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Applying for M.Arch in Urban Design The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL
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Modular Cottage │ Xishuangbanna, CN
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Commercial Pedestrain │ Kunming, CN
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Elderly Community Centre │ Kunming, CN
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Zhao Minshuku │ Honghe Prefecture, CN
T H E C O N S T R U C T I O N O F L O C A L C O T TA G E Typical Local Cottage:
Yunnan Province, CN
Construction Process:
Xishuangbanna Prefecture
Menghai County
1. Timber collection and processing; 2. Columns are interconnected by a tie beam;
3. Wooden support erected to fix the structures; 4. Columns are erected with assistance from local villagers;
5. The craftsmen finish residual jobs. 6. Pavement of floor slabs;
7. The roof truss is built; 8. Roof tiling.
Satellite Map of the Distribution of the Blang Ethnic Group
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M O D U L A R
1
5 km
C O T T A G E
Project Type: Academic Project Time: 2015/ year 4 Location: Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China Weather: Tropical and Subtropical Climate
This project derives from my architectural survey practice (over 20 days) and is located in the Laonandong Village in Menghai County of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, where villagers are the Blang ethnic group. I surveyed 5 buildings with typical local features and got comprehensive knowledge of the building process of local houses.
C H A L L E N G E A N D S T R AT E G Y During the whole construction process, the cottage is built with assistance of amonts of villagers and craftsmens. There are quite a few disadvantages in the local construction process: 1. Long time required for preparation of the construction (usually takes 2-3 years); 2. High costs; 3. Wooden building materials probably be easier damaged by termites and fire accidents; 4. The main wooden columns/ beams has to be bulky timbers, which adds the difficulty in timber collection and transportation; 5. The untrained local labor probably produce unpractical programming. As such, in this project, the concept of modular design is introduced on basis of local building styles, to standardize the designing and construction process of the local cottages and to improve the structural safety and service life of such cottages, so that the living quality of local residents is improved while the building costs are increasely cut down. It is worthwhile to promote this project in the local area.
Project1 - Modular Cottage - Xiangyu Na - Portfolio
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O B S E R VAT I O N Survey and Drawing: c d
e
b a
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Plan - a
Plan - b
Plan - c
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50
100m
Laonandong Village, the Blang Ethnic Group
Scenarios: " Yan Kanxiang is sad because her new tea Section - a
Section - b
gets wet by rain, while the son is repairing furniture besides him, making loud noises. It makes more annoyed and may easily cause a conflict between family members." collected is not properly concealed and
Section - c1
Current Program and Life: Section - c2
1. Cottages are built along hills and villagers live in groups. 2. Houses are in two-storey stilt structure of wood.
having rest after long time working, when the family is visited by a friend of
3. The first floor is used as storage and farming space. It has no external walls or partition walls. This structure helps to improve the ventilation and also protects the house from humid climate or wild animals.
his mother. They have some talks by the fireplace.
" The son is
4. The second floor is used as living space. It is supported by wood beams and columns. The slabs are also made of wood and walls are made by bamboo fences or wood boards. The second floor is divided into two parts: living room and bed rooms. Living conditions: In the central room, there is a fireplace in Chinese style that is used for cooking, heating and lighting purposes. Besides, visitors are also receive by the fireplace. There are no beds in the bed room, but the family sleeps on the floor by gender in the left and right side of the room.
The sleeping are provides
no privacy and
has
bad influences to the sleeper." Section - d
" The granddaughter Yan Shaowen comes back from school and is doing
her homework, while
Yan Shaokan is talking with visitors in the central
Heavy smoke comes out from the fireplace. Yan Shaowen has very poor studying environment that can barely protect the privacy of family members." room.
Section - e
Project1 - Modular Cottage - Xiangyu Na - Portfolio
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MODULE Existing Building Conditions:
Potential Relation between the Programming and the Module: 650
300
1800
The building materials are simple and are mainly wood except roof tiles. The wall shingle and floor is made by spliced
150
150mm wide wood boards. Bamboo split boards are used to cover the joints of floor. All furniture is made
of wood by hand. 1570
1500
1850
The building materials has poor precision in dimensions and are mainly dependent on the skills of craftsmen. Besides, the use of local materials become an inevitable choice to lower the building costs.
1250
Local Daily Schedule: 60 Families/ Time 0:00am
7:00am
12:00pm
18:00pm
22:00pm 3100
00 35
Potential Relation between the Human Dimensions and the Module:
900
750
2100
600
1200
1200
450
1800 600
900
Redrawing of the Human Dimensions [Reference: Interior Deign Data Set, Q. Zhang, 1991]
Sleep
Farm Work
Meal
House Work
Leisure
Go out
Prototype of the Module for the Local Construction: 750
2100
Project1 - Modular Cottage - Xiangyu Na - Portfolio
1500
2400
1350
1200
300
2700
1800
150
900
1950
450
3300 03
MODULAR DESIGN Take a typical local cottage - Cottage E as an example. Base on the basic module of 300mm, the programming and plan are produced as follow:
Scetion 1-1
Ground Floor Plan
First Floor Plan
Living Room
Dinning Room
Storage Farm Leisure
Bedroom Toilet
GF Programming:
Bedroom Toilet
1st F Programming: The wall added for divided different functional spaces from each others, especialy the bedrooms and living room. The family privacy can be provided.
Project1 - Modular Cottage - Xiangyu Na - Portfolio
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MODULAR CONSTRUCTION Apply:
Basic Materials:
Apply: Wooden Walls Module: 300*2100mm Glass Windows
Tile
Module: 900*1200mm
Tile: Module: 300*150mm Wood
Wooden Floor Slabs Module: 300*2400mm Concrete Belcony Slab: 4200*5400mm
Glass
Rafter: Varies from 300 to 4800mm Wooden Roof Truss Concrete Columns: 150*150*6000mm
Raised-beam Wooden Frame: Varies from 6000 to 15000mm
I-Steel
Physical Model Making, 1:100 Project1 - Modular Cottage - Xiangyu Na - Portfolio
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O B S E R VAT I O N
Business Area 4
Yunnan, CN Business Area 3
Kunming Proposed Business Area
Business Area 2
400m
Site Observation: The same as the most part of Kunming, the rapid
Business Area 1
urbanization has been producing
ordinary urban scape in the site, which barly shows the local tradition. Guandu District
1000m
1600m
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1000 m
Question Raised: There are multiple
Distribution diagram of neighboring business districts around the site
C O M M E R C I A L
P E D E S T R A I N
cultures and variety of ethnic groups in Kunming, Yunman vernacular architectures, Kunming used to be original and characteristic. What should the commercial area of Kunming be like, if it is the aim to recover the feature of the city in the era of the present urbanization? Province. With the extraordinary local
S T R AT E G Y
Project Type: Academic Project Time: 2014/ year 3
On basis of characteristics of the
Location: Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
land lot and local environment, the
Weather: Tropical and Subtropical Climate
project adopted “grid layout” that is peculiar to local traditional houses,
This project is a construction plan of the White Tower CBD in Kunming, Yunnan Province. The project is located in White Tower business district in the centre of Kunming, with total land coverage of 21,600 square meters, and is proposed to satisfy needs of local residents for commerce, catering, entertainment, exhibitions and education.
in order to build a business district that has simple style but strong local features and can meet the functional requirements. Image: Diagram of the ‘Grid Layout’ unit. Applying it to the Site
Project2 - Commercial Pedestrain - Xiangyu Na - Portfolio
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S T U D Y O F T H E ' G R I D L AY O U T '
“Grid layout” is a typical architectural layout of traditional residences in Yunnan and is composed of individual building structures of various styles in a “3*3”
pattern.
This project adopts elements in the “grid layout” architectural layout.
Reference: Lijiang Shuhe Old Town
P R O T O T Y P E S S T U D I E D F R O M T H E ' G R I D L AY O U T '
Diagram of the flow within the group
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
The commercial area is comprised of four groups, and each of the four groups includes 6 stand-alone building structures. Together with road pavement and landscape design, they form a “3*3 grid layout”. The stand-alone structures are built by steel structures, wood boards and full-height glass windows, with horizontal windows on the external walls for purposes of ventilation and lighting functions etc. Buildings of different styles are selected on basis of their locations and functions, for each building group, in order to provide users with diversified experiences.
5 Selected Prototypes from a Series of Variation:
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l
m
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Sub-flow Main Flow
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VA R I AT I O N A N D A P P L I C AT I O N On basis of local traditional building forms and in combination of functional requirements of the business district, the project strives to build a group of building structures that can both carry forward traditional cultures and meet structural and functional requirements of modern buildings.
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5k
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Project2 - Commercial Pedestrain - Xiangyu Na - Portfolio
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ZOOM IN Street landscape design also follows the styles of individual buildings and is composed of water, tree matrix, grassland and pavement. Squares are designed at main entrances to the district area, guiding customers and visitors into the business district.
Water Feature 1
Landscape Architecture 1: from inside to outside
Catering
Landscape Architecture 2
Water Feature 3 Project2 - Commercial Pedestrain - Xiangyu Na - Portfolio
Water Feature 2
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PHYSICAL MODEL
F U N C T I O N A L L AY O U T
Commercial
Catering
Entertaining
Gallery
Education
PROGRAMMING 1
2
3
4
5
D
D
Second Floor First Floor C
C 1
2
3
4
5
2
3
4
5
Ground Floor
Second Floor Plan 1
1
2
3
4
5
D
D
D
D
C
C
C
C
B
B
B
B
A
A
A 1
Ground Floor Plan
2
3
4
5
A 1
2
3
4
5
First Floor Plan Project2 - Commercial Pedestrain - Xiangyu Na - Portfolio
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Living Situation: Live with children
16% 24%
38% 22%
Live with mate Live with household Live along
One Day Life: Other
20%
House work
29%
Work
8%
Entertaining
40%
Yunnan, CN
Expecting Program: 92%
Activity
70%
Elderly College
27%
Reading room
40%
Open space
65%
Nursering
38%
Catering
11%
Fishing
8%
Mini-farm
16%
Hostle
3%
Markect
54%
House service
59%
Other
5%
Existing yard/ outdoor space=parking lots Kunming
Si te
Clinic
Xinying District
Leisure Time: Community
38%
Internet
22%
Hobbies
35%
Reading
79%
Activity
82%
Chat
78%
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I propose to create a multi-functional community activity center to satisfy the increasing needs of the service for the local elderly residence, by transforming a local abandonment.
Residence Site
ELDERLY
COMMUNITY
CENTRE
STRTEGY This project chooses an abandoned workshop as a design site and with occupying no more land. Maintain the main structure of the old construction and install the “Hanging Block�. Through the application of steel truss and vertical traffic, the indoor space is suspended and organically combines the building form and outdoor landscape.
Project Type: Academic Project Time: 2014/ year 3 Location: Kunming, Yunnan Province, China Weather: Tropical and Subtropical Climate
Xinying District is an old district, which developed from the 1980s. Buildings in this district are mainly low-storey, managed by a number of companies and organizations. There is high density of population and limited outdoor space. The data show that 84% households have elderly family members and 92% of the elderly people choose medical and health organization as a necessary facility while 70% of that expect activity place in the community. It is found that a community activity place is an urgent need for the local aged residence.
Diagram: the Original Concept of the Project
Project3 - Elderly Community Centre - Xiangyu Na - Portfolio
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T R A N S F O R M AT I O N
Original
Remove
The Existing Closed yard
Remove the Roof
More Open
Maintain the Walls
The Installed Structure
Access
The Hanging Block:
Double Layers
Upper Floor
Vertical Flow
Service
With full utilization of its main structure, the project introduced the “hanging block� by combining actual situations in neighboring buildings and open ground. By the application of steel truss structure, the workshop is modified and rebuilt into a multi-functional community activity center. The major functional zones include: Outdoor leisure area, medical service station, small theatres, gymnasium, library, art room and chess room, etc. This project provides an alternative to the shortage of lands and makes reasonable application of architectural design concepts and modern construction methods in a cunning way. It strives to create a comfortable and practical building works.
Section of the Block:
a
b
c
d
e
f
Vertical Transport Steel Truss Structure Upper Second Layer Lower Second Layer Remained Walls Inside Open Space Elevation 1
Elevation 2
Project3 - Elderly Community Centre - Xiangyu Na - Portfolio
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STRUCTURE Details and Structure:
The Hanging Block:
Project3 - Elderly Community Centre - Xiangyu Na - Portfolio
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PROGRAMMING
Landscape Architecture
Ground Floor
Upper Second Floor
Lower Second Floor
Project3 - Elderly Community Centre - Xiangyu Na - Portfolio
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O B S E R VAT I O N Traditional Architecture Feature and the Existing Condition:
Yunnan, CN
Honghe Prefecture
Jianshui
Jianshui
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500 m
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The Traditional Constructing Method:
Project Type: Rrofessional Project Time: 2014/ Intern Location: Honghe, Yunnan Province, China
This messuage, which used to belong to the Zhao, derive from the Qin dynasty. Currently, the local authority of where the Zhao messuage located is on the way to develop the local tourist industry. Some previous cases of tourism development in Yunnan province have the increasment of local economy but the negative effect upon the local architecture. The local ethnic architectures gradually lost its soul during the unthoughtful developement. So there is the question: how do the local architecture better meet the tourism requirement but also keep the local features and help to maintain the original life style? Project4 - Zhao Minshuku - Xiangyu Na - Portfolio
Colums and Flooslab
Beams
Rafters
Tiles
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EXISTING N
PLANNING N
Existing Ground Floor
Ground Floor Plan
Existing Second Floor
Second Floor Plan Project4 - Zhao Minshuku - Xiangyu Na - Portfolio
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L O C A L F E AT U R E
PROGRAMMING 5
11 12
1
5
1
13 14 The Northern Elevation
The Eastern Elevation
5 6 15
One Tenant
One Suite
Passage
Passage
Existing Second Floor
Second Floor
3 Western Elevation
1
The Southern Elevation
2
K Kitchen S Storage Room B Bathroom
Section 1-1
4 B
K S B 5 B
2
6 8 7 K 9
1
2
2
B 10
3
K S
3 5
3 K 4
Shared Lounge Private Bathroom
Shared use
Shared use
One Tenant
One Suite
Passage
Passage
Existing Space Utility
6
4
Planning Utility - Ground Floor
Section 2-2
Entry
Section 4-4
Section 3-3
Rendering Project4 - Zhao Minshuku - Xiangyu Na - Portfolio
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