Re-Hershey|
Studio
3
-
Design
Realisation
Report, Spring
S e m e s t e r, 2 0 1 9
Ch a r lo t t e Ly b e r t h J e n s e n SID: 4004042 X i a ox i Tam my Tan SID: 4007590
Abstract|
Sustainability: By reclaiming of old f actor y machine remanent, the project stands from upcycling waste in context to new architectural inventions – machine games rooms, re-speak and revive old stories – that is the history / memories of the old sugar mill and domino club event on top of the new domino center, p r o m o t i n g a s u s t a i n a b l e n e w i d e n t i t y f o r H e r s h e y.
People and Time: Inspired by the creativity and ingenuity of how Cuban adapt, extend and transfor m pr ivate spaces, this project deals with creating a public space that can contain the new proposed i d e n t i t y f o r H e r s h e y, b u t a s a t l e a s t a s i m p o r t a n t a p u b l i c space that ever yone in Her shey can relate to - the sugar mill h i s t o r y. T h e r e i s a l s o a s o c i a l a s p e c t i n i n v i t i n g t h e l o c a l people to be involved in the building process and operation of the project. This initiative could bloom into community and social sustainability over time.
Poetics: The most poetic and conceptual part of the project is to discuss and express architecturally how to create new Her shey identity while g iving honour to the past pr ide. The d e s i g n c o n d e n s e s k e y m o m e n t s o f H e r s h e y ’s l i v e t h a t h a s been mostly enjoyed, being proud of and celebrated into a hybr id building based on existing site conditions of the old clubhouse.
Performance: The perfor mance of the project will be examed on the following topics: machine game rooms in ter ms of ventilation and daylight; how well those game rooms under take the existing building structurally; accessibility and game finding exper ience.
Contents|
Chapter 1:
Introduction to Cuba - Cuban Climate - Cuban Sugar Industry - The Economic “Climate Change”
Chapter 2 :
Introduction to Hershey - Histor y of Hershey - Her shey Now - Mapping Hershey
Chapter 3:
Architecture and People -
Interviews with the Local Project Aim Local Involvement Site Selection
Chapter 4 :
Design Realisation -
Chapter 5 :
Initial Idea Architectural Language of the Old Sugar Mill Architectural Language of the Clubhouse L o g i c R e l a t i o n B e t w e e n t h e Tw o Fir st Proposal: from R6 Precedents and Rethink Defining New Architectural Expression Second Proposal: from Method 2
Final Design Proposal -
Organizing Space with the Rules of Domino Environment and Zoning Reclaiming Machine as the Key Building Mater ial P a t i o Tr a n s f o r m a t i o n i n L o c a l C l i m a t e a n d T i m e Ground Floor Plan 1:200 Roof Floor Plan 1:200 Section A-A 1:100 Section B-B 1:100 Construction Sequence Detail Section 1:50 & 1:20
C h apter 1|
Introduction to Cuba|
C uban Cli mat e
L o c a t e d a t 2 1 ˚ N , 8 0 ˚ W, C u b a i s a c o u n t r y i n t h e nor ther n hemisphere. Hence, on the 21st of June, solar altitude reaches the highest angle at 90˚ m i d d a y. O n t h e 2 1 s t o f D e c e m b e r , s o l a r a l t i t u d e f a i l s t o t h e l o w e s t a t 4 3 ˚ m i d d a y. 1 90% of Cuba terr itory has a tropical savanna climate, according to the Köppen Climate classification. As a result, most areas will exper ience two major seasons - the dr y season and the rainy season. The for mer lasts from November to Apr il and the latter from May to October.2 In the dry season, usually the accumulated amount of rainfalls is under 25mm each month and at the same time dur ing this per iod, large day and night temperature difference is exper ienced. On the other hand, in the rainy season, the accumulated amount of rainfalls almost doubles, while both day and night temperatures would g radually reach a peak in J u l y. 2 Being an island nation, Cuba is constantly under the threat of hurr icanes due to seasonal stor ms. September and October are proven to be the most dangerous months in the rainy season, as the prevailing wind from Nor th- East is obser ved most likely to car r y stor m from the ocean.2
W in d
erat Te m p
Rain
nd ure a
R o se D ia g ra
fa l l
Sun P a th D ia g ra m
Ocea
n C urre
Nor
nt
th
m
Introduction to Cuba|
C uban Sugar I ndu s t r y
Cuba climate ensures a long war m g rowing season with strong solar radiation and adequate cycles of rainfall. All these factors are considered to be the best condition for good sugarcane har vest. There is a f a m o u s s a y i n g i n C u b a , “ s i n a z u c a r n o h a y p a i s ,” which literally translates to “without sugar there i s n o c o u n t r y.” 3 T h i s i s a n e x c e l l e n t s u m m a t i o n o f how pr imar y sugar industr y is to Cuban economy for several centur ies. Due to the outbreak of WWI, the majority of European sugarcane fields were destroyed and the world tur ned ever more to Cuba for its sugar.3 Especially with the supports from American investor s, Cuban sugar production was brought to a state of the ar t level. The advanced technology involved and bioenergy efficiency of sugar production makes many Cuban proud of their reputation for being Sugar Bowl of the world.
Sugarcane R ecep tion
Sludges
Cr ush i ng
B a g a sse
E lec t r i c i t y
P ur i fi c a t i o n
G ua ra p o
E va p o ra t i o n Wa t er
V inasse
Distillation
V i na sse Cr y st a lli z a t i o n
F er ment a t i o n
Cent r i fug a t i o n
D i lut i o n
B r o wn S ug a r R um
White S ug a r
R efi ni ng
D r y i ng
Introduction to Cuba|
The Ec onomi c “Cl i m a t e C h a n ge ”
After Cuban Revolution, the whole sugar industr y was nationalized in 1961. Cuba joined the line of Communist. Despite economic sanctions imposed by the United States, the Cuban sugar industry remained untouched due to the steady trade deal with the Soviet Union.4 However, since 1991 the Soviet Union collapsed, Cuba gradually lost the competition on the global sugar market. In 2002, on the edge of economic reform, the Cuban gover nment made a tough decision to close down 71 and to demolish 61 sugar mills out of 151 mills still existed at the time.4
L eg end : Cent ra l H er sh ey i s t o b e d emo li sh ed One sug a r mi ll i s t o b e d emo li sh ed i n t he r e g io n Mo r e t h a n o ne sug a r mi ll i s t o d emo li sh e d in t he r e g io n
Introduction to Cuba|
The Ec onomi c “Cl i m a t e C h a n ge ”
Closing a sugar mill is traumatic in both human and social ter ms for Cuban. There are 61 communities who are exper iencing that. Hershey is one of them. M a n y ’s l i f e h a d b e e n c o m p l e t e l y c h a n g e d , l i k e a n accident, through no f ault of their own. After centuries in those regions economic and social life was organized around sugar production, when the factor ies were tor n down, intensive emotions per meated the local communities, trauma remains.
C h apter 2|
Introduction to Hershey|
Hi st or y of Her shey
Milton S. Hershey was a successful Amer ican Chocolate magnate. He was a man with g reat vision not only on making sustainable business but also o n e s t a b l i s h i n g s u s t a i n a b l e c o m m u n i t y, w i t h h i s conviction – Business is a matter of human ser vice. He valued the well-being of his worker s at the same time with making profits.⁵ In 1905, Milton S. Her shey built the fir st company t o w n i n H e r s h e y, P e n n s y l v a n i a f o r h i s e m p l o y e e s . I t includes comfortable homes, public transportation system, schools and extensive recreational and cultural opportunities. He turned the place as real home town, a self-sufficient and sustainable c o m m u n i t y. ⁶ In 1916, Milton S. Her shey built a followed model town, where he again practised his believe of providing his worker s in Cuba an autonomous social entity while seeking for steady sugar supply for his g rowing chocolate business in the US. Central Her shey in Cuba was refer red nowadays as Camilo Cienfuegos.⁵ M i l t o n S . H e r s h e y ’s c a n d y b u s i n e s s a c r o s s A m e r i c a and Cuba was booming. He soon purchased two more refineries, Central Rosario in 1920 and Central San Antonio in 1925. The later is now refer red as Bor is Luis Santa Coloma.⁵
Mi lt o n Sn ave ly H e r s he y
H er s he y, Pe n n s yl van ia, U S (1 9 0 5 )
C e n t ral H e r s he y, C u ba (1 9 1 6 )
C e n t ral R o s ar io, C u ba (1 9 2 0 )
C e n t ral San A n t o n io, C u ba (1 9 2 5 )
Introduction to Hershey|
Hi st or y of Her shey
Hershey Cuban railway was the only electr ic powered railway in cuba shuttling between Havana and Matanzas, transpor ting passenger s, as well as raw sugar cane to mill and refined sugar to por ts.⁵ The residential houses for workers and their f amilies spread from the nearest to the f actor y and s o o n t o n o r t h a n d s o u t h a s t h e p o p u l a t i o n g r e w. Central Hershey was the only sugar refinery in Cuba at that time that could process sugar cane from star t to finish by fully automated processes, and it was among the earliest 5 percent to be electr ically powered.⁵ Social life in Her shey was active with local spor ts a n d s h o p s . Wo r k e r s h a d c o m p e t i t i v e s a l a r i e s a n d their children enjoyed education in town.⁶
Introduction to Hershey|
Her shey Now
I t ’s b e e n 1 7 y e a r s , s i n c e t h e s u g a r r e f i n e r y f a c t o r y in Hershey stopped milling, demolition is still on i t s w a y. L i k e e v e r y t h i n g i n C u b a , i t t a k e s t i m e . Without any heals, the trauma of losing income and identity becomes chronic, just as those dismantled m a c h i n e s f r o m t h e f a c t o r y, b e i n g l e f t a b a n d o n e d a n d totally neglected. There are r uins ever ywhere, not only at where the f actor y was. Due to bad pay at new jobs and gover nmental regulations on building mater ial. Many people tend to fix their house to the minimum they could live with. The active social life was no longer there. Many ruined communal b u i l d i n g s h a v e b e c o m e t h e l o c a l ’s s t o n e q u a r r i e s .
Introduction to Hershey|
Mappi ng Her shey
As Hershey is shaped by sugar production, the old sugar mill was situated in the town centre with railways connects the factor y to ports. The residential houses for worker s and their f amilies spread from the nearest to the f actor y and soon to n o r t h a n d s o u t h a s t h e p o p u l a t i o n g r e w. Since the sugar mill has gone, everything is g radually lost. No sugarcanes are being transported t h r o u g h r a i l w a y s n o w. P a s s e n g e r r a i l w a y s e r v i c e t o Matanzas is still running but with only a few trains e a c h d a y. The town is left with a huge area of r uin in the town centre. Only the chimneys and one electr icity facility building is still standing out of the ruined vast of the old f actor y site. Her shey residents now are living on ver y basic ser vices and production, with almost no recreational and public space that is functioning in good condition anymore.
T he Rui n S er vi ce and Production Publ i c S pace Hous ehol d Tra i n S ys tem Agr i cul ture
Z o n in g M ap 1 : 1 0 0 0 0
Introduction to Hershey| A
B
C
Havana
Ma t a nz a s
Tra i n S y st em 1 :1 0 0 0 0
A
B
A. Ter m i nus B. Adm i ni s tra ti on Centre C. Hers hey Stati o n C
Introduction to Hershey| B
A
C
A g r i c ult ur e 1 :1 0 0 0 0
C
A. G ra s s l and B. G ra s s l and C. Far m C
Introduction to Hershey|
H o useh o ld 1 :1 0 0 0 0
A
B
Typi ca l Hous es : A . Wo o d S t r u c t u r e a n d C l a dd i n g w i t h Zi nc Roof B. B r i c k Structure with Wood Cladd ing and Zi nc Roof C. M a s o n r y S t r u c t u r e w i t h S t o n e T i l e s C l addi ng and T i le R oof C
Introduction to Hershey| A
B
C
P ubli c S p a c e 1 :1 0 0 0 0
A
B
M a j or M eeti ng Points: A. A S m a l l Pa rk A cross th e Ch urc h B. C om m on S eating A rea in th e Sh ade C. Steel S hi el d C
Introduction to Hershey| A
C
B
D
E
F
G
H
K
I
L
J
M
S er v i c e a nd P r o d uc t i o n 1 :1 0 0 0 0
F
T he Ex i s ti ng: A. Ki ndergar ten B. C hurc h
D
C. Pr i m a r y/S econd ar y Sc h ool D. C i nem a E. B ox i ng C l ub F. Shop G. B a ker y H. Store I. C ar Repa i r Sh op J. C anned Vegeta ble Factor y K. Li b ra r y L. Proces s ed Vegetable Factor y M . C era m i c T i l e Factor y M
Introduction to Hershey| A
B
C
D
E
G
F
H
J
I
K
R ui n 1 :1 0 0 0 0
B
The Ruined Commercial and Recrea ti ona l Tow n Center:
I
A. B as eb a l l Fi el d B. S c hool C. Dom i no C l ub House D. O pen Stage E. Wa ter B a s i n F. Suga r M i l l Factor y G. Wa ter cool i ng facility H. Tank I. T hea ter J. Hotel K. G ol f C l ub K
C h apter 3|
A rc h i t e c t u re a n d Pe o p l e |
I nter vi ews wi t h th e Lo c a l
Through talks with the local, three local problems were defined:
Losing Indentity
Losing Public Space and Activities
Losing Productivity and Income
"Hershey
as
a whole should be regarded a c o m m u n i t y c o m p l e x .” “ We h a d c o m f o r t a b l e a c c o m m o d a t i o n s , g o o d healthcare, schools, shops, a baseball field, a golf course, spor ts clubs and localized sugar festivals. Now Her shey has no local recreational space and activities that ever yone in the town could be in and e n j o y t o g e t h e r .”
“Although the f actor y is no longer, we still want to d e f i n e o u r s e l v e s a s H e r s h e y p e o p l e . I t ’s n o t a b o u t t h e p r o d u c t i o n a n y m o r e , i t ’s a b o u t t h e m e m o r y a t t a c h e d t o t h e p l a c e .” “ I n o r d e r t o p a s s o n t h e m e m o r y, w e t e l l o l d s t o r i e s to the young, and I also tr ied to ar range those a c t i v i t i e s i n o u r l i b r a r y.” “I miss the days when ever yone worked in the sugar mill and enjoyed leisure time together in town after work. Kids could go to school near to the f actor y and r unning around the f actor y while w a i t i n g t h e m g o i n g b a c k h o m e t o g e t h e r .”
"Now more and more young people are leaving Hershey for jobs, as Hershey loses its local employment ability after the Sugar Mill closed."
A rc h i t e c t u re a n d Pe o p l e |
I nter vi ews wi t h th e Lo c a l
Through talks with the local, three local problems were defined:
Losing Indentity
Losing Public Space and Activities
Losing Productivity and Income
“ I w a n t t o s e e m o r e l i f e i n H e r s h e y. All recreational spaces we had before are almost d e s t roye d , t h e g o l f c l u b, t h e t h e a t re, t h e b a s e b a l l field…and the clubhouse located at across street of the old sugar mill, where people used to play d o m i n o g a m e a n d b u y a d r i n k h e r e a f t e r w o r k .”
“All my f amilies worked in the f actor y before. I was an electr ical eng ineer. After the f actor y closed, I f o u n d a j o b o n a c r u i s e s h i p. L i f e i s t o u g h o n t h e s e a .” “ M y m o t h e r f o u n d a j o b i n A m e r i c a . S h e ’s b e e n sending money back to us. It helps a lot. My parents a r e s t i l l m a r r i e d , b u t i t ’s b e e n y e a r s , t h e y h a v e n o choice but to be separated. T h i s i s l i f e i n H e r s h e y n o w, a t l e a s t o n e m e m b e r f r o m t h e f a m i l y h a s t o s a c r i f i c e t o f e e d t h e o t h e r s .”
“When the sugar mill fell apar t, ever ything was g r a d u a l l y l o s t .” “If we cannot make sugar, which was the pr ide of us, then that should be something good for Hershey p e o p l e a n d f o r C u b a .”
A rc h i t e c t u re a n d Pe o p l e | P ro j e c t Aim
The aim of the project is to answer the question of what Hershey could be today when the sugar mill has been shut down. The local people express a struggle with this theme because ever y single one in the town has such a strong affiliation to the demolished sugar mill. How can we help the local p e o p l e t o c r e a t e a n e w i d e n t i t y, if they struggle to let go of their past? The new domino center is not only a new identity but also to create a new public space in the center of Her shey for people to gather. Upcycling the old industrial elements as the main building material can help honour the past and heal the trauma of losing.
Hershey
N ew D o ni mo Cet er fo r C u ba
As par t of the design scheme, each year Her shey will hold a national domino tournament and celebrate f o r t h e c h a m p i o n s h i p, a n d f o r t h e rest of the year, the clubhouse will running as a drinking lounge for local gathering and experimenting sugarcane drinks. With time, Her shey could develop their own sugarcane juice lab exporting sugarcane dr ink recipes. I n H o no r o f t h e Pas t
New Public Space
A l l Ye a r R o u n d S u g a r c a n e J u i c e / A lc o h o l D r i nk i ng L o ung e
New Identity
O n e Ye a r
I n Te n Ye a r s . . .
Ye a r l y C e l e b r a t i o n for National Domino Tour nament
New Productivity
He rsh e y Clu b
Develop Sugarcane Juice L a b
E x p o r t S ug a r c a ne Jui c e / A lc o h o l R ec i p es
A rc h i t e c t u re a n d Pe o p l e | L o c a l Invo l vement
If the project should be realised, locals could be involved in transforming the old clubhouse into the new domino center. This could g ive positive feedback in terms of strengthening the pride of the past and the new identity for Hershey as the new center for domino in Cuba. The experimentation with methods of reusing the old evaporators as a material could be passed on and lead ongoing curiosity for what else could be reused to produce s o m e t h i n g n e w i n H e r s h e y. M a y b e the project could inspire for other projects to be build out of other reused large scale resources.
B ui ld i ng t h e N ew D o mi no Cent r e
L o c a ls wi t h bui ld i ng ex p er i enc e
I h elp ed bui ld i ng t h a t !
A ccomp li sh ment a nd N ew I d ent i t y
Building the New Domino Centre
Pa ss o n bui ld i ng k no wled g e
If some of the locals would like to volunteer to r un the drinking lounge, it could create social engagement and the possibilities for an extra income to the society of H e r s h e y. T h e v o l u n t e e r s c o u l d exper iment with recipes and maybe invent the new taste of H e r s h e y. R unni ng t h e d r i nk i ng lo ung e
L o c a ls vo lunt eer i ng
1
UN PESO
1
C o mmunity
1 1
I nc o me fr o m sa les
E x p er i ment i ng wi t h r ec i p es
A rc h i t e c t u re a n d Pe o p l e |
S i t e L o c a t i o n 1 :2 0 0 0
S i te S el ection
The site of the project is selected at the clubhouse. It was where the local used to g rab a dr ink and enjoy domino game. Like many public buildings in H e r s h e y n o w, t h e c l u b h o u s e i s i n ver y bad condition. Or ig inally built out of br ick and concrete, some
T h e R ui ned C l u bho u s e
str uctural walls are knocked off and steel rebar s stick out from the roof ever ywhere. Thus, Some deg ree of renovation of the existing will be expected in this project. The ruined clubhouse is sitting in the old commercial and recreational c e n t e r o f t h e t ow n a t t h e inter section of two main roads. It is chosen to be the site also for its best oppor tunity to overlook the r e m n a n t o f t h e s u g a r m i l l f a c t o r y, and its best potential to engage with the neighbor public space.
V i ew fr o m t h e S i t e t o t h e Old S ug a r M il l Fac t o r y
V i ew fr o m t h e Co mmo n S ea t i ng A r ea t o t he Sit e
C h apter 4|
Design Realisation|
I ni ti al I dea
The initial idea on merging the new identity and old identity of Her shey came from the obser vation of domino game and machine remanent from the old sugar mill. Domino game is said to be the national sport in Cuba. It's widely enjoyed by both the young and the old as the national game. The game is played with domino tiles at a table by two teams of two player s acting as par tner s.⁷ It's usual to see casual domino games being p l a y e d o n t h e s t r e e t u n d e r t h e s h a d e o f b a l c o n y, on front porches, in parks and on sidewalks. Each year, there will also be for mal games – National D o m i n o To u r n a m e n t , w h e n b e s t p l a y e r s i n C u b a a r e g a t h e r e d f o r t h e c h a m p i o n s h i p. S e l e c t e d p l aye r s will represent Cuba at inter national competitions. For mal games are usually played in a more closed space.⁷ Domino game in Cuba is rarely a quiet game. Even o n t h e f o r m a l g a m e s , i t ’s o f t e n s u r r o u n d e d b y nonparticipant hangers, who circles the table and s e e e v e r y o n e ’s t i l e s w h i l e w a t c h i n g b o t h t h e g o o d and bad moves throughout the game.8
T h e D o m in o Gam e ⁸
Design Realisation|
I ni ti al I dea
On the other hand, inspirations were got from old p h o t o s o f t h e s u g a r m i l l f a c t o r y. I t ’s t h e t o u c h and the movement around those machines that still triggers the memory of the local of their past pr ide. The evaporator s, one type of machines in the production line catches the design attention the most, as those cylinder s are as large as a room in its size. From research, the evaporator has a diameter of 3300mm, the inner space fits quite well with a standard domino table (800mm x 800mm), and it also allows for extra spectator circulation and standing area.⁹ With this finding, fur ther investigation was on the discussion of upcycling more par ts of the evaporator to transfor m it into an architecturally nice domino game room with good daylight and ventilation.
8 4 0 mm
8 0 0 mm 3 3 0 0 mm
A
Inves ti gati on on E vaporators: A. Di m ens i on Analy sis B. Arc hi ve Photo
B
Design Realisation| I n it ia l Id ea
The standard evaporator Hershey had been using is the type inher ited from Amer ica, shown i n t h e d i a g r a m . I t ’s t r a d i t i o n a l l y made out of mild steel in that time for its low cost, good mechanical proper ties and ease of f abr ication. As galvanized coating is forbidden in food industrial, oil-based paints instead are used for corrosion 10 protection. The mater ial is considered reusef r i e n d l y, a s t h e r e w i l l b e n o t o x i c gas emissions due to galvanized coating dur ing cutting and welding of those used materials. After speaking with engineers, the initial idea is to try reclaiming the rail caps and heating tube for structural elements to support the evaporator to be open up for air and daylight. The rest of the heating tubes and sieve plates can be transformed into seats for people playing domino game inside the upcycled game room that is made completely out of local waste.
D et a i l S ec t i o n o f E va po rat o r s 1 : 2 0 @ A 1 J u ic e I n l e t St ir r e r R in g C ap Sie ve H e at in g Tu be St e am I n l e t Syr u p O u t l e t
Di a gra m of Par ts
Up c y c li ng t o D o mi no G a me R o o m
Design Realisation| Arc h itectu r al Language of t he O l d S ugar Mil l With the initial idea of creating a new identity of Hershey out of the past pride of the sugar i n d u s t r y. I t b e c o m e s i m p o r t a n t to under stand how does the old sugar mill stand in the local’ s m e m o r y, a n d w h a t a r c h i t e c t u r a l potentials are to tr igger that part of memory in a new clubhouse. Hence, study was made on archive photos and sugar production line to restore the spatial memor ies in t h e 6 - s t o r e y f a c t o r y i n H e r s h e y.
S ug a r c a ne L o a d i ng Tra c k a nd Co nveyer
S t eel P la t fo r ms
Cr ush er s A nd E ng i ne
R a w S ug a r Jui c e S t o ra g e
B o i ler s
Ca r b o n D i st r i but i o n S y st em
E va p o ra t o r s
Design Realisation| Arc h itectu r al Language of t he Cl u bh ou se A t t h e s a m e t i m e , i t ’s e q u a l l y i m p o r t a n t t o s t u d y t h e architectural quality of the existing clubhouse. Although the building itself is ver y expressive compared to other buildings in Hershey – bold colours in red a n d y e l l o w, t i l t e d r o o f , e n t r a n c e gate extended from the porch, e t c , I t ’s s t i l l q u i t e e v i d e n t w i t h all traditional Cuban architecture features – porch, high ceiling, ventilation, patio and vegetation.
Porch
Pa t i o
Hei gh C ei l i ng
Vent i la t i o n
Veg et a t i o n
Design Realisation|
Logic Relation Between Arc hi tec tural La n g u a ge s
t h e Tw o
The most poetic and conceptual part of the project is to discuss and express architecturally with the link between the past identity and the n e w i d e n t i t y o f H e r s h e y, a n d e s p e c i a l l y w i t h t h e site selection, in which the new clubhouse is neighbour ing to the old f actor y site. Having studied the two architectural languages, it comes to the study of how to combine them. Six relations were discussed, there are: R1- Keeping the two languages intact (no removal of walls, machines or anything else). R2 - Allowing for the industr ial elements to be apar t from each other, but without the industr ial elements inter secting with the str ucture. They can still land on or touch. R3 - The inter secting par t is allowed, where the industr ial elements can intersect and interact more with the existing. R4 - The old social club can now be apar t as well, but still without them intersecting. R5- Ever ything can be set apar t and inter sect with each other. R6 - Allowing for alteration as well of ever ything, s o i t ’s a l l o w e d t o e x t r u d e , s c a l e a n d t r a n s f o r m .
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
R6
Design Realisation|
R1
R2
Design Realisation|
R3
R4
Design Realisation|
R5
R6
Design Realisation| F ir s t Pro p o sal - from R6
The first proposal came out of exploration on relation 6. In this design, upcycled factory machines are transfor med into game rooms while preserving their machine appearance outside as much as possible. They scatter and float around the existing clubhouse. Some of t h e m s i t i n s i d e t h e e x i s t i n g p a t i o. Existing roof is lifted to receive the intersection. The recycled machines are read as an extension of the old factory with the original factory in the backg round. Recycled working platfor ms from the f actor y are reenabled for circulation, sewing the two architectural languages together. However, the question comes – Although histor y preser vation is par t of the theme of the project, how literally should those machines be reinterpreted in a new architecture design?
Design Realisation|
Prec edent s and Re t h i n k
The first design proposal falls into the categor y of the most literal approach - constructivism architecture. It is a for m of moder n architecture developed in the Soviet Union with an embedded 11 socio-political ethos of Communism. The style is character ised by strong opposition between for ms and contrast between surf aces, which often gave a heavy industr ial look as str uctures are overemphasised with the sense of scale and presence. Sketch from Iakov Cher nikhov is a good e x a m p l e . I n a c o m m u n i s t c o u n t y, l i k e C u b a , a l b e i t controver sial, this approach could be interesting to look at. However, there are also other ways of inter preting industr ial influences in a more abstract manner. Those approaches have also more realised projects, and are more popularly discussed in the realm of moder n architecture. Examples are the Zeitz Museum of Contemporary Art Afr ica by Thomas H e a t h e r w i c k a n d t h e Va u l t H o u s e b y J o h n s t o n Marklee.
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Precedents : A . I a k o v C h e r n i k h o v, F a n t a s t i c C om pos i ti on, 192 9- 1931, #26 B. Thomas Heatherwick, Zeitz Museum of Contemporar y Ar t Afr ica, 2017 C. J o h n s t o n M a r k l e e, t h e Va u l t H o u s e, 2013 C
Design Realisation|
Defi ni ng New Arch i t e c t u r a l E xp re s s i o n
In the design of Zeitz Museum of Contemporary Ar t Afr ica, a dramatic central atr ium was car ved 12 out of g roups of g iant histor ic g rain silos. This is realised as a similar condition with the patio o f t h e c l u b h o u s e i n H e r s h e y. I n s p i r e d b y t h i s project, explorations on Method 1 and Method were followed. 13
I n t h e d e s i g n o f Va u l t H o u s e , t r a c e s o f i n d u s t r i a l elements could be explained by the negative space for med, where the industr ial elements are read as moulds that positive str uctures are cast onto and eventually the influences are still there but become invisible. Inspired by this project, explorations on Method 3 and Method 4 were followed.
Method 1 : Eva p o r a t o r s a s B u i l d i n g B l o c k
Design Realisation|
Method 2 Evaporat or s
: Cutting
and
Grouping
Design Realisation|
M e t h o d 3 : Po s i t ive a n d N e g a t ive S p a c e from Evapora t o r s
Design Realisation|
Method 4: The M i x o f M e t h o d 1 t o 3
Design Realisation| Second Proposal - from M e t h od 2 The second proposal was developed out of Method 2, directly inspired by the project of Zeitz Museum of Contemporary Art Africa. This design proposal is focusing on g iving a strong entrance look, a dramatic game center in the patio and a r ich roofscape for future development. The entrance was designed out of a desired layer ing spatial exper ience by placing evaporator shells nested. Each repeated building block has a game room, a dr inking room and a toilet. Evaporator s were reinter preted in new building material - bricks, so they could come with different sizes to g ive a r ich roofscape with different levels ready to be placed with platfor ms for access in future.
E nt ra nc e E xpl o rat io n
S o ut h E as t E l e vat io n 1 : 2 0 0
S o ut h E as t E l e vat io n 1 : 2 0 0
Design Realisation| This proposal is cr iticised as being too abstract. A call for going back to the idea of upcycling machines as the building mater ials was raised. Suggestions were also g iven on making a more simplified and modest roofscape to reach a more har monious state with the existing building and introducing domino game r ules to g ive order to the spatial layout. With this lear ning, eventually comes the final design proposal, which will be introduced next Chapter.
C h apter 5|
Final Design Proposal|
O rgani zi ng Spac e wi t h t h e R u l e s o f D o m i n o
I n t h e t r a d i t i o n o f p l ay i n g d o m i n o, t h e re a re m a ny different sets of r ules and ver sions, but what most of them have in common are the r ules of the layout. In a set of domino tiles, there are tiles that are called “doubles” which can work as centre pieces in a layout. All tiles should connect with one matching end to the next, but the doubles can connect with more tiles at once.
outside entrance entrance
game room game room game center
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Organizing with the rules of domino
In the tradition of playing domino, there are many different sets of rules and versions, but what most of them have in common are the rules of the layout. In a set of domino tiles, there are tiles
If one were to inter pret the r ules of domino into the layout of the new domino center, one tile could be inter preted as an evaporator. The doubles could be the center tile of the 3 game rooms with multiple tiles connected to them. The “ordinar y” tiles could contain the transition from one function to another e.g. circulation-game room, game room-game center, entrance-bar etc. and would only be connected to one other tile with a matching end.
If one were to interpret rules of domino into th layout of the new dom center, one tile could b interpreted as an evapo tor.
The doubles could be t center tile of the 3 gam rooms with multiple til connected to them. Th “ordinary” tiles could contain the transition f one function to anothe circulation-game room game room-game cent entrance-bar etc. and w only be connected to o other tile with a match end.
Final Design Proposal|
Layout Pattern in the New Domino Center L ayo ut Pa t t er n i n t h e N ew D o mi n o C e n t e r
The final
Semi final Semi final
Circulation
L ayo ut Pa t t er n i n t h e N ew D o mi no Cent er
Final Design Proposal|
E nv iro n men t an d Zoni ng
The proposal suggests planting sugarcanes all around the project to create a relaxed atmosphere but also to create a noise buffer zone for the sur rounding neighbourhood. The sugar canes would of course also be processed to sugarcane juice drinks for consumption in the drinking lounge. Dur ing the yearly domino tournament, the informal game rounds would take place under the big palm trees in the sugar cane field in front, after which the tournament would enter the actual domino center for the more formal games in the game rooms.
W inter S o lst i c e Sunset a t 1 7 :4 7
Prevailing Wind f r o m N o r t h- E as t
W i ndwa rd L eewa rd
A ccess to Main S t r eet
W i nt er S o lst i c e S unr i se a t 0 7 :0 5
The function of the back house of the existing building will be reused as a service line c o n n e c t e d t o t h e n ew p a t i o. The patio drinking lounge area in between the game rooms functions as a space for breaks in between games and as a spot for relaxing in general.
Service Movement Drinking lounge Final Semi Final Unformal rounds Sugar cane zone (noise buffer)
A c c ess t o Ma i n S t r eet a nd V i ew t o Old Fa c t o r y
Reclaiming Machine as the Key Building Mat er i al As shown in the previous initial idea drawing, the evaporator shell will be transfor med into game rooms, and heating tubes and sieve plates inside will be recycled for audience seats. The evaporator cap will also be reused for rainfall collector under the open skylight in a game room center. Wa t c h i n g a n d h e a r i n g r a i n f a l l s d r i p p i n g d o w n integrates the outside climate intimately with the dramatic gaming exper ience. The collected rainf alls would also help for lower indoor temperature down. Reuse
Game room
Rain water collector
Final Design Proposal|
Pa t i o Tr a n s f o r m a t i o n i n L o c a l C l i m a t e a n d Ti me
The patio transformation is discussed in local climate and time. The proposal suggests vegetation for shading, but this could indeed take a long time. In the first year s, the new steel patio would rely on the open skylights for ventilation and cooling, but in the future, the big palm trees could help to shade.
The future climate is difficult to predict with c e r t a i n t y, b u t i f t h e c l i m a t e i n C u b a s h o u l d g e t even hotter, the proposal suggests a roof str ucture of steel beams that could car ry either crawling vegetation or a closed roof with skylight for future.
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Final Design Proposal| G ro un d F l o o r P l a n 1:200
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Final Design Proposal| R oo f Pl an 1: 200
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Final Design Proposal| S e c t io n A-A 1: 100
Final Design Proposal| S e c t io n B -B 1: 10 0
Sample for Construction Sequence and Detail
Final Design Proposal| Co ns t r u ctio n S equenc e
S tep 1:
S t ep 2 :
St e p 3 :
I m p e r f o ra t e C o r t e n S t e e l Pa n e l c u t t o s p e c i f i c s i ze s a c c o rd i n g t o t h e s h a p e o f t h e e x i s t i n g c o r e s t r u c t u r e a n d a s s em bly on s i te.
N a i l t h e c o r t en st eel p a nels o nt o t h e i nner p a t i o si d e o f t h e ex i st i ng c o r e st r uc t ur e.
C u t e va p o ra t o r s o f f s i t e a n by o n e.
S tep 6:
S t ep 7 :
St e p 8 :
Lift all por iferous cor ten steel facade panels onto the roof top.
Bolt all standard por iferous cor ten steel facade panels i nt o p r i ma r y st eel c o lumns.
Build primary beams to f l o a t o ve r e va p o ra t o r s f o s ky l i g h t w i l l t ra n s f e r t h r o u c o l u m n s an d in t o e xis t in g
d c ra n e t h e m i n t h e p a t i o o n e
hold skylight. Make skylight o r v e n t i l a t i o n . We i g h t o f t h e ugh primary beams to primary bu i ldi n g core.
Step 4:
S t ep 5 :
Weld th e evap orators to th e cor ten steel p a nels i nsi d e t h e p atio area.
B u i l d p r i m a r y s t e e l c o l u m n s o n t o t h e e x i s t i n g bu i l d i n g c o r e. Ma k e r ea dy fo r fa c a d e p a nels.
Step 9:
S t ep 1 0 :
(Optional – in future) Clean out plants o n p r i ma r y st eel structure and add ing in purlins on to th e s t eel st r uc t ur e.
(Optional – in future) Build a new metal roof onto p u r l i n s f o r t h e n e e d o f a r c h i t e c t u ra l a dd i t i o n o f c o ve r e d a r ea .
Final Design Proposal| D e t a il S ectio n 1:50 & 1:20 D ay ight
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4 . S ky li g h t G la z i ng Ch a nnel, Co ver ed by F la sh i ng
C h apter 6|
R eferences 1. Cuba weather .org. Cuban Climate.Retr ieved on 15th of Apr il 2019 a t h t t p s : / / w w w. c u b a w e a t h e r . o r g / c u b a _ c l i m a t e . p h p . 2. Meteoblue weather. Climate Cuba. Retr ieved on 19th of Apr il 2019 a t h t t p s : / / w w w. m e t e o b l u e . c o m / e n / w e a t h e r / f o r e c a s t / m o d e l c l i m a t e / cuba_cuba_3562993. 3. Bon. (2018). The Stor y of Cuban Sugar Cane. Retr ieved on 14th of M a r c h 2 0 1 9 a t h t t p s : / / w w w. r a y d e l . c o m . a u / t h e - s t o r y - o f - c u b a n - s u g a r cane-2/. 4. Cuban Genealogy Center. Cuban Sugar Mills. Retr ieved on 10th of M a r c h 2 0 1 9 a t h t t p : / / w w w. c u b a g e n w e b . o r g / m i l l s . h t m . 5 . H e r s h e y C o m m u n i t y A r c h i v e s . C e n t r a l H e r s h e y, C u b a : 1 9 1 6 - 1 9 4 6 . Retr ieved on 10th of March 2019 at https://her sheyarchives.org/ encyclopedia/cuba-central-hershey-1916-1946/. 6. Milton Her shey School.Built on Sugar : Hershey in Cuba. Retr ieved o n 1 7 t h o f M a r c h 2 0 1 9 a t h t t p s : / / w w w. m h s k i d s . o r g / b u i l t - s u g a r hershey-cuba/. 7 . C u b a n H e a d l i n e s . C u b a h o s t s I n t e r n a t i o n a l D o m i n o To u r n a m e n t . R e t r i e v e d o n 4 t h o f A p r i l 2 0 1 9 a t h t t p s : / / w w w. c u b a h e a d l i n e s . c o m / cuba_hosts_international_domino_tournament.html. 8 . K a t i e . ( 2 0 1 1 ) . D o m i n o e s : A C u b a n Tr a d i t i o n . R e t r i e v e d o n 1 9 t h of Apr il 2019 at https://katieincuba.wordpress.com/2011/11/30/ dominoes-a-cuban-tradition/. 9 . S u g a r P r o c e s s Te c h n o l o g i e s . E v a p o r a t o r D e s i g n f o r m u l a s a n d i m p o r t a n t d e s i g n c o n s i d e r a t i o n s w i t h o n l i n e c a l c u l a t o r. R e t r i e v e d o n 1 9 t h o f A p r i l 2 0 1 9 a t h t t p : / / w w w. s u g a r p r o c e s s t e c h . c o m / e v a p o r a t o r - d e s i g n - o n l i n e calculator/.
1 0 . A s h u t o s h B a j p a i . ( 2 0 1 7 ) . C o r r o s i o n a n d i t s c o n t r o l i n s u g a r i n d u s t r y. R e t r i e v e d o n 1 5 t h o f M a y 2 0 1 9 a t h t t p s : / / w w w. c h e m a r c . c o m / content/ar ticle/cor rosion-control/58bd0a557b12f23de8045ad5. 1 1 . A r c h D a i l y. ( 2 0 1 5 ) . A S h o r t H i s t o r y o f Ye k a t e r i n b u r g ' s C o n s t r u c t i v i s t A r c h i t e c t u r e . R e t r i e v e d o n 1 5 t h o f M a y 2 0 1 9 a t h t t p s : / / w w w. a r c h d a i l y. com/775681/a-shor t-histor y-of-yekater inburgs-constr uctivistarchitecture. 1 2 . A r c h D a i l y. ( 2 0 1 7 ) . Z e i t z M u s e u m o f C o n t e m p o r a r y A r t A f r i c a / H e a t h e r w i c k S t u d i o . R e t r i e v e d o n 1 6 t h o f M a y 2 0 1 9 a t h t t p s : / / w w w. a r c h d a i l y. c o m / 8 7 9 7 6 3 / z e i t z - m u s e u m - o f - c o n t e m p o r a r y - a r t - a f r i c a h e a t h e r w i c k - s t u d i o. 1 3 . A r c h D a i l y. ( 2 0 1 4 ) . Va u l t H o u s e / J o h n s t o n M a r k l e e . R e t r i e v e d o n 1 6 t h o f M a y 2 0 1 9 a t h t t p s : / / w w w. a r c h d a i l y. c o m / 4 8 7 5 1 9 / v a u l t - h o u s e johnston-marklee.