766220 Yenny xiangli studio air A1 by xiang li

STUDIO AIR 2017, SEMESTER 1, TUTOR STUDENT NAME

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION

PART A CONCEPTUALISATION A.1-DESIGN FURING A.2-DESIGN COMPUTATION A.3-GENERATION A.4-CONCLUSION A.5-LEARNING OUTCOMES A.6 APPENDIX

Introduction My name is Xiang Li, I am currently under the second semester in second yearin the University of Melbourne. I was born in China and I went to Australia for better

Yenny- Xiang Li Bachelor of environments Landscape architecture

university education when I was 18. The reason why I chose this subject is because my obsseion with the parametric geography and I am actually more interested in

digital design and fabrication

architecture than my own major. The process of designing in the parametric ways is really enjoyable to me as well as the rendering. Compared to landscape studio, architectural studio seems provide more opportunities in software and practical skill practices. Taking more architectural studios makes 4

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me loving architecture more.

landscape studio 1

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A.1 DESIGN FUTURING Nowadays, human beings have already reached a vital point, where great population that could make things change. Since design is anthro-directive，

‘The state of the world and the state of design need to be brought together.’1

which means could to be formed and adjusted consciously. The ways of designing should no long be framed by territories and human should think outside the box. In the future, I actually don’t think that environmental sustainability is the only goal our design should achieve. First of all, the future design must be multidisciplinary to achieve its values in many aspects and they even could have various kinds of effects that could transform the world in much better ways . How could our design shape the future world and how could our design tackle common problems that we are facing and also sustain through time? New architectures are shifting to become more environmental and humanized,

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The innovation of this design is not just about sustainable technology or social and ecological values, the designers want to step further to creating spiritually beneficial spaces and reflecting the history and culture at the same

CASE STUDY 1 NANJING ZHENGDAI HYMALAYAS CENTER

time in a modern business centre. They values working with emotions1. By creating the actual natural mountain shape and water scenery, this project seeks to create a spiritual harmony between nature, humanity and meeting urban material needs in a metropolis scale in Nan Jin, which is one of the most historically and culturally significant cities in China. The whole building area is 560,000sqm and is composed of 6 zones. The design is inspired by one of the Chinese typical landscape principle ‘shanshui’ style. The theme of combining modernizing city scape and natural taste strives the idea of futuristic design interacting with nature and humanity at the same time. For the city itself, the design on the site not only preserves traces of the city’s history and but also celebrates the high-tech innovations at the age. The artificial mountain-like towers construct a view of a river valley and the waterways mimic the meandering rivers on the surroundings, the parametric vertical fin shapes on the buildings also simulates flowing waterfalls which bring a sense of fluidity to the area. The permeable glass towers are equipped with vertical sun shading fins as well as rainwater recycling and reservoir systems, which produce subtle and calming interior spaces with adequate light and ventilation, nevertheless, all the water components in the site, including waterfalls, brooks and pools serve to collect and recycle rainwater, achieving both visual and functional uses. The considerations above responds to current environmental issues. The unified, contemplative spaces inside the building offers people with tranquility to confront with high-pressures from urban life. In the desiner team view they do value every single emotional feeling to one single tree, and it’s very challenging to work with nature and the emotional feelings2. 1.”MAD Architects Presents Nanjing Zendai Himalayas Center At Venice”, Designboom | Architecture & Design Magazine, (2017) <https://www. 2 designboom.com/architecture/mad-architects-nanjing-zendai-himalayas-center-venice-biennale-06-05-2014/> 2. Inhabitat, ‘MAD Architects Unveil Mountain-Shaped Nanjing Zendai Himalayas Center, (2017) <http://inhabitat.com/mad-architectsto-present-mountain-shaped-nanjing-zendai-himalayas-center-at-the-14th-venice-architecture-biennale/>

CASE STUDY 2 THREE GARDENS HOUSE IN KUWAIT

shelter for the vegetation from the aggressive Kuwaiti climate.

‘From the architect. the idea started with a question: Are you able to design an outside space that can be used 365 days a year?’

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The first Garden is a wet garden on ground floor, embedded with pool and some fountains and surrounded with the main social area of the house (Fig). This garden mainly allows the users to engaged with this relaxing and peaceful spaces during the hottest summer time.

The ‘three garden house is designed by AGI architects in Kuwait where the city has extreme desert climate. The dwelling is incorporated with 3 gardens in one single and outer-interior space, including patios, gardens and gyms 1 . The design is mainly about taking new strategies to build a space that the adverse wealth has nearly no effects on human or plants activities. It is indeed a challenge in Middle East area and is quite simple compare moderate climate. However, on the horizon of the global scale, as the global warming and environmental issues has been more and more severe over years, the weather around the world are also becoming increasingly unpredictable and correspondingly the area with extreme weather would be more and more as well. What if one day the weather even become critical to human existence and the environment even lose the seasons? This multifunctional house not only opens up but also achieve the idea of ‘how the future houses could be under adverse climate?’ ‘how to combine both indoor and outdoor spaces, seasons and activities together? , as well as ‘ how the space could be used 365 days a year?’ into reality in a very visually-efficient and unified way. 1 “House With Three Gardens By Agi Architects”, Designboom | Architecture & Design Magazine, (2017)<https:// www.designboom.com/architecture/agi-architects-three-gardens-house-kuwait-03-06-2017/>

Another important aspect is the circulation inside building are both vertical and horizontal; -by the fluid way - by creating multiple routes and possibilities for the users to reach the destination in a more or less direct way - by both interior and exterior way3

On other hand, the Summer Garden is situated in the coldest layer 4 with 4 meters below the street level, with the protection of the soil’s thermal mass and the shading by the house volume. To catalyze the evaportranspiration that could refresh the air to upper spaces in the garden, a shallow water pond is installed. The AGI architects classified the external uses based on the periods in one year and the hours of the day to decide what relative activities could be developed to design the garden, such as evening and daytime actions or summer and winter events. 1

The 3 gardens are defined as single outer spaces of the house, but they are visually and physically connected

The third garden, which lies on the roof, is an ideal place in cold days and also hot summer nights. A perforated skin that is made by anodized aluminium covers the winter garden to protect the space from solar radiation and also protect the privacy of the users. The same rooftop skin with the function of sunlight filter has been installed on the gap roof to maintain the privacy and also serves as the

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1.Archdaily, Gallery Of Three Gardens House / Agi Architects - 6(2017) <http://www.archdaily.com/806319/three-gardens-house-agi-architects/58b6a57de58ece9a0300036c-three-gardens-house-agi-architects-photo> 2. House With Three Gardens By Agi Architects”, Designboom | Architecture & Design Magazine, (2017)<https://www.designboom.com/architecture/agi-architects-three-gardens-house-kuwait-03-06-2017/>

A.2 DESIGN COMPUTATION As Kalay stated in Architecture New Media;’ 1 Computers are superb analytical engines which could deal with huge amount of dataset repeatedly and rapidly without arithmetical mistakes ’. The conveniences that computer offers aid our design a lot, initially, from drafting to modeling even simulating the reality situation has become tangible now.

Currently, thinking through the logic of algorithm to the architectural generation in design has been the major trend, which this kind of process could also be described as mathematics interweaving with aesthetic values.

After the emergence of the ‘non-standard design’ which accelerated the processes of popularizing computation and also the applying new technologies into materialization, one typical example is the François Roche of Newterritories, who bring architectural formation into genetic forms. The high-speed development of software technology and the increasing popularity of digital tools in design realm finally brought the parametric design onto the stage of the new century. Although the parametric design is composed by algorithms and been used as a medium of controlling topological relationships in software, it actually has already beyond the traditional ways of thinking of design.

Because of computers’ capability in dealing with figures and the algorithm procedures, modulating and creating of rules and variations and, evaluating the structure and also its high level of variability, it shifts the ways of design in a more convenient ways which made this kind of design becoming preferable for new ideas’ exploring. In addition, it also redefined or created 12

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1.Kalay, Yehuda E， Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press，2004), pp. 5-25

CASE STUDY 1 LOUVRE ABU DHABI

The most outstanding and parametrized part of this museum is the ceiling dome ‘ floating’ above the museum-city , At the plan view, a perfectly radiating and freely perforated woven geometry could be observed. This architectural masterpiece was formally inspired by the traditional Arab Emirates roof and the design seeks to reflect not only the culture, geography, and history of the country but also the modern vision of innovative parametric design taste. The designer meant to create the visual effect of ‘’rays of sunlight passing through date palm fronds in an oasis ’’1. In reality, the projection also creates a cinematic and dreamy effect named as’ rain of light’ which represents various metaphors and might also be provoking to visitors beneath in such

The ceiling dome is a complicated geometric structure with 180 meters in diameter, which is consisted by 7850 unique stars 2 which are repeated and distributed in various sizes on the layer and it is overlapped and rotated by 8 different layers.The amazing ceiling design is largely attributed by computation, to be more specific, the light- based parametric design . 3The geometry structure pattern is shifted from tradition to modern proposal and redefined by parametric logics. On the other hand, the light performances of the project was integrated into the design process because the designer cannot afford to take into account the influence of natural light on human body comfort and energy consumption.

FIGURE 8. THE LIGHTING INTENTION MAP UNDER THE DOME.

For lighting system computation practices1

- preliminary lighting simulation with Buildings’ 3d models

The 3 main goals formatted by the designer, Jean Nouvel,

- the lighting intention map, in order to perform inverse natural lighting simulations

- a rain of light -variation of light levels and the temperatures - comfort is a part of the design. ( Schuler, 2008)

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1. “The Architectural Project - The Louvre Abu Dhabi - AGENCE FRANCE-MUSEUMS”, Agencefrancemuseums.Fr (2017) <http://www.agencefrancemuseums.fr/en/le-louvre-abou-dabi/ le-projet-architectural/> 2.Design Build Network, ”Louvre Abu Dhabi - Art Gallery And Museum”(2017) <http://www.designbuild-network.com/projects/louvre-abu-dhabi/> 3.Archdaily,”In Progress: Louvre Abu Dhabi / Jean Nouvel”, (2017) <http://www.archdaily.com/793182/in-progress-louvre-abu-dhabi-jean-nouvel>

The major problem for materialization of light was to decide the suitable perforation ratio of the dome in order to achieve the suitable level of temperature under the dome for users comfort while also maintaining the ideal lighting effects. An inverse lighting digital model has been built and used in processing the

-inverse natural lighting with the prototype in order to compute the influence of the dome components onto the museum city - computing the dome perforation ratio -for forwarding lighting approach, checking the dome configuration In this term of studies, computation helped the designers to select CONCEPTUALISATION 15 the best script for the most ideal appearence of the ceiling dome.

TOURRE, VINCENT, AND FRANCIS MIGUET, “PAGE 1 A LIGHT-BASED PARAMETRIC DESIGN MODEL THE APPLICATION OF THE INVERSE LIGHTING IN THE DESIGN OF THE LOUVRE ABU DHABI MUSEUM”, (2009) <HTTP://CRESSOUND.GRENOBLE.ARCHI.FR/FICHIER_PDF/LIBRAIRIE_AMBIANCE/A_LIGHT_BASED_PARAMETRIC_DESIGN_MODEL_TOURRE.PDF>

CASE STUDY 2 HAZZA BIN ZAYED STADIUM, AL AIN

This multi-functional stadium with 25,000 seats has been the recognizable landmark of the city. Almost all the Middle East stadia are built in European, temperate climate style, while he designs team, the Pattern, represented their powerful passive and ruled-based innovative parametric design methodology to deal with regional hot and dry climate problem and they valued both the user’s well-being and the visual feeling, at the same time they also wanted to achieve the balance between the technology and the natural world through the design process. The geometry of parasol roof is designed to passively provide shade for the playground. The outer visually valued facade design1, which also acts as the passive cooling facility, is inspired by the rotating fractural geometry of the date palm fronds which reflect the city identity and also the history. The façade design was mostly done by Grasshopper. The façade was initially covered with 480 kinds of panels which ought to be created from each kind of molds. In order to rationalize the panels for the construction, the custom mold algorithm that design team used to adjust the quantity of mold to assembling had been used to reduce the shapes down to 50 kinds.2 The driving parameters of the panel geometries were also modified with the modification of panels. For the further development of the façade, Grasshopper also automatically grouped panels and color coded them in night view. This kind of planning providing enough shading for the users and also promote the air circulation to flow through space. 3

The conceptual design of the stadium was preliminary developed in Grasshopper and Rhino. To ensure the unobstructed but also spectacular sight line for audiences, the grasshopper is also used for analyzing the views and adjusting the seat levels. Grasshoppr was also used in the detailed design analysis for checking structural stability, daylight penetration practices, thermal and solar performance4 to ensure the final version of design was perfectly structured to satisfy both the demands for shading and architectural beauty.

FIg; Archdaily, Gallery Of Three Gardens House / Agi Architects - 6”(2017) <http://www.archdaily.com/806319/ three-gardens-house-agi-architects/58b6a57de58ece9a0 300036c-three-gardens-house-agi-architects-photo>

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1. Archello.Com, ”Pattern Design Ltd. - Project - Hazza Bin Zayed [HBZ] Stadium” (2017)<http://www.archello.com/en/project/interactive-playground-new-hazza-bin-zayed-stadium/2293213> 2.“Archdaily, Gallery Of Three Gardens House / Agi Architects - 6”(2017) <http://www.archdaily.com/806319/three-gardens-house-agi-architects/58b6a57de58ece9a0300036c-three-gardens-house-agi-architects-photo>

fig source : Al Ain”, Mcneel Forum，Hazza Bin Zayed Stadium（2017） <https://discourse.mcneel.com/t/hazza-bin-zayed-stadium-al-ain/18256> [accessed 10 August 2017]

3.Archello.Com, ”Pattern Design Ltd. - Project - Hazza Bin Zayed [HBZ] Stadium” (2017)<http://www.archello.com/en/project/interactive-playground-new-hazza-bin-zayed-stadium/2293213> 4.Al Ain”, Mcneel Forum，Hazza Bin Zayed Stadium（2017） <https://discourse.mcneel.com/t/hazza-bin-zayed-stadium-al-ain/18256>

A.3

COMPOSITON GENERATION Algorithms are the inputs and outputs, are the rules, are the method and techniqques, are the fundamental components to made the systems. However, algorithms now redefine the design process and create new aesthetic ideas In old times, people expressed their ideas by hand-writing scripts. Now, by the means of digital tools whose basics algorithms, people could express ideas in a more realistic and direct way. It was initially a tool to convert the images in our brains into the 3d modelling by using calculations, the whole process is like deconstructing the virtual shapes in to single patameters components in brain and rebuild them in software.

‘ This hasn’t simply trannsformed what we can design -it’s had a huge impact on how we build. ----------------------Mouzhan Majidi ‘

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fig (1) source; Archello.Com, ”Pattern Design Ltd. - Project - Hazza Bin Zayed [HBZ] Stadium” (2017)<http://www.archello.com/en/project/interactive-playground-new-hazza-bin-zayed-stadium/2293213> 2.

With the development of digital tools, the new brainstorms of the ways of design has been gennerated, softwares like grasshopper has various kinds of algorithms batteries are able to give us new inspirations because of its endless functionality . It is very common that changing an input parameter could make huge diffference to the final result, this kind of process evokes human’s curiosity to the logics behind. Then distiling the logics of algorithms open new ways of thinking and eventually camed up with new generation of forms of deisng. there’s still many possibilities that architects could CONCEPTUALISATION 19 fulfill through sufficient understanding of how the algorithms’ work,.

A.3 CASE STUDY 1 BEIJING

Fig source from; .Beijing National Stadium, ”Architectural Influence”(2017 )<https://beijingbirdsnest.wordpress.com/architecture/architechural-influence/>

This is an iconic architecture masterpiece which is designed by Swiss architecture firm, Herxog and de Meuron and is located in the south of the centerpiece Olympic Green. Coming along with the Beijing Olympics Game in 2008, this Stadium is designed and built basically for Beijing Olympic Games 2008 and opened up Chinese’s people’s horizon in modern architecture1. The overall stadium structure is composed of 2 independent parts, the red seating bowl inside, and the outer steel waving facade which is the world’s largest steel construction project2, weighing 42,000tons. The building are always been regarded as the biomimicry architecture of bird’s nest idea metaphor of the ‘great nature’ on the earth to coordinate with the Olympic Green village plan. The deeper intention of the design is to show the co-existent relationships between the Olympic spirit with nature. 2

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The patterns were originated from Chinese-style crazed pottery to reflect the culture and the fundamental structure was mainly developed and optimized by the parametric design software. In order to achieve the optimum design that ensuring the balance between ensuring every audience have good views, creating a good atmosphere and maintaining the elegant appearance of the building, the parametric design software supported the forward details planning in many aspects; helping to work out the best sightlines, the airflow to ensure the good growth of grass, the seismic studies and so on. The of the woven steels seems randomly distributed while the truth proves that the whole structure is designated to be earthquake-resistant and not only every steel was analyzed and followed the rules of the geometry but also the strength of steel girders is been calculated by special

parameter tool1. The calculations were so complicated and enormous so that it is very hard and time-consuming to solve manually. The software could help to make sure all the components are in the right position accurately in fabrication stage. The decisions of this design were mostly dominated by the aids of computation process

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1. Design Build Network,“Beijing National Stadium, ‘The Bird’s Nest’”(2017) <http://www.designbuild-network.com/projects/national_stadium/> 1.Beijing National Stadium, ”Architectural Influence”(2017 )<https://beijingbirdsnest.wordpress.com/architecture/architechural-influence/> 2. Vincent Loy, My blog city ‘Beijing National Stadium”(2017)<https://vincentloy.wordpress.com/2008/12/26/beijing-national-stadium/>

A.3 CASE STUDY 2 BAHÁ’Í TEMPLE OF SOUTH AMERICA

The bahá’í temple of south America, also known as Houses of worship, is designed by Hariri pontarini architects. This sculptural temple is situated on the foothills of the Andes Mountains bordering the cities of Santiago, Chile. This temple represents the last eight continental Temples without any specific iconography and is commissioned by the by the bahá’í community1. This project is an integration of parametric design and affordable materialization technologies. The structural design was fully developed by the CATIA which is an extensible engineering and manufacturing tool that facilitates the production of extremely complex architectural forms and also It uses a hierarchical approach in data organization. Afterward, the decisions of the skin and the structure texture are selected by multiple pratices of rendering. In the parametric process, the Generative Components is also been used to explore alternative shapes variations. GC is a parametric design tool that facilitates the creation and extraction of design concepts through virtual modeling or scripting2. The major design challenge was to create a design that would be welcoming to people with all faith and cultural backgrounds and, at the same, achieving a balance of the conflicts; stillness and movement, simplicity and complexity, intimacy and monumentality, most important, a solid object that could be ‘dissolvied’ in the light.3 As the response, the uses of lights would be an important expression of this architecture. The project was inspired from many sources. The 9 white and luminous wing edges are inspired by the dappled sunshine projected beneath a canopy. The interwoven strands are inspired by the Japanese bamboo basket, as well as the pieces of shattered glass.4

2 3 4

TWEAKING VARIABLES AND SLIDERS GENERATES SEVERAL MODELING

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1. Designboom | Architecture & Design Magazine, “Bahá’Í Temple Of South America By Hariri Pontarini Architects” (2017) <https://www.designboom.com/architecture/hariri-pontarini-architects-bahai-temple-of-south-america-santiago-chile-04-18-2017/> 2.Mark Andrew Cichy , Parametric Design: An Implementation of Bentley Systems Generative Components, UWSpace (2006)<http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2866> 4.

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3. “Hariri Pontarini Architects, Bahá’Í Temple Of South America”(2017 )<http://www.hariripontarini.com/project/bahai-temple-of-south-america/> McKnight, Jenna, “Bahá’Í Temple In Chile By Hariri Pontarini Features Torqued Wings Made Of Steel And Glass”, Dezeen(2017) <https://www.dezeen. com/2017/04/10/bahai-temple-south-america-chile-hariri-pontarini-architects-features-torqued-wings-steel-glass/>

A.4 CONCLUSION Obviously, in terms of precedent studies in this section and the readings. Currently, majority of the architecture design process have to rely on computation process for its convenience in practices and the fabrication process. To me it seems like if you provide the inputs, the algorithm could give you all the possibilties as the feedback. Sometimes I think the algorithm design process is like a mirror to every individual, because the outcome you will have actually depends on your inputs which is also based on your personal understandings to deal with them and it also reflects your preference. In the future, I think it is necessity of them being a main trends, because algorithms are powerful; they incorportes and they are also capable of generates all kinds of rules. 24

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A.5 LEARNING OUTCOMES After the 3 weeks engagement with the subject , a conditioned reflex of thinking about how to gennerate the interesting forms and patterns and distributions in grasshopper has been developed. This breaks my conventional thinking of design ,I tend to attempt various kind of different parameter possibilities. This process allow me to understand the variation and again reinforce my understandings to them. Another very important aspect is that the computation could attribute to both the conceptual and materialization process, in so deep extent, which largely reduced the hidden safety dangers may occur. In addtion, one opposite side of the parametric design is that some incredible deisng could only be a proposal because of the technical probelms. CONCEPTUALISATION 25

A.6 ALGORITHM SKETCH BOOK

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BILIOGRAPHY Archdaily, Gallery Of Three Gardens House / Agi Architects - 6(2017) <http://www.archdaily.com/806319/three-gardenshouse-agi-architects/58b6a57de58ece9a0300036c-three-gardens-house-agi-architects-photo> Archdaily, Gallery Of Three Gardens House / Agi Architects - 6”(2017) <http://www.archdaily.com/806319/threegardens-house-agi-architects/58b6a57de58ece9a0300036c-three-gardens-house-agi-architects-photo> Archdaily,”In Progress: Louvre Abu Dhabi / Jean Nouvel”, (2017) <http://www. archdaily.com/793182/in-progress-louvre-abu-dhabi-jean-nouvel> Archello.Com, ”Pattern Design Ltd. - Project - Hazza Bin Zayed [HBZ] Stadium” (2017)<http://www. archello.com/en/project/interactive-playground-new-hazza-bin-zayed-stadium/2293213> Beijing National Stadium, ”Architectural Influence”(2017 )<https://beijingbirdsnest. wordpress.com/architecture/architechural-influence/> Design Build Network,“Beijing National Stadium, ‘The Bird’s Nest’”(2017) <http:// www.designbuild-network.com/projects/national_stadium/> Design Build Network, ”Louvre Abu Dhabi - Art Gallery And Museum”(2017) <http:// www.designbuild-network.com/projects/louvre-abu-dhabi/> Designboom | Architecture & Design Magazine, “House With Three Gardens By Agi Architects” (2017) <https:// www.designboom.com/architecture/agi-architects-three-gardens-house-kuwait-03-06-2017/> “Hariri Pontarini Architects, Bahá’Í Temple Of South America”(2017 )<http://www.hariripontarini. com/project/bahai-temple-of-south-america/> [accessed 10 August 2017] Inhabitat, ‘MAD Architects Unveil Mountain-Shaped Nanjing Zendai Himalayas Center, (2017) <http://inhabitat.com/madarchitects-to-present-mountain-shaped-nanjing-zendai-himalayas-center-at-the-14th-venice-architecture-biennale/> Kalay, Yehuda E， Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press，2004), pp. 5-25 MAD Architects Presents Nanjing Zendai Himalayas Center At Venice”, Designboom | Architecture & Design Magazine, (2017) <https://www.designboom.com/architecture/mad-architects-nanjing-zendai-himalayas-center-venice-biennale-06-05-2014/> Mark Andrew Cichy , Parametric Design: An Implementation of Bentley Systems Generative Components, UWSpace (2006)<http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2866> McKnight, Jenna, “Bahá’Í Temple In Chile By Hariri Pontarini Features Torqued Wings Made Of Steel And Glass”, Dezeen(2017) <https://www.dezeen.com/2017/04/10/bahai-temple-southamerica-chile-hariri-pontarini-architects-features-torqued-wings-steel-glass/> “The Architectural Project - The Louvre Abu Dhabi - AGENCE FRANCE-MUSEUMS”, AgencefrancemuseumsFr (2017) <http://www.agencefrancemuseums.fr/en/le-louvre-abou-dabi/ le-projet-architectural/> Vincent Loy, My blog city ‘Beijing National Stadium”(2017)<https://vincentloy. wordpress.com/2008/12/26/beijing-national-stadium/>

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