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NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT · TUESDAY, APRIL 5, 2016 · VOL. CXXXVIII, NO. 110 · yaledailynews.com

INSIDE THE NEWS MORNING EVENING

SUNNY CLEAR

40 20

CROSS CAMPUS

NOTORIOUS C.I.G. SMOKING HABITS ACROSS RACES

(NOT) MEEK MALLOY

GREEN DAYS

Gov. Dannel Malloy wins Courage Award for work with Syrian refugees

CITY RECEIVES GRANT FOR GREEN TRANSPORTATION

PAGES 12-13 SCI-TECH

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PAGE 7 CITY

Yale properties remain under tax scrutiny

The interview. Bob Woodward

’65 and Robert Costa interviewed Republican frontrunner Donald Trump for The Washington Post.

Speaking about Richard Nixon — whose administration’s Watergate scandal Woodward uncovered — Trump said, “And Nixon failed, I think to a certain extent, because of his personality.” Woodward responded: “And he broke the law.”

the Connecticut Democratic primary coming up on April 26, State SenatePresident Martin Looney, who represents New Haven, has yet to make an endorsement in the race for the nomination. Mayor Toni Harp, Sen. Richard Blumenthal LAW ’73, Sen. Chris Murphy and state Sen. Gary Winfield have all extended their support to Hillary Clinton LAW ’73.

Clinton and Blumenthal were classmates at Yale Law School.

George H.W. Bush ’48 was honored by Shell Oil Company with the 2016 Shell Legacy Award for charitable giving.

The 41st president has given to and helped fundraise for a diverse range of charities since the end of his term in office. Bush, who is a longtime supporter of the Shell Houston Open, was awarded the honor at the event. This year marks the 25th anniversary of the open, which was won by American golfer Jim Herman this year.

Take me out to the ball game. As baseball season

continues, we remember the first President Bush as one of the greatest baseball captains Yale has ever seen. In 1948, Babe Ruth came to New Haven and presented Bush with the original manuscript of his autobiography “The Babe Ruth Story” on home plate at Yale Field.

Sign me YUPP. The Yale

Undergraduate Prison Project and Davenport College will jointly host Max Kenner, the founder of the Bard Prison Initiative, for a Master’s Tea at 4 p.m. this afternoon.

The Bard Prison Initiative provides higher education to incarcerated men and women.

Kum(ykov) if you can.

Students and Alumni of Yale will lead a conversation with Russian businessman and Branford Fellow Azamat Kumykov GRD ’15 at 4 p.m. at the Rose Alumni House.

Cooler than me. If you thought the weather yesterday was treacherous, the low temperature of 23 degrees Fahrenheit was far higher than New Haven’s record low in April 4, 1954 of 11 degrees.

THIS DAY IN YALE HISTORY

1962 Francisco P. Laplaza, dean of the Law School of the National University at Buenos Aires, visits Yale at the invitation of Yale Law School Dean Eugene Rostow.

Follow along for the News’ latest.

Twitter | @yaledailynews

y

Coed sailing team wins Marchiando Trophy at tournament PAGE 14 SPORTS

Sixth bedbug infestation hits grad dorm

BY DAVID YAFFE-BELLANY STAFF REPORTER

plan. S.B. 413 sought to tax unspent returns on the University’s endowment, while S.B. 414 looks to redefine which of the University’s commercial properties can be taxed.

Mayor Toni Harp praised Looney

A brewing controversy over the management of a series of bedbug infestations in a medical student dorm has forced the Yale School of Medicine to relocate dozens of visitors scheduled to arrive on campus this Thursday for an admitted-students event.

Around 30 admitted students were slated to spend the medical school’s Second Look Weekend, a three-day charm offensive designed to showcase the University’s appeal, in an on-campus housing facility that has suffered numerous bedbug infestations since October. The Medical Student Council met last week with administrators to ask that students be relocated to a nearby hotel after a new infestation was discovered Thursday on the eighth floor of Harkness Hall, a 172-bedroom complex located on Cedar Street directly across from Yale-New Haven Hospital. And in a Monday night email to the residents of Harkness Hall, MSC President Carrie Flynn MED ’23 confirmed that the students would stay at a local hotel at the expense of the medical school.

“Given the developing nature of this situation, we have decided that it is best to provide our accepted students with lodging in a hotel rather than Harkness,” Flynn wrote in the email.

She added in the email that the MSC plans to meet with Yale Housing and the Office

SEE TAX PAGE 6

SEE BEDBUGS PAGE 6

Angels & Demo(crats). With

Tee time. Former President

NINE INCH SAILS

MICHELLE LIU/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Looney spoke at a news conference Monday.

BY MICHELLE LIU STAFF REPORTER Though state Senate President Martin Looney, D-New Haven, declared a recent proposal to tax Yale’s endowment officially dead, a bill re-evaluating the University’s

taxable property still remains on the legislative table.

Looney elaborated on both bills at a press conference in City Hall Monday afternoon, where he discussed the municipal aid saved in last week’s bipartisan $220 million state budget deficit mitigation

Town hall discusses sexual climate

BY DANIELA BRIGHENTI AND MAYA SWEEDLER STAFF REPORTERS Over 300 Yale students and faculty members from all over campus gathered in the AfroAmerican Cultural Center Monday night to discuss Yale’s sexual culture.

The town hall, a collaborative effort between Unite Against Sexual Assault Yale and the Yale Black Women’s Coalition, was meant to create a broad, productive discussion about the current status of Yale’s sexual climate and how it can be improved, USAY co-director Helen Price ’18 said. The event follows weeks of

Three basketball players eye pros

BY JACOB MITCHELL AND MAYA SWEEDLER STAFF REPORTERS After the Yale men’s basketball team made history with a program-best two-game run in the NCAA Tournament, several members of the team are aiming to make their own history this offseason.

Two of Yale’s five starters, forwards Justin Sears ’16 and Brandon Sherrod ’16, will pursue careers in professional basketball next year. Both Sears and point guard Makai Mason ’18, who produced a sensational sophomore campaign this season, confirmed to the News that they will declare for the 2016 NBA draft.

For Sears and Sherrod, fall destinations are up in the air, while Mason will likely return to New Haven, taking advantage of a January NCAA rule change that allows players to test out the draft market and still return to school without jeopardizing any eligibility.

“I’m not surprised [that three starters are looking at professional careers] because I see what my teammates are capable of on a daily basis,” Mason said. “Our success during the season cer-

discussion about campus sexual climate, a conversation sparked by controversies surrounding the former captain of the Yale men’s basketball team, Jack Montague, who was expelled in February for violating the University’s sexual misconduct policies.

“We can make Yale a better place. We can make it a health-

ier environment at the end of our four years than when we first got here,” Price said at the town hall.

Sexual Harassment and Assault Response & Education Center Program Associate Amy Myers opened the event by outlining the resources available to undergraduate students who have been victims of sexual mis-

conduct. She noted that students can file both formal and informal complaints with Title IX coordinators or Yale’s University-Wide Committee on Sexual Misconduct. They can also have conversations with undergraduate Communication and ConSEE MEETING PAGE 4

Lofton named new diversity dean

BY VICTOR WANG STAFF REPORTER

tainly helped draw attention to the abilities of players on our team.”

According to head coach James Jones, Sears and Sherrod are currently searching for agents. Jones added that Sears is expected to choose an agent by the end of the week.

Sears recently showcased his talents at the 2016 Reese’s College All-Star Game, held in Houston at the site of the recently completed Final Four. After jumping for the opening tip for the East squad, the two-time Ivy League Player of the Year scored four points on 2–4 shooting from the field and grabbed five rebounds in 18 minutes of action.

Sears, an All-American honorable mention selection for the second consecutive year, was also named a Senior Class First-Team All-American while in Houston.

The honor rewards star players who are committed to leadership and have made positive impacts in their communities.

Other players on the First Team include Villanova’s Ryan Arcidiacono, Virginia’s Malcolm Brogdon, Oklahoma’s Buddy Hield and Michigan State’s Den-

Religious Studies Department Chair Kathryn Lofton will serve as the inaugural Faculty of Arts and Sciences deputy dean for diversity and faculty development, FAS Dean Tamar Gendler wrote to the FAS in a Monday email.

The new administrative position, which was announced as part of University President Peter Salovey’s Nov. 17 “Toward a Better Yale” initiative, was created in order to address persistent issues of faculty diversity within the FAS. Lofton will oversee a broad range of issues relating to diversity, including recruitment, retention, budget allocation and mentorship support. She will fill the position on an interim basis for a year and a half, during which she will develop a “robust vision” for what the position should look like in the future, Gendler wrote.

Lofton told the News she looks forward to fostering discussions about the definition of excellence and how it relates to diversity and inclusion.

SEE BASKETBALL PAGE 4

SEE LOFTON PAGE 6

COURTESY OF KATHRYN LOFTON

Kathryn Lofton has been named the new FAS deputy dean for diversity and faculty development.

PAGE 2

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 5, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

OPINION

.COMMENT “This proposal would make civil war the de facto state on yaledailynews.com/opinion

Tax Yale T

here’s a political fight raging in Hartford over the use of Yale’s endowment, and the scent of baloney hangs heavy in the air.

State legislators recently proposed two bills — Senate Bills 413 and 414 — that would increase Yale’s financial obligations to Connecticut. In response, the University issued a flurry of finger-wagging press releases, alleging that the bills would “force the University to spend down the endowment” and “revoke [Yale’s] tax-exempt status.”

These claims are hogwash.

The two bills would do no such thing. So what would this legislation change?

Senate Bill 413 has been carelessly labeled an endowment tax, but it wouldn’t reduce Yale’s ostentatiously large existing endowment of nearly $26 billion by a single penny. It also won’t touch a cent of any endowment profits that Yale chooses to spend on financial aid or professor salaries. Any criticism that the measure would threaten the quality or accessibility of a Yale education should be viewed as misleading at best and alarmist at worst.

Instead, the bill would levy a 7.5 percent tax on any profits from the endowment that Yale does not invest in education, but instead adds back into the endowment. (The tax would only apply to Connecticut universities with endowments over $10 billion, i.e. just Yale.)

Senate Bill 414 has largely ceded the spotlight to the more audacious Senate Bill 413, which is a shame, as the former is more broadly palatable and has the public support of Mayor Toni Harp. Currently, Yale pays taxes on its retail properties, such as The Shops at Yale on Broadway, but pays no taxes on its more than $2.5 billion in academic property. S.B. 414 doesn’t change the tax-exempt status of Yale’s academic property, but instead subjects Yale’s property usage to closer scrutiny.

Several buildings that Yale has designated as "academic" in fact are used for commercial purposes. For example. the Yale Center for Genome Analysis in West Haven “offers DNA sequencing and genetic testing to for-profit companies,” West Haven Mayor Ed O’Brien recently told the New Haven Register. The law needs to be clarified, and it hardly seems absurd to say that Yale should pay some taxes on property it uses for both academic and commercial purposes.

Will these bills pass? S.B. 414 might, but S.B. 413 appears unlikely to pass as acknowledged by Sen. Martin Looney yesterday. Still, these efforts represent a bold and smart move by a coalition of progressives, led by the UNITE HERE unions that represent Yale’s workers, to bring attention to Yale’s astounding wealth at a time when the University is engaged in contract negotiations with the unions.

Their message is clear: Yale

has money — more than enough — and it should spend it, not hoard it.

These appeals have FISH STARK worked in the past — it was under threat Elm City of taxation emphasis in the 1990s that Yale started making its first voluntary contributions to New Haven.

Which brings us to the questions that are really being debated: What can Yale afford to give, and what are its moral obligations?

Yale’s insinuations that these new tax measures would threaten its ability to provide financial aid or high-quality education to students are complete nonsense. Yale’s endowment is more than the endowments of MIT, UC Berkeley, Georgetown, NYU and Brown — combined. In the fiscal 2014 Yale Endowment Report, the University reported $4 billion in investment income, enough to entirely cover Yale’s operating budget with nearly $1 billion left over.

L

ast week I met Judith Butler GRD ’84. I didn’t just “meet” her amongst the 300 or so people who showed up for the Tanner lecture series; I had the opportunity to sit down for lunch with her, along with 15 or so current Directed Studies students, to discuss Frantz Fanon’s “Concerning Violence.”

To put it lightly, I was nervous about the event; all 15 of us were.

We stammered out our names, which usually roll so readily off the tongue. Even those of us who were usually the most confident students in philosophy section tentatively asked questions, tripping over simple words like “how” and “can”. But, in spite of our nerves, it was worth it.

During lunch, Butler talked about a metaphor that Fanon consistently uses in his work.

Fanon — an important critical theorist and revolutionary thinker — primarily discussed topics of race, colonialism, psychoanalysis and class in his texts. When describing how colonized bodies must overcome colonialism, he often says that we must “gouge out our eyes;” in other words, we must learn how to see for ourselves and create a

Yale can afford to pay a little more in taxes to Connecticut, it can afford to provide better child care to graduate students, it can afford to guarantee the security of union jobs, it can afford to eliminate the student contribution — it could even afford to make tuition free.

A healthy endowment is important for Yale’s future. But it’s worth asking — how big does our endowment actually need to be to subsidize a high-quality education? At a certain point, we’re not growing our endowment for security, we’re growing it for prestige, stashing away billions to win an Ivy League pissing contest, an example of old-money affluenza run amok.

There’s a line from the Gospel of John that reads: “But if anyone has the world's goods and sees his brother in need, yet closes his heart against him, how does God's love abide in him?” Yale’s no longer a religious school, but we are still bound to the same principles of shared humanity on which we were founded. We can afford to pay what state lawmakers are asking. Yale should stop twisting the facts and use its wealth to fulfill its moral obligations to its city, its workers and its students.

FISH STARK is a junior in Jonathan Edwards College. His column runs on alternate Tuesdays.

Contact him at fortney.stark@yale.edu .

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form of pedagogy that is distinct from that of the European tradition.

Butler also discussed the ISIS DAVIS- role of violence in our MARKS daily lives.

When we talk The dark about violence we often side think of it as physical. We view violence as a blow to the head or as a shot to the body.

But it can be more than this. In her lectures, Butler referred to violence as an ethos that is systemic, and that works through our bodies, emotions and power structures. Is it not violence when one is emotionally abused?

Is it not violence when systems of power work to deprive certain bodies of resources that they need to survive? And, perhaps most pertinent to Yale students, is it not violence when our education is carefully constructed to exclude certain perspectives? In another lecture that I attended this weekend as part

of workshop on African intellectual history, Achille Mbembe — another contemporary critical thinker — echoed this sentiment. He argued that colonialism operates through the university, because it is responsible for institutionalizing and framing the ways we think about language and power.

VIOLENCE OPERATES ON A HIGHER LEVEL THAN MICROAGGRESSIONS OR ASSAULTS TO POLITICAL CORRECTNESS Although I am often critical of Yale, I am glad that Butler made an appearance for the lecture series. These lectures spoke to many relevant ques-

tions about the nature of racism and of violence itself. Although much critical theory today seems to be framed by academic institutions that are steeped in white supremacy, theory is often a necessary starting point for developing practice.

While I’m not sure if I agree with her method of adopting a complete politics of nonviolence, I do agree with her composite depiction of nonviolence as an ethos. When discussing issues of police brutality, faculty diversity and the hypersexualization of certain bodies, it is worth remembering the interlocking character of these forms of violence. Violence operates on a higher level than microaggressions or assaults to political correctness. It is real. It is not simple, nor is it reducible to a single man being killed for selling loose cigarettes. Now that we have the theoretical language to describe systemic violence, we must find the tools to address it.

ISIS DAVIS-MARKS is a freshman in Jonathan Edwards College. Her column usually runs on alternate Wednesdays. Contact her at isis.davis-marks@yale.edu .

GUEST COLUMNIST ALARIC KRAPF

YALE SHOULD STOP TWISTING THE FACTS

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'BOOTT SPUR' ON 'BLACKMON: A STUDENT UNION'

Concerning non-violence

Our white-collar world Y

ale recently sent out letters of acceptance to thousands of applicants across the globe, meaning it’s that time of year when Yale becomes one big advertisement. At Bulldog Days, professors, administrators and students will all try their hardest to sell Yale to admits, bombarding them with all the reasons Yale excels compared to its peers: the classes, the places and the people. We tout the last as especially important. Yalies are diverse and driven, passionate and precocious, sensitive and supportive — all of the things that one could wish for in a friend and classmate. Yalies are special, we insist; something separates us from everyone else. That’s part of what makes Yale such a cool place. It’s also one of Yale’s most dangerous qualities.

Yale students are separated from reality by several layers of insulation. Our physical gates and walls are one. The security we hire is another. But the most significant layer is the people we have the privilege of interacting with. The “Yale bubble” is about more than security measures; it’s about the ideas we hear (and don’t hear) on a daily basis. We are cushioned not just from physical conflict but also

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from certain kinds of intellectual engagement.

THE YALE BUBBLE IS NOT JUST SPATIAL BUT IDEOLOGICAL In that way, Yale is just one big safe space, predicated on excluding those who lack the relevant academic qualifications. This is a necessary and good thing.

Yale has no business admitting people who won’t benefit from the education it provides. However, just like all safe spaces, Yale threatens to render us unable to engage in meaningful conversation with people from outside its walls. We factor diversity into the admissions process, which helps combat this problem by adding different voices to the conversation. But one voice is consistently missing: that of the less educated. The privilege to ignore the concerns of the least educated threatens to turn us into uninformed elitists, and to erase our capacity to sympathize with over half of America.

Of course, this is not just a

Toward a more inclusive Europe In the op-ed “Europe Has Fallen” (March 31), Shaoyan Liang criticized the integration project of the European Union, characterized the EU’s immigration policies as a failure and linked them to the terrorist attacks in Brussels and Paris perpetrated by the Islamic State, also known as ISIS. He also regarded second-generation European citizens with family ties in the Middle East and North Africa as a potential threat to the EU. By claiming that Europe had fallen, Liang’s article stoked the flames of fear and division that terrorist groups are trying to ignite around the world.

Liang’s assertion that the EU’s integration project has failed altogether on the basis of terror attacks perpetrated by a few violent extremists residing in Europe is not only false, but it also discriminates against an entire population that has worked hard to be included and to succeed in Europe.

The terrorists who committed the Paris or Brussels attacks do not reflect the sentiment that the majority of immigrants to Europe possess. According to Political Islam and Middle East scholar Olivier Roy, most extremists come from low-income backgrounds, lack education and are unemployed. They do not engage in their immigrant community and have often served time in prison, where they become easy targets for radical Islamists and terrorist networks. All seem to share resentment directed at society and a narcissistic need for recognition, which ISIS then exploits to plant the seeds of hatred and revenge.

Not only do the terror attacks not represent the sentiment of the immigrant population, but empirical research at George

Yale problem. The children of the cognitive elite, who increasingly act in the same ways and believe the same things, comprise most of Yale’s student body. Higher education is intricately connected to class stratification, and colleges have been attacked many times on the grounds that they just print job certificates for rich kids rather than providing a real education. Every time a qualified admittee can’t attend Yale because of financial circumstances, that claim becomes a little more true. But even an institution which handles this particular problem perfectly will still suffer the effects of a bubble. Colleges are, by their nature, packed with bright people destined for white collars, and thus some degree of cultural uniformity is inevitable.

Yalies know about the bluecollar experience on an abstract level, but it’s not an experience many of us are interested in pursuing. Between future doctors, future lawyers and future consultants, students get to know a broad array of diverse perspectives, but Yale offers little exposure to the farmer, the dock worker and the electrician. Their lives also matter, but one learns little about them at Yale.

The solution involves going outside our comfort zones, toward spaces less safe and ideas more dangerous. Talk to someone pursuing vocational training. Talk to someone whose highest ambition is to run the family farm. Talk to someone who’s voting for Trump. Maybe you’ll disagree with them or dislike them, and maybe you’ll end up an elitist anyway (that doesn’t have to be a bad word).

The important thing is that you listen charitably and take their perspectives to heart. Their stories are as much a contribution to society as ours. Unless we try to understand why the blue-collar world differs from the cognitive elite in its beliefs and values, our picture of the world will remain woefully incomplete.

The Yale bubble is not just spatial but ideological. Just as Yale’s gates separate us from the outside world, so too do Yale’s mores. Engaging charitably with the experiences of blue-collar America — if we’re bold enough to take up that task — promises to make us better students, citizens and people.

Washington and Temple Universities shows that the immigrant population has an overall positive impact on employment across Europe. Immigrants and refugees, whether highor low-skilled, boost the economic performance and create new jobs by increasing production, easing the upward mobility of native workers and taking jobs that would otherwise not be filled. Furthermore, with a rapidly aging population, the demographics of many European countries would directly benefit from a large influx of motivated young workers.

In the past 30 years, the EU has striven to promote “multiculturalism” through its constitution and an integration policy that values and protects immigrants’ native cultures, religion and languages. The EU’s intent with this policy was admirable, as it showed willingness to respect the immigrants’ cultural and religious backgrounds.

However, the emergence of low-income districts around cities like Paris created host communities where these populations, often first- or secondgeneration immigrants, soon felt disenfranchised of their chance to succeed in the societies that had received them. This phenomenon was not a failure of ideals, but rather a lack of infrastructure and opportunities that led to many immigrants’ sense of estrangement and alienation from the main-

stream population.

The terrorist attacks of the past year present an opportunity for Europe to craft policies that will enable it to better embrace the challenges of immigration, particularly the refugee crisis. In this time of xenophobia and fear, the EU should strive toward a policy of inclusion, improving educational and professional opportunities for immigrants, respecting these people’s home cultures, religions and languages and promoting better understanding between the local population and the incoming one. Through such policy changes, the EU would decrease the feeling of isolation that immigrants may experience, and in the long term improve their chance to succeed in their new countries. The EU might not be able to take all refugees, but neither should it completely turn its back on people leaving war-torn areas. Instead, it should take this opportunity to educate its citizens, reinvigorate its population and walk towards a more inclusive Europe.

ALARIC KRAPF is a freshman in Saybrook College. Contact him at alaric.krapf@yale.edu .

MARIONA BADENAS is a senior in Branford College. Contact her at mariona.badenas@yale.edu .

CHRISTIAN RHALLY is a senior in Calhoun College. Contact him at christian.rhally@yale.edu .

SARAH YAZJI is a senior in Branford College. Contact her at sarah.yazji@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 5, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 3

NEWS

“I never had a policy; I have just tried to do my very best each and every day.”

ABRAHAM LINCOLN 16TH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES

CORRECTIONS

Latin honors system worries YNUS students

MONDAY, APRIL 4

The article “AAUP report evaluates Title IX” incorrectly stated that most campuses have used the “preponderance of the evidence” standard in their disciplinary processes for years. In fact, many campuses have not articulated a clear standard, but the colleges that have identified a standard of proof have used the preponderance standard for years.

The article “Rally protests Gurley shooting” incorrectly stated that banners at a weekend rally displayed the names of New Haven residents who have died in police shootings.

In fact, the banners displayed the names of victims from across the nation.

Malloy bans state-funded travel to North Carolina

BY REBECCA KARABUS STAFF REPORTER In response to North Carolina Gov. Pat McCrory’s March 23 approval of House Bill 2 — which officially blocks local governments and municipalities from passing anti-discrimination ordinances for LGBT individuals — Connecticut Gov. Dannel Malloy signed an executive order Thursday banning all statefunded travel to North Carolina.

North Carolina’s HB 2, which mandates that transsexuals use restrooms corresponding to their sex and not gender identity or expression, aims at maintaining “basic privacy and etiquette” for citizens, according to an official statement from the North Carolina governor’s office. But the act, which McCrory’s communications director Josh Ellis described as a “common sense law,” has met criticism from state executives including Malloy and nongovernmental organizations concerned with LGBT rights. The core argument leveled against HB 2 is that it discriminates against LGBT community members, compelling Malloy’s prohibition of statesponsored travel to North Carolina.

“We need to do what we can to stand up and act against laws that encourage — as a matter of public policy — discrimination and endangerment of our citizenry,” Malloy said in a statement Thursday. “It’s unacceptable, and Connecticut is acting.”

Malloy added that HB 2 is not only intolerant of North Carolina’s LGBT residents, but also puts any LGBT visitors from Connecticut in danger of discrimination once within the state’s bounds.

Malloy’s executive order received praise from John PicaSneeden, the executive director of the Greater Connecticut Gay and Lesbian Chamber of Commerce, the state’s division of a national network of LGBT business owners and chambers.

Pica-Sneeden said he appreciates the “decency and respect for the LGBT community” Malloy reflected in signing the executive order. New York, Massachusetts, Washington and Vermont have passed similar ordinances.

“For anybody that is a religious person or believes in some higher authority to use that as an excuse to discriminate is really against

religion, because religion itself has nothing to do with being discriminating,” Pica-Sneeden said.

Pre-empting opposition claims about religious freedom, Pica-Sneeden described the use of religion for discriminatory purposes as “really weak,” adding that he thinks McCrory is likely trying to make a name for himself politically among religious conservatives.

American Civil Liberties Union of Connecticut Executive Director Stephen Glassman ’75 highlighted the importance of distinguishing between freedom of religion and freedom from discriminatory religious bias. He denounced HB 2 as “clearly discriminatory,” calling it a “vindictive, mean-spirited response to an expansion of LGBT rights at the federal level.”

Glassman said Malloy’s executive order is indicative of his deep commitment to equality and justice. He added that Malloy’s ban on travel to North Carolina is consistent with other measures pushed forth by the Connecticut governor’s office. Last spring, Malloy banned state-funded travel to Indiana after Gov. Mike Pence passed legislation allowing businesses to deny service to LGBT individuals on the basis of upholding religious freedom.

But Malloy’s ordinance has not received universal support in the state. Critics, including Peter Wolfgang, the executive director of the Family Institute of Connecticut — a statewide nonprofit organization that supports socially conservative causes — argue that Malloy’s latest executive order oversteps his authority.

“Gov. Malloy is looking to lay off thousands of state workers, he is facing union unrest, a $900 million projected deficit and businesses leaving our state,” Wolfgang said in an official statement from FIC, the only group to date that has spoken out publicly against the executive order. “But he is focused instead on allowing men into women’s bathrooms. In North Carolina.”

In June, Malloy approved a bill that allows Connecticut transsexuals to change the sex on their birth certificates before having undergone gender reassignment surgery.

Contact REBECCA KARABUS at rebecca.karabus@yale.edu .

BY QI XU STAFF REPORTER On March 24, Yale-NUS sent an email to its student body announcing the school’s adoption of the Latin honors system. Yale-NUS’s switch to the system, which has previously generated much controversy at Yale and elsewhere, came as a surprise to many students — and an unpleasant one at that.

In the email, the school’s registrar’s office said the decision came after several discussions on how to best “recognize students’ achievement and excellence,” and will apply to all students including the inaugural class currently in its third year. Following the announcement, concerned Yale-NUS students distributed a petition letter among the student body criticizing the suitability of such a policy.

As of Monday night, 175 out of around 500 Yale-NUS students had signed the petition, which cited potential hindrances to intellectual exploration, the college’s relatively small student-body size and a potential job market disadvantage posed to Yale-NUS graduates compared to those from the National University of Singapore, which uses a GPA-cutoff system instead of a curved honors system.

“In short, students are expected to accept a system in which their academic performance across four years is boiled down to only one opportunity to distinguish themselves,” the petition said. “While we may be trying to build a U.S.-style liberal arts college in Singapore, the importance of localization cannot be underestimated.”

According to the new policy, Latin honors will be awarded to no more than 35 percent of each graduating class. No more than 60 percent, or six students — whichever is larger — in any one major will receive cum laude or above, and no more than 40 percent, or four students — whichever is larger — in any one major will receive magna cum laude or above.

The petition said the curved nature of the policy will breed competition among students, especially those in small-sized majors of eight or nine people.

It added that the policy might incentivize Yale-NUS students to take easy classes to increase their GPAs, going against the school’s mission of encouraging learning out of one’s comfort zone.

Pratyush More YNUS ’18, who signed the petition, said his major concern is the academic implication of the new policy, which he called “too monolithic.” He said the Latin honors system fails to capture the differing levels of rigor

JEN LU/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

YALE DAILY NEWS

Some students at Yale-NUS oppose the introduction of Latin honors. of that, the ability to think in new situations and to handle oneself for the tasks at hand is important as well, Craig added.

Joanelle Toh YNUS ’19, who also signed the petition, said she is most concerned about potentially decreased job prospects as a result of the new policy. Toh said the fact that YaleNUS is so new and has not yet established its brand already complicates the job search for graduates.

“The introduction of this new system, which essentially allows a lower number of students to graduate with some sort of distinction, is troubling,” Toh said. She added that the practical side of the issue has to be acknowledged, because Yale-NUS students pay higher tuition than their peers at other Singaporean universities and it is natural for them to expect higher pay in the future.

In addition to potential disparities in the job market, students said the Latin honors policy may penalize certain Yale-NUS students because of the school’s Common Curriculum, a set of compulsory classes for all students regardless of their background in the subject. Previously, Yale-NUS students criticized the grading systems in some Common Curriculum classes as arbitrary and harmful to students’ performance. The petition noted that other colleges that adopt a common curriculum, such as the University of Chicago and Columbia University, do not have a Latin honors system.

Marusa Godina YNUS ’18

said she was quite disappointed with some of the Common Curriculum classes. While the academic body is revising and improving the curriculum, she does not think the students should be punished for lower graders that were “not their fault.”

Other Yale-NUS students interviewed criticized the system because it is contrary to the spirit of Yale-NUS, a startup school that encourages risktaking. Furthermore, there are students taking NUS classes or pursuing a dual-degree program at NUS, and it is unclear how the honors policy will apply to those students.

Students interviewed also voiced grievances about how little communication the administration had with students before announcing the new system.

“The policy decision was not even alluded to previously — it was kind of just dropped on everyone one morning via email,” Toh said.

In response, the Yale-NUS Student Government has met with Yale-NUS senior administrators to raise students’ concerns, and will organize a town hall soon to have a dialogue on the issue with the administration.

Godina said she is optimistic on the issue and that based on her previous experiences, the college’s administrators are “always ready to listen.”

“I’m glad that the proposed policy triggered criticism and debate,” she said.

Contact QI XU at qi.xu@yale.edu .

Governor earns national award

BY NOAH DAPONTE-SMITH STAFF REPORTER

Gov. Dannel Malloy signed an executive order Thursday banning statefunded travel to North Carolina.

in different courses, and may end up penalizing students for choosing classes based on genuine interest over what grade they can obtain.

More added that the system is also unsuitable given small class sizes. For example, the class of 2018 has around 170 students. Five percent of the class, which will be awarded summa cum laude, only translates to nine awardees.

“Imposing a policy which is generally used by schools of much larger sizes without making any notable modifications is an action I am doubtful of,” he added.

The petition also argued that the policy will put YaleNUS students at a disadvantage in the job market to their peers from NUS, who will get the same degree as they do but observe a different honors system. Both NUS and Yale-NUS graduates receive NUS diplomas. The system at NUS is a cutoff based solely on GPA, not on rankings among the graduating class. To obtain the lowest class of honors degree at NUS, a student needs a GPA of 3.00 to 3.49 on a 5-point scale.

Therefore, Yale-NUS graduates might compete with NUS students with lower GPAs but higher honors conferred by their university. Students say the problem is exacerbated given the Singaporean cultural context, where many government agencies and top private firms do initial interviews based on the type of honors students receive and where salary offers vary based on degree classification, the petition added.

Yale-NUS Executive Vice President for Academic Affairs Tan Tai Yong said the school adopted a different honors policy from NUS because unlike NUS, Yale-NUS does not use a bell-curve grading system and each instructor sets his or her own grading criteria. As a result, Tan said, GPAs received at Yale-NUS, unlike at NUS, do not correspond to percentiles within classes.

“While Latin honors may not be as widespread in Singapore, it is well-known in the international educational arena and recognizable to employers worldwide,” Tan said.

Trisha Craig, the dean of the Yale-NUS Center for International and Professional Experience who also oversees career resources for students, said what ultimately matters in competing for jobs is how well the market understands who Yale-NUS graduates are, an area that her office and senior administrators are working especially hard toward.

Craig added that employers are interested in what graduates bring to the table. While academic performance is part

Gov. Dannel Malloy’s national profile has grown all the more prominent this week, as he can now claim one of the country’s most revered honors: the 2016 John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award.

On Monday, the John F. Kennedy Library Foundation named Malloy this year’s winner of the award in recognition of the work he has done for Syrian refugees in Connecticut. He will officially receive the award in May. New Haven made national headlines last fall when, in the wake of the terror attacks in Paris, Malloy accepted a family of Syrian refugees that had been turned away by Gov. Mike Pence of Indiana. Speaking in City Hall in November, Malloy said the choice to welcome the family had been a simple one, made out of his own Catholic moral conviction.

Malloy will receive one of the country’s most prominent awards for courageous public service in recognition of his welcoming stance. Malloy told reporters Monday that he was moved when he learned about his selection, adding that he

hopes it will send a message to the nation during the presidential race about the importance of respecting religious freedoms and upholding the Constitution.

“I think that what I have always stood for is a more inclusive society where people recognize their obligations to each other — whether it’s on transgender recognition or other human rights issues, or on Second Chance Society or, quite frankly, standing up to a fair amount of ignorance on the refugee issue,” Malloy said.

The statement was a succinct summation of Malloy’s social philosophy as governor this year. His policies, including the Second Chance Society — his criminal-justice reform initiative — garnered national attention and earned him a seat next to Michelle Obama at the 2016 State of the Union. Malloy’s refugee policies stood in stark contrast to the attitude Pence expressed in Indiana. Following the Paris attacks, Pence said he would ban Syrian refugee families from entering Indiana until “the proper security measures are in place.”

Malloy’s action in November resonated across the country.

Malloy, who received phone calls from dozens of people, said one of the most moving was from Cardinal Timothy Dolan, the archbishop of New York.

Jack Schlossberg ’15, President John F. Kennedy’s grandson, said in a statement released by the foundation that Malloy’s acceptance of Syrian refugees emulated the attitudes of his grandfather, a fellow Irish Catholic.

“Malloy took a stand against the hateful, xenophobic rhetoric,” Schlossberg said. “In doing so, he put principles above politics and upheld my grandfather’s vision of America that, he said, ‘has always served as a lantern in the dark for those who love freedom but are persecuted, in misery or in need.’”

Malloy is the second governor of Connecticut to receive the award. One of his predecessors, former Gov. Lowell Weicker ’53, won the award in 1992 for demonstrating the political courage to raise taxes at a time when he was deeply unpopular in the state. The irony was not lost on Malloy — who vowed at the press conference not to raise taxes to alleviate the state’s daunting budget

deficit.

But despite the tense political atmosphere in Hartford, where the state faces a $900 million deficit for the upcoming year and hundreds of layoffs for state workers loom overhead, Malloy told reporters Monday he still relishes his job.

“I’m really energized,” Malloy said. “I enjoy being the governor, I enjoy working, I enjoy taking on these issues.

And when I can take on Second Chance issues, or stand up with the gay and lesbian and transgender community, or bring solace to a mosque that’s been fired on … I’m happy. Don’t anyone think I’m unhappy.”

Malloy said the family in New Haven is doing well in adapting to their new home — the parents are taking Englishlanguage classes, and their son is enrolled in a local school.

More refugees — though not many — have arrived to Connecticut from Syria in the months since the Paris attacks, Malloy said, and the state has no plans on letting up.

Malloy will receive the award in Boston on May 1.

Contact NOAH DAPONTE-SMITH at naoh.daponte-smith@yale.edu .

PAGE 4

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 5, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT Meeting weighs sexual climate

CATALINA CHERÑAVVSKY SEQUEIRA/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Administrators and students gathered in the Af-Am House Monday to discuss how to improve Yale’s sexual climate.

MEETING FROM PAGE 1 sent Educators, members of the SHARE Center, peer liaisons and freshman counselors.

As April is Sexual Assault Awareness Month, Myers had teal ribbons — which represent sexual assault and sexual violence awareness and support — available for those who wished to wear them.

La Casa Cultural Director Eileen Galvez, who spoke after Myers, highlighted the importance of having conversations about sexual misconduct in order to improve the campus climate. It is fine for the campus to “have dirty laundry,” as long as it is acknowledged rather than ignored, Galvez said.

Price then introduced a topic for large-group discussion: what should be considered an ideal sexual climate at Yale, and how the campus community can work toward that ideal. Attendees put forth a wide variety of responses ranging from educating students to recognize the existence of intimate-partner violence, to destigmatizing the act of reporting incidents.

“I feel there needs to be more inclusive and intersectional conversations on sexual climate,” Sarah Armstrong ’18 said. “That includes supporting male survivors and recognizing that sexual misconduct can occur within a relationship.”

Several students present spoke about the importance of making resources more available and clear to the overall Yale community — not just undergraduates, but also faculty members and graduate students. The town hall was open to the entire University population. In addition to the hundreds of students, administrators such as Yale College Title IX Coordinator Angela Gleason and Dean of Student Engagement Burgwell Howard were in attendance.

Some students’ comments focused specifically on the UWC process. One student present said the act of reporting a complaint should be one in which the

complainant feels in control at all times. Another student called for adjustments to the UWC policies available online to include clearer language.

Many students also made suggestions about Yale’s current sexual education system. One recommended that bystander intervention training — which all Yale College sophomores are required to attend — occur in freshman year as well. Many present agreed with the idea.

“I liked the idea of moving up bystander intervention training to freshman year and using Yale’s resources to restructure the way we talk about sexuality,” attendee Mojique Tyler ’19 said. “The organizers said we get to shape how the next generation thinks about this and I’m hopeful that we and those who come after us can make this better.”

After roughly 30 minutes of discussion, the audience divided into smaller groups of six to eight students to discuss more concrete suggestions for improving Yale’s sexual climate.

Afterwards, interim dean of Ezra Stiles Michelle Morgan GRD ’16 helped summarize the groups’ conversations. Suggestions included having CCEs speak to each student organization at the start of the school year and creating a list of suggested readings on sexual misconduct.

“It was important that this conversation be future-focused,” USAY board member Lindsey Hogg ’17 said. “It was beautiful.

It proves people are interested in talking about something that is usually so hard to talk about.”

Several attendees noted the impressive turnout. Armstrong said she was impressed with the size of the crowd given USAY’s relatively recent creation.

USAY, founded in fall 2015, will host its inaugural Fearless Conference on April 9.

Contact DANIELA BRIGHENTI at daniela.brighenti@yale.edu and MAYA SWEEDLER at maya.sweedler@yale.edu .

OPINION. YOUR THOUGHTS. YOUR VOICE. YOUR PAGE.

Send submissions to opinion@yaledailynews.com

“When I lose the sense of motivation and the sense to prove something as a basketball player, it’s time for me to move away from the game.” MICHAEL JORDAN FORMER PROFESSIONAL BASKETBALL PLAYER

Basketball trio looks to next level BASKETBALL FROM PAGE 1 zel Valentine; the first is the 2016 Final Four Most Outstanding Player, and the latter three are projected to be first-round picks in the NBA draft.

“It’s an outstanding award for [Sears],” Jones said. “To be considered amongst the best five seniors in the country is an amazing tribute to all of his hard work and his teammates over his four years. If we don’t get to the NCAA Tournament, no one really knows about him as much so it’s a great honor for him. It speaks volumes for the team and the program.”

Sears will play in the 2016 Gotham Hoops Invitational this weekend, an event designed for players pursuing careers overseas, before displaying his skills again at the Portsmouth Invitational later in the month, a tournament which attracts hundreds of scouts from NBA and European teams.

Mason, who captured the nation’s attention with a 31-point performance in Yale’s first-round upset over Baylor in the NCAA Tournament, is taking advantage of the NCAA rule change that moved the date by which men’s basketball players must remove their names from the NBA draft if they decide not to go pro. Rather than needing to withdraw in early April, players now have up to 10 days after the conclusion of the NBA Draft Combine, which this year is May 15.

This rule, paired with a change that allows students to enter the NBA draft multiple times without jeopardizing eligibility and participate in the combine as well as in one tryout per NBA team per year, allows Mason to essentially become a temporary professional prospect, try out with teams and return to school for his junior season.

While it has become commonplace among some of the premiere college basketball pro-

grams for players to leave school early for the NBA, the move would be unprecedented in Yale basketball history. In fact, only one player since 1949 has been drafted out of the Ivy League after leaving school early: Princeton’s Brian Taylor was drafted in the second round of the 1972 draft by the Seattle SuperSonics after leaving school following his junior season.

Mason told the News that he expects to return next year, and hopes to work out with teams to give them an additional chance to see him play.

“Makai is testing the waters to find out if he is good enough to play now or if he is not, what does he have to do to become good enough to play,” Jones said.

“He wants to figure out what is best for him personally, and I think it’s great.”

Mason led the Bulldogs with 16.0 points per game this season, edging out Sears’ mark of 15.7.

Sherrod was the subject of two of the most interesting storylines of the season. He entered his senior campaign a season removed from basketball, as he took a year off to travel the world with the renowned a capella group, the Whiffenpoofs.

“Before the season started, I don’t know what Brandon was thinking in terms of what he wanted to do for the rest of his life or the next year or so, but I think that after the experience he had with our basketball program, he feels like he would like to pursue basketball,” Jones said.

“He will try to play here or overseas sometime this year.”

After singing in 26 different countries, the senior came back and seamlessly slipped into the starting lineup.

A proficient rebounder and defender in the paint, Sherrod also demonstrated a marked improvement offensively.

Beginning in the second half of Yale’s opening Ivy League contest against Brown on Jan. 16, the forward made 30 consecu-

KRISTINA KIM/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Forward Justin Sears ’16, left, and point guard Makai Mason ’18 both intend to declare for the upcoming NBA Draft. tive field goals — a new NCAA record.

Thanks in part to his streak, Sherrod finished with a 56.8 shooting percentage from the field, the best among all Yale starters. He also averaged 12.7 points and 7.0 rebounds per game this season.

The players are not the only members of the Yale men’s basketball program to receive significant attention, as Jones has earned numerous honors following his 17th year at the helm of the Bulldogs’ program, and his first trip to the NCAA Tournament.

In the past few weeks alone, Jones earned the CollegeInsider. com Hugh Durham Award, presented annually to the nation’s top mid-major coach; the United States Basketball Writers Association District 1 Coach

of the Year; and the Advocates For Athletic Equity Division I Coach of the Year Award. He has also won the Ivy League and National Association of Basketball Coaches District 13 Coach of the Year awards for the past two years.

The preparations of Sears, Mason and Sherrod come a year after former point guard Javier Duren ’15 made the move to professional basketball. Duren, a first-team All-Ivy honoree in 2015, has spent this season with Aris Leeuwarden in the Netherlands, where he leads the league in scoring.

In total, the Elis have had three players — Chris Dudley ’87, Butch Graves ’84 and Tony Lavelli ’49 — play in the NBA. Contact JACOB MITCHELL at jacob.mitchell@yale.edu and

Over Stuffed Pastrami Sandwich with Brown Mustard on Jewish Rye or Pumpernickel Matzah Ball Soup Kosher Pickles Potato/Spinach Knish's Cole slaw Rugelach Sweet Kugel Join us on Tuesday, April 5, from 5:00 to 7:30 p.m. for an evening of deliciousness

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 5, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 5

NEWS

“An inefficient virus kills its host. A clever virus stays with it.”

JAMES LOVELOCK ENGLISH SCIENTIST, ENVIRONMENTALIST AND FUTURIST

YNHH patient makes historic HIV-positive organ donation

BY PADDY GAVIN STAFF REPORTER Yale-New Haven Hospital played a major role last month in the country’s first organ transplant between two individuals with HIV. In mid-March, the family of a Yale-New Haven patient with HIV, whose personal details have been kept confidential, informed their social worker of their wish to donate the patient’s liver and kidney to another individual living with the infection. Transplant surgeon and professor of medicine Maricar Malinis led the team that harvested the organs from the patient, who was braindead. The organs were transported to Johns Hopkins Hospital where they were transplanted into two HIV-positive patients on March 19. The kidney transplant is the first transplant in the United States between patients with HIV, while the liver transplant is the first of its kind in the world.

Procedures of this kind were previously prohibited by federal laws, which were first instituted during the HIV scare of the 1980s, Chief Executive Officer of the New England Organ Bank Alexandra Glazier said. But the HIV Organ Policy Equity Act, passed in 2013, allowed for transplants to take place between people with HIV within the setting of clinical research, Malinis said.

The March procedure was part of a study being coordinated by Johns Hopkins University, which was the first hospital in the country to be approved to conduct these transplants.

According to Malinis, the YaleNew Haven Hospital patient’s family heard about study currently conducted at Johns Hopkins University and asked the patient’s social worker if donation was possible “Currently at Yale we are working with the Hopkins [trans-

plant team, but Yale was] not set up [to perform transplant surgery] until November, so everything is still a work in progress,” Malinis said.

Malinis said she contacted Johns Hopkins Hospital and the New England Organ Bank, who coordinated the transplant between the patient at Yale-New Haven and the patients at Johns Hopkins.

Glazier said the procedure was a “win-win.” In addition to the obvious benefits for the HIVpositive recipients of the liver and kidney, HIV-negative patients waiting for organs also benefited, because the procedure could shorten their time on the waitlist.

“This is a landmark case, and it’s groundbreaking because it’s opening up a whole new opportunity for organ donation and translocation in [the United States] to benefit those waiting for transplants that are HIV-positive … and an additional benefit on the donor side is that it will allow those with HIV to share in saving lives through organ donation,” Glazier said. “I think [the procedure] is quite significant on a number of levels, and we are very pleased and honored to have been part of it.”

Glazier also expressed hope that as more hospitals become capable of performing these surgeries, many more organ donations and transplants between people with HIV will occur, providing these opportunities to an ever-expanding pool of donors, recipients and families. She added that several hospitals in the New England region, including Massachusetts General Hospital, are hoping to perform transplants between people with HIV in the future.

Program Director of the HIV Primary Care Training Track at the Yale School of Medicine Lydia Aoun-Barakat emphasized that the transplantation surgery not only opens the door to lifesaving

YALE DAILY NEWS

Yale-New Haven Hospital participated in the first liver transplant in the world between patients with HIV. procedures in the future, but will also improve the quality of life of other individuals living with HIV. She added that the procedure helped remove the stigma associated with HIV and instead provided both hope and a “humanization” of the disease.

“HIV-infected individuals are humans and have the right to access all aspects of quality care and innovation in medicine,” Barakat said. “As far at YSM and YNHH, it reflected on the mission of the institution to be the leader in research, patient care

and community engagement.”

Malinis described the transplant as a “major breakthrough” in transfer medicine and HIV medicine in general, adding that she sensed that the operation made the public hopeful for the future of HIV medicine.

In a statement, Dorry Segev, the surgeon who presided over the transplantation at Hopkins, expressed his gratitude to the members of the federal government who worked to institute the HOPE Act and make the procedure possible.

“We are very thankful to Congress, the president and the entire transplant community for letting us use organs from HIV-positive patients to save lives instead of throwing them away, as we had to do for so many years,” Segev said.

Sean Fitzpatrick, vice president for communications of the New England Organ Bank, said up to 1,000 HIV-infected patients could be saved from liver and kidney failure each year in the United States if organs from deceased, HIV-positive donors could be transplanted nation-

The future of archaeology: Space-based approaches to ancient landscapes public lecture by

2016 TED Prize Winner Sarah Parcak ’01 wednesday, april 6, 5 pm whitney humanities center 53 wall street This lecture will describe how archaeology has evolved from a primarily ground-based endeavor to one using a wide range of space and airborne remote sensing tools. The talk will share results from the field, as well as how these technologies can assist in the mapping of ongoing looting in the Middle East. Parcak is an Associate Professor of Anthropology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (uab) and the Founding Director of the uab Laboratory for Global Observation. Her research represents the first large-scale landscape archaeology approaches to the field of Egyptology.

Co-sponsored by the Yale Institute for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage and Timothy Dwight College.

For more information, see ungc.yale.edu/calendar.

#unite4heritage

wide. He added that this would also shorten the waiting list for uninfected people waiting for organ donations.

“Hopefully this will open up the door to many other donations and transplants,” Glazier said.

“The need is there — there are so many waiting for a transplant.

This should encourage other organizations and transfer programs with this success underneath us.”

Contact PADDY GAVIN at paddy.gavin@yale.edu .

PAGE 6

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 5, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT

“Man is the riddle of the universe, and the riddle of man in his endowment with personal capacities.” HARRY EMERSON FOSDICK AMERICAN PASTOR

Med school dorm infested with bedbugs

State eyes taxable properties TAX FROM PAGE 1

YALE DAILY NEWS

Students say administrators have grossly mishandled an outbreak of bedbugs in a medical school dorm.

BEDBUGS FROM PAGE 1 of Facilities to iron out a more effective strategy for dealing with future bedbug infestations.

The infestation reported last week — the sixth since October — prompted the MSC to meet on Friday with the medical school’s Director of Admissions Richard Silverman and Admissions Administrative Assistant Barbara Watts to make the case for moving the visitors to a hotel. According to one MSC representative, who asked to remain anonymous due to the sensitivity of the topic, Silverman and Watts initially decided it would be safe to house the visiting students in Harkness, after receiving assurances from the building’s facilities superintendent, Robert Young, that the infestation was under control. Young declined to comment for this article.

But on Monday night, the admissions officers seemed to change their minds. The timing of the announcement coincided with the discovery of live bedbugs in the newly infested eighth-floor room during a follow-up inspection conducted on Monday.

“Although a careful examination of the room did not turn up any bugs, the exterminator decided to go a step further, and broke apart a plywood board that was under the mattress,” wrote Director of Graduate and Professional Student Housing George Longyear in a private email to a Harkness resident obtained by the News.

“Inside the plywood board, bedbugs were found.”

In the same email, Longyear apologized for the stress the bedbug infestations have created for building residents and promised to do “everything possible to fix this situation.”

Longyear did not respond to a phone call requesting comment on Monday.

The decision to relocate the visiting students to a hotel also came less than a day after News reporters contacted the medical school’s admissions department with questions about the admitted students slated to sleep in Harkness Hall.

“Admissions seemed to vacillate back and forth between taking Facilities’ word that everything was under control, versus our concerns that it isn’t,” said Kayla Isaacs MED ’19, a building resident who has closely followed the bedbug issue. “I don’t know if the impending Yale Daily News article was ultimately the reason they made this decision, but it certainly provided the situation with an extra tinge of urgency. It raised the stakes.”

Silverman and Watts did not return numerous emails and phone calls requesting comment.

Isaacs added that it would have been a public-relations “disaster” for the University to house admitted medical students in a building with a history of bedbug infestations.

“It makes no sense to take even a slight chance of having an admitted student bring bedbugs home from Yale’s Second Look,” Isaacs said. “Or to have admitted students discussing on [the online forum] Student Doctor Network the administration’s failure to protect them from unwittingly staying in a building with an ongoing bedbug problem that Admissions knew about.”

According to Harkness residents, the housing and facilities administrators’ inadequate response to previous bedbug infestations in the building raised significant doubts over whether the prob-

lem had been sufficiently contained. One resident, who said her room on the eighth floor became infested in October, complained that administrators have done a poor job communicating with residents about best practices for catching infestations.

The resident, who asked to remain anonymous because of the stigma attached to bedbugs, added that many students living in Harkness Hall feel the housing and facilities team has handled the problem with “mismanagement or even negligence.”

The resident described an incident in February in which administrators allowed a student whose room was infested to move to a different floor along with all her possessions, many of which were teeming with bedbugs. The decision to transport the belongings, which the resident described as “gross incompetence,” caused a new infestation on a different floor of the building.

The student, who declined to comment on the broader bedbug issue, confirmed that her belongings carried the bedbugs to a previously uninfested floor.

“I believe Facilities is trying, but everything I’ve observed over the past few months suggests to me that they are in over their head,” the resident said. “We have been told multiple times that the problem has been resolved, only to have reports of a new room that has been affected. As far as I am concerned, if the problem is spreading, it is not under control.”

The first bedbug infestation in Harkness Hall was discovered on the eighth floor in early October. Two other rooms in the same hallway reported infestations a few days later, and a fourth was discovered

in February. The fifth eighthfloor infestation was reported late last week in a different part of the same hallway that housed the first four infestations.

None of the visiting admitted students were slated to sleep on either the eighth or 10th floor of Harkness Hall.

But the prospect of housing admitted students in any part of a building infested by bedbugs was apparently enough to convince the admissions office to move the visiting students.

It can be tremendously difficult to exterminate bedbugs, parasitic insects that feed on human blood and whose bites produce uncomfortable rashes.

The insects, which reproduce quickly and can easily spread to adjacent rooms, thrive in bedspreads, clothing and the tiny nooks and crannies between floor and wall.

CT Pest, the pest-control company paid by the University to exterminate the bedbugs, used a heating treatment to combat the first round of infestations in October, in line with official University protocol. But the company switched to a different method to eliminate the later infestations, using the nontoxic silica dust pesticide to clear each room. Longyear confirmed in a March 2 email to a building resident that the Office of Facilities had revised its bedbug protocol after meeting with a prominent insect expert who recommended the silica dust approach.

Longyear told the same resident in an Oct. 15 email that bedbug outbreaks are generally “few and far between” at Yale.

Victor Wang contributed reporting.

Contact DAVID YAFFE-BELLANY at david.yaffe-bellany@yale.edu .

and the rest of New Haven’s state delegation for eliminating Gov. Dannel Malloy’s proposed cuts to municipal aid for fiscal year 2016 and restoring $140 million in hospital funding around Connecticut. The proposed tax on Yale’s properties would yield $78 million a year for the state, according to state Rep. Toni Walker, D-New Haven. Looney noted that municipal aid has been prioritized over other kinds of state spending, acknowledging the importance municipal aid holds for New Haven.

The city contains the most taxexempt property of all of Connecticut’s municipalities, missing out on over $130 million of tax revenue in a year, according to news site TrendCT. Last week’s mitigation plan saved $16.7 million of municipal aid cuts, $1.7 million of which will go to New Haven. In Monday’s press conference, Harp maintained that the city still faces “financial challenges” due to limited revenue options.

“We know this dynamic is similar to budget problems at the state level,” Harp said. “We also know the state has at its disposal more options than New Haven has.”

Alongside legislation passed last year providing additional revenue streams to cities, New Haven’s state lawmakers have attempted to add S.B. 413 and S.B. 414 to this year’s toolkit.

The endowment tax bill entered the national spotlight after a public hearing in front of the state’s finance committee March 22, only to be shot down by the Malloy administration a week later.

Still, Looney noted that the bill — which would have been the first of its kind — served to generate discussion on a new issue, which might bolster similar bills in future years in the state.

S.B. 413, which is backed by New Haven’s state lawmakers, arrived in the midst of a Congressional investigation of the 56 universities and colleges with endowments of $1 billion or more. In February, the Republican-led Senate Committee on Finance and House Committee on Ways and Means sent a letter to the schools, requesting detailed information on the management and use of their endowments.

Harvard University recently released its response to the inquiry, stressing that its taxexempt status benefits the institution’s teaching and research functions. Harvard’s response noted that $175 million was dedicated to undergraduate financial aid in the last fiscal year, made possible by its $37.6 billion endowment, 84 percent of which consists of restricted gifts.

Similarly, about 75 percent of Yale’s $25.6 billion endowment is restricted. While Yale has not publicly released any of the endowment information it has provided to Congress, the University has taken on an aggressive stance against both bills.

In public testimony March 22, Associate Vice President for Federal Relations Richard Jacob contended that the bills are unconstitutional given the University’s right to nontaxation as established by its 1701

charter. At the end of the month, Vice President for New Haven and State Affairs Bruce Alexander ’65 emailed Yale alumni who live in Connecticut, asking them to share their potential concerns about the bills with lawmakers.

Alexander published an op-ed in the Hartford Courant Saturday, claiming the bills could drive potential investors from the state.

“The proposed bills, raised at the request of Yale unions and advocacy groups to promote graduate student unionization, reflect short-sighted politics,” Alexander wrote.

Members from Local 33 — the union formerly known as the Graduate Employees and Students Organization — and analysts from the union coalition UNITE HERE testified in favor of both bills March 22.

Yale began its four-year contract negotiations with Locals 34 and 35, which represent the University’s workers, in mid-March.

The University does not recognize Local 33.

Looney deferred from attributing the bills to union pressure, saying they arose from the city of New Haven, the Connecticut Center for a New Economy and the city’s state delegation. Leaders of Locals 33, 34 and 35 could not be reached for comment Monday evening.

While S.B. 413 has met a dead end, Looney said it had been mischaracterized as an attack against the University. Instead, he said, the bill was intended to incentivize the University to increase endowment spending for purposes of education, general municipal assistance and local economy-building.

S.B. 414, which Malloy has not commented on this legislative session, has been backed by Harp and the Board of Alders.

The property tax bill resembles a similar bill supported

by Rep. Pat Dillon MPH ’98, D-New Haven, in 1990. Dillon told the News that her investigation of the University’s taxexempt property that year led her to become involved in the legislation, which the General Assembly did not pass. Dillon said the city instead used the bill as leverage for yearly voluntary payments from the University.

Yale has made over $96 million in voluntary payments to the city since 1990.

Looney defined S.B. 414 as “an issue of great complexity,” noting that the University pays taxes on its commercial property. Instead, Looney said, the bill focuses on the line between academic research from the University and research which begins to have commercial purposes.

“That’s what that bill is about — to sort of update the concept of tax exemption, and to look at what standards should be applied in that regard,” Looney said Monday.

The University has ties to a number of local biotech companies, ranging from the newly relocated pharmaceutical company Alexion to startups like Proteolix and Arvinas, both established by molecular, cellular and developmental biology professor Craig Crews.

Contact MICHELLE LIU at michelle.liu@yale.edu .

Lofton becomes first FAS deputy dean for diversity LOFTON FROM PAGE 1 “My job is to work to identify what makes Yale not as equal or as open as it ought to be,” Lofton said. “It is to call for all members of the Yale community to take up the charge to rethink privilege in its many forms and to ensure the cultivation of criticism on this score from wherever it may come.”

Gendler praised Lofton for her effectiveness as a leader as well as for her wide range of leadership roles across the University. Gendler said she received 16 formal nominations and self-nominations for the position over the past few months, and she also interviewed 15 other faculty members for additional suggestions, before

selecting Lofton.

“Even on a campus filled with extraordinary people, Lofton stands out as uncannily thoughtful, articulate, imaginative, energetic and — most importantly — wise,” Gendler told the News.

“The job of the deputy dean will be to advise me on FAS implementation of the campuswide diversity initiative, and to coordinate support and mentoring for FAS faculty.”

As deputy dean, Lofton will oversee faculty diversity efforts at both the conceptualization and implementation stages. She will identify and establish best practices in the recruitment, retention, promotion and support of FAS faculty, with a special attention

toward issues of climate for faculty who bring diversity to the institution. She will also work with FAS department chairs, search committees and faculty members to ensure that these best practices are indeed followed. Several professors recently interviewed have claimed that certain departments are not held accountable for a lack of attention to diversity.

She will also work with the Office of Institutional Research and the Provost’s Office — including Deputy Provost for Faculty Development and Diversity Richard Bribiescas — to gather and distribute analytics related to faculty diversity and excellence.

Lofton has held administrative and leadership roles at vari-

ous levels of the University. She has served as Chair of the Women’s, Gender and Sexuality Studies Department and has been involved with various FAS and Universitywide committees, including the Humanities Tenure and Appointments Committee, the UniversityWide Committee on Sexual Misconduct, the Standing Committee on Yale College Expansion and a committee that is currently evaluating Yale’s tenure and appointments policy.

Lofton is also an elected member of the FAS Senate, and has co-authored two of the Senate’s major reports: one on the new faculty conduct standards and one on how Yale will accommodate two new residential colleges.

Faculty members and colleagues praised the FAS Dean’s Office’s decision and spoke highly about Lofton’s qualities as a leader adept at navigating the inner workings of the institution.

“She is an agile diplomat who has the University’s best interests at heart and who is already inside the administrative conversations at the highest levels, having just served on the [tenure policy] review committee that just completed its very constructive recommendations for improving the tenure system,” WGSS Chair Margaret Homans said. Homans added that if Lofton is given resources and sufficient authority, she could do a “great deal” to help Yale retain and build its faculty diversity.

Ethnicity, Race and Migration Chair Matthew Jacobson called Lofton “institutionally savvy” and “unswerving” in her commitment to equity.

Jacobson added that the interim period is critical, both for defining the new deputy dean position going forward, and for thinking about the kind of scholar or professional who should hold the post in its first regular term.

“Lofton is exceptionally wellequipped to lead the discussion on both counts,” he said.

Lofton is also a professor of American Studies, history, WGSS and divinity.

Contact VICTOR WANG at v.wang@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 5, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 7

NEWS

“April is the cruellest month, breeding Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing Memory and desire, stirring Dull roots with spring rain.”

T. S. ELIOT AMERICAN-BORN BRITISH POET, ESSAYIST AND PUBLISHER

CT policy updates inspire green transport funding hike

BY CAITLYN WHERRY STAFF REPORTER Mere months after Gov. Dannel Malloy boosted transportation infrastructure funding and the Senate passed Public Act No. 15-190, which expands the range of transport programs the state can fund, the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection announced that an additional $5.8 million in grants will fund improvements to bikeways, walkways and greenways — undeveloped strips of land near urban areas devoted to recreation or environmental protection.

DEEP announced in a March 24 press release that its Recreational Trails Grant Program will sponsor 38 projects to refurbish and expand Connecticut greenways.

These projects, which DEEP expects will be mostly complete by 2017, will offer Connecticut residents more transportation options for their daily commute and will also stimulate economic and community development by connecting and resurfacing previously fragmented trails.

“This is the first round of grants through a newly reconstituted state-funded trails grant program,” DEEP Director of Communications Dennis Schain said. “They are having a very positive impact on public health, as well as, in some locations, economic development.”

Bruce Donald, chair of the Connecticut Greenways Council and president of the Farmington Valley Trails Council, attributed the increased support for this grant program to Malloy’s 2016–17 proposal to increase transportation infrastructure funding by $2.8 billion over the next 5 years. A June 2015 press release referred to Malloy’s funding commitment as “the largest investment in transportation infrastructure in Connecticut history,” noting that the next five years will see $101 million dedicated to the construction and improvement of bicycle and pedestrian trails across the state.

In the same press release, Lt. Gov. Nancy Wyman said the budget’s increased support for sustainable transportation is demonstrative of Connecticut’s forwardmindedness.

“This budget expresses Connecticut’s commitment to our future — to a stron-

ger transportation network that ensures we are moving people and products efficiently; a growing economy that creates good-paying jobs for our residents and drives expansion of our global footprint,” she said.

Donald added that DEEP can now fund a broader array of innovative projects since PA 15-190 — which expands eligibility for grants to include nonprofits and a wider variety of proposals, including trail amenities and design, land acquisition, construction, equipment and publications for bikeways, walkways and greenways — has been passed.

President of green transport nonprofit Bike Walk Connecticut Laura Baum said the trails program, though previously federally funded, was perpetually underfunded. The state affirmed this sentiment in a June 2015 press release, admitting that Connecticut has not kept up with necessary modernizations of its transportation systems.

“There was an enormous backlog of projects in Connecticut that needed funding,” Donald said. “We felt very lucky to be able to fund the vast majority of them.”

Donald noted that many of these projects are “shovel-ready” and will begin construction in the coming months. Baum added that she expects 50 to 70 percent of the projects receiving funding will be underway during this upcoming construction season.

Baum lauded the trails’ ability to develop a strong sense of community and safety, stimulate economies and allow urban citizens to experience new ecosystems. Schain also noted these initiatives will provide new places “for families to enjoy the outdoors at convenient locations.”

“The community comes alive around them,” Baum said, adding that she plans to approach the state this summer for $5 million more in funding for trail development if the expansion of the trail grant program is successful.

DEEP will host a meeting on April 7 to help grant recipients take the next steps in bringing their project proposals to fruition.

Contact CAITLYN WHERRY at caitlyn.wherry@yale.edu .

ALEXANDRA SCHMELING/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

$5.8 million in grants will fund improvements to bikeways, walkways and greenways.

OPINION.

RELIGIOUS STUDIES PRIZES

2016 The Nani Deb Memorial prize in Asian Religions is awarded annually by the Department of Religious Studies to a graduate or undergraduate student for the best senior undergraduate essay or graduate essay, to be chosen by a committee of faculty members in the Department of Religious Studies Submissions can be made to Eric Greene, Assistant Professor of Religious Studies (eric.greene@yale.edu), 451 College St. by April 15, 2016.

YOUR THOUGHTS. YOUR VOICE. YOUR PAGE.

In addition, the Department of Religious Studies, in conjunction with the Program in Judaic Studies, award two prizes annually honoring academic excellence in a senior essay. The American Jewish Congress prize is awarded to a senior in Yale College for an essay in any field of Judaic Studies, while the Obernauer Memorial prize is awarded to a graduate or undergraduate student for the best written and delivered essay on the most practical means of achieving good will among religious groups, particularly between Christians and Jews and/or between racial groups.

Directors of Undergraduate Studies who identify senior essays of high quality that address Jewish themes from within any disciplinary framework or that accomplish the goals for which the Obernauer prize was established may submit a copy of the essay to Renee Reed, Senior Administrative Assistant (renee.reed@yale.edu) for Judaic Studies, 451 College Street, by April 22, 2016.

Send submissions to opinion@yaledailynews.com

yale institute of sacred music presents

yale institute of sacred music presents

Singing at the Guru’s Court

The Choir of Merton College, Oxford

_ _ _ The Dhrupad of the_Gurbani ki_rtan Tradition Sikh hymns: Ragas and Talas from the 15th to 18th centuries

wednesday, april 6 · 7:30 pm

saturday, april 9 · 5:30 pm

Trinity Church On The Green 230 Temple St., New Haven

lecture/demonstration

Benjamin Nicholas, conductor Peter Shepherd and Alexander Little, organ

Luce Hall Auditorium · 34 Hillhouse Ave. Friday, April 8 · 4:30 · Marquand Chapel

Music of Guerrero, Duruflé, Byrd, Howells, and Weir

Free; no tickets required. ism.yale.edu Presented in collaboration with the South Asian Studies Council

Free; no tickets required. ism.yale.edu Presented in collaboration with Trinity Church on the Green

recycleyourydndaily

recycleyourydndaily

recycleyourydndaily

recycleyourydndaily

PAGE 8

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 5, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

AROUND THE IVIES

“I wrote a thesis on love, and I wrote it in lipstick. Of course, I also got blood on the paper, because the lipstick was still attached to her cheating lips.” JAROD KINTZ AMERICAN WRITER

T H E H A R VA R D C R I M S O N

T H E D A I LY P R I N C E T O N I A N

In letter to Congress, Faust makes case for endowment

Princeton responds to congressional inquiry

BY ANDREW DUEHREN AND WILLIAM SKINNER Responding to congressional inquiry about university endowments, Harvard released an extensive document Friday explaining how its $37.6 billion endowment advances its educational — and tax-exempt — mission.

Sen. Orrin Hatch and Reps. Kevin Brady and Tom Reed have begun to consider whether large university endowments, including Harvard’s, should be taxed. In a letter they sent in February to colleges and universities with endowments larger than $1 billion, the members of Congress asked a series of questions about how their endowment funds operate. University President Drew Faust submitted a public, wide-ranging response Friday.

The explanatory document, prepared in consultation with several Harvard offices, answers the lawmakers’ 13 questions and delineates the function and purpose of the university’s investment pool. It makes clear that much of the money in the 13,000 individual funds that make up Harvard’s endowment — $31 billion, or 84 percent of the total — remains restricted by the original terms of donors’ gifts. Harvard uses about 5 percent of the endowment every year for its annual operating budgets. Last year, this money funded roughly a third of Harvard’s operating expenses, including financial aid, the document notes.

In an interview Friday, Faust said that she aimed to clear common misconceptions about Harvard’s endowment — the largest of any university — with the public document.

“So many people do not understand how endowments work and they criticize them for being pots of money that we are just hoarding, and I wanted to explain that we live on the income that that pot of money can make every year,” Faust said.

Portions of the document elucidate details about how the Harvard Man-

agement Company manages the funds. In response to a question p ose d re ga rd ing how much the university spends HARVARD each year to manage the endowment, the document outlines that the Harvard Management Company is undergoing a review of its compensation system.

Over the last 5 years, HMC has consistently underperformed relative to its peers, prompting a series of leadership and administrative changes. Stephen Blyth took the helm of Harvard’s investment arm in early 2015 after Jane Mendillo stepped down the year before.

The document also notes that HMC conducted a study of its “hybrid” model of internal and external fund management. The results showed that the Harvard model consistently saved Harvard money over the last decade as compared to an all-externally managed model, like that of Yale.

“The management cost for HMC’s internally managed endowment funds is generally below 0.75 percent, while the cost of externally managed endowment funds generally averages 1–2 percent of assets under management,” the report notes.

Faust wrote an introduction to the 23-page memorandum, arguing that the Harvard’s endowment “maintains the teaching and research mission of the university.”

“The recognition and support the tax code offer to nonprofit organizations remain critical to Harvard’s success and excellence,” Faust wrote.

“Fundamentally, as with all taxexempt organizations, Harvard’s nonprofit status guarantees to its supporters and the larger community that its resources are dedicated to its charitable mission and larger societal benefits rather than to profit-making.”

BY MARCIA BROWN University President Christopher Eisgruber released a letter in response to an inquiry from several members of the U.S. Congress into Princeton’s endowment spending on Thursday.

Eisgruber did not respond to a request for comment.

The 11-page letter responds to 13 questions sent on Feb. 8 to 56 colleges and universities with endowments over $1 billion.

Eisgruber’s response notes that the university endowment was $22.7 billion as of June 30, 2015, with the primary invested pool having a market value of $22.3 billion. It is composed of permanently restricted net assets, temporarily restricted net assets and unrestricted net assets. Additionally, in fiscal year 2015, the total value of investments not included in the endowment was $558 million. The investment return on the endowment in fiscal year 2015 was 12.7 percent. The university spent $320 million in that fiscal year to manage the endowment through external and internal costs.

“Princeton’s endowment is made up of thousands of accounts, some of which date back literally hundreds of years,” Eisgruber wrote in his letter.

He added that most accounts are related to financial aid or additional educational programs such as research and teaching programs, library resources and faculty positions.

“It’s a pool of money that generates resources every year that supports the kind of teaching and research we use every year that affect the quality of the education we can offer,” Robert Durkee, vice president and secretary of the university, said.

Additionally, Eisgruber wrote that the endowment covers half the cost of the university’s operating budget and helps meet high-priority capital needs.

Eisgruber noted in the letter that the university’s financial aid program is entirely grant-based and is

considered very generous, as students graduate with only around $6,000 in debt on average compared PRINCETON to national averages. In fiscal year 2015, 25.2 percent of the endowment payout was devoted to student aid, and in 2013 and 2014 this figure was 26.4 and 25.1 percent, respectively.

In 2008, the U.S. Senate Finance Committee sent a similar bipartisan inquiry to 136 public and private colleges and universities for information regarding financial aid and endowment spending. The inquiry was sent as a response to greater congressional concern regarding endowment spending and rising college costs as a reauthorization of the Higher Education Act that was presented in Congress.

According to a February 2008 “Prince” article, a witness who had testified before the Finance Committee had presented a proposal to require colleges and universities to spend a minimum percentage of their endowments to reduce education costs for their students.

“We really welcome the opportunity to answer the questions and shed some light on how endowments are used,” Durkee said. “We welcomed it eight years ago, and we welcome it this time.”

Eisgruber addressed the university’s response to Utah Sen. Orrin Hatch, the chairman of the Senate Committee on Finance, Texas Rep. Kevin Brady, chair of the House Committee on Ways and Means and Illinois Rep. Peter Roskam, chair of the House Committee on Ways and Means Oversight Subcommittee.

“We appreciate the substantive and timely responses we have received from colleges and universities,” Lauren Aronson, spokeswoman for the House Ways and Means Committee, wrote in a statement. “As we

hear from more schools, we’ll continue to learn about how they use their tax-exempt status and spend their endowments in light of rising tuition costs.”

According to Aronson, the committee only requested the information from 56 institutions this year because of the higher endowment threshold of $1 billion. In 2008, the committee requested information from 136 colleges and universities because the endowment threshold was lower.

“The last time around, one of the lessons from the responses was that the universities with more substantial endowments are able to provide more generous financial aid and do,” Durkee said. “One of the starting questions was whether the universities should be encouraged or required to give more financial aid when they have more endowment resources, but the answer is that those are the universities that do provide more generous financial aid.”

Durkee said that the grant-based financial aid policy that Princeton and its peers have adopted is one example of the generous financial aid.

Eisgruber wrote in his response that the amount of students receiving Pell Grants increased from 7.2 percent in the class of 2008 to 18 percent in the class of 2018, in part due to the level of need-based aid the university could supply.

Durkee noted that an example of an educational practice that requires significant resources is the senior thesis, which was not mentioned in the response.

“It’s a very expensive educational practice to require every senior to write a thesis because of the faculty time involved and the research resources required; that’s a very expensive way of providing an undergraduate education, but it pays enormous dividends on undergraduate experience,” Durkee said. “We can do that because of the resources we have, and other places might like to do that, but they don’t have the financial capacity to do it.”

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 5, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 9

BULLETIN BOARD

TODAY’S FORECAST

TOMORROW

Sunny, with a high near 40. Wind chill values between 15 and 25. North wind 14 to 16 mph.

THURSDAY

High of 44, low of 44.

High of 57, low of 41.

FRESHMAN PARKING LOT BY MICHAEL HILLFIGER

ON CAMPUS TUESDAY, APRIL 5 3:30 PM Lecture: Commemorating Graduate Co-Education.

We invite the Yale community to join us to view a new portrait of Yale’s first women Ph.D.s, awarded in 1894. Celebrate this historic event for graduate co-education. Yale’s decision to accept women would forever change academia and the course of women’s advancement. Sterling Memorial Library (120 High St.), Lecture Hall.

7:30 PM Jamil Smith: Question All Authority: Intersectional Journalism as a Humanizing Force. Jamil Smith is a senior national correspondent for MTV News, and former senior editor at New Republic where he was host of the magazine’s first podcast, Intersection. He has served as a producer for MSNBC’s “The Rachel Maddow Show” and “Melissa Harris-Perry.” He won three Sports Emmy Awards during his six years with NFL Films. Dunham Laboratory (10 Hillhouse Ave.), Rm. 220.

DOONESBURY BY GARRY TRUDEAU

WEDNESDAY, APRIL 6 12:30 PM Gallery Talk, The Frontier in American Art. Where does America begin and where does it end? In its first century as a nation, America’s borders were constantly moving. Mark D. Mitchell, the newly appointed Holcombe T. Green curator of American paintings and sculpture, discusses representations of the edge of the nation by artists such as John Trumbull, Frederic Edwin Church and Albert Bierstadt. Yale University Art Gallery (1111 Chapel St.).

4:00 PM Developmental Psychology Taylor Lecture: The Origin of Abstract Combinatorial Thought. Susan Carey is a psychologist whose work has explored fundamental issues surrounding the nature of the human mind. She has won numerous awards for her work on conceptual development.

Rosenfeld Hall (109 Grove St.).

Interested in or cartoons drawing illustrations for the

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Los Angeles Times Daily Crossword Puzzle CROSSWORD Edited by Rich Norris and Joyce Lewis ACROSS 1 Riffles (through) 6 Kitty cries 10 Like some chatter or threats 14 Birdbath buildup 15 Plant “pet” 16 Bellyache 17 *Game with a barrel-throwing gorilla 19 “Flip or Flop” cable channel 20 Dueling sword 21 Stare unsubtly 22 Slammer 23 Wreck completely 25 “Moi?” 27 __ Lingus 28 Reason for an R rating 31 “I __ thought of that” 34 Place to overnight 35 Crooner Cole 36 Stat that’s better when it’s lower 37 *Lock insert 41 Expressive rock genre 42 Architect Maya __ 43 Serengeti grazer 44 Crease-resistant fabric 46 Sewer system entry points 49 Back when 50 Alpine warble 51 Art form profiled in the documentary “Between the Folds” 55 Joint sometimes twisted 57 Fishing decoy 59 Have __: be connected 60 “Are you for __?!”

61 *Karl Marx opus 63 Motown’s Marvin 64 Prefix meaning “all” 65 Singer Baker 66 Call router: Abbr.

67 Bread served with chicken tikka masala 68 Go to pot ... or a phonetic hint to the answers to starred clues

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By C.C. Burnikel

DOWN 1 Stored in the hold 2 Become running mates?

3 Dancer de Mille 4 Skin bronzing from a bottle 5 “Understand?”

6 Jim of “Wide World of Sports” 7 Self-help website 8 [Don’t take me too seriously] 9 Hang loosely 10 Announcement from the foyer 11 *Temporary housing for Fido 12 Behind schedule 13 Green-eyed monster 18 “Son of Frankenstein” role 22 D.C. insider 24 No longer working: Abbr.

26 Sharpen 28 Computer invader 29 Hunter’s garb, for short 30 Thames school 31 Captain’s position

Monday’s Puzzle Solved

©2016 Tribune Content Agency, LLC

32 Opera highlight 33 *“The Court Jester” star 38 Stare rudely at 39 “He’s a priest,” not a beast, per Ogden Nash 40 Bear or Berra 45 Propecia rival 47 Shout out 48 Glorifying verse 49 Word after work or play

4/5/16

SUDOKU CEREAL FOR BREAKFAST

4/5/16

51 Pest control company 52 Bit of slapstick 53 Sporty Mazda 54 Cavity filler 55 Jason’s vessel 56 Half-moon tide 58 Midshipman’s sch.

61 Ex-Dodger manager Mattingly 62 __ Thai: rice noodle dish

7 8 4 6 2 9 1 7 4 2

6 1 2 9 6 4 6 3 1 4 1 2 7 5 9 2

8 6 5

7 3 1 8 7 8 6 5 6 1 9

PAGE 10

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 5, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

SPORTS

“I am just pushing a mountain, and it’s hard. If [my] injury has told me anything about myself, it is that I am very strong mentally.” RAMY ASHOUR NO. 4 SQUASH PLAYER IN WORLD

Four regattas, two top-three finishes SAILING FROM PAGE 14

The first-place finish for the Yale coed sailing team was the Bulldogs’ second win of the spring season.

Elis fall versus Ivy foes

COURTESY OF WILLIAM HEALY

day meant that all racing had to occur on Saturday, with 91 races finished before 4:30 p.m.

The performance gave the Yale coed team its second first-place result of the spring season heading into the New England Team Race Championship, which qualifies the top four coed teams from New England for the national championship.

“It’s awesome to see everyone on the team asking lots of questions and being focused on each race, whether they are sailing or spectating,” Kiss said.

The women’s team took home the other top-three finish for Yale over the weekend, claiming third at the Dellenbaugh Trophy and resuming its normal season of fleet racing after a team race regatta last weekend. Unlike the coed team, the women’s team continued competition in Rhode Island on Sunday, completing only three races due to high winds after finishing seven on Saturday.

Casey Klingler ’18 skippered in A division with crews Emily Johnson ’16 and Claire Huebner ’18, placing first in the division after finishing four of the five races in the top three.

In B division, Marly Isler ’16 skippered with crews Kira Woods ’19 and Johnson and sailed into 11th out of the 18 teams competing. The Bulldogs’ A and B division scores summed to 63 points, 19 points behind No. 1 Rhode Island and four behind No. 6 Stanford.

“We’re feeling good going into [qualifiers],” Klingler said. “This weekend, what I was thinking about was minimizing big mistakes, and that’s what we’ve been trying to do as a team — focusing on getting off the line and doing everything big picture correctly. Going into nationals [on May 26–27], we’re getting the basics down and focusing on starts and boathandling so that’s not something we have to worry about at nationals or even qualifiers [on April 23–24].”

A group from the coed team also competed at the Camel Team Race at Connecticut College. After six races, the Elis landed in a three-way tie for second, forcing a team race tiebreaker with Connecticut College and Roger Williams. The Bulldogs battled it out for second but wound up finishing

fourth with a score of 24 points in the tiebreaker.

Yale, which finished its six races with a 4–2 record, would have finished 5–1, ahead of Connecticut College and Roger Williams, had it not been for a protested race when St. Mary’s and Yale met in the round robin. St. Mary’s — which went on to win the regatta with no losses — protested Yale skipper Eric Anderson ’16 for drifting into a downwind boat that had the right of way.

Despite the Bulldogs’ 1–3–5 finish — which would have been a winning combination, making it St. Mary’s only loss of the regatta — St. Mary’s won the protest, resulting in a disqualifying loss for Yale in the matchup.

The coed Elis also travelled to the Central Series 3 regatta, a fleet race hosted by Harvard in which Yale placed ninth. Charles Skoda ’17 and Claire Rossi de Leon ’19 sailed into eighth in A division with 57 points.

Patrick Buehler ’18 skippered B division with crew Elizabeth Tokarz ’17, finishing eighth with 42 points in both sailors’ spring season debut.

While both duos placed eighth in their respective divisions, the cumulative score of 99 put Yale in ninth for the regatta, behind Harvard’s 91 points.

Next weekend, the New England Team Race Championship will take place at Coast Guard. For fleet racing, the coed team has another month of practice before qualifiers on May 1, while the women’s team has three weekends of competition before its at-home qualifiers on April 23, but will be competing each weekend in the meantime.

“Overall, we have done so much better,” said Nicholas Baird ’19, who skippered eight of Yale’s 13 races at the Marchiando. “It is not always how good you are, but how quickly you get better in comparison to the other teams, and we’ve gotten a lot better … We’re allowed to feel pretty confident knowing our results against other teams recently, but Yale generally does poorly at qualifiers, and it’s a really shifty venue, so anything can happen.”

Contact AYLA BESEMER at ayla.besemer@yale.edu .

Yale finishes 14th out of 15 WOMEN’S GOLF FROM PAGE 14

JOEY YE/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Two-time first-team All-Ivy selection Tyler Lu ’17 will miss the remainder of the season due to injury.

M. TENNIS FROM PAGE 14 Tiger sophomore Kial Kaiser. However, the rest of the Bulldog squad was unable to complement Doehler’s success, with straight-set losses

by Adrienko, Svenning and Dennis Wang allowing Princeton to secure the victory.

Ziqi Wang’s No. 1 singles match and Hagermoser’s No. 3 singles match, though both in the middle of decisive third sets, were cut short when the Tigers clinched the win.

With five remaining Ivy League matches on the calendar, Yale will return home to the Cullman-Heyman Tennis Center next weekend as it faces formidable opponents in No. 28 Columbia and No. 56 Cornell. The pair of matchups will kick off a stretch of four consecutive ranked opponents for Yale.

However, three of those five meetings will be at home, where the Bulldogs boast an 8–3 record this season. The team hopes that success can translate into its first Ivy win

next weekend in front of the Yale crowd.

“Playing at home is certainly a benefit, [since] we know the courts very well,” Svenning said. “Even though we have two very tough matches upcoming next weekend, I am confident that we can win.”

Yale is currently tied with Brown and No. 47 Harvard for sixth in the conference standings.

Contact MATTHEW STOCK at matthew.stock@yale.edu .

formance for the Bulldogs, with a 229 (+13) over the 54 holes.

“Peng has been able to produce a low score despite being out for most of the spring due to a wrist injury,” head coach Chawwadee Rompothong ’00 said. “I see her improving each day as she is able to practice more now.”

Peng started strong in the first round with a 74 (+2), consisting of a birdie and three bogeys on the front nine and pars on all of the back-nine holes. After shooting a 79 in the second round, the sophomore finished with a 76, going even on the front nine.

Following only a few shots behind Peng was Julie Luo ’19, who, along with Sandy Wongwaiwate ’17, tied for the team lead with six birdies. After shooting a 78 and 79 in the first two rounds, Luo matched Peng’s top performance by tallying a 74 of her own, consisting of a front nine in which she shot par with two birdies. In the other six-birdie performance, Wongwaiwate shot a 237 (+21), which included a 77 in the first round.

“I was really impressed with how Julie played this past weekend,” Peng said. “This was her first tournament of the spring season, she was very consistent and I could see her hard work paid off.”

One of the highlights of the weekend for Elisabeth Bernabe ’17 and Yale overall came on Friday, when the junior eagled the par-five second hole. She would ultimately finish with a 238 (+22), fifth best on the team.

Deanna Song ’16, the team’s lone senior, finished three strokes better than Bernabe. Her 235 (+19) was the third-best scorecard for the Bulldogs, while Jayshree Sarathy ’18, competing as an individual in the tournament, shot a 243 (+34) to round out the Yale golfers.

“I thought Jayshree Sarathy played really well last weekend,” Luo said. “As a short hitter on a long course, it played very tricky for her, but she focused and tried really hard on every shot and was able to play well. She was even

COURTESY OF YALE ATHLETICS

Julie Luo ’19 shot a 231 (+15), second best on the Bulldogs, including a twoover score of 74 in her third round. making up-and-down [shots] from 70–80 yards out for par.”

The winner of the tournament was Troy University, which shot an 871 in 54 holes. Harvard, which beat Yale by just one stroke in last year’s Ivy League Championship, finished 36 strokes ahead of Yale this weekend with an 895 (+31), good enough to tie for third place.

While Yale struggled on the longer parts of the course, the Bulldogs finished only five strokes behind the leader in the par-three category, as well as tallying the seventh-most pars overall.

“I love that the team kept on fighting and learning from each day and each tournament,” Rompothong said. “I feel that we are heading in the right direction.”

The Bulldogs look toward the River Landing Classic in North Carolina next weekend. The Yale men’s team, meanwhile, will return to action in the Princeton Invitational.

Contact SEBASTIAN KUPCHAUNIS at sebastian.kupchaunis@yale.edu .

76130 YALE DAILY NEWS 路 TUESDAY, APRIL 5, 2016 路 yaledailynews.com

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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 5, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Researchers uncover the Tully Monster

BY ANAMIKA VEERAMANI STAFF REPORTER

SONIA RUIZ/CONTRIBUTING ILLUSTRATOR

BY ZAINAB HAMID CONTRIBUTING REPORTER According to a newly published Yale study, differences in smoking habits between whites and African-Americans may disadvantage the latter in terms of access to potentially lifesaving medical interventions.

The study, published last month in the journal Nicotine & Tobacco Research, was conducted by researchers at the Yale School of Public Health. The researchers used data from the National Health Interview Surveys, conducted from 1965 to 2012, to identify differences in tobacco-smoking habits between white and African-American smokers. The study analyzed smoking history patterns following the 1964 publication of the Surgeon General’s Report, which linked smoking with adverse health effects. The researchers found that African-Americans are less likely than whites to begin smoking at younger ages, but also

less likely to quit as they get older.

The study also found that African-American smokers smoke fewer cigarettes a day compared to whites.

“For young people, the smoking rates are initially higher for the white population, but then it reverses and the rates for the African-Americans take over,” said Theodore Holford, coauthor of the study and a professor at the School of Public Health.

According to Holford, despite smoking fewer cigarettes a day, African-American males are at a higher risk of suffering from smoking-related diseases, particularly lung cancer. Holford said that this “somewhat contradictory result” could be attributed to the fact that AfricanAmericans are more likely to continue smoking into their later years, when the health risks of smoking become most apparent. Holford added that certain biological differences might also play a role, explaining that the length of time it takes for nicotine

A new Yale study has shed light on the ancestors of the modern lamprey, a vertebrate belonging to the family of jawless fish with toothed, sucking mouths.

Researchers in Yale’s Department of Geology & Geophysics have recently identified the proper classification for the elusive “Tully Monster,” or Tullimonstrum gregarium, an ancient vertebrate native to the Midwestern United States.

The team discovered that the creature was a vertebrate that belonged to the stem lamprey family. The researchers said that by classifying this organism as a vertebrate lamprey, they have redefined the boundaries of the entire lamprey family tree. The findings were published in the journal Nature last month.

“There are a lot of fossils in the fossil record that are unidentified — but they’re around 500 or 600 years old,” said senior study author Victoria McCoy GRD ’15, who is currently a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Leicester. “But with the Tully Monster, it was really strange to have something that young — 300 million years old — with this distinctive of a morphology that was still unidentified.”

Scientists had been struggling to classify the Tully Monster since the 1950s.

Erin Saupe, study co-author and postdoctoral associate in Yale’s Department of Geology & Geophysics, emphasized that the Tully Monster has such a “strange combination of features” that it was originally suspected to be everything from a gastropod, to a worm, to a vertebrate.

McCoy also said the research was ambiguous, describing the potential implications of a shift in biological classifications.

“With the Tully Monster, we found we had two options: Was it a member of a new group or a strange representation of a current group?” McCoy said. “If it was a new group, then we’d have to add a new branch to the tree.”

After a thorough investigation, the research team found that the Tully Monster turned out to be a “strange representation” of the existing lamprey group.

“We found that [the Tully Monster] was a vertebrate and was related to the lampreys, which means that the lampreys were much more diversified than we originally believed,” McCoy said.

Sean McMahon, a co-author of the study and a postdoctoral associate in the G&G Department, said the most salient finding was that the mysterious creature was a vertebrate.

According to McMahon, the study was born out of a collaboration between

researchers in G&G professor Derek Briggs’ research group, during which McCoy asked they revisit the Tully Monster fossils using modern technology.

The group divided the project into several parts, and some members looked at the creature’s teeth while others examined the method of fossilization, McMahon said.

This classification process was carried out through a combination of modern techniques including elemental mapping — images showing spatial distributions of elements in a sample — examination of morphology — the relationship between form and structure of a living organism — and investigation of fossilization methods. While all parts of the fossil were examined, special attention was given to a particular light line running from the eyes to the end of the tail, McCoy said.

“This [line] was previously interpreted as the gut, but it didn’t seem consistent with other guts we had seen. Then, when I was reading up on lampreys and hagfish, I saw that those groups have a very similar feature — this was identified in the lampreys and hagfish as a notochord.”

A notochord is a skeletal rod supporting the body, and is found in all vertebrates. The identification of this structure completed the puzzle and allowed the researchers to come to conclusively classify the creature, McMahon said.

Using these new findings about the Tully Monster, McCoy was able to support a current hypothesis on the lamprey family. Modern lampreys are all very similar, but, based on the classification of the Tully Monster, the researchers hypothesized that today’s lampreys are just one small remnant group of what was once a large and diversified group, McCoy said.

“Tully Monster is the first discovered fossil in the lamprey division that is wildly different-looking from its present-day members — are there more?”

McCoy said.

Saupe said the team hopes to investigate the methods of fossilization in the area where the Tully Monster was discovered: the Mazon Creek fossil sites of northern Illinois.

“There are still a lot of questions about the Mazon Creek assemblage. We still don’t know why these fossils formed where they did,” Saupe said. “And questions still remain from the Tully Monster research project … Is it a predator or a scavenger? How did it swim?” McCoy added.

In 1989, the Tully Monster was officially declared the state fossil of Illinois.

Contact ANAMIKA VEERAMANI at anamika.veeramani@yale.edu .

to clear from the body is on average longer in African-Americans than in whites.

While male African-American smokers are more likely to suffer from life-threatening diseases than white males, Holford said that the “pack-years” measurement — a calculation made by multiplying the number of cigarette packs smoked per day by years of smoking — may underestimate the risk for African-Americans. The number of pack-years smoked determine a person’s eligibility for lung cancer screening. According to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, only those who have smoked a minimum of 30 packyears are eligible for access to lung cancer screenings under the Medicare program.

Holford noted that because African-Americans end up smoking fewer cigarettes, they tend to have fewer average packyears. David Levy, co-author of the study and a professor at the Georgetown University Medi-

Study finds racial differences in smoking habits

MAZIYAR PAHLEVAN/CONTRIBUTING ILLUSTRATOR

cal Center, said this figure means that even though African-Americans may be more susceptible to smoking-related diseases, they often do not meet the pack-year benchmark required to access screening resources.

“African-Americans have less access to the health care system, and, as a result, are more prone to early deaths due to disease,” Levy said.

According to Jessica Ho, a research scientist at Duke University and the author of a 2013 study analyzing the contributions of smoking to black-white differences in U.S. mortality rates, the dangers of restricted access to medical screenings are made worse by several factors. Ho said that the tendency of tobacco companies to increasingly tar-

get and advertise in minority neighborhoods, as well as higher unemployment rates and stress among African-Americans, could contribute to higher uptake of smoking and difficulty quitting. African-Americans might also experience more difficulty in accessing smoking cessation support programs and investing in measures to help combat addiction, such as nicotine patches, Ho added. Ho also stated that perhaps factors other than pack-years should be taken into account when determining eligibility for lung cancer screenings.

“I do think that it is important to consider dimensions other than pack-years, because blacks clearly suffer from a higher burden of smoking related diseases

and mortality,” Ho said.

Holford said that while the study suggests that the packyears measure may need to be revised, further research is needed to determine how modifying the measure would affect the number of cases of smoking-related diseases in the population. Holford added that comparing the smoking history patterns of different socioeconomic groups could also yield important results.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2012, black men had the highest rate of lung cancer diagnosis, followed by white, Asian, American-Indian and Hispanic men.

Contact ZAINAB HAMID at zainab.hamid@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 5, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 13

“Not all psychopaths are in prison — some are in the boardroom.”

ROBERT D. HARE RESEARCHER IN THE FIELD OF CRIMINAL PSYCHOLOGY

Disaster simulation proves cost-effective and versatile

FIRSTNAME LASTNAME/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

ASHLYN OAKES/ILLUSTRATIONS EDITOR

BY TRAN DANG CONTRIBUTING REPORTER According to a study by Yale researchers, a new tabletop simulation is a simple, cost-effective mode of learning that can boost the confidence and competency of pediatric residents in disaster scenarios.

A tabletop simulation is akin to a board game, in which participants are given a scenario and hypothetical characters are placed under certain conditions, and participants are then told to choose their responses to the conditions. The paper, conducted in part by researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles and Mattel Children’s Hospital UCLA, studied a table-

top simulation created by Yale researchers. In this study, pediatric residents must triage and care for patients who have just come in from a disaster scenario — in the case of this study, an earthquake.

The patients were represented by “inexpensive, commercially available dolls” and resources, such as a liter of saline or IV lines, were represented by stickers. Surveys were conducted with the residents before and immediately after the simulation to see how their perceptions, attitudes and confidence levels changed, said Rita Burke, study co-author and study lead investigator at the Children’s Hospital Los Angeles.

“We wanted to create a lowcost, portable disaster tabletop exercise that could be used by learners in both developed

and developing health care systems,” said Mark Cicero, study co-author and professor at the Yale School of Medicine. “Something that could be put into a suitcase and taken to any place where a disaster, such as an earthquake, tsunami or mass gun violence, may occur.”

Training residents for disasters is often difficult, because real-time disasters do not happen often, and when they do, they are very high-stakes, Burke said.

General simulations are a common means of training for disasters, because they recreate lowfrequency scenarios and decrease the stakes, but still develop the appropriate skills and confidence, Cicero said. However, the drawbacks of many simulations, said Cicero, are that they are expen-

sive to conduct and not very portable. The goal of this study was to create an effective simulation that was easily reproducible and portable, so that it could be used by clinical providers who live and work in low-resource, disasterprone areas, such as countries in the Pacific Rim, said Rachel Whitney, study co-author, clinical fellow in pediatrics emergency medicine and lead investigator at Yale.

Whitney emphasized the low cost of the simulation. The simulation’s preparation was comprised of buying a few dolls from the store and printing out the appropriate stickers, she said.

The simulation can be used in developed nations as well. Cicero said that simulations with markers or small tabletop devices rather than life-sized equipment

can take place in lecture halls and medical schools across the country. The study found that participants preferred the mode of learning through simulation to traditional didactic lecture.

The simulation can also be used to train clinical providers who go abroad to developing countries and assist in times of disasters.

These providers may not realize that the availability of resources in developing countries can be very different from that with which they are used to working, Burke said. The simulation would provide what the study authors term “just-in-time” training, in which clinical providers can better anticipate the resources and the needs of patients in the immediate aftermath of a disaster, she added.

Further plans include the spread of the simulation to lowresource countries and the adaptation of the simulation to different disasters other than earthquakes and different audiences, Cicero said. An adapted version of this simulation was carried out in the Dominican Republic, where pediatric residents were trained for a month, Walter said. This simulation could be modified for a video game platform such as disaster triage for EMTs, Cicero said. It could also be modified for a school or home setting, he added.

The Dominican Republic has had 307 earthquakes in the past year.

Contact TRAN DANG at tran.dang@yale.edu .

Study may redefine understanding of psychopathy

BY MAYA CHANDRA STAFF REPORTER A new Yale co-authored study, published last month in the journal Frontiers in Psychology, has challenged the dominant theory related to psychopathy and exposed a need for future research to ascertain the condition’s causes.

The low-fear model, the dominant theory on psychopathy, relates psychopathy to deficiencies in a set of neurons in the brain called the amygdala, said Christine Larson, professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee and coauthor of the paper. The model goes on to hypothesize that this deficit causes psychopaths to experience little to no fear during times of stress, which leads to some of the behaviors classically associated with the condition, such as recklessness and deceitfulness. The new paper refutes this claim as overly simplistic, arguing that the amygdala deficiencies alone do not explain psychopathy, said Arielle Baskin-Sommers, professor of psychology at Yale and coauthor of the paper.

“We know that psychopaths respond to fear in different ways, but it might not be because they are inherently fearless,” BaskinSommers said. “We believe that the more complex information processing in the brain may be responsible.”

The researchers ran a variety of diagnostic tests on 66 prisoners in southern Wisconsin to measure fear responses. In order to ascertain fear responses, the researchers used a technique called fear conditioning, where a negative stimulus is immediately given after a neutral stimulus, until the two become associated in the mind of the subject, said Doug Schultz, a postdoctoral fellow at Rutgers University and paper co-author. In this experiment, the subjects were shown a neutral, fragmented image — including two grayscale fractal images — which was then paired with an electric shock. Data regarding brain activity, and various indicators of fear and anxiety were measured, BaskinSommers said. The degree to which the subjects experienced anxiety and fear of the painful shock when presented with the neutral image revealed whether their fear responses were standard or abnormal, she added.

The researchers studied individuals who fit the classifications of primary or secondary psychopaths. Primary psychopaths tend to show lower levels of trait anxiety, meaning they do not experience anxiety as often or to the same degree as most people. It is believed that there is often a genetic component at the root of primary psychopathy, Schultz said. Secondary psychopaths show higher levels of trait anxiety, indicating that they

may have developed psychopathy, possibly as a response to traumatic events, he continued.

In the past, research conducted did not account for the differences between primary and secondary psychopaths when ascertaining the roots of the condition, and as a result, inaccurate generalizations were made, he added.

“We first need to clarify the differences between primary and secondary psychopaths, so we can understand the condition better,” Schultz said. “A long-term goal is to find what it is in the brain that causes the condition, so we can target and treat to rehabilitate these people and try to improve their lives.”

Contrary to the low-fear model, amygdala activation was found in psychopaths across the board, which further proves that deficiencies in that area of the brain alone are not responsible for psychopathy, Schultz said. Additionally, the results revealed that secondary psychopaths tend to have enhanced activity in areas of the brain involved in fear inhibition, which was somewhat consistent with the low-fear model.

However, primary psychopaths tended to show more activity in regions of the brain involved in fear expression, Schultz said.

While it is still unclear what it is in the brain that causes the condition of psychopathy, now that the old model has proved to be

SONIA RUIZ/CONTRIBUTING ILLUSTRATOR

inconsistent with the results of multiple studies, all the researchers agreed that there is a need for future work examining the scientific explanation for

psychopathy.

The most common test for classifying psychopaths is the Psychopathy Checklist-revised, a 20-item inventory of person-

ality traits and recorded behaviors.

Contact MAYA CHANDRA at maya.chandra@yale.edu .

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“It is not always how good you are, but how quickly you get better in comparison to the other teams, and we’ve gotten a lot better.”

NICHOLAS BAIRD ’19 COED SAILING

MORGAN ROBERTS ’16 YALE QB EYES NFL On Tuesday, the Bulldogs’ former signal caller will take part in a pro day in North Branford, Connecticut. Roberts, Yale’s all-time record-holder in passing yards, has multiple private workouts scheduled with specific teams in addition to Tuesday’s showcase.

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 5, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

Peng ’18 leads Bulldogs at Ole Miss

Yale coed team wins Marchiando Trophy SAILING

BY SEBASTIAN KUPCHAUNIS CONTRIBUTING REPORTER The Yale women’s golf team escaped the New England rain this weekend to compete in the Rebel Intercollegiate Golf Tournament, held at Ole Miss.

Facing some tough national competition that included Harvard, the Bulldogs ended up taking 14th in a field of 15 schools.

WOMEN’S GOLF

In a three-day tournament, five Eli golfers combined to shoot a 931 (+67) on the par-72 course in Oxford, Mississippi, just one stroke behind 13thplace James Madison. While Yale opened strong with a 307 in Friday’s first round — good for eighth place after one day — they faltered with a 318 in the second before ending the tournament with a 306 on Sunday, their best performance of the weekend.

Jennifer Peng ’18 recorded the top perSEE WOMEN’S GOLF PAGE 10

COURTESY OF KEN LEGLER

Yale now holds the No. 2 coed team and No. 2 women’s team in the nation, according to the newest rankings.

BY AYLA BESEMER STAFF REPORTER While snow and high winds challenged sailors in New England this weekend, the Yale coed and women’s sailing teams managed to finish all four regattas, with two top-three finishes highlighting the Bulldogs’ two days of competition.

Members of the No. 2 coed team defended Yale’s title at the Lynne Marchiando Trophy in Boston — finishing the event with a perfect 13–0 record — during the team’s last weekend of competition before the New England Team Race Championship

this Saturday. Meanwhile, the No. 2 women’s team posted a third-place performance at the Dellenbaugh Women’s Trophy, hosted by Brown, and other groups from the coed team claimed fourth and ninth at the Camel Team Race regatta and Central Series 3, respectively.

New official rankings posted on April 1, the first since November 2015, show the women’s team having risen one place nationally, now second only to Rhode Island, while the coed team has dropped to second behind Georgetown.

“I think we have all been doing very well,” coed captain Mitchell Kiss

’17 said. “We have been switching the sailors around a lot to get a variety of experiences … We are feeling confident for this upcoming weekend, but anything can happen so we will need to stay focused on one race at a time.”

The coed team’s perfect showing at the Marchiando Trophy, a team racing event, marked the Bulldogs’ strongest performance of the weekend. Yale took the first-place spot in all but one of the 13 team race combinations, which included two 1–2–3 finishes. Gale-force winds and snowstorms predicted in Boston on SunSEE SAILING PAGE 10

COURTESY OF YALE ATHLETICS

Sandy Wongwaiwate ’17 shot a 237 (+21) on the weekend, tallying six birdies in her three rounds.

Rocky start in opening Ivy weekend MATTHEW STOCK CONTRIBUTING REPORTER The Yale men’s tennis team has waited nearly a year to return to Ivy League action and improve upon its sixth place finish last season. But due to the efforts of Penn and No. 34 Princeton, the Bulldogs will have to wait at least another week for a conference win.

MEN’S TENNIS

JOEY YE/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Alex Hagermoser ’17 forced a third set on Sunday before play was halted due to Princeton clinching the team win.

STAT OF THE DAY 8

Traveling south this past weekend, the Elis (12–8, 0–2 Ivy) suffered a 5–2 defeat to Penn (7–11, 2–0 Ivy) on Saturday before falling 4–1 at the hands of Princeton (14–6, 2–0 Ivy) the following day. Failing to win a conference match in its opening weekend for the first time since 2007, Yale came away from the weekend with plenty of room for improvement heading into the remainder of the season. “[This weekend’s competition] was a tough way to start the Ivy season but we will rebound,” captain Jason Brown ’16 said.

Yale’s match against Penn on Saturday began on a difficult note, as the Quakers swept the three doubles matches by scores of 7–5, 6–3 and 6–4. The Bulldogs, who entering this weekend had beaten Penn in nine consecutive conference seasons, could

not regain momentum as they lost four first sets in the team’s six singles matches. Though Martin Svenning ’16 and Stefan Doehler ’18 each took care of business following their first-set wins, winning the No. 4 and No. 6 singles matches by 6–3, 6–4 and 6–4, 6–0 marks, respectively, teammates elsewhere were unable to find similar success and rebound from losing the early doubles point.

“Playing against tough teams in the Ivies, starting off with the first point is greatly important in both momentum and overall score,” Doehler said of the importance of the often-decisive doubles point. “Securing the early point will be key to our success in future matches.”

Sophomores Ziqi Wang ’18 and Fedor Adrienko ’18 lost 6–4, 7–6 and 6–1, 6–2 respectively in the top two singles matches.

Alex Hagermoser ’17 fell to Penn sophomore Josh Pompan by a 6–3, 6–0 score in the No. 3 match, and Dennis Wang ’19 lost a 7–5, 6–4 contest in the No. 5 match. With the Quakers’ weekend sweep of Yale and Brown, Penn equaled its combined conference win total from the past two seasons. With five Ivy matches remaining on the season, Penn needs just one win to secure its first three-win Ivy season since 2008.

Also of note for the Bulldogs was the absence of two-time first-team All-Ivy selection Tyler Lu ’17, who will miss the entire 2016 spring season due to injury. Lu is 3–1 in his career against the Quakers at the No. 1 singles position.

Sunday’s competition against Princeton followed the matchup’s historical trends, with the Tigers extending their win streak against Yale to seven matches while holding the Bulldogs to just one singles or doubles match win for the third time in as many seasons.

Despite Photos Photiades ’17 and Svenning earning a 6–3 win in the No. 2 doubles match, the Elis were unable to secure the point due to Princeton wins on the remaining two courts. “[Svenning] played great for us this weekend. His success in both singles and doubles is a driving factor for team wins,” Doehler said. “He and [Photiades] have proven to be a formidable doubles force and the most successful duo on our team this season. When [Svenning] is at the top of his game, there are very few opponents he cannot beat.”

In singles play, Doehler again completed a sweep in the No. 6 spot with a 6–0, 6–4 win over SEE MEN’S TENNIS PAGE 10

THE NUMBER OF CONSECUTIVE GAMES THAT THE YALE MEN’S LACROSSE TEAM HAS WON TO START ITS SEASON. The Elis, ranked No. 1 in the main coaches’ poll but No. 3 in the major media poll, will try to extend that streak in a home contest against Sacred Heart 7 p.m. on Tuesday night.