Select Bibliography introduction barral i altet, xavier, The Romanesque: Towns, Cathedrals and Monasteries, Cologne, 1998. conant, kenneth j., Carolingian and Romanesque Architecture 800 to 1200, Harmondsworth, 1974; first published 1959. kubach, hans, Romanesque Architecture, London, 1988; first published as Architettura romanica, 1972; first published in English, 1975. mcclendon, charles b., The Origins of Medieval Architecture, New Haven and London, 2005. stalley, roger, Early Medieval Architecture, Oxford, 1999. vergnolle, Ă©liane, LâArt roman en France, Paris, 1994. 1
the romanesque style in architecture: past and current definitions
barral i altet, xavier, Contre lâart roman? Essai sur un passĂ© rĂ©inventĂ©, Paris, 2006. bizzarro, tina waldeier, Romanesque Architectural Criticism: A Prehistory, Cambridge, 1992. quintavalle, arturo carlo, âI medioevi delle nazioni: art roman e art gothique in Occidenteâ, in Quintavalle, 2007c, 11â24. sauerlĂ€nder, willibald, âRomanesque Art 2000: A Worn Out Notion?â, in Hourihane, 2008, 40â56. 2
the political and cultural contexts
bartlett, robert, The Making of the Middle Ages: Conquest, Colonization and Cultural Change 950â1350, London, 1994. le goff, jacques, LâEurope, est-elle nĂ©e au moyen age?, Paris, 2003. mckitterick, rosamund, The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians, 751â987, London and New York, 1983. 3
the romanesque style in context
grodecki, louis, LâArchitecture ottonienne, Paris, 1958. krautheimer, richard, Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture, Harmondsworth, 1975. stalley, roger, Early Medieval Architecture, Oxford, 1999. ward-perkins, j.âb., Roman Imperial Architecture, Harmondsworth, 1983. 4
the carolingian state from 768 to 843
heitz, carol, LâArchitecture religieuse carolingienne, Paris, 1980. hubert, jean, jean porcher, and w.âf. volbach, Carolingian Art, London, 1970. jacobsen, werner, leo schaefer, and hans rudolf sennhauser, Vorromanische Kirchenbauten. Katalog der DenkmĂ€ler bis zum Ausgang der Ottonen, Nachtragsband, Munich, 1991. krautheimer richard, âThe Carolingian Revival of Early Christian Architectureâ, Art Bulletin, 24, 1942, 1â38. mcclendon, charles b., âCarolingian Art, II: Architectureâ, Macmillan Dictionary of Art, 1996, vol. 5, 793â6. oswald, friedrich, leo schaefer, and hans rudolf sennhauser, Vorromanische Kirchenbauten: Katalog der DenkmĂ€ler bis zum Ausgang der Ottonen, 3 vols, Munich, 1966.
5
the division of the carolingian empire in 843 and the origins ofââthe german, french and italian romanesque traditions
a.â The eastern and central states, 843â1024 beuckers, klaus, johannes cramer, and michael imhof, eds., Die Ottonen. Kunst, Architektur, Geschichte, Petersberg, 2001. grodecki, louis, LâArchitecture ottonienne, Paris, 1958. puhle, matthias, ed., Otto der Grosse, Magdeburg und Europa, 2 vols, Mainz, 2001. reuter, timothy, Germany in the Early Middle Ages, c. 800â1056, London, 1991. b.â The West Carolingian Kingdom, 843â987 mckitterick, rosamund, The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians, 751â987, London and New York, 1983. stratford, neil, ed., Cluny 910â2010: onze siĂšcles de rayonnement, Paris, 2010. c.â Lotharingia and the First Romanesque style, 843âc. 1050 armi, c. edson, Design and Construction in Romanesque Architecture: First Romanesque Architecture in Burgundy and North Italy, Cambridge, 2004. donati, maria teresa, and sara masseroli, âLombardia romanica: caratteri generali e specificitĂ localiâ, in Bertelli, 2002, 226â41. porter, arthur kingsley, Lombard Architecture, New York, 1967; first published 1917. puig i cadafalch, josep y casals, Le Premier Art roman, Paris, 1928. puig i cadafalch, josep y casals, La GĂ©ographie et les origines du premier art roman, Paris, 1935. puig i cadafalq, josep y casals, a. de falguera, and j. goday, Lâarquitectura romĂ nica a Catalunya, vol. 2, Barcelona, 1911. vergnolle, Ă©liane, âLes DĂ©buts de lâart roman dans le royaume franc (ca.980âca.1000)â, Cahiers de la Civilisation MĂ©diĂ©vale, 43, 2000, 161â94. 6
the other states of western christianity from the ninth century to the eleventh
a.â The Iberian peninsula dodds, jerrilynn d., Architecture and Ideology in Early Medieval Spain, University Park, Penn., and London, 1990. puig i cadafalch, josep y casals, LâArt wisigothique et ses survivances, Paris, 1961. b.â Anglo-Saxon England fernie, eric, The Architecture of the Anglo-Saxons, London, 1983. gem, richard, Studies in English Pre-Romanesque and Romanesque Architecture, London, 2004. c.â Central Europe beneĆĄovskĂĄ, klara, tomĂĄĆĄ durdĂk, and zdenÄk dragoun, Architecture of the Romanesque, Prague, 2001. Ćwiechowski, zygmunt, Romanesque Art in Poland, Warsaw, 1983.
7 the german empire north of the alps gall, ernst, Cathedrals and Abbey Churches of the Rhine, London, 1963. genicot, luc-fr., Les Ăglises mosanes du XIe siĂšcle, Louvain, 1972. kubach, hans, and albert verbeek, Romanische Hallenkirchen an Rhein und Maas, Neuss, 1972. kubach, hans, and isolde köhler-schommer, Romanische Hallenkirchen in Europa, Mainz, 1997. kuile, engelbert h. ter, De Romaanse Kerkbouwkunst in de Nederlanden, Zutphen, 1982. plant, richard, âArchitectural Developments in the Empire North of the Alps: The Patronage of the Imperial Courtâ, in Hiscock, 2003, 29â56. singleton, barrie, âKöln-Deutz and Romanesque Architectureâ, Journal of the British Archaeological Association, 143, 1990, 49â76. stiegemann, christoph, and matthias wemhoff, eds., Canossa 1077. ErschĂŒtterung der Welt. Geschichte, Kunst und Kultur am Aufgang der Romanik, exh. cat., 2 vols, Munich, 2006. von winterfeld, dethard, âThe Imperial Cathedrals of Speyer, Mainz and Worms: The Current State of Researchâ, in Engel and Gajewski, 2007, 14â32. 8
the italian peninsula and its islands
bertelli, carlo, ed., Lombardia medievale: arte e architettura, Milan, 2002. brucher, gĂŒnter, Die Sakrale Baukunst Italiens im 11. und 12. Jahrhundert, Cologne, 1987. dâonofrio, mario, ed., I normanni, popolo dâEuropa, 1030â1200, Venice, 1994. kappel, kai., S. Nicola in Bari und seine architektonische Nachfolger, Worms, 1996. krautheimer richard, Three Christian Capitals: Topography and Politics, Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London, 1983. magni, mariaclotilde, Architettura romanica comasca, Milan, 1960. peroni, adriano, ed., Il Duomo di Pisa, Modena, 1995. quintavalle, arturo carlo, Il medioevo delle cattedrali: chiesa e impero: la lotta delle imagini (secoli XI e XII), Milan, 2006. quintavalle, arturo carlo, ed., Medioevo: la chiesa e il palazzo, Parma, 2007. thĂŒmmler, h., âDie Baukunst des 11ten Jahrhunderts in Italienâ, Römisches Jahrbuch fĂŒr Kunstgeschichte, 3, 1939, 141â226. tronzo, william, The Cultures of His Kingdom: Roger II and the Cappella Palatina in Palermo, Princeton, 1997. 9
northern france and the east-west section ofââthe loire valley
aubert, marcel, CathĂ©drales, abbatiales, collĂ©giales et prieurĂ©s romans de France, Paris, 1965. baylĂ©, maylis, LâArchitecture normande au Moyen Age, 2 vols, Caen, 1997. enlart, camille, Manuel dâarchĂ©ologie française. PremiĂšre partie: architecture religieuse, 3rd edn, vol. 1, Paris, 1927. gaborit-chopin, danielle, et al., La France romane au temps des premiers CapĂ©tiens (987â1152), exh. cat., MusĂ©e du Louvre, Paris, 2005.
This bibliography is published in Eric Fernie: Romanesque Architecture (Pelican History of Art) available from Yale University Press www.yalebooks.co.uk isbn 078-0300-20354-7
select bibliography â âąâïČï¶ï”
lasteyrie, robert de, LâArchitecture rĂ©ligieuse en France ĂĄ lâĂ©poque romane, Paris, 1929; first published 1912. prache, anne, Ile-de-France romane, La-Pierre-qui-Vire, 1983. vergnolle, Ă©liane, LâArt roman en France, Paris, 1994.
salvini, roberto, âConques, Compostella e LeĂłn: problemi di cronologia alle origini della scultura romanicaâ, in Stratford, 1987, 171â7. whitehill, walter m., Spanish Romanesque Architecture, Oxford, [1941], 1968.
10 france south of the loire
13 england, wales, ireland and scotland
camus, marie-thĂ©rĂšse, and claude andrault-schmitt, eds., Notre-Dame-la-Grande de Poitiers: lâoeuvre romane, Paris, 2002. maxwell, robert a., âModern Origins of Romanesque Sculptureâ, in Rudolph, 2006a, 334â56. maxwell, robert a., The Art of Medieval Urbanism: Parthenay in Romanesque Aquitaine, University Park, Penn., 2007. shaver-crandell, annie, and paula gerson, The Pilgrimâs Guide to Santiago de Compostela: A Gazetteer, London, 1995. vergnolle, Ă©liane, LâArt roman en France, Paris, 1994.
a.âEngland clapham, alfred, English Romanesque Architecture after the Conquest, Oxford, 1934. crook, john, The Architectural Setting of the Cult of Saints in the Early Christian West c. 300âc. 1200, Oxford, 2000. fergusson, peter, Architecture of Solitude: Cistercian Abbeys in Twelfth-century England, Princeton, 1984. fernie, eric, The Architecture of Norman England, Oxford, 2000. gem, richard, Studies in English Pre-Romanesque and Romanesque Architecture, London, 2004. goodall, john, The English Castle, 1066â1650, New Haven and London, 2011.
11 france east of the loire, with the kingdom ofââburgundy and the crusader states a.â France east of the Loire baud, anne, Cluny: un grand chantier mĂ©diĂ©val au coeur de lâEurope, Paris, 2003. conant, kenneth john, Cluny: les Ă©glises et la maison du chef dâordre, Cambridge, Mass., and MĂącon, 1968. stratford, neil, ed., Cluny 910â2010: onze siĂšcles de rayonnement, Paris, 2010. b.â The Kingdom of Burgundy borg, alan, Architectural Sculpture in Romanesque Provence, Oxford, 1972. hartmann-virnich, andreas, âLâImage de lâart monumental antique dans lâarchitecture romane Provençale: nouvelles rĂ©flexions sur un ancient dĂ©batâ, Cahiers de SaintMichel de Cuxa, 39, 2008, 47â64. vergnolle, Ă©liane, ed., La CrĂ©ation architecturale en Franche-ComtĂ© au XIIe siĂšcle: du roman au gothique, Besançon, 2001. c.â The Crusader states folda, jaroslav, The Art of the Crusaders in the Holy Land, 1098â1187, Cambridge, 1995. pringle, denys, The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Corpus, 4 vols, Cambridge, 1993â2009. 12 the iberian peninsula a.â Santiago de Compostela castiñeiras, manuel, ed., Compostela and Europe: The Story of Diego GelmĂrez, Santiago de Compostela and Milan, 2010. shaver-crandell, annie, and paula gerson, The Pilgrimâs Guide to Santiago de Compostela: A Gazetteer, London, 1995. williams, john, and alison stones, eds., The Codex Calixtinus and the Shrine of St James, TĂŒbingen, 1988. b.â The kingdoms castiñeiras, manuel, âVerso Santiago? La scultura romanica da Jaca a Compostellaâ, in Quintavalle, 2007c, 387â96. dodds, jerrilynn d., marĂa rosa menocal, and abigail krasner balbale, The Arts of Intimacy: Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the Making of Castilian Culture, New Haven and London, 2010. durliat, marcel, LâArt roman en Espagne, Paris, 1962.
b.âWales thurlby, malcolm, Romanesque Architecture and Sculpture in Wales, Little Logaston, Herefs., 2007. c.âIreland Ăł carragĂĄin, tomĂĄs, Churches in Early Medieval Ireland: Architecture, Ritual and Memory, New Haven and London, 2010. oâkeeffe, tadhg, Romanesque Ireland: Architecture and Ideology in Twelfth-century Ireland, Dublin, 2003. stalley, roger, âEcclesiastical Architecture before 1169â, in DĂĄibhi Ă CrĂłinĂn, ed., The New History of Ireland, vol. 1, Oxford, 2005, 714â43. d.âScotland fawcett, richard, Scottish Medieval Churches, Stroud, 2002. fawcett, richard, The Architecture of the Scottish Medieval Church, 1100â1560, New Haven and London, 2011. sharratt, france and peter sharratt, Ăcosse romane, La-Pierre-qui-Vire, 1985. 14 central europe and scandinavia a.â Central Europe bachmann, e., ed., Romanik in Böhmen, Munich, 1977. beneĆĄovskĂĄ, klara, tomĂĄĆĄ durdĂk, and zdenÄk dragoun, Architecture of the Romanesque, Prague, 2001. MerhautovĂĄ-LivorovĂĄ, AneĆŸka, Romanische Kunst in Polen, der Tschechoslovakei, Ungarn, RumĂ€nien, Jugoslavien, Vienna and Munich, 1974. Ćwiechowski, zygmunt, Romanesque Art in Poland, Warsaw, 1983. szakĂĄcs, bĂ©la zsolt, âThe research on Romanesque architecture in Hungary: a critical overview of the last twenty yearsâ, Arte Medievale, n.s. 4, 2005, 31â44. b.âScandinavia andersson, aron, LâArt scandinave, 2 vols, La-Pierre-quiVire, 1968â9. hohler, erla bergendahl, Norwegian Stave Church Sculpture, 2 vols, Oslo, 1999. 15 romanesque versus gothic bony, jean, French Gothic Architecture of the 12th and 13th Centuries, Berkeley, 1983. frankl, paul, Gothic Architecture, rev. Paul Crossley, New Haven and London, 2000; first published 1962.
kimpel, dieter and robert suckale, Die gotische Architektur in Frankreich: 1130â1270, Munich, 1995. kubach, hans, Romanesque Architecture, London, 1988; first published as Architettura romanica, 1972; first published in English, 1975. trachtenberg, marvin, âDesedimenting Time: Gothic Column/Paradigm Shifterâ, Anthropology and Aesthetics, 40, 2001, 5â28. 16 the boundaries ofââthe romanesque style austin, david, and leslie alcock, eds., From the Baltic to the Black Sea: Studies in Medieval Archaeology, London, 1990. ÄurÄiÄ, slobodan, Architecture in the Balkans, New Haven and London, 2010. faensen, hubert, and vladimir ivanov, Early Russian Architecture, London, 1975. power, david and naomi standen, eds., Frontiers in Question: Eurasian Borderlands, 700â1700, Basingstoke, 1999. 17 patronage, design and construction alexander, jennifer s., âThe Introduction and Use of Masonsâ Marks in Romanesque Buildings in Englandâ, Medieval Archaeology, 51, 2007, 63â81. barnes, carl f. jr, The Portfolio of Villard de Honnecourt, Burlington, Vt., 2009. binding, gĂŒnther, Romanischer Baubetrieb in zeitgenössischen Darstellungen, Cologne, 1972. binding, gĂŒnther, Medieval Building Techniques, Stroud, 2004. bork, robert, The Geometry of Creation, Farnham, 2011. coldstream, nicola, Masons and Sculptors, London and Toronto, 1991. hahnloser, hans, Villard de Honnecourt. Kritische Gesamtausgabe, Graz, 1972. hartmann-virnich, andreas, Was ist Romanik? Geschichte, Formen und Technik des romanischen Kirchenbaus, Darmstadt, 2004. kidson, peter, âSystems of Measurement and Proportion in Early Medieval Architectureâ, PhD thesis, 2 vols, Courtauld Institute, University of London, 1956. lugli, emanuele, âHidden in Plain Sight: The Pietre di Paragone and the Preeminence of Medieval Measurements in Communal Italyâ, Gesta, 49, no. 2, 2010, 77â95. macready, s. and f.âh. thompson, eds., Art and Patronage in the English Romanesque, London, 1986. mark, robert, ed., Architectural Technology up to the Scientific Revolution, Cambridge, Mass., and London, 1993. tosco, carlo, Architetti e committenti nel romanico Lombardo, Rome, 1997. yeomans, david, âThe Geometry of a Piece of Stringâ, Architectural History, 54, 2011, 23â47. wu, nancy, ed., Ad Quadratum: The Practical Application of Geometry in Medieval Architecture, Aldershot, 2002. 18 church buildings: function blaauw, sible de, Cultus et decor, 2 vols, Vatican City, 1994. braunfels, wolfgang, Monasteries of Western Europe: The Architecture of the Orders, London, 1972. doig, allan, Liturgy and Architecture: From the Early Church to the Middle Ages, Aldershot, 2008. heitz, carol, Recherches sur les rapports entre architecture et liturgie Ă lâĂ©poque carolingienne, Paris, 1963. krautheimer, richard, Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture, Harmondsworth, 1975. mcclendon, charles b., The Origins of Medieval Architecture, New Haven and London, 2005.
This bibliography is published in Eric Fernie: Romanesque Architecture (Pelican History of Art) available from Yale University Press www.yalebooks.co.uk isbn 078-0300-20354-7
ïČï¶ï¶â âąâ romanesque architecture 19 church buildings: iconography
21 secular buildings
baldwin smith, e., The Dome: A Study in the History of Ideas, Princeton, 1971; first published 1950. bresc-bautier, geneviĂšve, âLes Imitations du St-SĂ©pulchre de Jerusalem (IXeâXVe siecles): archĂ©ologie dâune dĂ©votionâ, Revue dâhistoire de la spiritualitĂ©, 50, 1974, 330â7. fernie, eric, âThe Use of Varied Nave Supports in Romanesque and Early Gothic Churchesâ, Gesta, 23, 1984, 107â17. kiilerich, bente, âAntiquus et modernus: Spolia in Medieval Art â Western, Byzantine and Islamicâ, in Quintavalle, 2006b, 135â45. kinney, dale, âThe Concept of Spoliaâ, in Rudolph, 2006a, 232â52. krautheimer richard, âThe Carolingian Revival of Early Christian Architectureâ, Art Bulletin, 24, 1942, 1â38. malmström, r.âe., âThe Colonnades of High Medieval Churches at Romeâ, Gesta, 14, no. 2, 1975, 37â45. traeger, jörg, Mittelalterliche Architekturfiktion. Die Allerheiligenkapelle am Regensburger Domkreuzgang, ZĂŒrich, 1980.
barral i altet, xavier, The Romanesque: Towns, Cathedrals and Monasteries, Cologne, 1998. garrigou grandchamp, pierre, âObservations sur lâhabitat et le tissu bĂąti des villes aux XIIe et XIIIe siĂšcles en Languedoc occidentalâ, Cahiers de Saint-Michel de Cuxa, 33, 2002, 97â141. meirion-jones, gwyn, Edward Impey and Michael Jones, eds., The Seigneurial Residence in Western Europe, AD c. 800â1600, BAR international series 1088, Oxford, 2002. renoux, annie, Palais royaux et princiers au moyen Ăąge, Le Mans, 1996.
20 monastic buildings braunfels, wolfgang, Monasteries of Western Europe: The Architecture of the Orders, London, 1972. brenk, beat, âZum Problem der VierflĂŒgelanlage (Claustrum) in frĂŒhchristlichen und frĂŒhmittelalterlichen Klösternâ, in Ochsenbein and Schmuki, 2002, 185â215. fergusson, peter, Canterbury Cathedral Priory in the Age of Becket, New Haven and London, 2011. Gesta, 12, 1973. horn, walter, and ernest born, The Plan of St Gall, 3 vols, Berkeley, 1979.
22 research methods baxandall, michael, Patterns of Intention: On the Historical Explanation of Pictures, New Haven and London, 1985. dacosta kaufmann, thomas, Towards a Geography of Art, Chicago, 2004. derrida, jacques, âLimited Inc, abcââ.ââ.ââ.â Glyph, 2, 1977, 162â254. elsner, jaĆ, âStyleâ, in Nelson and Schiff, 2003, 98â109. lowden, john, and alix bovey, eds., Under the Influence: The Concept of Influence and the Study of Illuminated Manuscripts, Turnhout, 2007. onians, john, Neuroarthistory: From Aristotle and Pliny to Baxandall and Zeki, New Haven and London, 2007. rodwell, warwick, The Archaeology of Churches, Stroud, 2012. sauerlĂ€nder, willibald, âFrom Stilus to Style: Reflections on the Fate of a Notionâ, Art History, 6, 1983, 253â70. summers, david, âHeinrich Wölfflinâs Kunstgeschichtliche Grundbegriffe, 1915â, Burlington Magazine, 151, 2009, 476â9.
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Glossary Numbers in square brackets refer to figure references. aisleâ narrower and normally lower space flanking a larger one, usually as one of a pair. In churches the central space is referred to as the nave [3, 20, 251, 310]. âThree-aisledâ is also used, especially for secular halls where the term nave is not appropriate [388]. alternationâ traditionally used for any repeated mixture of supports, regardless of the numbers of units involved [3, 61]. ambulatoryâ continuation of the aisles of the east arm around the head of the main vessel [105, 175]. A furniture ambulatory is one consisting of screens and not forming part of the building [211, 212]. angle rollâ see Moulding. apseâ semicircular space for ritual purposes [28a]. âenclosed apse: one which is semicircular on the inside and rectangular on the outside [105]. arcade, arcadingâ row of arches; the main arcade in a church or hall is the ground floor of an elevation, consisting of the arches between the main vessel and an aisle [3]. âblind arcade, arcading: row of arches forming part of a wall [106 and 208]. âinterlaced arcading: two rows of superimposed blind arcading with the arches seemingly placed alternately in front of and behind their neighbours [313]. ashlarâ see Masonry. atriumâ courtyard at the entrance to a church [147]. attached shaftâ see Shaft. baileyâ enclosure in a castle [234, 265]. barrel vaultâ see Vault. basilicaâ in ecclesiastical architecture, a longitudinal building with aisles, the central vessel of which rises above the aisles to form a clerestory [3, 24, 29, 61]. The type can be both wood-roofed and vaulted. In Antiquity and the Middle Ages the Latin word basilica was used for any grand building, whether longitudinal or centralized (Einhard, for example, refers to Aachen Palace Chapel by the term). billetâ see Moulding. bondingâ see Masonry. buttressâ thickening of the wall to increase stability or to provide resistance to the thrust of an arch or vault [200].
campanileâ see Tower. capitalâ member at the head of a column, half-shaft, or pier; in the case of the column and half-shaft providing a visual conclusion to the shaft and a transition from it to the arch or beam being supported [3, 33, 37, 38]. âabacus: slab placed on top of the capital to provide a regular surface to support an arch or beam. âCorinthian capital: bowl with four volutes supporting the four corners of the abacus; bowl decorated with rows of leaves [29, 38]. âcrocket capital: derived from the Corinthian variety, but with volutes on the face of the capital as well as under the corners of the abacus. âcushion capital: in theory spherical in its lower half and square in its upper, providing a transition from the cylindrical shape of the shaft to the rectangular section of the arch, forming a shield or lunette shape on each face. At its most geometrical the type is formed by the intersection of a cube and a sphere, the diagonal of the side of the cube forming the diameter of the sphere [33, 90, 139, 289]. Sometimes called a cubic or cubical capital. âprismatic capital: simplified type formed of a plain body combined with an inverted triangular shape representing the volutes and abacus of the Corinthian capital [57, 322]. âscallop capital: formed when one face or shield of a cushion capital is divided into two or more shields [67, 288]. âvolute capital: one in which the transition from circular base to square abacus at the top is effected by the presence of a volute (scroll) at each corner [37, 61, 62]. The basic form of the Corinthian capital. chamferâ bevel at approximately 45 degrees between two surfaces at right angles to one another; common on abaci and plinths [386]. chancelâ see Presbytery. chevronâ see Moulding. choirâ a. where the choir stalls are located, with the presbytery to the east and the choir screen to the west; b. also used to describe the east arm of a church; see also presbytery. âchoir screen: screen at the west end of the choir, separating it from the nave sanctuary. chordâ line from which the curve of an apse is struck.
churchâ âhall church: an aisled building in which the aisles are approximately the same height as the main vessel, placing the three elements under a single roof and excluding a clerestory. In the pure version of the type the arches and vaults of the aisles spring from the same level as those of the nave [201]; in the secondary or extended type the vaults of the nave spring from the tops of the arcade arches and those of the aisles from the capitals of the arcade [203]. The hall church is therefore distinguished from the basilica, which has a storey such as a gallery or clerestory between the arcades and the vault of the nave. The term âhall churchâ is sometimes used for buildings consisting of a single space without aisles, but as these are simple boxes it seems more useful to restrict the label to the aisled type. âmagnateâs or private church or chapel: one built for the use of the magnate or feudal lord. âproprietary church: one built for the use of a magnate but outside their immediate dwelling and intended to serve the inhabitants of the manor. ciboriumâ altar canopy. claustralâ pertaining to the cloister, as in âclaustral squareâ. clerestoryâ storey of a central vessel which stands above the level of the aisles and allows light to enter the main space [3, 61, 137]. cloister vaultâ see Vault. columnâ supporting member consisting of a cylindrical shaft carrying a capital and normally resting on a base [3, 27]. Its cylindrical shape distinguishes the column from the pier, which relates to the wall and hence has a rectangular core [17]. A column composed of blocks of coursed masonry as opposed to cylindrical drums is often referred to as a columnar pier [258]. âhalf-column: half of the base, shaft and capital of a whole column [2]. compound pierâ see Pier. corbelâ support protruding from a wall, without its own column or pilaster. crossingâ formed by the intersection of the axis of the east arm and nave on the one hand and that of the transept on the other.
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ïČïžï°â âąâ romanesque architecture cryptâ room or rooms below or in close relationship with the sanctuary of a church, often used for burial, especially of saints; it need not be subterranean; usually vaulted [139, 156, 257]. âouter crypt: crypt lying outside the apse wall [55, 113]. âring crypt: semicircular passage under the sanctuary following the curve of the apse wall, permitting access to the space under the high altar [28a, 353a]. diaphragm archâ arch between two walls which does not help carry a vault [135]. domeâ vault in the form of a hemisphere. Where it is built over a square the transition from the square to the circular base of the dome is performed in one of two ways. Pendentives or spherical triangles are segments of a dome which has as its diameter the diagonal of the square, whereas that of the dome itself uses the side of the square [212]. Squinches are composed of arches placed across the corners of the square, getting broader as they rise to the base of the dome [356]. In a pendentive dome the pendentives continue in order to form the dome, without a separate base and therefore producing a shape much lower than a hemisphere. Also called a sail vault. donjon
see Great Tower.
doppelkapelle
type of chapel with a cross-insquare plan with two storeys joined by an open central bay. Used by magnates and especially popular among bishops.
eaves galleryâ wall passage at the level of the eaves, open to the exterior [7, 149, 295]. echelon east endâ main apse flanked by apses or other units at the ends of the side aisles, often with more off the transept arms as well, forming an echelon or V shape of three, five, or seven apses [56, 209]. exedraâ semicircular form like an apse but not aligned with the main axis of a church [42]. façadeâ âsectional façade: one which follows the section of the elements, such as the nave and aisles, of the church behind it; also known as a screen façade [154, 162]. gableâ triangular shape at the end of a roof [154, 162, 268], or over a portal [270, 371]. galileeâ a structure at the west end of a church used for burial rituals [56, 216]. The name derives from Christâs appearance in Galilee after the Resurrection. A kind of narthex. galleryâ in churches, the storey of a nave elevation between the main arcade and the clerestory [3] or vault [8]. French usage,
which has been adopted by most art historians, distinguishes a tribune gallery with an exterior wall and windows (like an aisle at first-floor level) [3, 8, 22, 61] from a triforium gallery consisting of the aisle roof space, without an outer wall or windows [184]. The distinction is complicated by English âtribuneâ also referring to the gallery of a magnate or the head of an institution, normally placed at the west end and on the axis of the church [85]. In this book I have used gallery for the large, aisle-like form, triforium for the storey representing the aisle roof space, and tribune or tribune gallery for the one used by the magnate. âplatform gallery: a platform in the arm of a transept at the level of the galleries in the nave and east arm [187]. garderobeâ the place set aside for defecating and urinating has spawned a large number of euphemisms, as much in the Middle Ages as in modern times, including necessarium, reredorter, latrine, lavatory, toilet, privy, W.C., garderobe, and cloakroom. All have misleading overtones â latrines of the campsite, garderobes of Victorian gentility, and privies of the army camp. It is impossible to get it right, though garderobe tends to be used for the facility in castles and palaces and reredorter for that in monasteries. garthâ square area defined by the walks of the cloister [79, 368]. great towerâ the most prominent building in castles of the French type, used for display, defence and accommodation. Also called a donjon [182, 263]. giant orderâ see Order. groin vaultâ see Vault. half-barrel vaultâ see Vault. half-shaftâ see Shaft. hallâ a large, normally imposing space used for feasting and administration [388]. jambâ side of a doorway or window, often decorated with a nook shaft [190, 297]. lanternâ upper part of the crossing, rising above the roofs of the east arm, transept arms, and nave, and hence providing direct lighting to the crossing below [324]. The ceiling of the lantern forms the floor of the bell chamber in the crossing tower. lintelâ horizontal beam above an opening. masonryâ the cut stone of the period can be divided into three categories according to increasing size of block and, to some extent, sharpness of edge, as petit, moyen, and grand appareil. Broadly speaking, petit appareil was at its most popular in First Romanesque
buildings [106, 112, 123] and grand appareil in the later eleventh and twelfth centuries [179, 208]. âashlar: squared stone, or wood. âbonding: the unbroken coursing of blocks of stone, suggesting building in a single phase [261, 383, 384]. âopus reticulatum squared stones set diagonally [192]. motteâ artificial mound forming part of a castle. mouldingâ âbillet: a moulding consisting of rows of discontinuous rolls set so that the rolls and the spaces alternate, forming a checker-board pattern; sometimes rectangular in profile. âchevron: a cylindrical moulding forming a zigzag [317]; variations: point-to-point, hyphenated, syncopated [298]. âkeel: moulding or shaft with a section pointed like the keel of a ship [305]. âroll: a cylindrical moulding defined by its shape (half-roll, three-quarter-roll) or by its position on the angle [302, 314] or soffit [177] of an arch. mozarabsâ Christians living under Muslim rule in the Iberian peninsula, some of whom moved into the Christian parts; Mozarabic: the manner of building of those Christians. mudĂ©jarâ Muslims living under Christian rule. narthexâ building at the entrance to a church, ranging from a simple form to a complex westblock with towers. See Galilee. naveâ body of the church west of the apse or crossing, or, liturgically, of the sanctuary and choir [126, 127]. nook shaftâ see Shaft. oculusâ circular opening. opus reticulum
see Masonry.
orderâ element on or forming a pier or arch, so that a simple arch on plain piers has one order [17, 135] and arches on compound piers tend to have two or more orders [22, 203]. Also a type of elevation, as with the Greek, Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders. A giant order is one in which a column, pier, or shaft rises unbroken through more than one storey [23, 24]. oversailingâ characteristic of a wall built with its upper parts substantially thicker than the parts lower down; the extra width is supported on the vaults and arches of the gallery, making it different from corbelling [188, 308]. Also known as false bearing. pastophoryâ used for the two rooms flanking the sanctuary, one for the preparation of the eucharist and the other for the robing of the celebrant.
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glossary â âąâïČïžï±
pedimentâ see Gable. pendentiveâ see Dome. pierâ support with a square or rectangular core [17, 130], as opposed to the column which is cylindrical. âcompound pier: one with a square or rectangular core with combinations of orders, pilasters, half-shafts, nook shafts, etc. on one or more faces [2, 8, 22, 127, 148]. pilasterâ rectangular member attached to a pier or wall, frequently used to support the inner order of an arch [8, 18, 67]. platform galleryâ see Gallery. presbyteryâ the place for the priests officiating at services; the liturgical centre of a church, containing the sanctuary with the high altar, and subsidiary spaces, therefore often synonymous with the central vessel of the east arm; also called the chancel. projectionâ âaxonometric: projection from a ground plan formed so that the right angles on the plan remain as right angles and the angle between the plan and the verticals can have any convenient value [109]. âisometric: projection in which the angles of the three axes (the two of the plan and the vertical one) are all at 120 degrees to one another. Often confused with the axonometric projection and sometimes with a perspectival view. quadrantâ see Vault. refectoryâ the room in a monastery where the monks eat [368]. reredorterâ medieval euphemism for the monastic latrine; see also Garderobe. respondâ the other support of an arch; thus pier 4 in a nave is the respond to piers 3 and 5, and the pilasters or shafts on the aisle wall are the responds to similar features on the aisle face of each pier. rib vaultâ see Vault.
soffitâ the underside of an arch [3]. âsoffit face: the face of a pier supporting the soffit of an arch [3, 17]. soffit rollâ see Moulding. spandrelâ the triangular-shaped section of wall formed by the curve of an arch, the bay divider and the base of the storey above [22]. spoliaâ material re-used from an earlier building. squinchâ see Dome. storeyâ synonmous with floor. As far as possible floor is here used for an actual floor (as in a first-floor hall, a building with two or more floors [262]) and storey for a floor represented on an elevation (hence three-storey elevation, as on the wall of a nave [22]). stringcourseâ horizontal course of stone standing proud of the wall surface, often marking a division in an elevation [22]. terminus post quem and terminus ante
quem :â the two dates after which and before which an event can be shown to have happened.
towerâ âon the shoulders (aux Ă©paules): pair of towers placed in the corners formed by the transcept and the east arm [124]; âin the armpits (aux aisselles): the equivalents placed in the corners formed by the transept and the nave [141, 235, 352g]; transeptâ a part of the church lying at right angles to and across the main eastâwest vessel. âcontinuous transept: a space set across the end of the nave, separating the nave from the apse, its extent unbroken by arches, walls, or a crossing of any kind [28, 81]. âcross transept: one in which the intersection of the eastâwest vessel and the transept is marked by a crossing; each arm can be referred to as a transept [110, 126].
âhalf-barrel vault: vault in the shape of a quarter-circle; also known as a quadrant vault [188]. ârib vault: groin vault with ribs marking the groins. The simplest type over a rectangular or square bay is the four-part vault, with two diagonal ribs [148, 189, 258], but there are also six- and even eight-part rib vaults and variants over apse bays. âwebbing: the body of a vault; the actual form of barrel and groin vaults [8, 127], and what lies behind the ribs in a rib vault [258]. voussoirâ one of the wedge-shaped blocks forming an arch. webbingâ see Vault. westblockâ a large structure at the west end of a church, a fore-building or façade block. Types extend from the simple [75, 131], to the complex, including a whole centralized arrangement with a ground floor providing an entrance, a chapel at first-floor level with its own aisles, galleries, and clerestory, and three towers [58, 85, 92, 176]. The complex type is also known as a westwork, but the term has proved problematic. westworkâ see Westblock. wood-roofedâ used to indicate that a building does not have a vault [159, 322], though buildings with vaults in northern Europe all have wooden roofs as well. The trouble with describing a building with a wooden roof as âunvaultedâ is that it defines something by what it lacks rather than by what it has.
tribuneâ see Gallery. triforiumâ see Gallery.
rollâ see Moulding. sanctuaryâ see Presbytery. scallop capitalâ see Capital. shaftâ the body of a column, between the base and the capital; either a single piece of stone [3] or composed of drums. âhalf-shaft: semi-cylindrical or three-quarter form attached to a pier or wall, distinguished from a half-column by its greater height in relation to its thickness; coursed with the masonry of the wall [22, 255]. ânook shaft: shaft set into a corner between two orders on a pier or jamb [190].
tympanumâ semicircular feature over an entrance [151, 215]. vaultâ masonry structure over a space: âbarrel vault: tunnel vault [8, 21]. âcloister vault: vault composed of a series of narrowing vertical segments, like the end of a banana; also known as a domical vault. [8, 21]. âgroin vault: vault with the shape formed, in theory, by the intersection of two barrel vaults, in which the curvature of the groins arises from the intersection of the webs of the barrels [127, 231].
This glossary is published in Eric Fernie: Romanesque Architecture (Pelican History of Art) available from Yale University Press www.yalebooks.co.uk isbn 078-0300-20354-7
Index Pages with illustrations are in italics. Where it might be helpful, main entries have been marked by an asterisk. References to notes are only given for those subjects where the text does not lead directly to the note. The page number is followed by the chapter number in brackets and then the note number, as e.g. 110(6)26. Place names are succeeded by their modern location, given in brackets.
Aachen (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)â 10 palaceâ 31â34, 42, 48, 238 chapelâ 13, 22, 31â34*, 32, 33, 37, 40, 61, 65, 68, 74, 78, 85, 104, 126, 153, 167, 208, 213, 216, 218â219*, 235, 251(1)12 candelabrumâ 218â219 copies of â 34, 45, 46, 218â219 hallâ 31â32, 60, 239 Abbeyknockmoy (County Galway, Ireland)â 197 Aberffraw (Anglesey, Wales), churchâ 159 Aboba Pliska (Bulgaria), churchâ 41 Abu Ghosh (Israel), crusader churchâ 133, 214 Abu Mina (Alexandria Governorate, Egypt), monastery ofâ St Menasâ 138 accidentâ see research methodsâ explanations Acerenza (Basilicata, Italy), cathedralâ 97 Acre (Israel), timber great towerâ 241 Adalbert, archbishop ofâ Bremen (1000?â 1072)â 73, 229 Adalbert, bishop ofâ Prague, saint (956?â 997)â 64, 164, 167 Adam ofâ Bremen (1050?â1081/1085)â 66, 73, 173 Adare (County Limerick, Ireland), abbey churchâ 196 Adelard, abbot ofâ Saint-Trond (?â1033/34)â 75 Adelheid, empress, wife ofâ Otto I (931â999)â 42, 52, 254(95)29 Ademarus, abbot ofâ Limoges (d. 1114)â 121 Adriatic Seaâ 64, 168 Afonso I, king ofâ Portugal (1109â1185)â 145 Agde (HĂ©rault, France), cathedralâ 214 Agen (Lot-et-Garonne, France)â 117, 118 Agliate (Lombardy, Italy) baptisteryâ 51 San Pietroâ 49, 50, 52, 68, 81, 89, 103, 168 Aime (Savoie, France), Saint-Martinâ 52, 126 Ainau (Bavaria, Germany), St Ulrichâ 79 Aix (Bouches-du-RhĂŽne, France), cathedral ofâSaint-Sauveurâ130 Ă l (Buskerud County, Norway), stave churchâ 172 Alan, count ofâ Cornouaille (d. 1058)â 110 Alba Iuliaâ see GyulafehĂ©rvĂĄr Albereda, sister-in-law ofâ Richard I, duke ofâNormandyâ104 Alberti, Leon Battista (1404â1472), De Re Aedificatoriaâ 253(3)2 Albigensian crusadeâ 114 Albrecht, archbishop ofâ Magdeburg (d. 1232)â 192 AlcĂĄntara (Extremadura, Spain), Roman bridgeâ 235 Alcobaça (Centro Region, Portugal), Cistercian abbey churchâ 188, 189 Alcuin ofâ York (735?â804)â 31 Alebrand, archbishop ofâ Hamburg (d. 1043)â 238 Alexandria (Alexandria Governorate, Egypt)â 10, 88 Alfarano, Tiberio (1525â1596)â 58 Alfonso II, king ofâ Asturias (791â842)â 60 Alfonso III, king ofâ Asturias (848â910)â 60, 135 Alfonso V, king ofâ Leon (994â1028)â 12 Alfonso VI, king ofâ Leon and Castille (1040â1109)â 124, 135, 138, 150, 235
Alfred the Great, king ofâ the West Saxons (849â899)â 61 Al-Hakim, Fatimid caliph (985â1021)â 216 Allen Brown, R. (d. 1989)â 200 Almanzor, caliph (938?â1002)â 135 Alpirsbach (Baden-WĂŒrttemberg, Germany), St Benedictâ 77, 129 Alpsâ 10, 12, 13, 66, 69, 76, 77, 80, 84, 90, 91, 126, 168 al-Qubaiba (Palestinian Territories), churchâ 133 Alsace, provinceâ 11, 77, 78 altarsâ see liturgy Altenstadt (Hesse, Germany), St Michaelâ 78, 79 alternationâ see churches Altfrid, bishop ofâ Hildesheim, saint (800?â874)â 39 Amalfi (Campania, Italy), cathedralâ 96 Ambrose, archbishop ofâ Milan, saint (337?â397)â 81, 82, 217 ambulatoriesâ see churches Amer (Catalonia, Spain), Santa Mariaâ 56 Amsoldingen (Canton ofâ Bern, Switzerland), collegiate church St Mauritiusâ 52 Ancaster (Lincolnshire, England), St Martinâ 248 Ancona (Marche, Italy), cathedral ofâ San Ciriacoâ 93, 94 Ancona, marchâ 93 Andersson, Aronâ 170 Andrew, apostle, saintâ 162 Angers (Maine-et-Loire, France)â 184 All Saintsâ 184 cathedralâ 109, 118, 151 Saint-Aubinâ 211 Saint-Martinâ 113, 118 Saint-Nicolasâ 113 Saint-Sergeâ 183â184 Angevinâ see Anjou Angilbert, abbot ofâ Centula, saint (760â814)â 34 Anglo-Norman, adj.â see England Anglo-Saxonsâ see England AngoulĂȘme (Charente, France)â 114 cathedralâ 117, 120 Angoumois, countyâ 114, 117, 128 Ani (Kars, Turkey), cathedralâ 20 Anjou, countyâ 101, 109, 112, 113 Annals ofâ St Bertinâ 252(2)11 Anno II, archbishop ofâ Cologne, saint (1010?â1075)â 74 Ansegisus, abbot ofâ Fontanella, saint (770?â833/834)â 229 Anselm III, archbishop ofâ Milan (d. 1093)â 82 Anselm, archbishop ofâ Canterbury (1033â1109)â 151 Anspert, archbishop ofâ Milan (d. 881)â 50 Antioch (Hatay Province, Turkey)â 131 Antioch, principalityâ 134 Antiquityâ 10, 13, 14, 61, 66 end ofâ 10, 14, 28 late Antique periodâ 245 architectureâ 5, 8, 14, 16, 38, 40, 42, 47, 48, 49, 50, 53, 66, 68, 80, 81, 82, 84, 87, 91, 92, 94, 96, 98, 99, 100, 108, 182 post-Antique periodâ 10, 12, 28, 63, 80 Anzy-le-Duc (SaĂŽne-et-Loire, France), churchâ 128
Aosta (Aosta Valley, Italy), cathedralâ 50, 55, 58, 81, 152 apostlesâ 136, 217 Apostolic Constitutionsâ 215, 219 Apulia, countyâ 80, 95, 247 Aqui (SaĂŽne-et-Loire, Italy), cathedralâ 57 Aquileia (Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy), cathedralâ 48, 208 Aquitaine, duchyâ 100, 114, 118, 124, 133, 181 Arabsâ 13, 80, 90, 91, 135 architectureâ 60, 82, 97, 99, 122, 126, 140, 141, 181 Caliphateâ 11, 56, 59, 66 civilisationâ 96, 114, 126, 139, 199 Fatimidsâ 87, 95 invasionsâ 10, 40, 58, 60 languageâ 98 Umayyadsâ 254(6)2 Aragon, kingdomâ 59, 122, 142, 247 archdioceses and diocesesâ 27, 45, 63, 73, 74, 76, 80, 101, 131, 138, 151, 157 arches diaphragmâ 50, 87 horseshoeâ 60, 61, 254(6)1 interlacedâ 98 pointedâ 24â25, 90, 93, 96, 98, 116, 117, 118, 120, 126, 128, 129, 133, 151, 155, 178, 180, 181, 200, 224, 225, 246 fornices spiculosâ 96 roundâ 24, 60, 224, 225 architectsâ see master masons Ardain, abbot ofâ Tournus (d. 1056)â 54 Ardara (Sardinia, Italy), Santa Maria del Regnoâ 91 Aribertus, archbishop ofâ Milan (970?â1045)â 82 Arichis II, duke ofâ Benevento (735?â787)â 33 Arilje (Zlatibor District, Serbia), churchâ 202 Arles (Bouches-du-RhĂŽne, France)â 123 baths ofâ Constantineâ 131 cryptoporticusâ 55 cathedral ofâ Saint-Trophimeâ 20, 128, 130, 132 Saint-Honorat-des-Alyscamps, monastic churchâ 187 Armenia, kingdomâ 18, 60, 93, 181 Armi, Edsonâ 55, 100, 103, 126 Armoricaâ 109 Arnold, bishop ofâ St Andrews (d. 1162/1164)â 186 Arnoul, bishop ofâ Orleans (d. 1003)â 101 ĂrpĂĄd, Hungarian dynastyâ 167 Arras (Pas-de-Calais, France)â 183 cathedral ofâ Notre Dameâ 184 articulationâ see planning and designing Ascoli Piceno (Marche, Italy), SS Vincenzo e Anastasioâ 94 Ashir (Algeria), palace ofâ Ziriâ 98 Askeby (Ăstergötland County, Sweden), churchâ 173 Aslacton (Norfolk, England), round-tower churchâ 172 Assisi (Umbria, Italy)â cathedralâ 94 San Francescoâ 190 Asturias kingdomâ 60, 199 architectureâ 135, 145
Ath (Hainault, Belgium), Burbant towerâ 75, 241 Athens (Attica, Greece)â 131 Atlanticâ 10, 199 atriaâ 33, 34, 40, 76, 83, 84, 228 Aubrey de Vere, earl ofâ Oxfordshireâ 156 Auch (Gers, France) cathedralâ 118 Saint-Orensâ 118 Audrieu (Calvados, France), Notre Dameâ 109 Augsburg (Bavaria, Germany), cathedralâ 46, 78, 168 Augustine, saint (354â430)â 219 Augustinian ruleâ 119, 138, 145, 151, 152, 162, 211, 212 Augustus, emperor (30BCâ14AD)â 246 Aulnay (Charente-Maritime, France), Saint-Pierreâ 116, 162 Autun (SaĂŽne-et-Loire, France)â cathedral ofâ Saint-Lazareâ 127, 129, 132, 154, 182 Porte dâArrouxâ 126 Auvergne, countyâ 121, 122 Auxerre (Yonne, France) cathedral ofâSaint-Etienneâ 63, 103, 104, 106 Saint-Germainâ 37, 38, 39, 53, 82, 208 Avan (Armenia) churchâ 20 Aversa, countyâ 95 Aversa (Campania, Italy)â cathedralâ 97, 262(19)22 San Lorenzoâ 97 Avignon (Vaucluse, France) cathedral ofâ Notre-Dame-des-Domsâ 130 Pont Saint-BĂ©nĂ©zetâ 187 Ăvila (Castile and Leon, Spain)â 141 cathedralâ 188, 262(19)26 San Vicenteâ 141, 162, 262(19)29 town wallsâ 141, 235, 241 Avolsheim (Bas-Rhin, France), rotundaâ 255(6)17 Azay-le-Rideaux (Indre-et-Loire, France), churchâ 110, 111 Baalbek (Bekaa Valley, Lebanon), templeâ 55 Bad Gögging (Bavaria, Germany), churchâ 79 Bad Segeberg (Schleswig-Holstein, Germany), church 79 Baghdad (Iraq)â 13 Bagnacavallo (Emilia-Romagna, Italy), San Pietroâ 49 50, 101 Baituniya (Palestinian Territories), churchâ 133 bald man paradoxâ see research methods Baldwin I, king ofâ Jerusalem (1058?â1118)â 131, 133 Baldwin II, king ofâ Jerusalem (d. 1131)â 131, 132 Baldwin III, king ofâ Jerusalem (1130â1163)â 131 Baldwin II, count ofâ Flanders (865â918)â 241 Baldwin V, count ofâ Flanders (1012â1067)â 148 Ballintober abbey (County Mayo, Ireland)â 185 Baltinglass (County Wicklow, Ireland), abbeyâ 161 Baltic Seaâ 13, 68, 165, 172 Bamberg (Bavaria, Germany) cathedralâ 46, 68 palace chapelâ 218 St Andrewâ 218 Bangor, dioceseâ 157 Bangor (Gwynedd, Wales), cathedralâ 159
This index is published in Eric Fernie: Romanesque Architecture (Pelican History of Art) available from Yale University Press www.yalebooks.co.uk isbn 078-0300-20354-7
index â âąâïČïžïł
Banu Hammad (Algeria), Al Qalâaâ 98 baptismal fontsâ 213, 217 baptisteriesâ 51, 63, 85, 213, 221 Barbarossa, Frederick I, emperor (1122â 1190)â 197, 218 BarberĂĄ (Catalonia, Spain), Santa Mariaâ 122 barbicanâ see castles Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain)â 56 cathedralâ 179 Bari (Apulia, Italy)â 96, 97, 107 cathedralâ 96 San Nicolaâ 96, 168 Barnack (Cambridgeshire, England), St John the Baptistâ 263(22)24 Barral i Altet, Xavierâ 252(1)15 Barthes, Roland (1915â1980)â 244 Barton-upon-Humber (Humberside, England), St Peterâ 27, 62 BarzanĂČ (Lombardy, Italy), chapelâ 50 basesâwater-holdingâ25 basilicasâ 14, 16, 18, 19 Basilicataâ 97 Basquesâ 199 Batuta (Syria), churchâ 19 Battle ofâ Poitiersâ 732 Baud, Anneâ 128 Baugulf, abbot ofâ Fulda (d. 802)â 37 Baume-les-Messieurs (Jura, France), churchâ 53 Bavaria, duchyâ 68, 78 baysâ 25 Bayeux (Calvados, France)â 97 cathedralâ 108, 111 tapestryâ 147 beakheadâ see decoration Beaufort (Lebanon), crusader castleâ 133 Beaugency (Loiret, France), castle towerâ 112, 156 Beaulieu-les-Loches (Indre-et-Loire, France), churchâ 111, 116 Beaulieu-sur-Dordogne (CorrĂšze, France), Saint-Pierreâ 128 Beaumont-le-Richard (Calvados, France), manor houseâ 237 Beaune (CĂŽte-dâOr, France) collegiate churchâ 127 housesâ 236 Beauvais (Oise, France) cathedralâ 102 Basse Oeuvreâ 110 Saint-Lucienâ 102, 180 Becket, Thomas, archbishop ofâ Canterbury, saint (1118?â1170)â 157 Beirut (Lebanon), cathedralâ 132, 162 BĂ©la I, king ofâ Hungary (1016?â1063)â 167 BĂ©la III, king ofâ Hungary (1148?â1196)â 194 Belvoir, (Israel), crusader castleâ 134, 241 Benedict ofâ Aniane (747?â821)â 37, 47 Benedict ofâNursia, saint (480?â547)â 95, 101, 228, 230 Benevento (Campania, Italy)â 73 Santa Sofiaâ 33 Benno II, bishop ofâ OsnabrĂŒck (d. 1088)â 69 Beowulfâ 239 Bergamo (Lombardy, Italy) cathedralâ 86 Santa Croceâ 255(6)17 Bergen (Hordaland, Norway)â 170 cathedralâ 170 St Maryâ 170, 172 Bernard, abbot ofâ Clairvaux, saint (1090â1153)â 129 Bernard, bishop ofâ Parma, saint (d. 1133)â 85 Bernardus Senexâ see master masons Bernay (Eure, France), abbey churchâ 47, 97, 105, 106, 107, 108, 112 Bernold, bishop ofâ Utrecht, saint (d. 1054)â 76 Bernward, bishop ofâ Hildesheim, saint (960?â1022)â 42, 121 Berthold, Hungarian royal familyâ 194 BerzĂ©-la-Ville (SaĂŽne-et-Loire, France), abbotâs chapelâ 212 BesalĂș (Catalonia, Spain)
Santa Mariaâ 142 San Pedroâ 122 Besançon (Franche-ComtĂ©, France), cathedral ofâSt-Jeanâ78 Bethany (Israel), monasteryâ 133, 241 Bethlehem (Palestinian Territories), church ofâ the Nativityâ 74 Betrothal ofâ the Virgin, Pradoâ 5, 76 Beurey-Bauguay (CĂŽte-dâOr, France), Roman monumentâ 118 Bibleâ 33, 47, 66, 217, 219, 223, 240 Bible moralisĂ©eâ 206 Biburg (Bavaria, Germany), abbey churchâ 78 Biella (Piedmont, Italy), baptisteryâ 51, 57 Birsay (Orkney, Scotland), churchâ 172 Bisarcio (Sardinia, Italy), Santâ Antiocoâ 91, 92 bishopsâ chapelsâ see chapels Bitonto (Apulia, Italy), cathedralâ 96 Blaauw, Sible deâ 58 Blois, countyâ 104, 112 Blois (Loir-et-Cher, France) Saint-Lomerâ 261(18)3 Saint-Solenneâ 37, 42, 62, 104 tower residenceâ 47 Blyth (Nottinghamshire, England), prioryâ 208 Böckweiler (Saarland, Germany), churchâ 64 Bogolyubovo (Vladimir Oblast, Russia), church ofâ the Virgin ofâ the Intercessionâ 202 Bohemia, kingdom and duchyâ 61, 64, 163, 165 growth ofâ townsâ 234 Boldva (Borsod-AbaĂșj-ZemplĂ©n County, Hungary), churchâ 168 Boleslav I, king ofâ Poland (992â1025)â 63 Boleslav II, the Bold, king ofâ Poland (1039?â1079)â 166 Bologna (Emilia-Romagna, Italy)â 80, 88, 92 San Francescoâ 190 Santo Stefanoâ 93 sarcophagusâ 17 Boniface, archbishop ofâ Mainz, saint (d. 754)â 37, 45 Bonannoâ see master masons Bonn (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)â 235 Bony, Jean (1908â1995)â 108, 147, 155, 179, 182, 248 Boothby Pagnell (Lincolnshire, England), manor houseâ 237 Bordeaux (Gironde, France), cathedralâ 117, 118 Borg, Alanâ 130 Borgund (Sogn og Fjordane, Norway), stave churchâ 25 BoĆivoj, king ofâ Bohemiaâ 63 Bork, Robertâ 206 Bornholm, island (Denmark)â 169, 214 Borrie (SkĂ„ne, Sweden), churchâ 172 Borutta (Sardinia, Italy), San Pietro di Sorresâ 91 Bosa (Sardinia, Italy), San Pietroâ 91, 92 Bourbon, countyâ 129, 130 Bourges (Cher, France)â 118 Boyle (County Roscommon, Ireland), abbeyâ 161 Boves (Somme, France, France), residenceâ 47 Brad (Syria), Julianos churchâ 19 Bradford-on-Avon (Wiltshire, England), St Laurenceâ 63 Bragança (TrĂĄs-os-Montes, Portugal), domus municipalisâ 238 BrantĂŽme (Dordogne, France, France), churchâ 121 Brauweiler (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), St Nikolausâ 74 Brechin (Angus, Scotland), abbeyâ 161 Bremen (Bremen, Germany), cathedralâ 73 Brescia (Lombardy, Italy)â cathedralâ 86, 216 palazzo comunaleâ 237 San Salvatoreâ 49 BĆetislav I (1034â1055)â 163 BĆevnov (Prague, Czech Republic), monastic churchâ 164, bridgesâ 31, 165, 205, 234, 235
Brindisi (Apulia, Italy)â San Benedettoâ 97 Santa Maria dal Casaleâ 196 Britainâ 109, 148 Brittany, duchyâ 101 British Islesâ 103 Brixworth (Northamptonshire, England), All Saintsâ 62 bronze doorsâ 45, 202 Brook (Kent, England), chapelâ 212 Brotherhood ofâ Saint-BĂ©nĂ©zetâ see master masons Brun, archbishop ofâ Cologne (925â965)â 44, 241 Bruges (Flemish Region, Belgium) St Basiliusâ 104 St Donatusâ 218 Bruno, bishop ofâ Langres (d. 1015/1016)â 53 Brunswick (Lower Saxony, Germany), Saints Blaise and John the Baptistâ 177 Brunusâ see Petrus Brunus BudeÄ (Prague, Czech Republic), Saints Peter and Paulâ 63 building breaksâ see construction Burgal (Catalonia, Spain), Sant Pereâ 56 Burgundyâ 11, 75, 77, 78 duchyâ 48, 51, 53â55*, 59, 68, 103, 124â128*, 130, 184 kingdomâ 48, 51â53*, 59, 68, 103, 186, 187 burhsâ 61 burhgeatâ 63 see also castlesâ early tower residences burialâ see funerary practices Burlats (Tarn, France), Pavillon dâAdĂ©laĂŻdeâ 236 Bury St Edmunds (Suffolk, England), abbey churchâ 149, 172 gatehouseâ 231, 259(15)19 Buschettoâ see master masons buttresses, flyingâ see Gothic architecture Byblosâ see Giblet Byland (North Yorkshire, England), abbey churchâ 208 Byzantine Empire, see Roman Empire, Eastern Byzantiumâ see Constantinople Caen (Calvados, France)â 107 La TrinitĂ©â 107, 109, 158 Saint-Ătienneâ 15, 19, 107, 108, 148, 149, 150, 154, 179, 180, 247 Saint-Nicolasâ 108 Cahors (Lot, France), cathedralâ 86, 117, 118, 120 Cairo (Cairo Governorate, Egypt) gate ofâ Bab el Futuhâ 132 mosque ofâ Ibn Tulunâ 96, 126 Calabriaâ 95, 97 Caliphateâ see Arabs Calixtus II, pope (d. 1124)â 71, 90, 113, 119, 120, 136 Calvenzano (Lombardy, Italy), Santa Maria Assuntaâ 83 camâ see Carolingian dynastyâ technology Camaldolese orderâ 58 Cambrai (Nord, France)â 75 Cambridge (Cambridgeshire, England) Holy Sepulchreâ 216, 217 Kingâs College Chapelâ 205 Campaniaâ 95, 96 campanileâ see churches, parts, towers Canosa (Apulia, Italy), cathedralâ 96 Canossa (Emilia-Romagna, Italy)â 88 Canterbury (Kent, England) castleâ 156 cathedral Anselmâsâ 151, 152, 181, 211 Lanfrancâsâ 148, 151, 207, 247 post-1174â 186 Becketâs shrineâ 157 St Augustineâsâ 148, 153 Canute the Great, king ofâ Denmark and England (990?â1035)â 169 Canute IV, king ofâ Denmark (1042?â1086)â 169 Capetian dynastyâ 47, 66, 101
capitals angledâ 180, 182, 190, 194 Corinthianâ 42, 68, 69, 126 crocketâ 186, 190 cushionâ 18, 23, 24, 26, 37, 43*, 50, 68, 76, 87, 109, 148, 154, 171, 248 scallopâ 72, 74, 109, 155, 170 trumpet scallopâ 185 prismaticâ 50, 83 waterleafâ 180, 185, 253(3)6 Carcassonne (Aude, France), Saint-Nazaireâ 120, 128 Cardona (Catalonia, Spain), Sant Vicençâ 15, 16, 25, 56â57*, 93, 108, 121 Carolingian dynasty a. kingdom and empireâ 8, 11, 9â14, 26â28, 31â38, 63, 65, 66, 68, 78, 80, 92, 118, 245 architectureâ 1, 7, 8, 28, 31â38*, 46, 53, 60, 61, 63, 69, 100, 101, 108, 110 economics (cities, growth, tithes)â 27, 28 monetary system (gold, silver)â 11 legal aspects (charters)â 12 technology (cam, collar harness, plough)â 11â12 writing (classical texts, minuscule)â 12 b. division ofâ the empire into kingdoms in 843â 10, 12, 26, 39, 40, 247 Eastâ 39, 40, 239 Central (Lotharingia)â 34, 48â59, 59, 73, 103, 154, 218, 255(7)1 Westâ 47, 48, 56, 66, 73, 100, 103, 104 Carpathian mountainsâ 165, 167 Casander ofâ Romeâ see master masons Cashel (South Tipperary, Ireland)â cathedralâ 160 Cormacâs Chapelâ 159, 160 Castelseprio (Lombardy, Italy) San Paoloâ 246 San Giovanniâ 246 Castile, kingdomâ 141 Castle Acre (Norfolk, England), great towerâ 240 Castle Rising (Norfolk, England), castleâ 156 castlesâ 2, 47, 66â67, 112, 133, 155, 156, 161, 239â241, 248 barbicanâ 134 definitionâ 239, 240 double-height spaceâ 156 false storeyâ 155â156 great towersâ 31, 75, 157, 239 chapel over entranceâ 241 cylindricalâ 241 with protruding apseâ 213, 241 timberâ 241 tower residencesâ 47, 63, 80, 241 wall passagesâ 112, 113 Castor (Cambridgeshire, England), St Kyneburghaâ 224 Catalonia, countyâ 5, 55â59*, 63, 92, 116, 122, 139, 142, 188 cathedralsâ see churches, types Caumont, Arcisse de (1801â1873)â 5, 100 Cavagnolo (Piedmont, Italy), Santa Fedeâ 193 Cavaillon (Vaucluse, France), cathedral ofâNotre-Dameâ130 Cavalli-Sforza, Luigiâ 249 CefalĂč (Sicily, Italy), cathedralâ 98 Celles-lĂšs-Dinant (Wallonia, Belgium), Saint-Hadelinâ 75, 167 Celtic Churchâ 61, 109, 161 Celtsâ 109, 199 traditionsâ 159 centralized buildingsâ see plans Centula (Somme, France) chapel ofâ the Virginâ 218 Saint-Riquierâ 34, 35*, 37, 40, 62, 68, 101, 106, 111, 122, 213 Chalaisian orderâ 129 ChĂąlons-sur-Marneâ see ChĂąlons-en-Champagne ChĂąlons-en-Champagne (Marne, France) Notre-Dame-en-Vauxâ 259(15)11 tower residenceâ 47
This index is published in Eric Fernie: Romanesque Architecture (Pelican History of Art) available from Yale University Press www.yalebooks.co.uk isbn 078-0300-20354-7
ïČïžïŽâ âąâ romanesque architecture chamber blocksâ see houses Champagne, countyâ 101, 103 Chapaize (SaĂŽne-et-Loire, France), churchâ 53 chapels (for chapels forming part ofâ a church see churches) types: architectural, centralized: 32 apsed rotundas: 51, 56, 63*, 64, 79, 163*, 164, 167, 172, 218 Doppelkapellen 21, 22, 71, 72, 74, 164, 212, 217 types: function bishopsâ 22, 71, 212 burial 212 castle 222â223 see castles magnatesâ 212, 213 palace 63, 87, 213 Charlemagne, king and emperor (742â814)â 10, 12â13, 36â38, 216, 234, 235, 247 Charles the Bald, emperor (823â877)â 47, 54, 240 charnel housesâ see funerary practices Charroux (Vienne, France), centralized churchâ 116 Chartres (Eure-et-Loir, France) cathedralâ 66, 104, 105, 125, 136, 180, 184, 246, 248 tower residenceâ 47 ChĂąteaudun (Eure-et-Loir, France), La Madeleineâ 112 ChĂąteau Gaillard (Eure, France)â 133 Chatillon-sur-Seine (CĂŽte-dâOr, France), church ofâSaint-Vorlesâ53, 256(9)6 Chauvigny (Eure, France), churchâ 208, 209 Cheb (Karlovy Vary Region, Czech Republic) chapelâ 212 street gridâ 235 Cheddar (Somerset, England), two-storey hallâ 239 Chelmsford (Essex, England), excavated Roman buildingâ 34 Chepstow (Monmouthshire, Wales) castleâ 157, 158 St Maryâ 158 Cher, riverâ 112 Chernigov (Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine), churchesâ 202 Chester (Cheshire, England) St Johnâ 158 St Warburghâ 159 chevronâ see decoration Chinon (Indre-et-Loire, France)â 122 churchâ 110, 112, 113, 129 tower residenceâ 47 Chiosâ see Nea Moni choirsâ see liturgy Christchurch (Dorset, England), monastic churchâ 158 Christianityâ 16, 36, 63 Chrodegang ofâ Metz (d. 766)â 229 churches parts apses, enclosedâ 24, 68, 98, 133 chancels, raisedâ 89 chapels radiatingâ 23, 24, 47, 48* contiguousâ 178, 180 tangentialâ 74, 151, 153, 211 crossings compromiseâ 41, 173 oblongâ 249 salientâ 154 cryptsâ annularâ 47 hallâ 43, 96 outerâ 23, 35, 37, 38, 47, 58, 75, 93, 104 east endsâ ambulatoryâ 2, 17, 23, 26, 43, 47, 73, 74, 86, 91, 97, 101â106*, 110, 111, 119, 120, 136, 137, 139, 148, 149, 150, 211*, 247 echelonâ 22, 24, 26, 47, 102, 118, 137,
138, 148 rectangularâ 48, 68, 71, 75, 155, 158, 172 three-apseâ 22, 47, 50, 52, 105 triconchâ 69, 73, 74, 86, 102, 104 with chamber aboveâ 60 elevationsâ arcadeâalternationâ24, 39, 72, 87, 93, 94, 106 four-storeyâ 104 façadesâ 40 screenâ 83, 85, 86, 87, 89, 90, 91 two-towerâ 108 gables, tallâ 110, 159 galleriesâ 37, 41 falseâ 86 naveâ 73, 95, 96, 104 westernâ 72, 73, 74 galileesâ 47, 221 jambs, inclinedâ 159 narthexesâ 40 navesâ double aislesâ 42, 48, 90, 101, 119, 125, 220, 247 odd supportsâ 77 squareâ 62 niches, at eaves levelâ 50 passagesâ externalâ 16, 66, 69, 70, 71, 76, 80, 83, 85, 93, 96 internalâ 42, 53, 87, 105, 106, 107, 148, 165, 201 pastophoriesâ 33, 219 porch, Lombardâ 86, 87, 96 scaleâ 68, 147, 149 towersâ 211 armpitâ 77, 136 clocher limousinâ 121 crossingâ 18, 23, 24, 26 free-standingâ 40, 91 roundâ 154, 159, 167, 172, 198, 249 shoulderâ 68, 73, 81 transeptâ part of â 75, 104 whole armâ 50, 58, 81, 149, 150, 154 westâ 24, 26, 40 see also westblock and westwork transeptsâ 210, 222 aisledâ 86, 90, 101, 111, 119, 120, 136, 149, 150 continuousâ 16, 18, 22â23, 36â37, 48, 62, 95, 96, 220 crossâ 23, 24, 26, 35, 41, 62, 63 doubleâ 39, 42, 125, 130 naveâ 76, 77, 84 platformsâ 104, 107 westâ 46, 75, 78 west apse 35, 37, 39, 45, 48, 71, 76, 78, 167, 220 westblocksâ 34, 37â38, 44, 46, 47, 61, 68, 72, 101, 106, 107, 148, 173, 213 westworksâ 213 types architectural centralizedâ 19, 86, 87, 93, 169, 215, 216, 217 apsed rotundasâ 163, 166 cross-in-squareâ 22, 71, 93 fortifiedâ 173, 213 longitudinalâ 19, 22 aislelessâ 44, 82, 109, 118, 122, 144, 151, 158, 211, 212, 223 columnarâ 9, 22, 25, 36â37, 66, 69, 76, 80, 91, 93, 95, 96 domedâ 65 double-enderâ 37, 42, 43, 75, 129, 164 hallâ 44, 47, 111, 113, 115, 120, 121 vaultedâ 69 wood-roofedâ 72, 86, 87, 89, 94, 101, 152, 226
types
institutionalâ 211â214 cathedralâ 66, 211 doubleâ 84 collegiateâ 71, 72, 73, 211, 212, 223, 229 magnateâsâ 167 minsterâ 222, 223 monasticâ 211, 212 monastic cathedralsâ 62, 98, 99, 148â157 See also monasteries parishâ 161, 211 See also chapels, and liturgy ciboriaâ 222 Cieszyn (Silesian Voivodeship, Poland), castle chapelâ 255(6)23 Cistercian orderâ 100, 129*, 131, 132, 151, 155*, 161, 162, 164, 181, 182 Bernardine planâ 155 citiesâ see towns CĂźteaux (CĂŽte-dâOr, France), abbey churchâ 129 Civita Castellana (Lazio, Italy), cathedralâ 189 Civitaquana (Abruzzo, Italy), Santa Maria delle Grazieâ 93 Civate (Lombardy, Italy), San Pietro al Monteâ 50 Clairvaux (Aube, France), churchâ 129, 155 Clapham, Alfred (1883â1950)â 249 Clarendon royal manor house (Wiltshire, England)â 233 Clement V, pope (1264?â1314)â 199 Clermont-Ferrand (Puy-de-DĂŽme, France) cathedralâ 23, 48, 55, 66, 101 Notre-Dame-du-Portâ 121, 122 cloistersâ see monasteries Clonfert (County Galway, Ireland), cathedralâ 160, 161 Clonmacnoise (County Offaly, Ireland) Crossâ 161 Nunsâ Churchâ 160 Temple Finghinâ 160 Clovis I, king ofâ the Franks (466?â511)â 218 Cluniac orderâ 100, 135, 138, 144 Cluny (SaĂŽne-et-Loire, France)â 66, 87, 88, 89, 104, 119, 124 abbey church Cluny Iâ 47 Cluny IIâ 22, 47, 48, 52, 55, 56, 77, 129 Cluny IIIâ 116, 118, 121, 124, 130*, 131, 132, 149, 150, 181*, 182, 184, 187 Cluniac schoolâ 128 housesâ 127, 236 Coimbra (Coimbra, Portugal), cathedralâ 137, 145, 146 Colchester (Essex, England), castleâ 126, 157, 241 Roman templeâ 156 Coliath (Lebanon), crusader castleâ 134 collar harnessâ see Carolingian dynasty, technology collegiate churchesâ see churches, types Cologne (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)â 66, 73, 76, 104, 128, 169 cathedralâ 39, 42, 43, 45, 73, 78, 193 Great St Martinâ 191 St Ceciliaâ 48 St Georgâ 74, 77 St Gereonâ 46, 218 St Johannis in Curiaâ 212 St Maria im Kapitolâ 73, 74, 75, 86, 151 St Pantaleonâ 42, 44, 46, 53, 68, 73, 76, 151, 213 Roman towerâ 110 columnsâ 14, 222 half-â 23, 26, 44, 101 spiralâ 62, 151, 161, 221 comicsâ 263(22)11 Como (Lombardy, Italy) brolettoâ 237 museumâ porch ofâ Santa Margheritaâ 86 SantâAbbondioâ 7, 70, 72, 80, 81, 85, 86
Saints Peter and Paulâ 80 San Fedeleâ 86 CompiĂšgne (Oise, France), chapel ofâ the Virginâ 218 Conant, Kenneth J. (1894â1984)â 1, 2, 7, 125, 126, 128, 136, 138, 182, 245 Conques (Aveyron, France), Sainte-Foiâ 5, 6, 7, 119, 136, 137, 138, 179, 182 Conrad II, emperor (990?â1039)â 68, 69, 73 Conrad, bishop ofâ Konstanz (d. 1127)â 222 Conrad, bishop ofâ Utrecht (d. 1099)â 76 consecrationâ see liturgy Constantine the Great, emperor (272â337, 306â337)â 9, 37, 41, 46, 87, 132, 148, 216, 219 Constantine Porphyrogenitus (912â59)â Constantinople (Turkey)â 56, 57, 66, 74, 97, 120 Constantine Lips (Fenari Isa Camii)â 20, 21, 51 Hagia Sophiaâ 20, 70, 82, 87 Holy Apostlesâ 116, 217 Imperial palaceâ 32, 238 Myrelaion church (Bodrum Camii)â 1, 20, 51, 71, 93 St Mary ofâ the Pharosâ 212 Saints Sergios and Bakchosâ 33, 213 Virgin ofâ the PĂȘgĂȘâ 215 constructionâ 207â209, 249 building breaksâ 150, 151, 207, 246 oversailingâ 108, 150, 180, 182 reinforcementsâ 34 see also masonry Continuatio hispanaâ 252(2)11 Coorlandâ see master masons corbel tables, archedâ 5, 18, 24, 45, 48, 49*, 65, 68, 75, 76, 77, 78, 92, 93, 94, 97, 123, 133, 145, 167, 191, 196, 197 CĂłrdoba (Andalusia,, Spain)â 13, 60, 66, 90, 136, 141, 143, 199 mosqueâ 70 corrente comascaâ see Romanesque sculpture Corinth-Lechaion (Corinthia, Greece), St church ofâ Leonidasâ 38 Cormac MacCarthaig, king ofâ Munster (d. 1138)â 160 see also Cashel Cormery (Indre-et-Loire, France), churchâ 111, 115 Cornouailleâ 110 Corroyer, Edouard-Jules (1835â1904)â 5, 25 Corrozet, Gilles (1510â1568)â 251(1)3 Corsicaâ 92 Corvey (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), abbey churchâ 22, 25, 39, 40, 44, 46, 47, 61, 73, 101, 150, 213 Coucy (Aisne, France), tower residenceâ 47, 157 Council ofâ Clermontâ 131 Courajod, Louis (1841â1896)â 5 Crac des Chevalliersâ see Krak Cravant (Indre-et-Loire, France), churchâ 110 Cremona (Lombardy, Italy) baptisteryâ 213 cathedralâ 86 palazzo comunaleâ 237 Croatia, kingdomâ 64, 168â169, 194 Crook, Josephâ 263(22)11 Cross ofâ Congâ 155, 160 crossingâ see transepts Crusader statesâ 67, 100, 118, 126, 131â134, 162, 240, 241 cryptâ see churches Csaroda (Szabolcs-SzatmĂĄr-Bereg County, Hungary), churchâ 197 Cunault (Maine-et-Loire, France), NotreDameâ 113, 116 Cunlife, Barryâ 239 ÄurÄiÄ, Slobodanâ 201 Cuthbert, saint (634â687)â 154, 227 Cuxaâ see Saint-Michel-de-Cuxa Cyril and Methodius, missionariesâ 201 Czech, founder ofâ Bohemiaâ 163 CzerwiĆsk (PĆoĆsk County, Poland)), churchâ 167
This index is published in Eric Fernie: Romanesque Architecture (Pelican History of Art) available from Yale University Press www.yalebooks.co.uk isbn 078-0300-20354-7
index â âąâïČïžï”
Dalby (SkĂ„ne, Sweden) cathedralâ 169 churchâ 169 Dalmatian coastâ 168, 169 Dalmeny (Lothian, Scotland), churchâ 225 Dambeck (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany), churchâ 73 Danube, riverâ 77, 78, 167 Daphni (Attica, Greece), churchâ 215 dating buildingsâ 246 see also research methods David I, king ofâ Scotland (1124â1153)â 161, 248 David II, king ofâ Georgia (1089â1125)â 132 David, âthe Scotâ, bishop ofâ Bangor (1120â39)â 159 Davies, Martinâ 7 Davis, Michaelâ 248 DeÄani (PeÄ, Kosovo), monastic churchâ 201 deconstructionâ see postmodernism decoration chip carvingâ 107, 158 inlay, Cosmati workâ 189 mouldingsâ 66, 154 beakheadâ 155, 160 billetâ 169 chevronâ 98, 109, 155, 161, 171, 194 roll angleâ 169 half â 62, 63, 107, 154, 174, 253(3)14 stripworkâ 62 Deerhurst (Gloucestershire, England), St Maryâ 61, 62, 214 dendrochronologyâ 246 Denis, saint (d. 250)â 37 Denmark, kingdomâ 169â170 Derrida, Jacques (1930â2004)â 243 Desiderius, abbot ofâ Montecassino (1026?â1087)â 95 designâ see planning Deutz (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), churchâ 46, 218 Devenish (County Fermanagh, Ireland), church, round towerâ 160 Deventer (Overijssel, Netherlands), St. Lebuinus church cryptâ 76, 151 Diego GelmĂrez, archbishop ofâ Santiago (1070?â1140)â 136, 205 Diego PelĂĄez, bishop ofâ Santiago (d. 1088)â 135 Digne (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France), Saint-Donatâ 130 Dijon (CĂŽte-dâOr, France) Saint-BĂ©nigneâ 53, 66, 218 Notre-Dameâ 184, 187 Diocletian, emperor (284â305)â 34, 216 Dionysus, abbot ofâ Regensburgâ 160 Dionysius the Areopagiteâ 37 Diotisalviâ see master masons Dixon, Philipâ 240 Doksany (ĂstĂ nad Labem, Czech Republic), Premonstratensian churchâ 164, 165 Dolianova (Sardinia, Italy), cathedral ofâ San Pantaleoneâ 91, 176 documentary evidence see research methodsâ 148 domesâ see vaults Domesday Bookâ 157 Dominican orderâ 193 Dömös (KomĂĄrom-Esztergom County, Hungary), churchâ 168 Dompeter (Bas-Rhin, France), St Peterâ 17 Doña Mayor, wife ofâ Sancho el Mayor ofâNavarreâ141 Doña Sancha, daughter ofâ Ramiro Iâ 144 Doña Urraca, daughter ofâ Ferdinand Iâ 140 Donatusâ see master masons donjonâ see castle, great tower DĂžnnes (Nordland, Norway), churchâ 172 Doppelkapellenâ see chapels dormitoryâ see monasteries DouĂ©-la-Fontaine (Maine-et-Loire, France)â tower residenceâ 47, 104 Dover (Kent, England), castleâ 62, 63, 157, 185 St Mary in Castroâ 62
Draper, Peterâ 183 Dublin (Dublin, Ireland), Christ Churchâ 160, 185 Duisburg (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), palace hallâ 239 Dulzago (Piedmont, Italy), churchâ 83 Dunfermline (Fife, Scotland), abbey churchâ 161, 162, 172, 248 Dura Europos (Syria)â church houseâ 231 Durham (County Durham, England) castleâ 158 cathedralâ 151, 152, 155, 160, 172, 180, 211, 227 Durliat, Marcel (1917â2006)â 142 Dyfed, principalityâ 157 Earls Barton (Northamptonshire, England), All Saintsâ 62 Ebbo, archbishop ofâ Reims (770?â851)â 37 Eberbach (Hesse, Germany), abbey churchâ 191 Ebreuil, Saint-Legerâ 122 economic factorsâ medievalâ 10-11, 27, 28, 154, 183, 207 castlesâ 134, 239 townsâ 234 modernâ 11, 128 Romanâ 28 Edessa, countyâ 131 Edessa (Ćanlıurfa Province, Turkey), cathedralâ 215 Edward the Confessor, king ofâ England, saint (1003â1066)â 147, 154 Edward the Martyr, king ofâ England, saint (962â978)â 63 Eger (Heves County, Hungary)â 167 cathedral ofâ St Stephenâ 168 Egilsay (Orkney, Scotland), St Magnusâ 172 Einhard (775?â840)â 32, 34, 37, 235 Einsiedeln (Canton ofâ Schwyz, Switzerland), church ofâ St Maryâ 53, 77 Eisenachâ see Wartburg Elbe, riverâ 41, 68, 69 Elias, archbishop ofâ Bari (d. 1105)â 96 Elne (PyrĂ©nĂ©es-Orientales, France), cathedralâ 116 El Run (Aragon, Spain), churchâ 145 Elsner, JĂĄsâ 245 Ely (Cambridgeshire, England), abbey and cathedralâ 149, 150, 151, 181, 211 Emeric, son ofâ king Stephen ofâ Hungaryâ 168 Emma, daughter ofâ Richard I, Duke ofâ Normandy (985?â1052)â 147 Emmerich (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), churchâ 6, 76, 103 empiricismâ 243, 244 see also research methods England, kingdomâ Anglo-Saxonâ 12, 13, 36, 61â63 Anglo-Saxon Chronicleâ 63, 66 architectureâ 61â63, 147, 154, 155 Normanâ 72, 95, 97, 98, 99, 104â105, 108, 109, 147â157, 169, 170, 172, 174, 180, 184 Anglo-Norman as an architectural labelâ 147 Saxo-Normanâ 147, 154 dedicationsâ 154 Ephesus (Izmir Province, Turkey) St Johnâ 20, 21, 91, 136, 138, 150, 217, 218 grottoesâ 126 temple ofâ Hadrianâ 17 Ercsi (FejĂ©r County, Hungary), monastic churchâ 193 Erfurt (Thuringia, Germany), churchâ 77 Erik I, king ofâ Denmark (1060?â1103)â 169 Ermelo (Mondim de Basto, Portugal), churchâ 146 Ermentarius, Miraculaâ 54 Escalada (Leon, Spain), San Miguelâ 61, 200 Eschau (Bas-Rhin, France), St Trophimeâ 77, 78 Essen (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), Holy Trinityâ 62, 74, 75, 167, 218 Essen-Werdenâ see Werden
Estagel (PyrĂ©nĂ©es-Orientales, France), churchâ 123 Estella (Navarre, Spain), houseâ 25, 179, 238 Esztergom (KomĂĄrom-Esztergom, Hungary)â 234, 235 archdioceseâ 167 cathedralâ 193 Ătampes (Essone, France), Notre-Dameâ 183 Etheldreda, saint (636â679)â 154 Ethelred II, king ofâ England (968?â1016)â 147 Ethelwold, bishop ofâ Winchester (904/909â 984)â 61, 62 Euclid (325BC?â265BC?)â 206 Euphrates, riverâ 60 Europe, centralâ 67, 247 European age earlyâ 22, 28, 244â245 originsâ 12, 13, 14 European Economic Comunityâ 246 Eusebius, bishop ofâ Caesarea (263?â339)â 215, 221 Evans, Joan (1893â1977)â 128 Evreux (Eure, France), cathedralâ 109, 184 evolutionâ 246 see also research methods Ăvora (Alentejo, Portugal), cathedral ofâ the Virgin Maryâ 188 Ewenny (Vale ofâ Glamorgan, Wales), St Michaelâ 158 Exeter (Devon, England), cathedralâ 153 Eystein, archbishop ofâ Nidaros (d. 1188)â 195 façadesâ see churches Faith, saintâ 119 Fanum (Italy)â 16, 25, 153 Farfa (Lazio, Italy) monastic churchâ 48, 52, 58, 200 consuetudinaryâ 47 Favila, king ofâ Asturias (d. 739)â 217 Fawcett, Richardâ 161 FĂ©camp (Seine-Maritime, France), Holy Trinityâ 105, 184, 211 FĂ©libien, Jean-François (1658â1733)â 5 FelsĆörs (VeszprĂ©m County, Hungary), monastic churchâ 194 Ferdinand I, king ofâ Leon and Castile (1014â1065)â 12, 138 Ferentinum (Lazio, Italy), market hallâ 14 Fergilâ 252(2)11 Fergusson, Peterâ 215 FernĂĄndez-Armesto, Felipeâ 199 Ferrara (Emilia-Romagna, Italy)â 72, 86 cathedralâ 87 feudal systemâ 11, 47, 61, 63, 80, 94, 161 Fibonacci seriesâ 205 Filarete (1400â1469)â 251(1)3 Flanders, countyâ 75, 103, 104, 107 growth ofâ townsâ 234 Flaran (Gers, France), abbey chapter houseâ 229 Flavigny (CĂŽte-dâOr, France), Saint-Pierre, outer cryptâ 53 Fleuryâ see Saint-BenoĂźt-sur-Loire Florence (Tuscany, Italy)â 70, 80, 83 baptisteryâ 90, 213 Santi Apostoliâ 92 Santa Croceâ 229 Santa Maria Novellaâ 190 San Miniatoâ 87, 89, 90, 92, 143 Santo Stefano al Ponteâ 189 Florin ofâ Franceâ see master masons Focillon, Henri (1881â1943)â 5â8, 24, 28 Fontenay (CĂŽte-dâOr, France), abbey churchâ 128, 129, 132, 182 Fontevraud (Maine-et-Loire, France), abbey churchâ 111, 113, 117 kitchenâ 111, 230 Forma Urbis Romaeâ 35 fornices spiculosâ see arches, pointed Fossanova (Lazio, Italy), monastic churchâ 190 Fossier, Robertâ 11, 239 Foucault, Michel (1926â1984)â 243, 244 Fountains (Yorkshire, England), monasteryâ 230 abbey churchâ 155
Franceâ 10, 11, 13, 47-48, 56, 59, 64, 66, 67, 72, 73, 75, 80, 86, 91, 97, 100â130*, 131, 135, 136, 138, 139, 147, 154, 162*, 178-183, 184, 199, 247. duchiesâ 256(10)8 Franconia, duchyâ 45, 68, 71, 76 Frankfurt (Hesse, Germany), palaceâ 234, 238, 239 Frankl, Paul (1878â1962)â 181, 182, 244 Franksâ 10, 12, 17, 36, 64, 92, 103, 118, 255(7)1 architectureâ 17, 37 Freckenhorst (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), St Bonifaceâ 73 Frederick I, Barbarossa (1152â1190)â 84, 85, 197 Frederick II, emperor (1194â1250)â 196, 216 FrĂ©jus (Var, France)â 56 FrĂ©teval (Loir-et-Cher, France), great towerâ 241 Freyburg (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany), Neuenburg castleâ 212 Frisia, provinceâ 76, 77 Froliuba, wife ofâ King Favilaâ 217 FrĂłmista (Castile and Leon, Spain), San MartĂnâ 138, 141, 162 Fronto, saintâ 116 Frose (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany), churchâ 73 Froville (Meurthe-et-Moselle, France), priory churchâ 171 Fulbert, bishop ofâ Chartres (d. 1028)â 104 Fulda (Hesse, Germany)â abbey churchâ 22, 37, 39, 45, 46, 48, 68, 69 St Michaelâ 46, 218, 255(6)17 Fulk III [Nerra], count ofâ Anjou (972â 1040)â 112, 113 Fulk, king ofâ Jerusalem (1089/1092â1143)â 131, 132 functionâ 2, 247, 248 funerary practicesâ 212 chapter housesâ 232 charnel housesâ 163, 212 tombsâ 42, 63, 223, 224 Fyrkat (Jutland, Denmark), timber buildingâ 25, 239 gablesâ see churches Gaillard, Georges (1877â1953)â 141 galileesâ see churches Galiciansâ 199 Gall, Ernst (1888â1958)â 178 Gallarus Oratory (County Kerry, Ireland)â 159 galleriesâ see churches Galliano (Lombardy, Italy), baptisteryâ 51, 57, 63 Gamla Uppsala (Uppsala County, Sweden), cathedralâ 173 Gamle Aker (Oslo, Norway), churchâ 171, 172, 173 Garamszentbenedek (HronskĂœ BĂ©nadik, Slovakia), Zent Benedekâ 168 Gascony, duchyâ 117, 118 gatehousesâ 31 Gaulsâ 37, 61, 66, 100 Gauzlin, abbot ofâ Fleury (d. 1030)â 101 Geary, Patrickâ 11 Gebhard, bishop ofâ Konstanz (949?â995)â 222 GelmĂrezâ see Diego GelmĂrez Gelnhausen (Hesse, Germany), imperial palaceâ 238 Gem, Richardâ 6 Genoa (Liguria, Italy)â 48, 51, 56, 66, 86, 88, 92, 133, 247 cathedralâ 189 SantâAgostino della Cellaâ 51 SS Cosma e Damianoâ 133 Genum (Friesland, Netherlands), churchâ 77 geometryâ see planning George, admiral ofâ Antioch (d. 1151/52)â 98 Georgia, kingdomâ 18, 132, 155 Gerace (Calabria, Italy), cathedralâ 97 Gerard, bishop ofâ Cardaillac (d. 1112)â 120
This index is published in Eric Fernie: Romanesque Architecture (Pelican History of Art) available from Yale University Press www.yalebooks.co.uk isbn 078-0300-20354-7
ïČïžï¶â âąâ romanesque architecture Gerbert ofâ Aurillac (946â1003)â see Sylvester II, pope German Empireâ 13, 40â47*, 48, 51, 62, 67, 68-79*, 80, 81, 97, 100, 101, 103, 127, 130, 148, 160, 172, 190-193, 201, 212, 221, 241, 247 Germanic invasionsâ 10 Germanyâ 10, 11, 12 Germigny-des-PrĂ©s (Loiret, France), churchâ 38, 93, 106, 212, 218 Gernrode (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany), churchâ 41, 43, 62, 68, 76, 78, 91, 176 Gero I, margrave (900?â965)â 41, 64 Gero II, margrave (975â1015)â 213 Gertrude, first wife ofâ Vladislav IIâ 164â165 Gerville, Charles de (1769â1853)â 5, 14 GĂ©za ofâ Hungary, grand prince (945?â997)â 167 Ghent (East Flanders, Belgium) altarpieceâ 209 St Bavoâ 104 giant orderâ see orders Giblet (Lebanon)â 133 crusader castleâ 134 GiebĆo (Zawiercie, Poland), churchâ 27 Giecz (Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland), palaceâ 63, 212, 238 Giles, saintâ 123 Giordano of Aversaâ 97 Giotto di Bondone (1266/1267â1337)â 209, 255, 229 Girona (Catalonia, Spain), cathedral ofâ Santa Mariaâ 122 Glaberâ see Ralph Glastonbury (Somerset, England), Lady Chapelâ 184, 185 Gloucester (Gloucestershire, England) abbey churchâ 153, 158 Roman basilicaâ 153 Gniezno (Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland)â 164, 165 archdioceseâ 64, 165 Godehard, bishop ofâ Hildesheim, saint (960â1038)â 74 Godiva, lady (d. 1067?)â 63 goldâ see Carolingian dynasty, monetary system golden sectionâ see planningâ geometry Goltho (Lincolnshire, England), tower residenceâ 63 Gontram, abbot ofâ Saint-Trond (d. 1058?)â 75 Gortyna (Crete, Geece), St Titosâ 74, 93 Gorze (Moselle, France), monasteryâ 47, 48, 76 Goslar (Lower Saxony, Germany) imperial palaceâ 72, 238 chapel ofâ St Ulrichâ 72, 212 Neuwerk, churchâ 225 chapel ofâ St Georgeâ 218 SS Simon and Judeâ 72, 74 Gospels ofâ Otto IIIâ 252(2)15 Gothia, marchâ 56, 122 Gothic architectureâ 1, 5, 8, 66, 108, 245 earlyâ 178â183 flying buttressesâ 125, 180 piersâ 179 medieval modernismâ 183 Gotland (Sweden)â 174 government buildingsâ 237â238 Gozbert, abbot ofâ St Gall (763?â836)â 35 Gravedona (Lombardy, Italy), baptisteryâ 213 Great Paxton (Cambridgeshire, England)â Holy Trinityâ 62, 155 great towersâ see castles Greding (Bavaria, Germany) rotundaâ 79 St Martinâ 78 Greek languageâ 98 Gregorian reformâ 8 Gregory VII, pope (1020?â1085)â 71, 88, 124 Gregory, archbishop ofâ Nazianz (329?â389/390)â 217 Gregory, bishop ofâ Tours, saint (538â594)â 40, 217 grid systemsâ see planningâ geometry
Grodecki, Louis (1910â1982)â 7 groin vaultsâ see vaults Groningen (Groningen, Netherlands), St Walpurgisâ 218 Grötlingbo (Gotland, Sweden), churchâ 195 Gruffydd ap Cynan, king ofâ Gwynedd (1055â1137)â 158-159, 160 Gubbio (Umbria, Italy), Palazzo dei Consoliâ 196, 197, 237 guest rangeâ see monasteries guild systemsâ 204 GuimarĂŁes (Braga, Portugal)â castleâ 145, 162 Guiscard, Robert, duke ofâ Apulia and Calabria (1015?â1085)â 95 Gunn, William (1750â1841)â 5, 14 Gunzo ofâ Clunyâ 125 Guy, count ofâ Ponthieu (d. 1100)â 252(2)8 Gwent, principalityâ 157 GyĆr (GyĆr-Moson-Sopron County, Hungary)â 167 GyulafehĂ©rvĂĄr (Alba County, Romania)â 167 Haddington (East Lothian, Scotland), St Maryâ 197 Hadered (VĂ€stra Götaland County, Sweden), stave churchâ 172 Hadid, Zaha (b. 1950)â 248 Hadrian, emperor (117â138)â 246 Hadrian I, pope (700?â795)â 32 Hadstock (Essex, England), churchâ 154, 155 Haimo, bishop ofâ Verdun (d. 1024)â 45 Hakon Paulsson, earl ofâ Orkneyâ 172 Halberstadt (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany)â 213 cathedralâ 73, 93, 193 Liebfrauenkircheâ 73, 77 half-rollâ see decoration, mouldings hallsâ 31, 32, 239 vaulted or wood-roofedâ 239 Halltorp (SmĂ„land, Sweden), churchâ 173, 214 Hamar (Hedmark, Norway), cathedralâ 171 Hamburg (Hamburg, Germany), palace ofâ Archbishop Alebrandâ 238 Hamburg-Bremen, archdioceseâ 169, 198 Hammarlunda (SkĂ„ne, Sweden), churchâ 172 Hamersleben (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany), churchâ 77 Hariulf â(1060â1143)â 240 Harley, J. B.â 243 Harold Blue Tooth, king ofâ Denmark (d. 985)â 169, 170 Harold Godwinson, king ofâ England (1022â1066)â 62, 246 Hartmann-Virnich, Andreasâ 131 Hartwig, bishop ofâ Regensburg (d. 1164)â 223, 226 HastiĂšre (Namur, Belgium), Saint-Pierreâ 75 Hattin, battle ofâ 131 Havdhem (Gotland, Sweden), churchâ 174, 195 Havelberg (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany), cathedralâ 73 Hecklingen (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany), churchâ 203, 205 Hedingham (Essex, England), castleâ 156 Heeslingen (Lower Saxony, Germany), round-towered churchâ 172 Heidenheim (Bavaria, Germany), minsterâ 79 Heiligenberg (Baden-WĂŒrttemberg, Germany), St. Michael, chapter houseâ 229 Heilsbronn (Bavaria, Germany), minsterâ 79 Heisterbach (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), abbey churchâ 192 Heito, abbot ofâ Reichenau (d. 836)â 37 Helgaud ofâ Fleury (d. 1048)â 101 HĂ©liot, Pierre (1901â1984)â 244 Hemel Hempstead (Hertfordshire, England), churchâ 226, 248â249 Hemingford Grey (Cambridgeshire, England), manor houseâ 237 Henry I [the Fowler], king ofâ the Ottonian Kingdom (876?â936)â 40, 42, 72, 239, 241 Henry I, king ofâ England (1068/1069â 1135)â 109, 156
Henry II, king ofâ England (1133â1189)â 112, 157, 232, 241 Henry II, German emperor (973â1024)â 42, 46, 84 Henry III, king ofâ England (1207â1272)â 189 Henry III, German emperor (1017â1057)â 72, 75, 238 Henry IV, German emperor (1050â1106)â 69, 70, 75, 88, 91, 127 Henry V, German emperor (1086â1125)â 71 Henry VI, king ofâ England (1421â1471)â 205 Henry VII, king ofâ England (1457â1509)â 259(15)7 Henry de Sully, bishop ofâ FĂ©camp (d. 1189)â 184 Henry ofâ Blois, bishop ofâ Winchester (1098/1099â1171)â 240 Henry ofâ Burgundy, count ofâ Portugal (1066â1112)â 145 Henry the Lion, duke ofâ Saxony (1129â1195)â 72 Herdecke (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), churchâ 37 Hereford (Herefordshire, England) bishopâs chapelâ 153, 212, 218 cathedralâ 154 Heribert, archbishop ofâ Cologne, saint (970?â1021)â 46 Herman, bishop ofâ Old Sarum/Salisbury (d. 1078)â 152 Hermopolis (Egypt), cathedral 138 Hersfeld (Hesse, Germany), abbeyâ 69, 77 Heslop, Sandyâ 8, 9, 148, 241, 253(3)18 Heywood, Stephenâ 172 Hezelo ofâ Clunyâ 125, 204 Hierapolis (Denizli Province, Turkey), martyriumâ 33 Hildemar ofâ Corbie (d. 850?)â 228 Hildesheim (Lower Saxony, Germany) cathedralâ 39, 42, 46, 47, 63, 74 St Godehardâ 73, 77 St Michaelâ 24, 42, 43, 47, 48, 68, 90, 101, 106, 118 Hilduin, bishop ofâ Paris (775â840)â 38 hindsightâ see research methods Hinton, Ianâ 219 Hirsau (Baden-WĂŒrttemberg, Germany)â 47, 168 SS Peter and Paulâ 77, 129 St Aureliusâ 53 Historia Compostellanaâ 135 historicismâ 183 history ofâ artâ 244 Hoey, Larry (1951â2000)â 186 Höfe (Hesse, Germany), churchâ 63 Hohenstaufen dynastyâ 72, 97, 190 Hohler, Christopherâ 56, 257(12)3 Holy Landâ 67, 172 Holycross (County Tipperary, Ireland), Holy Crossâ 197 Holy Roman Empireâ 252(2)15 Honorius Augustodunensis (1080â1154)â 215, 229 Horn, Walter (1908â1995)â 6, 25, 35, 230 Hornby (Yorkshire, England), St Maryâ 263(22)24 HĂžrning (Jutland, Denmark), timber churchâ 169 Hosios Lukas (Boeotia, Greece), monastic churchâ 215 hospitalsâ 230, 231 See also monasteriesâ infirmary Hospitallersâ 100, 131, 134 Houdan (Yvelines, France), great towerâ 241 housesâ 127, 236â237 chamber blocksâ 237 Hrabanus Maurus (780?â856)â 216, 218 Hroswitha ofâ Gandersheim (935?â1002)â 199 Hugh I, king ofâ France (939?â996)â 101 Hugh ofâ Abbevilleâ 240 Hugh ofâ Semur, abbot ofâ Cluny (1024â 1109)â 124â127, 138
Hugh ofâ St Victor (1096?â1141)â 262(19)30 HulĂn (ZlĂn Region, Czech Republic), church ofâ St Wenceslasâ 193 humanismâ 243 see also research methods Hungariansâ 11, 40, 54, 167 Hungary, kingdomâ 167â168, 193â194 Husaby (VĂ€stergotland, Sweden), churchâ 173, 198 Iberian peninsulaâ 13, 60, 61, 66, 67, 72, 100, 131, 135â146*, 147, 187â189 Ibn Khaldun (1332â1406)â 199 iconography, churchesâ 82, 84, 86, 90, 91, 215â227 cloistersâ 229 east end richerâ 225, 226 levelsâ 223, 226 numbersâ 217, 221 supports as markersâ 166, 226, 227, 248 See also vaults,â domes Idensen (Hannover, Germany)â magnateâs churchâ 73, 212, 213 magnateâs residenceâ 239 Idwal, son ofâ Gruffydd and abbot ofâPenmonâ159 Iffley (Oxfordshire, England)â 184 IguĂĄcel (Aragon, Spain)â Nuestra Señoraâ 142, 143, 208, 209 Ilbenstadt (Hesse, Germany), abbey churchâ 71 Ile-de-Franceâ 100 IlmmĂŒnster (Bavaria, Germany), St Alsatiusâ 78 Inchcolm (Firth ofâ Forth,, Scotland), abbey refectoryâ 197 Inden (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany) St Saviourâ 37 St Stephenâ 37, 60 Indiaâ 10, 127, 135 infirmaryâ see monasteries influenceâ see research methods Inge II, king ofâ Sweden (d. 1125?)â 173 Ingelheim (Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany), imperial palaceâ 32, 104, 105, 238, 241 Innerleithen (Scottish Borders, Scotland), Traquair hunting lodgeâ 237 Innocent II, pope (d. 1143)â 125 InowĆodz (TomaszĂłw Mazowiecki County, Poland), round-towered churchâ 167 Ireland, kingdomsâ 63, 67, 100, 147, 155, 159â161, 185 Isidore ofâ Seville (560?â636)â 139, 140, 219 Islamâ 131, 133, 198, 199, 217 Istanbulâ see Constantinople Italy, Italian peninsulaâ 13, 25, 27, 48-51*, 56, 59, 61, 64, 66, 70, 71, 72, 75, 76, 77, 80â99, 103, 114, 123, 126, 131, 148, 167, 168, 189-190*, 196â197, 198â201 growth ofâ townsâ 234 ivoriesâ 35, 40 Ivrea (Piedmont, Italy)â cathedralâ 50, 52, 81 Sto Stefanoâ 81 Ivry-la-Bataille (Eure, France), great towerâ 104, 105, 112, 155, 241 Jaca (Aragon, Spain)â cathedralâ 138, 143 Jacobâs Well (Palestinian Territories), churchâ 132 JĂĄk (Vas County, Hungary), Szent Györgyâ 194 Jakub (Prague, Czech Republic), St Jamesâ 27, 165 James, apostle, saintâ 135 JaromĂr, bishop ofâ Prague (d. 1090)â 88, 164 Jarrow (Tyne and Wear, England), monasteryâ 228 Jedburgh (Scottish Borders, Scotland), Augustinian churchâ 161â162 Jelling (Jutland, Denmark) stoneâ 169 timber churchâ 169 Jerichow (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany), monastic churchâ 191
This index is published in Eric Fernie: Romanesque Architecture (Pelican History of Art) available from Yale University Press www.yalebooks.co.uk isbn 078-0300-20354-7
index â âąâïČïžï·
Jerome, saint (347â420), on townsâ 111, 235 Jerpoint abbey (County Kilkenny, Ireland)â 197 Jerusalem (Israel) cityâ 10, 131 Dome ofâ the Rockâ 131, 133 Haram al-Sharifâ see Temple Mount Holy Sepulchreâ 131, 216 copiesâ 34, 44, 46, 53, 86, 91, 93, 169, 216â217*, 218, 221 Holy Cross churchâ 132 mosque ofâ Al-Aqsaâ 126, 133 mosque ofâ Omarâ 90 St Anneâ 132 Temple Mountâ 133 Temple ofâ Solomonâ 215 Temple ofâ the Lordâ 126 kingdomâ 133, 134 JindĆich ZdĂk, bishop ofâ Moravia (1083?â1150)â 164â165 Johannisberg (Hesse, Germany), round-towered churchâ 172 John IV, Patriarch (d. 1019)â 48 John, bishop ofâ Genoa (641â669)â 51 Josephus (37â100)â 207 Judith, duchess, wife ofâ Richard II, duke ofâ Normandy (d. 1017)â 105 Judith, second wife ofâ Vladislav II (1135?â1174)â 165 JumiĂšges (Seine-Maritime, France) Notre-Dameâ 24, 25, 87, 104, 106, 107*, 108, 121, 127, 143, 147, 154, 181, 213, 245 Saint-Pierreâ 37, 40, 46, 105, 107, 108, 253(3)11 Justinian I, emperor (482â565)â 20, 33, 74, 87, 88, 116, 216 KaĆdus (Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland), churchâ 64 KĂ€llstad (Ăstergötland County, Sweden), churchâ 173 Kalocsa (BĂĄcs-Kiskun County, Hungary), archdioceseâ 167 Kalundborg (Zealand, Denmark), church ofâ Our Ladyâ 195 Kasimir I, king ofâ Poland (1016â1058)â 165 Kelso (Scottish Borders, Scotland), Tironensian abbeyâ 161, 162 Kerkrade (Limburg, Netherlands), monastic churchâ 76 Kerr, Minottâ 126 Khirbat Iqbala (Israel), churchâ 133 Kidson, Peterâ 8 Kiev (Ukraine)â 13 Kilfenora (Kilfenora, Ireland), crossâ 161 Killaloe (County Clare, Ireland) abbey churchâ portal reset from cathedralâ 176, 177, 185 St Flannanâs Oratoryâ 159 Kilpeck (Herefordshire, England), Saints Mary and Davidâ 225 Kingdom ofâ the Two Siciliesâ 97 Kings Lynn (Norfolk, England), St Margaretâ 155 Kirkwall (Orkney, Scotland), cathedral ofâ St Magnusâ 172 kitchens medievalâ 233 see also monasteries modernâ 245 Kleinmariazell (Lower Austria, Austria), monastic churchâ 176, 177, 196 Kleincomburg (Baden-WĂŒrttemberg, Germany), churchâ 77 Klosterrathâ see Kerkrade Knights ofâ St Johnâ see Hospitallers Kojice (Pardubice Region, Czech Republic), churchâ 213 knowledgeâ 243 see also research methods Koloman, king ofâ Hungary (1074?â1116)â 168 Kondrac (Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic) churchâ 213 Königslutter (Lower Saxony, Germany), collegiate churchâ 72
Konstanz (Baden-WĂŒrttemberg, Germany)â 220, 222, 237â cathedralâ 46 rotundaâ 255(6)17 KornelimĂŒnsterâ see Inden KoĆcielec Proszowicki (Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland) churchâ 193 Krak (Syria), castleâ 133, 241 Krakow (KrakĂłw County, Poland)â 64, 165, 166, 208, 235 Wawel citadelâ 64, 165, 166 cathedral ofâ Saints Stanislaus and Wenceslausâ 165, 166 St Andrewâ 166, 167 St Adelbertâ 167 Krautheimer, Richard (1897â1994)â 94, 215, 216 Kubach, Hansâ 1, 2, 25, 247 Kugler, Franz (1808â1858)â 5 Kunstlandschaftâ see research methods, explanations Kursumlija (Toplica District, Serbia), St Nicholasâ 260(16)11 Kyje (Hradec KrĂĄlovĂ© Region, Czech Republic), churchâ 196, 213, 214 La CharitĂ©-sur-Loire (NiĂšvre, France), monastic churchâ 127, 129, 130 laityâ see liturgy Lambert ofâ Ardres (1160â1203)â 241 Lambert, bishop ofâ Konstanzâ 255(6)17 LandĂ©vennec (FinistĂšre, France), churchâ 110 Landsberg (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany), Doppelkapelleâ 222 Lanfranc, archbishop ofâ Canterbury (1005?â 1089)â 148, 153, 154 Lanfranc ofâ Modenaâ see master masons Langeais (Indre-et-Loire, France), castleâ 112 Langres (Haute-Marne, France), cathedralâ 128 Lanleff â (CĂŽtes-dâArmor, France), churchâ 216, 217 Lanmeur (FinistĂšre, France) Notre-Dame de Kernitronâ 110 Saint-Melarâ 227 Laon (Aisne, France)â 71 cathedral ofâ Notre-Dameâ 108, 179, 180, 181, 259(15)19 hall ofâ Louis IV 47 Templar churchâ 133 La Pobla de Lillet (Catalonia, Spain), rotundaâ 56, 255(6)17 La Sauve Majeure (Gironde, France), monastic churchâ 118 Lasko, Peter (1924â2003)â 253(4)12 Lasteyrie, Robert de (1849â1921)â 7, 28, 100, 101, 128, 131 Latin Churchâ 1, 9, 10, 12, 26â28*, 34, 63â68, 80, 82, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 99, 151, 154, 159, 161, 168, 176, 198â202 Latin languageâ 98 lavabosâ see monasteries Lavardin (Loir-et-Cher, France, France) Saint-Genestâ 110 Saint-Gildericâ 110 lawâ 111, 183, 236, 240 Lechfeld, battleâ 40 LâEcluse Haute (Haute-Savoie, France), churchâ 56 Le Corbusier (1887â1965)â 248 Le Dorat (Haute-Vienne, France), churchâ 121 Le Goff, Jacquesâ 246 Le Grand Pressigny (Indre-et-Loire, France), great towerâ 240 Le Mans (Sarthe, France)â 109 cathedralâ 37, 66, 103 Notre-Dame-de-la-Coutureâ 109 Notre-Dame-du-PrĂ©â 109 Saint-Junienâ 109 Le Puy (Haute-Loire, France), cathedralâ 121, 122 Le Thor (Vaucluse, France), churchâ 187 Le Thoronet (Var, France)â monasteryâ 229 LefĂšvre Pontalis, EugĂšne (1862â1923)â 128
Ćekno (West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland), apsed rotundaâ 167, 172, 255(6)23 Lenno (Lombardy, Italy), baptisteryâ 213 Leo III, pope (750?â816)â 32, 34, 234, 239 Leo IV, pope (d. 855)â 37 Leo IX, pope (1002â1054)â 78 Leo ofâ Ostia (d. 1075?)â 95 Leofric, earl ofâ Mercia (1057)â 63 Leofsinus (d. 1000)â 261(19)13 Leominster (Herefordshire, England), churchâ 211 Leon, kingdomâ 60, 139 LeĂłn (Leon, Spain) San Isidoroâ 138, 139, 140, 212 Museu Sant Marcâ 254(6)1 Lepcis Magna (Libya), Severan basilicaâ 14 LĂ©ridaâ see Lleida Lessay (Manche, France)â abbey churchâ 19, 108, 109, 151, 154 Leuchars (Fife, Scotland), St Athernaseâ 162 Leyre (Navarre, Spain), abbey churchâ 142 Liber Sancti Jacopiâ 135, 212 Pilgrimâs Guideâ 110, 114, 119, 123, 135 LiĂšge (Wallonia, Belgium) cathedralâ 69, 74, 75 Notgerâs burial churchâ 45 Saint-BarthĂ©lemyâ 74 St Janskerkâ 218 Saint-Laurentâ 74 Liguriaâ 51, 55, 87 Limburg-an-der-Haardt (Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany), collegiate churchâ 69, 76, 77, 101 Limburg-an-der-Lahn (Hesse, Germany), cathedralâ 192, 193, 208 Limoges (Haute-Vienne, France), abbey church ofâSaint-Martialâ102, 121, 136, 137 Limousin, countyâ 121 Lincoln (Lincolnshire, England)â castleâ 148 cathedralâ 148 Jewâs houseâ 236 Lisbon (Alentejo Region, Portugal), cathedralâ 145, 188 Litani, riverâ 133 liturgyâ 2, 199, 247 altarsâ 47, 68, 210, 222 churchâdivisionsâ210 consecrationâ 210 Farfa consuetudinaryâ 47 laityâ 40 Orthodox riteâ 95 Regularis Concordiaâ 43, 62 Roman or Latin riteâ 12, 63, 65, 95, 109, 120, 122, 135, 144 Li Vaux de Moise (Jordan), crusader castleâ 133 Llandaff â (South Glamorgan, Wales), cathedralâ 157, 186 Llandrillo-yn-Rhos (Conwy County Borough, Wales), Capel Trilloâ 157 Llangennydd (Glamorgan, Wales), St Cennyddâ 158 Lleida (Catalonia, Spain) Casa de la PaherĂaâ 237 cathedral Porte des Fillolsâ 188 Loarre (Aragon, Spain) castleâ 143, 241 chapelâ 143 Loches (Indre-et-Loire, France) castleâ 25, 26, 90, 112, 113, 156, 241, 246 Saint-Oursâ 111, 112 Loire, riverâ 100, 110â113, 114 Lombard Leagueâ 237 Lombardsâ 12, 92 Lombardy, kingdomâ 7, 11, 48â53, 56, 68, 80, 81, 84, 88, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 108 Lomello (Lombardy, Italy), Santa Mariaâ 26, 50, 81, 82, 89, 213 London (England) cathedral ofâ St Paulâ 149, 151, 260(17)2 housesâ 237
Roman wallâ 155 St Bartholomew the Great, Smithfieldâ 152 Temple Churchâ 185 Tower ofâ London, White Towerâ 155, 156, 157, 241 Westminster abbeyâ 147, 154 palaceâ 239 Lordâs Resistance Armyâ 245 Lorraine, northern and southern duchiesâ 11, 44â46, 48, 68, 71, 73â77, 88, 103, 104, 151 Lorsch (Hesse, Germany), monasteryâ 35, 37, 40, 43, 228 cushion capitalâ 23 Torhalleâ 22, 38, 42, 62, 101, 110 Lothar ofâ SĂŒpplingenburg, emperor (d. 1137)â 72, 163 Lotharingiaâ see Carolingian kingdom and empire Loudun (Vienne, France) churchâ 153 great towerâ 156 Louis II, king ofâ the Western Carolingian kingdom (d. 875/876)â 239 Louis IV, king ofâ the Western Carolingian kingdom (920â954)â 47 Louis the Pious, Carolingian emperor (778â840)â 31, 35, 37, 38, 239, 247 Louis VII, king ofâ France (1120â1180)â 179 Louvain (Flemish Region, Belgium), St Peter, octagonâ 212, 218 LĂŒbke, Wilhelm (1826â1893)â 5 Lucca (Tuscany, Italy)â 91 cathedral ofâ St Martinâ 91 San Fredianoâ 91 San Micheleâ 91 Lucciana (Haute-Corse, France), Santa Maria di Marianaâ 92 Ludlow (Shropshire, England), castle chapelâ 212 Lund (SkĂ„ne, Sweden) archdioceseâ 169 cathedralâ 169 timber churchâ 169 Lunner (Oppland County, Norway), churchâ 172 Lyman, Thomasâ 137 Lyon (RhĂŽne, France)â 55, 235 cathedralâ 187 ManĂ©canterieâ 237 Saint-Martin dâAinayâ 78 Maastricht (Limburg, Netherlands) St Servatiusâ 75 Our Ladyâ 46, 73, 173, 216 MacCarthaig abbot ofâ Regensburgâ 160 dynastyâ 159 Macdaraâs Island (County Galway, Ireland), monastic churchâ 159 Madurai (India), templeâ 127 Magdeburg (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany) cathedralâ 42, 192, 193 north buildingâ 42 Liebfrauenkircheâ 73, 77, 239 magistri comaciniâ 204 Magnus, saint (d. 1115)â 172 Maguelonne (HĂ©rault, France), cathedralâ 123, 214 Maimonides (1135â1204)â 219 Maine, countyâ 109 Mainz (Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany)â 66 bridgeâ 235 cathedralâ 7, 45, 46, 69, 72, 176, 190 chapel ofâ St Godehardâ 71, 212 Maiol, abbot ofâ Cluny, saint (d. 994)â 47, 56, 130 MalaucĂšne (Vaucluse, France), churchâ 196 Malcolm III, king ofâ Scotland (d. 1093)â 161 Manresa (Catalonia, Spain), abbeyâ 142 Mantua (Lombardy, Italy)â 88 baptisteryâ 88 Marast (Haute-SaĂŽne, France), churchâ 53
This index is published in Eric Fernie: Romanesque Architecture (Pelican History of Art) available from Yale University Press www.yalebooks.co.uk isbn 078-0300-20354-7
ïČïžïžâ âąâ romanesque architecture Marburg (Hesse, Germany), St Elizabethâ 193 Margam (Neath Port Talbot, Wales), Cistercian abbey churchâ 186 Margaret, Anglo-Saxon princess (1045?â1093)â 161 Maria Laach (Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany), monastic churchâ 76, 128 Marmoutier, (Indre-et-Loire, France), monastic kitchenâ 231 Marmoutier (Bas-Rhin, France), monastic churchâ 78, 167 Marseille (Bouches-du-RhĂŽne, France)â 55, 56 Martin, bishop ofâ Tours, saint (316?â397)â 110, 111 Martindale, Andrew (1932â1995)â 254(5)29 Marshall, Pamelaâ 240 masonryâ 2, 11â12, 27, 33, 49, 52, 61, 66, 80, 100, 169, 246 appareilâgrand, petitâ 66 ashlarâ 49, 66, 80, 87, 139 brickâ 33, 49, 50, 149 coursingâ 207 darkâ 42 Purbeckâ 208â Tournaiâ 104 masonsâ marksâ 207, 246 polychromyâ 17, 90, 92, 110, 112, 122, 186, 189, 207, 208, 253(3)10 quarryingâ 12, 27, 207 Roman masonry traditionâ 14â26 masonry, master masonsâ 204 agreed and/or suggested Bernardus Senexâ 135 Bonannoâ 91 Brotherhood ofâ Saint-BĂ©nĂ©zetâ 205 Buschettoâ 90 Casander ofâ Romeâ 204 Coorlandâ 114 Diotisalviâ 91 Donatus(?)â 169 Florin ofâ Franceâ 204 Lanfranc ofâ Modenaâ 86 Maurice ingeniatorâ 204 Petrus Deustambenâ 140 Raimundus Lombardusâ 204 Regnerus(?)â 169 Rotbertusâ 135 Teinfrithâ 204 Wernher, architect to Vladislav IIâ 164 William ofâ Sensâ 204 Massa Maritima (Tuscany, Italy), palazzo comunaleâ 237 Matilda, countess ofâ Tuscany (1046â1115)â 86, 87, 88, 91, 164 Matilda, duchess ofâ Normandy queen consort ofâ England (1031â1083)â 107 Matilda, empress (1102â1167)â 112 Matthew, apostle, saintâ 135 Maurice ingeniatorâ see master masons Maurice, son ofâ William de Londresâ 158 Maurus, bishop ofâ KrakĂłw (d. 1118)â 166 Maximus the Confessorâ 211 Maxwell, Robertâ 27, 116 Mayenne (Mayenne, France), tower residenceâ 47 McCormick, Michaelâ 11 McClendon, Charlesâ 35, 253(3)10 Mediterranean Seaâ 10, 13, 56, 87, 90 Mehun-sur-YĂšvre (Cher, France), churchâ 211 Meinwerk, bishop ofâ Paderborn (975?â 1036)â 44, 73 Melbourne (Derbyshire, England), church ofâ Henry IIâ 159, 172, 212 Melisende, queen ofâ Jerusalem (1105â 1161)â 131, 132, 133 Melkow (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany), churchâ 73 Mellifont (County Louth, Ireland), Cistercian abbeyâ 161 Melrose (Scottish Borders, Scotland), Cistercian abbeyâ 161 Memleben (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany), abbey churchâ 42, 43
MĂ©obecq (Indre, France), churchâ 112 Meriamlik (Mersin, Turkey), San Theclaâ 96 MÄĆĂn (VysoÄina Region, Czech Republic), St John the Baptistâ 193 Merovingian dynastyâ 103, 118 Meschede (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), St Walburgisâ 47, 106 Mesqui, Jeanâ 241 metaphorsâ 246 see also research methods metrologyâ 207, 257(12)5 Mettlach (Saarland, Germany), Alte Turmâ 212, 218 Metz (Moselle, France) cathedral ofâ St Stephenâ 45 tower housesâ 236 Meuse, riverâ 51, 74, 75 Meusnes (Loir-et-Cher, France), churchâ 112, 113, 122 Michael, saintâ 125, 200, 210 Middle Agesâ 10, 13, 14, 66 Mieszko I, king ofâ Poland (ruled c. 960â 992)â 63 MikulÄice (Pardubice Region, Czech Republic), churchâ 63, 64 Milan (Lombardy, Italy)â 56, 66, 81, 92 Holy Apostlesâ 46, 82, 218 see also San Nazaro palazzo comunaleâ 237 SantâAmbrogioâ 49, 50, 81, 82, 85, 87, 108, 123, 181 SantâEustorgioâ 49, 50 San Lorenzo, SantâAquilinoâ 218 San Nazaroâ 70, 77,81, 82, 83, 85, 97, 151 see also Holy Apostles San Simplicianoâ 46, 96 San Satiroâ 212 San Vincenzo in Pratoâ 49, 50 Milevsko (South Bohemian Region, Czech Republic) churchâ 213 millenniumâ 66 Minden (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), cathedralâ 46, 68 Mljet (Dalmatia, Croatia), St Maryâ 260(16)11 Modena (Emilia-Romagna, Italy)â 66 cathedralâ 86, 87, 89, 143, 168 modernismâ 184, 245, 248 medieval modernismâ see Gothic Moissac (Tarn-et-Garonne, France), monastic church ofâ Saint-Pierreâ 117, 118, 120, 121 Moje (Marche, Italy), monastic church ofâ Santa Mariaâ 93 Molfetta (Apulia, Italy), cathedralâ 96 monasteries monasterium meaning âchurch;â 102 monastic buildingsâ 35, 228â233 chapter houseâ 229, 230, 232 cloisterâ 35, 228, 230 dormitoryâ 35, 230 gatehouseâ 230, 231 guest rangeâ 35 infirmaryâ 35, 230 see also hospital kitchenâ 111, 112, 230 lavaboâ 230 night stairâ 210 refectoryâ 35, 230 reredorterâ 230, 232 schoolâ 35 scriptoriumâ 231 treasuryâ 230, 231 monastic churchesâ see churches, types monastic ordersâ 27, 109, 161 monastic reformâ 13, 27, 47, 76 Mondoñedo (Galicia, Spain), cathedralâ 140 monetary systemâ see Carolingian kingdom and empire Monkwearmouth (Tyne and Wear, England), abbeyâ 35 Monreale (Sicily, Italy), cathedralâ 98, 99 monastic buildingsâ 262(20)7 Montbazon (Indre-et-Loire, France), great towerâ 112, 156
Montecassino (Lazio, Italy), abbey churchâ 95, 96, 101, 126, 228 Monte Gargano (Apulia, Italy), shrine ofâ St Michaelâ 200 Montier-en-Der (Haute-Marne, France), monastic churchâ 103 Montmajeur (Bouches-du-RhĂŽne, France), Saint-Pierreâ 130 Montmorrillon (Vienne, France), octagonâ 116, 212 Mont-Saint-Michel (Manche, France), abbey churchâ 106, 111 Montserrat (Catalonia, Spain), Santa Ceciliaâ 56 Moralejo, Alvarezâ 142 Moravia, provinceâ 63, 64, 163 MoravskĂ© BudÄjovice (Prague, Czech Republic), apsed rotundaâ 163, 212 Morgannwg, principalityâ 157 Morienval (Oise, France), Notre-Dameâ 102 Mortemer (Eure, France), abbey churchâ 184 Moselle, riverâ 51, 75, 76 mouldingsâ see decoration Mount Garizim (Israel), church ofâ the Virginâ 74 Moyne Friary (County Mayo, Ireland)â 197 Mozarabic architectureâ 61, 135, 145 Mudejar architectureâ 140 Muirchertach, king ofâ Munster (1050?â1119)â 160 Muizen (Antwerp, Belgium), St Lambertusâ 45, 218 MĂŒnchsteinach (Bavaria, Germany), abbey churchâ 79 Munster, kingdomâ 159 MĂŒnzenberg (Hesse, Germany), castleâ 213, 240, 241 Murato (Haute-Corse, France), San Micheleâ 27, 92 Murbach (Vosges, France), monastic churchâ 78, 191 Murchadh, king ofâ Ireland (d. 1036)â 158 Muri (Canton ofâ Aargau, Switzerland), abbey churchâ 53 Myra (Antalya Province, Turkey)â 96
Nikopolis (Epirus, Greece), Basilica Aâ 18, 38 NĂźmes (Gard, France), Temple ofâ Dianaâ 131 Nin (Zadar, Croatia), Holy Crossâ 65 Nitrianska Blatnice (Slovakia), St Georgeâ 63 Nivelles (Wallonia, Belgium) St Gertrudeâ 48, 74, 75, 219, 261(19)6 grave ofâ St Gertrudeâ 219 Noli (Liguria, Italy), San Paragorioâ 51, 93 Norbert, bishop ofâ Xanten, saint (1080?â1134)â 71 Norbertine orderâ see Premonstratensian order Normandy, duchyâ 18, 25, 47, 87, 98, 101, 109*, 147, 156, 180, 184, 240, 247 Norman conquest ofâ Englandâ 67, 147 Norman conquest ofâ southern Italy and Sicilyâ 95 Normansâ 80, 88, 95, 157 NĂžrre JernlĂžse (Zealand, Denmark), churchâ 169 Norssunda (Stockholm County, Sweden), church 173 North Elmham (Norfolk, England), bishopâs chapelâ 220, 221 North Seaâ 172, 198 Northampton (Northamptonshire, England), palaceâ 61 Norway, kingdomâ 170â172, 249 Norwich (Norfolk, England) castleâ 156, 246 cathedralâ 151, 172, 180, 181, 211, 246 Notker, biographer ofâ Charlemagne (840â912)â 12 Notger, bishop ofâ LiĂšge (940?â1008)â 45 Novara (Piedmont, Italy)â cathedralâ 83 Ognissantiâ 84 palazzo comunaleâ 237 Novgorod (Novgorod Oblast, Russia), churchesâ 202 Noyon (Oise, France), cathedralâ 179, 180 number symbolismâ see iconography Nuremberg (Bavaria, Germany), palace chapelâ 212 Nylars (Bornholm, Denmark), St Nicholasâ 170
Nabi Samwil (Palestinian Territories)â 132 Namur (Wallonia, Belgium), Saint-Aubinâ 75 Nanteuil-en-VallĂ©e (Charente, France), monastic treasuryâ 231 Naples (Campania, Italy), cathedralâ 196 Naranco (Asturias, Spain) hallâ 239 Santa Mariaâ 60 Narni (Umbria, Italy), cathedralâ 94 Navarre, kingdomâ 142 navesâ see churches Nea Moni (Chios, Greece), Katholikonâ 201 Nebbio (Haute-Corse, France), cathedralâ 92 Neuenburg (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany), castle, Doppelkapelleâ 212 Neuss (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), St Quirinusâ 191 Neustadt (Bavaria, Germany), abbey churchâ 79 Neustadt-am-Main (Bavaria, Germany), St Saviourâ 37 Neuvy-Saint-Sepulchre (Indre, France), churchâ 112 Nevers (NiĂšvre, France) cathedralâ 129 Saint-Ătienneâ 122, 126, 129, 136, 178, 180 Nevers, countyâ 129 New Shoreham (Sussex, England)â 184 NiccolĂČ, sculptorâ 72, 86, 87 Nicholas bishop ofâ Myra, saint (270â343)â 96, 107, 247 Nicolas de Biart (c. 1260)â 204 Nidarosâ see Trondheim night stairâ see monasteries Nijmegen (Gelderland, Netherlands) royal palace St Martinâ 169 St Nicolasâ 45, 218
Oakham (East Midlands, England), hallâ 239 Oberfeldbrecht (Bavaria, Germany), Saints Mary and Georgeâ 79 OâBriain, dynastyâ 159 Ockhamâs razorâ 248 see also research methods Ocquier (Wallonia, Belgium) churchâ 75 Odense (Southern Denmark, Denmark), St Albanâ 169 Oder, riverâ 68, 165, 172 Odilo, abbot ofâ Cluny (962?â1048/1049)â 47, 52, 55, 66, 130, 254(5)29 Odo ofâ Metzâ 32 Odo, Norman magnate (d. 1098)â 108 Odolric, abbot ofâ Conques (d. 1065)â 119 Ohrid (Macedonia), St Sophiaâ 20, 51 OâKeeffe, Tadhgâ 8, 247 Olafâ Haraldson, king ofâ Norway, saint (995â1030)â 170, 172, 174 Olafâ Kyrre, king ofâ Norway (1050?â1093)â 170 Olafâ Tryggvason, king ofâ Norway (960?â1000)â 170 Olbia (Sardinia, Italy), San Simplicioâ 91, 92 old-fashionedâ see research methods Old Sarum (Wiltshire, England) bishopâs palaceâ 232 castleâ 152 cathedralâ 152, 213 Old Shoreham (Sussex, England), churchâ 226 Oleggio (Piedmont, Italy), churchâ 103 Oliba, abbot ofâ Cuxa and Ripoll, bishop ofâ Vic (971â1046)â 58* Olomouc (Moravia, Czech Republic), bishopâs palaceâ 164 Olov Skötkonnung (c. 995â1022)â 172 OmiĆĄ (Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia), St Peterâ 65, 168
This index is published in Eric Fernie: Romanesque Architecture (Pelican History of Art) available from Yale University Press www.yalebooks.co.uk isbn 078-0300-20354-7
index â âąâïČïžïč
OpatĂłw (ĆwiÄtokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland), churchâ 167 Oporto (Norte Region, Portugal), Cedofeita, churchâ 145 opus alexandrinumâ 95 opus reticulatumâ 122, 129 Orange (Vaucluse, France), triumphal archâ 131 Orcival (Puy-de-DĂŽme, France), Notre-Dameâ 122 Orderic Vitalis (1075â1142?)â 66, 124, 129, 204 ordersâ archâ 28, 66, 68 giantâ 16, 68, 153, 162 Orford (Suffolk, England), great towerâ 241 orientationâ 210, 219 Orkney, earldomâ 172 Orkneyinga Sagaâ 172 OrlĂ©ans (Loiret, France)â 66, 100, 101 cathedral ofâ Sainte-Croixâ 101, 103 Saint-Aignanâ 101, 103, 104, 111, 136 Orphir (Orkney, Scotland), round church or chapelâ 172 Orp-le-Grand (Wallonia, Belgium), churchâ 75 Orthodox Churchâ 19, 65, 95, 97, 131, 200 Oslo (Oslo, Norway) dioceseâ 170 cathedralâ 171 Gamle Akerâ 171 Ăsterlars (Bornholm, Denmark), St Laurenceâ 169, 170 Ostia (Lazio, Italy), housesâ 236, 237 Ostrogothsâ 33,36, 92 OstrĂłw Lednicki (Poland), palaceâ 63, 238 Ottmarsheim (Haut-Rhin, France), monastic churchâ 77, 78, 218 Otto I, emperor (912â73)â 13, 40, 42, 64, 223, 224 Otto II, emperor (955â983)â 41, 42, 58, 74 Otto III, emperor (980â1002)â 44, 63, 64, 65, 238, 252(2)15 Ottonian dynasty and empireâ 12â13*, 28, 47, 48, 61, 64, 66, 68, 72, 84, 245 architectureâ 1, 7, 8, 24, 40â47*, 53, 64, 69, 73, 74, 107 Ovarra (Aragon, Spain), Santa Mariaâ 145 oversailingâ see construction Oviedo (Asturias, Spain)â San Miguel de Lillo (also Linio)â 60 Santullano de los Pradosâ 60 Oxford (Oxfordshire, England), St Frideswideâsâ 179 Paderborn (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany) Abdinghofkircheâ 44, 73, 103 Busdorfkircheâ 44, 46 cathedralâ 73, 108, 198, 198 palaceâ 44 St Bartholomewâ 44, 47, 68, 212 Paderna (Piedmont, Italy), castle chapelâ 167 Padua (Veneto, Italy), Arena Chapelâ 209 painting on buildingsâ 207 palacesâ 31, 33, 34, 41, 42, 44, 60, 61, 63, 64, 72, 84, 88, 97, 98, 212, 213, 232â233, 238â239*, 240 to north ofâ churchâ 60, 238 See also chapels,â palace palazzo comunaleâ see government buildings Palencia (Castile and Leon, Spain), cathedralâ 139, 140, 144 Palermo (Sicily, Italy)â 90, 97 Cappella Palatinaâ 98, 212 cathedralâ 99 La Zisaâ 98, 200, 238 La Cubaâ 98, 238 Martoranaâ 98, 200 Ponte Amiraglioâ 235 San Cataldoâ 98 San Francescoâ 196 San Giovanni degli Eremitiâ 98, 187 San Giovanni dei Lebbrosiâ 98 Palmyra (Syria)â 40 Pamplona (Navarre, Spain), cathedralâ 142
Pannonhalma monastery (GyĆr-Moson-Sopron County, Hungary)â 167, 168 Panofsky, Erwin (1892â1968)â 66, 178, 245, 251(1)2 papacyâ 8, 9, 12, 13, 19, 27, 31, 66, 76, 94, 96, 124 Gregorian reformâ 8 Papal statesâ 47, 49, 80, 88, 92â94 Paray-le-Monial (SaĂŽne-et-Loire, France), abbey churchâ 127, 128 Paris (Ăle-de-France, France)â 100, 101, 218 cathedralâ 180 palace ofâ the Louvreâ 102 Saint-Denisâ 36, 37, 38, 46, 101, 108, 178, 181 Saint-Germain-des-PrĂ©sâ 102 Saint-Pierre-de-Montmartreâ 180 Saint-Martin-des-Champsâ 178, 180 Sainte-Chapelleâ 212 parish churchesâ see churches,â types Parma (Emilia-Romagna, Italy)â 66, 88 baptisteryâ 189, 213 cathedralâ 84, 85, 89, 165 Parthenay (Deux-SĂšvres, France) Holy Sepulchreâ 115, 116, 235 St-Croixâ 115 Parthenay-le-Vieux (Deux-SĂšvres, France), Saint-Pierreâ 115, 116 Paschal I, pope, saint (d. 824)â 37 Paschal II, pope (d. 1118)â 85 pastophoriesâ see churches patronageâ 1, 2, 204â205 Paul ofâ Caen, abbot ofâ St Albanâs (d. 1093)â 148, 149 Paulinus, bishop ofâ Tyre (d. 329?)â 215 Paulinzelle (Thuringia, Germany), monastic churchâ 77 Pavia (Lombardy, Italy)â 50, 84, 169 cathedralâ 70, 77, 84 palace ofâ Otto IIIâ 238 San Micheleâ 72 84, 86, 172 Torre Civicaâ 50 Payerne (Canton ofâ Vaud, Switzerland), abbey churchâ 52, 55 PĂ©cs (Baranya County, Hungary)â 167 cathedralâ 168 Pedro Deustambenâ see master masons Peers, Charles (1868â1952)â 248 Peirce, Charles (1839â1914)â 261(19)4 PelĂĄezâ see Diego PelĂĄez pendentivesâ see vaultsâ domes Penmon (Anglesey, Wales), prioryâ 159 Perge (Antayla Province, Turkey), Basilica Aâ 96 Perigord, countyâ 114, 116, 117 PĂ©rigueux (Dordogne, France) housesâ 236 Saint-Ătienneâ 116, 117, 213 Saint-Frontâ 116, 117 periodsâ 28, 244, 245 Carolingian, Ottonian, Romanesqueâ 28 whole-cultureâ 28, 245, 253(3)10 Western history, on three-part and two-part modelsâ 13, 14 Perpignan (PyrĂ©nĂ©es-Orientales, France)â 56 Perrault, Charles (1628â1703)â 153 Perrecy-les-Forges (SaĂŽne-et-Loire, France), churchâ 256(9)6 Perros Guirec (CĂŽtes-dâArmor, France), Saint-Jacquesâ 110 Perschen (Bavaria, Germany) rotundaâ 79 Saints Peter and Paulâ 78 Peter, apostle, saintâ 116, 121, 136 Peter the Venerable, abbot ofâ Cluny (1092?â 1156)â 125, 128, 231 Peterborough (Cambridgeshire, England), cathedralâ 162,180, 184, 196, 227 Petronell (Lower Austria, Austria), rotundaâ 79 Petrus Brunus, sculptor(?)â 123 Petrus Deustambenâ see master masons Peutinger mapâ 10, 11, 135 Pförring (Bavaria, Germany), St Leonhardâ 79
Philip I, king ofâ France (1052â1108)â 114, 138 Photius, patriarch ofâ Constantinople, (810?â893?)â 212 Piacenza (Emilia-Romagna, Italy)â 66, 72 cathedralâ 85, 86, 87, 205 SantâAntoninoâ 50, 150 San Savinoâ 256(8)13 Piegut (Dordogne, France), great towerâ 263(21)12 piersâ 14, 15, 23, 24,26, 49 compoundâ 51, 62, 66, 83, 87, 89, 101 cylindricalâ 55, 86, 153 rectangularâ 37 Pietro Orseolo, doge, saint (928â998)â 58 Pilgrimâs Guideâ see Liber Sancti Jacopi pilgrimagesâ 27, 47, 66, 96, 135, 210 Pineuilh (Gironde, France), tower residenceâ 47 Pippin [the Short], king ofâ the Franks (714?â768)â 37 Pirenne, Henri (1862â1935)â 10 Pisa (Tuscany, Italy)â 51, 66, 91, 92, 247 baptisteryâ 91, 213 cathedralâ 85, 86, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 126 campanileâ 91 San Piero a Gradoâ 92 Plaimpied (Cher, France), churchâ 112 Plankstetten (Bavaria, Germany), Saints Mary and Johnâ 79, 258(13)4 plans, centralizedâ 19, 46, 51, 53, 56, 63, 64, 71, 229, 230 See also chapels, centralized, and churches:â types, centralized planning and designingâ 2, 205â207, 210â211, 248 geometryâ 205â207 golden sectionâ 205 grid systemsâ 235 square root ofâ twoâ 205, 206 vesica piscisâ 205 tracing floorsâ 206 types: ambiguous spaceâ 14, 15, 18, 20 articulationâ 6, 7, 8, 14, 15, 20â42 passim, 41â42, 49, 60, 61, 63, 65, 66, 69, 101, 157, 204, 211, 249 Gothicâ 178, 179 unitsâ 206 Plasy (PlzeĆ Region, Czech Republic), Cistercian monasteryâ 164 Plato (424/423BCâ348/347BC)â 206 PĆock (Poland), bronze doorsâ 202 plough, heavy-wheeledâ see Carolingian dynasty, technology Po, riverâ 49, 55, 85, 86, 92 Poitiers (Vienne, France)â 40, 115, 116 baptisteryâ 18, 110 cathedralâ 186 Notre-Dame-la-Grandeâ 115 Saint-Hilaire-le-Grandâ 114, 122, 256(9)6 Poitou, countyâ 113, 114, 117, 128 Poland, kingdomâ 63â64, 79, 165â167, 193, 249 growth ofâ townsâ 234 politics, political unitsâ 100, 247 polychromyâ see masonry Pompeii (Campania, Italy) Stabian bathsâ 63 Villa ofâ the Mysteriesâ 228 Pomposa (Emilia-Romagna, Italy)â abbotâs hallâ 239 churchâ 49, 81 Pons de Melgueil, abbot ofâ Cluny (1075?â1126)â 128 Pontigny (Yonne, France), abbey churchâ 182 Poppo, abbot ofâ Stavelot (d. 1048?)â 75 Poppo, archbishop ofâ Trier (d. 1042?)â 76 Poppo, bishop ofâ Paderborn (in office 1076â1088)â 73 Poppo, patriarch ofâ Aquileia (1019â42)â 48 PoreÄ (Istria County, Croatia), cathedralâ 58, 91 baptisteryâ 213 PoĆĂÄĂ nad SĂĄzavou (Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic), churchâ 213
Porto Torres (Sardinia, Italy), San Gavinoâ 91 Portchester (Hampshire, England), tower residenceâ 63 Port de Cizeâ 114 Porter, Arthur Kingsley, (1883â1933)â 83, 141, 142 Portocaliaâ 145 Portofinoâ see San Fruttuoso di Capodimonte Portonovo (Marche, Italy), Santa Mariaâ 93 Portovenere (Liguria, Italy), San Pietroâ 196 Porto Torres (Sardinia, Italy), San Gavinoâ 91 Portugal, kingdomâ 145, 146, 188 postmodernismâ 243, 244 see also research methods PoznaĆ (Greater Poland, Poland)â 63, 165 cathedralâ 64 Pozzuoli (Campania, Italy), Piscina Mirabileâ 14, 15, 58 Prague (Prague, Czech Republic)â 63, 235 castleâ 165 bishopâs palaceâ 238 chapelâ 213 cathedral ofâ St Vitusâ 63, 164, 166 apsed rotundaâ 164 St Georgeâ 164 Holy Cross the Lesserâ 163 Hospitallers, churchâ 165 Judith Bridgeâ 165, 235 Karlshof, chapelâ 218 residence ofâ the Lords ofâ Kunstatâ 236 St Longinusâ 163 St Martin on the Wallâ 165 Strahov, Premonstratensian houseâ 165 VyĆĄehrad Castleâ 213 St Peterâ 212 St Laurenceâ 164 Prandocin (Krakow, Poland), St John the Baptistâ 167 Premonstratensian or Norbertine orderâ 71, 73, 129, 132, 164, 193, 212 PĆemyslid dynastyâ 163 Procopius (500?â565?)â 217 projectionsâ axonometric, isometricâ 281 Provence, countyâ 52, 55, 56, 67, 100, 123, 128, 130, 131, 187 Provins (Seine-et-Marne, France), houseâ 236 Prussiansâ 64 public buildingsâ see government buildings Pudsey, bishop ofâ Durham (1125?â1195)â 184 Puente la Reinaâ (Navarre, Spain) bridgeâ 235 street gridâ 235 Puig i Cadafalch, Josep (1867â1956)â 7, 48 Pyreneesâ 114, 122, 135, 138, 142, 143, 199, 235 Qalâat Siâman (Syria), churchâ 19, 90 Qairouan (Tunisia)â 126 Qalb Lozeh (Syria)â 19, 40 Quarante (HĂ©rault, France), Sainte-Marieâ 122 quarryingâ see masonry Quedlinburg (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany)â St Servatiusâ 72 Wipertikircheâ 43, 73 Querfurt (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany), castle chapelâ 73 Quicherat, Jules (1814â1882)â 100 Quimper (FinistĂšre, France), Locmariaâ 110 QuimperlĂ© (FinistĂšre, France), Sainte-Croixâ 216 Quintanilla de las Viñas (Castile and Leon, Spain), churchâ 61 Quintavalle, Arturo Carloâ 8, 211, 215 Rab (Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Croatia), cathedral ofâ St Mary the Greatâ 168, 169 Radford, Ralegh (1900â1999)â 248 Rahan (County Offaly, Ireland), main churchâ 160 Raimundus Lombardusâ see master masons Rainaldus, abbot ofâ Vezelay (d. after 1128)â 128 Rainerus, bishop ofâ Florence (d. 1113)â 90 Ralph Glaber (985?â1047)â 66, 207
This index is published in Eric Fernie: Romanesque Architecture (Pelican History of Art) available from Yale University Press www.yalebooks.co.uk isbn 078-0300-20354-7
ïČïčï°â âąâ romanesque architecture Ramiro I, king ofâ Aragon (1007â1063)â 60, 142 Ramleh (Israel)â 126 Raphael [ofâ Urbino] (1483â1520)â 221 Rates (Norte Region, Portugal), San Pedroâ 145 Ratger, abbot ofâ Fulda (d. 802)â 37 Ravello (Campania, Italy), San Giovanni del Toroâ 96 Ravenna (Emilia-Romagna, Italy)â 32, 40, 91, 92 Galla Placidia, oratoryâ 217 Orthodox baptisteryâ 18, 49 SantâApollinare in Classeâ 49, 216 SantâApollinare Nuovoâ 47, 49 San Vitaleâ 20, 22, 33, 82, 93, 118 San Vittoreâ 49 Raumverschmelzungâ 178 Reconquistaâ 66 Red Tower (Plain ofâ Sharon, Israel)â crusader castleâ 134 refectoryâ see monasteries Regensburg (Bavaria, Germany) bridge over the Danubeâ 235 cathedral ofâ St Peterâ 46 Allerheiligenkapelleâ 223, 224 St Jamesâ 160 St Emmeramâ 38 Regularis Concordiaâ see liturgy Reichenau (Baden-WĂŒrttemberg, Germany) Mittelzell, monasteryâ 228 St Maryâ 22, 37, 40, 43, 53 Oberzell, St Georgeâ 40, 62 Reims (Marne, France)â 58, 101,103 cathedralâ 6, 25, 37, 40, 103, 179 Saint-Remiâ 103, 111, 121, 136, 184, 211 tower residenceâ 47 reinforcementsâ see construction relicsâ 13, 27, 47, 63, 96, 107, 210 Renaissanceâ 13 Renoux, Annieâ 239 Repton (Derbyshire, England), St Wystanâ 62, 151 reredorterâ see monasteries research methodsâ 243â249 bald man paradoxâ 259(15)19 documentary evidenceâ 148, 246 explanationsâ 247 accidentâ 248 designâ 248â249 Kunstlandschaftâ 247 hindsightâ 183, 192, 245 influenceâ 248 old-fashionedâ 66, 69, 246 plans, placing ofâ 248 semioticsâ 261(19)4 sourcesâ 248 tradition, traditionalâ 66, 76, 77, 246 See also dating buildings, evolution, humanism, metaphors, Oakhamâs razor, periods, postmodernism, teleology Resurrectionâ 47, 216, 221 Ćeznovice (South Moravian Region, Czech Republic), chapelâ 213 Rhine, riverâ 41, 51, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 77, 82, 100, 102, 128 RhĂŽne, riverâ 55 rib vaultâ see vaults Ribe (Southern Denmark, Denmark), cathedralâ 169 Richard I, duke ofâ Normandy (933â996)â 104, 147 Richard I, king ofâ England (1157â1199)â 241 Richard II, duke ofâ Normandy (978/983â 1026)â 104, 105 Richard Landesâ 66 Richmond (Yorkshire, England), castleâ 158, 239, 240, 241 Rio Mau (Porto, Portugal), SĂŁo CristĂłvĂŁoâ 145 ĆĂp (ĂstĂ nad Labem Region, Czech Republic), St. George, apsed rotundaâ 163 Ripoll (Catalonia, Spain), Santa Mariaâ 57, 58*, 59, 103, 122 Rivolta dâAdda (Lombardy, Italy), churchâ 67, 70, 83, 87
Robert II, king ofâ France (972â1031)â 56, 101 Robert Campin (1375?â1444)â 76 Robert Fitzhamon, lord (d. 1107)â 213â214 Robert Guiscard (1015?â1085)â 95 Robert, abbot ofâ JumiĂšges, bishop ofâ London, archbishop ofâ Canterbury (d. 1052/1055)â 147 Robert, abbot ofâ Molesme, saint (1028?â1111)â 129 Robert, archbishop ofâ Rouen (989â1037)â 105 Robert, bishop ofâ Hereford (d. 1095)â 212 Robert, bishop ofâ St Andrews (d. 1159)â 162 Robert, earl ofâ BellĂȘme (1056â1130)â 204 Rochester (Kent, England) castleâ 156, 212, 234, 241 cathedralâ 155 Roda (Catalonia, Spain), Sant Pereâ 58, 106 Roda de IsĂĄbena (Aragon, Spain), cathedralâ 145 Roermond (Roermond, Netherlands), Cistercian abbey churchâ 191 Roger II, king ofâ the Two Sicilies (1095â 1154)â 97, 98 Roger, abbot ofâ Moissac (in office 1115â131)â 121 Roger, bishop ofâ Old Sarum/Salisbury (d. 1139)â 158, 209, 232 Roger ofâ Pont lâEvĂȘque, archbishop ofâ York (1115?â1181)â 186 Rohr (Thuringia, Germany), St Michaelâ 37, 43, 212 Rolducâ see Kerkrade RomainmĂŽtier (Canton ofâ Vaud, Switzerland), monastic churchâ 52, 55 Roman Empireâ 10, 11, 114, 252(2)15 administrationâ 114, 157 architectureâ 5, 14, 15, 16, 25, 33, 35, 36, 66, 68, 70, 76, 82, 103, 126, 148, 153, 154, 158, 174, 224 law on cemeteriesâ 111 masonry traditionâ 14â26, 155 townsâ 235 triumphal archesâ 34, 87, 114, 131, 148 Roman Empire, Easternâ 10, 12, 17, 18, 19, 33, 63, 80, 87, 95, 92, 134, 252â253(2)15 Byzantine architectureâ 5, 12, 19â22, 38, 41, 49, 51, 56, 57, 63, 64, 71, 91, 93, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100, 118, 167, 168, 173, 174, 201, 215 sculptureâ 81, 87 Roman Empire, Westernâ 10, 17, 33, 49, 81, 92, 245, 252(2)15 Romance languagesâ 5, 100 Romanesque architectureâ 1, 2, 5â9*, 14â28*, 38, 69, 80, 81, 87, 94, 95, 131, 157, 184, 245, 246 contextsâ 10â13 definitionsâ 1â9, 10, 14 see also articulation Firstâ 7, 48, 48â59*, 58, 66, 68, 75, 77, 80, 82, 87, 92, 100, 101, 103, 116, 118, 122, 124, 126, 139, 140, 145, 246, 247 lateâ 176â177, 195 originsâ 7, 8, 28 pre-â 8 proto-â 252(1)14 Secondâ[], 66, 80, 103, 246 sourcesâ 25 square schematismâ 6 Romanesque sculptureâ 8, 24, 66, 70, 72, 84, 87, 93, 114, 135, 141, 142 corrente comascaâ 84 Romaniaâ 260(16)12 Rome (Lazio, Italy)â 10, 48, 58, 61, 80, 81, 91, 94, 95, 97, 136, 172 Aurelian wallsâ 16 Basilica Juliaâ 26 Basilica ofâ Maxentiusâ 55, 70 churches SantâAgneseâ 38 San Clementeâ 94, 97 Santa Costanzaâ 212 San Giorgio in Velabroâ 94 SS Giovanni e Paoloâ 94
San Lorenzoâ 38 Santa Maria in Cosmedinâ 94 Santa Maria in Trastevereâ 94 Santa Maria Maggioreâ 47 Santa Maria sopra Minervaâ 197 St Paulâs Outside the Wallsâ 16, 17, 35â37, 44, 47, 51, 80, 94â 167, 229 St Peterâsâ 16, 17, 32, 34, 35â37,43, 46, 48, 51, 58, 63, 68, 69, 80, 90, 94, 101, 103, 106, 126, 149, 150, 219, 247 copiesâ 220, 221 Santa Prassedeâ 37 Santa Sabinaâ 40 Santi Quattro Coronatiâ 94 San Sebastianoâ 17, 38, 63 Santo Stefano degli Abessiniâ 37 Colosseumâ 6, 15, 38 Domus Augustanaâ 34 Forma urbis romaeâ 35 Lateran cathedral ofâ St Johnâ 222 cloisterâ 189, 229 papal palaceâ 234, 238, 239 tricliniumâ 32 Milvian bridgeâ 235 Minerva Medicaâ 70 Palatineâ 41, 238 Pantheonâ 55, 90, 127, 246 Thermae ofâ Diocletianâ 36 Villa dei Sette Bassiâ 70 Villa Mattei, sarcophagusâ 254(6)1 Romsey (Hampshire, England), abbey churchâ 162, 248, 258(13)18 Romuald ofâ Ravenna, saint (950?â1025/1027)â 58 Ronceray (Maine-et-Loire, France), abbey churchâ 113, 116 Roriczer, Mathes (d. 1495?)â 205, 206 Roscrea (North Tipperary, Ireland), St Cronanâsâ 160 Rosheim (Bas-Rhin, France), churchâ 171 Roskilde (Zealand, Denmark), churchâ 169 Roslyn (Midlothian, Scotland), churchâ 197 Rotbertusâ see master masons rotundasâ see chapels, centralized; churches, types, centralized; and plansâ centralized Rouen (Seine-Maritime, France)â 61, 66, 101 cathedralâ 37, 40, 105, 106, 148 great towerâ 104 Petit Quevilly, churchâ 184 street gridâ 235, 254(6)6 Royal Domainâ 100, 101, 178 Râsafah (Syria), St Sergiusâ 19 RudolfâofâAltenburg, (count ofâHabsburg (985/990â1063/1064)â 77 Rule ofâ St Augustineâ see Augustinian rule Rule ofâ St Benedictâ 231 Russiaâ 173, 174 Sabiona (South Tyrol, Italy), monastic churchâ 47 Sabratha (Tripolitania, Libya), theatreâ 62 Sagra di San Michele (Piedmont, Italy)â 85, 87 SahagĂșn (Castile and Leon, Spain) San Facundoâ 140 San Tirsoâ 140 Said, Edward (1935â2003)â 243 Saâid ibn Akhmad (d. 1070?)â 199 Saint-Aignan (Loir-et-Cher, France), churchâ 112 Saint-Antonin-Noble-Val (Tarn-et-Garonne, France), logis des Graulhetâ 236, 237 Saint-Aubin (CĂŽte-dâOr, France), churchâ 60 Saint-BenoĂźt-sur-Loire (Loiret, France), abbey churchâ 47, 97, 101, 102, 103, 112, 122, 129, 136 Saint-Gabriel (Bouches-du-RhĂŽne, France), churchâ 131 Saint-Germer-de-Fly (Oise, France), Saint-Germerâ 180 Saint-GĂ©neroux (Deux-SĂšvres, France), churchâ 113, 122, 256(9)6
Saint-Genis-des Fontaines (PyrĂ©nĂ©es-Orientales, France), churchâ 56 Saint-Genou (Indre, France), churchâ 112, 130 Saint-Gilles-du-Gard (Gard, France) Saint-Gillesâ 123 houseâ 236 Saint-Guilhem-le-DĂ©sert (HĂ©rault, France), abbey churchâ 122 Saint-Jean-de-Cole (Dordogne, France), churchâ 117 Saint-LĂ©onard-de-Noblat (Haute-Vienne, France), collegiate churchâ 121 Saint-Lothian (Jura, France), churchâ 53 Saint-Martin-de-Boscherville (Dordogne, France)â eleventh-century churchâ 151 Saint-Georgesâ 109 Saint-Martin-du-Canigou (PyrĂ©nĂ©es-Orientales, France), abbey churchâ 56, 101, 116, 130, 144 Saint-Martin-de-Londres (HĂ©rault, France), churchâ 123 Saint-Michel-de-Cuxa (PyrĂ©nĂ©es-Orientales, France), abbey churchâ 58, 59, 152, 256(9)6 Saint-Michel dâEntraigues (Charente, France), churchâ 116 Saint-Nectaire (Puy-de-DĂŽme, France), churchâ 122 Saint-Omer (Pas-de-Calais, France), Saint-Bertinâ 104 Saint-Paul-Trois-Chateaux (DrĂŽme, France), cathedralâ 130, 131, 187 Saint-Philibert-de-Grandlieu (Loire-Atlantique, France), churchâ 37, 38, 47, 50, 101, 107, 113 Saint-Pons-de-ThomiĂšres (HĂ©rault, France), abbey churchâ 214 Saint-Riquierâ see Centula Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe (Poitou, France), monastic churchâ 115, 208, 209 Saint-Sever-sur-lâAdour (Landes, France), Saint-Severâ 118, 229 Saint-SĂ©verin-en-Condroz (Wallonia, Belgium), churchâ 77 Saint-Trond (Flemish Region, Belgium), abbey churchâ 75, 104, 150 Saintes (Charente-Maritime, France)â 114 cathedralâ 116 Saint-Eutropeâ 116 Sainte-Marie-des-Damesâ 116 Saintonge, countyâ 112, 114, 116, 117 Salamanca (Castile and Leon, Spain), cathedralâ 187 Saldes (Catalonia, Spain), rotundaâ 56 Salerno (Campania, Italy), cathedralâ 95, 96 Salet, Francis (1909â2000)â 125 Salian dynastyâ 66, 68, 71, 101 Salona (Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia)â 18, 43 Salonika (Central Macedonia, Greece), St Demetriosâ 5, 6, 18, 41, 44, 94, 95 Saltford (Somerset, England), manor houseâ 237 San Benedetto Polironi (Lombardy, Italy), Cluniac abbeyâ 89 San Claudio al Chienti (Marche, Italy), San Claudioâ 93, 167 San Fruttuoso di Capodimonte (Liguria, Italy), monastic churchâ 51, 56, 57, 93 San Gimignano (Tuscany, Italy), tower residencesâ 80, 236 San Juan de la Peña (Aragon, Spain), abbey churchâ 144 San Juan de las Abadesas (Catalonia, Spain), San Juanâ 122 San Leo (Emilia-Romagna, Italy), cathedral ofâ San Leoâ 93 Sancha, daughter ofâ Ramiro Iâ 144 Sancha, heir to the Leonese throneâ 139 Sancho el Mayor, king ofâ Navarre (992?â1035)â 138 Sancho Ramirez, king ofâ Aragon (1042?â 1094)â 144, 145
This index is published in Eric Fernie: Romanesque Architecture (Pelican History of Art) available from Yale University Press www.yalebooks.co.uk isbn 078-0300-20354-7
index â âąâïČïčï±
Sandomierz (ĆwiÄtokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland), Dominican churchâ 193 San Fruttuoso di Capodimonte (Liguria, Italy)â 51*, 55, 56, 57, 59, 101 Sannazaro Sesia (Piedmont, Italy), San Nazaroâ 83, 84, 246 San Pedro de la Nave (Castile and Leon, Spain), churchâ 60, 61 San Vittore delle Chiuse (Marche, Italy), churchâ 93 SangĂŒesa (Navarre, Spain), Santa MarĂa la Realâ 142 Santa Cristina de Lena (Asturias, Spain), churchâ 60 Santa Cruz de la SerĂłs (Aragon, Spain) church ofâ the Virginâ 144, 262(19)22 San Caprasioâ 145 Santa Giusta (Sardinia, Italy), cathedralâ 91 Santa Maria de Melque (CastileâLa Mancha, Spain), churchâ 61 Santa Maria de Lebeña (Cantabria, Spain), churchâ 61 SantâAntimo (Tuscany, Italy), abbey churchâ 91, 97 SantâAntioco (Sardinia, Italy)â 91, 92, 227 Santes Creus (Catalonia, Spain), monasteryâ 181 Sant Llorenç del Munt (Catalonia, Spain), churchâ 93 Sant MartĂ de Sescorts (Aragon, Spain), churchâ 145 Santiago de Compostela (Galicia, Spain)â 136 archbishopâs palaceâ 239 cathedralâ 60, 110, 135, 136, 137, 138, 150, 162, 165 narthexâ 188 sculpture ofâ woman with skullâ 257(12)5 San Pelayo, monasteryâ 136 pilgrimageâ 67, 121 Santiago de Peñalba (Castile and LeĂłn, Spain), churchâ 61 San Vittore delle Chiuse (Marche, Italy), monastic churchâ 93, 167 Saone (Syria), castleâ 134 SaĂŽne, riverâ 51 Sardiniaâ 91, 92 SĂĄrvĂĄrmonostor (Szabolcs-SzatmĂĄr-Bereg County, Hungary), churchâ 168 Sassanian architectureâ 55 Sassoferrato (Marche, Italy), Santa Croceâ 93 Saturninus, bishop ofâ Toulouse, saint (d. 259?)â 118, 119 SauerlĂ€nder, Willibaldâ 1, 8, 71, 127, 244 SavaniĂšres (Maine-et-Loire, France), churchâ 110 Saxl, Fritz (1890â1948)â 148 Saxo-Norman architectureâ see England Saxonsâ 37 Saxony, duchyâ 41, 68, 71â73, 76, 85, 172 Scandinaviaâ 13, 25, 67, 169â174, 247 Schaffhausen (Switzerland), monastic churchâ 53 Scheldt, riverâ 68, 75 Schöngrabern (Lower Austria, Austria), churchâ 196 Schönhausen (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany), churchâ 214 schools architecturalâ 100, 128 educationalâ 31, 35 see also monasteries Schwartzrheindorf â (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), chapelâ 74 Scotland, kingdomâ 63, 67, 135, 147, 155, 161â162, 172, 185 Scotland, abbot ofâ St Augustineâs, Canterbury (d. 1087)â 148 scriptoriumâ see monasteries Searle, J. R.â 243 secular buildingsâ 1, 2, 232, 233, 234â241 versus sacredâ 239 see also bridges, castles, houses, and palaces sedes apostolicaeâ 136 Segovia (Castile and Leon, Spain)
San MillĂĄnâ 141 Vera Cruzâ 170 Sedlec (Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic), Cistercian abbey church 164 seigneurial systemâ see feudal system Selby (Yorkshire, England), abbey churchâ 247 Seligenstadt (Hesse, Germany) palaceâ 196, 238 Saints Marcellinus and Peterâ 37 Selje (Sogn og Fjordane, Norway), St Albanâ 170 Selles-sur-Cher (Loir-et-Cher, France), churchâ 112 semioticsâ see research methods Senlis (Oise, France) Gallo-Roman enceinteâ 110 Saint-Vincentâ 151 Sens (Yonne, France)â 101 Saint-Pierre-le-Vifâ 48, 53, 101 tower residenceâ 47, 48 Selo (Goricko, Slovenia), rotundaâ 79 Sequeville-en-Bessin (Calvados, France), churchâ 214 Serbia, kingdomâ 201, 202 Serlo, abbot ofâ Gloucester (d. 1104) Seu de Urgel (Catalonia, Spain), San Miguelâ 122 shafts dark-colouredâ 42, 104 decoratedâ 1, 76 half-â 15, 24, 25, 42, 51, 52, 66, 68, 71, 80, 81, 112, 246 keeledâ 178, 180 nookâ 66 Sherborne (Dorset, England), palace ofâ Bishop Roger ofâ Sarumâ 232 Sicilyâ 25, 27, 80, 95, 97â99, 133, 148, 200 Siegen (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), St Nicholasâ 195â196 Siena (Tuscany, Italy), cathedralâ 196 Sigrid, missionaryâ 172, 174 Sigtuna (Stockholm County, Sweden) dioceseâ 172 St Nicholasâ 173 St Olafâ 173 St Peterâ 172, 173 Sigurd I, king ofâ Norway (1090?â1130)â 171 silhouetteâ 40, 211 Silos (Castile and LeĂłn, Spain), Santo Domingoâ 141 Silvacane (Bouches-du-RhĂŽne, France), monastic churchâ 187 silverâ see Carolingian dynastyâ monetary system Simeon, abbot ofâ Ely (d. 1093)â 150 Simon, apostle, saintâ 135 Siresa (Aragon, Spain), monastery ofâ San Pedroâ 144, 151 SkĂ„nela (Stockholm County, Sweden), churchâ 173 Skara (VĂ€stra Götland County, Sweden), dioceseâ 174 Skripou (Greece), Panaghia; 20, 260(16)10 Slavsâ 41, 63, 64 Slesvig (Schleswig-Holstein, Germany), St Michaelâ 169 Smith, Richardâ 243 SobÄslav I ofâ Bohemia (1125â40)â 163, 236 Soest (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), St Patroklusâ 73, 198 Soignies (Wallonia, Belgium), churchâ 75, 104 Soissons (Aisne, France), Saint-MĂ©dardâ 38 Solignac (Haute-Vienne, France), churchâ 121 Solomon, kingâ 33 Somport Passâ 142 Sompting (Sussex, England), churchâ 154 Song ofâ Rolandâ 13 SopoÄani (RaĆĄka District, Serbia), Holy Trinityâ 202 SopronhorpĂĄcs (GyĆr-Moson-Sopron County, Hungary), abbey churchâ 196 SorĂšde (PyrĂ©nĂ©es-Orientales, France), Saint-AndrĂ©, sculptureâ 254(5)35,
Souillac (Lot, France), Sainte-Marieâ 117 sourcesâ see research methods Southwell (Nottinghamshire, England), minsterâ 152 Souvigny (Allier, France), abbey churchâ 130 Speyer (Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany)â 66 cathedral, Speyer Iâ 25, 26, 48, 68*, 69, 70, 75, 80, 81, 84, 85, 101, 103, 108, 116, 147, 149, 150, 153, 207 Speyer IIâ 70, 71, 72, 73, 76, 77, 81, 82, 83, 84, 108, 127, 169, 176, 212 Afrakapelleâ 69 St Emmeramâ 20, 71, 212 Spiez (Switzerland), churchâ 52 Spigno (Piedmont, Italy), churchâ 50 Split (Croatia), palace ofâ Diocletianâ 34, 216 spoliaâ 32, 42, 90, 92, 224 Spoleto, duchyâ 92 Spoleto (Umbria, Italy) cathedralâ 94 SantâEufemiaâ 94 SpytihnÄv II, king ofâ Bohemia (d. 1061)â 148, 164 square root ofâ twoâ see planningâ geometry square schematismâ see Romanesque architecture squinchesâ see vaultsâ domes St Albans (Hertfordshire, England), St Albanâ 148, 149, 209 St Andrews (Fife, Scotland) cathedralâ 186 St Rulesâ 27, 162 St Asaphâs, dioceseâ 157 St Davidâs (Pembrokeshire, Wales), cathedral ofâ St Davidâ 157, 185 St Dogmaelâs abbey (Pembrokeshire, Wales)â 158 St Gall (Switzerland), plan ofâ a monasteryâ 35â36*, 37, 38, 40, 47, 151, 205, 210, 228, 229, 230, 231 St Lars (Gotland, Sweden), churchâ 202 St Macdaraâs Island (County Galway, Ireland), churchâ 159, 160, 199 Stachura, Norbertâ 35 Stalley, Rogerâ 160 Stanford (Norfolk, England), churchâ 263(22)24 StarĂœ Plzenec (PlzeĆ Region, Czech Republic), churchâ 63 Stavanger (Rogaland, Norway), cathedral ofâ St Swithunâ 170, 171 stave churchesâ see timber Stavelot (Wallonia, Belgium), monastic churchâ 75, 104, 150, 151 Stazio, Attilioâ 207 Stefan Nemanja, [ruler ofâ Serbia from 1166 to 1196]â 201 Steinbach (Hesse, Germany), Einhardâs churchâ 22, 37, 64 Stenkirke (Gotland, Sweden), churchâ 198 Stephen Harding, abbot ofâ CĂźteaux, saint (d. 1134)â 129 Stephen, king ofâ England (1092/96â1154)â 155 Stephen, king ofâ Hungary, saint (970?â 1038)â 167, 168 Stewart, Cecilâ 170 Ston (DubrovnikâNeretva County, Croatia), St Michaelâ 65 stoneâ see masonry Stow (Suffolk, England), churchâ 63, 152, 154 Stradella (Lombardy, Italy), San Marcelloâ 83, 84 Strasbourg (Bas-Rhin, France), cathedral ofâNotre-Dameâ46, 68 Stratford, Neilâ 124, 125 Straubing (Bavaria, Germany), St Peterâ 79 Strzelno (Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Poland) St Procopiusâ 193 St Trinity churchâ 193 Studenica (Serbia)â church ofâ the Mother ofâGodâ201
StyrnĂ€s (Ă ngermanland, Sweden), churchâ 173, 214 styleâ 1, 176, 177, 244â246 stylesâ 1, 8, 244 phases inâ 245 transitionalâ 183, 246 Suger, abbot ofâ St Denis (1081?â1151)â 179 Summers, Davidâ 245 SĂŒpplingenburg (Lower Saxony, Germany)â 72 SvojĆĄĂn (PlzeĆ Region, Czech Republic), churchâ 213 Swabia, duchyâ 51â53, 77, 78, 85, 129 Swarzenski, Hanns (1903â1985)â 8, 28 Sweden, kingdomâ 172â174 Swithun, saint (d. 862)â 154 Sylvester II, pope (946â1003)â 41, 58 symbolismâ see iconography Syria, provinceâ 18, 38, 40, 90 SzĂ©kesfehĂ©rvar (FejĂ©r County, Hungary), royal church ofâ St Maryâ 168, 193 SzekszĂĄrd (Tolna, Hungary), churchâ 167 Tahull (Catalonia, Spain), Santa Mariaâ 122 Taq Eiwan (Iran), buildingâ 55 Taranto (Puglia, Italy), cathedralâ 96 Tarascon (Bouches-du-RhĂŽne, France), Sainte-Martheâ 187 Tarquinia (Lazio, Italy), Santa Maria in Castelloâ 94â95 Tatev (Syunik, Armenia), churchâ 20 technologyâ see Carolingian dynasty Teinfrithâ see master masons teleologyâ 245 see also research methods Templarsâ 100, 131, 133, 134 Testamentum Dominiâ 221, 223 testudoâ 153 Tewkesbury (Gloucestershire, England), abbey churchâ 153, 158 Thaon (Calvados, France), Saint-Pierreâ 160 Theodora, empress, (497?â548)â 33 Theodoric, king ofâ the Ostrogoths (454â526)â 33 Theodulf, bishop ofâ OrlĂ©ans (750/760?â821)â 31 Theophanou, empress (950/960?â991)â 41, 42, 44 Theophanou, abbess ofâ Essen, Holy Trinity (c. 1039)â 74 Thiery, abbot ofâ Saint-Remiâ (active c. 1049)103 Thietmar ofâ Merseburg (975â1018)â 42 Thionville (Lorraine, France)â 34, 218 Thomas ofâ Bayeux, archbishop ofâ York (d. 1100)â 151 Thomas, apostle, saintâ 135 thronesâ 33, 98 Thuringiaâ 77 Tiberias (Israel), excavated churchâ 132 Tickencote (Rutland, England), churchâ 184 Tilleda (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany), palaceâ 212, 239 Timber architectureâ 35, 61, 171 northern traditionâ 25 stave churchesâ 169â173 wood-roofs and ceilingsâ see churches, and halls see also castles TingstĂ€de (Gotland, Sweden), churchâ 195 Tironensian orderâ 158, 161 Tismice (Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic)â 165 tithesâ see Carolingian dynasty, economics Tivoli (Lazio, Italy), Hadrianâs Villaâ 14, 15, 20 Toledo (Castile-La Mancha, Spain)â 135, 141 Tomar (Portugal), Templar castleâ 146 tombsâ see funerary practices Toques (Galicia, Spain), churchâ 140 Toulouse, countyâ 117, 118, 119 Toulouse (Haute-Garonne, France) cathedral, Saint-Ătienneâ 120, 186 La Dauradeâ 120 Saint-Serninâ 119, 125, 126, 136, 137, 142, 209 Touraine, countyâ 110â112
This index is published in Eric Fernie: Romanesque Architecture (Pelican History of Art) available from Yale University Press www.yalebooks.co.uk isbn 078-0300-20354-7
ïČïčïČâ âąâ romanesque architecture Tournai (Wallonia, Belgium)â 76 cathedral ofâ Our Ladyâ 104, 211 Saint-Briceâ 64 Tournus (SaĂŽne-et-Loire, France)â abbey church of Saint-Philibertâ 54â55*, 59, 75, 108, 113, 126, 153 housesâ 236 Tours (Indre-et-Loire, France)â 101, 114 Saint-Martinâ 40, 97, 110, 111, 119, 136, 137, 182 towersâ see castles, and churches towns and citiesâ 1, 11, 27*, 44, 48, 49, 50, 57, 61, 66*, 67, 80, 84, 87, 111, 148, 182, 222, 234, 235, 237, 253(3)18 growthâ 27 tracing floorsâ see planning Trachtenberg, Marvinâ 8, 9, 183, 244 tracing floorâ see planning tradition, traditionalâ see research methods Traeger, Jörgâ 223â224 TrĂ€kumla (Gotland, Sweden), churchâ 195 Trani (Apulia, Italy), cathedralâ 96 transeptsâ see churches Transylvania (Romania)â 167 Traquair hunting lodge see Innerleithenâ 237 Travanca (Norte Region, Portugal), SĂŁo Salvadorâ 145 Treaty ofâ Verdun, 843â 10, 13 TĆebĂÄ (VysoÄina Region, Czech Republic), St Procopiusâ 196 trebuchetâ 239 Trelleborg (SkĂ„ne County, Denmark), hallâ 239 Tremiti (Apulia, Italy), abbey ofâ Santa Mariaâ 200 Tremolat (Dordogne, France), churchâ 117, 214 tricliniumâ 32 Trier (Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany)â 66, 75, 76 bathsâ 17 cathedralâ 75, 76, 83, 108 Porta Nigraâ 76 Roman hall, 16, 25, 32, 68 St Maximinâ 42 Trim (County Meath, Ireland), castleâ 240 Tripoli, countyâ 133 Tripoli (Lebanon), churchâ 133 triumphal archesâ see Roman Empire,âarchitecture Trizay (Charente-Maritime, France), abbey churchâ 116 Trogir (Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia), St Barbaraâ 65 Troia (Apulia, Italy), cathedralâ 96 Trondheim (SĂžr-TrĂžndelag, Norway), cathedralâ 170, 195 Trpimir I, duke ofâ Croatia (815?â864)â 64 Tudela (Navarre, Spain), cathedralâ 176, 177 Tum (ĆĂłdĆș, Poland), collegiate churchâ 166 Tunis (Tunisia)â 87 Turkeyâ 91, 96 Turlough OâConor, king ofâ Connacht (1088â1156)â 155 Tuscania (Lazio, Italy) cathedralâ 94 Santa Maria Maggioreâ 94 Tuscany, marchâ 83, 86, 8â92 Tveje MerlĂžse (Zealand, Denmark), churchâ 169 Tyre (Lebanon), cathedralâ 132, 215 Uchizy (SaĂŽne-et-Loire, France), Saint-Pierreâ 126 Ădlice (ĂstĂ nad Labem Region, Czech Republic), church ofâ the Raising ofâ the Holy Crossâ 201 Ulm (Baden-WĂŒrttemberg, Germany), cathedralâ 127 Umm-es-Surab (Syria), monasteryâ 228 Unterhaun (Hesse, Germany), chapelâ 255(6)17 Uppsala (Uppsala County, Sweden)â 172 pagan templeâ 173 Urban II, pope (1042?â1099)â 80, 83, 119, 121, 123, 124, 129, 131
Urban, bishop ofâ Llandaff â (1076?â1134)â 158 Urnes (Sogn og Fjordane, Norway), stave churchâ 171, 172 Uta (Sardinia, Italy), Santa Mariaâ 91 Utrecht (Utrecht, Netherlands) Mariakerkâ 76, 84 St Peterâsâ 76, 151 Utrecht Psalterâ 35 Uzerche (CorrĂšze, France), churchâ 121 VĂ€ (SkĂ„ne, Sweden), St Maryâ 169, 172 VĂĄc (Pest County, Hungary)â 167 cathedralâ 168 Vaison (Vaucluse, France), churchâ 52, 130 ValdediĂłs (Asturias, Spain), San Salvadorâ 60, 135, 146 Valenzano (Puglia, Italy), Ognissantiâ 96 Valle di Rostino (Haute-Corse, France), Santa Mariaâ 92 Vasari, Giorgio (1511â1574)â 5 vaultsâ 7, 114, 226, 249 barrel vaultsâ 55, 119, 126 domesâ 19, 22, 98 on pendentivesâ 22, 51, 113, 116, 120, 121, 132 pendentive domesâ 113, 118 on squinchesâ 46, 47, 52, 65, 85, 93, 97, 126, 142 symbolismâ 215 groin vaultsâ 24, 66, 69, 81, 84, 128 rib vaultsâ 24, 69, 70, 108, 151, 178, 180, 181, 222 sexpartiteâ 85 square profile ribsâ 69, 70, 76, 80, 82, 83, 97, 108, 111, 115, 130, 173 Velay, countyâ 122 Velehrad (ZlĂn Region, Czech Republic), Cistercian abbey churchâ 193 Velezzo (Lombardy, Italy), baptisteryâ 51, 56, 63 Venantius Fortunatus, bishop ofâ Poitiers (530?â600/609)â 40 VendĂŽme, countyâ 112 VendĂŽme (Loir-et-Cher, France), La TrinitĂ©â 183, 229 Venge (Denmark), monastic churchâ 169, 170 Venice (Veneto, Italy); 51, 58, 66, 87, 92, 235 St Markâsâ 87, 116, 148, 217, 218 Venosa (Basilicata, Italy), cathedralâ 97, 262(19)22 Vercelli (Piedmont, Italy), SantâAndreaâ 190 Verdun (Meuse, France), cathedralâ 45, 75 Vergil, bishop ofâ Salzburg (700?â784)â see Fergil Vergnolle, Ălianeâ 6, 8, 100, 123, 211 Verhulst, Adriaanâ 11 Vernes (SĂžr-TrĂžndelag County, Norway), churchâ 172 Verona (Veneto, Italy)â 72, 86 San Lorenzoâ 87 San Zenoâ 87, 88 Verona, marchâ 86 verticalityâ 24, 25, 46, 150, 156, 181 Verulamiumâ 148 vesica piscisâ see planningâ geometry VeszprĂ©m (VeszprĂ©m, Hungary) cathedralâ 167 Doppelkapelleâ 212 rotundaâ 167 VeszprĂ©mvölgy, churchâ 168 VĂ©zelay (Yonne, France)â abbey ofâSainte-Madeleineâ128 Via Egidianaâ 123 Via Francigenaâ 91 Vianden (Luxembourg), palaceâ 238 Vibaldone (Lombardy, Italy), abbey churchâ 190 Viborg (Jutland, Denmark), cathedralâ 169 Vic (Catalonia, Spain), cathedralâ 122, 145 Vicenza (Veneto, Italy), SS Felice e Fortunatoâ 38 Vienna (Austria), cathedral ofâ St Stephenâ 191 Vienne (IsĂšre, France), Saint-Mauriceâ 78 Saint-Pierreâ 106
Vignory (Haute-Marne), Saint Ătienneâ 103, 104, 121 Vikingsâ 11, 40, 54, 61, 63, 104, 198, 199 Villani, Giovanni (1276?â1348)â 90 Villard de Honnecourt (active c. 1235), 204, 205 Villejoubert (Charente, France), hallâ 239 Vinec (Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic), St Nicholasâ 193, 194, 213 Virring (Jutland, Denmark), timber churchâ 169 Visby (Gotland, Sweden)â 174 great towerâ 174 St Nicholasâ 198 VisegrĂĄd (Pest County, Hungary), churchâ 167 Visigothsâ 36, 60, 118, 122, 135 Vistula, riverâ 64, 165 Vita Bennonis Osnabrugensisâ 255(7)6 Vita Lanfranciâ 261(17)24 Vita Mathildisâ 88 Vita metrica Sancti Anselmiâ 91 Vitruvius (80/70BC?â15BC?)â 16, 153, 205, 206, 219, 240 Vladimir (Vladimir Oblast, Russia)â church ofâ the Assumptionâ 202 St Demetriusâ 202 Vladislav II, king ofâ Bohemia (d. 1172)â 164, 165 von Winterfeld, Dethardâ 127 Vreta (Ăstergötland, Sweden), churchâ 173 Vratislav II, king ofâ Bohemia (d. 1092) VyĆĄehradâ see Prague Walafrid Strabo (808?â849)â 215 Walesâ 63, 67, 147, 155, 157â159, 185 Walkelin, bishop ofâ Winchester (d. 1098)â 149, 150 wall passagesâ see churches, and castles Walter ofâ the Mill, archbishop ofâ Palermo (d. 1191)â 99 Waltham (Essex, England), abbey churchâ 62, 246 Wareham (Dorset, England), churchâ 154 Wartburg, Eisenach (Thuringia, Germany), castleâ 232 Waverley (Surrey, England) abbeyâ 155 Wells (Somerset, England), cathedralâ 179, 186 Wenceslas I, duke ofâ Bohemia (907?â935)â 63, 164 Werckmeister, Otto Karlâ 128 Werden (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany) St Luciusâ 74 St Liudgerâ 196 St Salvatorâ 39, 44, 46, 61, 220 Werla (Lower Saxony, Germany), chapelâ 212, 239 Wernher, bishop ofâ Strasbourg (978/980â1028)â 46 Wernher, architect to Vladislav IIâ see master masons westblocksâ see churches westworksâ see churches Wickham, Chrisâ 252(2)3 Whitehill, Walter M. (1905â1978)â 142, 144 Widdington (Essex, England), Anglo-Saxon buildingâ 263(21)6 Wieselburg (Lower Austria, Austria), St Ulrichâ 46, 47, 212 Wigbert, abbot ofâ Hersfeld, saint (d. 746)â 220 Wiligelmus, sculptorâ 86 William Durandus, bishop ofâ Mende (1230?â1296)â 215 William I, duke ofâ Aquitaine (875â918)â 47 William I, king ofâ the Two Sicilies (d. 1166)â 98 William II, king ofâ the Two Sicilies (1166â 1189)â 98, 99 William II, king ofâ England (1056â1100)â 151 William ofâ Corbeil, archbishop ofâ Canterbury (1070?â1136)â 156 William, abbot ofâ Hirsau (1030?â1091)â 77 William de Londresâ 158 William Fitz Osbern, earl ofâ Hereford (1020?â1071)â 157 William ofâ Malmesbury (1095/1096â 1143?)â 147, 255(7)1
William, abbot ofâ Saint-BenoĂźt-sur-Loire (1067â1080)â 102 William ofâ Sensâ see master masons William ofâ Tyreâ 133 William ofâ Volpiano (962?â1031)â 53, 55, 66 William the Conqueror, king ofâ England (1028?â1087)â 107, 148, 150, 155, 156, 247 Willigis, archbishop ofâ Mainz (940?â1011)â 71 Wimmis (Canton ofâ Bern, Switzerland), church ofâ St Martinâ 52 Wimpfen-im-Tal (Baden-WĂŒrttemberg, Germany), palace chapelâ 218 Winchester (Hampshire, England)â 61 cathedral Anglo-Saxonâ 61 Normanâ 149, 151, 153, 156, 209, 246 street gridâ 235 residence ofâ Bishop Henry ofâ Bloisâ 240 Wino, abbotâ 44 WiĆlica (Busko County, Poland), churchâ 64, 213, 238 Wittering (Cambridgeshire, England), All Saintsâ 154, 263(22)24 Wölfflin, Heinrich (1864â1945)â 244, 247 wooden buildingsâ see timber architecture Woodstock (Oxfordshire, England), Everswell royal manor houseâ 232, 238 Worcester (Worcestershire, England), cathedralâ 152, 153, 158 Worms (Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany), cathedralâ 71, 191 Wright, Frank Lloyd (1867â1959)â 248 WrocĆaw (Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland) cathedralâ 194 Mary Magdaleneâ 193 Wulfstan, bishop ofâ Worcester (d. 1095)â 152 WĂŒrzburg (Bavaria, Germany) double-storeyed chapelâ 46 Our Lady ofâ the Fortressâ 246 St Burkhardâ 79 Xanten (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany) churchâ 70 residence ofâ Archbishop Brunâ 241 York (Yorkshire, England) cathedralâ 150, 151, 185, 186 exterior paintingâ 208, 209 tracing floorâ 206 St Maryâ 229 ZĂĄboĆĂ nad Labem (Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic), palace chapelâ 164, 212 Zadar (Zadar County, Croatia) cathedralâ 64 St Chrysogonusâ 194 St Donatusâ 64, 212, 213, 218 St Lawrenceâ 65, 168 St Maryâ 168 Zawichost (ĆwiÄtokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland), rotundaâ 255(6)23 ZdĂk, see JindĆichâ Zeitz (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany), cathedralâ 213 Zeno, emperor (d. 491)â 74 Znojmo (South Moravian Region, Czech Republic), castle chapel, apsed rotundaâ 163
This index is published in Eric Fernie: Romanesque Architecture (Pelican History of Art) available from Yale University Press www.yalebooks.co.uk isbn 078-0300-20354-7
Devenish Ballintober IRELAND
Modern locations of places mentioned in the text: map A, inner areas.
1
St Macdara's Island
KINGDOM
Clonmacnoise Rahan
Clonfert
Durham
UNITED
Boyle
Richmond
Mellifont
Kilfenora Dublin Roscrea Killaloe Dublin Kincora Aberffraw Baltinglass Gallarus Oratory Cashel
Fountains York Kirkstall
Penmon Llandrillo-yn-Rhos Bangor Chester
Roche Barton-upon-Humber
Blyth Stow Goltho Newstead Lincoln Southwell Repton Melbourne Tickencote Castle Rising Stanton Lacy Wittering Barnack King's Lynn St Dogmaelâs Norwich Brixworth Peterborough Worcester St Davidâs Northampton Ely Castle Acre Hereford Earls Deerhurst Tewkesbury Barton Great Paxton Bury Gloucester Llangennydd Margam Hadstock Hedingham Chepstow Malmesbury Iffley Colchester St Albans Ewenny Llandaff Waltham Bradford-on-Avon Westminster London Glastonbury Netheravon Rochester Old Sarum Winchester Waverley Canterbury Sherborne Milborne Romsey Exeter Port Dover Portchester Wimborne Bruges New/Old Shoreham Minster Christchurch Ghent Sompting BELGIUM Boulogne St Omer Tournai Therouanne Ath Lillers O Douai SoigniesNiv Centula Arras C Amiens FĂ©camp Cambrai H Mortemer
2
JumiĂšges St-Martinde-Boscherville Noyon Beauvais Laon Petit Quevilly Rouen CĂ©risy Saint-GermerCaen Audrieu CompiĂšgne Lessay de-Fly Grimbosq Bernay Verneuil Senlis Morienval Falaise Ivry-la-Bataille St Denis Mont-St-Michel Evreux Reims Reims Paris Bayeux
C
Lanmeur
M
This map is published in Eric Fernie: Romanesque Architecture (Pelican History of Art) 3 available from Yale University Press www.yalebooks.co.uk isbn 078-0300-20354-7
Perros-Guirec
Landévennec Quimper
Y
CM
Lanleff
Chartres
FRANCE
Quimperlé
MY
Le Mans
Ătampes
K
4
AngoulĂȘme Montagrier Bordeaux La Sauve-Majeure
St-Jean-de-CĂŽle BrantĂŽme Uzerche PĂ©rigord Beaulieu Carennac
Souilhac St-Avit
Oviedo
San Miguel de Linio ValdediĂłs
Agen
SahagĂșn
5
San Pedro de La Nave
FrĂłmista
Palencia
Toro
A
Burgos
Quintanilla de las Viñas
Zamora
Salamanca Ăvila Ciudad Rodrigo
Arthous Ostabat
LeĂłn Escalada
St-Sever-sur-lâAdour
Santa Maria de Lebeña
Santa Cristina de Lena
Peñalba
Mo
Vig Orléans Germigny des Prés Azay-leLavardin VendÎme Beaugency Rideau Langeais Pontigny Chati Blois St-BenoßtAngers Montbazon Cormery Auxerre sur-Loire Cunault St Aignan Tours Fontena Selles Saint-Philbert-de-Grandlieu Fontevraud Avallon Loches Meusnes Thouars Chinon Cravant Vézelay St-Généroux Beaulieu-les-Loches Loudun St-Joiun-de-Marne Bourges Saulie St-Genou La CharitéAirvault Chatillon-sur-Indre Plaimpied sur-Loire Beau Poitiers Parthenay Méobecq Nevers Autun Chauvigny St-Savin-sur-Gartempe PerrecyCha Gensac-la-Pallue Melle Montmorillon Neuvy-St-Sepulchre les-Forges Chapaize Aulnay Civray Charroux Le Dorat Paray Saintes Anzy-le-Duc Cl Limoges Charlieu St-Léonard-de-Noblat
CMY
Naranco
Sens
St-Gildas-de-Rhuys
CY
Segovia
Auch
Clermont-Ferrand Orcival St-Nectaire Issoire Brioude
Solignac Le Puy
Marcilhac Conques Cahors Villeneuve dâAveyron Moissac
Toulouse
Vaison Cavaillon Avignon
V
St-P M Le T
St-GuilhemNĂźmes Arles le-DĂ©sert A Aniane St-GillesRoncesvalles St-Gaudens Carcassonne Quarante Maguelonne du-Gard M SangĂŒesa Comminges Puente Alet Somport Pass La Reina Leyre Siresa Jaca Narbonne Silos Saint-Michel San Juan de la Peña Estagel Burgal -de-Cuxa Santa Cruz IguĂĄcel de la Seros Canigou Perpignan Seo de Urgel Saint-EstĂšve Loarre Tudela Saint-Martin du Canigou Cuxa LâEcluse-Haute Huesca Roda de Ripoll San Juan Sant Pere de Roda de las Abadesas IsĂĄbena Amer BesalĂș Cardona Vic Sant Girona Ovarra Manresa MartĂ Lleida Sescorts Montserrat BarberĂĄ
B
Oloron
MorlaĂ s
C
Kalundborg
Jelling
Odense
Ribe
Tveje MerlĂžse
Ringsted Roskilde
Hammarlunda Lund Borrie Dalby
Nylars
0
Slesvig
Feddersen-Wierde
Groningen
KaĆdus
Hamburg
Gniezno
Bremen
NETHERLANDS
Strzelno Mogilno Gniezno
OstrĂłw Lednicki Ćekno PoznaĆ
Jerichow Brunswick
100
200 km
This map is published in Eric Fernie: Romanesque Architecture (Pelican History of Art) available from Yale University Press 100 m www.yalebooks.co.uk isbn 078-0300-20354-7
ÇŸsterlars
POLAND
Czerwinsk
Giecz Tum Königslutter Minden Hamersleben Utrecht LubĂn Magdeburg Goslar Vreden MĂŒnster InowĆodz Gandersheim Halberstadt Quedlinburg Corvey Nijmegen Gernrode Emmerich Paderborn Querfurt OpatĂłw Herdecke Soest Memleben Merseburg Essen WÄ chock Neuss WrocĆaw Muizen Meschede Werden Sandomierz GERMANY GiebĆo M Louvain Siegen Rohr Maastricht Cologne Deutz Hersfeld Saint-Trond Kerkrade Höfe Heisterbach Marburg Prandocin Orp-le-grand Paulinzella Schwarzrheindorf ivelles Doksany Vinec KoĆcielec Proszowicki Roermond Aachen RĂp Fulda Namur LiĂšge Inden Krakow BudeÄ Kjye Limburg-an-der-Lahn Maria Laach Celles Tismice ZĂĄborĂ nad Labem Ilbenstadt Ocquier Stavelot Prague HastiĂšre Eberbach Frankfurt Jakub Olomouc Plasy Bamberg Seligenstadt Johannisberg Mainz CZECH REPUBLIC Steinbach L U X E M B O U R G Ingelheim WĂŒrzburg Lorsch HulĂn MÄĆĂn Trier Steinbach Echternach MĂŒnchsteinach Worms StarĂœ Plzenec Perschen TĆebĂÄ Sedlec Oberfeldbrecht Thionville Velehrad Limburg-an-der-Haardt Böckweiler MoravskĂ© Budejovice Heilsbronn S L O VA K I A Wimpfen Speyer Znojmo ss MikulÄice Plankstetten Regensburg Verdun Boldva Greding Biburg Metz Straubing Nitrianska Blatnice Kleincomburg Pförring Bad Gögging BĂ©lapĂĄtfalva Schöngrabern Gorze Garamszentbenedek SĂĄrvĂĄrmonostor Neustadt Ainau ontier en Der Eger Heidenheim Strasbourg Wieselburg IlmmĂŒnster Hirsau Petronell Nancy gnory Vienna Augsburg Clairvaux Dömös VisegrĂĄd Lechfeld Petronell Esztergom Pilisszentkereszt Alpirsbach illon-sur-Seine Sopron Kleinmariazell Murbach VĂĄc H U N G A R Y Ottmarsheim Langres GyĆr Altenstadt Salzburg Scheiblingkirchen ZsĂĄmbĂ©k Schaffhausen ay Pannonhalma SopronhorpĂĄcs Reichenau AUST R I A VeszprĂ©m Flavigny SzĂ©kesfehĂ©rvĂĄr Konstanz JĂĄk Besançon eu Dijon CsempeszkopĂĄcs FelsĆörs Einsiedeln une CĂźteax Muri Kalocsa Selo Saint-Aubin Payerne S W I T Z E R L A N D apaize SzekszĂĄrd Brixen Amsoldingen Lausanne TournusRomainmĂŽtier Spiez Wimmis PĂ©cs Uchizy Baume-les-Messieursa luny SLOV EN I A Saint-Maurice dâAgaune Deventer
Hildesheim
Como Galliano Aquileia Agliate Dulzago Venice Biella PoreÄ Vercelli Milan Calvenzano Verona Sannazaro Rivolta d'Adda Aime Sesia Novara Vibaldone Ivrea Velezzo Mantua Cremona Pavia Cavagnolo Po San Benedetto Pomposa Vallence Sagra di Lomello Stradella Piacenza Polirone Ferrara San Michele Parma Spigno Canossa Modena Paul-Trois-ChĂąteau Bologna Ravenna Genoa San Fruttuoso MalaucĂšne Sisteron Noli Bagnacavallo Thor Pistoia Digne Portovenere Senanque Lucca Tarascon Florence Silvacane Ancona Arezzo Pisa Aix Moje Empoli FrĂ©jus Portonovo Sassoferrato Montmajour San Claudio al Chienti Marseille Le Thoronet San Gimignano San Vittore Assisi delle Chiuse Massa Maritima Ascoli Piceno SantâAntimo Spoleto Lyon Vienne
Murato Valle di Rostino
D
C ROAT I A
Aosta
E
Nebbio Lucciana
Rab
SERBIA Nin Zadar OmiĆĄ Ston
Studenica Salona Split
Trogir
Narni I TA LY Farfa Tivoli Rome Ferentinum Casamari
Civita Castellana
F
Tremiti
M AC E D ON I A
G
H
Ohrid
Index to map A Aachen Aberffraw Agen Agliate Aime Ainau Airvault Aix Alpirsbach Altenstadt Amer Amiens Amsoldingen Ancona Angers AngoulĂȘme Aniane Anzy-le-Duc Aosta Aquileia Arezzo Arras Arthous Ascoli Piceno Assisi Ath Auch Audrieu Augsburg Aulnay Autun Auxerre Avallon Avignon Ăvila Azay-le-Rideau
2d 1b 4c 4e 4d 3f 4c 5d 3e 3e 5c 3c 4e 5f 3c 4c 5c 4d 4d 4f 5f 2c 5b 5f 5f 2d 5c 3c 3e 4c 4d 3d 3d 5d 5a 3c
Bad Gögging Bagnacavallo Ballintober Baltinglass Bamberg Bangor BarberĂ Barnack Barton-upon-Humber Bayeux Beaugency Beaulieu Beaulieu-les-Loches Beaune Beauvais BĂ©lapĂĄtfalva Bernay BesalĂș Besançon Biburg Biella Blois Blyth Böckweiler Boldva Bologna Bordeaux Borrie Boulogne Bourges Boyle Bradford-on-Avon BrantĂŽme
3f 5f 1a 1a 3e 1b 5c 1c 1c 3c 3c 4c 4c 4d 3c 3h 3c 5c 4d 3f 4e 3c 1c 3e 3h 4f 4b 1e 2c 4c 1a 2b 4c
Bremen Brioude Brixen Brixworth Bruges Brunswick BudeÄ Burgal Burgos Bury
1e 4c 4f 2c 2d 2e 2f 5c 5a 2c
Caen Calvenzano Cambrai Canigou Canossa Canterbury Carcassone Cardona Carennac Casamari Cashel Castle Acre Castle Rising Cavagnolo Cavaillon Celles Centula Chapaize Charlieu Charroux Chartres Chatillon-sur-Indre Chatillon-sur-Seine Chauvigny Chester Chinon Christchurch Chur CĂźteaux Ciudad Rodrigo Civita Castellana Civray Clermont-Ferrand Clonfert Clonmacnoise Cluny Colchester Cologne Comminges Como CompiĂšgne Conques Cormery Corvey Cravant Cremona CsempeszkopĂĄcs Cunault Cuxa Czerwinsk
3c 4e 2d 5c 4e 2c 5c 5c 4c 5f 1a 2c 1c 4e 5d 3d 2c 4d 4d 4c 3c 4c 3d 4c 1b 3c 2b 4e 4d 5a 5f 4c 4c 1a 1a 4d 2c 2e 5c 4e 3c 4c 3c 2e 3c 4e 4g 3c 5c 2h
Dalby Deerhurst Deutz Devenish Deventer Digne Dijon Disentis
1e 2b 2e 1a 2d 5d 4d 4e
Doksany Dömös Douai Dover Dublin Dubrovnik Dulzago Durham
2f 3g 2d 2c 1b 5h 4e 1c
Earls Barton Eberbach Echternach Eger Einsiedeln Ely Emmerich Empoli Escalada Essen Estagel Esztergom Ătampes Evreux Ewenny Exeter
2c 3e 3d 3h 4e 2c 2d 5f 5a 2d 5c 3g 3c 3c 2b 2b
Falaise Farfa FĂ©camp Feddersen-Wierde FelsĆörs Ferentinum Ferrara Flavigny Florence Fontenay Fontevraud Fountains Frankfurt FrĂ©jus FrĂłmista Fulda
3c 5f 3c 1e 4g 5f 4f 3d 5f 3d 3c 1c 3e 5d 5a 2e
Gallarus Oratory Galliano Gandersheim Garamszentbenedek Gensac-la-Pallue Genoa Germigny-des-PrĂ©s Gernrode Ghent GiebĆo Giecz Girona Glastonbury Gloucester Gniezno Goltho Gorze Goslar Grandlieu Great Paxton Greding Grimbosq Groningen GyĆr GyulafehĂ©rvĂĄr
1a 4e 2e 3g 4c 5e 3c 2e 2d 2h 2g 5c 2b 2b 2g 1c 3d 2e 3b 2c 3f 3c 1d 3g 4h
Hadstock Halberstadt Hamburg Hamersleben HastiĂšre Hedingham Heidenheim Heilsbronn Heisterbach Herdecke Hereford Hersfeld Hildesheim Hirsau Höfe Huesca HulĂn
2c 2e 1e 2e 3d 2c 3e 3e 2e 2e 2b 2e 2e 3e 2e 5b 3g
Iffley IguĂĄcel Ilbenstadt IlmmĂŒnster Inden Ingelheim InowĆĂłdz Issoire Ivrea Ivry-la-Bataille
2c 5b 2e 3f 2d 3e 2h 4c 4e 3c
Jaca JĂĄk Jakub Jelling Jerichow Johannisberg JumiĂšges
5b 3g 3g 1e 2f 3e 3c
KaĆdus Kalocsa Kalundborg Kerkrade Kilfenora Killaloe Kincora Kingâs Lynn Kirkstall Kjye Kleincomburg Kleinmariazell Königslutter Konstanz KoĆcielec Proszowicki Krakow
1f 4h 1e 2d 1a 1a 1a 1c 1c 2f 3e 3g 2e 3e 2h 2h
LâEcluse-Haute La CharitĂ©-sur-Loire La Sauve-Majeure LandĂ©vennec Langeais Langres Lanleff Lanmeur Laon Lausanne Lavardin Le Dorat Le Mans Le Puy Le Thor Le Thoronet
5c 4c 4b 3b 3c 3d 3b 3b 3d 4d 3c 4c 3c 4d 5d 5d
This map index is published in Eric Fernie: Romanesque Architecture (Pelican History of Art) available from Yale University Press www.yalebooks.co.uk isbn 078-0300-20354-7
Lechfeld Ćekno LeĂłn Les Baux Lessay Leyre LiĂšge Lillers Limburg-an-der-Haardt Limburg-an-der-Lahn Limoges Lincoln Llandaff Llandrillo-yn-Rhos Llangennydd Lleida Loarre Loches Lomello London Lorsch Loudun Louvain Lubin Lucca Lucciana Lund Lyon
3e 2g 5a 5d 3b 5b 2d 2d 3e 2e 4c 1c 2b 1b 2b 5c 5b 3c 4e 2c 3e 3c 2d 2g 5e 5e 1e 4d
Maastricht Magdeburg Maguelonne Mainz MalaucĂšne Malmesbury Manresa Mantua Marburg Marcilhac Margam Maria Laach Marseille Massa Maritima Melbourne Melle Mellifont Memleben MĂ©obecq MÄĆĂn Merseburg Meschede Metz Meusnes MikulÄice Milan Milborne Port Minden Modena Mogilno Moissac Moje Montagrier Montbazon Montier-en-Der Montmajour Montmorillon Montserrat Mont-St-Michel MoravskĂ© BudÄjovice
2d 2f 5d 3e 5d 2b 5c 4e 2e 4c 2b 2e 5d 5e 1c 4c 1b 2f 4c 3g 2f 2e 3d 3c 3g 4e 2b 2e 4e 2g 5c 5f 4c 3c 3d 5d 4c 5c 3b 3g
index to map aâ âąâïČïčï· Morienval MorlaĂ s Mortemer Muizen MĂŒnchsteinbach MĂŒnster Murato Muri Murbach
3c 5c 3c 2d 3e 2e 5e 4e 3d
Namur Nancy Naranco Narbonne Narni Nebbio Netheravon Neuss Neustadt Neuvy-St-Sepulchre Nevers New Shoreham Newstead Nijmegen NĂźmes Nin Nitrianska Blatnice Nivelles Noli Northampton Norwich Novara Noyon Nylars
2d 3d 4a 5c 5f 5e 2b 2d 3f 4c 4c 2c 1c 2d 5d 5g 3g 2d 5e 2c 2c 4e 3d 1e
Oberfeldbrecht Ocquier Odense Ohrid Old Sarum Old Shoreham Olomouc Oloron OmiĆĄ OpatĂłw Orcival OrlĂ©ans Orp-le-Grand Ostabat Ăsterlars OstrĂłw Lednicki Ottmarsheim Ovarra Oviedo
3e 2d 1e 5h 2b 2c 3g 5b 5g 2h 4c 3c 2d 5b 1e 2g 3e 5c 4a
Paderborn Palencia Pannonhalma Paray Paris Parma Parthenay Paulinzella Pavia Payerne Pécs Peñalba Penmon Périgord Perpignan Perrecy-les-Forges Perros-Guirec Perschen Peterborough
2e 5a 3g 4d 3c 4e 4c 2f 4e 4d 4g 5a 1b 4c 5c 4d 3b 3f 2c
Petit Quevilly Petronell Pförring Piacenza Pilisszentkereszt Pisa Pistoia Plaimpied Planksetten Poitiers Pomposa Pontigny PoreÄ Portchester Portonovo Portovenere PoznaĆ Prague Prandocin Puente La Reina
3c 3g 3f 4e 3g 5e 5e 4c 3f 4c 4f 3d 4f 2c 5f 5e 2g 3f 2h 5b
Quarante Quedlinburg Querfurt Quimper Quimperlé Quintanilla de las Viñas
5c 2e 2f 3b 3b 5a
Rab Rahan Ravenna Reichenau Reims Repton Ribe Richmond Ringsted ĆĂp Ripoll Rivolta dâAdda Roche Rochester Roda de IsĂĄbena Roermond Rohr RomainmĂŽtier Rome Romsey Roncesvalles Roscrea Roskilde Rouen
4g 1a 5f 3e 3d 1c 1e 1c 1e 2f 5c 4e 1c 2c 5c 2d 2e 4d 5f 2c 5b 1a 1e 3c
Sagra di San Michele 4d SahagĂșn 5a Saint-BenoĂźt-sur-Loire 3c Saintes 4b Saint-Aignan 3c Saint-Aubin 4d Saint-Avit 4c Saint-Denis 3c Saint-EstĂšve 5c Saint-Gaudens 5c Saint-GĂ©nĂ©roux 3c Saint-Genou 4c Saint-Germer-de-Fly 3c Saint-Gildas-de-Rhuys 3b Saint-Gilles-du-Gard 5d Saint-Guilhem-le-DĂ©sert 5c Saint-Jean-de-CĂŽle 4c Saint-Jouin-de-Marnes 4c Saint-LĂ©onard-de-Noblat 4c
Saint-Martin-de-Boscherville Saint-Martin-du-Canigou Saint-Maurice-dâAgaune Saint-Michel-de-Cuxa Saint-Nectaire Saint-Omer Saint-Paul-Trois-ChĂąteaux Saint-Philbert-de-Grandlieu Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe Saint-Sever-sur-lâAdour Saint-Trond Salamanca Salona Salzburg San Benedetto Polirone San Claudio al Chienti San Fruttuoso San Gimignano San Juan de la Peña San Juan de las Abadesas San Miguel de Linio San Pedro de la Nave San Vittore delle Chiuse Sandomierz SangĂŒesa Sannazaro Sant MartĂ Sescorts Sant Pere de Roda SantâAntimo Santa Christina de Lena Santa Cruz de la Seros Santa MarĂa de Lebeña SĂĄrvĂĄrmonostor Sassoferrato Saulieu Schaffhausen Scheiblingkirchen Schöngrabern Schwarzrheindorf Sedlec Seligenstadt Selles Selo Senanque Senlis Sens Seo de Urgel Sesia Sesia Sherborne Siegen Silos Silvacane Siresa Sisteron Slesvig Soest Soignies Solignac Somport Pass Sompting Sopron SopronhorpĂĄcs Souillac Southwell Speyer Spiez Spigno Split Spoleto St Albans St Davidâs
3c 5c 4d 5c 4c 2c 5d 3b 4c 5b 2d 5a 5g 3f 4e 5f 5e 5f 5b 5c 4a 5a 5f 2h 5b 4e 5c 5c 5f 5a 5b 5a 3h 5f 4d 3e 3g 3g 2e 3g 3e 3c 4g 5d 3c 3d 5c 4e 4e 2b 2e 5b 5d 5b 5d 1e 2e 2d 4d 5b 2c 3g 3g 4c 1c 3e 4e 4e 5g 5f 2c 2b
St Dogmaelâs St Macdaraâs Island Stanton Lacy StarĂœ Plzenec Stavelot Steinbach Ston Stow Stradella Strasbourg Straubing Strzelno Studenica SzĂ©kesfehĂ©rvĂĄr SzekszĂĄrd
2b 1a 2b 3f 2d 3e 5g 1c 4e 3e 3f 2g 5h 3g 4g
Tarascon Tewkesbury Therouanne Thionville Thouars Tickencote Tismice Tivoli Toro Toulouse Tournai Tournus Tours TĆebĂÄ Tremiti Trier Trogir Tudela Tum Tveje MerlĂžse
5d 2b 2c 3d 3c 1c 3f 5f 5a 5c 2d 4d 3c 3g 5g 3d 5g 5b 2g 1e
Uchizy Utrecht Uzerche
4d 2d 4c
VĂĄc Vaison ValdediĂłs Valle di Rostino Vallence Velehrad Velezzo VendĂŽme Venice Vercelli Verdun Verneuil Verona VeszprĂ©m VĂ©zelay Vibaldone Vic Vienna Vienne Villeneuve dâAveyron Vinec VisegrĂĄd Vreden Wachock Waltham Waverley Westminster Wieselburg Wimborne Minster Wimmis Wimpfen Winchester
3h 5d 4a 5e 4d 3g 4e 3c 4f 4e 3d 3c 4e 3g 3d 4e 5c 3g 4d 4c 2f 3g 2d 2h 2c 2c 2c 3g 2b 4e 3e 2c
This map index is published in Eric Fernie: Romanesque Architecture (Pelican History of Art) available from Yale University Press www.yalebooks.co.uk isbn 078-0300-20354-7
Wittering Worcester Worms WrocĆaw WĂŒrzburg
2c 2b 3e 2g 3e
York
1c
Zåborà nad Labem Zadar Zamora Znojmo Zsåmbék
3f 5g 5a 3g 3g
Modern locations of places mentioned in the text: map B, outer areas.
1
Birsay Egilsay Orphir Kirkwall UNITED KINGDOM Brechin Abernethy Leuchars St Andrews Dunfermline Melrose Kelso Jedburgh
2
C
M
This map is published in Eric Fernie: Romanesque Architecture (Pelican History of Art) available from Yale University3Press www.yalebooks.co.uk isbn 078-0300-20354-7 Y
CM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Mondoñedo Santiago Toques
4
Braga Rio Mau GuimarĂŁes Travanca Ermelo Oporto Rates PORTUGAL Coimbra Alcobaça Tomar Toledo Lisbon Santa Maria de Melque Ăvora
Cardona
Barcelona Tarragona
Valencia
S PA I N CĂłrdoba
5 Madeira
A
B
C
DĂžnnes
0
100 200 km 100 m
Trondheim (Nidaros) Selje
StyrnÀs
N O R WA Y Urnes
Bergen
Lunner
Novgorod Bogolyubovo
Uppsala SkÄnela Sigtuna Norssunda
Oslo Stavanger
SWEDEN
Husaby Linköping Askeby Skara KÀllstad Varnhem Hadered
Vladimir RUSSIA
Visby Havdhem
D E N M A R K Fyrkat Halltorp Viborg HĂžrning Venge VĂ€ Virring Hammarlunda
Chernigov
This map is published in Eric Fernie: Romanesque Architecture (Pelican History of Art) available from Yale University Press www.yalebooks.co.uk isbn 078-0300-20354-7
UKRAINE
ROMANIA
Gyulafehérvår
Constantinople
Olbia Porto Torres Bisarcio Saccargia Ardara Bosa Borutta Santa Giusta Uta Dolianova
Trani Barletta Molfetta Montecassino Troia Bitonto Fossanova Bari Aversa Canosa Bitetto Brindisi Venosa Ruvo Naples Acerenza Pozzuoli Taranto I TA LY
Gerace
Palermo CefalĂč Monreale
D
Lepcis Magna LI BYA
TURKEY
Salonika GREECE Nikopolis
Edessa
Antioch
Hosios Lukas Daphni Corinth
Nea Moni Ephesus
Hierapolis
Saone Coliath Giblet (Byblos)
E
F
G
SYRIA
Krak Tripoli
Beirut LEBANON Tyre Hattin Nabi Samwil Tiberias Acre Belvoir I S R A E L Jacobâs Well Red Tower Baituniya Ramla Jerusalem Abu Ghosh Bethany Khirbat âIqbala al-Qubaiba Palestinian Te r r i t o r i e s JOR DA N Li Vaux Alexandria de Moise Abu Mina
Hermopolis
Cairo
H
Index to map B Abernethy Abu Ghosh Acerenza Alcobaça al-Qubaiba Antioch Ardara Askeby Aversa
2c 5h 4e 4b 5h 4h 4d 2e 4e
Daphni Dolianova DĂžnnes Dunfermline
5f 5d 1e 2c
Baituniya Barcelona Bari Barletta Beirut Belvoir Bergen Bethany Birsay Bisarcio Bitetto Bitonto Borutta Bosa Braga Brechin Brindisi
Edessa Egilsay Ephesus Ermelo Ăvora
4h 2c 5f 4b 4b
5h 4c 4e 4e 5h 5h 2d 5h 2c 4d 4e 4e 4d 4d 4b 2c 4e
Fossanova Fyrkat
4e 2d
Hadered Halltorp Hammarlunda Hattin Havdhem Hebron Hierapolis HĂžrning Hosios Lukas Husaby
2e 2e 2e 5h 2e 5h 5g 2d 5f 2e
Canosa Cardona CefalĂč Coimbra Coliath Constantinople CĂłrdoba Corinth Crac de Chevalier
4e 4c 5e 4b 5h 4f 5c 5f 5h
Jacobâs Well Jedburgh Jerusalem
5h 2c 5h
KĂ€llstad Kelso Khirbat âIqbala Kirkwall
2e 2c 5h 2c
Gerace 5e Giblet (Byblos) 5h GuimarĂŁes 4b
This map index is published in Eric Fernie: Romanesque Architecture (Pelican History of Art) available from Yale University Press www.yalebooks.co.uk isbn 078-0300-20354-7
Lepcis Magna Leuchars Li Vaux de Moise Linköping Lisbon Lunner
5e 2c 5h 2e 4b 2d
Melrose Molfetta Mondoñedo Monreale Montecassino
2c 4e 4b 5e 4e
Nabi Samwil Naples Nikopolis Norssunda Novgorod
5h 4e 5f 2e 2f
Olbia Oporto Orphir Oslo
4d 4b 2c 2d
Palermo Porto Torres Pozzuoli
5e 4d 4e
Ramla Rates Red Tower Rio Mau Ruvo
5h 4b 5h 4b 4e
Saccargia Salonika Santa Giusta
4d 4f 5d
Santa Maria de Melque 4c Santiago 4b Saone 5h Selje 1d Sigtuna 2e SkÄnela 2e Skara 2e St Andrews 2c Stavanger 2d StyrnÀs 1e Taranto Tarragona Tiberias Toledo Tomar Toques Trani Travanca Tripoli Troia Trondheim (Nidaros) Tyre
4e 4c 5h 4c 4b 4b 4e 4b 5h 4e 1d 5h
Uppsala Urnes Uta
2e 1d 5d
VĂ€ Valencia Varnhem Venge Venosa Viborg Virring Visby
2e 4c 2e 2d 4e 2d 2d 2e