 20 m

PREHISTORIC

Medium 11 m

Young 5m

04. Asterophyllites ( Asterophyllites equisetiformis )

XfrogPlants

05.

Asteroxylon

PREHISTORIC

( Asteroxylon mackiei )

XfrogPlants

uuuuuu

Plant Period : Devonian to Early Carboniferous Environment : Swampy areas, river borders Climate : Warm and humid Notes :

Asteroxylon was one of the earliest lycopods and one of the Rhynie plants, an order that was dominant in the Devonian period. Unlike the other Rhynie plants, thought, Asteroxylon could probably survive in temporarily dry environment. The vertical stems raised from a long horizontal stem which was connected with the roots. The leaves looked like scales tightly pressed on the stem. For scientific reasons, this plant is today regarded as the ancestor of todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s clubmosses.

Adult 4m

PREHISTORIC

Young 1m

Medium 2m

05. Asteroxylon ( Asteroxylon mackiei )

XfrogPlants

06.

Bjuvia

PREHISTORIC

( Bjuvia simplex )

XfrogPlants

uuuuuu

Cycadale Period : Permian to Triassic Environment : Open and sunny planes Climate : Warm and dry Notes : Bjuvia simplex is a cycadale with a simple leaf pattern that resembles that of Taeniopteris, an archaic tree fern. After the Carboniferous glaciation, with the Permian arid climate, Bjuvia and all archaic cycadales could find more room to live as the plants of humid environments had to give up more and more space. Finally in the late Triassic Bjuvia and other archaic cycadales had to disappear in favour of more complex cycadeoids such as Bennettitales.

Adult 8m

PREHISTORIC

Medium 5m

Young 3m

06. Bjuvia ( Bjuvia simplex )

XfrogPlants

07.

Calamites

PREHISTORIC

( Calamites sp. Equisetites ssp. )

XfrogPlants

uuuuuu

Plant Period : Devonian to present day Environment : Coastal regions, river borders, swamps, floodplains Climate : Warm Notes :

Equisetites are the most enduring ground vegetation that ever existed. During Carboniferous, some of them became tall and large like trees: the Calamites. Calamites faced hard times in the Permian, but they managed to resist in Gondwana where they evolved into the giant Neocalamites. With the advent of Jurassic flora Neocalamites disappeared, but smaller equisetites survived. Today only the smallest survive, the so-called â&#x20AC;&#x153;horsetailsâ&#x20AC;?. Equisetites were a vital food source for dinosaurs, because even when eaten they could keep growing from the underground.

Adult 8m

PREHISTORIC

Medium 5m

Young 2m

07. Calamites ( Calamites sp. Equisetites ssp. )

XfrogPlants

08.

Cordaites

PREHISTORIC

( Cordaites angulostriatus )

XfrogPlants

uuuuuu

Arboreal plant Period : Carboniferous to Permian Environment : Swamps and floodplains, or mountain tops Climate : Warm and humid Notes :

Cordaites are considered the ancestors of conifers. They were plants with an arboreal shape. They could grow very high. It was disputed for a long time if they were swamp plants or not. It is accepted today that some used to grow as mountain trees, while other grew in swamps, and for that reason developed a system of aerial roots not unlike from those of other living species (such as Bald Cypress or Mangroviae). We offer the choice of both roots, normal and aerial.

Adult 45 m

PREHISTORIC

Medium 12 m

Young 8m

08. Cordaites ( Cordaites angulostriatus )

XfrogPlants

09.

Cycadeoidea Gigantea

PREHISTORIC

( Cycadeoidea gigantea )

XfrogPlants

uuuuuu

Cycadeoidea Period : Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Environment : Diffused (forests, open plains) Climate : Warm and humid Notes :

Cycadales, but mostly Cycadeoideae (like Bennettitales) were so abundant during the Jurassic period that Jurassic is often called the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Cycads ageâ&#x20AC;?. Some of these plants could grow as tall as trees. Both Cycadales and Cycadeoideae are the result of the evolution of Pteridosperms, from which they started to differentiate since Triassic. Their fate was different: Cycadales, less numerous at the time, could survive Mesoizoic and arrive to present day, while Cycadeoideae, by far more numerous in the Mesozoic, could not survive the Cretaceous mass extinction and died together with the dinosaurs.

Adult 2.5 m

PREHISTORIC

Medium 1.5 m Young 1m

09. Cycadeoidea Gigantea ( Cycadeoidea gigantea )

XfrogPlants

10.

Dicroidium

PREHISTORIC

( Dicroidium sp. )

XfrogPlants

uuuuuu

Seed Plant Period : Triassic to Early Jurassic Environment : Tropical forests of tree ferns Climate : Warm Notes :

Dicroidium was one of the main components of the Gondwana flora during Triassic. It was a Pteridosperm, one of those plants commonly known as seed ferns (although it was not a fern). It used to be diffused all over the globe until the terrible Triassic extinction wiped it off completely from the Northern Hemisphere. It survived in Gondwana, but finally lost the height competition to the Jurassic trees. Today, the Dicroidium genus still exists, but only as a small plant, which can be found in Australia.

Adult 4m

PREHISTORIC

Medium 2m

10. Dicroidium ( Dicroidium sp. )

Young 1.5 m

XfrogPlants

11.

Glossopteris

( Glossopteris sp. )

PREHISTORIC

XfrogPlants

uuuuuu

Seed Plant Period : Permian to Triassic Environment : Humid plains Climate : Warm and humid Notes :

Glossopteris is the most important of those Pteridosperms (seed plants) who dominated the Permian period. Over 70 fossil species of the Glossopteridales genus alone have been found so far! The reproductive system of Glossopteris was located on the leaves (some leaves were dedicated to the reproduction task). Also unusual are the roots, with their regular partitions that looked like animal vertebrae. Glossopteridales decreased in number after Permian, to be completely extinct at the end of Triassic.

Adult 10 m

PREHISTORIC

Medium 6m Young 4m

11. Glossopteris ( Glossopteris sp. )

XfrogPlants

12.

Lepidodendron

PREHISTORIC

( Lepidodendron aculeatum )

XfrogPlants

uuuuuu

Arboreal plant Period : Carboniferous to early Permian Environment : Swamps and floodplain forests Climate : Warm and humid Notes :

Lepidodendron was a giant (45 mts.) arborescent lycopod that formed (with Sigillaria and Calamites) the huge forests of the Carboniferous, which are, as fossil carbon, one of today’s main energy sources. The roots (stigmaria) of Lepidodendron, like those of Sigillaria, were “Y” shaped. The simple branches only grew in the upper part of the trunk. It is still disputed if it had cones or not: they have been found near, but never attached to the tree. We provide the choice of cones on all models. The whole trunk of Lepidodendron carries unmistakable diamond-shaped scars of fallen leaves.

Adult 45 m

PREHISTORIC

Medium 12 m

Young 8m

12. Lepidodendron ( Lepidodendron aculeatum )

XfrogPlants

13.

Macrotaeniopteris

PREHISTORIC

( Macrotaeniopteris magnifolia )

XfrogPlants

uuuuuu

Cycadale Period : Triassic Environment : Swamps, river borders Climate : Warm and humid Notes :

Macrotaeniopteridae was a genus of Triassic flora which belonged to the Cycadales. The magnifolia species consisted in a single, giant leaf growing on small trunks, often underwater. The cone-like inflorescence was apparently a series of seeds tightly pressed on a small stem growing at the base of the plant: the reproductive structure as a whole resembled tiny loose cones. Macrotaeniopteris grew together with other swamp vegetation of the time.

Adult 3m

PREHISTORIC

Medium 2m Young 1m

13. Macrotaeniopteris ( Macrotaeniopteris magnifolia )

XfrogPlants

14.

Nipa

PREHISTORIC

( Nipa burtinii )

XfrogPlants

uuuuuu

Palm Period : Late Cretaceous to present day Environment : Swamps, river borders, humid areas Climate : Warm and humid Notes :

Nipa is a genus of palms of which some species still exist today. They are trunk-less palms (or, when there is a trunk, it is tiny). The leaves of Nipa burtinii were big and long, with spiky leaflets. This species grew next to each other to form dense and intricate vegetation barriers along the rivers and swamps, and in all humid areas. A particular characteristic of Nipa burtinii were the big nuts (much similar to those of Coconut palm) which hung from a fruit stem growing at the base of the main stem.

Adult 2m

PREHISTORIC

Medium 1.5 m

Young 1m

14. Nipa ( Nipa burtinii )

XfrogPlants

15.

Onychiopsis

PREHISTORIC

( Onychiopsis sp. )

XfrogPlants

uuuuuu

Fern Period : Cretaceous Environment : Forests edges, lake and river borders, humid plains Climate : Warm and humid Notes :

Onychiopsis was a Cretaceous fern with fine feathery fronds. It was an important part of the groundcover of Cretaceous period. It grew in association with other ferns, cycadales, and cycadeoideae to cover large regions of ground land at the edges of the forests of conifers, ginkgos, and (in the late period) of the earliest flowering broadleaves.

Adult 1m

PREHISTORIC

Medium 0.6 m

Young 0.4 m

15. Onychiopsis ( Onychiopsis sp. )

XfrogPlants

16.

Pachypteris

PREHISTORIC

( Pachypteris sp. )

XfrogPlants

uuuuuu

Arboreal Plant Period : Triassic to Cretaceous Environment : Humid places, stagnating waters, sea coasts, salt ponds Climate : Warm and humid Notes :

Pachypteris covered all the Mesozoic era from Triassic to Cretaceous, but reached itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s peak in the Jurassic, when it was one of the most important components of ground flora. It was a low-growing plant with a woody trunk, whose leaves were covered with a think external layer of a substance similar to wax. It was certainly featured as a prominent groundcover species in all humid areas. It was salt-resistant and therefore it could grow next to sea coasts, and even directly in salt-ponds as well. Pachypteris was one of the last Pteridosperms to disappear with the Cretaceous mass extinction.

Adult 3m

PREHISTORIC

Medium 2m

Young 1m

16. Pachypteris ( Pachypteris sp. )

XfrogPlants

17.

Sigillaria

PREHISTORIC

( Sigillaria scutellata )

XfrogPlants

uuuuuu

Arboreal Plant Period : Carboniferous to early Permian Environment : swamps and floodplain forests Climate : warm and humid Notes :

The “twin” of Lepidodendron, Sigillaria (with it’s several species) shared with it the domination over the huge humid Carboniferous forests. Like Lepidodendron, Sigillaria has the so-called “stigmaria” Y-shaped roots, and a trunk marked by the scars of fallen leaves, which, in the case of Sigillaria, look like round marks left by a seal (hence the “Sigillaria” name). The most distinctive feature of Sigillaria was the trunk, which was also Y-shaped and ended with two thick bunches of leaves that, in adult individuals, could in turn split and become four. The fruits were hanging cones.

Adult 35 m

PREHISTORIC

Medium 18 m

Young 12 m

17. Sigillaria ( Sigillaria scutellata )

XfrogPlants

18.

Tempskya

PREHISTORIC

( Tempskya sp. )

XfrogPlants

uuuuuu

Tree Fern Period : Cretaceous Environment : humid plains and valleys, tropical forests Climate : warm and humid Notes :

Tempskya was a tree fern diffused in the Cretaceous period. It’s large trunk was in fact the optical result of many fern stems growing tightly pressed one to each other. Tree ferns were much diffused over the Mesozoic era and some of them survived today, evolved into more modern species, which can still be found in some tropical regions of today’s Earth but don’t always look like their ancestors. With it’s distinctive and unusual (for us) appearance, Tempskya must have been a landmark of Cretaceous landscape, and it’s fronds a good source of food for vegetarian dinosaurs.

Adult 15 m

PREHISTORIC

Medium 9m

Young 5m

18. Tempskya ( Tempskya sp. )

XfrogPlants

19.

Williamsonia

PREHISTORIC

( Williamsonia gigas )

XfrogPlants

uuuuuu

Bennettitale Period : Jurassic to Cretaceous Environment : Tropical forests, open plains, in association with tree ferns Climate : Warm and humid Notes :

Wiliamsoniae are the biggest of the Bennettitales order which some thinks (but it’s still disputed) that could be part of the big family of Cycadeoideae, which dominated the flora of Jurassic and Cretaceous. Williamsonia gigas was in turn the biggest of all Williamsoniae and could grow as tall as a small tree. It’s most distinctive features are the big “flowers”, which were really a group of seeds surrounded by a crown of bracteae. However they must have looked remarkable in a flowerless landscape such as that of Jurassic. Williamsonia was a largely diffused plant throughout the Jurassic but was present (although less numerous) in the Cretaceous as well.

Adult 5m

PREHISTORIC

Medium 3m

Young 2m

19. Williamsonia ( Williamsonia gigas )

XfrogPlants

20.

Wollemia Pine

PREHISTORIC

( Wollemia nobilis )

XfrogPlants

uuuuuu

Tree, evergreen conifer Period : Jurassic to present day Environment : Conifer forests Climate : Warm Notes :

The Wollemi Pine belongs to the Araucariaceae family and is therefore not a real pine, but a relative of the Monkey Puzzle tree. Wollemis are species who first appeared in the Jurassic and were believed extinct, until in 1994 David Noble, a Wildlife Officer, found some in a groove in a sheltered place in the Wollemi Park (Australia). The most remarkable aspect of this tree is the bark, which looks like a conglomerate of little balls, often covered with resin. The Wollemi pine was a diffused inhabitant of the conifer forests that offered shelter and food to many vegetarian dinosaurs of the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.

Adult 40 m

PREHISTORIC

Medium 20 m

Young 2m

20. Wollemia Pine ( Wollemia nobilis )

XfrogPlants

PREHISTORIC How to fill your prehistoric landscapes using the other XfrogPlants libraries: Here is a list of some of today’s tree species that existed in the prehistoric times and are already featured in the XfrogPlants libraries. Use them to fill the landscapes created with this Prehistoric library. For each species, information about which available XfrogPlants library contains the models is provided, and colour-coded information is provided on which period they can be placed into in order to be scientifically correct (you can find the colour code reference in the last pages of this document). Note: when a specific species was not present, but the genus was (like the spruces for instance), you’ll find the generic indication “sp” next to the Latin name. This means that although the specific species was not there, the genus was, and therefore you can use the modern species as acceptable substitutes, especially if seen from a distance.

Species

Period

XfrogPlants Libraries

GINKGO (Ginkgo Biloba)

Since late Permian uuuu

Japanese Autumn Colors

SOUTHERN MAGNOLIA (Magnolia grandiflora)

Since late Cretaceous u

Basic Blossoming USA East

GIANT SEQUOIA (Sequoiadendron giganteum)

Since Jurassic uu

USA West

BALD CYPRESS (Taxodium distichum)

Since Jurassic uu

Autumn Colors USA East

SAGO PALM (Cycas revoluta)

Since Jurassic uu

HousePlants

MYRTLE (Myrtus communis)

Since late Cretaceous u

Mediterranean

OLEANDER (Nerium oleander)

Since late Cretaceous u

Mediterranean Blossoming

LAUREL (Laurus nobilis)

Since late Cretaceous u

Mediterranean

FICUS TREES (Ficus sp.)

Since late Cretaceous u

Fruit

BAMBOOS (Phyllostachys sp.)

Since late Cretaceous u

Japanese

PLANE TREES (Platanus sp.)

Since late Cretaceous u

Basic Autumn Colors Europe 1 USA East

POPLARS (Populus sp.)

Since late Cretaceous u

Europe 1 USA East

XfrogPlants

PREHISTORIC Species

Period

XfrogPlants Libraries

SPRUCES (Picea sp.)

Since late Cretaceous u

Basic Europe 2 USA West USA Conifers Japanese

WILLOWS (Salix sp.)

Since late Cretaceous u

Basic Europe 1

ASHES (Fraxinus sp.)

Since late Cretaceous u

US East Europe 2 Mediterranean

OAKS (Quercus sp.)

Since late Cretaceous u

Autumn Colours US East US West Europe 1 Europe 2 Mediterranean

SASSAFRAS (Sassafras albidum)

Since late Cretaceous u

Basic USA East

TULIP TREE (Liriodendron tulipifera)

Since late Cretaceous u

Autumn Colours USA East

JUNIPERS (Juniperus sp.)

Since Jurassic uu

USA East USA West USA Conifers Europe 2 Mediterranean Japanese

TAMARISK (Tamarix gallica)

Since late Cretaceous u

Mediterranean

OLIVE TREE (Olea europaea)

Since late Cretaceous u

Mediterranean

BRISTLECONE PINE (Pinus aristata)

Since late Cretaceous u

USA West

CYPRESSES (Cupressus sp.)

Since Jurassic uu

USA West Europe 2 Mediterranean

ATLAS CEDAR (Cedrus atlantica)

Since late Cretaceous u

Mediterranean

LEBANON CEDAR (Cedrus atlantica)

Since late Cretaceous u

Mediterranean

CUPRESSACEAE (Chamaecyparis sp.)

Since Jurassic uu

Basic

TAXACEAE (Taxus sp.)

Since Jurassic uu

Basic Europe 1 US West

XfrogPlants

XfrogPlants | Red Sea

XfrogPlants RED SEA Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:

(with Alpha) (with Alpha)

www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support

Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures are copyright: © 2001 - 2043 Xfrog Inc Contact: Email: Support3@xfrog.com Visit http://xfrog.com/company/contact for phone and address All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business.

XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation

Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler

Jan Heuschele : Modeler

Tany Heider : Rendering

Karin Rudokas : Research and Development

Peter Fantke : Research and Development

Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development

Oliver Deussen : Research and Development

Stewart McSherry : Product Manager

01.

Red Sea Fan

RED SEA

( Acabaria biserialis )

Clade : Cnidaria Depth : Deeper than -10 m Distribution : Red Sea Environment : Coral reef slopes Climate : Warm waters Notes :

The Red Sea Fan lives wirthin protected outer reefs starting from a depth of 10 m. This coral can grow around 1cm. per month, and like Annella mollis it orientates itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s fan transverse to the current. The branches consist of chalky parts connected by a horn-like material.

Model 3 90 cm

XfrogPlants

RED SEA

Model 2 90 cm

01. Red Sea Fan ( Acabaria biserialis )

Model 1 50 cm

XfrogPlants

02.

Crown Of Thorns Starfish

RED SEA

( Acanthaster planci )

Clade : Echinodermata Depth : -0.5 to -30 m Distribution : Red Sea to Central America Environment : Coral reef Climate : Warm waters Notes :

The Crown Of Thorns belongs (like sea urchins, brittle stars and other classes) to the clade of Echinodermata. The colour is very variable and can range from red over magenta to olive. Likewise variable is the number of arms (10-23). Coral polyps are the prefered nutrition, which already led to a wide destruction of coral reefs, in case of an outbreak. One should avoid the contact with the pricks, as painful injuries can develop in combination with a separately secreted poisonous mucus.

Model 3 9 cm

XfrogPlants

RED SEA

Model 2 8 cm

Model 1 8 cm

02. Crown Of Thorns Starfish ( Acanthaster planci )

XfrogPlants

03.

Low Acropora

RED SEA

( Acropora hemprichi )

Clade : Cnidaria Depth : -2 to -30 m Distribution : Red Sea to Sri Lanka Environment : Exposed reef slopes Climate : Warm waters Notes :

This Acropora species settles on exposed reef roofs and the upper section of the reef slopes. Acropora of the Red Sea in general are usually strongly colored, particularly at the axial polyps of the branch tips. They nourish themselves like many other stone coral of the photosynthesis products of the stored zooxanthells, but also of planctonic organisms.

Model 1 30 cm

XfrogPlants

RED SEA

Model 2 36 cm

Model 3 25 cm

03. Low Acropora ( Acropora hemprichi )

XfrogPlants

04.

Giant Sea Fan

RED SEA

( Annella mollis )

Clade : Cnidaria Depth : -10 to -50 m Distribution : Red Sea and West Pacific Environment : Exposed reef slopes Climate : Warm waters Notes :

The Giant Sea Fan belongs to the class of the flower animals (Anthozoa) and always place their up to 2 meters large fans transverse to the sea current. Thus it can fish its food, small plancton, better out of water. This coral species is usually found in depths of down to 50 m. in the external reefs.

Model 3 1.6 m

XfrogPlants

RED SEA

Model 2 1.7 m Model 1 1.7 m

04. Giant Sea Fan ( Annella mollis )

XfrogPlants

05.

Naked Basket Star

RED SEA

( Astroba nuda )

Clade : Echinodermata Depth : -1 to -20 m Distribution : Red Sea to New Caledonia Environment : Exposed reef formations, in strong currents Climate : Warm waters Notes :

As representative species of the Brittle Stars class, the Naked Basket Star is part of the Echinodermata phylum, which also encompasses other sea urchins. The strongly ramified branches are very flexible by their small branch vertebrae. During the day Astroba nuda hides itself in columns and chinks within the reef, while they spread around their arms at night to catch food at exposed places.

Model 1 1m

XfrogPlants

RED SEA

Model 2 1m

Model 3 1.1 m

05. Naked Basket Star ( Astroba nuda )

XfrogPlants

06.

Grape Caulerpa

RED SEA

( Caulerpa racemosa )

Clade : Chlorophyta (green algae) Depth : 0 to â&#x20AC;&#x201C;35 m Distribution : Tropical Environment : All kind of habitats, form tidal pools to reef slopes Climate : Warm waters Notes :

This edible alga inhabits a large number of different habitats within the reef, from tidal pools to the reef slopes of outer reefs. The alga spreads by tiller and forms dense populations, which can be found in almost all tropical areas.

Model 3 6 cm

XfrogPlants

RED SEA

Model 2 9 cm

Model 1 7 cm

06. Grape Caulerpa ( Caulerpa racemosa )

XfrogPlants

07.

Feather Caulerpa

RED SEA

( Caulerpa sertularoides )

Clade : Chlorophyta (green algae) Depth : 0 to â&#x20AC;&#x201C;10 m. Distribution : Tropical Environment : All kind of habitats, form tidal pools to reef slopes Climate : Warm waters Notes :

It lives on both sand and hard ground in tidal pools. This kind is related to Caulerpa taxifolia, which became a problem in the Mediterranean area, thus they overgrow almost all habitats.

Model 3 20 cm

XfrogPlants

RED SEA

Model 2 30 cm

Model 1 35 cm

07. Feather Caulerpa ( Caulerpa sertularoides )

XfrogPlants

08.

Tube Anemone

RED SEA

( Cerianthus sp. )

Clade : Cnidaria Depth : -1 to â&#x20AC;&#x201C;40 m. Distribution : Red Sea to Polynesia Environment : Sandy or muddy ground Climate : Warm waters Notes :

Cerianthus belongs to the class of the flower animals. With their up to 10cm through-measuring living tubes they live on sand- and mud grounds up to depths of 40m. The long and very numerously existing tentacles serves the catch of small invertebrates like small crustaceans. The body is usually slightly transparency.

Model 3 10 cm

XfrogPlants

RED SEA

Model 2 10 cm

Model 1 11 cm

08. Tube Anemone ( Cerianthus sp. )

XfrogPlants

09.

Carnation Coral

RED SEA

( Dendronephthya sp. )

Clade : Cnidaria Depth : -2 to â&#x20AC;&#x201C;50 m. Distribution : Red Sea and West Pacific Environment : Sandy or muddy ground Climate : Warm waters Notes :

The carnation coral is part of the Soft corals. These do not possess a stable interior skeleton but attain their stability by hydrostatic pressure inside the body and by incorporated sclerits. These can often be remarkably colored. Carnation corals are known as pioneer settlers and inhabits from flat lagoons to deep reefs a wide variety of different habitats.

Model 3 60 cm

XfrogPlants

RED SEA

Model 2 60 cm

09. Carnation Coral ( Dendronephthya sp. )

Model 1 50 cm

XfrogPlants

10.

RED SEA ( Diadema setosum )

Clade : Echinodermata Depth : -0.5 to â&#x20AC;&#x201C;25 m. Distribution : Red Sea to Polynesia Environment : Reef roofs, protected reef slopes Climate : Warm waters Notes :

The Long-Spined Sea Urchin inhabits like Echinometra mathaei reef roofs and protected reef slopes. You should stay away from the long pricks as they are very poisonous and cause painful wounds.

Model 1 30 cm

XfrogPlants

RED SEA

Model 2 60 cm

10. Long-Spined Sea Urchin ( Diadema setosum )

Model 3 60 cm

XfrogPlants

11.

Mathaeus Sea Urchin

RED SEA

( Echinometra mathaei )

Clade : Echinodermata Depth : 0 to â&#x20AC;&#x201C;8 m. Distribution : Red Sea to Polynesia Environment : Reef roofs, protected reef slopes Climate : Warm waters Notes :

Mathaeus Sea Urchin is a frequent inhabitant of the reef. He is to be found on the reef roof and at the upper reef slopes. During the day they hide themselves in holes (scraped by their own) in the coral rocks, before they come out at night to food search. The contrast between the reddish-brown pricks and the white basal ring is salient.

Model 1 10 cm

XfrogPlants

RED SEA

Model 2 5 cm

Model 3 10 cm

11. Mathaeus Sea Urchin ( Echinometra mathaei )

XfrogPlants

12.

Groved Mosaic Coral

RED SEA

( Favia favus )

Clade : Cnidaria Depth : Varied Distribution : Red Sea to Polynesia Environment : Reef roofs, protected reef slopes Climate : Warm waters Notes :

This stone coral large and from each other separated cups and develops solid colonies. The color spectrum ranges from green to brown. At night the polyps are opened to catch food. You will find this species on reef roofs and at protected slopes.

Model 3 70 cm

XfrogPlants

RED SEA

Model 2 80 cm

Model 1 80 cm

12. Groved Mosaic Coral ( Favia favus )

XfrogPlants

13.

Curved Mushroom Coral

RED SEA

( Fungia scruposa )

Clade : Cnidaria Depth : -0.3 to â&#x20AC;&#x201C;25 m. Distribution : Red Sea to Polynesia Environment : Reef roofs, reef slopes, lagoons Climate : Warm waters Notes :

This kind of coral belongs to the clade of family of mushroom corals, with its vagile colonies. It settles usually on rubble or on dead corals within the entire ecological range of the coral reef. The roundish or oval disks can reach a diameter up to 24cm.

Model 1 16 cm

XfrogPlants

RED SEA

Model 2 16 cm

Model 3 5 cm

13. Curved Mushroom Coral ( Fungia scruposa )

XfrogPlants

14.

Honeycomb Coral

RED SEA

( Goniastrea edwardsi )

Clade : Cnidaria Depth : Varied Distribution : Red Sea to Samoa Environment : Shallow slopes Climate : Warm waters Notes :

This stone coral can occur either in single separated colonies or in a columnar variant. The colouring covers a spectrum from pink to pale colors. It has a relatively high need for light and it is nourished by the photosynthesis of the incorporated zooxanthells and by catched plankton.

Model 1 50 cm

XfrogPlants

RED SEA

Model 2 80 cm

14. Honeycomb Coral ( Goniastrea edwardsi )

Model 3 80 cm

XfrogPlants

15.

Halimeda

RED SEA

( Halimeda sp. )

Clade : Chlorophyta (green algae) Depth : 0 to –50 m. Distribution : Tropical Environment : Between sea weed, on hard ground of reef slopes, on boulders Climate : Warm waters Notes :

The Halimeda algae settles usually on hard grounds and form by their individual chains close networks. The individual “leaves” of a chain consists to the majority of a chalky skeleton, that is visible if the algae dies.

Model 3 20 cm

XfrogPlants

RED SEA

Model 2 18 cm

Model 1 15 cm

15. Halimeda ( Halimeda sp. )

XfrogPlants

16.

Magnificent Anemone

RED SEA

( Heteractis magnifica )

Clade : Cnidaria Depth : -1 to â&#x20AC;&#x201C;30 m. Distribution : Red Sea to Polynesia and South Africa Environment : deep lagoons, exposed coral reefs Climate : warm waters Notes :

The Magnificient Anemone can be found is in many different color morphs, from brown over yellow to violet. It settles mainly in deep lagoons and exposed outer reefs. When disturbed it forms a compact sphere, and stores their tentacles inside. The anemone is a host for the clown anemonefish (NEMO!), as well as for shrimps and porcelain crabs.

Model 1 15 cm

XfrogPlants

RED SEA

Model 2 20 cm

Model 4 35 cm

Model 3 15 cm

16. Magnificent Anemone ( Heteractis magnifica )

XfrogPlants

17.

Birds Nest Coral

RED SEA

( Seriatopora hystrix )

Clade : Cnidaria Depth : -0.3 to â&#x20AC;&#x201C;30 m. Distribution : Red Sea to Polynesia Environment : Tidal zones of protected reefs, protected reef slopes, lagoons Climate : Warm waters Notes :

The Birds Nest Coral belongs to the Stone corals, which are the predominant reef constructing animals. It settles particularly in the tidal zone of protected reef roofs and lagoons. The colouring can reach bright beige of up to pink. It is a thin branched colony where polyps are often arranged in rows. There are to find however also forms with completely unordered polyp arrangement.

Model 3 33 cm

XfrogPlants

RED SEA

Model 2 35 cm

Model 1 25 cm

17. Birds Nest Coral ( Seriatopora hystrix )

XfrogPlants

18.

Colony Siphon Sponge

RED SEA

( Siphonochalina siphonella )

Clade : Porifera (sponges) Depth : -2 to â&#x20AC;&#x201C;35 m. Distribution : Red Sea Environment : protected reef slopes, lagoons Climate : warm waters Notes :

The Colony Siphon Sponge belongs to the clade of sponges (porifera) which already for 500 million years exist on earth. These sessile (caked-on) animals are riddled with a duct system, which makes the closely related Euspongia to be used as a bath sponge. The animals can circulate up to twentyfold of the own body weight of water on one day and have thereby an important function as water filters in the ecological system of the reef.

Model 1 90 cm

XfrogPlants

RED SEA

Model 2 70 cm

18. Colony Siphon Sponge ( Siphonochalina siphonella )

Model 3 80 cm

XfrogPlants

19.

Yellow Scroll Coral

RED SEA

( Turbinaria reniformis )

Clade : Cnidaria Depth : Varied Distribution : Red Sea to Polynesia Environment : Reef slopes, in moderate currents Climate : Warm waters Notes :

The colonies are massive, columnar, laminar or foliae frequently contorted. The yellowish green colonies settle on little exposed slopes with moderate current. As a result of their robustness, they can be kept in aquaria without too much problems.

Model 3 70 cm

XfrogPlants

RED SEA

Model 2 50 cm

Model 1 45 cm

19. Yellow Scroll Coral ( Turbinaria reniformis )

XfrogPlants

20.

Pulsing Xenia

RED SEA

( Xenia umbellata )

Clade : Cnidaria Depth : -3 to â&#x20AC;&#x201C;15 m. Distribution : Red Sea to West Pacific Environment : Lagoons and bays, protected slopes, on hard ground Climate : Warm waters Notes :

The pumping Xenia lives in flow kinds parts reef up to a depth of 20m. The polyps with its 5 cm long branches implement during the day constantly synchron pumping movements, which serve the respiration and food intake. However they nourish themselves to a majority by photosynthesis of the incorporated zooxanthels.

Model 3 25 cm

XfrogPlants

RED SEA

XfrogPlants

Model 2 15 cm

Model 1 15 cm

20. Pulsing Xenia ( Xenia umbellata )

XfrogPlants | Shrubs

XfrogPlants SHRUBS Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:

(with Alpha) (with Alpha)

www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support

XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation

Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler

Jan Heuschele : Modeler

Tany Heider : Rendering

Karin Rudokas : Research and Development

Peter Fantke : Research and Development

Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development

Oliver Deussen : Research and Development

Stewart McSherry : Product Manager

01.

Hornbeam

SHRUBS

( Carpinus betulus )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : April - May Origin : Central and Eastern Europe (Germany to Italy and Balkans) Environment : Mixed forests, up to 1,000 m; on fresh, fertile soil Climate : Temperate Notes :

Age 3 4m

XfrogPlants

SHRUBS

Age 2 3m

Age 1 2m

01. Hornbeam ( Carpinus betulus )

XfrogPlants

02.

Cornelian Cherry Dogwood

SHRUBS

( Cornus mas )

Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : February-April Origin : Central and Southern Europe, Western Asia Environment : Shrubberies, deciduous dry forests; on drained loamy rocky soil Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :

The Cornelian Cherry Dogwood is a member of the dogwood family, not of the cherry family. It can be planted as a hedge, in which case it produces a dense, almost impenetrable thicket of branches, a screen or a foundation plant. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s architectural shape also makes it a good choice for planting near the corners of buildings.

Age 3 4m

XfrogPlants

SHRUBS

Age 2 2m

Age 1 1.5 m

02. Cornelian Cherry Dogwood ( Cornus mas )

XfrogPlants

03.

Bloodtwig Dogwood

SHRUBS

( Cornus sanguinea )

Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : May-June (late bloom: September) Origin : Central Europe, sporadically in Northern Europe, Caucasus Environment : Alluvial forest edges, shrubberies; on fertile calcareous loamy soil Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :

The common name of the Bloodtwig Dogwood refers to the shrub’s main ornamental trait: the red twig color in autumn and winter. The scientific genus name comes from the Latin word “cornu” (meaning: “horn”), because it’s strong wood was often used to make walking sticks. It’s human-inedible fruits are a delicacy for many birds.

Age 3 3m

XfrogPlants

SHRUBS

Age 1 1m

Age 2 2m

Age 4 0.5 m

03. Bloodtwig Dogwood ( Cornus sanguinea )

XfrogPlants

04.

Hazel Tree

SHRUBS

( Corylus avellana )

Shrub/Tree, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : February-April Origin : Europe, South-Western Asia Environment : Hills and mountains underwood, up to 1,700 m. Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :

Age 3 4m

XfrogPlants

SHRUBS

Age 2 2.5 m

Age 1 1.5 m

04. Hazel Tree ( Corylus avellana )

XfrogPlants

05.

Common Hawthorn

SHRUBS

XfrogPlants

( Crataegus monogyna )

Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : May Origin : Europe Environment : Forest edges, shrubberies; on calcareous, loamy soil Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :

The Hawthorn is a fast growing, hardy shrub whose name comes from ancient Greek “kratos” (meaning “strength”). It is the host plant for the bacterium “Erwina amylovara“, which causes fire blight. Therefore it shouldn’t be planted close to any orchard. Niniane, an otherworld woman who tricked the Celtic magician Merlin into revealing his magic, shut him up in a Hawthorn.

Age 3 4m

SHRUBS

XfrogPlants

Age 1 1m

Age 2 3m

05. Common Hawthorn ( Crataegus monogyna )

06.

European Spindle-Tree

SHRUBS

( Euonymus europaea )

Shrub/Tree, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : May-June Origin : Europe, Central Asia to river Volga Environment : Alluvial forest edges;

on fresh, calcareous and fertile soil Climate : Warm, temperate

Notes :

The main ornamental features of the European SpindleTree are its eyecatching fruits and the yellow to shiny red fall foliage. Hinting at the actively irritating properties of this shrub, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s genus name Euonymus is associated with that of Euonyme, the mother of the Furies. In former times it was used to make spindles, hence the common name.

Age 3 3m

XfrogPlants

SHRUBS

Age 2 2m

Age 1 1.5 m

06. European Spindle-Tree ( Euonymus europaea )

XfrogPlants

07.

Fig Tree

SHRUBS

( Ficus carica )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : March - July Origin : South-Western Asia Environment : Humid and shady places, on rocky soil Climate : Warm, mild, temperate Notes :

Age 3 5m

XfrogPlants

SHRUBS

Age 2 3.5 m

Age 1 2m

07. Fig Tree ( Ficus carica )

XfrogPlants

08.

European Buckthorn

SHRUBS

( Frangula alnus )

Shrub/Tree, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : May-July Origin : Europe, Western Asia, Northern Africa Environment : Forests, shrubberies; on almost every soil Climate : Warm, mild, temperate Notes :

Since the 14th century the European Buckthorn has been used in medical science. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s genus name hints at the crumbly wood, and the species name refers to the affinity of shape with the leaves of Alder trees. In many European languages this species is given meaningful common names because of the rotten smell of the bark.

Age 3 3m

XfrogPlants

SHRUBS

Age 2 2m

08. European Buckthorn ( Frangula alnus )

Age 1 1.5 m

XfrogPlants

09.

Common Privet

SHRUBS

( Ligustrum vulgare )

Shrub, deciduous/evergreen broadleaf Bloom : June-July Origin : Europe, Northern Africa, Middle East Environment : Forests; on calcareous clay and loamy soils Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :

Common Privet is often used as a hedge plant at garden borders, because it tolerates pruning and is quite dense. Privets are semi-evergreen shrubs whose genus name comes from the Latin word “ligare“ (meaning: “to tie”), because the twigs were used for wattle. In the past, it’s berries were used to give wine an attractive color.

Age 3 2m

XfrogPlants

SHRUBS

Age 2 1m

Age 1 0.8 m

09. Common Privet ( Ligustrum vulgare )

XfrogPlants

10.

European Aspen

SHRUBS

XfrogPlants

( Populus tremula )

Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : March - April Origin : Europe, Northern Africa, Asia Environment : Forests, shrubberies, acclivities; on fresh to moist, fertile soil Climate : Mild, temperate, cool, cold Notes :

Humble, but hungry for sunlight, the European Aspen can often be found together with White Willow and Silver Birch. It is one of the most widely distributed trees in the world, with a natural range that stretches from the Arctic Circle in Scandinavia to North Africa, and from Britain across most of Europe and Northern Asia to China and Japan.

Age 3 4m

SHRUBS

XfrogPlants

Age 2 3m

Age 1 2m

10. European Aspen ( Populus tremula )

11.

European Bird-Cherry

SHRUBS

( Prunus padus )

Shrub/Tree, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : May - June Origin : Southern, Western and Northern Europe,

Northern and Eastern Asia Environment : Deciduous and alluvial forests, shrubberies; on moist, fertile soil Climate : Mild, cool, cold

Notes :

The European Bird-Cherry is often planted as ornamental shrub. In the middle ages its edible fruits were used for preparation of mush and juice. Today it only plays an important role as fodder for wild animals, bees and butterflies. On the other hand it is unfit to grow close to fruit trees because of its many aphids.

Age 3 4m

XfrogPlants

SHRUBS

Age 2 4m

Age 1 3m

Age 4 1.5 m

11. European Bird-Cherry ( Prunus padus )

XfrogPlants

12.

Blackthorn

SHRUBS

XfrogPlants

( Prunus spinosa )

Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : April - May Origin : Europe (from Scandinavia and British Islands to Italy) Environment : Forest edges; on moist, calcareous soils Climate : Mild, temperate, cool Notes :

Age 3 2m

SHRUBS

Age 2 2m

Age 1 1m

12. Blackthorn ( Prunus spinosa )

XfrogPlants

13.

Dog Rose

SHRUBS

( Rosa canina )

Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : June Origin : Europe, North-Western Africa, Middle East Environment : Edges of forests and roads, shrubberies; on deep loamy soil Climate : Warm, mild, cool, cold Notes :

Also well-known as Common Briar, the Dog Rose is resistant to drought and heat. It can be identified easily by its strong pricks and the flowers, which can be colored from white to purple. Its fruits are exceptionally rich on vitamin C: 100 g. of its pulp contain between 300 and 700 mg., while oranges only contain about 50 mg.

Age 3 2m

XfrogPlants

SHRUBS

Age 2 2m

Age 1 1m

13. Dog Rose ( Rosa canina )

XfrogPlants

14.

Hundred-Leaved Rose

SHRUBS

( Rosa centifolia )

Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : June-July Origin : Garden (Netherlands) Environment : On dry to moist soil Climate : Warm, cool, cold Notes :

The Hundred-Leaved Rose, also known as Centifolia, was originated at the end of the 16th century as a hybrid of several other roses in the Netherlands. It is known for its vigor, fragrance and many filled white to dark-red petals, which are used in pot-pourris, when dried.

Age 3 2m

XfrogPlants

SHRUBS

Age 2 1.5 m

14. Hundred-Leaved Rose ( Rosa centifolia )

Age 1 1m

XfrogPlants

15.

Grey Willow

SHRUBS

( Salix cinerea )

Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : March-April Origin : Europe, Western Asia Environment : Moorland, wet meadows,

alluvial forests; on moist, peaty soil Climate : Temperate, cool, cold

Notes :

The Grey Willow is frost-resistant and is further able to survive under water for a long time. The common name comes from its grayish catkins and leaves. The bark of willow species is used as drug since Dioskurides (old Greek scientist) and is recommended against fever in the medical books of the 16th and 17th centuries.

Age 3 2m

XfrogPlants

SHRUBS

Age 2 1.5 m

Age 1 0.5 m

15. Grey Willow ( Salix cinerea )

XfrogPlants

16.

Purple Willow

SHRUBS

( Salix purpurea )

Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : March - April Origin : Europe, Northern Africa, Southern and Central Asia Environment : Edges of forests and ways, shrubberies; on almost every soil Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :

The Purple Willow can be identified by its long, very flexible purple twigs, hence the name. This shrub is resistant against periodically flooding and also against drought periods. Its genus name comes from the Latin name for â&#x20AC;&#x153;willowâ&#x20AC;?. The twigs of this shrub were used for binding baskets.

Age 3 3m

XfrogPlants

SHRUBS

Age 1 0.6 m

Age 2 2m

16. Purple Willow ( Salix purpurea )

XfrogPlants

17.

Elderberry

SHRUBS

( Sambucus nigra )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : May - June Origin : Europe, Western Asia Environment : Humid woods, river sides, wasted lands, in full sunlight Climate : Warm, mild Notes :

Age 3 4m

XfrogPlants

SHRUBS

Age 2 3m

17. Elderberry ( Sambucus nigra )

Age 1 2m

XfrogPlants

18.

European Mountain Ash

SHRUBS

( Sorbus aucuparia )

Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : May - June Origin : Europe, Northern Africa, Asia Environment : Alpine forests, moorland, on moist, acetous soil Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

Age 3 4m

XfrogPlants

SHRUBS

Age 2 3m

18. European Mountain Ash ( Sorbus aucuparia )

Age 1 2m

XfrogPlants

19.

Common Lilac

SHRUBS

XfrogPlants

( Syringa vulgaris )

Shrub/Tree, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : April-May Origin : South-Eastern Europe Environment : Woods, shrubberies, cliffs; on calcareous, sandy soil Climate : Warm, temperate, cool Notes :

In 1560 the Common Lilac was brought from Constantinople to Vienna by envoy Busbecq. Since then, this shrub has been spreading over Central Europe very fast. It is cultivated in many variations and hybrids in Europe since the 16th century. It is absolutely resistant against frost and drought.

Age 3 2m

SHRUBS

Age 2 1.5 m

19. Common Lilac ( Syringa vulgaris )

Age 1 1m

XfrogPlants

20.

European Cranberry Bush

SHRUBS

( Viburnum opulus )

Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : May, June Origin : Europe, Northern Africa, Western and Northern Asia Environment : Alluvial forests, shrubberies; on fresh to wet loamy and clay soil Climate : Mild, cool, cold Notes :

Often planted as ornamental plant in gardens and parks, the European Cranberry Bush can be identified very easily by its shining red fruits and its purple autumn color. A very special cultivated variation is Sterile European Cranberry Bush (Viburnum opulus ‘Roseum’) – it’s flowers remind of a big, round snowball.

Age 3 3m

XfrogPlants

SHRUBS

Age 2 2.5 m

Age 1 2m

20. European Cranberry Bush ( Viburnum opulus )

XfrogPlants

XfrogPlants | Tropical

XfrogPlants TROPICAL Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:

(with Alpha) (with Alpha)

www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support

XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation

Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler

Jan Heuschele : Modeler

Tany Heider : Rendering

Karin Rudokas : Research and Development

Peter Fantke : Research and Development

Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development

Oliver Deussen : Research and Development

Stewart McSherry : Product Manager

01.

Cashew

TROPICAL

( Anacardium occidentale )

Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Tropical regions of South America Environment : Tropical and sub-tropical humid forests Climate : Warm and humid Notes :

The Latin name Anacardium hints at the heart-like shape of the fruit, which is edible once separated from the shell, because the latter contains very toxic caustic oil. This oil has great isolating properties, so it was used for airplanes, until it turned out that it was intoxicating even by simple manipulation.

Adult 14 m

XfrogPlants

TROPICAL

Medium 11 m Young 4m

01. Cashew ( Anacardium occidentale )

XfrogPlants

02.

King Palm

TROPICAL

( Archontophoenix alexandrae )

Palm Origin : Australia (Central to Northern Queensland) Environment : Coastal rain forests, in full sun or in the shade Climate : Warm and humid

Notes :

Also known as Alexandra Palm, this species has leaves up to 2 m. long. The fruits turn bright red when ripe. The trunk is noticeable swollen at the base, with big leaf scars. The King Palm needs more water than most palms, and sometimes even thrives in poorly drained places. It grows fast, up to 1 m. per year.

Adult 16 m

XfrogPlants

TROPICAL

Medium 9m

Young 4.5 m

02. King Palm ( Archontophoenix alexandrae )

XfrogPlants

03.

Breadfruit Tree

TROPICAL

( Artocarpus altilis )

Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Malay archipelago Environment : Tropical forests and cultivations Climate : Warm Notes :

The trunk, leaves and fruits of the Breadfruit exude a milky sap when injured. The fruits are round and seedless. Pollinated fruits grow larger. These fruits are a very important food resource for the indigenous populations. The strong wood is used to build huts and canoes.

Adult 22 m

XfrogPlants

TROPICAL

Medium 8.5 m Young 4.5 m

03. Breadfruit Tree ( Artocarpus altilis )

XfrogPlants

04.

Papaya

TROPICAL

( Carica papaya )

Plant Origin : Tropical regions of South America Environment : Tropical forests Climate : Warm

Notes :

Adult 8m

XfrogPlants

TROPICAL

Medium 5.5 m

Young 3m

04. Papaya Tree ( Carica papaya )

XfrogPlants

05.

Mediterranean Fan Palm

TROPICAL

( Chamaerops humilis )

Palm Origin : Southwest Mediterranean Environment : Sea coasts, hinterland only in the warmer areas Climate : Warm and dry

Notes :

Adult 4m

XfrogPlants

TROPICAL

Young 1m

Adult 11 m Medium 3m

05. Mediterranean Fan Palm ( Chamaerops humilis )

XfrogPlants

06.

Sweet Orange Tree

TROPICAL

( Citrus sinensis )

Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad conical Origin : Asian, uncertain (probably in the Malay archipelago) Environment : Sub-tropical Climate : Warm, mild Notes :

Adult 7m

XfrogPlants

TROPICAL

Medium 7m Young 4.5 m

06. Sweet Orange Tree ( Citrus sinensis )

XfrogPlants

07.

Coconut Palm

TROPICAL

( Cocos nucifera )

Palm Origin : Southwest of Asia (India, Malay archipelago) Environment : Tropical coastal forests Climate : Warm

Notes :

The Coconut Palm is a tall palm with a long flexible stem that can bend considerably in reaction to environment (wind, light). The rings along the stem are the scars left by the fallen leaves. The nuts contain a sugar-rich liquid that becomes solid when ripe. Not only the fruit pulp, but also the sprouts are edible.

Adult 30 m

XfrogPlants

TROPICAL

Medium 27 m

Young 6.5 m

07. Coconut Palm ( Cocos nucifera )

XfrogPlants

08.

Coffee Tree

TROPICAL

XfrogPlants

( Coffea arabica )

Shrub/Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Shrubby, broad spreading Origin : East of Africa (Ethiopia, Angola, Mozambique) Environment : Tropical and sub-tropical forests and scrubs Climate : Warm Notes :

The name “Coffea” comes from the Arab word for the coffee drink. This small tree needs temperatures not below 16° C and can therefore be cultivated only in tropical climates, where it can also produce the fruits (red when ripe) whose toasted seeds become the coffee.

Adult 2.3 m

TROPICAL

Medium 1.5 m Young 0.6 m

08. Coffee Tree ( Coffea arabica )

XfrogPlants

09.

Bluegum Eucalyptus

TROPICAL

( Eucalyptus globulus )

Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Tasmania, Southeast of Australia Environment : Woods, in pure stands or mixed with other Eucalypti Climate : Warm, mild Notes :

The Bluegum Eucalyptus is not cold-resistant, therefore it can only grow in sub-tropical climates. It prefers cool wet winters and warm dry summers. It is shade-intolerant. Introduced in California in 1956 and in the Hawaii in 1865. Hawaii has today about 12,000 acres of planted and naturalized Bluegum Eucalyptus.

Adult 36 m

XfrogPlants

TROPICAL

Medium 25 m Young 8m

09. Bluegum Eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus globulus )

XfrogPlants

10.

Rubber Tree

TROPICAL

( Ficus elastica )

Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Tropical Asia Environment : Humid forests Climate : Warm and humid Notes :

Often potted as a small plant for apartments, the Rubber Tree is really a tall tree that can grow up to 30 m. All tree parts, when cut, produce a white and dense latex used to produce the so-called India rubber. The cutting can happen only every 3 years: if done more often, the tree withers and dies.

Adult 16 m

XfrogPlants

TROPICAL

Young 4.5 m Medium 11 m

10. Rubber Tree ( Ficus elastica )

XfrogPlants

11.

Macadamia

TROPICAL

( Macadamia integrifolia )

Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Eastern Australia Environment : coastal rain forests, on rich, well-drained soil Climate : warm Notes :

Macadamia is the only native Australian tree to be cultivated for food. The nuts are much appreciated and the tree is cultivated in all tropical countries. The Macadamia nuts industry started in the Hawaii islands, where the nuts have been produced since the early 1900s. Macadamia is also appreciated as decorative tree.

Adult 16 m

XfrogPlants

TROPICAL

Medium 9m Young 4m

11. Macadamia ( Macadamia integrifolia )

XfrogPlants

12.

Mango Tree

TROPICAL

( Mangifera indica )

Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : India, Birmania, part of Malay archipelago Environment : Tropical and sub-tropical regions,

on rich, well-drained soil Climate : Warm and rather dry

Notes :

Adult 17

XfrogPlants

TROPICAL

Medium 10 m

Young 5.5 m

12. Mango Tree ( Mangifera indica )

XfrogPlants

13.

Banana

TROPICAL

( Musa x paradisiaca )

Plant Origin : Asia Environment : Tropical valleys, in full light to light shade Climate : Warm and humid, mild

Notes :

Adult 6m

XfrogPlants

TROPICAL

Medium 4.5 m Young 3m

13. Banana ( Musa x paradisiaca )

XfrogPlants

14.

Avocado

TROPICAL

( Persea americana )

Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Central America Environment : Sub-tropical, from sea level up

to 2,250 m., on drained soil Climate : Warm, mild

Notes :

Native to Central America, the Avocado tree is cultivated in all tropical and sub-tropical countries because of the nourishing fruits, rich of vitamins, proteins and fats and with a low sugar content. The Avocado tree does not tolerate water-logging, and the branches are easily damaged by winds. It is frost-intolerant.

Adult 12 m

XfrogPlants

TROPICAL

Medium 7.5 m

Young 3m

14. Avocado ( Persea americana )

XfrogPlants

15.

Canary Date Palm

TROPICAL

( Phoenix canariensis )

Palm Origin : Canary Islands (Eastern Atlantic) Environment : Coastal forests Climate : Warm, mild

Notes :

Tall, beautiful decorative palm that can grow up to 20 m. The Latin name indicates not only the native region, but also the fact that Phoenicians first made this palm known to the ancient Greeks. In fact, the Canary Date Palm diffusion in the Mediterranean area dates back to the Phoenician age.

Adult 22 m

XfrogPlants

TROPICAL

Medium 10 m

Young 2.5 m

15. Canary Date Palm ( Phoenix canariensis )

XfrogPlants

16.

Strawberry Guava

TROPICAL

( Psidium littorale )

Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Brazil Environment : Tropical coastal forests Climate : Warm, mild, on both calcareous

and slightly acidic soil

Notes :

The Strawberry Guava is a small, salt-tolerant Brazilian tree that grows well on the sea coasts. The leaves are deep green but new sprouts are red and this adds to the attractiveness of the species. The fruits are shiny red and can be eaten fresh or used for jellies and jams. Adult exemplars are moderately frost-tolerant.

Adult 9m

XfrogPlants

TROPICAL

Medium 6.5 m

16. Strawberry Guava ( Psidium littorale )

Young 2m

XfrogPlants

17.

Palmetto

TROPICAL

( Sabal Palmetto )

Palm Origin : East coast of North America (from North Carolina to Florida) Environment : coastal areas Climate : warm, mild

Notes :

Also known as Cabbage Palm (South Carolina State tree), this is a typical landmark of the coasts of South and North Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. The leaf bud is very much appreciated for salads, but this food use can be dangerous for the safety of a palm with such a slow growth. It is a cold-resistant palm.

Adult 20 m

XfrogPlants

TROPICAL

Medium 11 m

17. Palmetto ( Sabal Palmetto )

Young 1.5 m

XfrogPlants

18.

Sugar Cane

TROPICAL

( Saccharum officinarum )

Plant Origin : India Environment : Tropical plains Climate : Warm and humid

Notes :

The Sugar Cane is a tall perennial grass with a thick stem and long broad leaves. It is chewed for the sweet taste, or it can be pressed to render a syrup used for production of brown sugar, cane syrup, molasses, wax and rum. The refused cane is used for paper, cardboard and fuel. Reeds are made into pens, mats and screens.

Adult 3.8 m

XfrogPlants

TROPICAL

Adult 3.8 m

18. Sugar Cane ( Saccharum officinarum )

Medium 3m

Young 1.2 m

XfrogPlants

19.

Queen Palm

TROPICAL

( Syagrus romanzoffiana )

Palm Origin : Southern Brazil, Northern Argentina, Uruguay Environment : Tropical, in full sunlight, on drained soil Climate : Warm, mild

Notes :

The Queen Palm is both salt-tolerant and droughtresistant. It is a good choice for coastal areas, although itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s native range also includes continental regions. It is moderately cold-tolerant, fast-growing, and has an average resistance to winds. The leaves have a featherlike look.

Adult 15 m

XfrogPlants

TROPICAL

Medium 12 m

Young 4m

19. Queen Palm ( Syagrus romanzoffiana )

XfrogPlants

20.

Chinese Windmill Palm

TROPICAL

( Trachycarpus fortunei )

Palm Origin : China Environment : Hills and mountains, in full sun, on moist, well-drained soil Climate : Mild, temperate, cool, cold

Notes :

The Chinese Windmill Palm is a rustic sturdy palm, the most cold-resistant of all palms. Adult exemplars are even snow-tolerant and frost-tolerant. The thick stem has large dead leaves scars and long, dark brown fibres that make it look hairy. The Latin name “Trachycarpus” means “bristly fruit”.

Adult 16 m

XfrogPlants

TROPICAL

Medium 12 m

Young 2m

20. Chinese Windmill Palm ( Trachycarpus fortunei )

XfrogPlants

XfrogPlants | USA Conifers

XfrogPlants USA CONIFERS Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:

(with Alpha) (with Alpha)

www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support

XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation

Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler

Jan Heuschele : Modeler

Tany Heider : Rendering

Karin Rudokas : Research and Development

Peter Fantke : Research and Development

Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development

Oliver Deussen : Research and Development

Stewart McSherry : Product Manager

01.

White Fir

USA CONIFERS

( Abies concolor )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West of North America (Colorado, California, Mexico) Environment : Evergreen mountain forests Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :

Also known as Colorado Fir, this tree can grow on any kind of soil, as long as it is deep and fertile. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a frosthardy tree. It is used and appreciated also in urban decoration, because of the visual impact, but the nonexcellent tolerance of pollution makes it more useful for small rural towns than it is for big cities.

Adult 35.5 m

XfrogPlants

USA CONIFERS

Medium 20 m

Young 7m

01. White Fir ( Abies concolor )

XfrogPlants

02.

Grand Fir

USA CONIFERS

( Abies grandis )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West of North America Environment : Stream bottoms, valleys, mountain slopes Climate : Cool Notes :

The Grand Fir (also known as Giant Fir) grows very fast and it is therefore used for re-forestation. It is cold-resistant but itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s demanding with regards to site, growing only on well-drained, deep calcareous soil. It is shade-tolerant and is often found in forests in association with other conifers. The wood is used for pulpwood.

Adult 34 m

XfrogPlants

USA CONIFERS

XfrogPlants

Young 7m

Medium 20 m

02. Grand Fir ( Abies grandis )

03.

California Red Fir

USA CONIFERS

( Abies magnifica )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : California, Southern Oregon Environment : Humid mountain forests, from 1,600 to 2,200 m. and above Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

Also known as Red Fir, the name comes from the bark, initially grey, that in the old exemplars turns to red. It grows on deep, humid soils where the mountain slope is not too steep. It likes full sunlight, but can survive for long periods in a dense shade. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s wood has become to be commercially used only recently.

Adult 35 m

XfrogPlants

USA CONIFERS

Medium 20 m

Young 5.5 m

03. California Red Fir ( Abies magnifica )

XfrogPlants

04.

Incense Cedar

USA CONIFERS

( Calocedrus decurrens )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West of North America (California, Oregon) Environment : Mountain forests Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

The Incense Cedar is not really a cedar tree: it belongs to the Cupressaceae family. It is a very beautiful and sturdy tree that is often used for urban decoration. It is demanding though, because it requires deep, humid but well-drained fertile soils, and grows on sunny places. It is frost-intolerant. The wood is used to make pencils.

Adult 34.5 m

XfrogPlants

USA CONIFERS

Medium 20 m

Young 7m

04. Incense Cedar ( Calocedrus decurrens )

XfrogPlants

05.

Monterey Cypress

USA CONIFERS

( Cupressus macrocarpa )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : West Coast of USA (from Oregon to California) Environment : Evergreen coastal forests, in full sunlight Climate : Mild, warm Notes :

The Monterey cypress is quite a rare tree in nature, as it is found only in the area surrounding Monterey. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s planted by man, though, mainly along sea coasts, because it is resistant to wind and salt, and it can form a natural barrier against strong sea winds. It is not demanding with soil. When growing old, it becomes very gnarled.

Adult 20 m

XfrogPlants

USA CONIFERS

Medium 10.5 m

05. Monterey Cypress ( Cupressus macrocarpa )

Young 6m

XfrogPlants

06.

Western Juniper

USA CONIFERS

( Juniperus occidentalis )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : West of USA Environment : Rocky slopes, dry mountain areas Climate : Mild and dry Notes :

Adult 15 m

XfrogPlants

USA CONIFERS

Medium 10 m

Young 5m

06. Western Juniper ( Juniperus occidentalis )

XfrogPlants

07.

Tamarack

USA CONIFERS

( Larix laricina )

Tree, deciduous conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : North America (Canada, Northeast of USA) Environment : Forests along swamps, streams and lakes Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

Also known as American Larch, the Tamarack can grow as far north as the Arctic Circle. Like the other Larch trees, it has deciduous leaves, that in Autumn turn yellow and finally fall. It grows on well-drained loamy soils. The wood is heavy and durable, and is used for pulpwood but also for poles and as fuel wood.

Adult 20 m

XfrogPlants

USA CONIFERS

Medium 14 m

Young 7m

07. Tamarack ( Larix laricina )

XfrogPlants

08.

Engelmann Blue Spruce

USA CONIFERS

( Picea engelmannii var. Glauca )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West of North America (Rocky Mountains) Environment : Evergreen mountain forests Climate : Temperate, cool, cold Notes :

Named after the German botanist Engelmann, the Engelmann Blue Spruce is a blue-leaved variety. It can be found in the Rocky Mountains forests, often in association with the Subalpine Fir. Of course, the aesthetic quality of the blue leaves makes of the Engelmann Blue Spruce a favourite for decoration of urban parks.

Adult 25 m

XfrogPlants

USA CONIFERS

Medium 15 m

Young 5m

08. Engelmann White Spruce ( Picea engelmannii var. Glauca )

XfrogPlants

09.

Black Spruce

USA CONIFERS

( Picea mariana )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Canada, North of USA Environment : Evergreen forests Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

The Black Spruce (Newfoundland provincial tree) is very characteristic of the forests of Canada and Northern US. It has a peculiar shape, with the rounded top often denser than the rest of the tree. A beer is produced from the leaves. The main commercial value of Black Spruce is pulpwood. The wood is lightweight but strong.

Adult 19.5 m

XfrogPlants

USA CONIFERS

Medium 12.5 m

Young 5.5 m

09. Black Spruce ( Picea mariana )

XfrogPlants

10.

Colorado Blue Spruce

USA CONIFERS

( Picea pungens var. Glauca )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West of USA (Rocky Mountains) Environment : Dry mountain slopes, stream banks Climate : Temperate, cool, cold Notes :

This is a natural blue-leaved variety of the Colorado Spruce (Colorado and Utah State tree) . It can adapt to most conditions (stagnating or arid soils) and tolerates cold and pollution, but is salt-intolerant. To keep the blue colour of the leaves, it needs to be in sunny places; if in the shade, the leaves turn green and often even fall.

Adult 25 m

XfrogPlants

USA CONIFERS

Medium 12 m

Young 6m

10. Colorado Blue Spruce ( Picea pungens var. Glauca )

XfrogPlants

11.

Lodgepole Pine

USA CONIFERS

( Pinus contorta )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West of North America (from Alaska to Mexico) Environment : Coastal hills, slopes and dunes Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

Also known as Beach Pine (in the Latifolia variety), the Lodgepole Pine (Alberta provincial tree) is a landmark species of the West coast of North America. Several varieties exist, each with itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s own characteristics. Often (but not in all cases) crooked and swept, it is perfect for Bonsai cultivation. The wood is used for lumber.

Adult 20 m

XfrogPlants

USA CONIFERS

Medium 12 m

Young 5m

11. Lodgepole Pine ( Pinus contorta )

XfrogPlants

12.

Coulter Pine

USA CONIFERS

( Pinus coulteri )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad Spreading Origin : California Environment : Dry, rocky mountain slopes Climate : Mild, warm Notes :

Although typical of the wild rocky areas of California, the Coulter Pine (also known as Big-Cone Pine) is sometimes planted in urban parks, because of the spectacular cones. In fact, they are the heaviest (over 2 kg.) of all pine species. They are also very long (up to 30 cm.). Native Americans used to eat the seeds.

Adult 20.5 m

XfrogPlants

USA CONIFERS

Young 3.5 m

Medium 12 m

12. Coulter Pine ( Pinus coulteri )

XfrogPlants

13.

Bishop Pine

USA CONIFERS

( Pinus muricata )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad columnar Origin : California Environment : Low coastal hills Climate : Mild, warm Notes :

Sometimes cultivated for the wood, the Bishop Pine is mostly planted along the sea coasts as wind barrier, because it is a tree that tolerates humid wind and salt well. The cones stay on the tree for at least 25 years, and they let the seeds out only when a fire forces the cone plates to open up.

Adult 20 m

XfrogPlants

USA CONIFERS

Medium 11 m

Young 4m

13. Bishop Pine ( Pinus muricata )

XfrogPlants

14.

Ponderosa Pine

USA CONIFERS

( Pinus ponderosa )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West of North America (from British Columbia to Mexico) Environment : mountain slopes Climate : warm, mild, temperate Notes :

Also known as Western Yellow Pine, the Ponderosa Pine (Montana State tree) is cultivated for the wood, but also planted in city parks. The wide expansion of Ponderosa Pine after the last glacial era is due to the low intensity wildfires, which could destroy only the smaller species, leaving trunk and seeds of Ponderosa intact.

Adult 30 m

XfrogPlants

USA CONIFERS

Medium 18 m

Young 7.5 m

14. Ponderoas Pine ( Pinus ponderosa )

XfrogPlants

15.

Monterey Pine

USA CONIFERS

( Pinus radiata )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : California Environment : Dry slopes of coastal mountains Climate : Mild, warm, in full sunlight, on well-drained soil Notes :

A fast-growing, rustic and sturdy tree, the Monterey Pine is also planted for decoration. It grows of preference in temperate warm areas, but is coldresistant. It is also wind-resistant and salt-tolerant, and can therefore be planted in coastal cities. The wood is used in the paper industry.

Adult 31 m

XfrogPlants

USA CONIFERS

Medium 17 m

Young 4m

15. Monterey Pine ( Pinus radiata )

XfrogPlants

16.

Eastern White Pine

USA CONIFERS

( Pinus strobus )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : East of North America Environment : Forests, at low altitudes, on loamy, humid soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

The White Pine (Maine and Michigan State tree, Ontario provincial tree) is a fast-growing tree intolerant of calcareous soils and stagnations. It grows of preference in direct sunlight, but tolerates also a partial shade. It poorly stands pollution and for this reason it is not used for urban decoration as extensively as it would deserve.

Adult 28 m

XfrogPlants

USA CONIFERS

Young 5.5 m

Medium 15 m

16. Eastern White Pine ( Pinus strobus )

XfrogPlants

17.

Douglas Fir

USA CONIFERS

( Pseudotsuga menziesii )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West of North America (from Canada to California) Environment : Mountain humid evergreen forests, on deep, fertile soil Climate : Cool, temperate Notes :

A truly majestic tree, the Douglas Fir (Oregon State tree) is one of the main protagonists of the landscape of West US and Canada. In spite of the superficial roots, it can stand dry spells. It loves direct sunlight or partial shade. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s wood is highly prized and for this reason, it is also widely cultivated.

Adult 36 m

XfrogPlants

USA CONIFERS

Medium 20 m

Young 8m

17. Douglas Fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii )

XfrogPlants

18.

Western Red Cedar

USA CONIFERS

( Thuja plicata )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Northwest of North America (from Alaska to California) Environment : Mountains, on fresh soil Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

Adult 30 m

XfrogPlants

USA CONIFERS

Medium 20 m

Young 6m

18. Western Red Cedar ( Thuja plicata )

XfrogPlants

19.

California Nutmeg

USA CONIFERS

( Torreja californica )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : California Environment : Valleys, mountain slopes, shady canyons of coastal areas Climate : Warm, mild Notes :

Like itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s most famous relative, the Common Yew, the California Nutmeg also grows of preference in the shade of either other trees or mountains sides. The fruit has a curious olive-like shape. The twigs, when crushed, emit an intense, fragrant orange-like scent. As a wild species it is only found on the native California mountains.

Adult 20 m

XfrogPlants

USA CONIFERS

Medium 12 m

Young 5.5 m

19. California Nutmeg ( Torreja californica )

XfrogPlants

20.

Eastern Hemlock

USA CONIFERS

( Tsuga canadensis )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : East of North America Environment : Hills or mountain woods, in partial shade Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :

The Eastern Hemlock (Pennsylvania State tree) grows well almost everywhere, except on calcareous soil. It is intolerant of direct sunlight. Widely diffused outside of itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s native areas as ornamental tree, the Eastern Hemlock is also cultivated for the wood, used for both paper production and as building material.

Adult 20.5 m

XfrogPlants

USA CONIFERS

Medium 15 m

Young 5.5 m

20. Eastern Hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis )

XfrogPlants

XfrogPlants | USA East

XfrogPlants USA East Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:

(with Alpha) (with Alpha)

www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support

XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation

Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler

Jan Heuschele : Modeler

Tany Heider : Rendering

Karin Rudokas : Research and Development

Peter Fantke : Research and Development

Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development

Oliver Deussen : Research and Development

Stewart McSherry : Product Manager

01.

Red Maple

USA EAST

( Acer rubrum )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : East of North America Environment : Humid forests, river sides Climate : Temperate Notes :

The Red Maple (Rhode Island State tree) grows in humid environments, on non-calcareous soils. It is much appreciated as ornamental tree because of the autumn foliage, whose colours can range from deep red to golden yellow. In native North America, it is also industrially cultivated for the wood.

Adult 20.5 m

XfrogPlants

USA EAST

Medium 10 m

01. Red Maple ( Acer rubrum )

Young 3m

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02.

Ohio Buckeye

USA EAST

( Aesculus glabra )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Southern and Central East USA Environment : Moist, rich forests Climate : Mild Notes :

The Ohio Buckeye (Ohio State tree) is smaller than itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s European/Asian relative (the Horse-Chestnut). Native Americans used the ground-up seeds to poison fish in the lakes (and gather them easily afterwards). The Ohio Buckeye leaves out very early in the Spring and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s leaves turn to a beautiful golden colour in the Autumn.

Adult 17 m

XfrogPlants

USA EAST

Medium 12.5 m

02. Ohio Buckeye ( Aesculus glabra )

Young 4m

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03.

Paper Birch

USA EAST

( Betula papyrifera )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad conical Origin : North America Environment : Mountain forests (sea-level forests at northerly latitudes) Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

The Paper Birch (New Hampshire State tree, Saskatchewan provincial tree) is also known as Canoe Birch, because native Americans used to coat their canoes with itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s waterproof bark, easy to peel off. Paper Birch is a very popular choice for decoration of parks and gardens. It needs to be placed in full sunlight.

Adult 18.5 m

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USA EAST

Young 4m

Medium 12.5 m

03. Name ( Betula papyrifera )

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04.

Southern Catalpa

USA EAST

( Catalpa bignonioides )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Southeast of USA Environment : Stream banks, low forests Climate : Mild Notes :

Also called Indian Bean tree, or Cigar tree, because of the shape of the fruits, the Southern Catalpa is a popular choice for decoration, because of the thick foliage and the gorgeous summer blooming. Although native of temperate warm regions, it tolerates frost. The name Catalpa is of native American origin.

Adult 16 m

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USA EAST

Medium 8m

04. Southern Catalpa ( Catalpa bignonioides )

Young 3.5 m

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05.

American Beech

USA EAST

( Fagus grandifolia )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : East of North America Environment : Rich forests Climate : Mild Notes :

The American Beech grows on well-drained soils. It is a much smaller tree than the European beech, but itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s appreciated as well for decoration. The inner parts of the fruit are edible and used today as fodder (pigs love them), but until not much time ago, they also used to be a food for men.

Adult 21 m

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USA EAST

Medium 8.5 m

05. American Beech ( Fagus grandifolia )

Young 4m

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06.

Kentucky Coffee Tree

USA EAST

( Gymnocladus dioicus )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Central and Eastern USA Environment : Moist forests Climate : Mild, temperate, cool Notes :

The Kentucky Coffee Tree has a reason for itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s name: the seeds, in fact, can be toasted and ground to produce a coffee substitute. The slender, elegant shape of the tree and the leaves make of the Kentucky Coffee Tree a good choice for urban decoration. It is tolerant of freezing winters.

Adult 20 m

XfrogPlants

USA EAST

Medium 11 m Young 6.5 m

06. Kentucky Coffee Tree ( Gymnocladus dioicus )

XfrogPlants

07.

Red Juniper

USA EAST

( Juniperus virginiana )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow columnar Origin : East of North America

(from Hudson bay to Florida and Texas) Environment : Forests, rocky slopes Climate : Mild

Notes :

Also non appropriately known as Eastern Red Cedar, Red Cedar, or Pencil Cedar, the Red Juniper is widely distributed and planted. It grows slowly and it is not demanding with regards to soil. The wood is considered the best to make pencils, but itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s also used for floors and for cabinet closets, because the scent keep insects away.

Adult 23.5 m

XfrogPlants

USA EAST

XfrogPlants

Young 3.5 m

Medium 10 m

07. Red Juniper ( Juniperus virginiana )

08.

Sweet Gum

USA EAST

( Liquidambar styraciflua )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad conical Origin : East of USA, Mexico, Central America Environment : Moist forests Climate : Mild Notes :

Both the vulgar and Latin names hint at the look and consistency of the resin, which is used for production of glues, perfumes, and incense. The Sweet Gum can grow very tall, but the branches do not expand, a quality that makes it ideal for boulevards. The gorgeous autumn colours make it a primary choice for decoration.

Adult 28 m

XfrogPlants

USA EAST

Medium 16 m

Young 6m

08. Sweet Gum ( Liquidambar styraciflua )

XfrogPlants

09.

Tuliptree

USA EAST

( Liriodendron tulipifera )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Northeast of North America Environment : hill forests, in sunny places, on deep, humid soil Climate : mild, temperate Notes :

Adult 32 m

XfrogPlants

USA EAST

Medium 27 m

09. Tuliptree ( Liriodendron tulipifera )

Young 4m

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10.

Southern Magnolia

USA EAST

( Magnolia grandiflora )

Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad conical Origin : Southeast of USA, Mexico (gulf area) Environment : On river sides and humid places of coastal plains Climate : Warm, mild Notes :

Adult 17 m

XfrogPlants

USA EAST

XfrogPlants

Young 4m Medium 12 m

10. Southern Magnolia ( Magnolia grandiflora )

11.

Umbrella Magnolia

USA EAST

( Magnolia tripetala )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : East of USA Environment : Moist forested valleys Climate : Mild Notes :

The Latin name “tripetala” is probably due to the petal-like look of the three large white sepals of the flowers, whose strong scent can be unpleasant for some. Blossoming begins in the early summer. The genus name “Magnolia” honours the French botanist Pierre Magnol.

Adult 12.5 m

XfrogPlants

USA EAST

Medium 6m

11. Umbrella Magnolia ( Magnolia tripetala )

Young 4m

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12.

Eastern White Pine

USA EAST

( Pinus strobus )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Narrow conical Origin : East of North America Environment : Forests, at low altitudes, on loamy, humid soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

Adult 28 m

XfrogPlants

USA EAST

Medium 15 m

12. Eastern White Pine ( Pinus strobus )

Young 5.5 m

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13.

American Planetree

USA EAST

( Platanus occidentalis )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : East of North America Environment : Humid forests, on fertile, moist soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

Also known as American Sycamore (and not to be confused with the Mountain Maple, which is also called Sycamore Maple), the American Planetree is highly decorative and one of the most resistant trees to pollution and pruning, but like all planetrees it is seriously endangered by many insects and fungi-induced diseases.

Adult 27 m

XfrogPlants

USA EAST

Medium 17.5 m Young 6.5 m

13. American Planetree ( Platanus occidentalis )

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14.

Red Oak

USA EAST

( Quercus rubra )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Northeast of North America Environment : Mountain forests, on deep, well-drained soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

Adult 20.5 m

XfrogPlants

USA EAST

Medium 13 m Young 6.5 m

14. Red Oak ( Quercus rubra )

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15.

Staghorn Sumac

USA EAST

( Rhus typhina )

Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : East of North America Environment : Meadows and scrub, on dry, sometimes rocky soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

The Staghorn Sumac often grows at the margins of woods. It also grows on river sides, as long as the soil is well-drained. It is a very popular choice for urban decoration, because of the umbrella-like shape and of the Autumn leaves, whose bright reds and oranges create an absolutely stunning visual set.

Adult 10.5 m

XfrogPlants

USA EAST

Medium 10 m

Young 3.5 m

15. Staghorn Sumac ( Rhus typhina )

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16.

Palmetto

USA EAST

( Sabal Palmetto )

Palm Origin : East coast of North America (from North Carolina to Florida) Environment : coastal areas Climate : warm, mild

Notes :

Adult 19 m

XfrogPlants

USA EAST

Young 8.5 m

Medium 17 m

16. Palmetto ( Sabal Palmetto )

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17.

Bald Cypress

USA EAST

( Taxodium distichum )

Tree, deciduous conifer Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Southeast of North America Environment : Swamps and river sides Climate : Mild, warm Notes :

Adult 30 m

XfrogPlants

USA EAST

Medium 22 m

Young 7m

17. Bald Cypress ( Taxodium distichum )

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18.

Eastern Arborvitae

USA EAST

( Thuja occidentalis )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : East of North America Environment : Mountain slopes, swamps, on calcareous soil Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :

Also known as American Arborvitae or White Cedar. Arborvitae is Latin for â&#x20AC;&#x153;tree of lifeâ&#x20AC;? and name is by a French explorer of the 16th century who learned that Indians used the leaves to treat scurvy. It tolerates cold and pollution, and although native of a humid environment, it is resistant to dry spells. The wood has a fragrant scent.

Adult 19.5 m

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USA EAST

Medium 10 m

Young 4.5 m

18. Eastern Arborvitae ( Thuja occidentalis )

XfrogPlants

19.

American Linden

USA EAST

( Tilia americana )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : East of North America Environment : Moist forests, on deep, loamy soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

Also known as Basswood, Lime, or Whitewood. The most evident feature of the American Linden is the size (up to 25 cm.) of the very large leaves, which can be several times bigger than those of itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s many Asian and European relatives. It is much appreciated for the shade it provides in the Summer.

Adult 20.5 m

XfrogPlants

USA EAST

Young 7.5 m

Medium 11.5 m

19. American Linden ( Tilia americana )

XfrogPlants

20.

Eastern Hemlock

USA EAST

( Tsuga canadensis )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : East of North America Environment : Hills or mountain woods, in partial shade Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :

Adult 20.5 m

XfrogPlants

USA EAST

Medium 15 m

Young 5.5 m

20. Eastern Hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis )

XfrogPlants

XfrogPlants | USA Southwest

XfrogPlants USA Southwest Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:

(with Alpha) (with Alpha)

www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support

XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation

Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler

Jan Heuschele : Modeler

Tany Heider : Rendering

Karin Rudokas : Research and Development

Peter Fantke : Research and Development

Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development

Oliver Deussen : Research and Development

Stewart McSherry : Product Manager

01.

Century Plant

( Agave americana, Agave americana var. Marginata )

Plant Origin : Eastern Mexico Environment : Arid areas, in full sunlight, on very well-drained soil Climate : Hot, warm

Notes :

The Century Plant blooms after 10 years in native areas and after 60 years in cooler climates. It is monocarpic (dies after blooming) but produces many offsets. Often used for fencing. The heart of the plant can be eaten when roasted.

Model 3 1.3 m green Agave americana

USA SOUTHWEST

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USA SOUTHWEST

Model 2 1.5 m bluish green Agave americana

Model 1 1.4 m green Agave americana

01. Century Plant ( Agave americana, Agave americana var. Marginata )

XfrogPlants

USA SOUTHWEST

Model 4 1.4 m green, yellow edge Agave americana var. Marginata

Model 6 1.4 m green, yellow edge Agave americana var. Marginata

Model 5 1.4 m green, yellow stripe Agave americana var. Marginata

01. Century Plant ( Agave americana, Agave americana var. Marginata )

XfrogPlants

02.

Desert Agave

( Agave deserti )

Plant Origin : Southern Arizona, Southern California, Baja California Environment : Low desert scrub, from 350 to 2,200 m Climate : Hot, warm

Notes :

The Desert Agave grows under the full sun, on alkaline soil and sand. In Arizona, rosettes are often solitary, while in California they may form large clumps. The Desert Agave was used for food by the Cahuilla people.

Model 2 1.7 m (stem 5 m) green, yellow flowers

USA SOUTHWEST

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USA SOUTHWEST

Model 1 1.7 m (stem 4 m) green

Model 3 1.6 m green

02. Desert Agave ( Agave deserti )

XfrogPlants

03.

Bishop’s Cap

( Astrophytum myriostigma, Astrophytum ornatum )

Plant Origin : Central and Northern Mexico Environment : Arid areas, in full sunlight, on dry soil Climate : Hot, warm

Notes :

The family name Astrophytum means “star plant” (from ancient Greek), and refers to the shape of this cactus. Bishop Cap is the vulgar name given to the myriostigma species. Astrophyta come in many variations and cultivars. They are one of the most popular cacti.

Model 3 100 cm green, white dots, yellow flower Astrophytum ornatum

USA SOUTHWEST

XfrogPlants

USA SOUTHWEST

Model 2 30 cm green, yellow flower Astrophytum myriostigma var. Potosinum

03. Bishopâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Cap ( Astrophytum myriostigma, Astrophytum ornatum )

Model 1 30 cm bluish green Astrophytum myriostigma lem

XfrogPlants

04.

Giant Saguaro

( Carnegiea gigantea )

Plant Origin : Southern Arizona, Southeast of California, Northwest of Mexico Environment : Desert Climate : Hot, warm

Notes :

The Giant Saguaro is the largest member of the Cactaceae family. It can weight up to 12 tons and lives approx. 200 years. It does not thrive outside of itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s wild native area. The flowers grow on the tips of branches and open only in the cooler nights. The Giant Saguaro has been used as food and drink, and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s still used in ceremonies.

Model 3 10 m yellow flowers

USA SOUTHWEST

XfrogPlants

USA SOUTHWEST

Model 2 8.5 m white flowers

04. Giant Saguaro ( Carnegiea gigantea )

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Model 1 9m orange flowers

05.

Paloverde

( Cercidium floridum )

Tree/Shrub, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Arizona Environment : Arid areas Climate : Hot, warm Notes :

A small tree or shrub, the Paloverde tree is very drought-resistant and grows well in all arid regions, where it finds no competition from similar species. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s yellow blooming (early spring) lasts a whole month. It tolerates full sun. The fruit is edible.

Model 2 7m tree yellow flowers

USA SOUTHWEST

XfrogPlants

USA SOUTHWEST

Model 4 5m shrub green

Model 1 9m tree green

Model 3 4m shrub yellow flowers

05. Paloverde ( Cercidium floridum )

XfrogPlants

06.

Staghorn Cholla

USA SOUTHWEST

( Cylindropuntia versicolor )

Plant Origin : Southwest of USA Environment : Arid areas, on dry slopes Climate : Hot, warm

Notes :

The Staghorn Cholla is often found in mixed stands together with Paloverde, Giant Saguaro and Prickly Pear. Chollas with green stems and purple stems can be found next to each other. The central part of the stem gets darker with age and turns into a woody structure.

Model 1 3m green, red flowers

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USA SOUTHWEST

Model 2 1.2 m brown, red flowers

06. Staghorn Cholla ( Cylindropuntia versicolor )

Model 3 2m brown, red flowers

XfrogPlants

07.

Barrel Cactus

( Echinocactus acanthodes )

Plant Origin : Southwest of USA, Northern Mexico Environment : Arid areas, on rich, well-drained soil, full sun to light shade Climate : Hot, warm, mild

Notes :

The Barrel Cactus is one of about ten species of Echinocacti coming from the Southwest of USA. Like all Echinocacti, it needs full sun and little water, and is fairly cold-resistant, down to 20° F. (-7°C). The family name Echinocactus comes from ancient Greek and means something like “hedgehog thistle”.

Model 3 180 cm green brown-yellow needles

USA SOUTHWEST

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USA SOUTHWEST

Model 2 100 cm green yellow needles

Model 1 65 cm green brown-yellow needles

07. Barrel Cactus ( Echinocactus acanthodes )

XfrogPlants

08.

Rainbow Cactus

( Echinocereus dasyacanthus, Echinocereus pectinatus )

Plant Origin : Southern USA (Texas, New Mexico), Northern Mexico Environment : Arid areas Climate : Hot, warm

Notes :

Respectively known as “Texas Rainbow Hedgehog” and “Arizona Rainbow Hedgehog”, both species (together with other varieties) are collectively known as Rainbow Cactus. The Rainbow Cactus grows faster than the average succulentae. The fruits are rich of sugar and are appreciated by the desert fauna.

Model 1 30 cm green, red needles, dasyacanthus

USA SOUTHWEST

XfrogPlants

USA SOUTHWEST

Model 2 30 cm green, red needles yellow flower dasyacanthus

Model 3 40 cm dark green, light grey needles pectinatus

08. Rainbow Cactus ( Echinocereus dasyacanthus, Echinocereus pectinatus )

Model 4 40 cm dark green, light grey needles, purple flower pectinatus

XfrogPlants

09.

Strawberry Hedgehog

USA SOUTHWEST

( Echinocereus engelmannii )

Plant Origin : USA (Southern California, Arizona), Mexico (Baja California) Environment : Arid areas, full sunlight to light shade Climate : Hot, warm

Notes :

The Strawberry Hedgehog is one of the most common hedgehog cacti in the Southwest of America, but there are many subspecies and some of them are rare. It grows slowly and needs little water. The fruits are edible and they taste like strawberries. They are eaten by birds and rodents.

Model 3 40 cm brown-green grey needles

XfrogPlants

USA SOUTHWEST

Model 2 30 cm green yellow needles

Model 1 25 cm green grey-brown needles

09. Strawberry Hedgehog ( Echinocereus engelmannii )

XfrogPlants

10.

Arizona Barrel Cactus

USA SOUTHWEST

( Ferocactus wislizenii )

Plant Origin : Sonora and Chihuahua deserts (Arizona, New Mexico) Environment : On desert washes, gravely slopes, beneath canyon walls Climate : Hot, warm

Notes :

The Arizona Barrel cactus is part of the Ferocactus genus, whose name means “wild cactus”. These species are always cylindrical or barrel-shaped and amongst the largest cacti of North America. The flowers always grow at the top of the plant. The fruits are fleshy and juicy, but they’re not considered edible.

Model 3 1m green grey needles

XfrogPlants

USA SOUTHWEST

Model 2 2m green grey needles

10. Arizona Barrel Cactus ( Ferocactus wislizenii )

Model 1 1.5 m green grey needles

XfrogPlants

11.

Ocotillo

( Fouqueria splendens )

Plant Origin : Southwest of North America Environment : Arid areas, on rocky slopes and mountain sides Climate : Hot, warm

Notes :

Also known as Candlewood. Although the Ocotillo looks like a cactus, it is not part of the cacti family. It is a drought-deciduous plant, meaning that the stems are leafless in dry times, growing leaves only in the better times. Ocotillo is often used for natural fencing because new plants grow easily by planting single stems.

Model 3 3.5 m green leaf red flower

USA SOUTHWEST

XfrogPlants

USA SOUTHWEST

Model 4 3.5 m green leaf red flower (low poly)

Model 1 3m green leaf

Model 2 3.5 m green leaf

11. Ocotillo ( Fouqueria splendens )

XfrogPlants

12.

Organ Pipe Cactus

( Lemaireocereus thurberi, Stenocereus thurberi )

Plant Origin : Southwest of USA, Northern Mexico Environment : Arid areas Climate : Hot, warm

Notes :

The Organ Pipe Cactus is a large cactus forming a cluster of stems up to 6 m. tall. Several similar species exist in the native regions. Blooming is June through July. The fruit is edible and harvested by native areas people. The fruits can be stewed into jam or candied.

Model 3 4.1 m green Lemaireocereus

USA SOUTHWEST

XfrogPlants

USA SOUTHWEST

Model 1 4m green Lemaireocereus

12. Organ Pipe Cactus ( Lemaireocereus thurberi, Stenocereus thurberi )

Model 2 4.8 m green Lemaireocereus

XfrogPlants

USA SOUTHWEST

Model 4 3.5 m green Stenocereus

Model 5 4.2 m green Stenocereus

12. Organ Pipe Cactus ( Lemaireocereus thurberi, Stenocereus thurberi )

Model 6 3.7 m green Stenocereus

XfrogPlants

13.

Millerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Pincushion

USA SOUTHWEST

( Mammillaria millerii )

Plant Origin : Southwest of USA (Arizona) Environment : Hillsides and bajadas, uplands, often growing on the rocks Climate : Hot, warm

Notes :

Also known as Arizona Fishhook. The stem of Millerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Pincushion is almost completely covered by a layer of radial spines. The flowers appear in May or June, or after summer rains. The small, hooked spines can easily hook into the flesh of animals, as an effective defence.

Model 1 40 m green white-purple flower

XfrogPlants

USA SOUTHWEST

Model 2 50 m green

Model 3 38 m green white-purple flower

13. Millerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Pincushion ( Mammillaria millerii )

XfrogPlants

USA SOUTHWEST

Model 4 40 cm group of cacti

13. Millerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Pincushion ( Mammillaria millerii )

XfrogPlants

14.

Teddy Bear Cholla

( Opuntia bigelovii )

Plant Origin : Southwest USA (California, Arizona, New Mexico), Northern Mexico Environment : Arid areas, on mesas and dry rocky slopes up to 900 m Climate : Hot, warm

Notes :

This Cholla usually grows on a single stem, the sharp spines have a fuzzy appearance when seen from a distance. It grows in full sunlight on dry, rocky slopes. It can form impenetrable barriers and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s therefore useful for natural fencing.

Model 3 1.3 m

USA SOUTHWEST

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USA SOUTHWEST

Model 2 1.4 m Model 1 1.6 m

14. Teddy Bear Cholla ( Opuntia bigelovii )

XfrogPlants

15.

Prickly Pear

( Opuntia engelmannii )

Plant Origin : Southwest of USA (Arizona, California), Northern Mexico Environment : Arid areas, on well-drained, dry soil, from 300 to 1,300 m Climate : Hot, warm

Notes :

The Prickly Pear Cactus is a well diffused plant in the Southwest of North America, growing in the full sun, needing little or no water even for long periods. The fruits are edible and loved by wildlife. The attractive flowers bloom April to May.

Model 3 1.2 m green, orange flower purple pear (group)

USA SOUTHWEST

XfrogPlants

USA SOUTHWEST

Model 2 1.2 m green,orange flower purple pear (group)

15. Prickly Pear ( Opuntia engelmannii )

Model 1 1.1 m green, orange flower purple pear

XfrogPlants

16.

Santa Rita Prickly Pear

( Opuntia engelmannii var. Violacea )

Plant Origin : Sonora desert (Arizona) Environment : Arid areas, on dry rocky slopes Climate : Hot, warm

Notes :

The Santa Rita Prickly Pear is a slow growing cactus of purple colour when young or when drought-stressed, or cold-stressed. At adult age, in normal conditions, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s pads are of a dusty bluegrey colour. The chromatic appeal make of this cactus a popular choice for potting. Flowers (AprilMay) are lemon yellow coloured.

Model 3 1.1 m group, purple

USA SOUTHWEST

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USA SOUTHWEST

Model 2 1.1 m group, purple

Model 1 1.1 m group, purple

16. Santa Rita Prickly Pear ( Opuntia engelmannii var. Violacea )

XfrogPlants

17.

Jumping Cholla

( Opuntia fulgida )

Plant Origin : Southern Arizona, Northern Mexico Environment : Arid areas, in full sunlight, from 300 to 1,000 m. Climate : Hot, warm

Notes :

Also known as “Chainfruit Cholla” or “Hanging Chain Cholla” because of the hanging fruits. The name “jumping” comes from the ease with which the needles detach when brushed, like if they jump onto you. The spines on the older stems are of a darker colour than on the young stems, where they’re of a straw-like colour.

Model 1 2.5 m

USA SOUTHWEST

XfrogPlants

USA SOUTHWEST

Model 2 2m

17. Jumping Cholla ( Opuntia fulgida )

Model 3 1.1 m

XfrogPlants

18.

Pencil Cholla

( Opuntia ramosissima )

Plant Origin : Southwest of USA, Northern Mexico Environment : arid areas, in full sunlight, on sandy very well-drained soil Climate : hot, warm, mild

Notes :

Also known as “Diamond Cholla” or “Branching Pencil”. It blooms in late Spring. The numerous minute spines are easily dislodged at the simple touch, and they get stuck in the skin, where they are difficult to remove. The Pencil Cholla is fairly cold-tolerant.

Model 1 1.6 m

USA SOUTHWEST

XfrogPlants

USA SOUTHWEST

Model 2 1.4 m

18. Pencil Cholla ( Opuntia ramosissima )

Model 3 1.2 m

XfrogPlants

19.

Joshua Tree

( Yucca brevifolia )

Plant Origin : Southwest of USA, Northern Mexico Environment : Arid areas, in full or partial sunlight, on sandy rocky soil Climate : Hot, warm

Notes :

Joshua Tree is a large, erect arboreal plant, usually (but not always) singlestemmed. Branches are erect, either ascending or spreading. Young exemplars are usually not branched while adult ones are forked and dense. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s not easy to tell the age of a Joshua Tree because of the absence of annual rings. The sweet blossoms, the seeds, and the juicy fruits are all edible.

Model 1 9m green leaf

USA SOUTHWEST

XfrogPlants

USA SOUTHWEST

Model 2 6.5 m green leaf Model 3 2.5 m green leaf

19. Joshua Tree ( Yucca brevifolia )

XfrogPlants

20.

Soaptree Yucca

( Yucca elata )

Plant Origin : Southwest of North America Environment : Grasslands, desert areas Climate : Hot, warm

Notes :

The Soaptree Yucca is present in many desert scrub communities and is also an important plant in the semi-desert grasslands. Native Arizonans used to make baskets with the leaves. They also used to eat the blossoms, which are indeed edible. The roots were used to make soap (hence the name of Soaptree).

Model 3 4m (9 with flowers) green leaf white flowers

USA SOUTHWEST

XfrogPlants

USA SOUTHWEST

XfrogPlants

Model 1 3.4 m green leaf

Model 2 3.8 m brown-green leaf

20. Soaptree Yucca ( Yucca elata )

XfrogPlants | USA West

XfrogPlants WEST Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStationformats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:

(with Alpha) (with Alpha)

www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support

XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation

Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler

Jan Heuschele : Modeler

Tany Heider : Rendering

Karin Rudokas : Research and Development

Peter Fantke : Research and Development

Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development

Oliver Deussen : Research and Development

Stewart McSherry : Product Manager

01.

Grand Fir

USA WEST

XfrogPlants

( Abies grandis )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West of North America Environment : Stream bottoms, valleys, mountain slopes Climate : Cool Notes :

Adult 34.5 m

USA WEST

XfrogPlants

Medium 20 m

Young 7m

01. Grand Fir ( Abies grandis )

02.

Subalpine Fir

USA WEST

( Abies lasiocarpa )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West of North America (from Alaska to Washington and Oregon) Environment : Humid forests, from sea level to the mountains Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

The Subalpine Fir is widely diffused and can adapt to different soils, as long as they are well-drained. It is often found growing on soils that are too humid or too dry for other similar species. It prefers lower slopes or plains. It does not grow well in cultivations. The leaves, when crushed, have a strong balsamic scent.

Adult 25 m

XfrogPlants

USA WEST

Medium 14 m

Young 6m

02. Subalpine Fir ( Abies lasiocarpa )

XfrogPlants

03.

Vine Maple

USA WEST

( Acer circinatum )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : West of North America Environment : Stream and river banks, on wet, nitrogen-rich soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

A small tree or shrub, the Vine Maple can grow in the shade and also in open areas. It is one of the first species to establish after a landslide. It is often found near rivers at low or middle altitudes. Native Americans used to build fishing net frames with itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s heavy, resistant wood. Today it is appreciated for the autumn foliage.

Adult 7m

XfrogPlants

USA WEST

XfrogPlants

Young 3.5 m

Medium 4.5 m

03. Vine Maple ( Acer circinatum )

04.

Incense Cedar

USA WEST

( Calocedrus decurrens )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West of North America (California, Oregon) Environment : Mountain forests Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

Adult 27 m

XfrogPlants

USA WEST

XfrogPlants

Medium 18.5 m

Young 7.5 m

04. Incense Cedar ( Calocedrus decurrens )

05.

Monterey Cypress

USA WEST

( Cupressus macrocarpa )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : West Coast of USA (from Oregon to California) Environment : Evergreen coastal forests, in full sunlight Climate : Mild, warm Notes :

Adult 20 m

XfrogPlants

USA WEST

Medium 10.5 m

Young 4.5 m

05. Monterey Cypress ( Cupressus macrocarpa )

XfrogPlants

06.

Oregon Ash

USA WEST

( Fraxinus latifolia )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : West of USA (Northern Washington to Southern California Environment : Rivers and stream banks Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

Sometimes considered just a subspecies of the Green Ash, the Oregon Ash is a tree that loves deep, rich and humid loamy soils, and grows preferably in full sunlight or partial shade. It grows fast and adapts to both temperate warm and temperate cool climates. The wood is highly appreciated for fuel use.

Adult 19 m

XfrogPlants

USA WEST

Medium 11 m

Young 4m

06. Oregon Ash ( Fraxinus latifolia )

XfrogPlants

07.

Little Walnut

USA WEST

( Juglans microcarpa )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : West and Central USA Environment : Along streams and on mountains Climate : Mild Notes :

The name hints at the fact that the nuts of Little Walnut are about half the average size of the other common walnut trees. The tree itself is smaller than most other walnuts. Like most walnut trees, it needs to grow in full sunlight. Although often found along rivers, the Little Walnut is drought tolerant. Also known as Texas Walnut.

Adult 14 m

XfrogPlants

USA WEST

Young 4.5 m

Medium 8m

07. Little Walnut ( Juglans microcarpa )

XfrogPlants

08.

Western Juniper

USA WEST

( Juniperus occidentalis )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : West of USA Environment : Rocky slopes, dry mountain areas Climate : Mild and dry Notes :

The Western Juniper can become a dramatically spectacular tree, because of the red furrowed bark and the gnarled, massive shapes. It is one of the longest living trees on Earth: living exemplars are known that are over 2.000 years old. It is an amazing species because it grow directly out of solid rock!

Adult 15 m

XfrogPlants

USA WEST

Medium 10 m

08. Western Juniper ( Juniperus occidentalis )

Young 5m

XfrogPlants

09.

Western Larch

USA WEST

( Larix occidentalis )

Tree, deciduous conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West of North America (British Columbia to Northern Montana) Environment : Mountains Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

The Western Larch has a very fast growth in native regions. It forms pure Larch forests, especially on firewasted ground, where itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s seeds germinate prolifically. In British Columbia, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s wood is extensively used as building material for both outdoor and indoor uses. The leaves turn golden yellow in September/October, then fall.

Adult 35 m

XfrogPlants

USA WEST

Medium 20 m

Young 8.5 m

09. Western Larch ( Larix occidentalis )

XfrogPlants

10.

Brewer Spruce

USA WEST

( Picea breweriana )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Narrow weeping Origin : West of USA (Northern California, Southern Oregon) Environment : Mountain forests Climate : Temperate Notes :

The native area of the Brewer Spruce is a quite narrow region between California and Oregon. The most identifiable characteristic of this tree are the weeping secondary branches, that give it a unique look very appreciated for urban parks and gardens. When cultivated, the Brewer Spruce does not grow very tall.

Adult 25 m

XfrogPlants

USA WEST

Medium 11 m

Young 5m

10. Brewer Spruce ( Picea breweriana )

XfrogPlants

11.

Engelmann Spruce

USA WEST

( Picea engelmannii )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West of North America Environment : Evergreen mountain forests, at high altitudes Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :

Named after the German botanist Engelmann. Although widely diffused from Central British Columbia and Alberta down to New Mexico and Arizona, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s presence is especially remarkable in the Rocky Mountains forests, often in association with the Subalpine Fir (which is the dominant species). It likes cool and wet habitats.

Adult 25 m

XfrogPlants

USA WEST

Medium 12.5 m

Young 6m

11. Engelmann Spruce ( Picea engelmannii )

XfrogPlants

12.

White Spruce

USA WEST

( Picea glauca )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Canada, North of USA Environment : Forests, in full sunlight, on well-drained, acidic soil Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

Adult 25 m

XfrogPlants

USA WEST

Medium 10 m

Young 6m

12. White Spruce ( Picea glauca )

XfrogPlants

13.

Bristlecone Pine

USA WEST

( Pinus aristata )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Southwest of USA (Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico) Environment : Mountains, at high altitudes (2.300 to 3.650 m.) Climate : Dry, temperate or cool Notes :

The Bristlecone Pine is reputed to be the longest-living tree species, with living exemplars that are known to be 5.600 years old. It grows in full sunlight, on poor, dry, rocky soils, alkaline or acidic. It grows extremely slowly and in spite of the venerable age it can reach, it does not grow tall.

Adult 12.5 m

XfrogPlants

USA WEST

Medium 6.5 m

Young 3m

13. Bristlecone Pine ( Pinus aristata )

XfrogPlants

14.

Pinyon Pine

USA WEST

( Pinus edulis )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Southwest of USA Environment : Woodlands of semi-desert areas, from 250 to 690 m. Climate : Dry or semi-arid, warm Notes :

The Pinyon Pine (New Mexico State tree) is a small, drought-hardy, long-lived tree. It usually grows on rocky plateaus or foothill terraces, but the oldest exemplars are found on steep rocky slopes, where fire occurrence is lower. Often found in mixed stands with junipers and the typical grasses and shrubs of the dry, pre-desert areas.

Adult 11.5 m

XfrogPlants

USA WEST

Medium 7.5 m

Young 5m

14. Pinyon Pine ( Pinus edulis )

XfrogPlants

15.

Balsam Poplar

USA WEST

( Populus balsamifera )

Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Alaska, Canada Environment : Moist forests on flood plains, on rich sandy soil Climate : Mild, warm, in full sunlight, on well-drained soil Notes :

The Balsam Poplar is one of the northernmost trees of America. It grows very fast along river sides and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s highly flood-tolerant. Often found in mixed stands with other Northern species such as Balsam Fir, White Spruce, Black Spruce, Paper Birch, Aspen, Red Maple, Tamarack. The buds have a balsamic resin of medical use.

Adult 26.5 m

XfrogPlants

USA WEST

Medium 14.5 m

Young 8m

15. Balsam Poplar ( Populus balsamifera )

XfrogPlants

16.

Douglas Fir

USA WEST

( Pseudotsuga menziesii )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow columnar Origin : West of North America (from Canada to California) Environment : Mountain humid evergreen forests, on deep, fertile soil Climate : Cool, temperate Notes :

Adult 36 m

XfrogPlants

USA WEST

Medium 20 m

Young 8m

16. Douglas Fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii )

XfrogPlants

17.

Coast Live Oak

USA WEST

( Quercus agrifolia )

Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : California, Baja California Environment : Coast ranges, in full sunlight Climate : Warm, mild Notes :

The Coast Live Oak, a landmark of California coastal landscape, is a drought-resistant and fireresistant evergreen oak. Rarely a tall tree, it often grows in dramatically spectacular shapes. It is a distant relative of a Mediterranean tree, the Holm Oak: both have holly-like evergreen leaves and grow in temperate warm climates.

Adult 21 m

XfrogPlants

USA WEST

Medium 10 m

Young 4.5 m

17. Coast Live Oak ( Quercus agrifolia )

XfrogPlants

18.

Giant Sequoia

USA WEST

( Sequoiadendron giganteum )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : California (Sierra Nevada) Environment : Mountain slopes, on deep, humid soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :

The second longest-living tree species, with exemplars that are almost 4,000 years old, Giant Sequoias, when very old, are still undisputedly the most spectacular trees that man can see. It is cold-tolerant. If planted outside the native area, the Giant Sequoia doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t grow taller than half of itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s potential height.

Adult 56 m

XfrogPlants

USA WEST

Young 14.5 m

Medium 30 m

18. Giant Sequoia ( Sequoiadendron giganteum )

XfrogPlants

19.

Pacific Yew

USA WEST

( Taxus brevifolia )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Coastal regions from British Columbia to Washington Environment : Forests and shady canyons, at low or medium altitudes Climate : Temperate Notes :

The Pacific Yew grows best in the shade of other trees or in shaded places, like coves. It grows on deep soils, both moist/rich or rocky/gravely. It is often found as underwood species in forests of Ponderosa Pine, Giant Fir, and Western Larch. It is a poisonous tree, but it is used to extract Taxol, a very important component for medical compounds.

Adult 10 m

XfrogPlants

USA WEST

Young 4.5 m

Medium 6.5 m

19. Pacific Yew ( Taxus brevifolia )

XfrogPlants

20.

Western Red Cedar

USA WEST

( Thuja plicata )

Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Northwest of North America (from Alaska to California) Environment : Mountains, on fresh soil Climate : Cool, cold Notes :

Adult 30 m

XfrogPlants

USA WEST

Medium 20 m

Young 6m

20. Western Red Cedar ( Thuja plicata )

XfrogPlants

XfrogPlants Volume 1

Index

www.xfrog.com

XfrogPlants Plant Index

XfrogPlants Volume 1

Index See All Xfrog PDFs

Pages 945 - 957 Pages 958 - 970 Pages 971 - 983

Plants listed by common name Plants listed by botanical (latin) name Plants listed by library name

(Jump to section) (Jump to section) (Jump to section)

This PDF contains active hyperlinks. Each underlined plant name or library name will take you right to that page in our online store! XfrogPlants Volume 1 contains these libraries:

Africa

Autumn

Basic

Blossoming

Bonsai

Europe 1

Europe 2

Flowers 1

Flowers 2

Fruit

Groundcover

Houseplants

Japan

Mediterranean

Prehistoric

Red Sea

Shrubs

Tropical

USA Conifers

USA East

USA Southwest

USA West

www.xfrog.com 944

XfrogPlants Plant Index

XfrogPlants Volume 1

Plant index sorted by common name

945

XfrogPlants Plant Index

Plant Index by Common Name: Common Name

Scientific Name

Library

Code

African Boxwood

Myrsine africana

Africa

AF14

African Doum Palm

Hyphaene thebaica

Africa

AF11

African Mahogany

Khaya ivorensis

Africa

AF12

African Violet

Saintpaulia ionantha

Houseplants

HP18

Aleppo Pine

Pinus halepensis

Mediterranean ML12

Alethopteris

Alethopteris serli

Prehistoric

PR01

Almond Tree

Prunus dulcis

Blossoming

BS15

Alpine Laburnum

Laburnum alpinum

Europe 2

EU29

Amaryllis

Hippeastrum ssp.

Flowers 2

FL34

American Beech

Fagus grandifolia

USA East

EA05

American Linden

Tilia americana

USA East

EA19

American Planetree

Platanus occidentalis

USA East

EA13

Amur Corktree

Phellodendron amurense var. Japonica

Japan

JA13

Annual Blue Grass

Poa annua

Groundcover

GC14

Apple

Malus domestica

Fruit

FR09

Apple Tree

Malus domestica

Bonsai

BN12

Apple Tree

Malus domestica

Blossoming

BS07

Apricot

Prunus armeniaca

Fruit

FR13

Apricot Tree

Prunus armeniaca

Bonsai

BN17

Apricot Tree

Prunus armeniaca

Blossoming

BS10

Araucaria

Araucaria sp.

Prehistoric

PR02

Archaeopteris

Archaeopteris sp.

Prehistoric

PR03

Arizona Barrel Cactus

Ferocactus wislizenii

USA Southwest SW10

Aroid Palm

Zamioculcas zamiifolia

Houseplants

HP20

Arrow Poison

Acokanthera venenata / oppositifolia

Africa

AF02

Asparagus Fern

Asparagus plumosus

Houseplants

HP02

Asterophyllites

Asterophyllites equisetiformis

Prehistoric

PR04

Asteroxylon

Asteroxylon mackiei

Prehistoric

PR05

Atlas Cedar

Cedrus atlantica

Mediterranean ML01

Austrian Black Pine

Pinus nigra

Basic

BL12

Austrian Pine

Pinus nigra

Europe 1

EU08

Avocado

Persea americana

Tropical

TR14

Bald Cypress

Taxodium distichum

Autumn

AL18

Bald Cypress

Taxodium distichum

USA East

EA17

Ballerina Epidendrum

Epidendrum ssp.

Houseplants

HP08

946

XfrogPlants Plant Index Balsam Poplar

Populus balsamifera

USA West

WE15

Banana

Musa x paradisiaca

Fruit

FR11

Banana

Musa x paradisiaca

Houseplants

HP16

Banana

Musa x paradisiaca

Tropical

TR13

Baobob

Adansonia digitata

Africa

AF03

Barrel Cactus

Echinocactus acanthodes

USA Southwest SW07

Bell Agapanthus

Agapanthus campanulatus

Flowers 2

FL21

Benjamin Ficus

Ficus benjamina

Houseplants

HP11

Bird Of Paradise

Strelitzia reginae

Flowers 1

FL18

Birds Nest Coral

Seriatopora hystrix

Red Sea

RS17

Bishop Pine

Pinus muricata

USA Conifers

CL13

Bishopâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Cap

Astrophytum myriostigma, Astrophytum ornatum

USA Southwest SW03

Bjuvia

Bjuvia simplex

Prehistoric

PR06

Black Alder

Alnus glutinosa

Europe 1

EU04

Black Poplar

Populus nigra

Europe 1

EU10

Black Spruce

Picea mariana

USA Conifers

CL09

Blackthorn

Prunus spinosa

Fruit

FR17

Blackthorn

Prunus spinosa

Shrubs

SH12

Blazing Star

Liatris spicata

Flowers 2

FL37

Bloodtwig Dogwood

Cornus sanguinea

Shrubs

SH03

Bluegum Eucalyptus

Eucalyptus globulus

Tropical

TR09

Breadfruit Tree

Artocarpus altilis

Tropical

TR03

Brewer Spruce

Picea breweriana

USA West

WE10

Bristlecone Pine

Pinus aristata

USA West

WE13

Broad Leaved Linden

Tilia platyphyllos

Europe 1

EU19

Bushmanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s River Cycad

Encephalartos altensteinii

Africa

AF09

Calamites

Calamites sp. Equisetites ssp.

Prehistoric

PR07

California Nutmeg

Torreja californica

USA Conifers

CL19

California Red Fir

Abies magnifica

USA Conifers

CL03

Canary Date Palm

Phoenix canariensis

Tropical

TR15

Carnation

Dianthus hybridus

Flowers 1

FL06

Carnation Coral

Dendronephthya sp.

Red Sea

RS09

Cashew

Anacardium occidentale

Tropical

TR01

Caucasian Fir

Abies nordmanniana

Europe 2

EU22

Century Cactus

Agave americana, Agave americana var. Marginata

USA Southwest SW01

Cherry Laurel

Prunus laurocerasus

Europe 1

EU12

Cherry Pie

Heliotropium peruvianum

Houseplants

HP14

947

XfrogPlants Plant Index Chinese Persimmon (Kaki)

Diospyros Kaki

Fruit

FR06

Chinese Windmill Palm

Trachycarpus fortunei

Tropical

TR20

Cleavers

Galium aparine

Groundcover

GC09

Coast Live Oak

Quercus agrifolia

USA West

WE17

Coconut Palm

Cocos nucifera

Tropical

TR07

Coffee Tree

Coffea arabica

Tropical

TR08

Colony Siphon Sponge

Siphonochalina siphonella

Red Sea

RS18

Colorado Blue Spruce

Picea pungens var. Glauca

USA Conifers

CL10

Colorado Spruce

Picea pungens

Basic

BL10

Common Ash

Fraxinus excelsior

Europe 1

EU07

Common Hawthorn

Crataegus monogyna

Shrubs

SH05

Common Ivy

Hedera helix ssp. Helix

Houseplants

HP13

Common Juniper

Juniperus communis

Europe 2

EU28

Common Lilac

Syringa vulgaris

Shrubs

SH19

Common Plantain

Plantago maior

Groundcover

GC13

Common Privet

Ligustrum vulgare

Shrubs

SH09

Common Yarrow

Achillea millefolium

Groundcover

GC01

Cordaites

Cordaites angulostriatus

Prehistoric

PR08

Cork Oak

Quercus suber

Mediterranean ML18

Cornelian Cherry Dogwood

Cornus mas

Shrubs

SH02

Cornflower

Centaurea cyanus

Flowers 1

FL03

Cornflower

Centaurea cyanus

Groundcover

GC05

Couch Grass

Elytrigia repens

Groundcover

GC08

Coulter Pine

Pinus coulteri

USA Conifers

CL12

Crack Willow

Salix fragilis

Europe 1

EU16

Crape Myrtle

Lagerstroemia indica

Autumn

AL11

Crape Myrtle

Lagerstroemia indica

Blossoming

BS04

Creeping Buttercup

Ranunculus repens

Groundcover

GC15

Creeping Cinquefoil

Potentilla reptans

Flowers 1

FL15

Croton Petra

Codiaeum variegatum var. Pictum

Houseplants

HP04

Crown of Thorns

Euphorbia milii var. Splendens

Flowers 2

FL28

Crown Of Thorns

Euphorbia milii

Houseplants

HP09

Crown Of Thorns Starfish

Acanthaster planci

Red Sea

RS02

Curved Mushroom Coral

Fungia scruposa

Red Sea

RS13

Cycadeoidea Gigantea

Cycadeoidea gigantea

Prehistoric

PR09

Cyclamen

Cyclamen persicum

Flowers 1

FL05

Daisy

Bellis perennis

Groundcover

GC04

948

XfrogPlants Plant Index Dandelion

Taraxacum officinale

Groundcover

GC17

Date Palm

Phoenix dactylifera

Fruit

FR12

Delphinium

Delphinium elatum

Flowers 2

FL23

Dendrobium Nobile

Dendrobium nobile

Houseplants

HP06

Desert Agave

Agave deserti

USA Southwest SW02

Dicroidium

Dicroidium sp.

Prehistoric

PR10

Dog Rose

Rosa canina

Shrubs

SH13

Douglas Fir

Pseudotsuga menziesii

USA Conifers

CL17

Douglas Fir

Pseudotsuga menziesii

USA West

Dragon Tree

Dracaena draco

Africa

AF08

Dutch Iris

Iris xyphium

Flowers 1

FL11

Eastern Arborvitae

Thuja occidentalis

USA East

EA18

Eastern Hemlock

Tsuga canadensis

USA Conifers

CL20

Eastern Hemlock

Tsuga canadensis

USA East

EA20

Eastern White Pine

Pinus strobus

USA Conifers

CL16

Eastern White Pine

Pinus strobus

USA East

EA12

Egyptian Carissa

Carissa edulis

Africa

AF05

Elderberry

Sambucus nigra

Europe 1

EU17

Elderberry

Sambucus nigra

Shrubs

SH17

Electrode Cactus

Ferocactus histrix

Houseplants

HP10

Engelmann Spruce

Picea engelmannii

USA West

WE11

Engelmann White Spruce

Picea engelmannii var. Glauca

USA Conifers

CL08

English Oak

Quercus robur

Autumn

AL16

English Oak

Quercus robur

Europe 1

EU14

English Yew

Taxus baccata

Basic

BL18

English Yew

Taxus baccata

Europe 1

EU18

European Aspen

Populus tremula

Shrubs

SH10

European Beech

Fagus sylvatica

Autumn

AL07

European Beech

Fagus sylvatica

Basic

BL07

European Beech

Fagus sylvatica

Bonsai

BN06

European Beech

Fagus sylvatica

Europe 2

EU26

European Bird-Cherry

Prunus padus

Shrubs

SH11

European Buckthorn

Frangula alnus

Shrubs

SH08

European Cranberry Bush

Viburnum opulus

Shrubs

SH20

European Hackberry

Celtis australis

Europe 1

EU06

European Larch

Larix decidua

Autumn

AL12

European Larch

Larix decidua

Europe 2

EU30

WE16

949

XfrogPlants Plant Index European Mountain Ash

Sorbus aucuparia

Basic

BL17

European Mountain Ash

Sorbus aucuparia

Europe 2

EU40

European Mountain Ash

Sorbus aucuparia

Shrubs

SH18

European Spindle-Tree

Euonymus europaea

Shrubs

SH06

European Walnut

Juglans regia

Autumn

AL10

Feather Caulerpa

Caulerpa sertularoides

Red Sea

RS07

Field Maple

Acer campestre

Bonsai

BN01

Field Maple

Acer campestre

Europe 1

EU01

Field Poppy

Papaver dubium

Groundcover

GC12

Fig

Ficus carica

Fruit

FR08

Fig Tree

Ficus carica

Bonsai

BN07

Fig Tree

Ficus carica

Shrubs

SH07

Fire Bird

Heliconia stricta

Flowers 1

FL10

Fishbone Fern

Nephrolepis cordifolia

Houseplants

HP17

Flaming Sword

Vriesea splendens

Flowers 1

FL20

Flamingo Lily

Anthurium andraeanum

Flowers 1

FL01

Floristâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Chrysanthemum

Dedranthema x grandiflorum

Flowers 2

FL25

Forest Sandpaper Fig

Ficus exasperata

Africa

AF10

Freesia

Freesia ssp.

Flowers 2

FL31

French Tamarisk

Tamarix gallica

Mediterranean ML20

Garden Sorrel

Rumex acetosa

Groundcover

GC16

Garlic Mustard

Alliaria petiolata

Groundcover

GC02

Gemma Guzmania

Guzmania diss. Gemma

Houseplants

HP12

Geranium

Pelagonium grandiflorum

Flowers 1

FL13

Gerbera

Gerbera jamesonii

Flowers 2

FL32

German Chamomile

Matricaria recutita

Groundcover

GC11

Giant Saguaro

Carnegiea gigantea

USA Southwest SW04

Giant Sea Fan

Annella mollis

Red Sea

Giant Sequoia

Sequoiadendron giganteum

USA West

Ginkgo

Ginkgo biloba

Autumn

AL08

Ginkgo

Ginkgo biloba

Bonsai

BN08

Ginkgo

Ginkgo biloba

Japan

JA07

Gladiolus

Gladiolus communis

Flowers 2

FL33

Glossopteris

Glossopteris sp.

Prehistoric

PR11

Golden Chain

Laburnum anagyroides

Blossoming

BS03

Gooseneck Loosestrife

Lysimachia clethroides

Flowers 2

FL39

Grand Fir

Abies grandis

USA Conifers

CL02

RS04 WE18

950

XfrogPlants Plant Index Grand Fir

Abies grandis

USA West

WE01

Grape Caulerpa

Caulerpa racemosa

Red Sea

RS06

Grapefruit

Citrus paradisi

Fruit

FR04

Greater Celandine

Chelidonium maius

Groundcover

GC06

Grey Birch

Betula populifolia

Basic

BL03

Grey Willow

Salix cinerea

Shrubs

SH15

Groved Mosaic Coral

Favia favus

Red Sea

RS12

Guava

Psidium guayava

Fruit

FR18

Guzmania

Guzmania lingulata

Flowers 1

FL08

Hachiku Bamboo

Phyllostachys nigra var. Henonis

Japan

JA14

Halimeda

Halimeda sp.

Red Sea

RS15

Hazel Tree

Corylus avellana

Europe 2

EU25

Hazel Tree

Corylus avellana

Shrubs

SH04

Herb Robert

Geranium robertianum

Groundcover

GC10

Hinoki False Cypress

Chamaecyparis obtusa

Bonsai

BN04

Hinoki False Cypress

Chamaecyparis obtusa

Japan

JA05

Holly

Ilex aquifolium

Europe 2

EU27

Holm Oak

Quercus ilex

Mediterranean ML17

Honeycomb Coral

Goniastrea edwardsi

Red Sea

RS14

Honeylocust

Gleditsia triacanthos f. Inermis

Autumn

AL09

Hornbeam

Carpinus betulus

Bonsai

BN03

Hornbeam

Carpinus betulus

Europe 1

EU05

Hornbeam

Carpinus betulus

Shrubs

SH01

Horse Chestnut

Aesculus hippocastanum

Autumn

AL05

Horse Chestnut

Aesculus hippocastanum

Basic

BL01

Hundred-Leaved Rose

Rosa centifolia

Shrubs

SH14

Hyacinth

Hyacinthus orientalis

Flowers 2

FL35

Incense Cedar

Calocedrus decurrens

USA Conifers

CL04

Incense Cedar

Calocedrus decurrens

USA West

Italian Cypress

Cupressus sempervirens

Mediterranean ML05

Italian Maple

Acer opalus

Europe 1

Italian Stone Pine

Pinus pinea

Mediterranean ML14

Japanese Cedar

Cryptomeria japonica

Bonsai

BN05

Japanese Cedar

Cryptomeria japonica

Japan

JA06

Japanese Crab Apple

Malus floribunda

Blossoming

BS08

Japanese Hop Hornbeam

Ostrya japonica

Japan

JA12

Japanese Maple

Acer Palmatum

Autumn

AL01

WE04 EU03

951

XfrogPlants Plant Index Japanese Maple

Acer palmatum

Bonsai

BN02

Japanese Maple

Acer palmatum

Japan

JA03

Japanese Medlar

Eriobotrya japonica

Fruit

FR07

Japanese Walnut

Juglans ailantifolia

Japan

JA08

Japanese White Larch

Larix kaempferi

Bonsai

BN11

Japanese White Larch

Larix kaempferi

Japan

JA10

Japanese White Pine

Pinus parviflora

Japan

JA16

Japanese White Plum

Pinus parviflora

Bonsai

BN15

Japanese Zelkova

Zelkova serrata

Bonsai

BN20

Japanese Zelkova

Zelkova serrata

Japan

JA20

Joshua Tree

Yucca brevifolia

USA Southwest SW19

Judas Tree

Cercis siliquastrum

Blossoming

Judas Tree

Cercis siliquastrum

Mediterranean ML03

Jumping Cholla

Opuntia fulgida

USA Southwest SW17

Kaffir Lily

Clivia miniata

Houseplants

HP03

Kalanchoe

Kalanchoe blossfeldiana

Houseplants

HP15

Kanzan Cherry

Prunus serrulata var. Kanzan

Blossoming

BS17

Kanzan Cherry

Prunus serrulata var. Kanzan

Japan

JA17

Katsura Tree

Cercidiphyllum japonicum

Japan

JA04

Kei Apple

Dovyalis caffra / Aberia caffra

Africa

AF07

Kentucky Coffee Tree

Gymnocladus dioicus

USA East

EA06

King Palm

Archontophoenix alexandrae

Tropical

TR02

King Protea

Prothea cynarioides

Flowers 2

FL40

Kousa Dogwood

Cornus kousa

Blossoming

BS02

Koyama Spruce

Picea koyamai

Japan

JA15

Large Bottle Tree

Pachypodium geayi

Africa

AF16

Laurel

Laurus nobilis

Mediterranean ML08

Lawsonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s False Cypress

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana

Basic

Lebanon Cedar

Cedrus libani

Mediterranean ML02

Lemon

Citrus limon

Fruit

Lentisk

Pistacia lentiscus

Mediterranean ML15

Lepidodendron

Lepidodendron aculeatum

Prehistoric

PR12

Lily

Lilium hybridum

Flowers 1

FL12

Lisianthus

Eustoma grandiflorum

Flowers 2

FL30

Little Walnut

Juglans microcarpa

USA West

WE07

Littleleaf Linden

Tilia cordata

Autumn

AL19

Littleleaf Linden

Tilia cordata

Basic

BL20

BS01

BL06 FR03

952

XfrogPlants Plant Index Lodgepole Pine

Pinus contorta

USA Conifers

CL11

Lombardy Poplar

Populus nigra var. Italica

Autumn

AL15

Lombardy Poplar

Populus nigra var. Italica

Basic

BL14

Lombardy Poplar

Populus nigra var. Italica

Europe 1

EU11

London Planetree

Platanus x acerifolia

Autumn

AL14

London Planetree

Platanus x acerifolia

Basic

BL13

Long-Spined Sea Urchin

Diadema setosum

Red Sea

RS10

Low Acropora

Acropora hemprichi

Red Sea

RS03

Macadamia

Macadamia integrifolia

Tropical

TR11

Macrotaeniopteris

Macrotaeniopteris magnifolia

Prehistoric

PR13

Magnificent Anemone

Heteractis magnifica

Red Sea

RS16

Mango

Mangifera indica

Fruit

FR10

Mango Tree

Mangifera indica

Tropical

TR12

Manna Ash

Fraxinus ornus

Mediterranean ML06

Mathaeus Sea Urchin

Echinometra mathaei

Red Sea

RS11

Meadows Cranebill

Geranium pratense

Flowers 1

FL07

Mediterranean Fan Palm

Chamaerops humilis

Mediterranean ML04

Mediterranean Fan Palm

Chamaerops humilis

Tropical

TR05

Medlar

Mespilus germanica

Europe 2

EU31

Mexican Lime

Citrus aurantifolia

Fruit

FR02

Millerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Pincushion

Mammillaria millerii

USA Southwest SW13

Miniature Chusan Palm

Trachycarpus wagnerianus

Houseplants

HP19

Mona Lisa

Aeschynanthus ssp.

Houseplants

HP01

Monterey Cypress

Cupressus macrocarpa

USA Conifers

CL05

Monterey Cypress

Cupressus macrocarpa

USA West

Monterey Pine

Pinus radiata

USA Conifers

CL15

Montpellier Maple

Acer monspessulanum

Europe 1

EU02

Moth Orchid

Phalaenopsis amabilis

Flowers 1

FL14

Mugo Pine

Pinus mugo

Basic

BL11

Mugo Pine

Pinus mugo

Europe 2

EU36

Mugwort

Artemisia vulgaris

Groundcover

GC03

Myrtle

Myrtus communis

Mediterranean ML09

Naked Basket Star

Astroba nuda

Red Sea

RS05

Nikko Fir

Abies homolepis

Japan

JA01

Nikko Maple

Acer nikoense

Japan

JA02

Nipa

Nipa burtinii

Prehistoric

PR14

Nodding Pincushion

Leucospermum nutans

Flowers 2

FL36

WE05

953

XfrogPlants Plant Index Northern Japanese Hemlock

Tsuga diversifolia

Japan

JA19

Norway Maple

Acer platanoides

Autumn

AL02

Norway Spruce

Picea abies

Basic

BL09

Norway Spruce

Picea abies

Europe 2

EU32

Ocotillo

Fouquieria splendens

USA Southwest SW11

Ohio Buckeye

Aesculus glabra

USA East

EA02

Oleander

Nerium oleander

Blossoming

BS09

Oleander

Nerium oleander

Mediterranean ML10

Olive

Olea europaea

Mediterranean ML11

Olive Tree

Olea europaea

Bonsai

BN13

Onychiopsis

Onychiopsis sp.

Prehistoric

PR15

Oregon Ash

Fraxinus latifolia

USA West

WE06

Organ Pipe Cactus

Lemaireocereus thurberi, Stenocereus thurberi

USA Southwest SW12

Oriental Planetree

Platanus orientalis

Europe 2

EU38

Oriental Spruce

Picea orientalis

Europe 2

EU34

Oxeye Daisy

Chrysanthemum leucanthemum

Flowers 1

FL04

Ox-Eye Daisy

Chrysanthemum leucanthemum

Groundcover

GC07

Pachypteris

Pachypteris sp.

Prehistoric

PR16

Pacific Yew

Taxus brevifolia

USA West

WE19

Palmetto

Sabal Palmetto

USA East

EA16

Palmetto

Sabal palmetto

Tropical

TR17

Paloverde

Cercidium floridum

USA Southwest SW05

Pansy

Viola wittrockiana

Flowers 1

FL19

Pansy

Viola spec.

Groundcover

GC20

Papaya

Carica papaya

Fruit

FR01

Papaya

Carica papaya

Tropical

TR04

Paper Birch

Betula papyrifera

USA East

EA03

Peach

Prunus persica

Fruit

FR16

Peach Tree

Prunus persica

Blossoming

BS16

Pear

Pyrus communis

Fruit

FR20

Pear Tree

Pyrus communis

Blossoming

BS20

Pecan

Carya illinoensis

Basic

BL04

Pencil Cholla

Opuntia ramosissima

USA Southwest SW18

Pink Tiger Lily

Lilium lancifolium

Flowers 2

FL38

Pinyon Pine

Pinus edulis

USA West

WE14

Pissardii Chery Plum

Prunus cerasifera var. Pissardii

Blossoming

BS12

Plum

Prunus domestica

Fruit

FR15

954

XfrogPlants Plant Index Plum Tree

Prunus domestica

Blossoming

BS14

Poinsettia

Euphorbia pulcherrima

Flowers 2

FL29

Pomegranate

Punica granatum

Fruit

FR19

Pompon Chrysanthemum

Dedranthema morifolium

Flowers 2

FL24

Ponderosa Pine

Pinus ponderosa

USA Conifers

CL14

Poppy Anemone

Anemone coronaria

Flowers 2

FL22

Prickly Juniper

Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. Macrocarpa

Mediterranean ML07

Prickly Pear

Opuntia engelmannii

USA Southwest SW15

Pulsing Xenia

Xenia umbellata

Red Sea

RS20

Purple Willow

Salix purpurea

Shrubs

SH16

Pyrenean Oak

Quercus pyrenaica

Europe 2

EU39

Queen Palm

Syagrus romanzoffiana

Tropical

TR19

Rainbow Cactus

Echinocereus dasyacanthus, Echinocereus pectinatus USA Southwest SW08

Red Edge Dracaena

Dracaena marginata

Houseplants

HP07

Red Juniper

Juniperus virginiana

USA East

EA07

Red Maple

Acer rubrum

USA East

EA01

Red Oak

Quercus rubra

Autumn

AL17

Red Oak

Quercus rubra

USA East

EA14

Red Sea Fan

Acabaria biserialis

Red Sea

RS01

River Wild Pear

Dombeya kirkii

Africa

AF06

Rose

Rosa spec.

Flowers 1

FL17

Rubber Tree

Ficus elastica

Tropical

TR10

Sago Palm

Cycas revoluta

Houseplants

HP05

Santa Rita Prickly Pear

Opuntia engelmannii var. Violacea

USA Southwest SW16

Sassafras

Sassafras albidum

Basic

BL16

Satsuki Azalea

Rhododendron indicum

Bonsai

BN18

Satsuki Azalea

Rhododendron indicum

Flowers 1

FL16

Saucer Magnolia

Magnolia x soulangeana

Blossoming

BS06

Saucer Magnolia

Magnolia x soulangeana

Japan

JA11

Scarlet Plume

Euphorbia fulgens

Flowers 2

FL27

Scotch Pine

Pinus sylvestris

Bonsai

BN16

Scotch Pine

Pinus sylvestris

Europe 2

EU37

Sea Holly

Eryngium alpinum

Flowers 2

FL26

Sea Pine

Pinus pinaster

Mediterranean ML13

Senegal Date Palm

Phoenix reclinata

Africa

AF17

Serbian Spruce

Picea omorika

Europe 2

EU33

Serviceberry

Amelanchier arborea

Autumn

AL06

955

XfrogPlants Plant Index Sessile Oak

Quercus petraea

Europe 1

EU13

Shagbark Hickory

Carya ovata

Basic

BL05

Sigillaria

Sigillaria scutellata

Prehistoric

PR17

Silver Birch

Betula pendula

Europe 2

EU23

Silver Fir

Abies alba

Europe 2

EU21

Silver Linden

Tilia tomentosa

Europe 1

EU20

Silver Maple

Acer saccharinum

Autumn

AL04

Smooth-leaved Elm

Ulmus minor

Autumn

AL20

Smooth-leaved Elm

Ulmus minor

Bonsai

BN19

Soaptree Yucca

Yucca elata

USA Southwest SW20

Sour Cherry

Prunus cerasus

Blossoming

BS13

Southern Catalpa

Catalpa bignonioides

USA East

EA04

Southern Magnolia

Magnolia grandiflora

Basic

BL08

Southern Magnolia

Magnolia grandiflora

Blossoming

BS05

Southern Magnolia

Magnolia grandiflora

USA East

EA10

Spanish Broom

Spartium junceum

Mediterranean ML19

Staghorn Cholla

Cylindropuntia versicolor

USA Southwest SW06

Staghorn Sumac

Rhus typhina

USA East

EA15

Stinging Nettle

Urtica dioica

Groundcover

GC19

Strawberry Guava

Psidium littorale

Tropical

TR16

Strawberry Hedgehog

Echinocereus engelmannii

USA Southwest SW09

Subalpine Fir

Abies lasiocarpa

USA West

Sugar Cane

Saccharum officinarum

Tropical

TR18

Sunflower

Helianthus annus

Flowers 1

FL09

Sweet Birch

Betula lenta

Basic

BL02

Sweet Cherry

Prunus avium

Fruit

FR14

Sweet Cherry Tree

Prunus avium

Blossoming

BS11

Sweet Chestnut

Castanea sativa

Europe 2

EU24

Sweet Gum

Liquidambar styraciflua

USA East

EA08

Sweet Orange

Citrus sinensis

Fruit

FR05

Sweet Orange Tree

Citrus sinensis

Tropical

TR06

Swiss Stone Pine

Pinus cembra

Europe 2

EU35

Sycamore Maple

Acer pseudoplatanus

Autumn

AL03

Tamarack

Larix laricina

USA Conifers

CL07

Tamarind

Tamarindus indica

Africa

AF20

Teddy Bear Cholla

Opuntia bigelovii

USA Southwest SW14

Temple Juniper

Juniperus rigida

Bonsai

WE02

BN10

956

XfrogPlants Plant Index Temple Juniper

Juniperus rigida

Japan

JA09

Tempskya

Tempskya sp.

Prehistoric

PR18

Tree Aloe

Aloe bainesii / barberae

Africa

AF04

Triangle Palm

Neodypsis decaryi

Africa

AF15

Tube Anemone

Cerianthus sp.

Red Sea

RS08

Tulip Tree

Liriodendron tulipifera

USA East

EA09

Tuliptree

Liriodendron tulipifera

Autumn

AL13

Turkey Oak

Quercus cerris

Mediterranean ML16

Umbrella Acacia

Acacia tortilis

Africa

AF01

Umbrella Magnolia

Magnolia tripetala

USA East

EA11

Vine Maple

Acer circinatum

USA West

WE03

Weeping Higan Cherry

Prunus subhirtella var. Pendula

Blossoming

BS18

Weeping Willow

Salix babylonica

Basic

BL15

Western Juniper

Juniperus occidentalis

Bonsai

BN09

Western Juniper

Juniperus occidentalis

USA Conifers

CL06

Western Juniper

Juniperus occidentalis

USA West

WE08

Western Larch

Larix occidentalis

USA West

WE09

Western Red Cedar

Thuja plicata

Basic

BL19

Western Red Cedar

Thuja plicata

USA Conifers

CL18

Western Red Cedar

Thuja plicata

USA West

WE20

White (Giant) Bird Of Paradise Strelitzia nicolai

Africa

AF19

White Clover

Trifolium repens

Groundcover

GC18

White Fir

Abies concolor

USA Conifers

CL01

White Poplar

Populus alba

Europe 1

EU09

White Spruce

Picea glauca

Bonsai

BN14

White Spruce

Picea glauca

USA West

WE12

White Willow

Salix alba

Europe 1

EU15

Wild peach

Kiggelaria africana

Africa

AF13

Williamsonia

Williamsonia gigas

Prehistoric

PR19

Wollemi Pine

Wollemia nobilis

Prehistoric

PR20

Yellow Scroll Coral

Turbinaria reniformis

Red Sea

RS19

Yellowwood

Podocarpus falcatus

Africa

AF18

Yoshino Cherry

Prunus x yedoensis

Blossoming

BS19

Yoshino Cherry

Prunus x yedoensis

Japan

JA18

Zebra Plant

Aphelandra squarrosa

Flowers 1

FL02

957

XfrogPlants Plant Index

XfrogPlants Volume 1

Plant index sorted by scientific name

958

XfrogPlants Plant Index

Plant Index by Scientific Name: Scientific Name

Common Name

Library

Code

Abies alba

Silver Fir

Europe 2

EU21

Abies concolor

White Fir

USA Conifers

CL01

Abies grandis

Grand Fir

USA Conifers

CL02

Abies grandis

Grand Fir

USA West

Abies homolepis

Nikko Fir

Japan

Abies lasiocarpa

Subalpine Fir

USA West

Abies magnifica

California Red Fir

USA Conifers

CL03

Abies nordmanniana

Caucasian Fir

Europe 2

EU22

Acabaria biserialis

Red Sea Fan

Red Sea

RS01

Acacia tortilis

Umbrella Acacia

Africa

AF01

Acanthaster planci

Crown Of Thorns Starfish

Red Sea

RS02

Acer campestre

Field Maple

Bonsai

BN01

Acer campestre

Field Maple

Europe 1

EU01

Acer circinatum

Vine Maple

USA West

WE03

Acer monspessulanum

Montpellier Maple

Europe 1

EU02

Acer nikoense

Nikko Maple

Japan

JA02

Acer opalus

Italian Maple

Europe 1

EU03

Acer Palmatum

Japanese Maple

Autumn

AL01

Acer palmatum

Japanese Maple

Bonsai

BN02

Acer palmatum

Japanese Maple

Japan

JA03

Acer platanoides

Norway Maple

Autumn

AL02

Acer pseudoplatanus

Sycamore Maple

Autumn

AL03

Acer rubrum

Red Maple

USA East

EA01

Acer saccharinum

Silver Maple

Autumn

AL04

Achillea millefolium

Common Yarrow

Groundcover

GC01

Acokanthera venenata / oppositifolia

Arrow Poison

Africa

AF02

Acropora hemprichi

Low Acropora

Red Sea

RS03

Adansonia digitata

Baobob

Africa

AF03

Aeschynanthus ssp.

Mona Lisa

Houseplants

HP01

Aesculus glabra

Ohio Buckeye

USA East

EA02

Aesculus hippocastanum

Horse Chestnut

Autumn

AL05

Aesculus hippocastanum

Horse Chestnut

Basic

BL01

Agapanthus campanulatus

Bell Agapanthus

Flowers 2

FL21

Agave americana, Agave americana var. Marginata

Century Cactus

USA Southwest SW01

Agave deserti

Desert Agave

USA Southwest SW02

WE01 JA01 WE02

959

XfrogPlants Plant Index Alethopteris serli

Alethopteris

Prehistoric

PR01

Alliaria petiolata

Garlic Mustard

Groundcover

GC02

Alnus glutinosa

Black Alder

Europe 1

EU04

Aloe bainesii / barberae

Tree Aloe

Africa

AF04

Amelanchier arborea

Serviceberry

Autumn

AL06

Anacardium occidentale

Cashew

Tropical

TR01

Anemone coronaria

Poppy Anemone

Flowers 2

FL22

Annella mollis

Giant Sea Fan

Red Sea

RS04

Anthurium andraeanum

Flamingo Lily

Flowers 1

FL01

Aphelandra squarrosa

Zebra Plant

Flowers 1

FL02

Araucaria sp.

Araucaria

Prehistoric

PR02

Archaeopteris sp.

Archaeopteris

Prehistoric

PR03

Archontophoenix alexandrae

King Palm

Tropical

TR02

Artemisia vulgaris

Mugwort

Groundcover

GC03

Artocarpus altilis

Breadfruit Tree

Tropical

TR03

Asparagus plumosus

Asparagus Fern

Houseplants

HP02

Asterophyllites equisetiformis

Asterophyllites

Prehistoric

PR04

Asteroxylon mackiei

Asteroxylon

Prehistoric

PR05

Astroba nuda

Naked Basket Star

Red Sea

RS05

Astrophytum myriostigma, Astrophytum ornatum

Bishopâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Cap

USA Southwest SW03

Bellis perennis

Daisy

Groundcover

GC04

Betula lenta

Sweet Birch

Basic

BL02

Betula papyrifera

Paper Birch

USA East

EA03

Betula pendula

Silver Birch

Europe 2

EU23

Betula populifolia

Grey Birch

Basic

BL03

Bjuvia simplex

Bjuvia

Prehistoric

PR06

Calamites sp. Equisetites ssp.

Calamites

Prehistoric

PR07

Calocedrus decurrens

Incense Cedar

USA Conifers

CL04

Calocedrus decurrens

Incense Cedar

USA West

Carica papaya

Papaya

Fruit

FR01

Carica papaya

Papaya

Tropical

TR04

Carissa edulis

Egyptian Carissa

Africa

AF05

Carnegiea gigantea

Giant Saguaro

USA Southwest SW04

Carpinus betulus

Hornbeam

Bonsai

BN03

Carpinus betulus

Hornbeam

Europe 1

EU05

Carpinus betulus

Hornbeam

Shrubs

SH01

Carya illinoensis

Pecan

Basic

BL04

WE04

960

XfrogPlants Plant Index Carya ovata

Shagbark Hickory

Basic

BL05

Castanea sativa

Sweet Chestnut

Europe 2

EU24

Catalpa bignonioides

Southern Catalpa

USA East

EA04

Caulerpa racemosa

Grape Caulerpa

Red Sea

RS06

Caulerpa sertularoides

Feather Caulerpa

Red Sea

RS07

Cedrus atlantica

Atlas Cedar

Mediterranean

ML01

Cedrus libani

Lebanon Cedar

Mediterranean

ML02

Celtis australis

European Hackberry

Europe 1

EU06

Centaurea cyanus

Cornflower

Flowers 1

FL03

Centaurea cyanus

Cornflower

Groundcover

GC05

Cercidiphyllum japonicum

Katsura Tree

Japan

JA04

Cercidium floridum

Paloverde

USA Southwest SW05

Cercis siliquastrum

Judas Tree

Blossoming

BS01

Cercis siliquastrum

Judas Tree

Mediterranean

ML03

Cerianthus sp.

Tube Anemone

Red Sea

RS08

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana

Lawsonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s False Cypress

Basic

BL06

Chamaecyparis obtusa

Hinoki False Cypress

Bonsai

BN04

Chamaecyparis obtusa

Hinoki False Cypress

Japan

JA05

Chamaerops humilis

Mediterranean Fan Palm

Mediterranean

ML04

Chamaerops humilis

Mediterranean Fan Palm

Tropical

TR05

Chelidonium maius

Greater Celandine

Groundcover

GC06

Chrysanthemum leucanthemum

Oxeye Daisy

Flowers 1

FL04

Chrysanthemum leucanthemum

Ox-Eye Daisy

Groundcover

GC07

Citrus aurantifolia

Mexican Lime

Fruit

FR02

Citrus limon

Lemon

Fruit

FR03

Citrus paradisi

Grapefruit

Fruit

FR04

Citrus sinensis

Sweet Orange

Fruit

FR05

Citrus sinensis

Sweet Orange Tree

Tropical

TR06

Clivia miniata

Kaffir Lily

Houseplants

HP03

Cocos nucifera

Coconut Palm

Tropical

TR07

Codiaeum variegatum var. Pictum

Croton Petra

Houseplants

HP04

Coffea arabica

Coffee Tree

Tropical

TR08

Cordaites angulostriatus

Cordaites

Prehistoric

PR08

Cornus kousa

Kousa Dogwood

Blossoming

BS02

Cornus mas

Cornelian Cherry Dogwood

Shrubs

SH02

Cornus sanguinea

Bloodtwig Dogwood

Shrubs

SH03

Corylus avellana

Hazel Tree

Europe 2

EU25

961

XfrogPlants Plant Index Corylus avellana

Hazel Tree

Shrubs

SH04

Crataegus monogyna

Common Hawthorn

Shrubs

SH05

Cryptomeria japonica

Japanese Cedar

Bonsai

BN05

Cryptomeria japonica

Japanese Cedar

Japan

JA06

Cupressus macrocarpa

Monterey Cypress

USA Conifers

CL05

Cupressus macrocarpa

Monterey Cypress

USA West

WE05

Cupressus sempervirens

Italian Cypress

Mediterranean

ML05

Cycadeoidea gigantea

Cycadeoidea Gigantea

Prehistoric

PR09

Cycas revoluta

Sago Palm

Houseplants

HP05

Cyclamen persicum

Cyclamen

Flowers 1

FL05

Cylindropuntia versicolor

Staghorn Cholla

USA Southwest SW06

Dedranthema morifolium

Pompon Chrysanthemum

Flowers 2

FL24

Dedranthema x grandiflorum

Florist’s Chrysanthemum

Flowers 2

FL25

Delphinium elatum

Delphinium

Flowers 2

FL23

Dendrobium nobile

Dendrobium Nobile

Houseplants

HP06

Dendronephthya sp.

Carnation Coral

Red Sea

RS09

Diadema setosum

Long-Spined Sea Urchin

Red Sea

RS10

Dianthus hybridus

Carnation

Flowers 1

FL06

Dicroidium sp.

Dicroidium

Prehistoric

PR10

Diospyros Kaki

Chinese Persimmon (Kaki)

Fruit

FR06

Dombeya kirkii

River Wild Pear

Africa

AF06

Dovyalis caffra / Aberia caffra

Kei Apple

Africa

AF07

Dracaena draco

Dragon Tree

Africa

AF08

Dracaena marginata

Red Edge Dracaena

Houseplants

HP07

Echinocactus acanthodes

Barrel Cactus

USA Southwest SW07

Echinocereus dasyacanthus, Echinocereus pectinatus

Rainbow Cactus

USA Southwest SW08

Echinocereus engelmannii

Strawberry Hedgehog

USA Southwest SW09

Echinometra mathaei

Mathaeus Sea Urchin

Red Sea

RS11

Elytrigia repens

Couch Grass

Groundcover

GC08

Encephalartos altensteinii

Bushman’s River Cycad

Africa

AF09

Epidendrum ssp.

Ballerina Epidendrum

Houseplants

HP08

Eriobotrya japonica

Japanese Medlar

Fruit

FR07

Eryngium alpinum

Sea Holly

Flowers 2

FL26

Eucalyptus globulus

Bluegum Eucalyptus

Tropical

TR09

Euonymus europaea

European Spindle-Tree

Shrubs

SH06

Euphorbia fulgens

Scarlet Plume

Flowers 2

FL27

Euphorbia milii

Crown Of Thorns

Houseplants

HP09

962

XfrogPlants Plant Index Euphorbia milii var. Splendens

Crown of Thorns

Flowers 2

FL28

Euphorbia pulcherrima

Poinsettia

Flowers 2

FL29

Eustoma grandiflorum

Lisianthus

Flowers 2

FL30

Fagus grandifolia

American Beech

USA East

EA05

Fagus sylvatica

European Beech

Autumn

AL07

Fagus sylvatica

European Beech

Basic

BL07

Fagus sylvatica

European Beech

Bonsai

BN06

Fagus sylvatica

European Beech

Europe 2

EU26

Favia favus

Groved Mosaic Coral

Red Sea

RS12

Ferocactus histrix

Electrode Cactus

Houseplants

HP10

Ferocactus wislizenii

Arizona Barrel Cactus

USA Southwest SW10

Ficus benjamina

Benjamin Ficus

Houseplants

HP11

Ficus carica

Fig

Fruit

FR08

Ficus carica

Fig Tree

Bonsai

BN07

Ficus carica

Fig Tree

Shrubs

SH07

Ficus elastica

Rubber Tree

Tropical

TR10

Ficus exasperata

Forest Sandpaper Fig

Africa

AF10

Fouquieria splendens

Ocotillo

USA Southwest SW11

Frangula alnus

European Buckthorn

Shrubs

SH08

Fraxinus excelsior

Common Ash

Europe 1

EU07

Fraxinus latifolia

Oregon Ash

USA West

WE06

Fraxinus ornus

Manna Ash

Mediterranean

ML06

Freesia ssp.

Freesia

Flowers 2

FL31

Fungia scruposa

Curved Mushroom Coral

Red Sea

RS13

Galium aparine

Cleavers

Groundcover

GC09

Geranium pratense

Meadows Cranebill

Flowers 1

FL07

Geranium robertianum

Herb Robert

Groundcover

GC10

Gerbera jamesonii

Gerbera

Flowers 2

FL32

Ginkgo biloba

Ginkgo

Autumn

AL08

Ginkgo biloba

Ginkgo

Bonsai

BN08

Ginkgo biloba

Ginkgo

Japan

JA07

Gladiolus communis

Gladiolus

Flowers 2

FL33

Gleditsia triacanthos f. Inermis

Honeylocust

Autumn

AL09

Glossopteris sp.

Glossopteris

Prehistoric

PR11

Goniastrea edwardsi

Honeycomb Coral

Red Sea

RS14

Guzmania diss. Gemma

Gemma Guzmania

Houseplants

HP12

Guzmania lingulata

Guzmania

Flowers 1

FL08

963

XfrogPlants Plant Index Gymnocladus dioicus

Kentucky Coffee Tree

USA East

EA06

Halimeda sp.

Halimeda

Red Sea

RS15

Hedera helix ssp. Helix

Common Ivy

Houseplants

HP13

Helianthus annus

Sunflower

Flowers 1

FL09

Heliconia stricta

Fire Bird

Flowers 1

FL10

Heliotropium peruvianum

Cherry Pie

Houseplants

HP14

Heteractis magnifica

Magnificent Anemone

Red Sea

RS16

Hippeastrum ssp.

Amaryllis

Flowers 2

FL34

Hyacinthus orientalis

Hyacinth

Flowers 2

FL35

Hyphaene thebaica

African Doum Palm

Africa

AF11

Ilex aquifolium

Holly

Europe 2

EU27

Iris xyphium

Dutch Iris

Flowers 1

FL11

Juglans ailantifolia

Japanese Walnut

Japan

JA08

Juglans microcarpa

Little Walnut

USA West

Juglans regia

European Walnut

Autumn

AL10

Juniperus communis

Common Juniper

Europe 2

EU28

Juniperus occidentalis

Western Juniper

Bonsai

BN09

Juniperus occidentalis

Western Juniper

USA Conifers

CL06

Juniperus occidentalis

Western Juniper

USA West

WE08

Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. Macrocarpa

Prickly Juniper

Mediterranean

ML07

Juniperus rigida

Temple Juniper

Bonsai

BN10

Juniperus rigida

Temple Juniper

Japan

JA09

Juniperus virginiana

Red Juniper

USA East

EA07

Kalanchoe blossfeldiana

Kalanchoe

Houseplants

HP15

Khaya ivorensis

African Mahogany

Africa

AF12

Kiggelaria africana

Wild peach

Africa

AF13

Laburnum alpinum

Alpine Laburnum

Europe 2

EU29

Laburnum anagyroides

Golden Chain

Blossoming

BS03

Lagerstroemia indica

Crape Myrtle

Autumn

AL11

Lagerstroemia indica

Crape Myrtle

Blossoming

BS04

Larix decidua

European Larch

Autumn

AL12

Larix decidua

European Larch

Europe 2

EU30

Larix kaempferi

Japanese White Larch

Bonsai

BN11

Larix kaempferi

Japanese White Larch

Japan

JA10

Larix laricina

Tamarack

USA Conifers

CL07

Larix occidentalis

Western Larch

USA West

WE09

Laurus nobilis

Laurel

Mediterranean

ML08

WE07

964

XfrogPlants Plant Index Lemaireocereus thurberi, Stenocereus thurberi

Organ Pipe Cactus

USA Southwest SW12

Lepidodendron aculeatum

Lepidodendron

Prehistoric

PR12

Leucospermum nutans

Nodding Pincushion

Flowers 2

FL36

Liatris spicata

Blazing Star

Flowers 2

FL37

Ligustrum vulgare

Common Privet

Shrubs

SH09

Lilium hybridum

Lily

Flowers 1

FL12

Lilium lancifolium

Pink Tiger Lily

Flowers 2

FL38

Liquidambar styraciflua

Sweet Gum

USA East

EA08

Liriodendron tulipifera

Tulip Tree

USA East

EA09

Liriodendron tulipifera

Tuliptree

Autumn

AL13

Lysimachia clethroides

Gooseneck Loosestrife

Flowers 2

FL39

Macadamia integrifolia

Macadamia

Tropical

TR11

Macrotaeniopteris magnifolia

Macrotaeniopteris

Prehistoric

PR13

Magnolia grandiflora

Southern Magnolia

Basic

BL08

Magnolia grandiflora

Southern Magnolia

Blossoming

BS05

Magnolia grandiflora

Southern Magnolia

USA East

EA10

Magnolia tripetala

Umbrella Magnolia

USA East

EA11

Magnolia x soulangeana

Saucer Magnolia

Blossoming

BS06

Magnolia x soulangeana

Saucer Magnolia

Japan

JA11

Malus domestica

Apple

Fruit

FR09

Malus domestica

Apple Tree

Bonsai

BN12

Malus domestica

Apple Tree

Blossoming

BS07

Malus floribunda

Japanese Crab Apple

Blossoming

BS08

Mammillaria millerii

Millerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Pincushion

USA Southwest SW13

Mangifera indica

Mango

Fruit

FR10

Mangifera indica

Mango Tree

Tropical

TR12

Matricaria recutita

German Chamomile

Groundcover

GC11

Mespilus germanica

Medlar

Europe 2

EU31

Musa x paradisiaca

Banana

Fruit

FR11

Musa x paradisiaca

Banana

Houseplants

HP16

Musa x paradisiaca

Banana

Tropical

TR13

Myrsine africana

African Boxwood

Africa

AF14

Myrtus communis

Myrtle

Mediterranean

ML09

Neodypsis decaryi

Triangle Palm

Africa

AF15

Nephrolepis cordifolia

Fishbone Fern

Houseplants

HP17

Nerium oleander

Oleander

Blossoming

BS09

Nerium oleander

Oleander

Mediterranean

ML10

965

XfrogPlants Plant Index Nipa burtinii

Nipa

Prehistoric

PR14

Olea europaea

Olive

Mediterranean

ML11

Olea europaea

Olive Tree

Bonsai

BN13

Onychiopsis sp.

Onychiopsis

Prehistoric

PR15

Opuntia bigelovii

Teddy Bear Cholla

USA Southwest SW14

Opuntia engelmannii

Prickly Pear

USA Southwest SW15

Opuntia engelmannii var. Violacea

Santa Rita Prickly Pear

USA Southwest SW16

Opuntia fulgida

Jumping Cholla

USA Southwest SW17

Opuntia ramosissima

Pencil Cholla

USA Southwest SW18

Ostrya japonica

Japanese Hop Hornbeam

Japan

JA12

Pachypodium geayi

Large Bottle Tree

Africa

AF16

Pachypteris sp.

Pachypteris

Prehistoric

PR16

Papaver dubium

Field Poppy

Groundcover

GC12

Pelagonium grandiflorum

Geranium

Flowers 1

FL13

Persea americana

Avocado

Tropical

TR14

Phalaenopsis amabilis

Moth Orchid

Flowers 1

FL14

Phellodendron amurense var. Japonica

Amur Corktree

Japan

JA13

Phoenix canariensis

Canary Date Palm

Tropical

TR15

Phoenix dactylifera

Date Palm

Fruit

FR12

Phoenix reclinata

Senegal Date Palm

Africa

AF17

Phyllostachys nigra var. Henonis

Hachiku Bamboo

Japan

JA14

Picea abies

Norway Spruce

Basic

BL09

Picea abies

Norway Spruce

Europe 2

EU32

Picea breweriana

Brewer Spruce

USA West

WE10

Picea engelmannii

Engelmann Spruce

USA West

WE11

Picea engelmannii var. Glauca

Engelmann White Spruce

USA Conifers

CL08

Picea glauca

White Spruce

Bonsai

BN14

Picea glauca

White Spruce

USA West

WE12

Picea koyamai

Koyama Spruce

Japan

JA15

Picea mariana

Black Spruce

USA Conifers

CL09

Picea omorika

Serbian Spruce

Europe 2

EU33

Picea orientalis

Oriental Spruce

Europe 2

EU34

Picea pungens

Colorado Spruce

Basic

BL10

Picea pungens var. Glauca

Colorado Blue Spruce

USA Conifers

CL10

Pinus aristata

Bristlecone Pine

USA West

WE13

Pinus cembra

Swiss Stone Pine

Europe 2

EU35

Pinus contorta

Lodgepole Pine

USA Conifers

CL11

966

XfrogPlants Plant Index Pinus coulteri

Coulter Pine

USA Conifers

CL12

Pinus edulis

Pinyon Pine

USA West

WE14

Pinus halepensis

Aleppo Pine

Mediterranean

ML12

Pinus mugo

Mugo Pine

Basic

BL11

Pinus mugo

Mugo Pine

Europe 2

EU36

Pinus muricata

Bishop Pine

USA Conifers

CL13

Pinus nigra

Austrian Black Pine

Basic

BL12

Pinus nigra

Austrian Pine

Europe 1

EU08

Pinus parviflora

Japanese White Pine

Japan

JA16

Pinus parviflora

Japanese White Plum

Bonsai

BN15

Pinus pinaster

Sea Pine

Mediterranean

ML13

Pinus pinea

Italian Stone Pine

Mediterranean

ML14

Pinus ponderosa

Ponderosa Pine

USA Conifers

CL14

Pinus radiata

Monterey Pine

USA Conifers

CL15

Pinus strobus

Eastern White Pine

USA Conifers

CL16

Pinus strobus

Eastern White Pine

USA East

EA12

Pinus sylvestris

Scotch Pine

Bonsai

BN16

Pinus sylvestris

Scotch Pine

Europe 2

EU37

Pistacia lentiscus

Lentisk

Mediterranean

ML15

Plantago maior

Common Plantain

Groundcover

GC13

Platanus occidentalis

American Planetree

USA East

EA13

Platanus orientalis

Oriental Planetree

Europe 2

EU38

Platanus x acerifolia

London Planetree

Autumn

AL14

Platanus x acerifolia

London Planetree

Basic

BL13

Poa annua

Annual Blue Grass

Groundcover

GC14

Podocarpus falcatus

Yellowwood

Africa

AF18

Populus alba

White Poplar

Europe 1

EU09

Populus balsamifera

Balsam Poplar

USA West

WE15

Populus nigra

Black Poplar

Europe 1

EU10

Populus nigra var. Italica

Lombardy Poplar

Autumn

AL15

Populus nigra var. Italica

Lombardy Poplar

Basic

BL14

Populus nigra var. Italica

Lombardy Poplar

Europe 1

EU11

Populus tremula

European Aspen

Shrubs

SH10

Potentilla reptans

Creeping Cinquefoil

Flowers 1

FL15

Prothea cynarioides

King Protea

Flowers 2

FL40

Prunus armeniaca

Apricot

Fruit

FR13

Prunus armeniaca

Apricot Tree

Bonsai

BN17

967

XfrogPlants Plant Index Prunus armeniaca

Apricot Tree

Blossoming

BS10

Prunus avium

Sweet Cherry

Fruit

FR14

Prunus avium

Sweet Cherry Tree

Blossoming

BS11

Prunus cerasifera var. Pissardii

Pissardii Chery Plum

Blossoming

BS12

Prunus cerasus

Sour Cherry

Blossoming

BS13

Prunus domestica

Plum

Fruit

FR15

Prunus domestica

Plum Tree

Blossoming

BS14

Prunus dulcis

Almond Tree

Blossoming

BS15

Prunus laurocerasus

Cherry Laurel

Europe 1

EU12

Prunus padus

European Bird-Cherry

Shrubs

SH11

Prunus persica

Peach

Fruit

FR16

Prunus persica

Peach Tree

Blossoming

BS16

Prunus serrulata var. Kanzan

Kanzan Cherry

Blossoming

BS17

Prunus serrulata var. Kanzan

Kanzan Cherry

Japan

JA17

Prunus spinosa

Blackthorn

Fruit

FR17

Prunus spinosa

Blackthorn

Shrubs

SH12

Prunus subhirtella var. Pendula

Weeping Higan Cherry

Blossoming

BS18

Prunus x yedoensis

Yoshino Cherry

Blossoming

BS19

Prunus x yedoensis

Yoshino Cherry

Japan

JA18

Pseudotsuga menziesii

Douglas Fir

USA Conifers

CL17

Pseudotsuga menziesii

Douglas Fir

USA West

Psidium guayava

Guava

Fruit

FR18

Psidium littorale

Strawberry Guava

Tropical

TR16

Punica granatum

Pomegranate

Fruit

FR19

Pyrus communis

Pear

Fruit

FR20

Pyrus communis

Pear Tree

Blossoming

BS20

Quercus agrifolia

Coast Live Oak

USA West

WE17

Quercus cerris

Turkey Oak

Mediterranean

ML16

Quercus ilex

Holm Oak

Mediterranean

ML17

Quercus petraea

Sessile Oak

Europe 1

EU13

Quercus pyrenaica

Pyrenean Oak

Europe 2

EU39

Quercus robur

English Oak

Autumn

AL16

Quercus robur

English Oak

Europe 1

EU14

Quercus rubra

Red Oak

Autumn

AL17

Quercus rubra

Red Oak

USA East

EA14

Quercus suber

Cork Oak

Mediterranean

ML18

Ranunculus repens

Creeping Buttercup

Groundcover

GC15

WE16

968

XfrogPlants Plant Index Rhododendron indicum

Satsuki Azalea

Bonsai

BN18

Rhododendron indicum

Satsuki Azalea

Flowers 1

FL16

Rhus typhina

Staghorn Sumac

USA East

EA15

Rosa canina

Dog Rose

Shrubs

SH13

Rosa centifolia

Hundred-Leaved Rose

Shrubs

SH14

Rosa spec.

Rose

Flowers 1

FL17

Rumex acetosa

Garden Sorrel

Groundcover

GC16

Sabal Palmetto

Palmetto

USA East

EA16

Sabal palmetto

Palmetto

Tropical

TR17

Saccharum officinarum

Sugar Cane

Tropical

TR18

Saintpaulia ionantha

African Violet

Houseplants

HP18

Salix alba

White Willow

Europe 1

EU15

Salix babylonica

Weeping Willow

Basic

BL15

Salix cinerea

Grey Willow

Shrubs

SH15

Salix fragilis

Crack Willow

Europe 1

EU16

Salix purpurea

Purple Willow

Shrubs

SH16

Sambucus nigra

Elderberry

Europe 1

EU17

Sambucus nigra

Elderberry

Shrubs

SH17

Sassafras albidum

Sassafras

Basic

BL16

Sequoiadendron giganteum

Giant Sequoia

USA West

Seriatopora hystrix

Birds Nest Coral

Red Sea

RS17

Sigillaria scutellata

Sigillaria

Prehistoric

PR17

Siphonochalina siphonella

Colony Siphon Sponge

Red Sea

RS18

Sorbus aucuparia

European Mountain Ash

Basic

BL17

Sorbus aucuparia

European Mountain Ash

Europe 2

EU40

Sorbus aucuparia

European Mountain Ash

Shrubs

SH18

Spartium junceum

Spanish Broom

Mediterranean

ML19

Strelitzia nicolai

White (Giant) Bird Of Paradise Africa

AF19

Strelitzia reginae

Bird Of Paradise

Flowers 1

FL18

Syagrus romanzoffiana

Queen Palm

Tropical

TR19

Syringa vulgaris

Common Lilac

Shrubs

SH19

Tamarindus indica

Tamarind

Africa

AF20

Tamarix gallica

French Tamarisk

Mediterranean

ML20

Taraxacum officinale

Dandelion

Groundcover

GC17

Taxodium distichum

Bald Cypress

Autumn

AL18

Taxodium distichum

Bald Cypress

USA East

EA17

Taxus baccata

English Yew

Basic

BL18

WE18

969

XfrogPlants Plant Index Taxus baccata

English Yew

Europe 1

EU18

Taxus brevifolia

Pacific Yew

USA West

WE19

Tempskya sp.

Tempskya

Prehistoric

PR18

Thuja occidentalis

Eastern Arborvitae

USA East

EA18

Thuja plicata

Western Red Cedar

Basic

BL19

Thuja plicata

Western Red Cedar

USA Conifers

CL18

Thuja plicata

Western Red Cedar

USA West

WE20

Tilia americana

American Linden

USA East

EA19

Tilia cordata

Littleleaf Linden

Autumn

AL19

Tilia cordata

Littleleaf Linden

Basic

BL20

Tilia platyphyllos

Broad Leaved Linden

Europe 1

EU19

Tilia tomentosa

Silver Linden

Europe 1

EU20

Torreja californica

California Nutmeg

USA Conifers

CL19

Trachycarpus fortunei

Chinese Windmill Palm

Tropical

TR20

Trachycarpus wagnerianus

Miniature Chusan Palm

Houseplants

HP19

Trifolium repens

White Clover

Groundcover

GC18

Tsuga canadensis

Eastern Hemlock

USA Conifers

CL20

Tsuga canadensis

Eastern Hemlock

USA East

EA20

Tsuga diversifolia

Northern Japanese Hemlock

Japan

JA19

Turbinaria reniformis

Yellow Scroll Coral

Red Sea

RS19

Ulmus minor

Smooth-leaved Elm

Autumn

AL20

Ulmus minor

Smooth-leaved Elm

Bonsai

BN19

Urtica dioica

Stinging Nettle

Groundcover

GC19

Viburnum opulus

European Cranberry Bush

Shrubs

SH20

Viola spec.

Pansy

Groundcover

GC20

Viola wittrockiana

Pansy

Flowers 1

FL19

Vriesea splendens

Flaming Sword

Flowers 1

FL20

Williamsonia gigas

Williamsonia

Prehistoric

PR19

Wollemia nobilis

Wollemi Pine

Prehistoric

PR20

Xenia umbellata

Pulsing Xenia

Red Sea

RS20

Yucca brevifolia

Joshua Tree

USA Southwest SW19

Yucca elata

Soaptree Yucca

USA Southwest SW20

Zamioculcas zamiifolia

Aroid Palm

Houseplants

HP20

Zelkova serrata

Japanese Zelkova

Bonsai

BN20

Zelkova serrata

Japanese Zelkova

Japan

JA20

970

XfrogPlants Plant Index

XfrogPlants Volume 1

Plant index sorted by library name

971

XfrogPlants Plant Index

Plant Index by Library Name: Library

Common Name

Scientific Name

Code

Africa

African Boxwood

Myrsine africana

AF14

Africa

African Doum Palm

Hyphaene thebaica

AF11

Africa

African Mahogany

Khaya ivorensis

AF12

Africa

Arrow Poison

Acokanthera venenata / oppositifolia

AF02

Africa

Baobob

Adansonia digitata

AF03

Africa

Bushmanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s River Cycad

Encephalartos altensteinii

AF09

Africa

Dragon Tree

Dracaena draco

AF08

Africa

Egyptian Carissa

Carissa edulis

AF05

Africa

Forest Sandpaper Fig

Ficus exasperata

AF10

Africa

Kei Apple

Dovyalis caffra / Aberia caffra

AF07

Africa

Large Bottle Tree

Pachypodium geayi

AF16

Africa

River Wild Pear

Dombeya kirkii

AF06

Africa

Senegal Date Palm

Phoenix reclinata

AF17

Africa

Tamarind

Tamarindus indica

AF20

Africa

Tree Aloe

Aloe bainesii / barberae

AF04

Africa

Triangle Palm

Neodypsis decaryi

AF15

Africa

Umbrella Acacia

Acacia tortilis

AF01

Africa

White (Giant) Bird Of Paradise Strelitzia nicolai

AF19

Africa

Wild peach

Kiggelaria africana

AF13

Africa

Yellowwood

Podocarpus falcatus

AF18

Autumn

Bald Cypress

Taxodium distichum

AL18

Autumn

Crape Myrtle

Lagerstroemia indica

AL11

Autumn

English Oak

Quercus robur

AL16

Autumn

European Beech

Fagus sylvatica

AL07

Autumn

European Larch

Larix decidua

AL12

Autumn

European Walnut

Juglans regia

AL10

Autumn

Ginkgo

Ginkgo biloba

AL08

Autumn

Honeylocust

Gleditsia triacanthos f. Inermis

AL09

Autumn

Horse Chestnut

Aesculus hippocastanum

AL05

Autumn

Japanese Maple

Acer Palmatum

AL01

Autumn

Littleleaf Linden

Tilia cordata

AL19

Autumn

Lombardy Poplar

Populus nigra var. Italica

AL15

Autumn

London Planetree

Platanus x acerifolia

AL14

Autumn

Norway Maple

Acer platanoides

AL02

Autumn

Red Oak

Quercus rubra

AL17

972

XfrogPlants Plant Index Autumn

Serviceberry

Amelanchier arborea

AL06

Autumn

Silver Maple

Acer saccharinum

AL04

Autumn

Smooth-leaved Elm

Ulmus minor

AL20

Autumn

Sycamore Maple

Acer pseudoplatanus

AL03

Autumn

Tuliptree

Liriodendron tulipifera

AL13

Basic

Austrian Black Pine

Pinus nigra

BL12

Basic

Colorado Spruce

Picea pungens

BL10

Basic

English Yew

Taxus baccata

BL18

Basic

European Beech

Fagus sylvatica

BL07

Basic

European Mountain Ash

Sorbus aucuparia

BL17

Basic

Grey Birch

Betula populifolia

BL03

Basic

Horse Chestnut

Aesculus hippocastanum

BL01

Basic

Lawsonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s False Cypress

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana

BL06

Basic

Littleleaf Linden

Tilia cordata

BL20

Basic

Lombardy Poplar

Populus nigra var. Italica

BL14

Basic

London Planetree

Platanus x acerifolia

BL13

Basic

Mugo Pine

Pinus mugo

BL11

Basic

Norway Spruce

Picea abies

BL09

Basic

Pecan

Carya illinoensis

BL04

Basic

Sassafras

Sassafras albidum

BL16

Basic

Shagbark Hickory

Carya ovata

BL05

Basic

Southern Magnolia

Magnolia grandiflora

BL08

Basic

Sweet Birch

Betula lenta

BL02

Basic

Weeping Willow

Salix babylonica

BL15

Basic

Western Red Cedar

Thuja plicata

BL19

Blossoming

Almond Tree

Prunus dulcis

BS15

Blossoming

Apple Tree

Malus domestica

BS07

Blossoming

Apricot Tree

Prunus armeniaca

BS10

Blossoming

Crape Myrtle

Lagerstroemia indica

BS04

Blossoming

Golden Chain

Laburnum anagyroides

BS03

Blossoming

Japanese Crab Apple

Malus floribunda

BS08

Blossoming

Judas Tree

Cercis siliquastrum

BS01

Blossoming

Kanzan Cherry

Prunus serrulata var. Kanzan

BS17

Blossoming

Kousa Dogwood

Cornus kousa

BS02

Blossoming

Oleander

Nerium oleander

BS09

Blossoming

Peach Tree

Prunus persica

BS16

Blossoming

Pear Tree

Pyrus communis

BS20

973

XfrogPlants Plant Index Blossoming

Pissardii Chery Plum

Prunus cerasifera var. Pissardii

BS12

Blossoming

Plum Tree

Prunus domestica

BS14

Blossoming

Saucer Magnolia

Magnolia x soulangeana

BS06

Blossoming

Sour Cherry

Prunus cerasus

BS13

Blossoming

Southern Magnolia

Magnolia grandiflora

BS05

Blossoming

Sweet Cherry Tree

Prunus avium

BS11

Blossoming

Weeping Higan Cherry

Prunus subhirtella var. Pendula

BS18

Blossoming

Yoshino Cherry

Prunus x yedoensis

BS19

Bonsai

Apple Tree

Malus domestica

BN12

Bonsai

Apricot Tree

Prunus armeniaca

BN17

Bonsai

European Beech

Fagus sylvatica

BN06

Bonsai

Field Maple

Acer campestre

BN01

Bonsai

Fig Tree

Ficus carica

BN07

Bonsai

Ginkgo

Ginkgo biloba

BN08

Bonsai

Hinoki False Cypress

Chamaecyparis obtusa

BN04

Bonsai

Hornbeam

Carpinus betulus

BN03

Bonsai

Japanese Cedar

Cryptomeria japonica

BN05

Bonsai

Japanese Maple

Acer palmatum

BN02

Bonsai

Japanese White Larch

Larix kaempferi

BN11

Bonsai

Japanese White Plum

Pinus parviflora

BN15

Bonsai

Japanese Zelkova

Zelkova serrata

BN20

Bonsai

Olive Tree

Olea europaea

BN13

Bonsai

Satsuki Azalea

Rhododendron indicum

BN18

Bonsai

Scotch Pine

Pinus sylvestris

BN16

Bonsai

Smooth-leaved Elm

Ulmus minor

BN19

Bonsai

Temple Juniper

Juniperus rigida

BN10

Bonsai

Western Juniper

Juniperus occidentalis

BN09

Bonsai

White Spruce

Picea glauca

BN14

Europe 1

Austrian Pine

Pinus nigra

EU08

Europe 1

Black Alder

Alnus glutinosa

EU04

Europe 1

Black Poplar

Populus nigra

EU10

Europe 1

Broad Leaved Linden

Tilia platyphyllos

EU19

Europe 1

Cherry Laurel

Prunus laurocerasus

EU12

Europe 1

Common Ash

Fraxinus excelsior

EU07

Europe 1

Crack Willow

Salix fragilis

EU16

Europe 1

Elderberry

Sambucus nigra

EU17

Europe 1

English Oak

Quercus robur

EU14

974

XfrogPlants Plant Index Europe 1

English Yew

Taxus baccata

EU18

Europe 1

European Hackberry

Celtis australis

EU06

Europe 1

Field Maple

Acer campestre

EU01

Europe 1

Hornbeam

Carpinus betulus

EU05

Europe 1

Italian Maple

Acer opalus

EU03

Europe 1

Lombardy Poplar

Populus nigra var. Italica

EU11

Europe 1

Montpellier Maple

Acer monspessulanum

EU02

Europe 1

Sessile Oak

Quercus petraea

EU13

Europe 1

Silver Linden

Tilia tomentosa

EU20

Europe 1

White Poplar

Populus alba

EU09

Europe 1

White Willow

Salix alba

EU15

Europe 2

Alpine Laburnum

Laburnum alpinum

EU29

Europe 2

Caucasian Fir

Abies nordmanniana

EU22

Europe 2

Common Juniper

Juniperus communis

EU28

Europe 2

European Beech

Fagus sylvatica

EU26

Europe 2

European Larch

Larix decidua

EU30

Europe 2

European Mountain Ash

Sorbus aucuparia

EU40

Europe 2

Hazel Tree

Corylus avellana

EU25

Europe 2

Holly

Ilex aquifolium

EU27

Europe 2

Medlar

Mespilus germanica

EU31

Europe 2

Mugo Pine

Pinus mugo

EU36

Europe 2

Norway Spruce

Picea abies

EU32

Europe 2

Oriental Planetree

Platanus orientalis

EU38

Europe 2

Oriental Spruce

Picea orientalis

EU34

Europe 2

Pyrenean Oak

Quercus pyrenaica

EU39

Europe 2

Scotch Pine

Pinus sylvestris

EU37

Europe 2

Serbian Spruce

Picea omorika

EU33

Europe 2

Silver Birch

Betula pendula

EU23

Europe 2

Silver Fir

Abies alba

EU21

Europe 2

Sweet Chestnut

Castanea sativa

EU24

Europe 2

Swiss Stone Pine

Pinus cembra

EU35

Flowers 1

Bird Of Paradise

Strelitzia reginae

FL18

Flowers 1

Carnation

Dianthus hybridus

FL06

Flowers 1

Cornflower

Centaurea cyanus

FL03

Flowers 1

Creeping Cinquefoil

Potentilla reptans

FL15

Flowers 1

Cyclamen

Cyclamen persicum

FL05

Flowers 1

Dutch Iris

Iris xyphium

FL11

975

XfrogPlants Plant Index Flowers 1

Fire Bird

Heliconia stricta

FL10

Flowers 1

Flaming Sword

Vriesea splendens

FL20

Flowers 1

Flamingo Lily

Anthurium andraeanum

FL01

Flowers 1

Geranium

Pelagonium grandiflorum

FL13

Flowers 1

Guzmania

Guzmania lingulata

FL08

Flowers 1

Lily

Lilium hybridum

FL12

Flowers 1

Meadows Cranebill

Geranium pratense

FL07

Flowers 1

Moth Orchid

Phalaenopsis amabilis

FL14

Flowers 1

Oxeye Daisy

Chrysanthemum leucanthemum

FL04

Flowers 1

Pansy

Viola wittrockiana

FL19

Flowers 1

Rose

Rosa spec.

FL17

Flowers 1

Satsuki Azalea

Rhododendron indicum

FL16

Flowers 1

Sunflower

Helianthus annus

FL09

Flowers 1

Zebra Plant

Aphelandra squarrosa

FL02

Flowers 2

Amaryllis

Hippeastrum ssp.

FL34

Flowers 2

Bell Agapanthus

Agapanthus campanulatus

FL21

Flowers 2

Blazing Star

Liatris spicata

FL37

Flowers 2

Crown of Thorns

Euphorbia milii var. Splendens

FL28

Flowers 2

Delphinium

Delphinium elatum

FL23

Flowers 2

Floristâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Chrysanthemum

Dedranthema x grandiflorum

FL25

Flowers 2

Freesia

Freesia ssp.

FL31

Flowers 2

Gerbera

Gerbera jamesonii

FL32

Flowers 2

Gladiolus

Gladiolus communis

FL33

Flowers 2

Gooseneck Loosestrife

Lysimachia clethroides

FL39

Flowers 2

Hyacinth

Hyacinthus orientalis

FL35

Flowers 2

King Protea

Prothea cynarioides

FL40

Flowers 2

Lisianthus

Eustoma grandiflorum

FL30

Flowers 2

Nodding Pincushion

Leucospermum nutans

FL36

Flowers 2

Pink Tiger Lily

Lilium lancifolium

FL38

Flowers 2

Poinsettia

Euphorbia pulcherrima

FL29

Flowers 2

Pompon Chrysanthemum

Dedranthema morifolium

FL24

Flowers 2

Poppy Anemone

Anemone coronaria

FL22

Flowers 2

Scarlet Plume

Euphorbia fulgens

FL27

Flowers 2

Sea Holly

Eryngium alpinum

FL26

Fruit

Apple

Malus domestica

FR09

Fruit

Apricot

Prunus armeniaca

FR13

Fruit

Banana

Musa x paradisiaca

FR11

976

XfrogPlants Plant Index Fruit

Blackthorn

Prunus spinosa

FR17

Fruit

Chinese Persimmon (Kaki)

Diospyros Kaki

FR06

Fruit

Date Palm

Phoenix dactylifera

FR12

Fruit

Fig

Ficus carica

FR08

Fruit

Grapefruit

Citrus paradisi

FR04

Fruit

Guava

Psidium guayava

FR18

Fruit

Japanese Medlar

Eriobotrya japonica

FR07

Fruit

Lemon

Citrus limon

FR03

Fruit

Mango

Mangifera indica

FR10

Fruit

Mexican Lime

Citrus aurantifolia

FR02

Fruit

Papaya

Carica papaya

FR01

Fruit

Peach

Prunus persica

FR16

Fruit

Pear

Pyrus communis

FR20

Fruit

Plum

Prunus domestica

FR15

Fruit

Pomegranate

Punica granatum

FR19

Fruit

Sweet Cherry

Prunus avium

FR14

Fruit

Sweet Orange

Citrus sinensis

FR05

Groundcover

Annual Blue Grass

Poa annua

GC14

Groundcover

Cleavers

Galium aparine

GC09

Groundcover

Common Plantain

Plantago maior

GC13

Groundcover

Common Yarrow

Achillea millefolium

GC01

Groundcover

Cornflower

Centaurea cyanus

GC05

Groundcover

Couch Grass

Elytrigia repens

GC08

Groundcover

Creeping Buttercup

Ranunculus repens

GC15

Groundcover

Daisy

Bellis perennis

GC04

Groundcover

Dandelion

Taraxacum officinale

GC17

Groundcover

Field Poppy

Papaver dubium

GC12

Groundcover

Garden Sorrel

Rumex acetosa

GC16

Groundcover

Garlic Mustard

Alliaria petiolata

GC02

Groundcover

German Chamomile

Matricaria recutita

GC11

Groundcover

Greater Celandine

Chelidonium maius

GC06

Groundcover

Herb Robert

Geranium robertianum

GC10

Groundcover

Mugwort

Artemisia vulgaris

GC03

Groundcover

Ox-Eye Daisy

Chrysanthemum leucanthemum

GC07

Groundcover

Pansy

Viola spec.

GC20

Groundcover

Stinging Nettle

Urtica dioica

GC19

Groundcover

White Clover

Trifolium repens

GC18

977

XfrogPlants Plant Index Houseplants

African Violet

Saintpaulia ionantha

HP18

Houseplants

Aroid Palm

Zamioculcas zamiifolia

HP20

Houseplants

Asparagus Fern

Asparagus plumosus

HP02

Houseplants

Ballerina Epidendrum

Epidendrum ssp.

HP08

Houseplants

Banana

Musa x paradisiaca

HP16

Houseplants

Benjamin Ficus

Ficus benjamina

HP11

Houseplants

Cherry Pie

Heliotropium peruvianum

HP14

Houseplants

Common Ivy

Hedera helix ssp. Helix

HP13

Houseplants

Croton Petra

Codiaeum variegatum var. Pictum

HP04

Houseplants

Crown Of Thorns

Euphorbia milii

HP09

Houseplants

Dendrobium Nobile

Dendrobium nobile

HP06

Houseplants

Electrode Cactus

Ferocactus histrix

HP10

Houseplants

Fishbone Fern

Nephrolepis cordifolia

HP17

Houseplants

Gemma Guzmania

Guzmania diss. Gemma

HP12

Houseplants

Kaffir Lily

Clivia miniata

HP03

Houseplants

Kalanchoe

Kalanchoe blossfeldiana

HP15

Houseplants

Miniature Chusan Palm

Trachycarpus wagnerianus

HP19

Houseplants

Mona Lisa

Aeschynanthus ssp.

HP01

Houseplants

Red Edge Dracaena

Dracaena marginata

HP07

Houseplants

Sago Palm

Cycas revoluta

HP05

Japan

Amur Corktree

Phellodendron amurense var. Japonica

JA13

Japan

Ginkgo

Ginkgo biloba

JA07

Japan

Hachiku Bamboo

Phyllostachys nigra var. Henonis

JA14

Japan

Hinoki False Cypress

Chamaecyparis obtusa

JA05

Japan

Japanese Cedar

Cryptomeria japonica

JA06

Japan

Japanese Hop Hornbeam

Ostrya japonica

JA12

Japan

Japanese Maple

Acer palmatum

JA03

Japan

Japanese Walnut

Juglans ailantifolia

JA08

Japan

Japanese White Larch

Larix kaempferi

JA10

Japan

Japanese White Pine

Pinus parviflora

JA16

Japan

Japanese Zelkova

Zelkova serrata

JA20

Japan

Kanzan Cherry

Prunus serrulata var. Kanzan

JA17

Japan

Katsura Tree

Cercidiphyllum japonicum

JA04

Japan

Koyama Spruce

Picea koyamai

JA15

Japan

Nikko Fir

Abies homolepis

JA01

Japan

Nikko Maple

Acer nikoense

JA02

Japan

Northern Japanese Hemlock

Tsuga diversifolia

JA19

978

XfrogPlants Plant Index Japan

Saucer Magnolia

Magnolia x soulangeana

JA11

Japan

Temple Juniper

Juniperus rigida

JA09

Japan

Yoshino Cherry

Prunus x yedoensis

JA18

Mediterranean Aleppo Pine

Pinus halepensis

ML12

Mediterranean Atlas Cedar

Cedrus atlantica

ML01

Mediterranean Cork Oak

Quercus suber

ML18

Mediterranean French Tamarisk

Tamarix gallica

ML20

Mediterranean Holm Oak

Quercus ilex

ML17

Mediterranean Italian Cypress

Cupressus sempervirens

ML05

Mediterranean Italian Stone Pine

Pinus pinea

ML14

Mediterranean Judas Tree

Cercis siliquastrum

ML03

Mediterranean Laurel

Laurus nobilis

ML08

Mediterranean Lebanon Cedar

Cedrus libani

ML02

Mediterranean Lentisk

Pistacia lentiscus

ML15

Mediterranean Manna Ash

Fraxinus ornus

ML06

Mediterranean Mediterranean Fan Palm

Chamaerops humilis

ML04

Mediterranean Myrtle

Myrtus communis

ML09

Mediterranean Oleander

Nerium oleander

ML10

Mediterranean Olive

Olea europaea

ML11

Mediterranean Prickly Juniper

Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. Macrocarpa

ML07

Mediterranean Sea Pine

Pinus pinaster

ML13

Mediterranean Spanish Broom

Spartium junceum

ML19

Mediterranean Turkey Oak

Quercus cerris

ML16

Prehistoric

Alethopteris

Alethopteris serli

PR01

Prehistoric

Araucaria

Araucaria sp.

PR02

Prehistoric

Archaeopteris

Archaeopteris sp.

PR03

Prehistoric

Asterophyllites

Asterophyllites equisetiformis

PR04

Prehistoric

Asteroxylon

Asteroxylon mackiei

PR05

Prehistoric

Bjuvia

Bjuvia simplex

PR06

Prehistoric

Calamites

Calamites sp. Equisetites ssp.

PR07

Prehistoric

Cordaites

Cordaites angulostriatus

PR08

Prehistoric

Cycadeoidea Gigantea

Cycadeoidea gigantea

PR09

Prehistoric

Dicroidium

Dicroidium sp.

PR10

Prehistoric

Glossopteris

Glossopteris sp.

PR11

Prehistoric

Lepidodendron

Lepidodendron aculeatum

PR12

Prehistoric

Macrotaeniopteris

Macrotaeniopteris magnifolia

PR13

Prehistoric

Nipa

Nipa burtinii

PR14

979

XfrogPlants Plant Index Prehistoric

Onychiopsis

Onychiopsis sp.

PR15

Prehistoric

Pachypteris

Pachypteris sp.

PR16

Prehistoric

Sigillaria

Sigillaria scutellata

PR17

Prehistoric

Tempskya

Tempskya sp.

PR18

Prehistoric

Williamsonia

Williamsonia gigas

PR19

Prehistoric

Wollemi Pine

Wollemia nobilis

PR20

Red Sea

Birds Nest Coral

Seriatopora hystrix

RS17

Red Sea

Carnation Coral

Dendronephthya sp.

RS09

Red Sea

Colony Siphon Sponge

Siphonochalina siphonella

RS18

Red Sea

Crown Of Thorns Starfish

Acanthaster planci

RS02

Red Sea

Curved Mushroom Coral

Fungia scruposa

RS13

Red Sea

Feather Caulerpa

Caulerpa sertularoides

RS07

Red Sea

Giant Sea Fan

Annella mollis

RS04

Red Sea

Grape Caulerpa

Caulerpa racemosa

RS06

Red Sea

Groved Mosaic Coral

Favia favus

RS12

Red Sea

Halimeda

Halimeda sp.

RS15

Red Sea

Honeycomb Coral

Goniastrea edwardsi

RS14

Red Sea

Long-Spined Sea Urchin

Diadema setosum

RS10

Red Sea

Low Acropora

Acropora hemprichi

RS03

Red Sea

Magnificent Anemone

Heteractis magnifica

RS16

Red Sea

Mathaeus Sea Urchin

Echinometra mathaei

RS11

Red Sea

Naked Basket Star

Astroba nuda

RS05

Red Sea

Pulsing Xenia

Xenia umbellata

RS20

Red Sea

Red Sea Fan

Acabaria biserialis

RS01

Red Sea

Tube Anemone

Cerianthus sp.

RS08

Red Sea

Yellow Scroll Coral

Turbinaria reniformis

RS19

Shrubs

Blackthorn

Prunus spinosa

SH12

Shrubs

Bloodtwig Dogwood

Cornus sanguinea

SH03

Shrubs

Common Hawthorn

Crataegus monogyna

SH05

Shrubs

Common Lilac

Syringa vulgaris

SH19

Shrubs

Common Privet

Ligustrum vulgare

SH09

Shrubs

Cornelian Cherry Dogwood

Cornus mas

SH02

Shrubs

Dog Rose

Rosa canina

SH13

Shrubs

Elderberry

Sambucus nigra

SH17

Shrubs

European Aspen

Populus tremula

SH10

Shrubs

European Bird-Cherry

Prunus padus

SH11

Shrubs

European Buckthorn

Frangula alnus

SH08

980

XfrogPlants Plant Index Shrubs

European Cranberry Bush

Viburnum opulus

SH20

Shrubs

European Mountain Ash

Sorbus aucuparia

SH18

Shrubs

European Spindle-Tree

Euonymus europaea

SH06

Shrubs

Fig Tree

Ficus carica

SH07

Shrubs

Grey Willow

Salix cinerea

SH15

Shrubs

Hazel Tree

Corylus avellana

SH04

Shrubs

Hornbeam

Carpinus betulus

SH01

Shrubs

Hundred-Leaved Rose

Rosa centifolia

SH14

Shrubs

Purple Willow

Salix purpurea

SH16

Tropical

Avocado

Persea americana

TR14

Tropical

Banana

Musa x paradisiaca

TR13

Tropical

Bluegum Eucalyptus

Eucalyptus globulus

TR09

Tropical

Breadfruit Tree

Artocarpus altilis

TR03

Tropical

Canary Date Palm

Phoenix canariensis

TR15

Tropical

Cashew

Anacardium occidentale

TR01

Tropical

Chinese Windmill Palm

Trachycarpus fortunei

TR20

Tropical

Coconut Palm

Cocos nucifera

TR07

Tropical

Coffee Tree

Coffea arabica

TR08

Tropical

King Palm

Archontophoenix alexandrae

TR02

Tropical

Macadamia

Macadamia integrifolia

TR11

Tropical

Mango Tree

Mangifera indica

TR12

Tropical

Mediterranean Fan Palm

Chamaerops humilis

TR05

Tropical

Palmetto

Sabal palmetto

TR17

Tropical

Papaya

Carica papaya

TR04

Tropical

Queen Palm

Syagrus romanzoffiana

TR19

Tropical

Rubber Tree

Ficus elastica

TR10

Tropical

Strawberry Guava

Psidium littorale

TR16

Tropical

Sugar Cane

Saccharum officinarum

TR18

Tropical

Sweet Orange Tree

Citrus sinensis

TR06

USA Conifers

Bishop Pine

Pinus muricata

CL13

USA Conifers

Black Spruce

Picea mariana

CL09

USA Conifers

California Nutmeg

Torreja californica

CL19

USA Conifers

California Red Fir

Abies magnifica

CL03

USA Conifers

Colorado Blue Spruce

Picea pungens var. Glauca

CL10

USA Conifers

Coulter Pine

Pinus coulteri

CL12

USA Conifers

Douglas Fir

Pseudotsuga menziesii

CL17

USA Conifers

Eastern Hemlock

Tsuga canadensis

CL20

981

XfrogPlants Plant Index USA Conifers

Eastern White Pine

Pinus strobus

CL16

USA Conifers

Engelmann White Spruce

Picea engelmannii var. Glauca

CL08

USA Conifers

Grand Fir

Abies grandis

CL02

USA Conifers

Incense Cedar

Calocedrus decurrens

CL04

USA Conifers

Lodgepole Pine

Pinus contorta

CL11

USA Conifers

Monterey Cypress

Cupressus macrocarpa

CL05

USA Conifers

Monterey Pine

Pinus radiata

CL15

USA Conifers

Ponderosa Pine

Pinus ponderosa

CL14

USA Conifers

Tamarack

Larix laricina

CL07

USA Conifers

Western Juniper

Juniperus occidentalis

CL06

USA Conifers

Western Red Cedar

Thuja plicata

CL18

USA Conifers

White Fir

Abies concolor

CL01

USA East

American Beech

Fagus grandifolia

EA05

USA East

American Linden

Tilia americana

EA19

USA East

American Planetree

Platanus occidentalis

EA13

USA East

Bald Cypress

Taxodium distichum

EA17

USA East

Eastern Arborvitae

Thuja occidentalis

EA18

USA East

Eastern Hemlock

Tsuga canadensis

EA20

USA East

Eastern White Pine

Pinus strobus

EA12

USA East

Kentucky Coffee Tree

Gymnocladus dioicus

EA06

USA East

Ohio Buckeye

Aesculus glabra

EA02

USA East

Palmetto

Sabal Palmetto

EA16

USA East

Paper Birch

Betula papyrifera

EA03

USA East

Red Juniper

Juniperus virginiana

EA07

USA East

Red Maple

Acer rubrum

EA01

USA East

Red Oak

Quercus rubra

EA14

USA East

Southern Catalpa

Catalpa bignonioides

EA04

USA East

Southern Magnolia

Magnolia grandiflora

EA10

USA East

Staghorn Sumac

Rhus typhina

EA15

USA East

Sweet Gum

Liquidambar styraciflua

EA08

USA East

Tulip Tree

Liriodendron tulipifera

EA09

USA East

Umbrella Magnolia

Magnolia tripetala

EA11

USA Southwest Arizona Barrel Cactus

Ferocactus wislizenii

SW10

USA Southwest Barrel Cactus

Echinocactus acanthodes

SW07

USA Southwest Bishopâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Cap

Astrophytum myriostigma, Astrophytum ornatum

SW03

USA Southwest Century Cactus

Agave americana, Agave americana var. Marginata

SW01

USA Southwest Desert Agave

Agave deserti

SW02

982

XfrogPlants Plant Index USA Southwest Giant Saguaro

Carnegiea gigantea

SW04

USA Southwest Joshua Tree

Yucca brevifolia

SW19

USA Southwest Jumping Cholla

Opuntia fulgida

SW17

USA Southwest Millerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Pincushion

Mammillaria millerii

SW13

USA Southwest Ocotillo

Fouquieria splendens

SW11

USA Southwest Organ Pipe Cactus

Lemaireocereus thurberi, Stenocereus thurberi

SW12

USA Southwest Paloverde

Cercidium floridum

SW05

USA Southwest Pencil Cholla

Opuntia ramosissima

SW18

USA Southwest Prickly Pear

Opuntia engelmannii

SW15

USA Southwest Rainbow Cactus

Echinocereus dasyacanthus, Echinocereus pectinatus

SW08

USA Southwest Santa Rita Prickly Pear

Opuntia engelmannii var. Violacea

SW16

USA Southwest Soaptree Yucca

Yucca elata

SW20

USA Southwest Staghorn Cholla

Cylindropuntia versicolor

SW06

USA Southwest Strawberry Hedgehog

Echinocereus engelmannii

SW09

USA Southwest Teddy Bear Cholla

Opuntia bigelovii

SW14

USA West

Balsam Poplar

Populus balsamifera

WE15

USA West

Brewer Spruce

Picea breweriana

WE10

USA West

Bristlecone Pine

Pinus aristata

WE13

USA West

Coast Live Oak

Quercus agrifolia

WE17

USA West

Douglas Fir

Pseudotsuga menziesii

WE16

USA West

Engelmann Spruce

Picea engelmannii

WE11

USA West

Giant Sequoia

Sequoiadendron giganteum

WE18

USA West

Grand Fir

Abies grandis

WE01

USA West

Incense Cedar

Calocedrus decurrens

WE04

USA West

Little Walnut

Juglans microcarpa

WE07

USA West

Monterey Cypress

Cupressus macrocarpa

WE05

USA West

Oregon Ash

Fraxinus latifolia

WE06

USA West

Pacific Yew

Taxus brevifolia

WE19

USA West

Pinyon Pine

Pinus edulis

WE14

USA West

Subalpine Fir

Abies lasiocarpa

WE02

USA West

Vine Maple

Acer circinatum

WE03

USA West

Western Juniper

Juniperus occidentalis

WE08

USA West

Western Larch

Larix occidentalis

WE09

USA West

Western Red Cedar

Thuja plicata

WE20

USA West

White Spruce

Picea glauca

WE12

983