Today's Paper

T H E O L D E ST C O L L E G E DA I LY · FO U N D E D 1 8 7 8

NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT · TUESDAY, APRIL 9, 2013 · VOL. CXXXV, NO. 117 · yaledailynews.com

INSIDE THE NEWS MORNING EVENING

SUNNY RAINY

74 55

CROSS CAMPUS Sandals out. That dreary New England winter weather may finally be over. Fingers crossed, but it’s supposed to be in the 60s and 70s all week. Take out those sunglasses!

UNDER 18?

CT CONSIDERS TANNING BAN

NEWTOWN

OBAMA, FACEBOOK

HOCKEY

Parents of victims speak out on ‘60 Minutes’ in support of gun regulation

CAMPAIGN DIGITAL DIRECTOR TALKS SOCIAL MEDIA

Elis head to Pittsburgh for 2013 NCAA Frozen Four tournament

PAGES 8–9 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

PAGE 3 CITY

PAGE 3 NEWS

PAGE 14 SPORTS

Alcohol policies still unclear YCC SURVEY ALCOHOL SAFETY AND DISCIPLINE Have you ever personally experienced a situation in which YOU chose not to seek assistance under the influence of alcohol because you were afraid of disciplinary repercussions?

Slamming it down. Over the weekend, Yale’s nationalqualifying slam poetry team competed in the national championship tournament for the first time in the group’s history, placing in the top 20 among college teams across the country. The five-member team performed in front of over 700 people at Barnard College in New York.

Lawsuits on lawsuits. The

Elm City and Tweed New Haven Regional Airport may join existing litigation against the Federal Aviation Administration to prevent the closure of Tweed’s control tower on June 15, according to the New Haven Register.

Tweed is one of six airports in the state that could see its tower closed due to sequestration-related cuts.

According to an attorney for Tweed, the airport will first file a complaint with the FAA alleging that the FAA failed to go through due process procedures, such as holding a public hearing, before deciding to take action.

Mayoral update. Sundiata

Keitazulu, a plumber from Newhallville who announced his candidacy for mayor last November, has become the third New Haven mayoral candidate to sign on for public funding from the city’s Democracy Fund. The fund provides finances for candidates and requires that they abide by strict campaign rules. Candidates Ward 10 Alderman Justin Elicker FES ’10 SOM ’10 and State Rep. Gary Holder-Winfield have already decided to participate in the fund, but candidate Henry Fernandez LAW ’94 has said that he will not.

Rest in peace. Yale alum

and prolific publisher Peter Workman ’60 died from cancer on Sunday at the age of 74. Workman was the founder of Workman Publishing, one of the few remaining independent publishing companies in the country, and helped land best-selling trade books such as “What to Expect When You’re Expecting” and “The Silver Palate Cookbook.”

But Workman’s successes extend beyond books: He is perhaps most well-known for inventing the card game “Brain Quest” for children and the “Page-a-Day” calendars.

Have you ever decided not to get medical help for A FRIEND under the influence of alcohol because you did not know the disciplinary consequences?

2.5%

NO 83%

NO 77%

5%

AIN 2.

UNCERT

YES

14.5%

TAIN UNCER

4%

YES 19%

YCC candidates unopposed in races

BY KIRSTEN SCHNACKENBERG STAFF REPORTER

100

13% not at all 2% uncertain

80

40

25% very informed 20

30% strongly agree

20

0

0

How informed do you feel about Yale's alcohol disciplinary policies?

Do you believe that the current policy at Yale is that "alcohol is first and foremost a safety issue?"

lege Council in March.

The survey, which received 1,762 responses, was designed to supplement discussions by the Yale College Dean’s Office’s Task Force on Alcohol and Other Drugs — a group created in December to make recommendations for improving cam-

Jane Levin: I shall return

BY JULIA ZORTHIAN STAFF REPORTER At a dinner honoring University President Richard Levin’s 20-year tenure at the helm of the University last Friday, Levin’s wife, lecturer Jane Levin, received her own tributes, including an antique edition of Alexander Pope’s translation of “The Iliad” and several musical performances

SEE YCC PAGE 5

39% somewhat agree

60

40

Over 200 students in Yale College have chosen not to seek assistance while intoxicated due to fear of disciplinary repercussions, according to a survey sent out by the Yale Col-

SEE ALCOHOL PAGE 4

4.5% uncertain

60

BY CYNTHIA HUA STAFF REPORTER

pus drinking culture — on the clarity of alcohol policies, an issue not considered in other surveys previously sent out by the University.

YCC President John Gonzalez ’14 said the survey drew the same con-

14% somewhat disagree

80

60% somewhat informed

When students fill out their ballots during the Yale College Council’s annual elections this week, they will find far fewer choices than in previous years. In fact, they will find the first ballot in YCC history to feature more than one uncontested race.

This year, three executive board positions — president, vice president and events director — only have one declared candidate, even after the YCC postponed the deadline for students to declare their candidacies by 48 hours last week. The uncontested candidates all said they are surprised to be running unopposed and do not think the lack of a true election will impact their work on the Yale College Council next year. But students interviewed said they believe the number of uncontested races detracts from the candidates’ legitimacy.

“I believe that my presidency will be stronger within the YCC, since I won’t suffer from inevitable factions that are usually created during election period and impact relationships throughout the following year,” said Danny Avraham ’15, who is running for YCC president. “In addi-

12.5% strongly disagree

100

Obama calls for federal gun reform

dedicated to her service to the University. As the president prepares for his June 30 departure from office, many have begun to question if Jane Levin — who has been involved in running the Directed Studies freshman program for the past 14 years — will return to the program, or to New Haven at all.

SEE JANE LEVIN PAGE 4

KATHRYN CRANDALL/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Days after Connecticut passed landmark gun-control legislation, President Barack Obama called for national gun reform at the University of Hartford on Monday.

BY MICHELLE HACKMAN STAFF REPORTER WEST HARTFORD — With Connecticut lawmakers and the families of Newtown’s victims standing behind him, President Barack Obama addressed a packed gymnasium at the University of Hartford on Monday evening, describing his vision of “commonsense” national gun reforms.

The president traveled to Connecticut just days after the state passed a historically

THIS DAY IN YALE HISTORY

1970 The Yale Faculty of Arts and Sciences meet to vote on a proposed change to the University’s grading policies, in which failed courses would not appear on students’ permanent transcripts. After 45 minutes of deliberation with no clear consensus, faculty members decide to postpone the debate.

sweeping gun-control package, including an expanded assault weapons ban, a ban on highcapacity magazines, a universal background check system and a requirement to possess a license in order to buy ammunition. Obama pointed to the Connecticut law as a national example, highlighting each of its provisions as possibilities for part of a national gun-control bill that will be debated in Congress this week. He called on the 3,000-person crowd SEE OBAMA PAGE 4

Elicker claims public funds

crosscampus@yaledailynews.com

BY DIANA LI STAFF REPORTER

ONLINE y MORE cc.yaledailynews.com

Over two months after he qualified for the Democracy Fund — New Haven’s public financing system for mayoral candidates — Ward 10 Alderman Justin Elicker FES ’10 SOM ’10 collected his first check on Friday.

Elicker received a check for $9,840 in matching funds for 238 donations, as the Democracy Fund matches up to the first $25

Submit tips to Cross Campus

JENNIFER LU/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Jane Levin, wife of University President Richard Levin, has provided crucial leadership to the Directed Studies program over the past 14 years.

of eligible donations twice. Though Elicker collected the requisite number of donations to receive these funds when he qualified at the end of January, a provision in the Democracy Fund ordinance stipulates that candidates cannot receive funds until April 1. Elicker is the first mayoral candidate to receive a check from the Democracy Fund during this election cycle.

SEE ELICKER FUNDS PAGE 4

PAGE 2

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 9, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

OPINION

.COMMENT “What happened was a tragedy, but I don't know how the City or the yaledailynews.com/opinion

Speaking out about sexual violence L

ast winter, I was privileged to have dinner with one of the women behind Alexander v. Yale, a groundbreaking lawsuit in 1980 that led to Yale’s first grievance board for Title IX violations on campus. Over the course of our meal, all of the students present told “war” stories about episodes of sexual harassment, assault and rape on campus, sharing our personal experiences and the stories of close friends. At the end of the dinner, our guest looked around the table and said: “We were having exactly this conversation in 1979. I can’t believe so much is still the same.”

She and her classmates fought for a Yale without the conversation we had that night, a campus at which young men and women could attend class without fear of predatory teaching assistants and parties without worrying about unwelcome sexual advances. They advocated for a Yale where every student could seek justice and find advocates if they lived through a traumatic experience. That Yale, despite positive changes in campus education and grievance protocol, still feels largely out of reach. I am sick to death of attending a university that refuses to learn from past mistakes, and that continues to perpetuate an unhealthy sexual climate on campus.

Now, two years after another Title IX complaint was made in 2011, I want to consider two essential parts of this issue: First, how and why sexual violence continues on our campus despite all of the attention being paid to the issue, and second, Yale’s still-flawed response to these episodes.

I refuse to be a fatalist about the first issue: I believe that it is possible to reduce the number of episodes of sexual violence on campus — through further education, more effective (though not more stringent) alcohol policies, public discourse and narrative-sharing, and the establishment of zero-tolerance grievance policies. While we may never see a Yale that is totally free of sexual violence (a thought that I find difficult to stomach), we are not doing enough to establish a violence-free Yale. We continue to fail the victims and perpetrators of sexual violence by making our campus a place where it feels too easy to get away with committing sexual violence — and seems incredibly difficult to talk about having experienced it.

To the second point: Yalies perceive a culture that encourages victim silence, and Yale’s grievance protocol remains confusing and hard to access, which means it’s likely that far fewer people report their episodes of sexual violence on campus than could. We have

ZOE MERCERGOLDEN Meditations

imperfect statistics and a grievance protocol that no one I have spoken to (possibly in violation of their nondisclosure agreements) has said made them feel valued, lis-

tened to or safer.

Many have struggled for months or years to reach the ears of administrators or defenders, as the faculty and staff at large still appear unevenly trained about how to handle these issues. I’ve heard of students actively or passively discouraged from entering the grievance process, sometimes against their wishes. They speak of being exhausted by having to tell their story repeatedly, without the support of an ombudsman or counselor. Some victims were forced to live, for weeks, months or years, alongside the people who had hurt them.

Throughout the last many years, Yale has appeared to be first and foremost looking out for itself, preferring to build a bureaucracy to deal with the issue of sexual violence rather than encouraging public discourse and offering unconditional support to those who need it most. We won’t make violence go away by pretending it isn’t happening — and we won’t make anyone feel better by continuing to follow imperfect grievance procedures.

On Saturday, April 13, probably on Cross Campus, our campus will host “Take Back the Night,” a rare opportunity to share personal experiences of sexual violence. Moments like these are part of changing and shaping campus discourse into something far more productive and transparent than what we have today.

Which leaves me only to say this: Whenever I hear another story about a Yale student who has lived through an experience of sexual assault, harassment or rape, I wonder what more we’re waiting for. How many more cases of sexual violence will need to take place on our campus — and how many more made public — before Yale enacts more accessible, consistent and compassionate procedures? How many more years must pass, and more lawsuits fought, before Yale becomes a safe place for all of us? We have come far from the 1970s — and yet, far from far enough.

YALE DAILY NEWS PUBLISHING CO., INC. 202 York Street, New Haven, CT 06511 (203) 432-2400

EDITOR IN CHIEF Tapley Stephenson

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Liliana Varman

MANAGING EDITORS Gavan Gideon Mason Kroll

SPORTS Eugena Jung John Sullivan

ONLINE EDITOR Caroline Tan OPINION Marissa Medansky Dan Stein NEWS Madeline McMahon Daniel Sisgoreo CITY Nick Defiesta Ben Prawdzik CULTURE Natasha Thondavadi

ARTS & LIVING Akbar Ahmed Jordi Gassó Jack Linshi Caroline McCullough MULTIMEDIA Raleigh Cavero Lillian Fast Danielle Trubow MAGAZINE Daniel Bethencourt

PRODUCTION & DESIGN Celine Cuevas Ryan Healey Allie Krause Michelle Korte Rebecca Levinsky Rebecca Sylvers Clinton Wang PHOTOGRAPHY Jennifer Cheung Sarah Eckinger Jacob Geiger Maria Zepeda Vivienne Jiao Zhang

PUBLISHER Gabriel Botelho DIR. FINANCE Julie Kim DIR. ADV. Sophia Jia PRINT ADV. MANAGER Julie Leong

ONL. BUSINESS. MANAGER Yume Hoshijima ONL. DEV. MANAGER Vincent Hu MARKETING & COMM. MANAGER Brandon Boyer

BUSINESS DEV. Joyce Xi

ILLUSTRATIONS Karen Tian LEAD WEB DEV. Earl Lee Akshay Nathan

COPY Stephanie Heung Emily Klopfer Isaac Park Flannery Sockwell

THIS ISSUE COPY STAFF: Kate Pincus PRODUCTION STAFF: Emma Hammarlund, Leon Jiang, Mohan Yin PRODUCTION ASSISTANTS: Kasey Mann, Isabel McCullough, Nicole Narea EDITORIALS & ADS

The News’ View represents the opinion of the majority of the members of the Yale Daily News Managing Board of 2014. Other content on this page with bylines represents the opinions of those authors and not necessarily those of the Managing Board. Opinions set forth in ads do not necessarily reflect the views of the Managing Board. We reserve the right to refuse any ad for any reason and to delete or change any copy we consider objectionable, false or in poor taste. We do not verify the contents of any ad. The Yale Daily News Publishing Co., Inc. and its officers, employees and agents disclaim any responsibility for all liabilities, injuries or damages arising from any ad. The Yale Daily News Publishing Co. ISSN 0890-2240

NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT

SUBMISSIONS

All letters submitted for publication must include the author’s name, phone number and description of Yale University affiliation.

Please limit letters to 250 words and guest columns to 750. The Yale Daily News reserves the right to edit letters and columns before publication. E-mail is the preferred method of submission.

Direct all letters, columns, artwork and inquiries to: Marissa Medansky and Dan Stein Opinion Editors Yale Daily News opinion@yaledailynews.com

COPYRIGHT 2013 — VOL. CXXXV, NO. 117

'KEVIN SYMCOX' ON 'YALE SUED AFTER TAILGATE DEATH'

GUEST COLUMNIST ALISON GREENBERG

Juicing your pain P

ain is the defining characteristic of our generation.

When we were 11 and emotionally overwhelmed, we cut ourselves. When we were suffering through tangled high school, we popped some sort of pill with side effects. When we want to relax, we consume mass quantities of schadenfreude via “The Office” or “Curb Your Enthusiasm” or “Girls.” We survive through struggle. We believe that nothing easy was ever worth it.

Yale chose us because we fought and lost sleep and we won. We beat those absurd odds, but not without frying a few nerves. No pain, no gain and thus, no merit.

Yale is, if nothing else, a painfully fictitious meritocracy.

It’s like we’re all sinking, making our way to the bottom of this deep ocean of grief and awkwardness because the Buried MeritTreasure is all the way down there, and eventually our ears start popping and our rib cages collapse, piercing our lungs, and we’re all laughing maniacally like it’s the end of the world. Because it is.

It is, in some ways, “the end of the world” every time you laugh at another’s misfortune, every

time I roll my eyes at an irrelevant comment in seminar, every time a graduate student has sex with an undergraduate and deems it worthless because it was easy.

It feels like the end of the world when we walk by former loves and don’t even say hello. It might be the end of the world when you pretend you’ve barely met your freshman year suitemate who seems to hate you. These are our small moments of massive grief.

Why do we suffer? Or rather, why do we keep suffering?

There is sweeping love and happiness here. I have ridden its wave high and let it crash over me, pushing me back into the sad depths. I have been depressed at Yale. And I have been ecstatic at Yale. But when are those times highs and lows, and when does it all get kind of manic?

I remember telling a close friend how very good life was going this year, around mid-January. I hated that his first response was, “Ali, you get depressed sometimes, don’t you? It might not always be this good. Be careful.”

But he was right. Sometimes ex-boyfriends really should

ignore you, and ex-suitemates simply owe you nothing.

And sometimes, it’s all worth the struggle.

The inability to tell when it’s all worth it or when it’s not — that is what’s wrong with our generation. We’ve lived through years of televised wars; we’ve watched oil spill and the armed mentally ill kill and the rich get richer and sadder while the poor just get sadder. The juice is our success and the squeeze is our efforts, our sleep loss, our anger, our sweat.

Do you get it? Am I clear enough?

We have stopped caring when the juice is worth the squeeze, because the squeeze is inevitable and it’s going to hurt so let’s just grin and bear it. Pop an Advil. Or a Xanax. Or an Adderall. Because there are problem sets to be done!

The pills don’t numb us anymore. We dose them to feel.

And a senior thesis page count becomes a metric of our personal value. And “making it through midterms” becomes a medal of honor, as though it’s like making it through Baghdad. Every single morning could be a graduate-level problem set. In 1932, John Whitebread Wasp ’33 prob-

ably said, “Pish posh midterms, I’m worried about finding a nice wife.” Today, the open pursuit of monogamy is a total and complete unicorn. We’re just worried about getting a decent external hard drive for the price we’re paying.

Pain is the defining characteristic of struggle. Struggle is the defining characteristic of a problem and/or its solution under way. Lena Dunham’s obsessivecompulsive disorder is not my struggle. External hard drives are not my struggle. Medications and mutilation are no longer my struggle.

My struggle is finding love to give and receive, doing my best to be a strong and thoughtful friend, finishing this God-forsaken senior thesis, making enough money to afford New York rent next year, staving off cancer and keeping the peace with my family. My pain is great, constant. But I’ve always been a sensitive kid.

Please tell me. Ask yourself.

What’s your pain? Your struggle?

And is it worth it?

ALISON GREENBERG is a junior in Branford College. Contact her at alison.greenberg@yale.edu .

G U E S T C O L U M N I S T Z A N A D AV E Y

Why I donate I

n my senior year of high school, I interviewed Anya, a young Hispanic woman who could not afford to buy Christmas presents for her children.

In tear-choked Spanish, she told me how hard, how shameful it was to be too poor to provide just one toy for each of her two children. I recorded the moment in a radio booth, the soundproofed walls and expensive microphone rendering her sobs, the tremble of her voice, in perfect detail.

I listen to that clip sometimes when I feel exhausted by my work or frustrated by my obligations. I listen to it over and over until I want only one thing: to go back in time and give Anya’s children the Christmas presents she was unable provide.

In the years since, I have worked with dozens of people in situations similar to or worse than Anya’s. I have taken classes that examine poverty from a dozen different angles and read political science briefs that dissect the breadth, depth and diversity of the poor in a myriad of ways. Yet my emotional

understanding of poverty stops with her.

Although it breaks my heart, I somewhat can grasp what Anya must have felt that Christmas morning because the fundamentals of her life are similar to my own. She and her family woke up in a house that morning. Although there were no gifts, there was likely breakfast.

It is when the food is taken off the table and the roof removed that I stop being able to imagine the scene. I cannot conceive of an America in which children go to bed hungry. I don’t know what a family looks like when it is split, husband from wife and children, in separate, steelbedded homeless shelters. Even more unimaginable are the many citizens who die unsheltered and unrecognized on the streets of New Haven each winter.

Because I cannot accept situations like these, I became involved with the Yale Hunger and Homelessness Action Project (YHHAP). Through 18 service and board projects, YHHAP works to keep children fed, fam-

ilies in their homes and residents off the streets. Every day, students in YHHAP are out on the streets, in soup kitchens, at City Hall and at shelters working tirelessly to feed, house and help fellow members of the New Haven community.

We couldn’t do it without your help. Over the past two years, YHHAP has donated more than $75,000 to New Haven organizations, and the vast majority of that money comes from the meal swipes you donate each semester to the YHHAP Fast. The money you donate is split between three New Haven housing nonprofits that run the Homelessness Prevention and Rapid Re-Housing Program (HPRP).

HPRP is a former government fund that distributes emergency grants to keep families and individuals who would otherwise become homeless in their homes. This program is YHHAP’s program of choice because the psychological, logistical and physical effects of eviction, and even one night of homelessness, can be insur-

mountable. Thanks to your generosity, YHHAP has been able to prevent more than 50 households from becoming homeless.

This is huge.

The YHHAP Fast is coming up this Friday, April 10. Once again, YHHAP will be raising money to donate to HPRP programs and working hard to keep fellow community members housed. I hope you will join me in donating your meal swipes and participating in a campuswide effort to make New Haven a more equal and more just place, where no one is forced to experience homelessness.

I will be donating my swipe for Anya, and for the chance to move one step closer to aligning the harsh and sobering realities of our disparate and often-poor country with an America that I can understand and believe in.

My swipe may only be worth $7.50, but that’s the cost of a Christmas present.

ZANA DAVEY is a sophomore in Berkeley College. Contact her at zana.davey@yale.edu .

G U E S T C O L U M N I S T C H R I S T I A N VA Z Q U E Z

ZOE MERCER-GOLDEN is a senior in Davenport College.

Contact her at zoe.mercer-golden@yale.edu .

Editorial: (203) 432-2418 editor@yaledailynews.com Business: (203) 432-2424 business@yaledailynews.com

school are responsible”

The global president P

resident Levin altered Yale’s relationship with the world in an unprecedented manner. Aside from improvements to Yale’s physical plant and better town-gown relations, Levin’s legacy will be the impact he had in bringing the world to Yale and Yale to the world. As such, Levin presided over changes that reflect — and shaped — the University’s changing role in our shifting global landscape. Levin’s presidency has emphasized the importance of globalization and the increased interconnectedness of the world.

One way Levin emphasized global interconnectedness was by shifting campus demographics. He recognized that in order for Yale to stay relevant in the 21st century, the University had to appeal to not only the rest of the country, but also the rest of the world. When Levin took office in 1993, just 2 percent of Yale’s undergraduate student body was comprised of international students. That statistic is now close to 11 percent.

In an increasingly globalized society, Yale should emulate the world. Having suitemates, classmates and friends from a variety of geographic backgrounds allows students, Amer-

ican or not, to attain an understanding of the different cultures that increasingly interact in our world of multinational and international NGOs. Providing financial aid to international students was also central to Yale’s ability to offer students a diversity of experiences. Additionally, over the course of Levin’s tenure, the number of students studying or interning abroad has also grown extensively. In 2011 alone, Yalies were dispersed across 81 countries and in every continent.

That means nearly a quarter of undergraduates have some sort of international experience every year. And in 2005, these vital international experiences became even more accessible when the University established the International Summer Award (ISA) to provide a summer’s worth of financial aid to all aid-receiving students.

The award provided $3.6 million to the class of 2011.

But some of Levin’s international efforts have been more controversial. Our outgoing president has drawn perhaps the most ire for Yale-NUS. Many have reservations about this experiment — but all innovation faces such opposition at first.

These reservations likely paral-

lel those held by skeptics from the 1930s, when Yale sought to emulate the Oxbridge system in America.

I, too, once had many reservations about the project. But the importance of the YaleNUS College Curriculum Report released last Thursday should not be undermined. It could serve the same role in our century as the Yale Bulletin of 1828 and the Harvard Red Book of 1945 served during their respective eras. These documents outlined the role that the American colleges should fulfill, and were influential in defining American higher learning.

The 90-page Yale-NUS report is a surprisingly interesting read. The text paints YaleNUS as more than an ad-hoc partnership brokered between two universities — an experiment that questions and redefines the very notion of the modern college.

To Levin, the role of the college in the 21st century should be to produce global citizens.

The vision for Yale-NUS is naturally then that of “a community of learning” that is “in Asia, for the world.”

As a Yale student who studied abroad at NUS during the summer after my freshman year, I

can confirm that Singapore is not as oppressive as many might want to paint it. The city-state does come off as sterile at time, but at no time when I was discussing Southeast Asian history and politics did I feel I was being censored, nor was the discourse in class ever stifled. The administration has done a great job at assessing whether this collaboration is a good fit. After close analysis, it likely is.

Of course, whether you agree with the conception of global citizenship is another matter.

But in the wake of the massive changes that the Levin presidency has initiated over the course of the last two decades, it could be argued that the refrain “For God, For Country and for Yale” may require an addendum: “For the World.”

Undoubtedly, Levin’s legacy will be this international presence. Yale-NUS is a wager, but the fruits of this experiment could redefine the role served

by American colleges in the next century — that’s a gamble worth taking.

CHRISTIAN VAZQUEZ is a senior in Branford College and a former production and design editor of the News. Contact him at christian.vazquez@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 9, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 3

NEWS

“The CIA is made up of boys whose families sent them to Princeton but wouldn’t let them into the family brokerage business.”

LYNDON B. JOHNSON 36TH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES

CORRECTIONS MONDAY, APRIL 8

A profile of Kyle Tramonte ’15, who is running for Yale College Council vice president, misspelled the name of Omar Njie ’13.

MONDAY, APRIL 8

The article “Corp. approves budget, meets with students” mistakenly stated that the Yale Corporation endowed a department chairmanship in University President Richard Levin’s honor in a field of his choosing. In fact, the Corporation endowed a professorship in his honor. The article also misspelled the word “nave” multiple times.

MONDAY, APRIL 8

The article “Education reformers convene in New Haven” mistakenly stated that the annual Yale School of Management Education Leadership Conference included five discussion panels. In fact, the conference included five discussion panel time slots and 18 discussion panels within those slots.

MONDAY, APRIL 8

The article “Elis finish in second at the Yale Spring Opener” misidentified Sam Bernstein ’14 as a senior. It also mistakenly stated that Bernstein shot a triple bogey on the 14th hole in his first round on Saturday, when in fact he shot the triple bogey on the 13th hole.

Harf talks security, politics intersection

BY EMMA GOLDBERG STAFF REPORTER Spectators should be skeptical of portrayals of the Central Intelligence Agency in popular television shows such as “Homeland” and “24,” according to former CIA media spokeswoman and Middle East analyst Marie Harf.

Harf, who after leaving the CIA served as the associate policy director for national security at Obama for America and spokeswoman for newly appointed Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel during his confirmation process, addressed a crowd of roughly 50 students at a Davenport College Master’s Tea on Monday. At the event, Harf detailed specific experiences in her career that have shaped her view that U.S. foreign policy is intertwined with partisan politics.

“There’s a common belief that national security is beyond politics, which we all know is untrue,” Harf said. “Barack Obama was the first candidate who talked politically about national security the way I wanted him to.”

According to Harf, opposition to Hagel during his confirmation was “political theater at its best.” Her frustration with the hearing developed because U.S. senators were questioning Hagel exclusively about his support for Israel instead of other national security issues, she said. If she had a child fighting in Afghanistan, Harf said, she would have been deeply offended that the group of senators neglected to ask sufficient questions about Hagel’s stance on ongoing wars.

Harf said one of the key moments in her career that revealed the intersection of politics and national security was the response to the Benghazi attack. She said she was furious when Mitt Romney’s campaign released a statement accusing Obama of sympathizing with the perpetrators of the 2012 Benghazi attack.

“There are national security issues that go above politics,

and you don’t get to say whatever you want just because you’re running a presidential campaign,” Harf said.

Harf told the audience that those hoping to find successful careers in politics need certain “intangibles” in addition to a core set of political and communications skills, such as the ability to deliver blunt feedback to high-profile clients such as Hagel and former CIA Director Leon Panetta.

Harf said after she transitioned from the CIA to her position at Obama for America, she missed having access to classified national security information.

“One of the benefits of working at the CIA is that you have access to the kinds of information you never knew even existed,” Harf said. “But then sometimes I watch shows like ‘24’ and ‘Homeland,’ and it’s funny everything that they think we can do here at the CIA. I wish we could do everything they think we can.”

Audience members said they enjoyed Harf’s informed perspective on major national news, from the capture of Osama bin Laden to the release of the CIA-focused film “Zero Dark Thirty.”

Josh Clapper ’16 said he was inspired by her story of serving the country through her work at the CIA, but his experience as part of Yale’s Reserve Officers’ Training Corps made him question some of Harf’s assertions.

“It was interesting to hear how she felt the need to respond after 9/11 and help her country by working for the CIA,” Clapper said. “At the same time, she seemed to take for granted this idea that national security and politics are connected. As someone in ROTC, I’m not sure that’s true.

Soldiers don’t get to have a say over national security policy.”

The Master’s Tea was cosponsored by the Gaddis Smith Seminar Series of the Jackson Institute for Global Affairs.

Contact EMMA GOLDBERG at emma.goldberg@yale.edu .

SARA MILLER/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Marie Harf spoke at a Thursday Master’s Tea about her experience transitioning from working at the CIA to Obama for America.

Newtown families push gun control

BY MATTHEW LLOYD-THOMAS STAFF REPORTER For the first time since a gunman opened fire at Sandy Hook Elementary School nearly four months ago, several Newtown parents of the victims took to the national stage in support of increased gun regulations Sunday night.

Interviewed by Scott Pelley on the weekly CBS news program “60 Minutes,” the parents spoke candidly about their children, the day of the shooting and what some of them described as “crucial” national legislation to prevent future mass shootings. Despite voicing tepid support for an assault weapons ban, the parents advocated for universal background checks, bans on high-capacity magazines and stricter gun storage laws as the most effective policy reforms for stemming the tide of mass shootings.

“I would like every parent in this country … to look in a mirror and say, ‘This will never happen to me, this will never happen in my school, this will never happen in my community,’ and see if they really believe that,” David Wheeler, whose son Benjamin was killed, told Pelley, adding that parents ought to “think about what they can do to change that.”

The piece aired only days after Connecticut legislators and Gov. Dannel Malloy passed and signed into law new gun restrictions that proponents have hailed as the most comprehensive in the nation, and one day before President Barack Obama visited Hartford in an effort to build support for federal legislation.

The parents are members of Sandy Hook Promise, a group formed in the days after the shooting that became instrumental in the passage of Connecticut gun legislation. They were interviewed both as a group and individually, and although they did not represent the families of all 26 students and teachers killed on Dec. 14, they spoke with apparent unity and certainty on how to mitigate gun violence.

“We’re looking for real change and common sense solutions,” said Nelba Marquez-Greene, whose daughter Ana was killed.

“Not things that just sound good.”

Sunday night’s broadcast marked the first time a group of the victims’ parents took to the national stage in support of broader gun regulation. Supporters of new regulation have quickly pointed to the piece as a compelling reason for new legislation, suggesting that the pres-

BRIANNE BOWEN/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Parents of Sandy Hook shooting victims appeared on “60 Minutes,” speaking in support of gun legislation. ence of the parents will provide an emotional context to the shooting, encouraging legislators and voters alike to support enhanced restrictions.

“You can’t help but feel the emotion that came out in the ‘60 Minutes’ piece,” said Ron Pinciaro, the executive director of Connecticut Against Gun Violence, which has been instrumental in pushing for Connecticut’s gun legislation and now

plans to lobby at the federal level.

“It’s going to be difficult for those legislators to say no.”

The broadcast provided a national audience a window into the emotional trauma that Newtown residents still say defines daily life in the small Connecticut town.

“People really just feel that it’s still very raw, and it’s still just so painful,” said Lisa Romano, a Newtown resident. “Even four

months later, it’s still heartbreaking.”

Following Obama’s speech in Hartford on Monday, 11 families of Newtown victims boarded Air Force One to fly to Washington, D.C., where they will spend the coming days lobbying in support of tightening federal gun laws.

Contact MATTHEW LLOYD-THOMAS at matthew.lloyd-thomas@yale.edu .

Obama digital director praises social media

BY JIWON LEE CONTRIBUTING REPORTER According to the Digital Director of President Barack Obama’s 2012 re-election campaign Teddy Goff ’07, Facebook is a big deal.

Goff discussed the role of digital media in political and social movements before an audience of roughly 30 students and community members at a Saybrook Master’s Tea on Monday. After leading Obama’s digital efforts on both the 2008 and 2012 elections, Goff argued that the influence of social media in both politics and business is growing. He said accurate data on voter behavior was critical in forming successful online strategies for the Obama campaign, in which Goff helped raise over $500 million and ran the largest online advertising program in political history.

“Obama had 34 million Facebook fans,” Goff said. “[These fans] were friends with 98 percent of U.S. Facebook users.”

The sudden growth in the use of social media in the years between the 2008 and 2012 elections required the campaign to utilize technology more effectively in the re-election, Goff said. He predicted that as these forms of technology become even more widespread in the near future, political organizations and businesses will have more “accountability and visibility” — forcing them to care more about how they “treat ordinary people.”

Campaign operatives must carefully design their campaign

JI WON LEE/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Teddy Goff ’07, digital director for Obama for America, emphasized the importance of data analysis in politics. strategies based on extensive research on voter behavior, Goff said. He added that the Romney campaign had made many predictions that assumed that voters acted spontaneously, but the predictions turned out to be false. “[Members of Romney campaign] definitely weren’t using the data as we were,” he said.

Goff said that through data analysis, his team has found many interesting aspects of electorate behaviors. For example, people were more likely to be persuaded

by the statement “You should be a donor” than “You should donate” because nouns were found to be more powerful than verbs.

Goff argued that the three critical factors that effectively persuade people are data, stories and digital tools. Persuasion in political context is “quite analogous” to consumer analysis, he said.

Audience members interviewed said they enjoyed the talk because Goff brought a new approach to campaign work.

Zach Maher ’13 said that he

found the discussion “fascinating” because he learned that “appreciation for data leads to practical application.”

Jacob Wasserman ’16 said he thinks Goff showed a “different way of running a campaign using database[s].”

Currently there are about 155 million Facebook users in the United States, slightly exceeding half of the population.

Contact JIWON LEE at jiwon.lee@yale.edu .

PAGE 4

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 9, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT

“Before I leave, brush my teeth with a bottle of Jack / ’Cause when I leave for the night, I ain’t coming back.” KE$HA AMERICAN SINGER-SONGWRITER

Jane Levin to return to DS

Gun reform fight comes to CT

JANE LEVIN FROM PAGE 1 Next year, Richard Levin will go on sabbatical, spending an academic quarter at Stanford University doing research as a visiting professor while he and Jane Levin rent a house down the street from their son’s family in Palo Alto, Calif. Jane Levin said she intends to return to teaching at Yale next spring and resume her post as director of undergraduate studies for D.S. the following fall.

KATHRYN CRANDALL/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

President Barack Obama focused on universal background checks as key to federal gun legislation in a Monday address in West Hartford.

OBAMA FROM PAGE 1 — many of whom sported green ribbons in memory of the victims at Sandy Hook — to continue the momentum of gun-control advocacy so that substantive federal legislation might have a chance of passing.

“I know many of you in Newtown wondered if the rest of us would live up to the promises we made in those dark days, if we’d change too — or if once the television trucks left, once the candles flickered out, once the teddy bears were gathered up, your country would move on to other things,” Obama said. “Newtown, we want you to know that we’re here with you.”

In the first part of his 27-minute speech, Obama listed the proposals he would want to see in an ideal national gun bill — lingering most on a universal background check system, as polls show over 90 percent of Americans support that measure.

Democratic leaders in the Senate pulled several controversial measures, such as an assault weapons ban and a limit on the size of magazines, out of the Senate’s guncontrol bill after realizing that they could not secure the votes to get the bill passed in the Democratic-controlled Senate, much less the Republican-controlled House.

The bill now before Congress still contains a universal background check system as well as tighter regulations on gun trafficking and the act of legally purchasing a gun for a person not authorized to own one.

“There’s no one solution — there’s no one panacea. No state can [regulate gun

violence] alone because illegal trafficking has no respect for state borders,” Connecticut Sen. Richard Blumenthal LAW ’73 said in an interview with the News on Monday.

“But a comprehensive strategy can help save lives. And just because we can’t do everything doesn’t mean that we should do nothing.”

Blumenthal said he plans to introduce an amendment this week to reinsert a ban on magazines containing more than 10 rounds. He added that another senator will reintroduce an assault weapons ban, which he will support. He declined to speculate whether he thinks these measures would pass the Senate, saying that senators know “in their hearts” the right thing to do.

In the latter part of his speech, Obama warned the crowd that, though a majority of the country supports the proposals being discussed, many of their congressmen and senators would vote against such measures for fear of losing favor with the powerful gun lobby.

“Some back in Washington are already floating the idea that they might use political stunts to prevent votes on any of these reforms,” Obama said. “They’re not just saying they’ll vote ‘no’ on ideas that almost all Americans support. They’re saying they won’t allow any votes on them at all. They’re saying your opinion doesn’t matter.”

At that moment, reminiscent of the president’s own words that “Newtown deserves a vote,” the entire gym erupted

Students wary of alcohol consequences ALCOHOL FROM PAGE 1 clusion as the task force itself — that students find the disciplinary policies regarding alcohol confusing, which negatively affects their behavior in potentially dangerous alcohol-related situations.

“The University is placed in a very difficult position — it must simultaneously uphold increasingly stringent state laws regarding alcohol, while recognizing that alcohol consumption is common among college students,” Gonzalez said.

According to the survey, 14 percent of respondents, or 209 students, reported personally experiencing a situation in which they chose not to seek assistance while intoxicated because they were afraid of disciplinary action.

Nineteen percent reported deciding not to call for medical help for an intoxicated friend due to fear of potential disciplinary consequences.

But administrators on the task force interviewed last week said students who are transported to Yale Health or Yale-New Haven do not currently experience disciplinary repercussions unless their transports are recurring or other undergraduate policies unrelated to alcohol have also been violated. “[We] expect students to call for help when they or their classmates need it. But we also expect students to understand that they are responsible for their actions, including when they violate state laws or the Undergraduate Regulations,” said Dean of Student Affairs Marichal Gentry in an email to the News last week. “A host [for example] should expect to accept responsibility for violating both state alcohol laws and the Undergraduate Regulations, even as she or he should expect to summon emergency medical attention for anyone who needs it.”

Still, a majority of respondents said they felt “somewhat” informed on Yale’s alcohol disci-

plinary policies and 69 percent of respondents either “somewhat” or “strongly” agreed that the current policy at Yale is that alcohol is “first and foremost,” a safety issue, while 14 percent “somewhat” disagreed and 12 percent “strongly” disagreed.

The YCC plans to draft a public letter later this week to administrators providing specific recommendations for the University, including suggestions to emphasize safety over discipline and clarify alcohol policies, Gonzalez said. Student comments on the survey included multiple statements that Yale’s disciplinary policies appear to have become stricter in the past few years.

One student complained that Yale Health asks students where they received their drinks, stating that requiring students to disclose where they received alcohol “penalizes off-campus groups and makes alcohol a disciplinary issue rather than a safety issue.”

Gonzalez added that the letter will also include a suggestion that Yale Police do not ask students where they received their drinks, because students are “likely to lie” about where they had consumed alcohol, placing blame on party hosts such as fraternities.

YCC Secretary Andrea Villena ’15 said she herself is not certain about the specifics of the University’s policies regarding alcohol, so she feels that clarifying the existing policies is as important as advocating for new ones.

“I think rather than just focusing on whether or not we should have a strict or lax alcohol policy, the main thing should be [that] whatever [policies] we have, students should be more aware,” Villena said. “I would not say I am 100 percent comfortable on what the [disciplinary] policy is.”

The task force held its last meeting on Feb. 25.

Contact CYNTHIA HUA at cynthia.hua@yale.edu .

into cheers of, “We want a vote! We want a vote!” Connecticut Sens. Blumenthal and Chris Murphy, both vocal supporters of a sweeping federal gun-control package similar to the one passed in their state, could be seen moving through the crowd, shaking hands with audience members.

Outside, supporters waved signs that read “Stop the violence” and “Pray for Newtown.”

Unlike most other gun-themed rallies in the state this year, Obama’s speech at the University of Hartford did not appear to draw an organized protest.

Still, several local residents came to express discontent at Obama’s message.

Craig Bentley, a Connecticut resident and a graduating senior at the University of Hartford, said that the president’s presence demanded an answer. So he arrived at the event wrapped in a yellow flag with a snake and the words “Don’t tread on me” and wearing a shirt bearing the legend “I plead the Second.”

“I felt compelled to come, and I wanted to make a statement showing how I feel in a civil, respectful way, to show that I think the recent passing of the assault weapons ban in Connecticut is unconstitutional,” he said.

New York, Colorado and Maryland have passed gun-control packages similar to the one Connecticut passed on Thursday.

Contact MICHELLE HACKMAN at michelle.hackman@yale.edu .

I love teaching in DS. I love these books. I have no plans to stop.

JANE LEVIN Director of undergraduate studies, Directed Studies “I love teaching in D.S.,” Jane Levin said. “I love these books. I have no plans to stop.”

In interviews with the News, the Levins acknowledged a high level of speculation within the campus community about whether their trip to California will be permanent. Former Yale Corporation senior fellow Roland Betts ’68 said in a November interview that the possibility the Levins move to the West Coast, where their four children and their grandchildren live, is “very real.” But the Levins maintain they will return before Christmas.

If the couple does return to New Haven, Richard Levin will be the first president to stay at Yale after a presidential term since Charles Seymour, who took office in 1937 and remained in New Haven after his retirement as a library curator. Still, no precedent currently stands for Jane Levin’s future at the University, as no spouse of a

University President has ever been an instructor, Yale historian Gaddis Smith said in a Monday email.

Jane Levin has wielded an immense amount of influence over DS since she took the post of DUS in 1999 after becoming an English lecturer in 1990.

Apart from being the point-person for freshmen enrolled in the program, Jane Levin has added four annual sessions at the Yale University Art Gallery, a discussion at the Yale Center for British Art, and a visit to the Beinecke Rare Books and Manuscripts Library into the D.S. curriculum. Additionally, she has coordinated 14 years’ worth of colloquia, setting up three speakers a semester to lecture D.S. students about an issue in Western civilization.

“She’s really the heart of D.S. at the moment,” said professor Barbara Sattler, who is directs the philosophy track in D.S. “She keeps it alive and thriving, and makes sure that everything runs smoothly.”

Sattler added that she has trouble imagining the program without Jane Levin, and she and other professors in the program said they are confident she will return in the spring. Jane Levin has prepared professor Kathryn Slanski to take over as Directed Studies DUS for the year.

As of yet, the Levins are showing no signs of breaking from their plans to return to Yale in late 2013. The house they are renting, Jane Levin said, belongs to a Stanford professor who will be visiting Yale for the fall semester before returning to Palo Alto, and the Levins will keep their house in New Haven.

Jane Levin became a Directed Studies instructor in 1993.

Contact JULIA ZORTHIAN at julia.zorthian@yale.edu .

Elicker receives first Fund cash ELICKER FUNDS FROM PAGE 1 When he qualified for public financing, Elicker also became eligible for a $19,000 grant in addition to the matching funds, but he will only receive this grant once the election becomes a “contested” election. An election will become “contested” when one of Elicker’s opponents in this fall’s race — which currently consists of former city Economic Development Administrator Henry Fernandez LAW ’94, State Rep. Gary Holder-Winfield and plumber Sundiata Keitazulu — has officially spent $5,500 on the race.

Keitazulu and Holder-Winfield have both pledged to use the Democracy Fund, while Fernandez has chosen to opt out because he thinks his late entry into the campaign will prevent him from effectively participating in the Fund. Keitazulu signed onto the Democracy Fund Monday.

With official public finance filings due tomorrow night by state election law, Elicker may be getting another check soon.

As far as dealing with the Democracy Fund … it’s been easy to work with them thus far.

KYLE BUDA Manager, Elicker mayoral campaign “We’ve raised more than $50,000 in direct contributions,” Elicker said. “I’m expecting that [Holder-Winfield has] raised $5,000 dollars, so once it becomes official on [April 10] on the filing date, then we’re likely to get that other check [for $19,000] shortly afterwards.”

Elicker campaign manager Kyle Buda said that the campaign has not spent a significant amount of money yet and that the grant is not immediately necessary to execute their campaign strategy. The primary expenditures so far have been on the office, the website, food for volunteers and campaign literature, he added.

“As far as dealing with the Democracy Fund or working with them, it’s been easy to work with them thus far,” Buda said.

“At this stage, we’re not having to make decisions based on when we get the grant money — we have plenty of resources.”

The campaign has been a “pioneer” in some respects, Elicker campaign treasurer Melanie Quigley said, because it is forcing the Fund to work out some logis-

ALLIE KRAUSE/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Ward 1 Alderman Justin Elicker FES ’10 SOM ’10 is the first mayoral candidate to receive public financing from the Democracy Fund this electoral cycle. tics as the earliest campaign to qualify this year. She described participating in the Democracy Fund as adding an “extra layer of work on top of bureaucracy already mandated by the state,” but added that the Fund has seemed interested in making the process easier and encouraging candidates to use the Fund.

Krayeske said that as soon as he finds out that the election is “contested,” he will file the request for the $19,000 grant for Elicker. He added that campaigns now “need money early,” and that he understands the need for campaigns to receive their funding from the Democracy Fund shortly after they turn in their paperwork of additional qualifying donations.

“I’m hoping that now [that] we’re past April 1, any time we have a candidate who puts forward qualifying donations, we

can turn the check around in five to 10 days,” Krayeske said. “The machinations of bureaucracy take a little while, but I’ve found the [city’s] finance department to be extremely cooperative.”

Other individuals who have expressed interest in running are Hillhouse High School Principal Kermit Carolina and probate Judge Jack Keyes. Carolina has said he will opt into the Fund if he runs for mayor, while Keyes has said he must see if other candidates are opting in and whether the Fund is actually “effective” before making a decision.

Participants in the Democracy Fund may not receive donations exceeding $370.

Contact DIANA LI at diana.li@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 9, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 5

FROM THE FRONT

“No part of the education of a politician is more indispensable than the fighting of elections.” WINSTON CHURCHILL BRITISH POLITICIAN WHO LED THE UNITED KINGDOM DURING WORLD WAR II

YCC PRESIDENT

YCC VICE PRESIDENT

YCC EVENTS DIRECTOR

(choose one)

(choose one)

(choose one)

Official Ballot

Official Ballot

Official Ballot

Danny Avraham ’14

Kyle Tramonte ’15

Eli Rivkin ’15

The President shall lead the YCC to fulfill its mission and provide a constant dialogue between the YCC and the students of Yale College and the University administration. Accordingly, the President shall encourage the YCC to become more effective, more accountable, and truer to its purpose and mission.

The Vice President shall oversee all policy committees to ensure the advancement of Council initiatives. The Vice President shall also maintain the integrity of the council in accordance with the Constitution.

The Events Director shall plan and/or oversee all events put on by the Yale College Council.

Multiple YCC races uncontested for first time YCC FROM PAGE 1 tion, in the upcoming days, as part of the campaign, I’ll have the opportunity to really focus on hearing from students what they want from the YCC.” In addition to Avraham, Kyle Tramonte ’15 and Eli Rivkin ’15 are running unopposed for the position of vice president and events director, respectively.

Avraham is the current YCC vice president, Tramonte is a Saybrook College YCC representative and Rivkin is a Trumbull

College YCC representative. The three candidates said they will still campaign this week, even though they are guaranteed to win their races.

Twelve students interviewed said they think the unprecedented uncontested races will delegitimize the election and deincentivize the candidates from clearly articulating their platforms and seeking student input.

“I think it’s bad in that we lose an opportunity as a campus for dialogue about platforms that

you get when you have multiple candidates,” Rachel Brown ’15 said. “But it will make the campaign season a lot more pleasant because we won’t get as many emails.”

Hira Hasnain ’15 said competition during elections is important because it forces candidates to be more precise and thorough in their promises and agendas.

Tramonte said he will reach out to students across campus to discuss student life issues and the functioning of the YCC, and Avraham said he will also work

to meet as many students as possible to promote the council’s ideas and gather feedback.

The three candidates said the uncontested elections will not significantly affect their ability to do their jobs effectively next year.

“Being elected through an uncontested race will have the same impact on my role next year as if I had won in a contested race,” Rivkin said. “I am still determined to make the biggest difference next year by continuing the hard work of

[Bryan Epps ’14] and previous events directors, while focusing on creating more events that will give students the opportunity to showcase their own talents.”

YCC President John Gonzalez ’14, several other YCC members interviewed and the three candidates said they think the current election has several uncontested races because the candidates were able to gather widespread support inside and outside the council before the election began.

Rivkin said he thinks he,

Avraham and Tramonte are all qualified for their chosen positions, adding that the uncontested races mean the “Yale community thought we were the best candidates to represent the student body on the YCC.” Campaigning officially began last Saturday and will conclude with the start of elections at 9 a.m. this Thursday.

Contact KIRSTEN SCHNACKENBERG at kirsten.schnackenberg@yale.edu .

Morning Checklist [x] Brush teeth [x] Wash face [x] Comb hair [x] Grab coffee [x] Read the YDN

Get your day started on the right page.

recycleyourydndaily

recycleyourydndaily

recycleyourydndaily

PAGE 6

YALE DAILY NEWS 路 TUESDAY, APRIL 9, 2013 路 yaledailynews.com

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 9, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 7

BULLETIN BOARD

TODAY’S FORECAST Mostly cloudy, then gradually becoming sunny, with a high near 73. Low of 50.

TOMORROW High of 73, low of 51.

SCIENCE HILL BY SPENCER KATZ

ON CAMPUS TUESDAY, APRIL 9 7:00 PM “Ati & Mindhiva” World premiere of a new documentary, “Ati & Mindhiva,” by Colombian filmmaker Claudia Fischer. The documentary focuses on the lives and aspirations of two sisters of the Arahuaca nation of Colombia. There will be a Q-and-A with Fischer following the screening. Free and open to the general public. Loria Center (190 York St.), Room 250.

WEDNESDAY, APRIL 10 4:00 PM Bet the Farm: Talking Corporate Greed with Author Frederick Kaufman We overproduce an astonishing surplus of food every year, and yet over a billion people in the world are still going hungry every day. Join Frederick Kaufman, journalist and author of “Bet the Farm: How Food Stopped Being Food,” to explore the effects that globalization, commoditization and corporate greed have on our food system. William L. Harkness Hall (100 Wall St.), Room 120.

ZERO LIKE ME BY REUXBEN BARRIENTES

5:30 PM Music Haven Cello Studio Recital Cello students of Matt Beckmann share their talents in instrument-specific studio recitals followed by a potluck dinner at Music Haven’s intimate office and performance space. Music Haven (117 Whalley Ave.).

THURSDAY, APRIL 11 12:00 PM “Complex Disasters: Social and Environmental Impacts of Humanitarian Aid in the Nicobar Islands” The Nicobar Islands, an archipelago belonging to India in the Bay of Bengal, were profoundly affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Based on a 10-year observation period, this talk narrates the story of transformation of an indigenous island community of hunter-gatherers and coconut growers to an aid-dependent and monetarized economy. Lunch provided. Sage Hall (195 Prospect St.), Bowers Auditorium.

THAT MONKEY TUNE BY MICHAEL KANDALAFT

y SUBMIT YOUR EVENTS ONLINE yaledailynews.com/events/submit DOONESBURY BY GARRY TRUDEAU

To reach us: E-mail editor@yaledailynews.com Advertisements 2-2424 (before 5 p.m.)

2-2400 (after 5 p.m.)

Mailing address Yale Daily News P.O. Box 209007 New Haven, CT 06520

Questions or comments about the fairness or accuracy of stories should be directed to Editor in Chief Tapley Stephenson at (203) 432-2418.

Bulletin Board is a free service provided to groups of the Yale community for events. Listings should be submitted online at yaledailynews.com/events/ submit. The Yale Daily News reserves the right to edit listings.

To visit us in person 202 York St. New Haven, Conn. (Opposite JE) FOR RELEASE APRIL 9, 2013

Los Angeles Times Daily Crossword Puzzle

CLASSIFIEDS

CROSSWORD Edited by Rich Norris and Joyce Lewis ACROSS 1 Send payment 6 Utter angrily, as insults 10 Cameron of “Knight and Day” 14 Compensate (for) 15 On the briny 16 Dope from a booth?

17 Grocery bag option 18 Narrow inlets 19 1944 invasion city 20 Patient’s therapeutic shriek 23 For free 26 Groundbreaking old Fords 27 Multivolume ref.

28 It’s right on a map 31 Mentalist’s alleged ability, briefly 32 Tiny data storage device 35 Old-timey word of woe 39 Cowgirl Dale 40 Forest feller 41 Garlicky spread 42 Thinker Descartes 43 Uprising at Leavenworth, e.g.

45 Old name for Tokyo 47 Sports pg. number 48 St. Louis-toChicago dir.

49 Open courtyards 53 Warnings from a ticked-off tabby 55 Comical sort, like the last word of 20-, 32- or 43Across 58 New Age pianist John 59 Tavern flier 60 “Nothing ventured, nothing gained,” for one 64 Aid in a caper 65 Trees with splitresistant wood 66 Himalayan land 67 Optimistic 68 Bacon buy

CLASSICAL MUSIC 24 Hours a Day. 98.3 FM, and on the web at WMNR. org.

“Pledges accepted: 1-800345-1812” Tuesday is Opera night!

PROFESSIONAL CLEANING SERVICE for commercial accounts, also carry a full line of custodial supplies and paper products. Info at www. abetterviewcleaning.com

By Gail Grabowski and Bruce Venzke

69 ’50s-’60s TV beatnik Maynard G. __

DOWN 1 Jay-Z’s genre 2 LAX listing 3 Swiffer product 4 All thumbs 5 Scotty and Jack Russell 6 Do damage to 7 Old Voice of America org.

8 Kingdom 9 Caught at a rodeo 10 Tumbledown condition 11 What spies gather, for short 12 G sharp equivalent 13 Close-up lenses 21 Words to an old chap 22 Music store buys 23 Mayberry’s Pyle 24 Christopher who played Superman 25 Slogan writer 29 Melee memento 30 Urban cruisers

Monday’s Puzzle Solved

(c)2013 Tribune Media Services, Inc.

33 U-turn 34 Sit for a spell 36 Pork cuts 37 How most writers work 38 Webmaster’s creations 41 Designed to defeat a Panzer, say 43 Scented hair ointments 44 Waikiki’s island

Want to place a classified ad?

CALL (203) 432-2424 OR E-MAIL BUSINESS@ YALEDAILYNEWS.COM

4/9/13

SUDOKU EASY

4/9/13

46 “Like, no-brainer!”

49 Hitching post?

50 Martial artsbased workout 51 Slick tricks 52 Sweater size 54 Passover feast 56 “__ la Douce” 57 Govt. crash investigator 61 “Great” simian 62 Chatter 63 Golfer Ernie

7 6 9 2 8 2 5 3 9 4 3 6 4 1 7 5 2 4 3 1 3 8 6 6 2 3 3 1 9 7 4 1 3 9 1 4 7 8

THURSDAY High of 61, low of 48.

PAGE 8

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 9, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 9, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 9

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

“All colors are the friends of their neighbors and the lovers of their opposites.”

MARC CHAGALL RUSSIAN ARTIST

Color quandary: Study calls colors of fossilized animals into question

BY AARON LEWIS CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Scientists may have the colors of fossilized animals all wrong.

In a study published March 27 in the journal “Biology Letters,” a group of Yale geology and geophysics researchers found that the common method of reconstructing the feather color of fossilized birds is flawed. In the past, scientists examined the shape and structure of melanosomes — cellular structures containing the compound melanin, which determines the color of feathers. Though scientists have typically assumed that the melanin remained unchanged, the study showed this assumption to be incorrect, said study co-author Zhengrong Wang, a Yale geology and geophysics assistant professor.

All those beautiful colors we learn from prehistoric sci-fi movies are based on these predictions.

ZHENGRONG WANG Assistant professor, geology and geophysics Lead researcher Maria E. McNamara — a former Yale postdoctoral researcher now working at the University of Bristol — simulated the fossilization process in her lab using a machine called an autoclave. The autoclave generates very high temperatures and pressures in order to mimic the conditions deep inside the Earth’s crust. McNamara and her team, which included Peabody Museum Director Derek Briggs, have found that scientists cannot reconstruct color using melanosomes alone because geological processes alter their original structure over time.

“We’ve been taking modern feathers and placing them in the

TIP #1:

ALEXIS O’TOOLE/CREATIVE COMMONS

A Connecticut State Legislature limitation on indoor tanning for those under 18 would work to prevent the early establishment of a tanning habit.

BY HANNAH SCHWARZ STAFF REPORTER

Contact AARON LEWIS at aaron.z.lewis@yale.edu .

Over five million Americans suffer annually from heart failure — one of the most common causes of hospitalization and readmission — yet the medication most often prescribed may not be the most effective.

Heart failure is typically treated by loop diuretics, commonly known as water pills, which stimulate the kidneys to excrete excess salt and water to relieve fluid that builds up due to heart complications. Researchers at the Yale School of Medicine have found that of three loop diuretics on the market, the one that may be the most beneficial to patients is prescribed by hospitals in less than 1 percent of cases, said lead author Behnood Bikdeli, an internal medicine and cardiology postdoctorate at the medical school. The study was issued online on April 1 and will be published in today’s print issue of the Journal of American Cardiology.

INTROPIN/CREATIVE COMMONS

Eighty-seven percent of heart failure patients take furosemide.

Bikdeli said these three medications — furosemide, bumetanide and torsemide — have been available for over 10 years, but nobody has conducted research to investigate potential differences between them and determine the most effective treatment. He and his team reviewed existing literature and data from hospitals, reporting that although 87 percent of heart failure patients take furosemide, they might be better off taking torsemide.

Still, Bikdeli said he would not recommend a change in medical practice without follow-up studies to see if torsemide is actually the best option.

“The existing literature is so limited that our meta analysis was also somewhat limited, but what we’re observing is a signal that torsemide might be a better diuretic with a more predictable effect than furosemide,” Bikdeli said.

A “definitive answer” to which loop diuretic is the most beneficial would require a double blind, randomized trial comparing parameters such as death, hospital readmission and quality of life for patients who take torsemide and patients who take furosemide, he added.

Bikdeli’s report is an indication of the lack of proper “head-to-head studies” of different heart failure treatments, said cardiology professor Harlan Krumholz, who also worked on the research. Krumholz added that he hopes this paper will be a catalyst for more research investigating loop diuretics — a common class of medications that he said has not been studied enough.

The widespread use of furosemide is based on habit rather than on scientific evidence that it is the more beneficial treatment, Krumholz said, adding that he does not know why furosemide became so popular since all three diuretics are relatively cheap to produce.

“The implication here is less of a conclusion and more of a teaser pointing out the gaps in current research,” Krumholz said.

But Yale cardiology affiliate Kumar

Advice for to-be Ph.D. candidates April brings showers, allergies and, for college seniors, post-college decisions. Six years ago this month, I decided that I would stay at Yale to obtain a Ph.D. in immunobiology. I have definitely learned a lot while in graduate school, about science and about life. And not to add myself to that often-overeager crew of advice givers, but I think I can distill what has improved my experience into three tips for those of you bound for graduate school in the sciences and maybe other paths as well.

autoclave,” McNamara said. “What we’ve found is that when all of these feathers went into the experiments, they came out black. All the other color-producing structures were destroyed.”

Scientists will now have to go back and reexamine their samples, researchers said.

“All those beautiful colors we see in prehistoric sci-fi movies are based on these predictions,” Wang added.

Both McNamara and Wang said the importance of understanding animal color cannot be understated.

Color often has specific evolutionary functions — such as camouflage, warning signals, mating or communication — that can tell scientists a lot about how an animal behaved, McNamara said.

Yale geology and geophysics assistant professor Kanani Lee, who was not involved in the study, said she attended a talk McNamara gave last year in which she showed similar findings for the shell colors of fossilized beetles.

“She was looking at bugs,” Lee said, “and what was kind of cool about it is that she saw that in the lab, if she influenced the pressure and temperature conditions, she could change what the colors would look like.”

Wang said the team’s findings were unexpected, adding that he is excited about the potential consumer applications of this research.

Currently, companies use metals like lead to create colorful toys for children, but this process can cause major health problems.

“If we know how to make color from organic material, we don’t have to use metals to produce color anymore,” Wang said.

The research was funded by a Marie Curie International Mobility Fellowship through University College Dublin.

KAREN TIAN

Heart failure treatment re-evaluated

BY PAYAL MARATHE STAFF REPORTER

CT may ban indoor tanning for minors

GUE ST COLUMNIST SAHELI SADANAND

The Connecticut State Legislature is currently considering a ban on indoor tanning for minors.

The proposed bill would prevent all indoor tanning salons in the state from serving people under 18 years of age, unless they have the written consent of a physician. Connecticut’s current policy requires 16- and 17-year-olds to have parental consent and those under the age of 16 to have a doctor’s permission to be served. On March 15, the Connecticut General Assembly heard testimonies for the bill, which is backed by recent research from the Yale School of Public Health.

The research shows that indoor tanning is associated with a 69 percent increased risk of early-onset basal cell carcinoma and that 27 percent of cases of this type of skin cancer would be prevented if indoor tanning were not used.

School of Public Health professor Susan Mayne, one of the study’s authors, said the potential for the bill passing the legislature is much higher

than it was last year, when a similar bill was proposed but did not make it out of the public health committee.

She noted that stronger scientific evidence on the hazards of indoor tanning — including some key studies published in 2012 — along with a longer legislative session strengthen the bill’s chances.

Last month, the Public Health Committee heard 35 testimonies on the bill. The pro-bill testimonies came mostly from doctors, public health researchers and medical organizations. Opposing testimonies came mostly from tanning companies.

Supporters of the bill said the proposed legislation may serve a preventative role. The younger a person begins tanning, the more likely he or she may be to continue the habit later in life, said study co-author Brenda Cartmel, chronic disease epidemiology research scientist at the School of Public Health.

“If we can delay the age at which young people start indoor tanning, some of them may never start,” she said, adding that peer pressure is a large factor in teenage tanning.

University of North Carolina School of Social Work professor Matthew Howard, who studies the addictive qualities of tanning, said that from a public health perspective, “there’s no question” that indoor tanning increases the risk of skin cancer.

If we can delay the age at which young people start indoor tanning, some of them may never start.

BRENDA CARTMEL Chronic disease epidemiology research scientist, School of Public Health Although there is little scientific literature on the subject, the research suggests tanning could be addictive for some individuals, particularly depressed and anxious young women, he added. Still, Howard said he is ambivalent about the proposed Senate bill, calling it “a little Big Brother-

like.”

Tom Kelleher, founder of Connecticut’s Tommy’s Tanning, said many of his customers think the bill is “outrageous.” Expressing concern over the bill’s effect on “personal freedoms,” Kelleher likened the situation to that of Prohibition and said it may increase the appeal of tanning among youth. If dermatologists are concerned about the effects of tanning, they should also pay attention to the effects of overexposure to natural sunlight, he added.

But dermatologist Beth Goldstein, president of Central Dermatology Center in North Carolina, said that tanning bed UV light is 15 times stronger than that of the sun. Although the eight-fold increase in melanoma — the most fatal form of skin cancer — in young women is not conclusively linked to the proliferation of tanning bed use, “that’s the assumption,” she added.

If the bill passes the legislature and is signed by Governor Dannel Malloy, it will go into effect on Oct. 1.

Researchers at the Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science have made a key discovery in the field of quantum optomechanics, the study of the relationship between light and matter. Led by electrical engineering social research scientist Xiankai Sun, the team designed photonic nanodevices capable of storing large amounts of energy as light. Sun and his co-authors — engineering and physics professor Hong Tang, electrical engineering postdoctoral scholar Carsten Schuck and Xufeng Zhang GRD ’16 — published a paper on their research in the March 13 issue of the journal “Scientific Reports.”

Sun, who is the paper’s lead author, fielded a few questions about the team’s research methods and the importance of the findings Sunday afternoon. led your research group to QWhat this set of experiments?

A

VISHWA DIXIT Immunobiology professor, Louisiana State University

the near future the different diuretics will be studied through a randomized, controlled experiment. He added that observational studies will not be sufficient in determining which medication is optimal, since so few hospitals are prescribing torsemide in the first place.

The researchers obtained data on heart failure hospitalizations through the database Premier Inc. Contact PAYAL MARATHE at payal.marathe@yale.edu .

“This is a fantastic paper because it shows really for the first time a real mechanistic connection between hunger-promoting neurons and peripheral adaptive immunity,” said Louisiana State immunobiology professor Vishwa Dixit, who was not involved in the study.

The researchers explored the link between appetite and immune response through AgRP neurons, which are found in the hypothalamus and promote appetite. When Horvath and the team simulated a state of satiety by chronically suppressing the neurons, they observed an increased immune response indicated by increased T cell activation.

Horvath called the mechanism a “doubleedged sword,” as acute inflammation is a key defense against various pathogens, but chronic inflammation can lead to autoim-

KAREN TIAN

mune diseases.

The increased availability of energy-rich foods nationwide has correlated with growing prevalence of autoimmune diseases, Dixit said.

“What that is doing is tipping the balance of the base of inflammation towards more of a pro-inflammatory state,” he said. “That is thought to be responsible in part for several chronic diseases that stem from inflammation, ranging from Alzheimer’s diseases to diabetes.”

Horvath said he hopes to conduct studies in humans and non-human primates to show whether promoting hunger can suppress autoimmune diseases. By control-

ling food intake and the level of hunger subjects reach during the daily cycle, he said he should be able to modulate immune inflammatory responses.

But treatment in humans is still a distant prospect, said Yale neurology professor David Hafler, who was not affiliated with the study. The paper did not explore a mechanism that connects the knockout of the AgRP neuron to the increased immune response, which will be a key step in developing treatments for autoimmune diseases that exploit the pathway that Horvath explored. Furthermore, studies using model organisms like mice always require more inquiry before the mechanisms can be trans-

lated to human clinical applications, he said.

Hafler said this paper adds to a growing literature that implicates the whole metabolic system in the functioning of the immune system. In March, Hafler was the senior author of a paper published in the journal Nature showing that table salt can exacerbate symptoms of autoimmune diseases.

According to the National Institutes of Health, five to eight percent of Americans suffer from autoimmune diseases.

Contact DAN WEINER at daniel.weiner@yale.edu .

TIP #3:

Make time for old friends and make new friends. In the last month or two of college, this seems easy, but don’t let the nostalgia of senior spring fool you — life finds a way of making this hard. Something goes awry with an experiment or a meeting runs over and you have to miss dinner with a friend. You are consumed with studying for your qualifying exam and you forget to respond to emails. Don’t fall victim to the over-used “I’m so busy” excuse. You will regret it. I don’t know of anybody who wants to be in or think about lab work 24/7. Making time for past friends and making an effort to reach out to new friends in graduate school will help you get through your toughest moments. I can’t emphasize enough how important it has been to have people – both in New Haven and elsewhere —– give me advice and help me take my mind off of work. PCRs will work or fail, but homies are forever.

I hope these tips help you maintain your sanity and sense of humor when you have one of those terrible, no good, very bad days. May the force be with you and may http:// whatshouldwecallgradschool.tumblr.com/ always be there for your amusement!

SAHELI SADANAND is a graduate student in the immunobiology department.

Contact her at saheli.sadanand@yale.edu .

Scientist talks nanodevices

BY DHRUV AGGARWAL STAFF REPORTER

[Energy-rich food] is thought to be responsible for several chronic diseases that stem from inflammation.

Dharmarajan, another member of the research team, said there are biological reasons to believe that torsemide may be more effective than furosemide. Torsemide is more “orally bioavailable,” he said, which means that it is more efficiently absorbed in the intestines. Torsemide also lasts longer in the body, so it has more time to aid the kidneys in relieving fluid build-up, he added.

With these distinctions in mind, Dharmarajan said he also hopes that in

Don’t underestimate the role of luck. I know that this will sound weird to scientists-in-training — and successful students and postdocs may deny its existence — but the hard truth is that luck (or perhaps its less inflammatory synonym “timing”) will play a significant role in your graduate school career. Some students have good timing, picking up a project whose experimental system has been well worked out. But

Study links hunger, autoimmune diseases Yale researchers have helped uncover the cellular mechanism that explains how changes in our diet may have led to increasing rates of autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis.

Using genetically modified mice, the researchers showed that altering hypothalamic neurons to simulate satiety increased inflammation of body tissue. The finding helps explain how immune system-triggered inflammation often occurs after eating and carries implications for developing new treatments for autoimmune disorders, said senior author and comparative medicine professor Tamas Horvath of the Yale School of Medicine. The paper was published online on March 25 in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

School of Medicine researchers have found that the most beneficial heart disease medication is not necessarily what doctors prescribe most often.

TIP #2:

Contact HANNAH SCHWARZ at hannah.schwarz@yale.edu .

BY DAN WEINER STAFF REPORTER

THOMAS HOOTEN/CREATIVE COMMONS

Choose a lab whose negative aspects you can best cope with. I can’t claim credit for this particular nugget — a very wise graduate student told me this while I was doing my lab rotations in my first year of graduate school. Every lab has negatives. You are not going to find some kind of scientific Eden and if you go in thinking that you have found that, you’re setting yourself up for disappointment. Some labs are more laid back, some labs are very well organized, some PIs are micromanagers and some PIs could care less if you rolled in every day after lunch. Additionally, labs also evolve with time; people and funding come and go and this affects the lab environment. While you can’t anticipate evolution, you can think long and hard about not just what you like about your prospective labs in their current forms, but also what you don’t like. You want to feel reasonably confident that the things you don’t like about the lab you eventually choose to join are not going to drive you insane a few years later.

many will not, and even with a fairly “straightforward” project, things will likely go wrong. Don’t get frustrated — this is typical. And as a corollary to this tip, remember that long hours are sadly not well correlated with a fast track to graduation. The green monster of jealousy that rises in you as you see one of your lab mates coasting out every day at 5 p.m. is neither warranted nor helpful to your psyche.

Everyone in graduate school works hard, but some people have projects that are less time consuming than others. Hard work does pay off, but not at the same rate for everyone.

Our group studies optomechanics — the interaction between light and mechanical vibrations. We designed optomechanical devices to study the relationship between light and mechanical vibration in a tiny region. We reduced the device geometry in this case to have a more localized region.

Generally, the free carriers in silicon vibrate, generating heat. The vibration excites electrons, which causes light to lose its intensity. We wanted to design a method that reduces this loss of light intensity.

did you do to maintain and QWhat improve the intensity of light?

A

We immersed the device in superfluid helium, which has low viscosity and density. It has a gas-like refractive index and will not reduce vibration. The thermal conductivity of this helium is

the highest of any substance ever known in the world. Below two Kelvin, the free carriers are “frozen” and do not reduce light intensity.

This hence allows you to increase interaction between light and mechanics, but at the same time not kill mechanical properties. We also found that the cavity photon number is 40,000 — an order of magnitude above the previous finding for this number. are the implications and QWhat applications of your findings?

A

Silicon nanocavities are used in telecommunications, laser systems, biochemical sensors and in quantum electrodynamics. All these devices need a strong interaction between light and matter.

We want to be able to have enough intensity with even a small amount of light. We did this experiment to improve the Optical Quality Factor.

The final goal is not just to enhance OQF, but also to increase the optical intensity in devices to get a stronger interaction between light and subjects.

organizations helped you QWhat in preparing and researching for this project?

A

We had been motivated by the relationship between light and mechanics and wanted to reduce the size of the region under investigation. We received funding from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency for this purpose.

Yale’s School of Engineering and Applied Science has a clean room that provides the environment to produce the devices involved in the research. Since the devices are toxic, the clean room helps to keep you healthy while in contact with these substances. In terms of fabrication [of devices], Yale is one of the best in the world.

Contact DHRUV AGGARWAL at dhruv.aggarwal@yale.edu .

PAGE 8

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 9, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 9, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 9

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

“All colors are the friends of their neighbors and the lovers of their opposites.”

MARC CHAGALL RUSSIAN ARTIST

Color quandary: Study calls colors of fossilized animals into question

BY AARON LEWIS CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Scientists may have the colors of fossilized animals all wrong.

In a study published March 27 in the journal “Biology Letters,” a group of Yale geology and geophysics researchers found that the common method of reconstructing the feather color of fossilized birds is flawed. In the past, scientists examined the shape and structure of melanosomes — cellular structures containing the compound melanin, which determines the color of feathers. Though scientists have typically assumed that the melanin remained unchanged, the study showed this assumption to be incorrect, said study co-author Zhengrong Wang, a Yale geology and geophysics assistant professor.

All those beautiful colors we learn from prehistoric sci-fi movies are based on these predictions.

ZHENGRONG WANG Assistant professor, geology and geophysics Lead researcher Maria E. McNamara — a former Yale postdoctoral researcher now working at the University of Bristol — simulated the fossilization process in her lab using a machine called an autoclave. The autoclave generates very high temperatures and pressures in order to mimic the conditions deep inside the Earth’s crust. McNamara and her team, which included Peabody Museum Director Derek Briggs, have found that scientists cannot reconstruct color using melanosomes alone because geological processes alter their original structure over time.

“We’ve been taking modern feathers and placing them in the

TIP #1:

ALEXIS O’TOOLE/CREATIVE COMMONS

A Connecticut State Legislature limitation on indoor tanning for those under 18 would work to prevent the early establishment of a tanning habit.

BY HANNAH SCHWARZ STAFF REPORTER

Contact AARON LEWIS at aaron.z.lewis@yale.edu .

Over five million Americans suffer annually from heart failure — one of the most common causes of hospitalization and readmission — yet the medication most often prescribed may not be the most effective.

Heart failure is typically treated by loop diuretics, commonly known as water pills, which stimulate the kidneys to excrete excess salt and water to relieve fluid that builds up due to heart complications. Researchers at the Yale School of Medicine have found that of three loop diuretics on the market, the one that may be the most beneficial to patients is prescribed by hospitals in less than 1 percent of cases, said lead author Behnood Bikdeli, an internal medicine and cardiology postdoctorate at the medical school. The study was issued online on April 1 and will be published in today’s print issue of the Journal of American Cardiology.

INTROPIN/CREATIVE COMMONS

Eighty-seven percent of heart failure patients take furosemide.

Bikdeli said these three medications — furosemide, bumetanide and torsemide — have been available for over 10 years, but nobody has conducted research to investigate potential differences between them and determine the most effective treatment. He and his team reviewed existing literature and data from hospitals, reporting that although 87 percent of heart failure patients take furosemide, they might be better off taking torsemide.

Still, Bikdeli said he would not recommend a change in medical practice without follow-up studies to see if torsemide is actually the best option.

“The existing literature is so limited that our meta analysis was also somewhat limited, but what we’re observing is a signal that torsemide might be a better diuretic with a more predictable effect than furosemide,” Bikdeli said.

A “definitive answer” to which loop diuretic is the most beneficial would require a double blind, randomized trial comparing parameters such as death, hospital readmission and quality of life for patients who take torsemide and patients who take furosemide, he added.

Bikdeli’s report is an indication of the lack of proper “head-to-head studies” of different heart failure treatments, said cardiology professor Harlan Krumholz, who also worked on the research. Krumholz added that he hopes this paper will be a catalyst for more research investigating loop diuretics — a common class of medications that he said has not been studied enough.

The widespread use of furosemide is based on habit rather than on scientific evidence that it is the more beneficial treatment, Krumholz said, adding that he does not know why furosemide became so popular since all three diuretics are relatively cheap to produce.

“The implication here is less of a conclusion and more of a teaser pointing out the gaps in current research,” Krumholz said.

But Yale cardiology affiliate Kumar

Advice for to-be Ph.D. candidates April brings showers, allergies and, for college seniors, post-college decisions. Six years ago this month, I decided that I would stay at Yale to obtain a Ph.D. in immunobiology. I have definitely learned a lot while in graduate school, about science and about life. And not to add myself to that often-overeager crew of advice givers, but I think I can distill what has improved my experience into three tips for those of you bound for graduate school in the sciences and maybe other paths as well.

autoclave,” McNamara said. “What we’ve found is that when all of these feathers went into the experiments, they came out black. All the other color-producing structures were destroyed.”

Scientists will now have to go back and reexamine their samples, researchers said.

“All those beautiful colors we see in prehistoric sci-fi movies are based on these predictions,” Wang added.

Both McNamara and Wang said the importance of understanding animal color cannot be understated.

Color often has specific evolutionary functions — such as camouflage, warning signals, mating or communication — that can tell scientists a lot about how an animal behaved, McNamara said.

Yale geology and geophysics assistant professor Kanani Lee, who was not involved in the study, said she attended a talk McNamara gave last year in which she showed similar findings for the shell colors of fossilized beetles.

“She was looking at bugs,” Lee said, “and what was kind of cool about it is that she saw that in the lab, if she influenced the pressure and temperature conditions, she could change what the colors would look like.”

Wang said the team’s findings were unexpected, adding that he is excited about the potential consumer applications of this research.

Currently, companies use metals like lead to create colorful toys for children, but this process can cause major health problems.

“If we know how to make color from organic material, we don’t have to use metals to produce color anymore,” Wang said.

The research was funded by a Marie Curie International Mobility Fellowship through University College Dublin.

KAREN TIAN

Heart failure treatment re-evaluated

BY PAYAL MARATHE STAFF REPORTER

CT may ban indoor tanning for minors

GUE ST COLUMNIST SAHELI SADANAND

The Connecticut State Legislature is currently considering a ban on indoor tanning for minors.

The proposed bill would prevent all indoor tanning salons in the state from serving people under 18 years of age, unless they have the written consent of a physician. Connecticut’s current policy requires 16- and 17-year-olds to have parental consent and those under the age of 16 to have a doctor’s permission to be served. On March 15, the Connecticut General Assembly heard testimonies for the bill, which is backed by recent research from the Yale School of Public Health.

The research shows that indoor tanning is associated with a 69 percent increased risk of early-onset basal cell carcinoma and that 27 percent of cases of this type of skin cancer would be prevented if indoor tanning were not used.

School of Public Health professor Susan Mayne, one of the study’s authors, said the potential for the bill passing the legislature is much higher

than it was last year, when a similar bill was proposed but did not make it out of the public health committee.

She noted that stronger scientific evidence on the hazards of indoor tanning — including some key studies published in 2012 — along with a longer legislative session strengthen the bill’s chances.

Last month, the Public Health Committee heard 35 testimonies on the bill. The pro-bill testimonies came mostly from doctors, public health researchers and medical organizations. Opposing testimonies came mostly from tanning companies.

Supporters of the bill said the proposed legislation may serve a preventative role. The younger a person begins tanning, the more likely he or she may be to continue the habit later in life, said study co-author Brenda Cartmel, chronic disease epidemiology research scientist at the School of Public Health.

“If we can delay the age at which young people start indoor tanning, some of them may never start,” she said, adding that peer pressure is a large factor in teenage tanning.

University of North Carolina School of Social Work professor Matthew Howard, who studies the addictive qualities of tanning, said that from a public health perspective, “there’s no question” that indoor tanning increases the risk of skin cancer.

If we can delay the age at which young people start indoor tanning, some of them may never start.

BRENDA CARTMEL Chronic disease epidemiology research scientist, School of Public Health Although there is little scientific literature on the subject, the research suggests tanning could be addictive for some individuals, particularly depressed and anxious young women, he added. Still, Howard said he is ambivalent about the proposed Senate bill, calling it “a little Big Brother-

like.”

Tom Kelleher, founder of Connecticut’s Tommy’s Tanning, said many of his customers think the bill is “outrageous.” Expressing concern over the bill’s effect on “personal freedoms,” Kelleher likened the situation to that of Prohibition and said it may increase the appeal of tanning among youth. If dermatologists are concerned about the effects of tanning, they should also pay attention to the effects of overexposure to natural sunlight, he added.

But dermatologist Beth Goldstein, president of Central Dermatology Center in North Carolina, said that tanning bed UV light is 15 times stronger than that of the sun. Although the eight-fold increase in melanoma — the most fatal form of skin cancer — in young women is not conclusively linked to the proliferation of tanning bed use, “that’s the assumption,” she added.

If the bill passes the legislature and is signed by Governor Dannel Malloy, it will go into effect on Oct. 1.

Researchers at the Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science have made a key discovery in the field of quantum optomechanics, the study of the relationship between light and matter. Led by electrical engineering social research scientist Xiankai Sun, the team designed photonic nanodevices capable of storing large amounts of energy as light. Sun and his co-authors — engineering and physics professor Hong Tang, electrical engineering postdoctoral scholar Carsten Schuck and Xufeng Zhang GRD ’16 — published a paper on their research in the March 13 issue of the journal “Scientific Reports.”

Sun, who is the paper’s lead author, fielded a few questions about the team’s research methods and the importance of the findings Sunday afternoon. led your research group to QWhat this set of experiments?

A

VISHWA DIXIT Immunobiology professor, Louisiana State University

the near future the different diuretics will be studied through a randomized, controlled experiment. He added that observational studies will not be sufficient in determining which medication is optimal, since so few hospitals are prescribing torsemide in the first place.

The researchers obtained data on heart failure hospitalizations through the database Premier Inc. Contact PAYAL MARATHE at payal.marathe@yale.edu .

“This is a fantastic paper because it shows really for the first time a real mechanistic connection between hunger-promoting neurons and peripheral adaptive immunity,” said Louisiana State immunobiology professor Vishwa Dixit, who was not involved in the study.

The researchers explored the link between appetite and immune response through AgRP neurons, which are found in the hypothalamus and promote appetite. When Horvath and the team simulated a state of satiety by chronically suppressing the neurons, they observed an increased immune response indicated by increased T cell activation.

Horvath called the mechanism a “doubleedged sword,” as acute inflammation is a key defense against various pathogens, but chronic inflammation can lead to autoim-

KAREN TIAN

mune diseases.

The increased availability of energy-rich foods nationwide has correlated with growing prevalence of autoimmune diseases, Dixit said.

“What that is doing is tipping the balance of the base of inflammation towards more of a pro-inflammatory state,” he said. “That is thought to be responsible in part for several chronic diseases that stem from inflammation, ranging from Alzheimer’s diseases to diabetes.”

Horvath said he hopes to conduct studies in humans and non-human primates to show whether promoting hunger can suppress autoimmune diseases. By control-

ling food intake and the level of hunger subjects reach during the daily cycle, he said he should be able to modulate immune inflammatory responses.

But treatment in humans is still a distant prospect, said Yale neurology professor David Hafler, who was not affiliated with the study. The paper did not explore a mechanism that connects the knockout of the AgRP neuron to the increased immune response, which will be a key step in developing treatments for autoimmune diseases that exploit the pathway that Horvath explored. Furthermore, studies using model organisms like mice always require more inquiry before the mechanisms can be trans-

lated to human clinical applications, he said.

Hafler said this paper adds to a growing literature that implicates the whole metabolic system in the functioning of the immune system. In March, Hafler was the senior author of a paper published in the journal Nature showing that table salt can exacerbate symptoms of autoimmune diseases.

According to the National Institutes of Health, five to eight percent of Americans suffer from autoimmune diseases.

Contact DAN WEINER at daniel.weiner@yale.edu .

TIP #3:

Make time for old friends and make new friends. In the last month or two of college, this seems easy, but don’t let the nostalgia of senior spring fool you — life finds a way of making this hard. Something goes awry with an experiment or a meeting runs over and you have to miss dinner with a friend. You are consumed with studying for your qualifying exam and you forget to respond to emails. Don’t fall victim to the over-used “I’m so busy” excuse. You will regret it. I don’t know of anybody who wants to be in or think about lab work 24/7. Making time for past friends and making an effort to reach out to new friends in graduate school will help you get through your toughest moments. I can’t emphasize enough how important it has been to have people – both in New Haven and elsewhere —– give me advice and help me take my mind off of work. PCRs will work or fail, but homies are forever.

I hope these tips help you maintain your sanity and sense of humor when you have one of those terrible, no good, very bad days. May the force be with you and may http:// whatshouldwecallgradschool.tumblr.com/ always be there for your amusement!

SAHELI SADANAND is a graduate student in the immunobiology department.

Contact her at saheli.sadanand@yale.edu .

Scientist talks nanodevices

BY DHRUV AGGARWAL STAFF REPORTER

[Energy-rich food] is thought to be responsible for several chronic diseases that stem from inflammation.

Dharmarajan, another member of the research team, said there are biological reasons to believe that torsemide may be more effective than furosemide. Torsemide is more “orally bioavailable,” he said, which means that it is more efficiently absorbed in the intestines. Torsemide also lasts longer in the body, so it has more time to aid the kidneys in relieving fluid build-up, he added.

With these distinctions in mind, Dharmarajan said he also hopes that in

Don’t underestimate the role of luck. I know that this will sound weird to scientists-in-training — and successful students and postdocs may deny its existence — but the hard truth is that luck (or perhaps its less inflammatory synonym “timing”) will play a significant role in your graduate school career. Some students have good timing, picking up a project whose experimental system has been well worked out. But

Study links hunger, autoimmune diseases Yale researchers have helped uncover the cellular mechanism that explains how changes in our diet may have led to increasing rates of autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis.

Using genetically modified mice, the researchers showed that altering hypothalamic neurons to simulate satiety increased inflammation of body tissue. The finding helps explain how immune system-triggered inflammation often occurs after eating and carries implications for developing new treatments for autoimmune disorders, said senior author and comparative medicine professor Tamas Horvath of the Yale School of Medicine. The paper was published online on March 25 in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

School of Medicine researchers have found that the most beneficial heart disease medication is not necessarily what doctors prescribe most often.

TIP #2:

Contact HANNAH SCHWARZ at hannah.schwarz@yale.edu .

BY DAN WEINER STAFF REPORTER

THOMAS HOOTEN/CREATIVE COMMONS

Choose a lab whose negative aspects you can best cope with. I can’t claim credit for this particular nugget — a very wise graduate student told me this while I was doing my lab rotations in my first year of graduate school. Every lab has negatives. You are not going to find some kind of scientific Eden and if you go in thinking that you have found that, you’re setting yourself up for disappointment. Some labs are more laid back, some labs are very well organized, some PIs are micromanagers and some PIs could care less if you rolled in every day after lunch. Additionally, labs also evolve with time; people and funding come and go and this affects the lab environment. While you can’t anticipate evolution, you can think long and hard about not just what you like about your prospective labs in their current forms, but also what you don’t like. You want to feel reasonably confident that the things you don’t like about the lab you eventually choose to join are not going to drive you insane a few years later.

many will not, and even with a fairly “straightforward” project, things will likely go wrong. Don’t get frustrated — this is typical. And as a corollary to this tip, remember that long hours are sadly not well correlated with a fast track to graduation. The green monster of jealousy that rises in you as you see one of your lab mates coasting out every day at 5 p.m. is neither warranted nor helpful to your psyche.

Everyone in graduate school works hard, but some people have projects that are less time consuming than others. Hard work does pay off, but not at the same rate for everyone.

Our group studies optomechanics — the interaction between light and mechanical vibrations. We designed optomechanical devices to study the relationship between light and mechanical vibration in a tiny region. We reduced the device geometry in this case to have a more localized region.

Generally, the free carriers in silicon vibrate, generating heat. The vibration excites electrons, which causes light to lose its intensity. We wanted to design a method that reduces this loss of light intensity.

did you do to maintain and QWhat improve the intensity of light?

A

We immersed the device in superfluid helium, which has low viscosity and density. It has a gas-like refractive index and will not reduce vibration. The thermal conductivity of this helium is

the highest of any substance ever known in the world. Below two Kelvin, the free carriers are “frozen” and do not reduce light intensity.

This hence allows you to increase interaction between light and mechanics, but at the same time not kill mechanical properties. We also found that the cavity photon number is 40,000 — an order of magnitude above the previous finding for this number. are the implications and QWhat applications of your findings?

A

Silicon nanocavities are used in telecommunications, laser systems, biochemical sensors and in quantum electrodynamics. All these devices need a strong interaction between light and matter.

We want to be able to have enough intensity with even a small amount of light. We did this experiment to improve the Optical Quality Factor.

The final goal is not just to enhance OQF, but also to increase the optical intensity in devices to get a stronger interaction between light and subjects.

organizations helped you QWhat in preparing and researching for this project?

A

We had been motivated by the relationship between light and mechanics and wanted to reduce the size of the region under investigation. We received funding from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency for this purpose.

Yale’s School of Engineering and Applied Science has a clean room that provides the environment to produce the devices involved in the research. Since the devices are toxic, the clean room helps to keep you healthy while in contact with these substances. In terms of fabrication [of devices], Yale is one of the best in the world.

Contact DHRUV AGGARWAL at dhruv.aggarwal@yale.edu .

PAGE 10

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 9, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

NATION

T

S NASDAQ 3,222.25, +0.57% S Oil $93.46, +0.11%

Conviction reversals criticized

BY LOLITA C. BALDOR ASSOCIATED PRESS WASHINGTON — Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel is recommending that military commanders be largely stripped of their ability to reverse criminal convictions of service members, a move that comes in response to a congressional uproar over an Air Force officer’s decision to overturn a guilty verdict in a sexual assault case, the Pentagon said Monday.

Hagel has asked his staff to draft legislation that would require that cases go through the U.S. Court of Military Appeals, and that senior officers no longer have the authority to set aside guilty findings, except in limited, minor offenses that ordinarily don’t warrant a court martial. The commanders, however, would retain their ability to participate in plea bargains and to reduce sentences, but they would have to defend the lesser sentence in writing.

In a written statement Monday, Hagel said that, if enacted by Congress, the changes “would help ensure that our military justice system works fairly, ensures due process and is accountable. These changes would increase the confidence of service members and the public that the military justice system will do justice in every case.”

The change requires congressional action, but lawmakers have already begun looking into the matter in response to a furor over a recent Air Force sexual assault case. Hagel said the new recommendations have the full support of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the service secretaries.

Lt. Gen. Craig Franklin, commander of the 3rd Air Force at Ramstein Air Base in Germany, overturned the conviction against Lt. Col. James Wilkerson, a former inspector general at Aviano Air Base in Italy.

Wilkerson had been found guilty last Nov. 2 of charges of abusive sexual contact, aggravated sexual assault and three instances of conduct unbecoming of an officer and a gentleman.

The incident had involved a civilian employee.

Dow Jones 14,613.48, +0.33%

S S&P 500 1,563.07, +0.63% T

10-yr. Bond 1.73%, +0.04

T Euro $1.31, -0.30%

Even in pro-gun states, bids to arm teachers stall

BY DAVID A. LIEB ASSOCIATED PRESS

MANUEL BALCE CENETA/ASSOCIATED PRESS

Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel answers questions at the National Defense University at Fort McNair.

Wilkerson was sentenced to a year in prison and dismissal from the service, but after a review of the case Franklin overturned the conviction.

His decision triggered outrage among senators and calls for a new look at the military justice system.

“This decision has turned the military on its ear,” said Sen. Claire McCaskill, D-Mo., during a hearing last month. She added that Franklin’s decision sets the Air Force “all the way back to Tailhook.” The 1991 Tailhook scandal rocked the military as Navy pilots were accused of sexually abusing female officers at a Las Vegas convention.

Hagel ordered a review of the issue, but he does not have the sole authority to either change the law or the reverse Franklin’s ruling.

On Monday, senior defense officials explained the change, saying that once their review of the matter began

it became quickly evident that no one was pushing back against the change.

They said that the authority to set aside convictions was more suitable years ago, but the military justice system now has additional checks and balances to assure fairness.

The officials who were involved in the review spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss the change publicly.

Senators heralded Hagel’s move, with McCaskill calling it a “big win for survivors of sexual assault” in the military. And the House Armed Services Committee promised to give the change serious consideration.

Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand, who heads the personnel panel on the Senate Armed Services Committee, said she and several colleagues are drafting a bill to address the problem and strengthen accountability in the military justice system.

JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. — When a gunman killed 26 children and staff at a Connecticut grade school, Missouri state Rep. Mike Kelley quickly proposed legislation that would allow trained teachers to carry hidden guns into the classroom as a “line of defense” against attackers.

Similar bills soon proliferated in Republican-led states as the National Rifle Association called for armed officers in every American school.

Yet less than four months later, the quest to put guns in schools has stalled in many traditionally gun-friendly states after encountering opposition from educators, reluctance from some governors and ambivalence from legislative leaders more focused on economic initiatives.

The loss of momentum highlights how difficult it can be to advance any gun legislation, whether to adopt greater restrictions or expand the rights to carry weapons.

Since the Dec. 14 shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn., legislators in at least four states — Connecticut, Colorado, Maryland and New York — have passed significant gun-control measures. The Newtown attack came less than five months after a gunman killed 12 people and injured 70 at a Colorado movie theater.

So far, South Dakota is the only state to respond with a new law allowing school personnel to carry guns into elementary and high schools. Similar legislation is awaiting the governor’s signature in Kansas. And Arkansas has enacted a new law allowing colleges to let staff with concealed gun permits bring their weapons on campus.

But Kelley has shelved legislation that would have let Missouri school staff carry firearms if they have concealed gun permits. His legislation never received a public hearing even though he is a House majority whip responsible for rallying Republican support for bills.

Kelley, an NRA member, tried to cast the bill’s demise in a positive light.

“It’s done the No. 1 thing that I wanted, and that’s to bring awareness to schools about some of their safety issues,” he said.

House Speaker Tim Jones vowed this past week that Missouri’s Republican supermajorities would still pass some sort of pro-gun measure this year. But it’s unlikely to involve arming teachers.

In Oklahoma, where pro-firearms measures usually get a warm reception from lawmakers, gun-rights advocates faced an uphill battle against educators opposed to any effort to allow guns in schools. A bill letting schools develop policies for arming trained employees died in the Senate Education Committee.

It’s very difficult to find educators and administrators that support the idea of putting arms in the schools.

STEVE MARTIN Chairman, Oklahoma House Public Safety Committee “As a rule, it’s very difficult to find educators and administrators that support the idea of putting arms in the schools, for whatever reason,” said Rep. Steve Martin, chairman of the Oklahoma House Public Safety Committee.

After opposition from education groups, the North Dakota Senate defeated a bill last month that would have let people with permits bring their weapons into schools. And the New Hampshire House rejected legislation that would have let local school districts seek voter approval for their personnel to carry guns.

“The chances an armed teacher will hit a child are high,” Dean Michener, of the New Hampshire School Boards Association, told lawmakers earlier this year.

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 9, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 11

WORLD Thatcher dies at 87

BY GREGORY KATZ AND ROBERT BARR ASSOCIATED PRESS LONDON — Love her or loathe her, one thing’s beyond dispute: Margaret Thatcher transformed Britain.

The Iron Lady, who ruled for 11 remarkable years, imposed her will on a fractious, rundown nation — breaking the unions, triumphing in a far-off war and selling off state industries at a record pace. She left behind a leaner government and more prosperous nation by the time a political mutiny ousted her from No. 10 Downing Street.

Thatcher’s spokesman, Tim Bell, said the former prime minister died from a stroke Monday morning at the Ritz hotel in London.

Margaret Thatcher undoubtedly was one of the most remarkable political figures of the modern world.

VLADIMIR PUTIN President, Russia As flags were flown at halfstaff at Buckingham Palace, Parliament and Downing Street for the 87-year-old, praise for Thatcher and her leadership poured in from around the world. “ M a rga re t T h a tc h e r undoubtedly was one of the most remarkable political figures of the modern world,” said Russian President Vladimir Putin.

Putin said Thatcher “made

a significant contribution to the development of the SovietBritish and Russian-British ties, which we will always remember with gratitude.”

President Barack Obama said many Americans “will never forget her standing shoulder to shoulder with President (Ronald) Reagan, reminding the world that we are not simply carried along by the currents of history. We can shape them with moral conviction, unyielding courage and iron will.”

Queen Elizabeth II authorized a ceremonial funeral — a step short of a state funeral — to be held for Thatcher at St. Paul’s Cathedral in London next week with military honors.

Prime Minister David Cameron cut short a trip to Madrid and Paris to return to Britain following news of Thatcher’s death, and said Parliament would be recalled from recess on Wednesday so lawmakers could pay tribute.

For admirers, Thatcher was a savior who rescued Britain from ruin and laid the groundwork for an extraordinary economic renaissance. For critics, she was a heartless tyrant who ushered in an era of greed that kicked the weak out onto the streets and let the rich become filthy rich.

“Let us not kid ourselves. She was a very divisive figure,” said Bernard Ingham, Thatcher’s press secretary for her entire term. “She was a real toughie.

She was a patriot with a great love for this country, and she raised the standing of Britain abroad.”

Thatcher was the first — and still only — female prime minister in Britain’s history. But she often found feminists tiresome.

“If you want something said, ask a man; if you want something done, ask a woman.”

MARGARET THATCHER BRITAIN’S FIRST FEMALE PRIME MINISTER

Japan nervous about N. Korea nukes

BY ERIC TALMADGE ASSOCIATED PRESS TOKYO — It’s easy to write off North Korea’s threats to strike the United States with a nuclear-tipped missile as bluster: it has never demonstrated the capability to deploy a missile that could reach the Pacific island of Guam, let alone the mainland U.S. But what about Japan?

Though it remains a highly unlikely scenario, Japanese officials have long feared that if North Korea ever decides to play its nuclear card it has not only the means but several potential motives for launching an attack on Tokyo or major U.S. military installations on Japan’s main island. And while a conventional missile attack is far more likely, Tokyo is taking North Korea’s nuclear rhetoric seriously.

On Monday, amid reports North Korea is preparing a missile launch or another nuclear test, Japanese officials said they have stepped up measures to ensure the nation’s safety. Japanese media reported over the weekend that the defense minister has put destroyers with missile interception systems on alert to shoot down any missile or missile debris that appears to be headed for Japanese territory.

“We are doing all we can to protect the safety of our nation,” said chief Cabinet spokesman Yoshihide Suga, though he and Ministry of Defense officials refused to confirm the reports about the naval alert, saying they do not want to “show

KCNA/ASSOCIATED PRESS

North Korea’s Unha-3 rocket lifts off from the Sohae launch pad in Tongchang-ri, North Korea. their cards” to North Korea.

North Korea, meanwhile, issued a new threat against Japan.

“We once again warn Japan against blindly toeing the U.S. policy,” said an editorial Monday in the Rodong Sinmun, the official newspaper of its ruling party.

“It will have to pay a dear price for its imprudent behavior.”

Following North Korea’s third nuclear test in February, Japanese experts have increasingly voiced concerns that North

Korea may already be able to hit — or at least target — U.S. bases and major population centers with nuclear warheads loaded onto its medium-range Rodong missiles.

“The threat level has jumped” following the nuclear test, said Narushige Michishita, a former Ministry of Defense official and director of the Security and International Studies Program at Tokyo’s National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies.

PAGE 12

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 9, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

AROUND THE IVIES

“That I survived the Holocaust and went on to love beautiful girls, to talk, to write, to have toast and tea and live my life — that is what is abnormal.” ELIE WIESEL AUTHOR OF “NIGHT” AND NOBEL LAUREATE

C O L U M B I A S P E C TAT O R

B R O W N D A I LY H E R A L D

Univ. Senate fails to meet quorum

Remembering the Holocaust

BY CECILIA REYES STAFF WRITER After months of buildup, the University Senate failed to vote Friday on a resolution that would ban smoking on much of the Morningside Heights campus, because too few senators attended the plenary to meet quorum.

The senate’s bylaws require the presence of at least half of its members for a quorum. Only 42 senators were present at Friday’s plenary, less than the 47 necessary to hold a vote.

“Something like this is quite rare, which is interesting because we had many people that were here at the beginning, from unions and such,” senator Justin Carter, said. “It’s surprising that it happened on a day that was so heavily publicized.”

The resolution, which would limit smoking to four designated areas on campus and 12 others directly surrounding campus, will likely be brought to a vote again at the senate’s May 3 plenary.

During the debate over the resolution on Friday, senator Mark Cohen — a Business School professor who has spent several years lobbying for a full smoking ban — proposed an amendment to eliminate the designated smoking areas described by the resolution.

He called the plan “impractical, unworkable, and ineffective.”

Eighteen senators voted for and 23 senators voted against Cohen’s resolution, with only one senator abstaining. It was following this vote that senator Richard Sun asked if there was a quorum.

D e s p i te a t te m p ts by O’Halloran to keep the process moving toward a final vote, another senator called for quorum

and was seconded. It quickly b e c a m e clear that fewer than half of the COLUMBIA senate’s 93 members — 15 of the 108 seats are currently vacant — were present. Robert’s Rules of Order, the parliamentary guidebook, states that once a call for a quorum fails, “no motion is in order, even by unanimous consent, except motions relating to the call.”

The vote on Cohen’s amendment was nullified, and the senate could only adjourn its meeting. Sun said he was told after the plenary that the senate is, in fact, allowed to conduct business as long as no one calls a quorum.

If he hadn’t brought up the lack of a quorum, then the resolution probably would have proceeded to a vote.

“I don’t think anybody expected anything like today,” Carter said. “I think we’ll all be happy to get it over with, whichever way it goes.”

Also at the plenary, University President Lee Bollinger invited questions from the audience, and he acknowledged the presence of approximately 30 yellow-clad Student-Worker Solidarity members.

Bollinger said he was under “stern and sharp restrictions” about what he could say about on-going negotiations with Faculty House workers. He limited himself to saying that the University has had “a wonderful success rate in reaching agreements that we think reflect our care for employees and our respect for unions.”

BRITTANY COMUNALE/BROWN DAILY HERALD

Brown University’s “Surviving the Unthinkable” event featured Holocaust survivors Steen Metz and Al Linder.

BY JILLIAN LANNEY STAFF WRITER “We have to rely on you to pass on the word to your friends, your colleagues, to the next generation to make sure we never forget the Holocaust,” Steen Metz, a Holocaust survivor, told audience members Sunday evening at “Surviving the Unthinkable,” an event organized by the Holocaust Initiative at Brown University.

Metz and fellow survivor Al Linder spoke to a crowded Salomon 001 about their personal experiences in concentration camps during World War II, highlighting the horrors many Jews, Roma, homosexuals and political dissidents endured under the Nazi regime. Both men were only children when they were taken from their homes and brought to camps.

Many students and community members attended the presentation, with some sitting in the aisles or standing in the back of the room. After Metz and Linder shared their stories, Professor Maud Mandel, associate professor of Judaic Studies, led a brief question and answer section before opening the floor to audience questions.

Benjamin Heller started HIBU as an official organization last fall, though this is the second year he has staged an event

highlighting the personal stories of Holocaust survivors. When Heller’s grandmother, Helen Shabas, came to Brown last spring to share her BROWN experience, Heller said he realized there was interest among students in learning more about the Holocaust from a personal perspective. According to a short film Heller screened at the beginning of the event, only 20 percent of Brown students he surveyed had heard a Holocaust survivor speak about his or her experience in person.

Linder spoke first about living in Bukovina, an area now divided between modern-day Romania and Ukraine, during World War II. In 1941, the fascist government of Romania instituted laws and restrictions for Jews, similar to the Nuremberg laws imposed on German Jews. “That is when our nightmare began,” he said.

Later in 1941, Linder’s maternal grandparents, as well as many other Jews in their community, were shot by their antiSemitic neighbors. Then, all remaining Jews in Bukovina were forced to move to

ghettos where over 70,000 people were packed into an area approximately eight blocks by six blocks, living in cramped quarters with multiple other families.

Linder and his family were sent to the Bershad concentration camp in Ukraine, where their lives only worsened. The camp was hit immediately with an epidemic of typhus that killed both his baby sister and his paternal grandparents.

Other diseases, starvation and execution accounted for the deaths of many more prisoners. Linder said he believed his parents survived because of the strength of their faith, adding that faith continues to be extremely important in his life today.

After living in the camp for years, Linder and his parents were finally able to escape in 1944 by following behind a large group of Russian soldiers marching by the camp.

Metz spoke next and shared a fairly different experience from Linder’s. Where he lived in Denmark, Jews were generally treated equally even during Nazi occupation. Though his father was Jewish, neither Metz nor his mother practiced Judaism. He said he lived a fairly normal life until 1943 when he and his family were arrested and transported in a cramped cattle car to Terezin concentration camp.

T H E D A I L Y P E N N S Y L VA N I A N

Penn conference evaluates future of MOOCs

BY SETH ZWEIFLER STAFF WRITER As Coursera co-founder Daphne Koller sat in a panel discussion at this weekend’s inaugural Coursera Partners’ Conference, she paused to take a look around the room.

Leading a talk in front of her about the global landscape of open learning was Menachem Ben-Sasson, the president of Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Sitting behind her listening was Edward Rock, the University of Pennsylvania’s director of open course initiatives and to her right was Ting-Chuen Pong, a professor at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.

Koller’s experience was a snapshot of one of the key take-

aways from this weekend’s conference — Co u rse ra h a s go n e truly global.

On FriPENN day and Saturday, Penn hosted hundreds of university professors and administrators from around the world in the largest international gathering yet to discuss the future of massive open online courses.

“For me, the main takeaway is just the incredible level of excitement and energy and transformation this has engendered in the higher education community,” Koller said. “It’s a tremendous opportunity to think about how to reshape the

ways in which we’re offering education to people around the globe.”

It’s a tremendous opportunity to think about how to reshape the ways in which we’re offering education to people around the globe.

DAPHNE KOLLER Co-founder, Coursera One of the highlights of the conference was the annual Silfen University Forum, which filled

Irvine Auditorium on Friday afternoon. During the forum, Penn President Amy Gutmann moderated a panel discussion on MOOCs and the future of higher education.

Each of the panelists agreed that, while Coursera has had a transformational effect on academia over the past year, the MOOC landscape is still largely in its nascent stages.

“If I were to compare this time in MOOC development to internet search, Alta Vista just got invented — Google hasn’t even arrived yet,” said New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman, one of the panelists. “This is still so early.”

Gutmann also noted that it will be years until the long-term impact of online education is known.

“When the textbook first came out years ago, many people were proclaiming the end of the in-class experience,” she said. “That couldn’t have been farther from the truth.”

In addition to Friedman, the Silfen Forum also featured Koller, Under Secretary of Education Martha Kanter and Chancellor of the University System of Maryland William Kirwan.

Kanter in particular piqued the audience’s interest when she speculated that, in less than a decade, top-tier research institutions could become threeyear schools because of the knowledge that students are able to acquire outside the classroom through Coursera.

The Silfen Forum came amidst other discussions at the two-day conference about

MOOCs — ranging from a talk on how to design visually appealing Coursera lectures to a panel about how to overcome language barriers when communicating to an international audience.

One of the distinct advantages of new technologies like MOOCs, attendees said in various panels throughout the conference, is their capacity to deliver instant feedback to instructors.

“It’s an amazing transformation from only being able to find out if students get the material after the midterm or final to being able to find out instantly,” said Nancy Zimpher, chancellor of the State University of New York. “It really does force us to step back and ask, ‘How well are we doing on our campuses, what can we improve upon?’”

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 9, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 13

SPORTS

PEOPLE IN THE NEWS SPIKE ALBRECHT The Michigan guard attended the same high school, Northfield Mount Hermon in Gill, Mass., as Yale guard Armani Cotton ’15.

Albrecht scored 17 points on 4–5 shooting from beyond the arc as the Wolverines fell to Louisville in the national championship game.

Bulldogs undefeated in spring

Elis clinch another victory SAILING FROM PAGE 14

CATHERINE FOSTER/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The lightweight crew team swept all four of the races it entered against MIT and Georgetown at the Elis’ home course on the Housatonic River on Saturday.

LIGHTWEIGHT CREW FROM PAGE 14 seriously challenged by the other teams, finishing in 6:42.1, 12 seconds ahead of MIT. Cameron Best ’13, the coxswain for the third varsity crew, said the team got off to a clean start and credited Scott Isaac ’14 with keeping the crew together through the race.

The Yale freshman eight followed up with an even more dominant victory, cruising to a 25 second win over the Hoyas. The freshmen finished their race in 5:50.5.

“It was a great race, one of the best we’ve had all season, if not the best,” Thomas Foster ’16 said.

The second varsity race presented the biggest challenge to the Yale crew.

The Engineers put pressure on Yale, keeping their boats almost even until the Bulldogs pulled slightly ahead near the race’s end and came away with the four-second victory.

The Yale varsity eight closed out the morning’s races with another strong performance, pulling ahead of MIT and Georgetown at the start and never giving up the lead. The Elis drove through the final kilometer at 38 strokes per minute, a significantly faster rate than that of the other boats.

Yale finished in 5:36.0, MIT in 5:45.2 and Georgetown in 6:11.8.

“We were able to develop a good

Garry finishes 2nd in 3000m

rhythm,” Tom Swartz ’13 said. “We’ve been well coached for these conditions.”

This week, Yale will prepare for back-to-back regattas on Saturday on Sunday. After racing Penn and Columbia in Philadelphia, they will travel to Ithaca to face Cornell the following day. Head coach Andrew Card said in an email that he is looking forward to the unique competitive atmosphere that comes with racing Ivy League opponents.

“Defeating an Ivy opponent does have some deep satisfaction, because these schools have been competing [in the sport] for far longer than the Ivy League has formally existed, so

to be a part of that long history is very rewarding,” he said.

Yale’s race against Penn will also be its first against Quaker assistant coach Colin Farrell, who coached Yale’s freshmen until last year.

Card said that he remained close with Farrell and that it would be an honor to race against the former Eli coach’s crews.

The Bulldogs won all three of their races against Penn and Columbia last year and took two out of three against Cornell.

in the unsteady breeze. Crews Heather May ’13, Marlena Fauer ’14, Will Feldman ’14, Eugenia Custo Greig ’14 and Katherine Gaumond ’15 all contributed to the team success.

The Bulldogs also sent boats to the Greater New York Dinghy Regatta hosted by Columbia, finishing eighth overall.

Farther south on the Charles River, the women’s team won the President’s Trophy by finishing first overall in both the A and B divisions. Each division featured 12 races against boats from each of the other 16 schools.

Skipper Claire Dennis ’13 and crew Charlotte Belling ’16 won the highly competitive A division, while Emily Billing ’13 and Amanda Salvesen ’14 won the B division, finishing first in 11 of their 12 races.

Facing conditions similar to those at Tufts, the women’s team adapted to shifty winds all weekend. Billing said that the team is getting used to changing its strategy after sailing in relatively unstable conditions all season.

“Most weekends have prepared us for the shifty and puffy conditions like we saw this weekend,” she said.

Following their victories this weekend, both the women’s and coed teams now begin the process of qualifying for ICSA National Championships. Dennis said that despite their strong No. 1 national ranking, the Bulldogs aren’t taking qualification lightly.

“We are not guaranteed a spot at nationals because of our ranking, so we are not taking anything for granted and just continuing to work on our individual goals,” she said.

The women’s first step towards nationals will be placing in the top seven at the New England Inter-Collegiate Sailing Association Women’s Dinghy Championships hosted by Tufts in two weeks. The coed team will travel to Brown the same weekend to sail in the New England Dinghy Championship.

The women’s team travels to New London, Conn., next weekend for its last regatta of the season.

Contact JOSH MANDELL at joshua.mandell@yale.edu .

Contact NIKOLAS LASKARIS at nikolas.laskaris@yale.edu .

Hockey prepared for Pittsburgh

TRACK FROM PAGE 14 nell ’16 and Kelsey Lin ’14, nabbed a top-five finish for the Elis. The squad placed fourth in the event with a time of 3:53.70, while firstplace finisher St. John’s set a meet record in 3:45.40. The women’s team’s second topfive finish came by way of Emily Urciuoli ’14, who placed fourth in pole vault with a height of 3.40m.

Garry’s run in the 3000m represented the highest finish of the day for both the men’s and women’s teams. The sophomore finished the race in 9:53.84, just over six seconds slower than first-place finisher Vanessa Wright of Rowan and almost 10 seconds faster than any other competitor.

“I thought that the team’s performance was a good indicator of what’s to come of the season,” Garry said.

On the men’s side, the team’s only topfive finish came in the longest distance event of the meet. Kevin Dooney ’16, who placed 24th in the 10000m at the Junior World Track and Field Championships last year, competed in Division I of the event this weekend. The Dublin native covered the distance in 29:55.91, good for fifth at the meet and for Yale’s fifth-fastest time ever in the event.

While the men’s team did not post any other top-five finishes, it showed well in several other events. The Elis placed four runners in the top 11 of the Division I 1500m, led by James Shirvell ’14 and John McGowen ’15 in sixth and seventh, respectively.

Shirvell finished less than a second and a half off the time of the event’s winner. Sam Kirtner ’13 and Tim Hillas ’13 also finished well for the Elis, placing ninth and eleventh, respectively.

“We actually ran kind of slow, but we closed pretty well,” Shirvell said. He added that the race indicated that the team could perform well in more tactical environments, such as Ivy League Championships in May. The Elis will continue their season this coming Saturday at home in a dual meet against Harvard.

Contact ALEX EPPLER at alexander.eppler@yale.edu .

ZOE GORMAN/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

Members of the hockey team said that they were unfazed by the media attention surrounding their trip to the Frozen Four.

MEN’S HOCKEY FROM PAGE 14 rest your legs and refocus,” he said.

“It was an exciting weekend, but a little layover will give you time to get your mindset ready for next weekend.”

Yale head coach Keith Allain ’80, who was nominated last week for national coach of the year honors, noted his team’s past success after extended breaks. The team swept WCHA heavyweights Denver and Colorado College in November after a 13-day pause, and the Elis blew past St. Lawrence by a combined 9–1 margin over two games in the ECAC quarterfinals after a weeklong bye

during the first round of the conference playoffs.

“We thought we came out pretty well against St. Lawrence,” Allain said. “We’re trying to mimic that week [off] as closely as possible.”

But one unique aspect of this layoff is a media frenzy that has not let up since the Bulldogs clinched their Frozen Four bid. Defenseman Rob O’Gara ’16, a Boston Bruins draft pick, and forward Kenny Agostino ’14, whose draft rights were traded from the Penguins to the Calgary Flames before the NCAA tournament began, both said they had received congratulatory messages from their respective NHL organi-

zations.

During a Thursday press conference at Ingalls Rink attended by the Connecticut and college hockey press corps, Allain said he appreciates the media attention but is mostly just happy to be with his team.

“What I’m basking in is [that] I love being around this group,” he said. “This is a group that gives me energy, and to have the opportunity to come to the rink with them every day for two more weeks … I’m basking in that for sure.”

Miller added that the team would take a moment to appreciate its accomplishments but would remain

focused on the task ahead.

“It’s an honor to be in Pittsburgh.

It’s an honor to look back at the work you’ve done this season to get there,” he said. “But we’re not there to be happy and jolly and bask in the limelight. We’re there to win games.”

The West Regional champions will practice Wednesday at 11 a.m. on the CONSOL Energy Center ice before facing the media at a 12:35 p.m. press conference. The team faces off against the UMass-Lowell River Hawks on Thursday at 4:30 p.m. in the first national semifinal.

Contact EVAN FRONDORF at evan.frondorf@yale.edu .

IF YOU MISSED IT SCORES

NCAAB Louisville 82 Michigan 76

MLB N.Y. Yankees 11 Cleveland 6

SPORTS QUICK HITS

COLIN FLAHERTY ’15 BULLDOG EARNS IVY AWARD The men’s lacrosse midfielder was named co-Ivy League Player of the Week alongside Cornell midfielder Steve Mock after scoring three straight fourth-quarter goals to push Yale past Dartmouth on Saturday. The sophomore has 10 goals so far this season.

MLB Boston 3 Baltimore 1

y

MLB Cincinnati 13 Saint Louis 4

EPL Man City 2 Man Utd 1

FOR MORE SPORTS CONTENT, VISIT OUR WEB SITE yaledailynews.com/sports

NICOLE DANIGGELIS ’16 ELI NAMED TO IVY HONOR ROLL The midfielder was named to the women’s lacrosse Ivy League Honor Roll for her performance against Princeton on Saturday. Daniggelis recorded four goals and an assist, although the Bulldogs ultimately fell to the Tigers 4–1.

“We’re not there to be happy and jolly and bask in the limelight.

We’re there to win.”

ANDREW MILLER ’13 CAPTAIN, MEN’S HOCKEY YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 9, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

Bulldogs ready to go

Yale breezes past MIT

MEN’S HOCKEY

BY JOSH MANDELL CONTRIBUTING REPORTER The lightweight crew team swept its opponents again this weekend, beating the MIT and Georgetown crews at a home regatta on the Housatonic River Saturday morning.

LIGHTWEIGHT CREW

semifinals in his first year of college hockey and that he just hopes they can continue their success all the way through the championship game.

The senior leadership, including captain Andrew Miller ’13, has instead focused on the positives of the break in advance of the national semifinal.

“It’s nice to get a few days off to

The Bulldogs were unfazed by breezy conditions that forced them to adapt to a powerful tailwind. With its victory over MIT, Yale maintained its iron grip on the Joy Cup, awarded to the winner of the annual MIT/Yale race, which Yale has held since 1979.

“I thought all boats did a good job of handling the rough, windy conditions,” captain William Ferraro ’13 said in an email.

The rowers raced in a bitter windchill that forced their parents and friends to don heavy winter gear on the spectator boat that followed them. While he acknowledged the cold conditions, Matt Segal ’16 said that the thrill of racing made the wind easy to ignore.

“Once you start, the adrenaline kicks in and you don’t notice a thing,” he said.

The regatta began with a race between freshman fours from Georgetown and MIT, which the Engineers won handily. The third varsity four was the first boat to compete for the Bulldogs in the next race of the day. Yale’s four pulled away after 500 meters and was never

SEE MEN’S HOCKEY PAGE 13

SEE LIGHTWEIGHT CREW PAGE 13

ZOE GORMAN/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

The men’s hockey team is flying to Pittsburgh in advance of Thursday afternoon’s NCAA semifinal game against UMass-Lowell.

BY EVAN FRONDORF CONTRIBUTING REPORTER For a number of eager Bulldogs, the time has finally come. More than a week after Yale’s dramatic wins over Minnesota and North Dakota, the men’s hockey team is leaving today for Pittsburgh, the site of the 2013 NCAA Men’s Frozen Four.

The team will depart campus around 4 p.m. for a 7 p.m. flight to

Pennsylvania, where the team will have a night to get settled in downtown Pittsburgh before a series of practices and press conferences Wednesday morning at the CONSOL Energy Center, home of the NHL’s Pittsburgh Penguins. The 10-day gap in between the NCAA West Regional in Grand Rapids and the trip to Pittsburgh has been excruciating for some.

“Obviously [it’s] tough to focus on school,” said Nico Weberg ’15,

who is out for the rest of the season with an injury but will still travel with the team to the Frozen Four. “I think a lot of guys just can’t wait to leave. I don’t know what to tell you, but school has kind of been … out of the question lately.”

Freshmen who have known nothing but unprecedented success echoed the sentiment.

Carson Cooper ’16 said that it was an unbelievable experience to make it all the way to the national

Track and field settles in for long haul

Despite wind, Elis cruise to victory

BY NIKOLAS LASKARIS CONTRIBUTING REPORTER For the second consecutive weekend, unpredictable wind created complicated racing conditions for both the coed and women’s sailing teams, and for the second consecutive weekend, both teams sailed to victory despite the inclement weather.

SAILING

MARIA ZEPEDA/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR

After last weekend’s Sam Howell Invitational, the Bulldogs will compete against Harvard at home on Saturday.

BY ALEX EPPLER STAFF REPORTER After taking a week off from competition, the men’s and women’s track and field teams restarted their seasons this weekend at the Sam Howell Invitational. The meet kicked off the stretch run in the Elis’ season, during which the teams will compete every week until ECAC championships in the middle of May.

TRACK AND FIELD While the two-day meet, held at

Princeton’s Weaver Stadium on Friday and Saturday, was unscored, the Elis recorded several impressive performances from athletes on both the men’s and women’s teams. The women’s team posted three top-five finishes, including Kira Garry’s ’15 second-place finish in the 3000m. While the men’s squad placed in the top five only once, the team competed well in several distance events.

The Bulldog women’s 4x400m relay team, composed of Emily Cable ’15, Jenna Poggi ’13, Shannon McDonSEE TRACK PAGE 13

At Boston, the No. 1 nationally ranked coed team finished first overall at the Marchiando and Friis Trophies, co-hosted by MIT and Tufts on Mystic Lake. A few miles south on the Charles River, the No. 1 women’s team also sailed to a comfortable victory over the other 16 schools competing for the President’s Trophy, hosted by Boston University.

When the coed team arrived on Saturday, high winds and low temperatures led to a temporary postponement in racing until conditions became sailable. Even when the regatta resumed later in the day, winds continued to shift between 10 and 25 knots from the northwest.

Racing in a double round-robin format against six other schools, the Bulldogs lost only one race to Brown as they finished the day with an 11-1 overall record, good enough to advance to the gold round on Sunday at MIT. In a similar double round-robin format, Sunday’s racing pinned the Elis against the gold round qualifying teams that had not sailed at Tufts on Saturday: Boston College, Stanford, Harvard and the University of Vermont. Once again, the Bulldogs only lost one round-robin race, to Stanford. In the final four roundrobin, Yale needed only one race win

TOP ’DOGS LIGHTWEIGHT CREW

ZEENAT MANSOOR/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

The No. 1 coed sailing team finished first overall at the Friis and Marchiando Trophies on Sunday. to clinch victory at the regatta, and they did so immediately, beating Stanford in the first race of the final four.

Head coach Zachary Leonard ’89 attributed the unstable conditions the previous weekend at Connecticut College to the team’s exceptional performance at Tufts.

“Although we always have more to

improve on in practice, we are getting stronger in those conditions with time,” he said.

The coed skippers Cameron Cullman ’13, captain Chris Segerblom ’14 and Graham Landy ’15 paired with various crews throughout the weekend for optimal weight combinations SEE SAILING PAGE 13

THE TEAM CLINCHED THE JOY CUP FOR THE 34TH STRAIGHT YEAR OVER THE WEEKEND ON THE HOUSATONIC RIVER. The Bulldogs won all four races against Georgetown and MIT, retaining the title.