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T H E O L D E ST C O L L E G E DA I LY · FO U N D E D 1 8 7 8

NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT · TUESDAY, JANUARY 22, 2013 · VOL. CXXXV, NO. 72 · yaledailynews.com

INSIDE THE NEWS MORNING EVENING

WINDY WINDY

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CROSS CAMPUS

STRESS MEMORIES CAN CHANGE

MEN’S HOCKEY

TREEHOUSE

BECTON CAFÉ

Bulldogs dominate Dartmouth, Harvard to pull Ivy weekend sweep

UNDERGRAD RAISES FUNDS FOR FOREST HIDEAWAY

Engineering eatery to open today, serving beverages and snacks

PAGES 8-9 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

PAGE 14 SPORTS

PAGE 3 NEWS

PAGE 5 NEWS

‘OUR JOURNEY IS NOT COMPLETE’

Obama sworn in for second term

He’ll be okay. Playwright

Christopher Durang DRA ’74 collapsed onstage during Saturday’s production of Cole Porter’s acclaimed musical “Kiss Me, Kate.” Durang, who slipped after he jumped down two steps and missed his footing on the landing, had to be carted to the hospital but was reportedly in “good spirits.”

Veep. Over the weekend, the

Yale College Council Executive Board selected Danny Avraham ’15 as the YCC’s next vice president, effective immediately. Avraham replaces Debby Abramov ’14, who announced earlier this month that she would not return to Yale this semester.

Avraham will continue to serve as chair of the YCC’s Academics Committee.

BY PATRICK CASEY AND MICHELLE HACKMAN STAFF REPORTERS

Hide yo’ stuff. An attempted

robbery occurred yesterday morning at Elm and High streets, according to an email from Yale Police Chief Ronnell Higgins. The victim, who is not a member of the Yale community, was walking alone when she was approached by a knife-wielding female who attempted to rob her of her cash and a backpack. Be careful, Yale!

Setting records. For the first

time, two Yalies have been named Churchill Scholars and will receive between $52,000 and $63,000 to study at the University of Cambridge next fall. Congratulations to Kavitha Anandalingam ’13 and Jonathan Liang ’13! Take England by storm.

The digital age. Len Peters, chief information officer at Yale, unveiled several new services on Friday that aim to improve Yalies’ technology experiences, including “Box,” a new cloud-based file synchronization and storage service, and improved cellphone coverage on campus.

In addition, beginning Wednesday, users will no longer need a toll authorization number when placing a longdistance call.

Crowdsourcing. According to a recent survey by DataHaven, 54 percent of Elm City residents “strongly agree” that New Haven offers safe sidewalks and crosswalks in neighborhoods. In addition, 82 percent were generally pleased with New Haven’s public transportation services.

Going places. Recent numbers

released by the City of New Haven indicate that more and more people are hopping on the free shuttle bus that travels between the New Haven Green and Union Station. According to the statistics, 200,000 people enjoyed the free ride last year.

THIS DAY IN YALE HISTORY

1942 Professor George Cowgill discusses soldier food rations, which he tells students include a newly developed chocolate bar and dehydrated vegetables.

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YDN

Following their second inauguration, President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden head toward the White House in the inaugural parade.

WASHINGTON — Barack Hussein Obama took the oath of office on Monday in front of hundreds of thousands of onlookers, publicly beginning his second term as president of the United States.

While the official swearingin occurred in the Blue Room of the White House on Sunday, U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts administered a ceremonial oath of office to Obama on the steps of the U.S. Capitol Monday morning. The inaugural crowd, though smaller than the 1.8 million who came to SEE INAUGURATION PAGE 4

Tempered enthusiasm, yet high hopes

BY PATRICK CASEY AND MICHELLE HACKMAN STAFF REPORTERS WASHINGTON — When President Barack Obama concluded his inaugural address, Joe Halloran grinned at his wife, Barbara Henry, and let out a sigh of awe. Through the speech, the

two had glanced at each other excitedly, fidgeting whenever Obama struck an especially forceful tone. At a certain point, Joe sat down on the grass and closed his eyes.

Joe and Barbara had never attended an inauguration before Obama was first sworn in in 2009, an occasion Joe described

Application numbers top record

BY AMY WANG STAFF REPORTER

as “marvelous.” Still, he said, the president’s second swearing-in was even more meaningful.

“The first time, it could have been a fluke,” he said. “He was elected, he did a good job, he was elected again. It makes it real clear the country is moving in a different direction.”

For Obama supporters like Joe and Barbara, Obama’s second inaugural address was a welcome change from the speech he gave in 2009. Rather than striking a tone of hope and change, Obama adopted a more aggressive air, not unlike the slogan he used throughout his campaign: “Forward.” His combative rhet-

oric stood in stark contrast to the tone of bipartisanship he presented four years ago, instead jabbing at political rivals for holding back his agenda.

But not everybody who attended the inauguration shared Joe and Barbara’s enthuSEE FOUR YEARS PAGE 4

FILM STUDIES

After 30 years, film studies balances theory and practice

A

s more and more students record videos on iPhones and watch movies on YouTube, Yale’s film studies program is struggling to preserve its theoryfocused identity in a continuously evolving field. PAYAL MARATHE reports.

Yale received a record-high total of 29,790 applications this year for the class of 2017.

In line with annual growth in application numbers spanning the past decade, this year’s application total marks a 3 percent increase over last year’s application count of 28,977. Because Yale expects to admit the same total number of students as it did last year — approximately 2,000 — the acceptance rate this year should drop “a bit below” last year’s 7.1 percent acceptance rate, Dean of Undergraduate Admissions Jeffrey Brenzel said. Yale received 4,520 applications for its early action round this year, out of which it accepted 649 students, or 14.4 percent.

“Certainly, our [application numbers] have continued to go up, but I do not know whether and for how long that trend will continue,” Brenzel said.

The number of applications jumped 5.8 percent for the class of 2016, and 5 percent for the class of 2015. Despite receiving roughly 800 more applications this year than last year, Brenzel said the Admissions Office still feels “very comfortable” with its ability to evaluate each application fully.

Most of the Ivy League universities are

When Charles Musser ’73 finished his junior year in the 1970s, he decided to take time off — to work on an Oscar-winning documentary.

College was a place for books, for writing, for art, but not for watching movies, and Musser, a film buff, wanted to watch movies. So Musser left Yale for four years to explore filmmaking and landed a two-year job as an assistant editor for a Vietnam war documentary. When he returned, he opted to create his own major, becoming one of the first Yale undergraduates to major in film studies.

At the time, the academic study of film was only just beginning in the United States. Despite initial resistance from the faculty, the University’s film studies program has grown more and more prominent over the past 30 years since the University began offering degrees in 1985.

While film’s status as an academic discipline may no longer be challenged, the field is now forced to

SEE ADMISSIONS PAGE 4

SEE FILM STUDIES PAGE 6

SAMANTHA GARDNER/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Charles Musser ’73 was one of the first to major in film studies at Yale. The Whitney Humanities Center has been an asset to this more recent field of study.

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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 22, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

OPINION

.COMMENT “When I went to UCS the only advice I got was to make a LinkedIn profile." yaledailynews.com/opinion

Your personal inauguration

NEWS’

A

VIEW WARNER TO WOODBRIDGE

The faculty before the colleges

A

cademics at Yale are unprepared for new residential colleges

Yale’s two newest residential colleges were originally set to open this year.

In June 2008, the Yale Corporation approved the largest expansion of the Yale student body since Morse and Ezra Stiles colleges were added in 1961. Months later, the global financial downturn delayed construction. Today, the future of these unnamed colleges needs new vision and new leadership.

Administrators have pointed to a “shovel-ready” foundation on the ProspectSachem Triangle, only waiting for roughly $300 million in donations to begin construction. But even if the upcoming Salovey administration secures the necessary funding in the near future, we believe Yale College is not yet prepared for an expansion.

As shopping period continues, many Yalies face seminar rooms designed for 20 students, but filled with 80. Students find packed lecture halls that seem at odds with the promise of “small classes” that brought them to Yale. As students try to create the perfect notecard-sized pitch to gain admittance to a seminar, or scramble for a seat in a lecture, it has become apparent that Yale’s faculty and classroom resources are already strained.

Yale’s academic program cannot support 800 additional students. In fact, tenured and tenure-track professors have decreased over the past two years. Most concerning, no clear plan for additional classrooms or faculty growth has been announced. A lack of faculty resources to accommodate the increase in students undermines the original mission of the new colleges: to expand access to the full breadth and depth of a Yale education.

This concern is not a new one. The February 2008 report of the Academic Resources Committee identified lack of space and faculty as the most serious challenges to the colleges. Almost five years later, Yale College requires a detailed

'PENNY_LANE' ON 'FEELING AROUND IN THE DARK: MY PRE-MED EXPERIENCE'

initiative to provide additional classrooms and expand its faculty, including a specific target for hiring before construction begins on the colleges.

While Yale’s faculty has increased roughly 15 percent since 1999, our experiences tell us that these efforts must be redoubled. To retain Yale’s current faculty-to-student ratio with the new colleges, Yale would have to increase its faculty size by another 15 percent. It is unlikely Yale would be willing to wait 13 years to begin construction on the new colleges.

But Yale cannot accommodate the influx of students simply by increasing the size of its faculty alone. Strategic planning must occur; administrators must wrestle with important questions concerning undergraduate advising, graduate student teaching fellows, introductory courses in English and the sciences, and special programs, such as Directed Studies and Perspectives on Science and Engineering.

Answering these kinds of administrative questions requires not only organizational planning, but also decisions on which academic programs to emphasize and pedagogical values to prioritize.

Now is the time for chairs, directors of undergraduate study and students of every department to look inward.

Yale must find professors who will not only fulfill our numerical needs, but who will also advance our academic discussions towards fields currently unpursued at Yale.

If Salovey seeks to build upon the academic improvements of his predecessor, an expansion plan will need to be authored in the immediate future, by either Salovey himself or Provost Benjamin Polak. Given Salovey’s experience in faculty development, we believe this growth could be a defining part of his legacy, but the faculty must arrive before the gates of these colleges swing open to a new generation of Yalies.

t the moment, I feel as though I cannot in good conscience comment on the substantive content of President Obama’s second inaugural address. For someone who is typically a rapturous consumer of contemporary political news and critique, my attention uncharacteristically wavered over the past few weeks. I caught up on some reading I’d been meaning to do over the break, but I deliberately eschewed controversial, widely discussed nonfiction like “Coming Apart” or “It’s Even Worse Than It Looks.” Following the Newtown shooting, I experienced a steadily mounting sense of frustration with our systems of politics and policy, barely mitigated by the gun control proposals that the administration cobbled together.

This is a kind of malaise that comes and goes, and most often appears when my despair about our American experiment is greatest (on balance, I’m more or less always a pessimist about these sorts of things). We could change our behavior and our institutions.

I can find it enjoyable making the arguments for why we should. But I still entertain a nagging doubt we ever will. At the very least, when we plug one leak in the ship, it seems like two or three more pop up elsewhere.

I typically recharge after a while, as I have by today, but get-

ting back into it is a process.

After unplugging myself for the duration of the debt crisis and only pledging to tune back in starting with address, MICHAEL this I’ll spare you MAGDZIK remarks on issues like cliMaking mate change and immigraMagic tion reform.

Instead, I’ll merely offer some slightly belated resolutions for the new year, centering on how to grapple with the address and politics more broadly.

It occurs to me that as a rule, we tend to be very passive consumers of political philosophy and policy argumentation. It’s quite easy for us to have some general notions we string together from eclectic sources: Economist editorials, New York Times reporting, The Colbert Report, what our friends convey to us. But do we do the legwork to know with a deep conviction what we want, and why precisely it would be best, or are we phoning it in? I know I find myself skimming countless articles these days from reputable sources. But often I wonder how much of what I read I actually retain, and what value lies in that habit, or in some

of the less rigorous late-night sessions in dorm rooms. Platitudes lurk in familiar corners.

The Internet has destroyed our attention spans such that not only do we fail to act to preserve and promote ideas worth fighting for in any meaningful way, but we barely remember them. Television channels, political blogs and even coffee shops (ahem, Blue State) divided by political ideology help us avoid material that would compel us to struggle with ourselves and our preconceived notions.

One challenge from the inaugural that spoke to me personally is as follows: “You and I, as citizens, have the obligation to shape the debates of our time, not only with the votes we cast, but the voices we lift in defense of our most ancient values and enduring ideals.”

What language! To have an “obligation” is to shoulder a heavy burden, yet many of us, myself included, shirk these responsibilities flippantly. To properly remedy this, I think we need to undertake at least three resolutions.

Take the time to examine texts like the inaugural address with close readings, treating them as more than partisan fluff (even if that is all they are). What diction do they use? What historical events do they evoke? How do these fit in with the contemporary political sphere? When read-

ing articles, read for quality, not quantity, and peruse, take your time. Resist the urge to open 50 browser tabs containing stories with interesting titles and glance at them all for a minute apiece.

Take brief notes.

Keep a political journal with your own thoughts and reactions, both to major events in the life of the nation and the world, and to your interactions with friends, family members and peers.

Understanding our own personal trajectories through the political world may help us come to understand the metamorphoses of others.

Finally, engage with the other side. A hackneyed suggestion, to be sure, but oft-repeated wisdom only loses its novelty, never its value. The dialectical method of ancient Greece, whereby truth is achieved via reasoned, respectful argumentation between political opponents, is and ought be the only acceptable method of governance in the modern era.

“Progress does not compel us to settle centuries-long debates about the role of government for all time — but it does require us to act in our time.” It requires us to act as well-informed, introspective and reasonable citizens.

MICHAEL MAGDZIK is a senior in Berkeley College. Contact him at michael.magdzik@yale.edu .

STEM at a disadvantage A

ccording to a recent article for the News, the class of 2016 is the first in which over 40 percent of incoming freshmen have expressed their intent to major in a science, technology, engineering or mathematics (STEM) field. This proportion is in line with admissions targets and is expected to continue for the foreseeable future. Special events for scientifically inclined admitted students, promotions of our science program at top high schools and personal outreach from top science faculty have evidently paid off.

But before the administration celebrates this achievement, we should all ask: What percentage of freshmen intending to major in a STEM field actually goes on to take more than “General Chemistry”?

As recently as 2010, long after Yale renewed its focus on the sciences, the answer seemed to be about half. For every two freshmen intending to major in a STEM field, only one student graduates with a STEM degree. But the graduating group likely has less than half of those original STEM-intentioned freshmen, assuming that some students switch into STEM majors after arriving at Yale.

People change their minds in college all the time — I’m currently on my third major (at the

last count). But given such high attrition rates, I wonder whether our problem really is attracting STEM students to Yale, HARRY or whether it’s LARSON keeping them with STEM Nothing in once they’re here.

Even Particular those of us without personal memories of the experience know friends or suitemates who constantly made that cold and thankless pilgrimage up Science Hill first semester freshman year, only to swear that they would never again take a science course.

Most Yale students were good at high school science — often, they get to college and find that higherlevel science is either uninteresting to them or more challenging than they expected. Yale can’t change that.

But if we want our graduating as well as incoming class to have as many STEM students as other colleges, we need to make the life of a STEM major at Yale more appealing.

We should start with the logistics. Unfortunately, Yale may have

doomed its undergraduate science program by building Science Hill (and no, the new residential colleges aren’t going to magically shift the center of campus so that the Kline Biology Tower Café becomes the hip new hangout).

But couldn’t Yale run more frequent shuttles? I know plenty of kids who never take the shuttle to Science Hill, either because the shuttles are late or too crowded.

(Renovating the bathrooms in Osborn Memorial Laboratories, which look like they’ve been stolen from a barrack, wouldn’t hurt either.) The University could also explore placing some large introductory science lectures in LC, WLH or Davies. Distance might sound like a petty complaint, but for students trying to make that 15-minute transition between classes, it can be a deal-breaker.

The broader problem with getting students to stick with sciences, however, is that STEM fields at Yale are hard and timeconsuming. Humanities and social science students, myself included, usually resent when our STEM friends act as though they’re the only ones with work. But the average grade — and hours spent studying to get that grade — is different in “University Physics” than in introductory economics or art history courses.

The problem isn’t entirely that STEM classes are too hard — it rather lies in the relative balance of work. As our campus culture has defined it, the full Yale experience includes the ubiquitous pressure to immerse yourself in extracurriculars, as well as the sense that one should take those random, totally impractical classes on food history that give Yale College much of its color.

The humanities and social sciences have largely accommodated these trends, managing to challenge students and still allow them to maintain a decent GPA, while taking advantage of Yale’s dynamic extracurricular and social life. STEM subjects haven’t yet done that.

Yale needs to reflect on what sort of academic and extracurricular culture it wants. The current iteration of our culture that enables and elevates extracurriculars has its strengths. But it also disadvantages STEM students seeking the full Yale experience.

As long as this basic reality continues, many of our STEM recruits will quickly realize that they want a new major.

HARRY LARSON is a junior in Jonathan Edwards College. His column runs on alternate Tuesdays.

Contact him at harry.larson@yale.edu .

GUEST COLUMNIST COURTNEY HODRICK

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I

’m so glad I dropped out of Directed Studies.

I know what you’re probably thinking: She’s a slacker who couldn’t handle the Directed Suicide workload. She didn’t want to devote her entire life to the mountains of reading. She didn’t want to spend every Thursday night pulling an all-nighter to write a paper.

If you’re thinking this, you’re buying into the pernicious mythology that surrounds D.S. Because, yes, there is a lot of reading in D.S., but there is also a lot of reading in any other humanitiesbased course load — just like there are a lot of problem sets in physics classes or tests in language classes.

We go to an excellent school, which is another way of saying that we are here, at least allegedly, to challenge ourselves. However, the elevation of D.S. above other freshman-year programs of study impedes the immersive humanities experience it is meant to provide.

At a school where every workload should be an intellectual battle, D.S. is wrongly considered a cut above the rest. “You write a paper every week,” people warn in hushed tones. “Don’t waste your Thursday nights like that.”

Bracketing a few hours a day

to work on a paper isn’t any fun either, but all-nighters aren’t necessary to succeed in D.S. Still, Yale’s tendency to conflate suffering with virtue leads us to glorify the trope of the miserable D.S. student pulling an all-nighter, when we should be condemning her bad time-management skills instead.

Yale’s cult of suffering reaches its zenith within D.S. My secondary reason for abandoning the program is simple: I just couldn’t stand the complaining. Viewing the Western canon as a grueling trek akin to Dante’s "Inferno" creates an antagonistic relationship between the students and some of the greatest works ever written by (dead, white) man.

People justify D.S. by talking about the toga parties and the community that develops around the performance of mutual suffering, but if you don’t think that the very act of reading the assigned books will be fun, just don’t do it. Maybe I can’t appreciate it as a D.S. dropout, but why are so many people taking courses they profess to hate? When we place more emphasis on the “labor” than the “love,” we might feel hard-core, but we won’t be happy, and we won’t even learn as much.

Of course, it’s impossible to create a program full of students who are motivated by the pure desire to immerse themselves in the Western canon while billing it as elite and exclusive. One of the greatest ways in which the D.S. mythology is perpetuated is through the application process.

Here’s the irony: We were told at the D.S. information session in August that anyone who wanted to do D.S. would be able to — even those who hadn’t applied over the summer. Enough students drop out that D.S. isn’t actually exclusive, and doesn’t actually need an application.

It may be bad for us to deify highly selective seminars that receive hundreds of applicants for two dozen spots, but it is even worse to glorify a process that is essentially self-selective. Inviting selected students to join and forcing others to “apply” creates an aura of exclusivity that instills the mindset that D.S. is something we should do — something that will look better on a resume than any other course load and must therefore be better than any other course load. It allows students in D.S. to feel like members of the chosen few, rather than students passionate about a niche interest

— and encourages people to apply who prioritize the former over the latter.

Maybe program administrators worry that if D.S. were to actively welcome any student with an interest in the humanities, enrollment would decline precipitously.

If adults who have been here longer than I have think that Yale students will only sign up for something that seems exclusive, I’m worried about my classmates.

I’m not opposed to the existence or the reading list of D.S. (though I’m sympathetic to critiques of the Dead White Men problem), but I would rather study the Western canon in a program half its size, in which every student was motivated solely by a love of the material. I would rather read the so-called "Great Books" without being lauded for an amount of suffering that isn’t unique to the program. The mythology that surrounds D.S. and pervades its classrooms is detrimental to the very mission that I truly believe motivated its creation: providing a place in which students who love the humanities can flourish.

COURTNEY HODRICK is a freshman in Saybrook College. Contact her at courtney.hodrick@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 22, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 3

NEWS

42

WEDNESDAY, JAN. 16

The article “Investments Office pushes private equity” mistakenly reported that Yale has increased its allocation toward private equity by almost 15 percent since 2008.

In fact, Yale has increased its allocation by almost 15 percentage points.

FRIDAY, JAN. 18

The article “‘Moonshine & Lion’: bright & wild” misidentified Cosima Cabrera ’14 as Olivia Scicolone ’15.

FRIDAY, JAN. 18

The article “State may get highway tolls” mistakenly stated that a study by the Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineers (CASE) showed Connecticut to be more reliant than any other state on federal funding for its highways.

In fact, the study, which the Connecticut Department of Transportation asked CASE to perform, did not demonstrate this, nor did it attempt to do so.

Activists seek immigrant reform Rougly 50 years after Martin Luther King Jr. made his “I have a dream” speech, “Dreamers” gathered in front of New Haven’s federal courthouse yesterday to rally for comprehensive immigration reform in President Barack Obama’s second term.

About 50 people braved the snow and arrived on the steps of the courthouse at 4 p.m. carrying signs and chanting slogans like “No one is illegal. Stop deporting people.” The rally, which used Martin Luther King Jr. Day and Obama’s inauguration as a cry for widespread immigration reform, was sponsored by activist groups in New Haven including Unidad Latina en Accion, Amistad Catholic Worker, Junta for Progressive Action and the Yale Divinity School Seminarians for a Democratic Society. Those interviewed differed in their priorities for immigration reform, but all voiced hope that the next four years will bring more reform than the last four. “[Obama] announced that he was going to do immigration reform and … 1.5 million people are still waiting,” said John Lugo, who is involved in Unidad Latina in Accion. “Again he’s promising immigration reform. I feel like he’s going to do it, but we need to push for the people to remind him that we’re going to be here on the streets today and on.”

The past four years have been somewhat of a disappointment for those hoping for immigration reform in the United States.

According to the Migration Policy Institute, the Obama administration has spent more money on regulating, detaining and deporting immigrants than it did on all other forms of law enforcement combined. One of the most controversial immigration policies of the Obama administration is the Secure Communities program, which is

designed to deport violent criminals but has been criticized for unnecessarily targeting those who were never convicted of a felony.

Those interviewed at the rally said they are hopeful that the next four years will bring about different immigration reform policies. Jordan Scruggs DIV ’15, a members of Seminarians for a Democratic Society, an activist group composed of Yale Divinity School students, said she hopes there are changes to Secure Communities so that people like Josemaria Islas, who sparked an outcry in the immigrant community after being detained as a nonviolent undocumented worker, will not be affected by the program. Juan Diaz ’15, a member of MeCHA, a student activist organization at Yale, said he would like to see a legal pathway to citizenship created.

Mark Colville, who has been involved in Amistad Catholic Worker, a community center that serves breakfast and lunch and sometimes provides people with a place to stay, said he observes first hand the difficulties immigrants face. “Pain is something we see on an everyday basis,” Colville said, adding that he wishes the people who made immigration laws “had a connection with that pain because they really would approach it in a more sane way, and in a more humane way.”

As the snow continued to fall, people kept waving their signs, sharing their stories and calling for change. “Basic reform is about accomplishing the dream that Martin Luther King taught us to dream about,” said Gregory Williams DIV ’15, a divinity school student involved in Seminarians for a Democratic Society.

Secure Communities was implemented statewide Feb. 22.

Contact MONICA DISARE at monica.disare@yale.edu .

The treehouse expands 6,000 square feet and stands 56 feet above ground. Alnwick Castle dates to the 11th century and is the current residence of the Duke of Northumberland.

TFA popularity rises

CORRECTIONS

BY MONICA DISARE STAFF REPORTER

Millions of British pounds spent building the treehouse at Alnwick Castle

BY HANNAH SCHWARZ AND AMY WANG STAFF REPORTERS For an increasing number of Yale students, leaving the classroom after graduation means going back to the classroom — but as a teacher.

Yale, along with all seven other Ivy League universities, ranked in 2012 as a top school contributing to Teach for America, a nonprofit that hires college graduates to teach in underserved areas. The University — which sent 35 students to TFA in 2012, out of a total 5,800 students from across the country selected from a pool of roughly 48,000 — has steadily ranked among the highest-contributing colleges for several years.

“I think [TFA’s] mission resonates with our students at Yale as a way they can have a profound impact on the lives of others, and at the same time expand their personal and professional growth,” said Director of Undergraduate Career Services Jeanine Dames in an email to the News.

Dames said she thinks TFA’s stated goals “to train future leaders and promote education across the nation” appeal to Yale students and contribute to the recent rise in TFA applicants at the University.

Overall, the number of students who joined in 2012 from Ivy League schools is nearly 50 percent higher than it was in 2008. Harvard, Princeton and Columbia sent 62, 27 and 32 students to TFA, respectively, in 2012.

The organization has grown steadily more competitive, as nationwide applications to TFA have swelled from roughly 15,000 in 2003 to more than 48,000 in 2012. According to data from Undergraduate Career Services, nearly 250 students from Yale’s class of 2010 applied to work for TFA, but only 46 were accepted to join.

In general, the number of students choosing postgraduate careers in education has risen — in 2010, 17 percent of graduates pursued jobs in education, while that number was only 11 percent 10 years earlier.

Jake McGuire ’10, who declined job offers in marketing in order to join TFA as a high school science teacher, said he highly recommends the organization to Yale students, though the experience is “not for everybody.”

Jake Whitman, a former TFA corps member and recruiter, said he thinks the increase in interested students is a result of TFA’s expanded outreach efforts. But Whitman said that because TFA recruits heavier at Ivy League schools than at less prestigious ones, students at Ivy League schools are often better prepared for the application process and consequently face better chances of being accepted.

“It’s more ingrained in Ivy League schools,” he said, adding that because there is a “gathering of really high-performing students at Ivy Leagues and other prestigious schools,” TFA tends to focus the bulk of its attention and outreach on select institutions. Whitman said he is glad to see the organization recently expand its recruitment to also include “non-toptier” schools.

Zak Newman ’13, a political science major interested in education reform, said he thinks TFA’s success in recruiting Ivy League students has largely come from its ability to “insert itself into the mainstream” of postgraduate opportunities along with consulting and investment banking. TFA is now “up there with Citibank” as an option regularly considered by students, he said.

Shanaz Chowdhery ’13, who will be joining TFA in the fall as a secondary school mathematics teacher, said that the organi-

zation’s success in recruiting rests in part on its ability to “woo” people.

“As soon as you sign up for an account, you’ll have someone who calls you and wants to schedule coffee with you,” she said.

[TFA’s] mission resonates … as a way [students] can have a profound impact on the lives of others, and at the same time expand their personal and professional growth.

JEANINE DAMES Director, Undergraduate Career Services Chowdhery added that she thinks the job security TFA provides attracts many students to the organization. She said she found out that she had been accepted to the program in November and no longer had to worry about the job search.

Rory Marsh ’13, who does not plan to apply to TFA, said he has “always been surprised by the breadth of people it attracts,” because the organization seems to offer a “unique experience, useful to people across all factors.”

Teach for America was founded in 1990 and currently has more than 10,000 corps members.

Contact HANNAH SCHWARZ at hannah.schwarz@yale.edu.

Contact AMY WANG at amy.wang@yale.edu .

GRAPH STUDENT PARTICIPANTS IN TEACH FOR AMERICA 70 60

2008 2012

50 40 30 20 10 0

N/A

Harvard

Cornell

UPenn Dartmouth Brown

Yale

Columbia Princeton

Undergrad to build treehouse

BY ERIC XIAO STAFF REPORTER

MONICA DISARE/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Roughly 50 people gathered Monday afternoon to call for comprehensive immigration reform during President Barack Obama’s second term.

By the end of the semester, Yale students can explore Yale’s extensive forests from their very own treehouse.

On Jan. 11, Griffin Collier ’13 launched a campaign on Kickstarter — an online crowdfunding platform — aimed at raising $5,000 to fund the construction of “The Treehouse at Yale,” a treehouse located in the Yale-Myers Forest in Eastford, Conn., which is 70 miles away from campus. The campaign has since surpassed its goal and raised $5,367 as of Monday night. Collier said he aims for the treehouse — which he hopes will be completed by the end of the semester — to create a place in the Yale-Myers Forest where people can appreciate nature.

“For us, it will be a place where people can go not to experience the research and the science that we are doing, but to appreciate the nature by itself,” said Yale Forest Manager Alex Barrett GRD ’12, who is helping Collier with the project.

Collier, an architecture major, said he initially conceived of the idea to build a treehouse in 2011 during a conversation with friends. After constructing theater sets since middle school, he said he wanted to apply his studies in architecture outside of the classroom by building a treehouse.

“There is not really an outlet in archi-

tecture for hands-on construction side by side with design,” Collier said.

After months of working with the Yale Office of Environmental Health & Safety to ensure that the treehouse would be safe for its users, the project was formally approved in fall 2012, Collier said. He said he began the Kickstarter campaign because he was unable to locate sufficient funding within the University. The Kickster campaign, which will conclude on Feb. 2, has 140 donors so far. He said he was surprised by the large number of donors to the Kickstarter campaign who were completely unfamiliar to him.

The treehouse serves as a bridge that connects people to what is otherwise an island.

KRIS COVEY GRD ’16 Director of new initiatives, Yale-Meyers Forest Collier added that he and his team are pursuing funding sources outside of Kickstarter as well, and he estimates the project will ultimately cost over $7,000.

Collier said he initially planned for the treehouse to be built on a gingko tree in Timothy Dwight College, but an evaluation of the tree revealed that it was in

poor health and the project was halted for several months. He added that he was ultimately happy that the treehouse would be removed from campus in the Yale-Myers Forest because it will be less crowded and instead a place “where one could go to be in nature for nature’s sake.”

The treehouse will be entirely open and will consist of an arrangement of square frames located in a sugar maple tree less than one mile northwest of the Yale-Myers base camp, Barrett said. The forest is typically used for research and other academic purposes by students in the School of Forestry & Environmental Studies as well as students from other universities in the area, he said. He added that the primary purpose of the treehouse is to experience the forest outside of an academic setting.

Kris Covey GRD ’16, the director of new initiatives at Yale-Myers Forest, said the treehouse could encourage more students to visit the forest, since it is far from campus. He added that the forest is currently seen as a “remote wilderness.”

“The treehouse serves as a bridge that connects people to what is otherwise an island,” he said.

The University owns roughly 11,000 acres of forest.

Contact ERIC XIAO at eric.xiao@yale.edu .

PAGE 4

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 22, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT watch Obama’s first inauguration in 2009, filled the National Mall with enthusiasm about the day’s proceedings and optimism about the coming four years.

Obama’s inaugural address, which lasted for nearly 19 minutes, stressed many of the themes central to his re-election campaign such as climate change, gay rights and America’s role in the modern world. At the same time, Obama referenced the Declaration of Independence and civilrights history while expounding his vision of equality and progress in America.

“For we, the People, understand that our country cannot succeed when a shrinking few do very well and a growing many barely make it. We believe that America’s prosperity must rest upon the broad shoulders of a rising middle class,” Obama said.

While stating that the country will need to make “hard choices to reduce the cost of health care and the size of our deficit,” Obama argued that reforms must not unduly harm the old or the young.

“The commitments we make to each other — through Medicare and Medicaid and Social Security — these things do not sap our initiative; they strengthen us. They do not make us a nation of takers; they free us to take the risks that make this country great,” Obama said.

Obama framed the issues of equal pay, gay rights, voting rights and immigration in terms of equality. He also alluded to his support for gun-control legislation, mentioning Newtown, Conn. and adding that children from all over the nation must “know that they are cared for and cherished and always safe from harm.”

Many of those present on the National Mall considered Obama’s speech to be an assertive attempt to set his secondterm policy agenda.

“I thought that he was aggressive in his speech — that he made it pretty clear where he stood and where he wanted to go,” said Althea McMillian, who flew to Washington from Mobile, Ala. to witness the inauguration.

McMillian, an Obama supporter, said that she was pleased but

HULL AMERICAN LEADER OF THE WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT

Smaller crowds four years later

Speech focuses on civil rights INAUGURATION FROM PAGE 1

“I and others of my sex find ourselves controlled by a form of government in the inauguration of which we had no voice.” VICTORIA WOOD-

unsurprised by the president’s tone. Compared to Obama’s inaugural address in 2009, “this one seems to be a little more forceful. … I think he said some of the same things, but after four years of experiencing things and knowing what he truly has to face, he was just a little more defined.”

Jeannette Garcia, an Obama supporter and high school senior from Florida, said that the president was more willing to broach controversial topics than he was during the campaign.

“I thought he pointed out a lot of things that people had been wary about during the campaigns, a lot of issues that he didn’t really address as well then,” Morrison said. She added that she was particularly pleased that Obama talked about gay rights and immigration reform.

Although most people in the crowd seemed to have supported Obama in the most recent election, enthusiasm for his re-election was far from universal. William Hollingsworth of Greenbelt, Md., said that although he voted for Obama in 2008, the president’s fiscal policies led him to switch his support to libertarian Gary Johnson in 2012. He said he is disappointed with both parties, but still thinks, “[Obama] is a good guy. I think he’s got a lot of good things to do for the nation, but I just don’t agree a whole lot with his fiscal policies.”

The atmosphere on the National Mall was festive Monday, and American flags seemed to be everywhere. According to the National Weather Service, the temperature reached a high of about 40 degrees — warmer than in 2009, when Washington experienced one of its coldest inauguration days in history with a noontime temperature of 28 degrees.

The ceremonies on Monday included a poem reading by Richard Blanco, prayers by Myrlie Evers Williams and the Rev. Louie Giglio, and musical performances by artists and groups including Beyoncé and the United States Marine Band.

YDN

Jill Biden, wife of the vice president, waved to the crowd during the inaugural parade.

FOUR YEARS FROM PAGE 1 siasm. Francis, a substance abuse counselor from Atlanta, Ga., who declined to give his last name, was loudly advertising black scarves on which he had embroidered inauguration-themed slogans.

Francis said he attended Obama’s first inauguration four years ago.

“For the first time, a black man was chosen by the people, not by one person but by all the people, and that made it amazing for me,” he said.

This time, though, Francis considered his time better spent selling scarves.

Four years in office have chipped away at Obama’s approval rating, with an acrimonious health care fight, the emergence of the Tea Party and a prolonged conflict over the debt ceiling bringing his approval rating to a low of 44 percent in 2011. On Monday, Gallup reported a 50 percent approval rating, down from his 69 percent approval rating just three days after his first swearing-in.

This decline in excitement could be seen in the size of Monday’s celebration.

While most sources placed attendance at Obama’s first inauguration at approximately 1.8 million people, pre-inauguration Capitol security officials projected that approximately 600,000 would attend Monday’s celebration. In 2009, attendees struggled to find a spot on the National Mall as far back as the Washington Monument; this year, the crowd was noticeably thinner.

Charles Suey, a merchandise vendor, attended both inaugurations to sell Obama buttons with a variety of slogans like “evolved” – a reference to the president’s self-described thinking on gay marriage. Suey said that, in 2009, he created 14,000 buttons to sell; this year, he made just 3,000.

George Gonsalves, a C-SPAN intern who was handing out Obama buttons for free elsewhere on the mall, said that, despite the decreased turnout this year, excitement was still palpable for those in attendance. In fact, the smaller crowd may have been a benefit.

“Last inauguration, some of that excitement translated to a lot of kicking,

a lot of arguing, a lot of pushing,” he said.

“People just started fighting — normal people were trampling each other.”

Gonsalves added that he lost some of the enthusiasm he had felt for Obama in the four years between inaugurations. He criticized Obama for what he deemed a lack of difficult decision-making.

“Obama really has to show a stronger face,” he said.

Joe and Barbara conceded that “decisive action” would be a tough feat for the president, who is entering his second term with a divided Congress. Already, several tough fights loom on the horizon, including another renegotiation of the debt ceiling and a plan to strengthen gun laws following the mass shooting in Newtown, Conn.

Still, the couple said they are hopeful.

“It’s not gonna be easy, but I think the country’s moving,” Joe said.

Contact PATRICK CASEY at patrick.casey@yale.edu . Contact MICHELLE HACKMAN at michelle.hackman@yale.edu .

Contact PATRICK CASEY at patrick.casey@yale.edu . Contact MICHELLE HACKMAN at michelle.hackman@yale.edu .

YDN

Attendees witnessing yesterday’s ceremony could purchase Obamathemed merchandise around the city.

YDN

Though Obama’s first inauguration had approximately 1.8 million attendees, this year’s ceremony drew a crowd of just 600,000.

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 22, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 5

NEWS

“Without music, life would be a mistake.”

FRIED-

RICH NIETZSCHE GERMAN PHILOSOPHER, POET, COMPOSER AND CULTURAL CRITIC

New café opens in the Becton Center

BY DAN WEINER STAFF REPORTER With today’s opening of the new 44-seat café on the first floor of the Becton Center, Yale’s engineers will now have a place tailor-fit to lounge and work.

School of Engineering Deputy Dean Vincent Wilczynski said one of the goals for the café was to give the engineering community a place to meet and discuss ideas to complement the Center for Engineering Innovation and Design, which opened last fall also on the first floor of the Becton Center. While the café will only serve food and beverages in the morning and early afternoon, the space will remain open 24 hours a day.

“Universities are supposed to be hospitable in the interaction between departments,” said Peter Bentel, partner at Bentel & Bentel, the architecture firm which designed the café. “What better way to literally be hospitable than to offer a place for people to go have a cup of coffee or a great bagel?”

The café serves not only to create social cohesion among members of the engineering school, but also to foster interaction between and among other departments in the University, Bentel said. Bentel added that the café would serve as an “oasis” along the stretch of Prospect Street for students living in the planned residential colleges half a

B E C T O N CA F É SPECIALS TUESDAY, JAN. 22

$1 double espresso free drip coffee (12 oz.)

WEDNESDAY, JAN. 23

$1 smoothie (12 oz.) free brownie bites

THURSDAY, JAN. 24

$1 lattes (12 oz.) free cookie bites FRIDAY, JAN. 25

$1 cappuccino (8 oz.) free sandwich bites

KATHRYN CRANDALL/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The new café on the first floor of the Becton Center aims to foster social cohesion among Yale’s engineering community. block from the café.

“We have the best coffee and the best of our products and portfolio in the snack category featured in this place,” Yale Dining Executive Director Rafi Taherian said. “But having said that, food is not the center. The experience is the center.”

The café will serve a variety of beverages, sandwiches and snacks from 8 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. on weekdays, though it will not accept lunch swipes because of limited food storage space and its physical proximity with Commons, Taherian said.

Yale Dining Director of Retail Development & Operations Tom Tucker said there were multiple factors behind the decision not to allow meal-swipe payment at the new café. The limited space

in the café both prevents hot food preparation and storage of enough food to support a meal program. Any meal that could be offered in the café would be “100 percent better” across the street at Commons, he said.

Taherian added that allowing meal swipes at too many retail locations would threaten the flagship residential college dining experience.

“You don’t want to compete with a beautiful residential college with a café,” he said. “You want to make sure that students have an opportunity to see and experience their dining together within these small communities. We have the most beautiful residential college dining experience in the country. There is no one who can even come close to Yale. We have to be protective of

Faculty activity reports move online

BY SOPHIE GOULD STAFF REPORTER Faculty members can now submit their annual reports on their professional accomplishments this winter with only a few simple clicks and keystrokes.

In a Jan. 3 memo to the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, then-Provost Peter Salovey unveiled a new web-based activity report, which professors must fill out once a year to help the University track their research, work responsibilities and the grants, honors and awards they have received over the past year.

The online form, developed over the past several months by the Provost’s Office and Faculty Administrative Services, replaces the Microsoft Word documents used to collect this information in recent years. Professors interviewed said the online system has the potential to be much easier for the faculty because it reduces the level of manual work required of professors.

We’re getting rid of a clumsy form and instead aiming to reduce the burden on the faculty.

TIMOTHY O’CONNOR Associate provost for science and technology “It’s really a total revamp of the process,” said Timothy O’Connor, associate provost for science and technology. “We’re getting rid of a clumsy form and instead aiming to reduce the burden on the faculty.”

The activity reports, which are due Feb. 1, are used to keep Provost’s Office and departmental records up-to-date and are reviewed by the Faculty of Arts and Sciences Steering Committee in annual deliberations about faculty salaries, O’Connor said.

In previous years, faculty members downloaded a form consisting of many fill-in-theblank boxes and either filled it out in Microsoft Word or printed it, completed it by hand and scanned it back into the computer. The reports were then emailed to the department chairs.

O’Connor said most professors keep their own records of their activity in the form of a curriculum vitae, or CV, but the old system required professors to re-enter all the

information manually. The new, web-based form has just two text boxes and a button for directly uploading one’s CV. The remaining information, such as details about grants and course enrollment statistics, will be merged automatically with the records kept by the Provost’s Office, Salovey said in the memo.

Professors will have the opportunity to review the final form before it is sent to department chairs, and can notify the Provost’s Office of any necessary corrections, he added.

O’Connor said the new form enables the faculty to submit a CV with any format, and provides two additional boxes asking them to “self-identify what they consider their most important accomplishments” and to detail their service to the University in the past year.

The new forms are more environmentally friendly and are more convenient than the old system, Salovey said in an email to the News.

Before rolling out the new forms, the developers asked a small group of faculty to be beta testers. O’Connor said some feedback he received from the test group led to several improvements in the form.

Chair of the Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Ronald Breaker, who has used the online form, said the process is “vastly improved from previous years” and cited the ability to upload one’s CV as a particularly useful feature.

“Faculty members regularly keep their CV up-to-date as part of the materials submitted when applying for grants, and so this feature greatly simplifies the reporting process,” he said.

William Kelly, professor of anthropology, said he would evaluate the success of the new form after he sees whether electronically gathering information from uploaded CVs as well as from the records in the Provost’s Office can be accurate.

Anthropology professor Joseph Errington, who has not filled out the report yet, said he liked the idea of the text box component of the web-based form because it allows professors to describe their achievements in their own words.

“They say they want a prose narrative, and that’s easier than filling in boxes,” Errington said.

The final reports will be sent to department chairs on Feb. 15.

Contact SOPHIE GOULD at sophie.gould@yale.edu .

that.”

What better way to literally be hospitable than to offer a place for people to go have a cup of coffee or a great bagel?

PETER BENTEL Partner, architecture firm Bentel & Bentel All four students interviewed during the café soft opening last week said they had positive first impressions of the space but wished the café accepted lunch swipes.

Usman Anwer ’13 said he usually goes to Whitney Avenue to get coffee, and the broad coffee offerings in the new café will save him the trip. He added that he hopes the café installs microwaves so students could warm food at all hours.

Between the new café and the CEID, Tim Westcott ’14 said he expects to spend a significant amount of time in Becton.

“It’s really neat,” he said. “I’m happy they are spending money on the engineering facilities.”

The café is soliciting entries for names and logos until 5 p.m. on Jan. 25.

The winning entry will be announced before spring break.

Contact DAN WEINER at daniel.weiner@yale.edu .

GOSPEL CHOIR PERFORMS FOR MLK DAY

EMILIE FOYER/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

‘I HAVE A DREAM’ To celebrate Martin Luther King Day, Pierson College hosted a special dinner featuring a performance by the Yale Gospel Choir (shown above) and an address

by Tanya Fields, director of the BLK ProjeK, which seeks to support underserved, low-income women in issues of food justice and mental health.

PAGE 6

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 22, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT

“This film cost $31 million. With that kind of money I could have invaded some country.” CLINT EASTWOOD AMERICAN FILM ACTOR, DIRECTOR AND PRODUCER

Yale maintains commitment to film theory FILM STUDIES FROM PAGE 1 respond to new technologies and media. Echoing Yale’s liberal arts focus, the University’s film studies program has focused traditionally on theory rather than on film production — but with film production becoming increasingly popular since the advent of YouTube and high-quality portable cameras, students are quickly losing interest in the theory. Traditional reel film is becoming obsolete, and film studies professor Aaron Gerow admitted that “people consider film an ancient medium.”

“Cinema has kind of dissolved into other things,” said Musser, who is now an American studies and film studies professor.

Although an external review found that Yale’s graduate cinema program in critical studies, which focuses on theory rather than production, is one of the best in the country, professor Francesco Casetti said the review also noted that the undergraduate film studies program needs improvement. He added that the film studies faculty at Yale is largely composed of professors with joint appointments in other departments, which prevents the program from catering to students more interested in film production.

Different schools are adopting different approaches to balancing theory with practice, and Yale is no exception.

“We have to find our answer, specific to Yale,” Casetti said.

THE EVOLVING FILMMAKER

Thirty years ago, filmmaking was expensive.

There were no high-quality cellphone cameras that would allow any film novice to shoot an

impressive video. There was no technology that high school students could use to edit clips with a few mouse clicks. There was no YouTube for amateur cinematographers to share videos of their dogs playing fetch. And filmmakers usually went into severe debt, Musser explained.

As film production becomes increasingly commonplace and accessible, Yale’s film studies program has one great fear: losing its identity.

All five Yale professors agreed that the integration of theory and practice, with a focus on theory, makes film studies at Yale unique.

Yale wants to avoid simply modernizing the program, Casetti said. Instead, he thinks the program should attempt to understand new media through traditional methods of cinema studies so that students increase their critical knowledge, not just their technical skills.

attractive career prospect.”

According to Film Studies Director of Undergraduate Studies J.D. Connor, production is also the most popular concentration within the film studies major for Yale undergraduates. Despite criticism from production majors that the program places too much focus on theory, the program is committed to teaching self-expression, Connor said. He added that Yale would never have a course on editing, for instance, as practical and technical courses defy Yale’s liberal arts focus.

Still, seven Yale graduate students interviewed said their critical studies education is wellregarded because of its balance between theory and practice.

“I feel really firmly that production just can’t exist without critical studies — you just won’t end up becoming a good producer,” Mal Ahern GRD ’17 said.

Production just can’t exist without critical studies — you just won’t end up becoming a good producer.

Few other film studies departments nationwide have clung as strongly to tradition as Yale has.

Allen, the NYU professor, said his department has redefined “cinema” to include any moving image.

University of Chicago professor Tom Gunning said his film studies department does not recognize a sharp divide between film and new digital media.

“People assume there was something called ‘film’ which existed for hundreds of years without changing, but the digital is just a later stage in something that has been continuously changing,” he said. “There definitely has been a change, but we think it’s positive.”

Princeton professor P. Adams Stiney said he respects Yale’s model. Stiney added that few

MAL AHERN GRD ’17 But film studies majors want more courses in the technical aspects of production. At New York University, which has a prestigious film studies department, fewer than 200 undergraduates are majoring in cinema studies, while over 1,000 are majoring in film production. NYU professor Richard Allen said the disparity in enrollment is understandable, considering filmmaking is “a very

A BLESSING AND A CURSE

SAMANTHA GARDNER/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The Whitney Humanities Center has provided a space for students to explore their passion in film and to hone their skills as filmmakers. The film studies program currently has 16 professors. film studies programs teach serious cinema studies, since most show DVDs and YouTube videos instead of actual reels, and Yale is one of only a handful of schools that offers a greater emphasis on critical study.

In addition to its traditional focus, Yale’s program is heavily multidicisplinary, drawing much of its faculty from other departments. According to film studies production major Deandra Tan ’13, the program’s interdisciplinary identity is “both a blessing and a curse.”

“There’s a tremendous advantage, on the one hand, to be able

to pull faculty from other humanities departments,” Connor said, adding that Yale was able to create a robust film studies program on a modest budget because the University did not need to hire many new faculty.

Still, the jointly appointed professors also have obligations to other departments, which dilutes resources for students in the major, Connor said. He added that the program’s first priority is to hire a permanent filmmaker. Casetti said inviting more film scholars to Yale and increasing students’ exposure to professionals dedicated fully to film is

another way to improve the program.

Despite the program’s issues, professors and students alike recognize the advances Yale’s film studies program has made in the past 30 years. Tan accredits this development to “the efforts of some amazing faculty, without whom it wouldn’t nearly be the major that it is today.”

The film studies program currently has 16 permanent faculty.

Contact PAYAL MARATHE at payal.marathe@yale.edu .

Regular decision applications increase

Morning Checklist [x] Brush teeth [x] Wash face [x] Comb hair [x] Grab a cup of coffee [x] Read the Yale Daily News

Fill this space here.

Get your day started on the right page.

JOIN@YALEDAILYNEWS.COM

30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

5,000

2004

Contact AMY WANG at amy.wang@yale.edu .

GRAPH NUMBER OF YALE APPLICANTS

2003

also still riding the wave of across-theboard application increases. Columbia announced last week that it received 33,460 applications for this year’s round, representing a roughly 5 percent increase, and Dartmouth received 22,400 applications, a decrease of roughly 3 percent.

As the number of Yale’s applications has doubled since 2001, Brenzel said, the scores and grades of Yale’s applicants, admitted students and students who accept offers of admission consistently “have averaged the highest of any college’s in the nation.”

High school college counselors interviewed said they see a fair amount of anxiety each year from students applying to college.

Andrew McNeill, college counselor at The Taft School in Watertown, Conn., said he usually sees around five times the number of students who apply to Yale in the regular decision round as he does for early action in the fall. McNeill said some students wait to apply in the regular decision because they use that time to build up necessary qualifications.

“It’s definitely hard on students,” said Jawaan Wallace, college counselor at Brentwood School in Los Angeles, Calif. “The anxiety is consistent, [though] it varies from school to school.”

Annalise Mariottini, a high school appli-

cant from California, said the increasing number of applications that Yale receives each year “definitely caused some nervousness” when she applied. Though Yale is her first choice, and she feels like she has a good chance, she said she is naturally still open to other colleges, in anticipation of the University’s low acceptance rate in the spring.

Eric Aldieri, a high school applicant from Connecticut who was deferred in Yale’s early action round and now awaits his admission notification in regular decision, said he “honestly enjoyed the college application process” because of the chance to visit many schools and compose heartfelt essays.

“It sounds cliché … but I came closer to discovering my true self,” Aldieri said. “That being said, the wait [until decisions] is atrocious.”

Applicants to Yale were able to elect to send their applications to Yale-NUS College, the liberal arts college Yale is creating with the National University of Singapore.

Brenzel said over 9,200 students applied to Yale-NUS through their Yale College applications.

Yale applicants will be notified of their decisions March 28.

2002

ADMISSIONS FROM PAGE 1

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 22, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 7

BULLETIN BOARD

TODAY’S FORECAST

TOMORROW

Scattered flurries.

Partly sunny, with a high near 26.

Northwest wind 16 to 18 mph.

THURSDAY

High of 23, low of 9.

High of 22, low of 10.

DOONESBURY BY GARRY TRUDEAU

ON CAMPUS TUESDAY, JANUARY 22 5:00 PM “Global Holocaust: A History Lesson for the Future” Professor Timothy Snyder, author of “Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin,” will talk about the lessons to be learned from the mass murders inflicted by the 20th century dictators. Free and open to the general public. Whitney Humanities Center (53 Wall St.), Room 208.

9:00 PM FOOT Leader Info Session Come hear current FOOT leaders talk about their experience and ask any questions you might have about the application process, being a FOOT leader or life in general! Davenport College (248 York St.), Common Room.

WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 23

THAT MONKEY TUNE BY MICHAEL KANDALAFT

4:00 PM “History, Leadership, and Personal Experience: From the Post-Vietnam Army to Today” Retired four-star general Stanley McChrystal will give the Jackson Senior Fellows Lecture. Open to the general public. Sterling Memorial Library (120 High St.), Lecture Hall.

10:00 PM WYBC Presents: The Bass Broadcast WYBC Yale Radio is broadcasting live out of Bass Café. We’ve got music, interviews, commentary and more. This is your chance to be on-air, right from the center of campus. Stop by, grab a slice of pizza, tell us about yourself and learn about WYBC Yale Radio.

Bass Library (110 Wall St.), Café.

THURSDAY, JANUARY 24 5:30 PM “Once Removed: Sculpture’s Changing Frame of Reference” Cathleen Chaffee, Horace W. Goldsmith assistant curator of modern and contemporary art, will discuss work by Carol Bove, Ree Morton, Nam June Paik, Allen Ruppersberg and others represented in the special exhibition. Yale University Art Gallery (1111 Chapel St.).

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35 Some sorority women 37 D.C. baseball team 38 Frittata base 40 Convent dweller 41 Painted Desert formation 42 Controversial apple spray 43 Mexican state bordering Arizona 45 “Reading Rainbow” network 47 Country with six time zones 49 *Flaw in a fence 51 *Quarter 53 Kitchen gadget 54 Volleyball venue 56 Street shader 57 *“The Golden Girls” co-star 61 Crème de la crème 65 Big name in bars 66 “Do __ favor ...”

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1/22/13

By Jeff Stillman

4 “Fiddler on the Roof” village 5 Hale and Revere, notably 6 EPA-banned pesticide 7 Not up to snuff 8 Shaggy’s dog, to Shaggy 9 Regard 10 “Sweet” woman in a Neil Diamond title 11 Yucatán year 12 Thesaurus entry: Abbr.

13 Sty dweller 19 Winter transports 21 Individually 23 Urgent call at sea 24 Source of legal precedents 25 Tomato sauce herb 27 Up the creek 28 Distinguished 29 Stalling-for-time syllables 31 Numbers game with 80 balls 32 Was so not worth seeing, as a movie 36 Like many quotes: Abbr.

39 Safety rods in shower stalls

Monday’s Puzzle Solved

SUDOKU EASY

4

(c)2013 Tribune Media Services, Inc.

41 Without a partner 42 Comic’s routine 43 Occupied, as a desk 44 Harry Potter costume 46 Sun. delivery 48 Country music star __ Bentley 50 Speaker of the first syllables of the answers to starred clues

1/22/13

52 Chowderhead 55 Shaded 57 Secretly keep in the email loop, briefly 58 Pipe bend 59 Battery type 60 “Far out!”

62 Columbia, for one 63 Bus. card letters 64 Acetyl ending

3

6

9 2 1 3 7

6 5 9 8 8 2 1 4 8 2 7 4 8 1 8 2 6 8 1 3 9 5 4 7 5 1 6 2 7

PAGE 8

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 22, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 22, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 9

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

“If you wish to make an apple pie from scratch, you must first invent the universe.”

CARL SAGAN AMERICAN ASTROPHYSICIST, COSMOLOGIST AND AUTHOR

Stressful memories malleable

BY JENNIFER GERSTEN CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Memories of stressful events can seem indelible. Recollections of discomfort, behavior and surroundings are recorded with piercingly sharp detail, causing many a sleepless night.

But a study released December in the International Journal of Law and Psychiatry suggests that memories formed under intense stress are more malleable than initially thought.

The research reveals that recent traumatic memories are susceptible to the effects of visual misinformation, even in individuals experienced with handling stress.

“People assume ‘Oh, that wouldn’t happen to me,’” said Charles A. Morgan III GRD ’96, associate clinical professor of psychiatry at the Yale School of Medicine and lead author of the study. “But [memory distortion] really does occur, and it can happen very quickly.”

The study was conducted at a military survival school during the prisoner-of-war phase, in which active duty personnel are exposed to stressful situations mimicking the experiences of wartime prisoners. Following training, students were privately interrogated about their experiences. In the first phase, they were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding the appearance of the interrogator and the interrogation chamber.

Participants in the control group received questionnaires with “nonleading” questions, or questions that did not suggest possible answers — for example, “Was there a telephone in the room?” Experimental group participants received “leading” questions — for example, “What color was the telephone?” which falsely suggests that a telephone was present in the room.

Despite the absence of a telephone, 98 percent of those who answered leading questions endorsed the presence of a telephone in the room, compared with 10 percent who answered nonleading questions. Morgan said that participants exposed to questions implying misinformation were more likely, in each category tested, to endorse false memories.

“There is an assumption by the jury and clinicians that if an event was recent and highly stressful, you will never forget it,” he added. “But the way you ask your questions might change what people have to say.”

Participants in experimental groups were also asked to select an image of their interrogator from a series of photographs that did not contain

Jupiter-sized planet found

BY ELIZABETH HIMWICH CONTRIBUTING REPORTER

their interrogator. When shown video clips containing either weapons, familiar faces or both, and asked to determine if weapons were present, participants who had been asked leading questions were more inclined to make wrongful identifications of faces and weapons than those who were not.

Madelon Baranoski NUR ’74, an associate professor of law and psychiatry at Yale who was not involved with the study, added that participants might be more likely to believe misinformation delivered by credible sources such as psychiatric researchers. She said future research should aim to identify other factors, such as gender, that may influence the misinformation effect.

According to Morgan, future studies in this field will address why and how certain people, and not others, are more vulnerable to false memories.

Researchers have confirmed the existence of a Jupiter-sized planet which may have satellites conducive to life.

Earlier this month, researchers with the collaborative group Planet Hunters confirmed with 99.9 percent confidence the discovery of the planet, named PH2 b, in the Milky Way orbiting its star’s habitable zone — a range of distances from the star where Earth-like planets could have liquid water and support life. It also announced 42 new planet candidates, including 20 located in their respective stars’ habitable zones. The results, which can be found on the Planet Hunters website, have been submitted to The Astrophysical Journal.

“The planet PH2 b itself cannot sustain life because it is a gas planet,” said Ji Wang, an astrophysics postdoctoral associate at Yale and lead author of the paper. “But this kind of gas giant usually has many satellites — take Jupiter and Saturn as examples. If the distance of the planet to its star is right, its satellite could be habitable.”

Planet Hunters is a collaborative project designed by Yale University and Zooniverse, an online collection of citizen science projects, that allows citizen scientists to look for exoplanets — plan-

The legal system has really woken up to the idea that eyewitness testimony can actually be a problem.

ets orbiting stars other than the sun — using data from the NASA Kepler space telescope public archives. Volunteers look at star brightness levels, or “light curves,” to search for possible planet transits, as indicated by a dip in brightness when a planet passes in front of the star. Then, project scientists “rule out false positives, and planets can be confirmed,” Wang said. Citizen scientists who contribute to the identification are acknowledged on the website or as coauthors.

“These discoveries highlight the power of eyeballs,” said Meg Schwamb, a Yale astrophysics postdoctoral fellow working with Planet Hunters. “We have 200,000 friends who can look through the data.”

The website’s streamlined interface allows volunteers to analyze a light curve in five to 10 seconds, said Debra Fischer, a Yale professor of astronomy and Planet Hunters co-founder.

“We present data in a way that’s accessible to everyone, and we try hard to show the public what we’re doing and how we’re doing it,” Schwamb said. “We bridge the gap between scientists and nonscientists by bringing them in on the ground level.”

The Kepler public archive releases data that has already been scrutinized by scientists, but Planet Hunters, using

the same data, has found almost double the number of gas giants in the habitable zone.

Fischer said that because of the computational techniques it uses, Kepler finds exoplanets that are “strongly biased toward being closer to their stars” and thus less likely to be in the habitable zone. Planet Hunters, on the other hand, can detect “planets in very wide or longer orbital periods, which have less dips in the light curve from transit,” and which Kepler algorithms overlook, Fischer said.

Nine of the recent planet candidates discussed in Wang’s paper have orbital periods of over 400 days, and most have periods longer than 100 days.

The researchers said the volunteers’ discoveries can help the Kepler team improve its computer algorithms.

“We are entering this era of ‘big data,’” Schwamb said. “We need to find a way to go from gigabytes to terabytes. You can’t use citizen science alone, but machine learning will be much better with input from citizen science. It can ‘train’ an algorithm — this is where citizen science is going.”

The research team presented their Planet Hunters findings to the American Astronomical Society earlier this month.

Contact ELIZABETH HIMWICH at elizabeth.himwich@yale.edu .

ELIZABETH LOFTUS Professor, UC Irvine The research yields crucial implications for law enforcers, who tend to assume accuracy in eyewitness testimony. Morgan emphasized the need to teach law enforcers to ask openended, nonleading questions in interviews to protect witnesses from being potentially misinformed.

But reform seems to be on the way.

“I think that the legal system has really woken up to the idea that eyewitness testimony can actually be a problem, given the recent number of wrongful convictions,” said Elizabeth Loftus, distinguished professor at University of California, Irvine and member of the research team. Loftus mentioned recent efforts under way in New Jersey to educate juries about the malleability of eyewitness memory.

“It’s a slow process, trying to change things in the legal field,” Loftus said. “But if we can save a few innocent people from going to prison, it’s worth all of our attention.”

The study involved 861 participants and lasted for four and a half years.

Contact JENNIFER GERSTEN at jennifer.gersten@yale.edu .

THAO DO/CONTRIBUTING ILLUSTRATOR

KAREN TIAN/ILLUSTRATIONS EDITOR

Engineers fabricate ion channels for commercial use

BY MAREK RAMILO STAFF REPORTER A team of Yale researchers has taken a fundamental cell biology concept and introduced it to the world of microchips and electronic nanotechnology.

Aiming to mimic the function of ion channels embedded within cell membranes, Yale electrical

engineering professor Mark Reed and Weihua Guan GRD ’14 have designed a microscopic semiconductor whose potential applications include small-scale power generation and portable desalination of ocean water. Reed and Guan most recently published their work in the January 2013 issue of Nano Letters.

“The important result is that

we mimic the ionic and electrostatic function of certain types of biological ion channels in an abiotic embodiment in the solid state.

This could well enable many new types of microelectronic or biological interfaces,” Reed said.

Ion channels are proteins on the outer surfaces of cells that create openings through which ions flow; typically, these ions move

MARK REED

Yale researchers have designed a new microscopic semiconductor that imitates biological ion channels, leading to potential applications in small-scale power generation and desalination of ocean water.

from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. There are, however, ways for ions to move against a concentration gradient, such as active transport, which relies on an energy source like ATP molecules to move ions from low to high concentration regions. Reed and Guan sought to replicate this concept artificially by employing a silicon microchip to establish an electric field, allowing them to dictate the flow of ions across a given barrier.

“What we are trying to mimic is both the structural and the functional properties of a cell, especially these ion channels in cell membranes, and trying to modulate the membrane potential, just like how cells modulate their membrane potential to send out signals,” Guan said.

One of the potential applications for this technology, desalination, would involve coding the artificial channel to electronically pull unwanted salt ions, such as sodium and chloride, through an artificial membrane and out of water, as opposed to the physical filtering of water and salt seen in traditional desalination practices.

Additionally, this technology might be able to serve as a charging source, using the charge generated by the resulting ion movement to generate energy for nano- or micro-level structures.

“There’s power that comes out

from the gradient of salt concentration, and if you have this structure or membrane that we have fabricated, place a droplet of saltwater and a droplet of table water, you get power,” Guan said.

What we are trying to mimic is both the structural and functional properties of a cell.

WEIHUA GUAN GRD ’14 Designer, microscopic semiconductor Other researchers interviewed said they think very highly of the concept behind Reed and Guan’s work. Yale biomedical engineering professor Fred Sigworth praised the project for doing “something that hasn’t been possible before.” He cited scientists’ inability to work on a scale small enough to influence ions as a prominent obstacle in previous attempts to develop such technology. Similarly, Rong Fan, biomedical engineering assistant professor at the Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science, called this design “the first example that can really mimic biological ion channels” that he has seen.

Yale associate biomedical engineering professor Tarek Fahmy,

also of the engineering school, voiced his strong approval of the science behind this design, but believes that more work needs to be done in identifying its applications.

“This is a very successful, very exciting new development, but the applications are poised to come.

What you have to keep in mind is that this is not necessarily a breakthrough in technology that has limited us from doing things.

For example, ion exchange membranes are used very widely in the water purification industry. Here, you’re doing the same thing except you’re actually plugging it into the wall, turning on a switch and saying, ‘Start the exchange process,’” Fahmy said.

Further experimentation is needed to validate this technology’s potential in other capacities, such as removing pollutants from water or in biotechnology. Despite this success in recreating an important cell process, Reed said he is skeptical of the possibility of creating artificial cells in the near future, calling the premise “just a bit of science fiction.”

In 2009, Reed won the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Pioneer Award in Nanotechnology.

Contact MAREK RAMILO at marek.ramilo@yale.edu .

Therapy ineffective for opioid addiction

BY EMMA GOLDBERG STAFF REPORTER Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is not an effective way to treat opioid dependence, according to a study conducted by researchers at the Yale School of Medicine.

In a surprise finding, a team of seven researchers reported that CBT — which typically involves a therapist working directly with a patient to overcome addiction — does not offer significant benefits when administered to patients already on medication. The study, published online in The American Journal of Medicine, evaluated patients being treated with buprenorphine, the drug most often prescribed to treat substance abuse. The findings contrasted with earlier studies showing improved outcomes for patients undergoing treatments that included CBT in addition to medication.

“This study found that CBT did not improve the effectiveness of standard office-based buprenorphine maintenance treatment in a selected population of opioid-dependent patients,” said Yale professor of psychiatry Richard Schottenfeld ’71 GRD ’76, who coauthored the study.

The researchers evaluated the impact of cognitive behavioral therapy by conducting a clinical trial involving 141 opioid-dependent patients. The patients were divided into two groups — one group received buprenorphine treatment under the care of a physician, while the other received both buprenorphine and therapy. Results showed patients receiving therapy did not show a greater reduction in

opioid use than those receiving only medication.

The study’s lead author, Yale School of Medicine professor David Fiellin, said in a January press release that the study could have significant implications for the field of substance abuse treatment. CBT had previously been considered an important element of addiction treatment, but no previous studies had evaluated its impact when paired with buprenorphine.

“This is good news in many ways,” Schottenfeld said in an email to the News. “It means that many patients obtain great benefits of standard, office-based buprenorphine/naloxone maintenance treatment without needing additional CBT counseling, which would be difficult and costly to provide to all patients.”

The study does not suggest that CBT is entirely ineffective, according to Yale associate research scientist in psychiatry Brent Moore, who co-authored the study. Moore said it is possible CBT did offer benefits to some of the opioid-dependent patients, but its impact might have been too statistically small to affect the study findings.

“CBT is certainly better than nothing at all in terms of treatment,” Moore said. “Our study simply shows that it does not have an additive effect for patients on medication.”

Having demonstrated that CBT is not a significantly beneficial additive treatment, the team of researchers said they hope to explore whether other adjunctive treatments can be added to buprenorphine to improve patients’ experiences recovering from addiction. Schottenfeld said that although standard medica-

tions are effective, the researchers hope to identify ways that treatments can be improved so that patients recover more quickly.

“There is still considerable room for improvement, even in the population studied, since many patients did remain in treatment,” Schottenfeld said. “Whether other approaches to counseling or psychosocial interventions … can improve the effectiveness of standard treatment or whether CBT improves the effectiveness of the treatment with other patient populations are important areas for further research.”

The study was funded by grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse.

Contact EMMA GOLDBERG at emma.goldberg@yale.edu .

DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION/CREATIVE COMMONS

A combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and medication did not treat opioid dependence more effectively than just medication.

THALYANA SMITH-VIKOS

Flu virus ‘tells time’ to cause infection The flu virus has been spreading across the United States this winter and continues to hospitalize thousands of people.

Many individuals still remain unvaccinated in the wake of this outbreak, but scientists have discovered new information regarding influenza that could improve current vaccine technologies and provide alternatives to anti-viral drugs.

According to researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York, the flu virus has an “internal clock,” which helps the virus to determine the exact amount of time it should remain in a human cell to cause infection. Study leader Benjamin tenOever and colleagues have found a way to manipulate this internal clock to prevent the virus from multiplying inside human cells and ultimately transmitting itself from person to person.

Scientists already knew that the flu has a weapon — an abundant protein called NonStructural Protein 1 (NS1), which is used to disarm the cell during infection. Mt. Sinai researchers observed that even a reduced amount of the NS1 protein still allowed the virus to stop the cell’s defense against it. Professor tenOever hypothesized that influenza produces large quantities of NS1 because its production is coupled with the process of creating another protein, Nuclear Export Protein (NEP), which might actually be the main protein the virus needs to infect cells.

The researchers designed a new virus that produced much more NEP, and they saw that the virus enters the cell and goes into the nucleus to make copies of itself as it should.

However, rather than taking the normal eight hours to make millions of copies of itself and then move to the next cell, the virus was prematurely leaving the cell after only two to three hours. This did not provide the virus enough time to get all the necessary resources in place to elicit an infection. The scientists then took the opposite approach and designed a virus that produced very low quantities of NEP. Because NEP was accumulating too slowly, the virus now took even longer to leave the cell — instead of getting ready to leave after eight hours, it took 10 to 12 hours. This was just enough time for the immune response to kick in and destroy the virus.

So, the flu virus has a mechanism to “tell time” in order to make enough copies of itself inside each cell to cause infection before getting caught by the immune system. If the virus wants to know how long it has been in the cell, it just needs to know the concentration of the NEP protein. Once NEP reaches a certain concentration, the virus knows it’s time to leave, and NEP helps the flu’s exit strategy by exporting the virus from the nucleus to the cytoplasm to leave the cell — hence the name “Nuclear Export Protein.”

Although the applications of this research may be years away from clinical trials, there is still much excitement to immediately begin developing new technologies. Scientists will use these findings to design alternatives to anti-viral drugs like Tamiflu.

Researchers have said that the previously disregarded NEP protein, which acts as a “viral clock signal,” is actually an important drug target. Creating a drug that would artificially make the virus tell time too slowly would allow the virus to linger in the cell long enough for the immune system to respond.

This research will also be important for producing influenza vaccines. Currently, individuals can either receive a shot or a nasal spray vaccine. While the nasal spray vaccine is thought to work better, it is only FDAapproved for people ages 2–49 because the spray delivers a live but weakened virus that can still cause symptoms in immunocompromised individuals.

If a spray vaccine instead delivered a virus with a defective “clock,” even compromised immune systems, such as those found in very young and very elderly individuals, would be able to destroy the virus since their bodies would have enough time to prevent infection symptoms, according to tenOever. The flu has been a particularly infectious strain this winter and has already resulted in a full-on epidemic along the East Coast. However, the flu vaccine is very accurate this year — the vaccine always contains two strains of the virus, H1N1 and H3N2, and this winter’s predominant circulating strain is H3N2, which tends to be much less variable and easier to predict for developing a vaccine.

The problem remains that not enough people are getting vaccinated, making it all too easy for the H3N2 strain to circle through the population. Vaccinated individuals may still develop some symptoms, but these will certainly be less severe than if they were not vaccinated. With reports from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of under 50 percent of Americans getting vaccinated this season, protecting oneself from the flu should no longer be a personal choice. Communities need to take the initiative to provide accessible options for everyone to receive a flu vaccination.

THALYANA SMITH-VIKOS is a Ph.D. student in the Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department. Contact her at thalyana.smith-vikos@yale.edu .

PAGE 8

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 22, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 22, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 9

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

“If you wish to make an apple pie from scratch, you must first invent the universe.”

CARL SAGAN AMERICAN ASTROPHYSICIST, COSMOLOGIST AND AUTHOR

Stressful memories malleable

BY JENNIFER GERSTEN CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Memories of stressful events can seem indelible. Recollections of discomfort, behavior and surroundings are recorded with piercingly sharp detail, causing many a sleepless night.

But a study released December in the International Journal of Law and Psychiatry suggests that memories formed under intense stress are more malleable than initially thought.

The research reveals that recent traumatic memories are susceptible to the effects of visual misinformation, even in individuals experienced with handling stress.

“People assume ‘Oh, that wouldn’t happen to me,’” said Charles A. Morgan III GRD ’96, associate clinical professor of psychiatry at the Yale School of Medicine and lead author of the study. “But [memory distortion] really does occur, and it can happen very quickly.”

The study was conducted at a military survival school during the prisoner-of-war phase, in which active duty personnel are exposed to stressful situations mimicking the experiences of wartime prisoners. Following training, students were privately interrogated about their experiences. In the first phase, they were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding the appearance of the interrogator and the interrogation chamber.

Participants in the control group received questionnaires with “nonleading” questions, or questions that did not suggest possible answers — for example, “Was there a telephone in the room?” Experimental group participants received “leading” questions — for example, “What color was the telephone?” which falsely suggests that a telephone was present in the room.

Despite the absence of a telephone, 98 percent of those who answered leading questions endorsed the presence of a telephone in the room, compared with 10 percent who answered nonleading questions. Morgan said that participants exposed to questions implying misinformation were more likely, in each category tested, to endorse false memories.

“There is an assumption by the jury and clinicians that if an event was recent and highly stressful, you will never forget it,” he added. “But the way you ask your questions might change what people have to say.”

Participants in experimental groups were also asked to select an image of their interrogator from a series of photographs that did not contain

Jupiter-sized planet found

BY ELIZABETH HIMWICH CONTRIBUTING REPORTER

their interrogator. When shown video clips containing either weapons, familiar faces or both, and asked to determine if weapons were present, participants who had been asked leading questions were more inclined to make wrongful identifications of faces and weapons than those who were not.

Madelon Baranoski NUR ’74, an associate professor of law and psychiatry at Yale who was not involved with the study, added that participants might be more likely to believe misinformation delivered by credible sources such as psychiatric researchers. She said future research should aim to identify other factors, such as gender, that may influence the misinformation effect.

According to Morgan, future studies in this field will address why and how certain people, and not others, are more vulnerable to false memories.

Researchers have confirmed the existence of a Jupiter-sized planet which may have satellites conducive to life.

Earlier this month, researchers with the collaborative group Planet Hunters confirmed with 99.9 percent confidence the discovery of the planet, named PH2 b, in the Milky Way orbiting its star’s habitable zone — a range of distances from the star where Earth-like planets could have liquid water and support life. It also announced 42 new planet candidates, including 20 located in their respective stars’ habitable zones. The results, which can be found on the Planet Hunters website, have been submitted to The Astrophysical Journal.

“The planet PH2 b itself cannot sustain life because it is a gas planet,” said Ji Wang, an astrophysics postdoctoral associate at Yale and lead author of the paper. “But this kind of gas giant usually has many satellites — take Jupiter and Saturn as examples. If the distance of the planet to its star is right, its satellite could be habitable.”

Planet Hunters is a collaborative project designed by Yale University and Zooniverse, an online collection of citizen science projects, that allows citizen scientists to look for exoplanets — plan-

The legal system has really woken up to the idea that eyewitness testimony can actually be a problem.

ets orbiting stars other than the sun — using data from the NASA Kepler space telescope public archives. Volunteers look at star brightness levels, or “light curves,” to search for possible planet transits, as indicated by a dip in brightness when a planet passes in front of the star. Then, project scientists “rule out false positives, and planets can be confirmed,” Wang said. Citizen scientists who contribute to the identification are acknowledged on the website or as coauthors.

“These discoveries highlight the power of eyeballs,” said Meg Schwamb, a Yale astrophysics postdoctoral fellow working with Planet Hunters. “We have 200,000 friends who can look through the data.”

The website’s streamlined interface allows volunteers to analyze a light curve in five to 10 seconds, said Debra Fischer, a Yale professor of astronomy and Planet Hunters co-founder.

“We present data in a way that’s accessible to everyone, and we try hard to show the public what we’re doing and how we’re doing it,” Schwamb said. “We bridge the gap between scientists and nonscientists by bringing them in on the ground level.”

The Kepler public archive releases data that has already been scrutinized by scientists, but Planet Hunters, using

the same data, has found almost double the number of gas giants in the habitable zone.

Fischer said that because of the computational techniques it uses, Kepler finds exoplanets that are “strongly biased toward being closer to their stars” and thus less likely to be in the habitable zone. Planet Hunters, on the other hand, can detect “planets in very wide or longer orbital periods, which have less dips in the light curve from transit,” and which Kepler algorithms overlook, Fischer said.

Nine of the recent planet candidates discussed in Wang’s paper have orbital periods of over 400 days, and most have periods longer than 100 days.

The researchers said the volunteers’ discoveries can help the Kepler team improve its computer algorithms.

“We are entering this era of ‘big data,’” Schwamb said. “We need to find a way to go from gigabytes to terabytes. You can’t use citizen science alone, but machine learning will be much better with input from citizen science. It can ‘train’ an algorithm — this is where citizen science is going.”

The research team presented their Planet Hunters findings to the American Astronomical Society earlier this month.

Contact ELIZABETH HIMWICH at elizabeth.himwich@yale.edu .

ELIZABETH LOFTUS Professor, UC Irvine The research yields crucial implications for law enforcers, who tend to assume accuracy in eyewitness testimony. Morgan emphasized the need to teach law enforcers to ask openended, nonleading questions in interviews to protect witnesses from being potentially misinformed.

But reform seems to be on the way.

“I think that the legal system has really woken up to the idea that eyewitness testimony can actually be a problem, given the recent number of wrongful convictions,” said Elizabeth Loftus, distinguished professor at University of California, Irvine and member of the research team. Loftus mentioned recent efforts under way in New Jersey to educate juries about the malleability of eyewitness memory.

“It’s a slow process, trying to change things in the legal field,” Loftus said. “But if we can save a few innocent people from going to prison, it’s worth all of our attention.”

The study involved 861 participants and lasted for four and a half years.

Contact JENNIFER GERSTEN at jennifer.gersten@yale.edu .

THAO DO/CONTRIBUTING ILLUSTRATOR

KAREN TIAN/ILLUSTRATIONS EDITOR

Engineers fabricate ion channels for commercial use

BY MAREK RAMILO STAFF REPORTER A team of Yale researchers has taken a fundamental cell biology concept and introduced it to the world of microchips and electronic nanotechnology.

Aiming to mimic the function of ion channels embedded within cell membranes, Yale electrical

engineering professor Mark Reed and Weihua Guan GRD ’14 have designed a microscopic semiconductor whose potential applications include small-scale power generation and portable desalination of ocean water. Reed and Guan most recently published their work in the January 2013 issue of Nano Letters.

“The important result is that

we mimic the ionic and electrostatic function of certain types of biological ion channels in an abiotic embodiment in the solid state.

This could well enable many new types of microelectronic or biological interfaces,” Reed said.

Ion channels are proteins on the outer surfaces of cells that create openings through which ions flow; typically, these ions move

MARK REED

Yale researchers have designed a new microscopic semiconductor that imitates biological ion channels, leading to potential applications in small-scale power generation and desalination of ocean water.

from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. There are, however, ways for ions to move against a concentration gradient, such as active transport, which relies on an energy source like ATP molecules to move ions from low to high concentration regions. Reed and Guan sought to replicate this concept artificially by employing a silicon microchip to establish an electric field, allowing them to dictate the flow of ions across a given barrier.

“What we are trying to mimic is both the structural and the functional properties of a cell, especially these ion channels in cell membranes, and trying to modulate the membrane potential, just like how cells modulate their membrane potential to send out signals,” Guan said.

One of the potential applications for this technology, desalination, would involve coding the artificial channel to electronically pull unwanted salt ions, such as sodium and chloride, through an artificial membrane and out of water, as opposed to the physical filtering of water and salt seen in traditional desalination practices.

Additionally, this technology might be able to serve as a charging source, using the charge generated by the resulting ion movement to generate energy for nano- or micro-level structures.

“There’s power that comes out

from the gradient of salt concentration, and if you have this structure or membrane that we have fabricated, place a droplet of saltwater and a droplet of table water, you get power,” Guan said.

What we are trying to mimic is both the structural and functional properties of a cell.

WEIHUA GUAN GRD ’14 Designer, microscopic semiconductor Other researchers interviewed said they think very highly of the concept behind Reed and Guan’s work. Yale biomedical engineering professor Fred Sigworth praised the project for doing “something that hasn’t been possible before.” He cited scientists’ inability to work on a scale small enough to influence ions as a prominent obstacle in previous attempts to develop such technology. Similarly, Rong Fan, biomedical engineering assistant professor at the Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science, called this design “the first example that can really mimic biological ion channels” that he has seen.

Yale associate biomedical engineering professor Tarek Fahmy,

also of the engineering school, voiced his strong approval of the science behind this design, but believes that more work needs to be done in identifying its applications.

“This is a very successful, very exciting new development, but the applications are poised to come.

What you have to keep in mind is that this is not necessarily a breakthrough in technology that has limited us from doing things.

For example, ion exchange membranes are used very widely in the water purification industry. Here, you’re doing the same thing except you’re actually plugging it into the wall, turning on a switch and saying, ‘Start the exchange process,’” Fahmy said.

Further experimentation is needed to validate this technology’s potential in other capacities, such as removing pollutants from water or in biotechnology. Despite this success in recreating an important cell process, Reed said he is skeptical of the possibility of creating artificial cells in the near future, calling the premise “just a bit of science fiction.”

In 2009, Reed won the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Pioneer Award in Nanotechnology.

Contact MAREK RAMILO at marek.ramilo@yale.edu .

Therapy ineffective for opioid addiction

BY EMMA GOLDBERG STAFF REPORTER Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is not an effective way to treat opioid dependence, according to a study conducted by researchers at the Yale School of Medicine.

In a surprise finding, a team of seven researchers reported that CBT — which typically involves a therapist working directly with a patient to overcome addiction — does not offer significant benefits when administered to patients already on medication. The study, published online in The American Journal of Medicine, evaluated patients being treated with buprenorphine, the drug most often prescribed to treat substance abuse. The findings contrasted with earlier studies showing improved outcomes for patients undergoing treatments that included CBT in addition to medication.

“This study found that CBT did not improve the effectiveness of standard office-based buprenorphine maintenance treatment in a selected population of opioid-dependent patients,” said Yale professor of psychiatry Richard Schottenfeld ’71 GRD ’76, who coauthored the study.

The researchers evaluated the impact of cognitive behavioral therapy by conducting a clinical trial involving 141 opioid-dependent patients. The patients were divided into two groups — one group received buprenorphine treatment under the care of a physician, while the other received both buprenorphine and therapy. Results showed patients receiving therapy did not show a greater reduction in

opioid use than those receiving only medication.

The study’s lead author, Yale School of Medicine professor David Fiellin, said in a January press release that the study could have significant implications for the field of substance abuse treatment. CBT had previously been considered an important element of addiction treatment, but no previous studies had evaluated its impact when paired with buprenorphine.

“This is good news in many ways,” Schottenfeld said in an email to the News. “It means that many patients obtain great benefits of standard, office-based buprenorphine/naloxone maintenance treatment without needing additional CBT counseling, which would be difficult and costly to provide to all patients.”

The study does not suggest that CBT is entirely ineffective, according to Yale associate research scientist in psychiatry Brent Moore, who co-authored the study. Moore said it is possible CBT did offer benefits to some of the opioid-dependent patients, but its impact might have been too statistically small to affect the study findings.

“CBT is certainly better than nothing at all in terms of treatment,” Moore said. “Our study simply shows that it does not have an additive effect for patients on medication.”

Having demonstrated that CBT is not a significantly beneficial additive treatment, the team of researchers said they hope to explore whether other adjunctive treatments can be added to buprenorphine to improve patients’ experiences recovering from addiction. Schottenfeld said that although standard medica-

tions are effective, the researchers hope to identify ways that treatments can be improved so that patients recover more quickly.

“There is still considerable room for improvement, even in the population studied, since many patients did remain in treatment,” Schottenfeld said. “Whether other approaches to counseling or psychosocial interventions … can improve the effectiveness of standard treatment or whether CBT improves the effectiveness of the treatment with other patient populations are important areas for further research.”

The study was funded by grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse.

Contact EMMA GOLDBERG at emma.goldberg@yale.edu .

DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION/CREATIVE COMMONS

A combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and medication did not treat opioid dependence more effectively than just medication.

THALYANA SMITH-VIKOS

Flu virus ‘tells time’ to cause infection The flu virus has been spreading across the United States this winter and continues to hospitalize thousands of people.

Many individuals still remain unvaccinated in the wake of this outbreak, but scientists have discovered new information regarding influenza that could improve current vaccine technologies and provide alternatives to anti-viral drugs.

According to researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York, the flu virus has an “internal clock,” which helps the virus to determine the exact amount of time it should remain in a human cell to cause infection. Study leader Benjamin tenOever and colleagues have found a way to manipulate this internal clock to prevent the virus from multiplying inside human cells and ultimately transmitting itself from person to person.

Scientists already knew that the flu has a weapon — an abundant protein called NonStructural Protein 1 (NS1), which is used to disarm the cell during infection. Mt. Sinai researchers observed that even a reduced amount of the NS1 protein still allowed the virus to stop the cell’s defense against it. Professor tenOever hypothesized that influenza produces large quantities of NS1 because its production is coupled with the process of creating another protein, Nuclear Export Protein (NEP), which might actually be the main protein the virus needs to infect cells.

The researchers designed a new virus that produced much more NEP, and they saw that the virus enters the cell and goes into the nucleus to make copies of itself as it should.

However, rather than taking the normal eight hours to make millions of copies of itself and then move to the next cell, the virus was prematurely leaving the cell after only two to three hours. This did not provide the virus enough time to get all the necessary resources in place to elicit an infection. The scientists then took the opposite approach and designed a virus that produced very low quantities of NEP. Because NEP was accumulating too slowly, the virus now took even longer to leave the cell — instead of getting ready to leave after eight hours, it took 10 to 12 hours. This was just enough time for the immune response to kick in and destroy the virus.

So, the flu virus has a mechanism to “tell time” in order to make enough copies of itself inside each cell to cause infection before getting caught by the immune system. If the virus wants to know how long it has been in the cell, it just needs to know the concentration of the NEP protein. Once NEP reaches a certain concentration, the virus knows it’s time to leave, and NEP helps the flu’s exit strategy by exporting the virus from the nucleus to the cytoplasm to leave the cell — hence the name “Nuclear Export Protein.”

Although the applications of this research may be years away from clinical trials, there is still much excitement to immediately begin developing new technologies. Scientists will use these findings to design alternatives to anti-viral drugs like Tamiflu.

Researchers have said that the previously disregarded NEP protein, which acts as a “viral clock signal,” is actually an important drug target. Creating a drug that would artificially make the virus tell time too slowly would allow the virus to linger in the cell long enough for the immune system to respond.

This research will also be important for producing influenza vaccines. Currently, individuals can either receive a shot or a nasal spray vaccine. While the nasal spray vaccine is thought to work better, it is only FDAapproved for people ages 2–49 because the spray delivers a live but weakened virus that can still cause symptoms in immunocompromised individuals.

If a spray vaccine instead delivered a virus with a defective “clock,” even compromised immune systems, such as those found in very young and very elderly individuals, would be able to destroy the virus since their bodies would have enough time to prevent infection symptoms, according to tenOever. The flu has been a particularly infectious strain this winter and has already resulted in a full-on epidemic along the East Coast. However, the flu vaccine is very accurate this year — the vaccine always contains two strains of the virus, H1N1 and H3N2, and this winter’s predominant circulating strain is H3N2, which tends to be much less variable and easier to predict for developing a vaccine.

The problem remains that not enough people are getting vaccinated, making it all too easy for the H3N2 strain to circle through the population. Vaccinated individuals may still develop some symptoms, but these will certainly be less severe than if they were not vaccinated. With reports from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of under 50 percent of Americans getting vaccinated this season, protecting oneself from the flu should no longer be a personal choice. Communities need to take the initiative to provide accessible options for everyone to receive a flu vaccination.

THALYANA SMITH-VIKOS is a Ph.D. student in the Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department. Contact her at thalyana.smith-vikos@yale.edu .

PAGE 10

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 22, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

AROUND THE IVIES

“Forgive me if I don’t have the words. Maybe I can sing it and you’ll understand.” ELLA FITZGERALD AMERICAN SINGER KNOWN AS THE “QUEEN OF JAZZ”

THE DARTMOUTH

T H E H A R VA R D C R I M S O N

Online courses considered

Band director to step down

BY STEPHANIE MCFEETERS STAFF WRITER Online learning tools are revolutionizing higher education, and universities across the nation are facing pressure to decide if and how they will join the movement, according to for-profit online education company Coursera co-founder Daphne Koller. Introducing online courses could showcase Dartmouth’s educational offerings and improve students’ traditional learning experiences, according to Joshua Kim, director of learning and technology for the Master of Health Care Delivery Science Program.

Advances in information technology could help Dartmouth reach a global audience, increase faculty and student engagement, provide feedback about student learning methods and introduce new modes of collaboration, according to College President-elect Philip Hanlon, who sits on Coursera’s advisory board.

When considering how to implement new online technologies, administrators must reflect on the College’s institutional goals, which include providing an intimate education experience, Kim said.

It’s really appropriate for Dartmouth to think hard about how we want to participate in this larger education movement.

PHILIP HANLON President-elect, Dartmouth “We’re somewhat different, so it’s really appropriate for Dartmouth to think hard about how we want to participate in this larger education movement,” he said.

The College is approaching the trend cautiously, according to classics professor Roger Ulrich, a member of a newly formed committee organized by the Provost’s Office to examine opportunities for online learning at Dartmouth.

Jazz Bands and began t e a c h i n g H a rvard’s first jazz course fo r academic credit HARVARD through the Extension School. The course, called “The Jazz Tradition,” was later moved to the Faculty of Arts and Sciences.

BY GINA HACKETT STAFF WRITER

YOMALIS ROSARIO / THE DARTMOUTH

Advances in Dartmouth’s use of educational technology could introduce new modes of collaboration, according to President-elect Philip Hanlon.

The College considers itself a “hightouch” learning environment, and values student-faculty interaction, Ulrich said. AdminDARTMOUTH istrators aim to use technology to enhance classroom experiences.

Hanlon said that information technology has the potential to improve the College’s undergraduate offerings.

“I don’t view them as backing away from the kind of great education Dartmouth has always offered — I view it as enhancing that,” Hanlon said.

MOOCs, or massive open online courses, provide a new format for learn-

ing and allow universities to reach audiences much larger than traditionally possible, according to Kim. Brown University, Columbia University and the University of Pennsylvania have partnered with Coursera, while Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology created an online education partnership known as edX. Online courses provide students who normally would not be able to attend a university the chance to take college-level classes for free, according to Brown professor Philip Klein, who is currently preparing an online course titled “Coding the Matrix: Linear Algebra through Computer Science Applications,” which will launch through Coursera in June.

After single-handedly introducing jazz to Harvard’s campus more than four decades ago and fostering innovative student musicianship through his 42 years of service, Thomas G. Everett will retire on Feb. 15 from his post as director of Harvard Bands.

“He is basically the reason there was jazz here at Harvard for as long as it has been,” said African-American Music professor Ingrid T. Monson. “It’s hard to imagine Harvard jazz without him.”

Everett arrived at Harvard in 1971 to manage the student-run Harvard University Band, which performs at Harvard athletic contests and University events.

At the time, the campus musical scene he encountered was dominated by Western classical music, according to Jack Megan, director of the Office for the Arts.

Jazz, Everett immediately noticed, was strangely absent from campus.

“The Department of Music at Harvard was renowned for developing composers, musicologists and theorists, but had not embraced more music of the people, music with social connotations, in the sense of popular American music and jazz,” Everett said. “I just felt that this was significant music — how could an educated person from one of the greatest institutions in the world graduate without some exposure?”

In an effort to fill the gap, Everett founded the Harvard

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It’s hard to imagine Harvard jazz without [Everett].

INGRID T. MONSON Professor of African-American music, Harvard University Everett also pioneered the Jazz Masters in Residence program, which brought a famous jazz musician to campus each semester to direct and collaborate with students. In the past, jazz masters in residence have included Maxwell “Max” Roach, Eddie Palmieri and Benny Golson.

“I think he changed the culture of music at Harvard in some respects,” Megan said. “Bringing these great jazz musicians to Harvard was an enormous influence for our students and a signal that Harvard is interested in jazz. He made a lot of students feel that they ought to be playing jazz [and] made faculty think that it ought to be part of the curriculum.”

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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 22, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

NATION

T S

ATLANTA — Commemorative events for the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. slid seamlessly into celebrations of the swearing-in Monday of the nation’s first black president, with many Americans moved by the reminder of how far the country has come since the 1960s.

“This is the dream that Dr. King talked about in his speech. We see history in the making,” said Joyce Oliver, who observed King Day by visiting the National Civil Rights Museum in Memphis, Tenn., built on the site of the old Lorraine Motel, where King was assassinated in 1968.

In Atlanta, at the 45th annual service for the civil rights leader at the church where he was pastor, those gathered in the sanctuary were invited to stay to watch President Barack Obama’s second inauguration on a big-screen TV. As the nearly three-hour service closed at Ebenezer Baptist Church, organizers suggested forgoing the traditional singing of “We Shall Overcome” because the inauguration would begin.

But the crowd shouted protests, so the choir and congregation sang the civil rights anthem before settling in to watch the events in Washington.

In the nation’s capital, dozens took pictures of the King statue before walking to the National Mall for the inauguration.

Nicole Hailey, 34, drove all night with her family from Monroe, N.C. She attended Obama’s first inauguration four years ago and was carrying a commemorative Metro ticket from that day with Obama’s face on it.

She and her family visited the King memorial before the swearing-in.

“It’s Martin Luther King’s special day,” she said. “We’re just celebrating freedom.”

At the ceremonial inauguration, Obama took the oath on a Bible once owned by King. He called it “a great

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MLK honored on Inauguration Day

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PAGE 11

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Brothers to coach Super Bowl

privilege.” The King Bible was one of two used; the other had belonged to Abraham Lincoln.

In Columbia, S.C., civil rights leaders paused during their annual King Day rally to watch the inauguration on a big screen. Most of the crowd of several hundred stayed to watch Obama’s address.

“You feel like anything is possible,” Jelin Cunningham, a 15-year-old black girl, said of Obama’s presidency. “I’ve learned words alone can’t hurt or stop you, because there have been so many hateful things said about him over the past four years.”

If it were not for Dr. King … we would not be celebrating this presidency.

BERNICE KING Daughter of Martin Luther King Jr. At the Atlanta service, King’s youngest daughter, Bernice King, said the country had been through a difficult year, with divisive elections, military conflicts and natural disasters.

“We pray that this day will be the beginning of a new day in America,” she said. “It will be a day when people draw inspiration from the life and legacy of Martin Luther King Jr. It will be a day when people realize and recognize that if it were not for Dr. King and those who fought the fight fought in that movement, we would not be celebrating this presidency.”

She stressed her father’s commitment to nonviolence, saying that after the 1956 bombing of the family’s home in Montgomery, Ala., her father stood on the porch and urged an angry, armed crowd to fight with Christian love — not guns.

PATRICK SEMANSKY/ASSOCIATED PRESS

The Harbaughs will be the first pair of brothers to coach against each other in the NFL title game.

BY JANIE MCCAULEY ASSOCIATED PRESS SANTA CLARA, Calif. — Jim and John Harbaugh have exchanged a handful of text messages, and plan to leave it at that. No phone conversations necessary while the season’s still going. No time for pleasantries, even for the friendly siblings.

There is work to be done to prepare for the Super Bowl, prepare for each other, prepare for a history-making day already being widely hyped as “Harbowl” or “Superbaugh” depending which nickname you prefer.

“It doesn’t matter who the coach is, what relationship you have with the person on the other side,” 49ers coach Jim Harbaugh said so matterof-factly Monday afternoon.

Their parents sure aren’t picking sides for the Feb. 3 matchup in New Orleans.

These days, the Harbaughs’ longtime coaching father, Jack, stays away from game-planning chatter or strategy sessions with his Super Bowl-

bound coaching sons. Baltimore’s John Harbaugh and little brother Jim have been doing this long enough now to no longer need dad’s input.

Yet, they still regularly seek it.

And, their father does offer one basic mantra: “Get ahead, stay ahead.”

“Probably the greatest advice that I’ve ever been given and the only advice that I’ve ever found to be true in all of coaching, I think we mentioned it to both John and Jim … the coaching advice is, ‘Get ahead, stay ahead,’” Jack Harbaugh said.

“If I’m called upon, I’ll repeat that same message.”

His boys still call home regularly to check in with the man who turned both on to the coaching profession years ago, and the mother who has handled everything behind the scenes for decades in a highly competitive, sports-crazed family — with all the routine sports clichés to show for it.

The Harbaugh brothers will become the first siblings to square off from opposite sidelines when their teams play for the NFL championship

at the Superdome.

Not that they’re too keen on playing up the storyline that has no chance of going away as hard as they try.

“Well, I think it’s a blessing and a curse,” Jim Harbaugh said Monday. “A blessing because that is my brother’s team. And, also, personally I played for the Ravens. Great respect for their organization. … The curse part would be the talk of two brothers playing in the Super Bowl and what that takes away from the players that are in the game. Every moment that you’re talking about myself or John, that’s less time that the players are going to be talked about.”

Both men love history, just not the kind with them making it.

“I like reading a lot of history. … I guess it’s pretty neat,” John Harbaugh offered Monday. “But is it really going to be written about? It’s not exactly like Churchill and Roosevelt or anything. It’s pretty cool, but that’s as far as it goes.”

Nice try, guys.

PAGE 12

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 22, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

WORLD

“You can’t let your past hold your future hostage.” LL COOL J AMERICAN RAPPER, ENTREPRENEUR AND ACTOR

3 Americans die in Algeria

BY BRADLEY KLAPPER ASSOCIATED PRESS WASHINGTON — Three U.S. citizens were killed in last week’s hostage standoff at a natural gas complex in Algeria, while seven Americans made it out safely, Obama administration officials said Monday.

The State Department confirmed that gas workers Victor Lynn Lovelady of Houston, Texas, and Gordon Lee Rowan were killed at the Ain Amenas field in the Sahara. U.S. officials identified Texas resident Frederick Buttaccio as the first death last week.

“I’m glad we were able to get some rescued, but we did lose three Americans,” Defense Secretary Leon Panetta said as he was leaving the Capitol, where he attended President Barack Obama’s second inauguration. “That just tells us that al-Qaida is committed to creating terror wherever they are and we’ve got to fight back.”

A U.S. official had told The Associated Press earlier Monday that the FBI had recovered Lovelady’s and Rowan’s bodies and notified their families.

The official had no details on how the Americans died, and their hometowns were not released.

Militants who attacked Ain Amenas had offered to release Lovelady and Rowan in exchange for the freedom of two prominent terror suspects jailed in the United States: Omar Abdel Rahman, a blind sheik convicted of plotting to blow up New York City landmarks and considered the spiritual leader of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, and Aafia Siddiqui, a Pakistani scientist convicted of shooting at two U.S. soldiers in Afghanistan.

The Obama administration rejected the offer outright.

State Department spokeswoman

Israelis head to the polls

Victoria Nuland said the U.S. was still working with Algeria’s government to gain a fuller understanding of the attack and to enhance their counterterrorism cooperation in future.

“We extend our deepest condolences to their families and friends,” she said in a statement. “The blame for this tragedy rests with the terrorists who carried it out, and the United States condemns their actions in the strongest possible terms.”

Al-Qaida is committed to creating terror wherever they are and we’ve got to fight back.

ODED BALILTY/ASSOCIATED PRESS

LEON PANETTA Secretary, U.S. Department of Defense Last week’s desert siege began Wednesday when Mali-based, alQaida-linked militants attempted to hijack two buses at the plant, were repelled, and then seized the gas refinery. They said the attack was retaliation for France’s recent military intervention against Islamist rebels in neighboring Mali, but the captured militants told Algerian officials it took two months to plan.

Five Americans had been taken out of the country before Saturday’s final assault by Algerian forces against the militants.

The U.S. official said the remaining two Americans survived the four-day crisis at an insecure oil rig at the facility. They were flown out to London on Saturday.

The State Department’s Nuland confirmed that seven Americans made it out safely, but said she couldn’t provide further details because of privacy considerations.

Israelis wait for transportation under campaign ads for Israeli Prime Minister and Likud Party leader Benjamin Netanyahu.

BY DAN PERRY AND JOSEF FEDERMAN ASSOCIATED PRESS JERUSALEM — Benjamin Netanyahu seems poised for re-election as Israel’s prime minister in Tuesday’s voting, the result of the failure of his opponents to unite behind a viable candidate against him — and the fact that most Israelis no longer seem to believe it’s possible to reach a peace settlement with the Palestinians.

The widely held assumption of a victory by Netanyahu comes despite his grim record: there is no peace process, there is growing diplomatic isolation and a slowing economy, and his main ally has been forced to step down as foreign minister because of corruption allegations.

Even so, Netanyahu has managed to convince many Israelis that he offers a respectable choice by projecting experience, toughness and great powers of communication in both native Hebrew and flawless

American English.

He was also handed a gift by the opposition. Persistent squabbling by main figures divided among main parties in the moderate camp has made this the first election in decades without two clear opposing candidates for prime minister. Even Netanyahu’s opponents have suggested his victory is inevitable.

His rivals are fragmented. He benefits by default.

YOSSI SARID Former Cabinet minister, Israel “His rivals are fragmented,” said Yossi Sarid, a dovish former Cabinet minister who now writes a column for the Haaretz newspaper. “He benefits by default,” he told The Associated Press in an interview.

The confusion and hopelessness that now characterize the issue of peace with the Palestinians has cost the moderates their historical campaign focus.

Many Israelis are disillusioned with the bitter experience of Israel’s unilateral pullout from the Gaza Strip in 2005 that led to years of violence. Others believe Israel’s best possible offers have been made and rejected already, concluding that they cannot meet the Palestinians’ minimal demands.

Former Prime Minister Ehud Olmert has said in 2008 he offered the Palestinians roughly 95 percent of the West Bank, and additional territory from Israel in a “land swap.”

He also said he offered shared control of Jerusalem, including its holy sites. The Palestinians have disputed some of Olmert’s account and suggested they could not close a deal with a leader who was by then a lame duck.

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 22, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 13

SPORTS

Katie Couric will interview Manti Te’o on camera After speaking with ESPN’s Jeremy Schaap for more than two hours off-camera on Friday, Manti Te’o and his family will appear on a segment on Couric’s daytime talk show “Katie.” Te’o continues to deny his involvement in the creation of “Lennay Kekua,” Te’o’s fake online girlfriend who supposedly died in September of leukemia.

The segment will air on Thursday.

Men’s hockey sweeps weekend MEN’S HOCKEY FROM PAGE 14 “It’s a huge sweep for us,” head coach Keith Allain ’80 said. “They are both great teams.”

In front of sell-out crowds, the Bulldogs managed to take an early lead and maintain it in both games. With this weekend’s victories, Yale won its two conference games of the season against Harvard and earned payback for a 7–4 loss to Dartmouth on Nov. 2 and a 2–2 tie on Oct. 26.

Friday night brought Yale’s first shut-out of the season — and there was no better way to earn it than against long-standing rival Harvard. Miller and forward Antoine Laganiere ’13 set the pace early for the Bulldogs with a pair of goals in the first period.

But it was Trent Ruffolo ’15 who stole the show with a career–high two goals, one each in the second and third periods, in only his fifth game back after a shoulder injury side-lined him for a month.

“My line mates did a great job tonight,” Ruffolo said. “I thought we moved the puck well and forced pressure on their defensemen. The whole team established physical play from the beginning, wore their defense down and forced them to create turnovers.”

In the second period, the Crimson had a prime opportu-

nity to score when Laganiere and Colin Dueck ’13 took penalties in quick succession, giving Harvard a five-on-three advantage for over a minute. But Yale’s penalty kill allowed only one shot in that timeframe and Harvard came away emptyhanded.

The Bulldogs outshot the Crimson by a margin of 39–21, and goalie Jeff Malcolm ’13 played well, bolstered by a strong defense.

We battled hard for 60 minutes, and that was the key [against Dartmouth].

JESSE ROOT ’14 Forward, men’s hockey “Malcolm was out in the top of the crease and aggressive in his posture,” Allain said. “You could tell it was going to be a tough night for them to score.”

Yale took a early lead again in Saturday night’s game, but the nearly evenly ranked teams battled to the last minute. Tommy Fallen ’15 and Laganiere scored in the first and second periods to give Yale a comfortable twopoint lead, but Dartmouth got on

Elis dominate Del. St.

the board in the last minute of the second period to pull within one.

Jesse Root ’14 scored two minutes into the third period and Dartmouth responded with a goal at 12:38, setting the score at 3–2.

The Big Green pushed to make up their one-goal deficit but gave Miller the opportunity for the empty-netter when they pulled their goalie for an extra man in the final minutes.

Yale had only two power plays throughout the entire game, but Laganiere and Root managed to capitalize on both of them. This was particularly remarkable against Dartmouth, which has the second most effective penalty kill in the country. The Big Green had let in only four goals on 64 penalties before Saturday’s game.

“Dartmouth kills a ridiculous number of penalties, so scoring two power play goals was really big for us,” Allain said.

Yale’s power play is sixth in the nation, as the team has capitalized on 21 of 91 for a 23.1 percent efficiency.

Dartmouth barely outshot Yale 29–27, and Malcolm stopped 27 of those shots.

“Dartmouth’s a really good team, and that was a huge task for us,” Root said. “It doesn’t sit well with us that we lost 7–4 to them.

We battled hard for 60 minutes,

ALLIE KRAUSE/CONTRUBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Yale has moved into second place in the ECAC standings with 15 points, behind Quinnipiac with 23 points. and that was the key tonight. If we let up at all, it could have easily gone the other way.”

Next weekend, the Bulldogs

will travel to take on No. 16 Cornell (8–7–2, 4–4–2 ECAC) and No. 20 Colgate (11–9–2, 3–6–1 ECAC) for the first time this sea-

son.

Contact LINDSEY UNIAT at lindsey.uniat@yale.edu .

Mixed results at Coxe Cage TRACK FROM PAGE 14 teams exhibited growth and featured impressive individual performances.

“We’re in the middle of a pretty intense phase of our training,” women’s team captain Allison Rue ’13 said. “[But] people still made things happen this weekend.”

The women tallied 45 points, finishing behind Columbia and meet winner Dartmouth. Yet several Bulldog athletes notched individual victories on the day. Emily Urciuoli ’14 won the pole vault, Emily Stark ’16 took the 3,000meter, Shannon McDonnell ’16 captured the victory in the 800-meter and Emily Cable ’15 finished first in the 400-meter.

But perhaps the most exciting moment of the day for the Bulldogs came in the women’s shot put. Although she finished second in the event to Dartmouth’s Emmaline Berg, Karleh Wilson ’16 threw 13.75 meters to break Yale’s school record.

“We came in last, which was disappointing,” Rue said. “But we did present, I think, a stronger force against those two schools than we have in years past,

so we’re building.”

Rue also cautioned against reading into the results of a small, early season meet, as did men’s team captain Tim Hillas ’13.

The men’s team also fell at home this weekend, amassing 59 points to finish behind Dartmouth’s 77.

What we did learn … is that we’ve got a very courageous and competitive team this year.

TIM HILLAS ’13 Captain, men’s track and field “What we did learn … is that we’ve got a very courageous and competitive team this year,” Hillas said. “To see everyone go out there and compete yesterday was truly fantastic.”

While Wilson garnered much excitement for the women’s team, the men’s throwers did not disappoint. Michael Levine ’13 won the weight throw, while

Stefan Palios ’14, Mark Kaczor ’14 and Levine placed second, third and fourth, respectively, in the shot put. Dana Lindberg ’14 took first in the long jump, and Paul Chandler ’14 captured the top spot in the pole vault.

Also of note were the Elis’ performances in the mile and the 3,000. In the former, John McGowan’s ’15 time of 4:08.44 fell 44 hundredths of a second short that of Dartmouth’s John Bleday, who won the 3,000 at the Ivy League Indoor Heptagonal Championships last year. In the 3,000 on Sunday, Bulldog runners placed second, third and fourth.

“To have so many guys up there and competing hard is really fantastic,” Hillas said.

Both the men’s and women’s track and field teams will continue their campaigns next weekend at Boston University’s Terrier Invitational, the Elis’ first meet on the road this season. The women will compete on Friday, while the men will compete on Saturday.

Contact ALEX EPPLER at alexander.eppler@yale.edu .

Bulldogs fall at Brown MARIA ZEPEDA/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR

The women’s tennis team did not lose a single set in its 7–0 win over Delaware State.

W. TENNIS FROM PAGE 14 Captain Elizabeth Epstein ’13 praised the team’s effort, noting especially the strength of the freshmen playing in their first spring competition at Yale.

“We were really excited about the way we performed this weekend,” she said. “Hopefully we can carry this on to Mississippi next weekend. It was great having the freshmen there, as they’ve had a huge impact on our team this year.”

Madeleine Hamilton ’16 was particularly stellar in the No. 1 spot for singles and doubles with Annie Sullivan ’14. Hamilton, who defeated her Delaware singles opponent Ksenia Kozlova 6-1, 6-3 and took the doubles match with Sullivan 8–2, said the match marked a solid start for the Bulldogs.

“As it was our first season opener, it was great to get a win,” Hamilton said. “We got a chance to work on things we’d been practicing for weeks previously and in the past season. We’ve been focusing on approaching every match with a lot of intensity and being very focused throughout, so it was good to start setting a trend for the season.”

In addition to winning the doubles with partner Hamilton, Sullivan recorded an impressive 6-0, 6-0 score at No. 4 singles over Vanja Andonova. Epstein and Ree

Ree Li ’16 added to this perfect score at No. 3 doubles by defeating their opponents 8–0. Both Epstein and Li also comfortably won their singles matches, prevailing 6–2, 6–1 at No. 2 singles and 6–1, 6–1 at No. 5 singles, respectively.

Despite the number of freshmen on the team, Hamilton said they all feel well prepared for the upcoming season.

“We all feel really comfortable and there’s just a lot of excitement,” she said. “The upperclassmen are all really strong leaders and they’ve set a great example.

We’re just looking forward to the season and having the chance to play these big matches.”

Epstein added that given Yale’s success in Ivy League competition over the past few years, the team is now looking to make an impact on the national stage.

“One of our biggest goals is always winning the Ivy League,” she said. “I guess now since we’ve had back-to-back Ivy League titles we’re also looking at the broader picture, which includes making the indoor nationals and going on to the Sweet 16.”

At Mississipi on Sunday, the team will be competing against the host Rebels, Vanderbilt and Illinois for a coveted spot at the ITA National Team Indoor Championships.

Contact JASMINE HORSEY at jasmine.horsey@yale.edu .

MEN’S BASKETBALL FROM PAGE 14 Brown 40–34 and limited the Bears to just seven offensive rebounds. He was less pleased, however, with Yale’s perimeter defense.

“We need to contain penetration and improve our ball screen defense,” Jones said. The Bears shot 40 percent (8–20) from beyond the arc, above its season average of 34.6 percent.

Jones added that most of Brown’s eight 3-pointers were the results of kick-outs off of penetration in the lane.

Kelley agreed, saying that Yale’s defense was often caught “overhelping” on penetration, which led to open shooters on the perimeter.

Center Will Childs-Klein ’15 said that, in addition to Brown’s shooting, the Bull-

dogs were hurt by the Bears’ aggressive big men — particularly center Rafael Maia.

“He’s a tough player,” Childs-Klein said in a message to the News. “He’s a big guy who really chases the ball hard on the offensive glass.”

Although he was limited to four rebounds — half of his season average of 8.1 per game — Maia scored 10 points and constantly battled with Yale’s bigs.

Childs-Klein said that the Bulldogs will have to work hard to limit his touches when the teams face off again next Saturday.

In addition to Maia, McGonagill and guard Matt Sullivan led Brown in scoring with 20 and 13 points, respectively. Brown had four double-digit scorers compared to just one for Yale.

That one scorer was Kelley, who finished with a team-high 11 points. His efforts earned him a spot on the Ivy League Honor Roll for the weekend.

He credited his recent success to taking advantage of the minutes he has been given.

“I’m just trying to shoot with more confidence,” Kelley said. “I’m also crashing the boards more aggressively, trying to pick up points on second chances and broken plays.”

Yale gets a chance at revenge when the Elis host Brown at the John J. Lee Amphitheater on Saturday at 7 p.m.

Contact CHARLES CONDRO at charles.condro@yale.edu .

Comeback falls short WOMEN’S BASKETBALL FROM PAGE 14 throws,” Messimer said. “Most importantly though, we need to sustain defensive intensity. We looked hesitant defensively and need to play our typical aggressive defense.”

With 1:49 left to play, Halejian drove to the basket through traffic and made a layup with an and-one opportunity to bring the Bulldogs within three.

After the teams traded baskets to bring the score to 67-65 in favor of the Bears, Amanda Tyson ’14 tied the game with a layup. A defensive foul sent Brown’s Sheila Dixon ’13 to the line, where she

made one of two foul shots to give the Bears the 68-67 advantage.

“During the preseason, when teams went on runs against us and built leads, we failed to make convincing comebacks,” Halejian said. “Last night, we continued to battle despite being down.”

The Elis had one final opportunity to finish off the Bears. After a successful inbound play under their own basket, the Bulldogs were only able to muster a contested outside shot. Brown grabbed the defensive rebound and walked away with the 68–67 win.

Halejian was the high scorer for Yale with 14, followed by Messimer with 12.

Dixon and guard Lauren Clarke ’14 led the scoring for the Bears with 18 and 20 points, respectively.

“I’m looking forward to playing Brown again so soon while the loss is still fresh in our minds,” Halejian said. “They beat us on our home court, so I’m excited to play at their place and hoping we can do the same to them.”

The Bulldogs will make the trip to Providence, R.I., on Friday to to take on the Bears in a rematch of Saturday’s game. The two teams will tip off at 6 p.m.

Contact SARAH ONORATO at sarah.onorato@yale.edu .

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MEN’S HOCKEY EARNS SEASON-HIGH RANKING In the latest polls released Monday, Yale was ranked seventh in the USA Today poll and eighth on the USCHO.com list.

The Bulldogs also currently stand at fifth in the computerized PairWise rankings, which determine eligbility for the NCAA Tournament in March.

HARVARD CHEATING SCANDAL PLAYERS WORK DURING YEAR OFF After withdrawing to avoid suspension and preserve their NCAA eligibility, Harvard basketballers Kyle Casey and Brandyn Curry caught up with The New York Times. Casey is tutoring children at an after-school program, and Curry is selling life insurance in Charlotte.

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“The whole team … wore [Harvard’s] defense down and forced them to create turnovers.”

TRENT RUFFALO ’15 FORWARD, MEN’S HOCKEY YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 22, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

Yale dominates Ivy weekend

W. tennis storms spring opener

BY JASMINE HORSEY STAFF REPORTER Continuing the dominance that marked its fall season, the Yale women’s tennis team opened its spring campaign Sunday with a knockout victory over Delaware State.

WOMEN’S TENNIS

The Bulldogs, currently ranked No. 28 in the nation, notched a 7–0 win without dropping a set in any of their matches. Held at home in the Cullman-Heyman Tennis Center, the game served as important preparation for the ITA Kick-Off Weekend at the Unviersity of Mississippi this coming weekend.

SEE WOMEN’S TENNIS PAGE 13

BRIANNE BOWEN/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Jeff Malcolm ’13 earned Yale’s first shutout of the year with 21 saves in a 4–0 victory over Harvard.

4–2 win and the weekend’s Ivy sweep.

BY LINDSEY UNIAT STAFF REPORTER With 34 seconds left on the clock in Saturday’s game against No. 11 Dartmouth, men’s hockey captain Andrew Miller ’13 got a hold of the puck in the defensive zone and sent it sailing down the ice into the Big Green’s empty net, securing the night’s

MEN’S HOCKEY The No. 12 Bulldogs (11–4–3, 7–3–1 ECAC) dominated their first conference home weekend of 2013 against two of their biggest Ivy rivals. The Elis beat Harvard (5–10–1, 3–8–0 ECAC) 4–0 on Fri-

day night and Dartmouth on Saturday, extending their team’s winning streak to four straight games. Yale moved up from fourth to second place in the ECAC with 15 points, behind Quinnipiac and just ahead of Dartmouth (10–6–2, 6–4–1 ECAC) with 13 points.

SEE MEN’S HOCKEY PAGE 13

Track and field steady at home

BY ALEX EPPLER STAFF REPORTER While the men’s and women’s track and field teams had each competed in two meets already this season, this weekend’s contest against Dartmouth and Columbia held two new challenges. Team results were scored and the Bulldogs faced only Ivy League competition for the first time, providing an early opportunity to see how the Elis would stack up against conference foes.

Elis go cold in Providence

BY CHARLES CONDRO STAFF REPORTER Temperatures in Providence, R.I., dipped to a frigid 20 degrees Fahrenheit on Saturday. Inside the Pizzitola Sports Center, the Elis were almost as cold as they fell to Brown in their Ivy League opener.

MEN’S BASKETBALL

TRACK AND FIELD Although the men’s team placed second and the women’s team placed third on Sunday at Coxe Cage, both SEE TRACK PAGE 13

MARIA ZEPEDA/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR

Women’s tennis dominated over the weekend, winning every match without dropping a set.

MARIA ZEPEDA/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR

Adam Lundquist ’16 (back) took second in the 60-meter hurdles.

Yale (6–12, 0–1 Ivy) shot just 32.8 percent (19–58) from the floor on the way to a 65–51 loss to the Bears.

Brown (7–8, 1–0) led 33–24 at halftime and was able to extend its lead to 49–28 on a Sean McGonagill 3-pointer five minutes into the second period.

Forward Greg Kelley ’14 helped power the Bulldogs back into the game with seven points in a 14–0 run that cut the lead to seven, but Yale was never able to inch closer.

“We didn’t play with enough urgency in the second half,” Kelley said. “We didn’t have two consecutive possessions where we ran our motion [offense] the right way.”

Head coach James Jones added that the Bulldogs hurt themselves with poor ball movement. Yale notched only four assists on 19 made baskets in the game.

Jones contrasted the team’s “nonexistent ball movement” with its strong effort on the boards. Yale outrebounded SEE MEN’S BASKETBALL PAGE 13

Poor shooting hurts Bulldogs in Ivy opener

BY SARAH ONORATO CONTRIBUTING REPORTER The women’s basketball team hosted the Brown Bears on Saturday as it began its quest for its first Ivy League championship since 1979. Despite a strong first half, the Bulldogs were undone by poor shooting at the free throw line and beyond the arc and fell, 68–67, to the Bears at the John J. Lee Amphitheater.

WOMEN’S BASKETBALL MARIA ZEPEDA/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR

Megan Vasquez ’13 nearly had a double-double against Brown with nine points and nine rebounds.

After a back-and-forth battle in the first half that included nine lead changes, the Elis went on a 9–3 run to close out the half

TOP ’DOG KARLEH WILSON

and head into the break with a 28–23 lead. Five of the Bulldogs’ final nine points of the half came from captain Allie Messimer ’13, who netted a 3-pointer and two free throws to give Yale the advantage heading into halftime.

Despite trailing at the end of the first, Brown (7-8, 1-0 Ivy) was able to contain the Elis’ 3-point game, an especially important aspect of the Bulldogs’ offense so far this season, in the first half. The Bulldogs came into the game shooting 35.9 percent from beyond the arc, but made only two of 11 3-pointers in the first half of play.

“I think we got a lot of good

looks at 3s we just didn’t knock them down how we usually do,” Messimer said. “They did a good job getting out and we rushed our shots.”

The momentum shifted at the start of the second half as the Bears went on a a 9–4 run of their own to tie the game at 32 at the 16:38 mark. The Bulldogs battled from behind from that point on, trailing by as much as seven.

“Brown came out hungrier than we did to start the second half because we were up and they knew they had some ground to make up and we got a little too comfortable,” guard Sarah Halejian ’15 said.

In a much more physical period of play, the Bulldogs saw more opportunities at the freethrow line as well as more transition offense from the Bears. As the Elis fought to match Brown’s pace, forward Emmy Allen ’16 scored a key basket in transition to pull the Elis within three at the 5:14 mark.

Struggles at the free-throw line plagued the Bulldogs. The Elis, who came into Saturday’s game shooting 73.5 percent from the line, made only 10 of 19 for 52.6 percent.

“I think we need to knock down our shots, especially free SEE W. BASKETBALL PAGE 13

THE FRESHMAN SET A YALE RECORD IN THE SHOTPUT WITH HER THROW AT COXE CAGE ON SATURDAY. Her heave of 45’ 1.5” (13.75 meters) beat the previous record by 1’ 0.25”.