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2 INDETERMINED SPACES

A MOMENT OF COMMUNICATION 2017 Winter Term Studio Project

2017 Fall Term Studio Project (Team Work)

1

WĂƌƚ ϭ͗ dŚĞ /ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ KŬĂŶĂŐĂŶ sĂůůĞLJ

3

WĂƌƚ ϭ͗ dŚĞ /ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ ^ƚŽŶLJ DŽƵŶƚĂŝŶ

17

WĂƌƚ Ϯ͗ ^ŝƚĞ ŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ŽĨ <ĞůŽǁŶĂ Θ tĞƐƚ <ĞůŽǁŶĂ

5

WĂƌƚ Ϯ͗ dŚĞ >ĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ŝŶ ŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů WĞƌŝŽĚ

19

WĂƌƚ ϯ͗ EĞǁ ͞,ĂŶĚ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͟ ŝŶ <ĞůŽǁŶĂ

7

WĂƌƚ ϯ͗ dŚĞ ^ƚƵĚLJ ŽĨ WĞŽƉůĞ͛Ɛ ĞŚĂǀŝŽƌ

20

WĂƌƚ ϰ͗ ĞƐŝŐŶ ŽŶĐĞƉƚ Θ ĞƟĂůƐ

11

WĂƌƚ ϰ͗ ĞƐŝŐŶ ŽŶĐĞƉƚ Θ ĞƟĂůƐ

21

ZĞŶĚĞƌŝŶŐ

13

ZĞŶĚĞƌŝŶŐ

26

A MOMENT OF COMMUNICATION A DIALOG BETWEEN LANDSCAPES

2 The studio project is focused on the idea of landscape change in the Okanagan Valley, beginning with a series of investigations that begin at the scale of the region and end at the scale of the site.

hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ ŽĨ DĂŶŝƚŽďĂ I ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ĞƐŝŐŶ WƌŽŐƌĂŵ I ϮϬϭϳ tŝŶƚĞƌ dĞƌŵ I ^ƚƵĚŝŽ WƌŽũĞĐƚ

01

“Coding� the ecologies of the region. In part 1 of the project I am developing the interpretation of the region through an investigation of maps, reveal more than what is actually there, but the regional variation, process, and natures of change.

13

A

City of Kelowna & West Kelowna

1953

No 97 ,Ĺ?Ĺ?Ĺš tĂLJ

ϭϾϴϳ

^ŚĂŜŜŽŜ >Ä‚ĹŹÄž 'ŽůĨ ŽƾĆŒĆ?Äž

1991

ZÄžĆ?Ĺ?ĚĞŜĆ&#x;Ä‚ĹŻ Area

14

Basic introduction of The Okanagan Valley The Okanagan Valley is roughly 200 km long and 20 km wide. It lies between the Columbia and Cascade mountain ranges in southcentral British Columbia. Its landscape of low hills and oblong lakes ZDV IRUPHG E\ JODFLDO DFWLYLW\ GXULQJ WKH 3OHLVWRFHQH HSRFK WKH ÀQDO retreat of the ice between 11,000 and 9,000 years ago.2

3

The history of The Okanagan Lake The glaciers left large deposits of gravel, silt, and sand on the bottom and sides of the valley. These sediments were eroded by water and wind, resulting in large alluvial fans (i.e., triangle-shaped deposits of sediment) and deltas such as those on which the cities of Vernon, Kelowna and Penticton partly stand; these sediments are now used for agriculture. The valley includes several lakes, all of which were once part of a large glacial lake. The largest of these lakes is Okanagan Lake. From east to west are Swan, Kalamalka and Wood lakes and to the south lie Skaha, Vaseux and Osoyoos lakes. The whole system drains south through the Okanagan River into the Columbia River.3

15

B

16 17

A

1992

C

ZÄžĆ?Ĺ?ĚĞŜĆ&#x;Ä‚ĹŻ Area

18

Wetland 84% of low elevation wetlands in the Okanagan and lower Similkameen valleys were lost between 1800 and 2003. A second study of low elevation wetlands in the Okanagan Basin indicates a 38% loss of wetlands between 1988 and 2010.4

2011

ZÄžĆ?Ĺ?ĚĞŜĆ&#x;Ä‚ĹŻ Area

2013

ZÄžĆ?Ĺ?ĚĞŜĆ&#x;Ä‚ĹŻ Area

Okanagan Lake

>Ä‚ĹŹÄž ÄžŜůÄ‚ĆŒĹ?Ĺ?ĹśĹ? ĚƾĞ ƚŽ ÄšĹ?Ä‚Ć?ĆšĆŒĹ˝Ć‰ĹšĹ?Ć?Ĺľ

DÄ‚Ĺ?Ĺś ĆšĆŒÄ‚ĸÄ? ĆŒŽƾƚĞĆ?

tĞƚ ůĂŜĚ ĆŒÄžĹ?Ĺ?ŽŜ Ĺ?Ĺś Ď­Ď´ĎŹĎŹ

19

tĞƚ ůĂŜĚ ĆŒÄžĹ?Ĺ?ŽŜ Ĺ?Ĺś ĎŽĎŹĎŹĎł

dŚĞ Ĺ?ĆŒÄ‚Ć?Ć?ůĂŜĚ Ä?ÄžĨŽĆŒÄž Ä?ŽŜĆ?ĆšĆŒĆľÄ?Ć&#x;ŽŜ

dŚĞ ĨŽĆŒÄžĆ?Ćš ĆŒÄžĹ?Ĺ?ŽŜ Ä?ÄžĨŽĆŒÄž Ä?ŽŜĆ?ĆšĆŒĆľÄ?Ć&#x;ŽŜ

>Ä‚ĹŹÄž ĞdžƉĂŜĆ?Ĺ?ŽŜ Ä‚ĆŒÄžÄ‚ ĨĆŒŽž ϭϴώώͲ 2016

>Ä‚ĹŹÄž Ä?ŽŜĆšĆŒÄ‚Ä?Ć&#x;ŽŜ Ä‚ĆŒÄžÄ‚ ĨĆŒŽž ϭϴώώͲ 2016

Lake size & shoreline The reasons for lake contraction DUH DUWLÀFLDO FRQVWUXFWLRQ DQG precipitation. The construction includes bridge, houses, farmland, and illegal docks. Since the nineties, annual rates of precipitation have decreased by100 mm. In addition, a comprehensive report about the lake’s shoreline was completed in 2013, and the

results are alarming. The report reveals that 57% of the shoreline has been developed to various degrees; that means only 43% of the shoreline has been untouched. Carolina RestrepoTamayo of the Okanagan Collaborative Conservation Program says there has been a rate of change of up to 2% every year. Anna Warwick

Sears from Okanagan Basin Water Board says if this rate of change continues, almost all the shoreline of Okanagan Lake will be lost within one generation. Due to the lake expansion area is the edge of detachment zone, the detachment fault pushes the lake larger and shallower.1

31

20

B

City of Vernon

1941

No 6 ,Ĺ?Ĺ?Ĺš tĂLJ

1953

No 97 ,Ĺ?Ĺ?Ĺš tĂLJ

1990

ZÄžĆ?Ĺ?ĚĞŜĆ&#x;Ä‚ĹŻ Area

1991

ZÄžĆ?Ĺ?ĚĞŜĆ&#x;Ä‚ĹŻ Area

C

Ĺ?ƚLJ ŽĨ WĞŜĆ&#x;Ä?ĆšŽŜ

1953

No 97 ,Ĺ?Ĺ?Ĺš tĂLJ

ϭϾϴϯ

'ĆŒÄžÄžĹś tŽŽÄš &Ĺ˝ĆŒÄžĆ?Ćš Product

ϭϾϴϰ

ZÄžĆ?Ĺ?ĚĞŜĆ&#x;Ä‚ĹŻ Area

21

Swan Lake Swan Lake 22

23 32

24

1992

25

ZÄžĆ?Ĺ?ĚĞŜĆ&#x;Ä‚ĹŻ Area

26

ϭϾϾϴ

ZÄžĆ?Ĺ?ĚĞŜĆ&#x;Ä‚ĹŻ Area 33 27

2004

ZÄžĆ?Ĺ?ĚĞŜĆ&#x;Ä‚ĹŻ Area

Kalamalka Lake

4

28

2005

ZÄžĆ?Ĺ?ĚĞŜĆ&#x;Ä‚ĹŻ Area

2006

ZÄžĆ?Ĺ?ĚĞŜĆ&#x;Ä‚ĹŻ Area

2012

ZÄžĆ?Ĺ?ĚĞŜĆ&#x;Ä‚ĹŻ Area

29

Kalamalka Lake

34

30

dŚĞ Ć?Ć‰Ä‚ĆŒĆ?Äž ǀĞĹ?ĞƚĂĆ&#x;ŽŜ ĆŒÄžĹ?Ĺ?ŽŜ Ä?ÄžĨŽĆŒÄž Ä?ŽŜĆ?ĆšĆŒĆľÄ?Ć&#x;ŽŜ

DÄ‚Ĺ?Ĺś ĆšĆŒÄ‚ĸÄ? ĆŒŽƾƚĞĆ?

tĞƚ ůĂŜĚ ĆŒÄžĹ?Ĺ?ŽŜ Ĺ?Ĺś Ď­Ď´ĎŹĎŹ

tĞƚ ůĂŜĚ ĆŒÄžĹ?Ĺ?ŽŜ Ĺ?Ĺś ĎŽĎŹĎŹĎł

dŚĞ Ĺ?ĆŒÄ‚Ć?Ć?ůĂŜĚ Ä?ÄžĨŽĆŒÄž Ä?ŽŜĆ?ĆšĆŒĆľÄ?Ć&#x;ŽŜ

dŚĞ ĨŽĆŒÄžĆ?Ćš ĆŒÄžĹ?Ĺ?ŽŜ Ä?ÄžĨŽĆŒÄž Ä?ŽŜĆ?ĆšĆŒĆľÄ?Ć&#x;ŽŜ

>Ä‚ĹŹÄž ĞdžƉĂŜĆ?Ĺ?ŽŜ ĨĆŒŽž ϭϴώώͲώϏϭϲ

dŚĞ ĆŒĹ?Ć‰Ä‚ĆŒĹ?Ä‚Ĺś ĆŒÄžĹ?Ĺ?ŽŜ Ä?ÄžĨŽĆŒÄž Ä?ŽŜĆ?ĆšĆŒĆľÄ?Ć&#x;ŽŜ

DÄ‚Ĺ?Ĺś ĆšĆŒÄ‚ĸÄ? ĆŒŽƾƚĞĆ?

tĞƚ ůĂŜĚ ĆŒÄžĹ?Ĺ?ŽŜ Ĺ?Ĺś Ď­Ď´ĎŹĎŹ

tĞƚ ůĂŜĚ ĆŒÄžĹ?Ĺ?ŽŜ Ĺ?Ĺś ĎŽĎŹĎŹĎł

dŚĞ ĨŽĆŒÄžĆ?Ćš ĆŒÄžĹ?Ĺ?ŽŜ Ä?ÄžĨŽĆŒÄž Ä?ŽŜĆ?ĆšĆŒĆľÄ?Ć&#x;ŽŜ

ZÄžĆ?Ĺ?ĚĞŜĆ&#x;Ä‚ĹŻ Area

>Ä‚ĹŹÄž ĞdžƉĂŜĆ?Ĺ?ŽŜ Ä‚ĆŒÄžÄ‚ ĨĆŒŽž ϭϴώώͲ 2016

Forest ecosystem

Grassland ecosystem Grasslands commonly occur on sites that are amenable to development (both for agriculture and housing). The grassland area shows on the map had already been lost for urban development. Grasslands

2011

are recognized as one of British Columbia’s most threatened ecosystems. Only 8% of the grasslands in the province are protected. About 1/3 of B.C.’s threatened and endangered species are reliant on grasslands.

Grasslands have many important traditional use plants for First Nation peoples. Therefore, destruction of grasslands will LQĂ XHQFH WKH FXOWXUH RI )LUVW Nation peoples.5

A forest plays a big role in maintaining and improving water quality. Thus it is an important regulator of hydrological processes, especially those involving groundwater hydrology and local evaporation and rainfall/snowfall patterns. A

reduction in forests is bad for tackle climate change and extreme weather. Perhaps, more importantly, duff layer and leaf litter can form a major repository of water storage. When this litter is removed or compacted, HURVLRQ DQG Ă RRGLQJ DUH

exacerbated as well as deprivation of dry season water for forest organisms. And the destruction of forests will increase WKH ULVN RI ZLOGÀUH ,Q IDFW IRUHVW ÀUHV EHFRPH PRUH IUHTXHQW DIWHU 2000.6

02

Temporal Ecologies: “A Sense of Place: A Sense of time�. In part 2 of the project, I carefully examine how culture and other ecologies interwine, and how they operate.

What I focus on is how the city and natural ecosystem work. And avoid understanding these ecosystems separately and oppositely, prevent create a sense of “either this or that.â€? :KDW , DP WU\LQJ WR GR Ă€UVW LV understand the ecosystems as a whole by a perceptual way 1RW RQO\ IRFXV RQ D VSHFLĂ€F RQH side or one body but the relationships of connected things.

Okanagan Lake

EÄ‚ĆšĆľĆŒÄ‚ĹŻ Ä?Ĺ˝Ć?LJĆ?ƚĞž /ĹŻĹŻĆľĆ?ĆšĆŒÄ‚Ć&#x;ŽŜÍ— 7KH Ă€UVW LOOXVWUDWLRQ LV WKH QDWXUDO ecosystem map. It include the informations of topography, wetlands, VWRUPZDWHU Ă RZV DQG YHJHWDWLRQ pattern outside of the city edge. The HGJH RI .HORZQD LV GHĂ€QHG E\ WKH FRQWRXU OLQHV 7KH VWRUPZDWHU Ă RZV DQG WRSRJUDSK\ VKRZ WKH Ă€QDO GHVWLQDWLRQ of rainwater and the watershed. Besides, the watershed also shows its relationship with the wetland.

5

Precipitation 1992-1996: 429.9

1997-2001: 378.32 2002-2006: 346.68 2007-2011: 280.58 2012-2016: 281.2

Main plants species: Trees:

Douglas Fir Red Ceder Hemlock Trembling Aspen Ponderosa Pine

Shrubs:

Common Snowberry Nootka rose Roses Saskatoon Bluebunch Wheatgrass Arrowleaf Balsamroot Rough Fescue Large Rushes Pinegrass

Types of Precipitation:7 51% light rain 23% light snow 9% moderate rain 5% moderate snow 4% thunderstorm 3% drizzle 2% heavy rain 2% heavy snow

Rainwater Flows & Snow Melt Water Flows Wetlands Area

How landscapes are measured? How landscapes are valued? The method we measured and valued landscape before is often one-sided. It means we did not calculate the natural ecosystems as the part of urban HFRV\VWHP EHQHÀWV 7KHUHIRUH ZKDW , WU\LQJ WR GR LV FRPSDUH WKHVH WZR W\SHV RI HFRV\VWHPV ÀQG WKH ZD\ RI FRPPHQVDOLVP DQG DOO ZLQ ,I WKH ODQGVFDSH FDQQRW talk, we have to change our position and attitude. To achieve a balance and sustainable development. Due to the city is growing, what I more focused on is the edge of Kelowna. The new edge of the city has more chances to change the current mode of growth, it breeds the possibility of transformation.

Okanagan Lake

Urban Ecosystem Illustration: The second illustration is the city ecosystem map.It includes the informations of topography, streets, wetland, building groups, and the vegetation pattern outside of the city edge. The edge of Kelowna which based RQ DUWLÀFLDO GLYLVLRQ &RPSDUH ZLWK WKH ÀUVW illustration, the edge of Kelowna seems unreasonable. The streets are distributed based on the topography(Low-lying). And the construction of buildings is based on land use and street distribution.

Population

2011: 50,300

1991: 30,380

2006: 44,910

2001: 40,045

1996: 36,435

Edge City The farmlands and urban divide the city of Kelowna. It leads to the effect of “Edge City.� “Edge City� is an American term for a concentration of business, shopping, and entertainment outside a traditional downtown (or central business district) in what had previously been a residential or rural area. Usually, the “Edge City� is a temporary phenomenon, it is a process of urban breeding and very similar to cell division.8

Wetlands Area Building Density & Building Distribution Streets Distribution

6

03

Everything singing. In part 3 of the project, I am trying to reveal the interacting and interdependent components that make XS WKH ODQGVFDSH WKURXJK WKH FDVH VWXG\ 0RUH VSHFLĂ€FDOO\ WKLV LV DERXW KRZ WKH ODQGVFDSHV ZRUN

Framed farmland, and provide better views, enhance the communication between farmland and people.

Encourage walking and biking, the passageway between urban, farmland, and mountainous region

The stair structure reserve rainwater. Water can be used for farm irrigation and enhance the quality of urban landscape.

The core idea of hand planning in Copenhagen is to build urban and street upon the hills and highlands, leaving WKH ORZ O\LQJ DUHD IRU YHJHWDWLRQ 7KH EHQHÀW LV XVLQJ YHJHWDWLRQ DV D ÀOWHU WR FOHDQ UDLQZDWHU WKDW à RZV WKURXJK the urban area. Due to the vegetative belts between the urban conditions and the river, planners can ensure the UDLQZDWHU LV FOHDQ EHIRUH à RZLQJ LQWR WKH ULYHU 9

7

Traditionally, people only think about the hand planning from the viewpoint of the city. However, on the other hand, there has another “handâ€? from the viewpoint of nature(outside of the city), these two ecosystems merged WRJHWKHU WLJKWO\ MXVW OLNH PHVKHG Ă€QJHUV , EHOLHYH WKLV LGHD can provide a new way of thinking urban development.

The concept of this vision comes from Ledu’s construction of ‘Sponge city’

In this vision, I created a dynamic urban park by incorporating the agricultural strategy of FURS URWDWLRQ DQG D ORZ PDLQWHQDQFH PHDGRZ $Q HOHYDWHG Ă RDWLQJ QHWZRUN RI SHGHVWULDQ paths, platforms and pavilions create a visual frame for this cultivated swathe and the natural features of the terrain and water. With the help of these strategies, a deserted mismanaged landscape was dramatically transformed into a productive and beautiful setting for urban living And preserving the natural and cultural patterns of the site at the same time. The ideas such as agricultural urbanism, productive landscape, minimum intervention, performative landscape, etc. are integrated into the landscape transformation strategy of “quilting terrainâ€?.

Woody plants sourranding pond: clean and remain rainwater. Stage topography, divided land, create water Ă RZV UHXVH WKH H[WUD ZDWHU from upper land.

Riverside wetland and SRQG XVHG IRU LQĂ€OWUDWLRQ VWRUDJH SXULĂ€FDWLRQ irrigation reuse.

Farmland: enhance runoff permeability, sustainable development of economy and agriculture.

8

The concept comes from the project of LUMING park from China.

The vision shows the relationship between topography and urban property. It including WKH GHQVLW\ RI GZHOOLQJV ZRRG\ SODQWV JUHHQ VSDFH DQG GLVWULEXWLRQ RI WUDIÀF 7KH SRVLWLRQ RI WKH XUEDQ DUHD DQG JUHHQ VSDFH VKRZV KRZ SODQWV ZRUN DV D ÀOWHU WR FOHDQ rainwater that goes through the city from the mountain to low-lying areas.

The vision shows the special stair topography on the site, in order to achieve the idea of “Sponge city�. I use depressions to store excess rainwater, the depressions are all close to farmlands for irrigation, therefore it is more economically and more reasonably. And the woody plants around ponds can remain and clean water.

Idea of The Hand Plan Based on my analysis of Kelowna’s boundary and the hand-shaped plan of Copenhagen, I am drawing a similar map for the city of Kelowna to compare with the map of Copenhagen. In Kelowna, the main highways are built along the lowland areas but not upland areas. But fortunately, Kelowna is a young city and has the great potential to improve.

Vegetation can protect and enhance the resilience ability of wetland, act as a buffer strip to clean UDLQZDWHU EHIRUH ÁRZV LQWR the wetland.

Walkway encorage people walk through, and enjoy the landscape, create ecological and economic value for citizens.

Existing wetland and DUWLÀFLDO ZHWODQG LPSURYH WKH water resilient ability for Kelowna, help to the preservation of biodiversity, improving hydrological characteristics of the city.

The Site

9

The concept comes from the Qunli Stormwater Park in China.

The vision shows the relationship between urban, mountain, and green space. As you can see, the green space is built in the depression of urban area with a certain scale. The large size of green space ensures a more stable and stronger water storage subsystem. It can protect the existing wetland, the same time, the walkways inside it allow people enjoy the space by experience. Also, the big water-resilient green space becomes a patch and attract animals, to achieve ecological optimization.

Context The site I choose for my project is located at the city’s edge. It is next to a cliff, beside residential area and farmlands. As you can see, it is a complex and mixed-use district, which is connected to my case studies -- connectivity between different zones. It is close to the 33 highway, which is the optimum development direction at Kelowna. 7KH WRSRJUDSK\ DORQJ LW LV ÁDWWHU DQG EURDGHU VR WKDW LW FDQ SURYLGH DQ appropriate region for urban growth.

10

04

Projective Ecologies: The Agency of Design. Part 4 of the project involves a design study engaged through ecological narratives. It is an attempt to evoke ecology as a metaphor, guideline, model, or perspective on nature.

Residential Area

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The Tributary of Okanagan Lake

11

Natural Cliff

Scale 1:12000

Concept The concept of my project is the connectivity between farmland, residential area, and natural scenery. Function The water square can collect rainwater to enhance hydrological landscapes and use for irrigation. The lower water square can catch the runoff from the upper one.

Scale 1:1000

Form The form of the project comes from farmland and water HOHPHQW WKH Ă RZLQJ ZDWHU JLYHV WKH ´IDUPODQGV´ D VHQVH RI G\QDPLF 7KH SDWK OHDGV WKH DUWLĂ€FLDO ODQGVFDSH WR WKH QDWXUDO FOLII 7KH LGHD RI FRQQHFWLYLW\ UHĂ HFWHG LQ HYHU\ZKHUH not just within different landscapes, but also different culture between the city, countryside, and natural landscape.

1:2500 Section

A

12

1:550 Section

Structure The project can divide into two parts: pathway and water square. The starting point of the pathway is next to the farmland, and ends up at the edge of the cliff; the water squares are built along the pathway, the height of the typography create levels and views. The shape of the water squares is straight lines intersecting at different angles. The shape and angles are all come from the form of the farmland.

B

1:400 Section

C

A

The project creates a sense of dialogue with farmlands. The pathway which ends up at the edge of the cliff creates a bridge between the urban area and natural cliff. It providing a sense of the sublime, includes a sense of fear and a sense of pleasure.

13

Perspective A

B

This picture shows the project from low to high. In this perspective, the water element has been hidden, the interlaced geometry cement structure creates a sense of ceremony and solemn. In addition, the huge and increasing levels can attract people climbing and see the landscape behind it. The undulating path gives increased contrast and dramatic effects, and inspire the desire of walk.

14

Perspective B

C

This picture shows the project from high to low. In this perspective, the water element start appear. The irregular distribution of water pools creates a drama of the landscape, and inspire people’s desire for exploration.

INDETERMINATE SPACES MOMENT WITH REACH Tianze Xin I ůŵŝƌĂ ^ĂŶĂƟŶŝĂ

17 15 The studio project is focused on speculative design drawings for the eviscerated landscape transformation and its ‘rehabilitation’ are the goals of the design studio. Within one term we are required to think - Is it really possible or even desirable to rehabilitate this landscape? - What might be the visual forms the newly emerging landscape take? - Does the new landscape offer practical uses? - Which aesthetic-formal positions are available to us in this process?

Perspective C hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ ŽĨ DĂŶŝƚŽďĂ I ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ĞƐŝŐŶ WƌŽŐƌĂŵ I ϮϬϭϳ &Ăůů dĞƌŵ I ^ƚƵĚŝŽ WƌŽũĞĐƚ I ŐƌŽƵƉĞ ǁŽƌŬ I dŝĂŶnjĞ yŝŶ Θ ůŵŝƌĂ ^ĂŶĂƟŶŝĂ

D

This picture shows the project from high to low(look at the front horizontal). In this perspective, we can clearly see the scale of the project and people. The relationship between the wild animal and people shows my ambition of design, which is breaking anthropocentrism. To me, it is not only about equal and share, but also about use and integration of ecological resources.

16

Perspective D

INDETERMINATE SPACES MOMENT WITH REACH Tianze Xin I ůŵŝƌĂ ^ĂŶĂƟŶŝĂ

17 The studio project is focused on speculative design drawings for the eviscerated landscape transformation and its ‘rehabilitation’ are the goals of the design studio. Within one term we are required to think - Is it really possible or even desirable to rehabilitate this landscape? - What might be the visual forms the newly emerging landscape take? - Does the new landscape offer practical uses? - Which aesthetic-formal positions are available to us in this process?

hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ ŽĨ DĂŶŝƚŽďĂ I ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ĞƐŝŐŶ WƌŽŐƌĂŵ I ϮϬϭϳ &Ăůů dĞƌŵ I ^ƚƵĚŝŽ WƌŽũĞĐƚ I ŐƌŽƵƉĞ ǁŽƌŬ I dŝĂŶnjĞ yŝŶ Θ ůŵŝƌĂ ^ĂŶĂƟŶŝĂ

The site I intervene is an abandoned quarry adjacent to Stony Mountain(a small community in Manitoba), whose shape has been an attribute to many events happened in the past. It means all the environmental and natural disaster and also human intrusions have made incessant change to this land.

18

Looking at the current landscape, one can see a free land with a variety of options to offer such as hunting, fossils and enjoying the view while sitting on the cliffs. That is to say, this is a land on which people can be creative in choosing their activities. A future intervention can be to keep this place undetermined by determining public places allowing for equal access and equal representation or a high degree of social and cultural inclusion.

Site Plan Scale 1:4000

01

Exploring the history of the quarry. In part 1 of the project, I am understanding the region through its historic character and geomorphology. I roughly divided the land into four main periods, they are the Ordovician period, Glacier period, Tallgrass Prairie period, and Mining period. The pictures concise the characteristics of different historical periods.

Mining period

The Glacial period

After discovering the near-surface limestone bedrock, people started mining this golden material to build their cities. The limestone is a sedimentary rock composed of Ordovician sea creatures shells and the chemical precipitate. Today, approximately 22% of the 2900 hectares Rockwood quarry area have been disturbed by mining. That is one of the crucial reasons behind the creation of many cliffs, terraces, grassland, shrubland, forest and desert-like land.10

During the late Ordovician, a series of glacial periods led to a mass extinction. This ZDV WKH EHJLQQLQJ RI WKH ´ELJ Ă€YHÂľ H[WLQFWLRQV RI WKH 3KDQHUR]RLF WKDW FDXVHG devastation of diverse marine ecosystems. Over a past million years, we had 5 glaciations, 2 lm of ice was going around to the top of Stone Mountain. Limestone was a surviving material which protected Stone Mountain from the previous glaciation.12

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Tallgrass Prairie period

The Ordovician period

After the glacier, the Ordovician landscape converted into a prairie landscape which was caused by the deposition of parent material, (parent material is the soil in the form of unsorted sediment.) about 10,000 years ago. Consequently, deep levels of topsoil were a result of wind-dropped loess and organic matter accumulation. Animals such as bison, elk, deer, and rabbits added nitrogen to the soil through urine and feces. For 5,000 to 8,000 years, more than 240 million acres of prairie grasslands were a major feature of the landscape. Bison, livestock grazing, and cultivation breached tallgrass root systems, interrupted reproduction and ultimately led to collapsing prairies.11

Lasted 42 million years, from 485 to 443 million years ago, it was proceeded by the Cambrian period and followed by the Silurian. The biodiversity of the Paleozoic was at one of its highest points in the Ordovician. The early Ordovician was possibly dominated by the trilobites in a way that they were FRQVLGHUHG WKH DSH[ FUHDWXUHV RI WKH HUD 7KHUH LV DOVR HYLGHQFH WKDW WKH ÀUVW ZLGHO\ RFFXUULQJ FRUDOV VHD VWDUV RUWKRSHGLFV DQG DOVR VRPH RI WKH ÀUVW ODQG SODQWV OLYHG GXULQJ WKLV WLPH 'XULQJ WKLV period Stone Mountain was below the sea levels and everything. During this period Stony Mountain was below the sea level and everything here was marine sediments deposited at the bottom of an ocean 400 million years old.13

͞/ŶĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƚĞ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ĂƌĞ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ůĞŌ ŽƵƚ ŽĨ ΖƟŵĞ ĂŶĚ ƉůĂĐĞΖ ǁŝƚŚ ƌĞŐĂƌĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƵƌďĂŶ ƐƵƌƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐƐ͕ ŵĂŝŶůLJ ĂƐ Ă ĐŽŶƐĞƋƵĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƌĂŵƉĂŶƚ ĚĞŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŝƐĂƟŽŶ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ĂŶĚ ΖƐŚƌŝŶŬŝŶŐΖ ĐŝƚLJ͘ dŚĞ ƵŶĐůĞĂƌ ĂŶĚ ƵŶĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞĚ ƐƚĂƚƵƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞƐĞ ƵƌďĂŶ ΖŶŽͲŵĂŶΖƐͲůĂŶĚΖ ŵĂLJ ĂůůŽǁ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĞŵĞƌŐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ Ă ŶŽŶͲƉůĂŶŶĞĚ͘͟14

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Exploring the Nature of Eviscerated Landscapes, know the history of a landscape, and give the landscape a new vitality. At the same time, pay attention to aesthetic and poetic dimensions as well as functional and technical aspects of landscape design.

Scale 1:20000

Red Pond :KHQ \RX IROORZ WKH FRQFUHWH FXEHV \RX ZLOO ÀQG \RXUVHOI ZDONLQJ over a pond which leads you to a small forest. This design represents the landscape which was form as a result of mining showing the ponds and vegetation created on the land. The design helps people to have an open view of their surroundings when people walking over the pond. As time passes the grasses grow, limiting your vision and that would create a whole different walking experience.

02

In part 2 of the project, I decided to use time as the design theme, all WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQV UHà HFW WKH XQLTXH ODQGVFDSH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV GXULQJ WKH VSHFLÀF SHULRG $W WKH VDPH WLPH WKH GHVLJQ JLYHV WKH DEDQGRQHG quarry a new meaning and experience for people. It’s more of an enlightenment, which is an integrally and timelessly perspective.

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“I care about indetermined space because I think it is one of the cases where people without ĨŽĆŒĹľÄ‚ĹŻ Ä‚Ä?Ä?ÄžĆ?Ć? ƚŽ ƉŽůĹ?Ć&#x;Ä?Ć?Í• Ĺ?ŜĚƾĆ?ĆšĆŒĹ?ÄžĆ?Í• ĞƚÄ?͘ Ä‚Ä?ƚƾĂůůLJ Ä?Ä‚Ĺś Ń„ĹľÄ‚ĹŹÄžŃ…Í˜Í˜Í˜ dŚĞ Ć?ůƾžÍ• ĨŽĆŒ ĞdžĂžƉůĞ͕ Ĺ?Ć? Ä‚ Ć?ƉĂÄ?Äž ĨŽĆŒ žĂŏĹ?ĹśĹ?Í• Ä?ƾƚ ŽƾĆŒ ĹŻÄ‚ĆŒĹ?Äž Ä?Ĺ?Ć&#x;ÄžĆ? Ä‚ĆŒÄž Ä?ŽŜĎŜĹ?ĹśĹ? ƚŚĂƚ Ć?ƉĂÄ?Äž žŽĆŒÄž ĂŜĚ žŽĆŒÄžÍ˜ dŽĚĂLJ͕ Ĺ?Ĺś ƚŚĞ Ć&#x;žĞ ŽĨ žĞĹ?Ä‚ Ć‰ĆŒŽŊÄžÄ?ĆšĆ?Í• Ĺ?ÄžĹśĆšĆŒĹ?ÄŽÄ?Ä‚Ć&#x;ŽŜ ĂŜĚ Ĺ?ĂƚĞĚ Ä?ŽžžƾŜĹ?Ć&#x;ÄžĆ? ĆšĹšÄžĆŒÄž Ĺ?Ć? ŜŽĆš žƾÄ?Ĺš Ĺ?ĹśÄšÄžĆšÄžĆŒĹľĹ?ŜĞĚ Ć?ƉĂÄ?Äž ĹŻÄžĹŒÍ˜Í&#x; —S. Sassen

Exploded Terraces Having the cliff at the entrance as a result of mining, gave me the idea of building a structure which illustrates the changes in the land. I decided to have concrete cubes in different sizes concentrated on the cliff and then distribute them to the abandoned quarry. So we can simplify the explosion needed to excavate limestone from the land. We chose concrete as our material, as it is a product of the limestone, and it also creates a pleasant contrast between the structures and the landscape itself.

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The Glacier Garden and The Icebound Bridge For these two design, we recreated a landscape of Glacier period by using concrete. For the Glacier Garden, I designed the broken playful stages on the ground to imitate the characteristics of a glacier. In order to attract people to explore and play. For the Icebound Bridge, I created a concrete tunnel with arches and provide people a kind of illusion of walking through the ice tunnel.

The Ordovician Garden There is a large cliff behind the construction with a very special shade RI UHGGLVK SXUSOH ZKHUH \RX ZRXOG ÀQG KXQGUHGV RI IRVVLOV 7KH GHVLJQ is focused on the fossils as the main characteristic of this site. I came up with the idea of building the concrete structure which would frame in a part of the cliff and would draw people’s attention to the fossils. The design encourages people to collect fossils, and help SHRSOH UHGHÀQH WKH PHDQLQJ RI ZDVWHODQG DEDQGRQHG ODQG

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Rosybloom Garden In this design, I decided to have a semi-enclosed public small garden, to achieve more possibilities of human activities. The cliff inside the garden divided the space into WZR OHYHOV DQG FRQQHFWHG WKURXJK VWDLUV 7KH ÁDW DUFKHV FDQ JLYH SHRSOH D VHQVH RI ceremony and lead people to the higher level, where they would be able to observe the whole site. In addition, the garden planted some Rosybloom Crabapples with concrete planters, in order to provide shade, sounds, creature, and a sense of sublime.

5HÁHFWLRQ RI 7KH 3DVW For the last part of the project, I focused on the present. To make a division within the past and the present which decided to switch the material from concrete to mirror. The reason I choose D PLUURU DV WKH PDLQ PDWHULDO LV EHFDXVH RXU SUHVHQW LV D UHÁHFWLRQ RI WKH SDVW 7KH VPDOO VHPL closed structure can provide a different sense of space compared with the open quarry.

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This picture is a collage, the structures are all come from the real project design, but I express humans’ imagination, and expanded humans’ DFWLRQ ,W UHÁHFWV SHRSOH·V IUHH ZLOO XQGHU WKH LQGHWHUPLQDWH VSDFHV Of course, the charm of indeterminate space is not just about action, but also the imagined vision of the land history. The prehistoric marine animal and ancient ocean are waking people’s memory of this land.

This collage shows the different understanding of creatures on the same land. Behavioral extensibility, and exploratory are the core idea of indeterminate spaces.

The prehistoric marine animal stand for people’s vision and imagination of the Ordovician period. It breaks the limitation of time and space. It is the interaction of the Glacier Garden and people vision. The memory of land has been rediscovered.

Rosybloom Garden

this collage shows people’s interaction of actual behavior and imagination.

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Reference 1. CHBC News. (2011, June 13). Retrieved from http://www.obwb.ca/newsite/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/110713_okanagan_lake_shoreline_at_risk_chbc_news_global_saskatoon.pdf 2. James H. Marsh. (2006, April 20). Okanagan Valley. Retrieved from http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/okanagan-valley/ 3. James H. Marsh. (2006, April 20). Okanagan Valley. Retrieved from http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/okanagan-valley/ 4. Ecoscape Environmental Consultants Ltd. (2014, May). Okanagan Wetlands Strategy | Okanagan Basin Water Board. Retrieved from http://www.obwb.ca/newsite/wp-content/uploads/13-1159-Wetlands-Strategy-Report-FINAL-MAY-2014.pdf 5. Kristi Iverson. (2008, September). Retrieved from http://a100.gov.bc.ca/appsdata/acat/documents/r15347/SEI_4810_rpt_1375996074737_7166f380f5815a3906f711c2e40ba811a133b7f4fd193d5bf01f92a67797b6ca.pdf 6. Kristi Iverson. (2008, September). Retrieved from http://a100.gov.bc.ca/appsdata/acat/documents/r15347/SEI_4810_rpt_1375996074737_7166f380f5815a3906f711c2e40ba811a133b7f4fd193d5bf01f92a67797b6ca.pdf 7. Weatherstats. (n.d.). Total Precipitation - Annual data for Kelowna. Retrieved from https://kelowna.weatherstats.ca/charts/precipitation-yearly.html 8. Garreau, J. (2011). Edge city: Life on the new frontier. New York, Canada: Anchor Books. 7KH 'DQLVK 1DWXUH $JHQF\ 5HWULHYHG IURP KWWSV GDQLVKEXVLQHVVDXWKRULW\ GN VLWHV GHIDXOW Ă€OHV IS HQJB B SGI 10. Jonathan G. Price, John L. Muntean, David A. Davis, Lisa Shevenell, & Richard Zehner. (2010). Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.590.2098&rep=rep1&type=pdf 11. Pam Graham: “Tallgrass Prairieâ€?ProQuest Discovery Guides http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/discoveryguides-main.php Released November 2011. 7KH 'DQLVK 1DWXUH $JHQF\ 5HWULHYHG IURP KWWSV GDQLVKEXVLQHVVDXWKRULW\ GN VLWHV GHIDXOW Ă€OHV IS HQJB B SGI 13. Oldearth. (n.d.). Online Earth History Curriculum - Chapter 3 - The Ordovician Period. Retrieved from http://www.oldearth.org/curriculum/history/earth_history_c3_ordovician.htm -DFTXHOLQH *URWK DQG (ULF &RULMQ ´5HFODLPLQJ 8UEDQLW\ ,QGHWHUPLQDWH 6SDFHV ,QIRUPDO $FWRUV Âľ 5HVHDUFK*DWH /DVW PRGLĂ€HG 0D\ KWWSV ZZZ UHVHDUFKJDWH QHW SXEOLFDWLRQ B5HFODLPLQJB8UEDQLW\B,QGHWHUPLQDWHB6SDFHVB,QIRUPDOB$FWRUVBDQGB8UEDQB$JHQGDB6HWWLQJ

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