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NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT · THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2014 · VOL. CXXXVII, NO. 11 · yaledailynews.com

INSIDE THE NEWS MORNING EVENING

CLOUDY CLOUDY

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CROSS CAMPUS

PHOTOGRAMMAR DEPRESSION IMAGES DIGITIZED

EDUCATION

INNOVATION

BTWA charter school to open doors ahead of schedule

CBIT UNITES ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

PAGE 3 UNIVERSITY

PAGE 3 CITY

PAGE 3 SCI-TECH

Tap Night hits high note

Whatever. Business Insider

released a piece on Wednesday titled “19 Incredibly Impressive Students At Harvard.” It is not worth summarizing.

James Franco isn’t the only Hollywood big shot on campus. Director Neil Burger ’85 returned to campus yesterday for lunch with students in Calhoun College and a Master’s Tea. His filmography includes directing “The Illusionist,” “Limitless” and “Divergent.”

Burger originally graduated from Yale with a degree in fine arts and explored experimental filmmaking directly after Yale.

Abbey Road. In an effort

to curb the excessive jaywalking around campus, the University has instituted a new awareness campaign that features administrators posing in an Abbey Road homage. Police Chief Ronnell Higgins (George), University President Peter Salovey (Paul), Professor Kirsten Bechtel (Ringo) and Provost Ben Polak (John) are depicted in a series of new signs crossing the road in the style of the Beatles’ album cover. “Please Use the Crosswalk,” the poster reads.

Now it is only a matter of time before their bluegrass Beatles covers album hits the stands…

World Domination. As expected, the Yale Corporation is slowly taking over the world.

Gina Raimondo LAW ’98, who was elected to the Yale Corporation by alumni this summer, won Rhode Island’s democratic gubernatorial nomination Tuesday.

Fat fest. At Ordinary’s Cocktail Lab last night, drinkers were treated to a “Fat Manhattan” made from fat washed Johnny Drum Bourbon, Meletti Amaro and Aztec bitters served with a salt, pepper, sugar and salemme rim. For those in search of a coma, the drink was paired with a pulled pork dish featuring bourbon bacon fat and a fried local egg.

Beyond Yale Dining. The best

tell of fall, better than the leaves changing color, is the debut of Union League Cafe’s fall menu. The restaurant announced their first fall dish this week — a pan-seared chatham cod with parsley root brandade, garlic confit and sea beans.

THIS DAY IN YALE HISTORY

1967 Ronald Reagan announces intentions to visit Timothy Dwight College.

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Connecticut considers allowing early voting PAGE 5 CITY

New course system causes chaos

BY MATTHEW LLOYD-THOMAS AND YUVAL BEN-DAVID STAFF REPORTERS

Knuffle Beinecke. The

Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library is acquiring the papers of Mo Willems, a beloved author and illustrator of children’s books. Willem’s creations include Knuffle Bunny, the irascible Pigeon and Elephant and Piggie. The library will now own a number of Willem’s sketches, notebooks and book drafts.

POLITICS

LARRY MILSTEIN/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Two weeks of auditions, callbacks and rush meals for a cappella groups ended last night with Tap Night.

BY LARRY MILSTEIN STAFF REPORTER Last night, hundreds of students gathered on Old Campus to join one of Yale’s oldest traditions.

Yale’s a cappella rush process — a roughly two-week period of auditions, callbacks and rush meals for 13 of Yale’s registered undergraduate a cappella groups — formally ended at High Street Gate last night. After students gathered at

10 p.m. to hear performances from the senior groups of Whiffenpoofs and Whim ’n Rhythm, Dean of Student Affairs Marichal Gentry signaled the official start of Tap Night through the ritual dropping of a broom. Once the gates to Old Campus were opened, Tap Night, one of Yale’s longest-running traditions, commenced as various singing groups went door-to-door to induct their newest members.

Students dressed in masks, capes

Gender gap in city politics persists

BY ISAAC STANLEY-BECKER STAFF REPORTER Twenty-two years ago, a local lawmaker and graduate of the Yale School of Architecture ran for the Connecticut state senate in New Haven, seeking to unseat an incumbent whose roots in the district were as deep as his political resume was long.

The incumbent was a native of the Elm City, a longtime alder and a board member of the Greater New Haven NAACP — and a man. The challenger, Toni Harp, faced an uphill battle, made steeper by what she now recalls as overtly sexist attacks on her candidacy.

There were men at some of the polling places with bull horns saying ‘you don’t want to have a woman represent you.’

TONI HARP Mayor, New Haven “When I first ran for the senate seat, there were men at some of the polling places with bull horns saying ‘you don’t want to have a woman represent you; she won’t do a good job because men won’t listen to her,’” Harp said last week.

She went on to win that seat, and held it for 21 years, ultimately controlling Connecticut’s purse strings as co-chair of the appropriations commit-

tee. When she ran for mayor of New Haven last fall, she bested six men to win the office, overcoming “some who doubted a woman could be a good mayor,” she said.

Harp is New Haven’s firstever female mayor. But the city she leads is still largely run by men.

Of the roughly 1,300 fulltime city employees included in biennial human resources reports, more than 70 percent of them are men, according to the most recent reports analyzed by the News. The gap has scarcely changed in half a decade.

This imbalance puts the city’s workforce out of sync with the demographics of the labor market, the city acknowledges in the reports, which are filed every two years with the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. As justification, human resources officials cite difficulty recruiting female public safety personnel.

The disparity is most acute in the fire department, where fewer than 10 female firefighters serve alongside several hundred men, Harp said.

Allyn Wright, the city’s new fire chief — whom Harp appointed this spring — said more should be done to educate the public about the accessibility of public safety jobs. One day, he said, he would like to see a woman assume his role as chief.

When it comes to top managers and officials, data shows that the city has in fact made some strides. In 2009, men SEE DIVERSITY PAGE 6

and some wearing no shirts at all, sprinted through the crisscrossed paths of Old Campus to select their new members from the nearly 250 students who rushed a cappella this year. There was plenty of cheering outside of freshman dorms, highfives and hugs exchanged, and of course, plenty of singing.

“A cappella itself is such a huge part of the Yale experience,” Sing-

New software systems are never simple.

Over the course of last spring and this past summer, a new system for constructing Yale College’s course catalog caused severe headaches for academic administrators. The difficulties caused by the new system, CourseLeaf, were substantial enough that undergraduate registrars and directors of undergraduate studies across several departments are still fuming about the matter.

“I could not imagine a worse rollout of a new system,” said one undergraduate registrar, who spoke on the condition of anonymity for fear of jeopardizing their job.

In light of the problems, department registrars interviewed criticized University Registrar Gabriel Olszewski for not testing the system on a smaller scale before implementing it across Yale College and for failing to communicate effectively about the problems.

A MORE MODERN SYSTEM

Olszewski said the University’s primary interest in adopting CourseLeaf was to improve the user experience of the online Bluebook. While the old online Bluebook was “pretty primitive,” not mobile-friendly and with poor search capabilities, the CourseLeaf CAT module will substantially

SEE TAP NIGHT PAGE4

SEE OCS PAGE 4

YCC sees influx of interest

KAREN YANG/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The Yale College Council saw unprecedented attendance at its first meeting, with over 60 total members.

BY WESLEY YIIN STAFF REPORTER The turnout for last week’s Yale College Council meeting — the first of the academic year — was unprecedented and unexpected.

Roughly 35 non-Council members were present at the meeting, in addition to 29 Council members, which includes two elected representatives from each residential college and 10 executive board members. The meeting focused on official YCC business such as approval of its budget, confirmation of six new appointments and the drafting of plans for the upcoming year.

“There is no limit to what we’re capable of,” YCC presi-

dent Michael Herbert ’16 told the audience of 60.

Freshmen … had a lot of energy. They were really excited to help.

MICHAEL HERBERT ’16 President, Yale College Council Changes within the YCC’s election structure may have brought about the large turnout and enthusiasm, according to YCC Vice President Maia Eliscovich Sigal ’16.

YCC implemented a slew of changes throughout the last academic year, some of

which are coming into play this semester. The new YCC constitution, ratified last semester, moved up elections for council representatives from September to April. This modification has had a wide range of positive effects on Council efficiency, according to Eliscovich Sigal and Herbert.

Work on certain projects this year began much earlier, with some representatives taking on initiatives over the summer — though only a handful of projects were assigned. Herbert explained that it would be difficult and unfair to expect representatives, who were studying, working and living all over the globe this summer, to comSEE YCC PAGE 6

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YALE DAILY NEWS · THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

OPINION

.COMMENT “If Israel is to be saved from itself, more of us must do the same.” yaledailynews.com/opinion

GUEST COLUMNIST RICH LIZARDO

Why Hirsi Ali should come J

ust under three weeks ago, President Salovey delivered his freshmen address on free expression at Yale. He quoted extensively from the Woodward Report, a document whose language he called “clear and unambiguous” in its defense of free speech, and he made the case for why “unfettered expression is so essential on a university campus.”

Our community now faces an opportunity to put these ideals into practice. The Buckley Program, an undergraduate group on campus, recently invited Ayaan Hirsi Ali to give a lecture next week. An accomplished and courageous woman, Hirsi Ali has an amazing story. She suffered genital mutilation as a child and later fled to the Netherlands to escape an arranged marriage. These are beyond mere “unfortunate circumstances,” as some organizations have called it. Once in the Netherlands, she worked at a refugee center, became a politician, fought for human dignity and women’s rights and ultimately abandoned her Muslim faith.

In her works since then, she has voiced strong opinions against Islam, opinions which have provoked constant threats on her life ever since.

As the president of the William F. Buckley, Jr. Program, here is my understanding of the controversy that then unfolded: When news of the upcoming September 15 lecture became public, a student representative of the Muslim Students Association (MSA) contacted me and asked to meet.

During our first conversation, she requested that the Buckley Program disinvite Hirsi Ali. I told her such an option — which she now denies to me and university administrators having presented — was a non-starter.

I distinctly remember that this student then asked if my group would consider either prohibiting Hirsi Ali from speaking on Islam or inviting another speaker to join — someone who would supposedly be more representative and qualified to discuss the subject. She told me certain national organizations, which I expected to be opposed to Hirsi Ali's invitation, were interested in her visit to Yale. I took this to mean these organizations might drum up a controversy about Hirsi Ali's visit. And she expressed support for the Brandeis University administration, which revoked an honorary degree from Hirsi Ali this past spring. This, of course, was precisely one of the incidents of censorship that President Salovey alluded to in his address.

This student, the MSA, and a little over thirty other organizations signed an open letter — with its fair share of cherrypicked quotes and mischaracterizations — that was sent yesterday in a school-wide email. But these students fail to understand the purpose of the University and the meaning and necessity of free speech within it.

The idea that free speech extends to only those with whom

one agrees is close-minded. The idea that inviting an additional speaker is necessary in order to supposedly advance free speech, but really just to correct our own lecturer’s views, is ridiculous.

The idea that a fellow undergraduate organization can dictate to another how to run its own event is shameless. And the idea that only so-called “experts” merit invitations is absurd. (After all, I don’t remember anyone fretting over Al Sharpton’s invitation to speak on the death penalty last week despite his lack of a criminal-law degree.)

These standards and requests are unjust not simply because some students were seeking to unevenly impose them, but more importantly because they are antithetical to the pursuit of knowledge that defines a university like Yale. Such a pursuit requires a robust protection of the right to freely express one’s views, however controversial.

One need not agree with everything Ayaan Hirsi Ali says to agree that her voice makes a valuable contribution to advancing the open exchange of ideas on this campus. In his address, President Salovey declared, “We should not offend merely to offend. We should not provoke without careful forethought.”

If one actually examines Hirsi Ali’s work, one sees that she does present well-reasoned arguments, even if disagreeable, and that she doesn’t provoke merely to provoke, which should be evident by the many death threats she has received throughout the years.

Her work does not qualify as “libel and slander,” as was suggested by the open letter, and it cannot be reduced to purported “hate speech,” a slur used simply to silence speech with which one disagrees. A sincere observer will readily find that Hirsi Ali is far from the inflammatory demagogue the MSA portrays her as.

Instead, that observer will find that she is a brave woman deeply committed to fighting for the respect and dignity of millions of oppressed women around the world.

The MSA’s insistence throughout the past week that we cancel or change the format of our event strays far from the ideals of free expression so eloquently defended by President Salovey and so essential to our university. If the MSA or another student organization would like to invite another guest of their own, the Buckley Program will not stop them. But we hope that if anyone from the Yale community attempts to disrupt our event, the administration will stand behind its stated commitment that students be allowed, and indeed encouraged, “to think the unthinkable, discuss the unmentionable and challenge the unchallengeable.”

JCVPNEW' ON ' AMIDST CONTROVERSY, UNIVERSITY REVEREND RESIGNS'

Risk, reward and protest A

ctivism at Yale College is dead. Well, I should say activism that works outside the system is dead.

It is tempting to form expectations about the possibilities of radical activism by looking to the student movements of the 1960s and 1970s. Doing so, however, would be unwise: One should never draw standards based on a cultural or political high-water mark.

But even as recently as the 1980s we saw a fervor that is now gone. Consider the 1986 shantytowns erected on Beinecke Plaza to express solidarity with the squatter communities of apartheid South Africa.

Yale responded by removing and demolishing the shantytowns and arresting 78 students for criminal trespass. We don’t even have to look past this century — we can point to the 16-day campout on Beinecke Plaza in 2000, staged by Students Against Sweatshops to call for a university-wide ethical licensing policy.

Regardless of how hard students try, it seems that the capacity to inspire outrage on campus and channel it into productive, non-institutionalized activism is gone. The problem is not that we are less creative than our predecessors, but rather that we are less willing to use Yale and its prestige to advance our own causes. We’re reluctant to work

KYLE TRAMONTE Green on the Vine

outside the system and push for justice.

While institutions like Dwight Hall formerly served as incubators for activist efforts, they now channel theirv energy predominantly into community

service work.

So what happened?

When I think of Yale’s activist heyday, individuals like William Sloane Coffin Jr. ‘49 DIV ‘56, the late Yale Chaplain, come to mind. His willingness to push against the Yale administration from within very much colored the campus activist culture of the period. He wasn’t satisfied with simply speaking his own mind to his colleagues behind closed doors; he leveraged the power of the student body to challenge the status quo.

He traveled to the South to fight for civil rights, held rallies on campus to encourage students to fight the draft and fought for LGBT rights long before it was popular. He could always get students to show up when he needed them to.

But in Coffin’s time, Yale’s student body was remarkably

homogenous. This is true if not with regard to ideology, certainly with regard to race, class and religion. Sloane was speaking to and leading a student body that mirrored him.

Leaders rarely match all the views and ideologies of their constituents.

Rather, their strength comes from an ability to synthesize the views of a large subset of the population and compel them to act. Leading and mobilizing a crowd of students that looks like you, talks like you and (mostly) thinks like you is fairly easy. It’s much more difficult to inspire students on a campus as diverse as Yale College in 2014.

Risk aversion — a defining characteristic of the millennial generation — has a tight grip on how far we are willing to fight for what we believe in. While we may take risks with respect to our health, we are risk-averse with respect to our financial wellbeing, career prospects and future. The preservation of comfort weighs heavily on the minds of many. The results are seen not only in our career choices, as many have noted, but also in our unwillingness to publicly voice our opinions on issues unrelated to our future career goals. There is no need to even think about taking action that might jeopardize this idealized future of comfort.

Can you imagine any cause

students on this campus purportedly care about enough for 78 of our peers to be arrested for it? The answer is most certainly no. There is a small minority of student activists, particularly those associated with Fossil Free Yale, who have proved willing to invest significant time and risk in their activities. However, even they have focused primarily on working with the Yale administration — with little success resulting.

Radical activism may be difficult in an age of risk aversion, particularly when few threads seem to tie together the disparate demographics on our campus.

But that doesn’t justify inaction.

I admittedly spent the majority of my time here trying to lobby the administration through formal channels like the Yale College Council. And I’m not saying we should break down the door of Woodbridge Hall every time we spot an injustice. But let’s learn a lesson from the past.

Sometimes, the most effective ways to enact change or bring awareness are not the ones with clear operating procedures. They are not the Dwight Hall Service Days or lengthy Facebook statuses. But ask yourself: Are our causes worth the risk?

KYLE TRAMONTE is a senior in Saybrook College. His columns run on Thursdays. Contact him at kyle.tramonte@yale.edu.

GUEST COLUMNIST VINCENT TOLENTINO

Notice of tree removal

RICH LIZARDO is a senior in Jonathan Edwards College. He is the president of the William F. Buckley, Jr. Program. Contact him at richard.lizardo@yale.edu .

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COPYRIGHT 2014 — VOL. CXXXVII, NO. 11

ANNELISA LEINBACH/ILLUSTRATIONS EDITOR

T

he object of this is to report a loss, in progress.

When a class graduates, a quarter of the population vanishes. For members of the graduated class who stay into the new academic year, the effect is strange. The street is full, at once, of unfamiliar faces. What had become a village over four years becomes what it is — a downtown district of a small city, a campus overrun for part of the year. A new class comes in, replaces the old class. The University, which is something beyond us, rolls on.

Even administrators and staff, faculty, trustees, chairs, dominions, what have you, peer in for a while, do their work and in more stately rhythm take their leave.

There is no permanent living authority to oversee this passage of time. Nothing even to attest to it. The University. “Yale,” it’s called, because of a donor. Yale, because it’s here in this city, in

these buildings. Yale, because of a mascot, a color, a yearly tradition or two.

To what is it all fixed? Three centuries have passed. Connecticut Hall remains. In three more centuries, barring apocalypse, Harkness will remain along with Woolsey, Sterling and whatever else. Stone is the material of choice. We prize it for its permanence. Take the Woolsey War Memorial, full of supple marble. It’s guarded by heavy doors and warmly lit at all hours. Take its ceiling vault of Mediterranean blue. In decades, should you visit, this will be exactly as it was. The whisper-soft sacrarium in the center of the palm. If any place could mean Yale, for its endurance and memory, its watchfulness over the human current, this could be it.

Sometime over the summer — in August? in July? — with no fanfare or protest, Yale removed

a tree from Cross Campus. For beautification, for disease, for sightlines to Sterling (to speak of fanfare), for whatever reason.

Who’s to say what kind of tree it was? Now it’s a stump. A roundish organic thing the size of a coffee table, barely visible above the grass. If you like, you can crouch beside it and count, with a finger, the fifty-odd rings of its existence. You can stand atop it and, gazing heavenward, taste the fifty-odd years of a unique former life. A place with its own colors and yearly traditions.

As of last Thursday this was true, the stump was there. I walked past on Friday to find a large hole covered with particleboard, cordoned off with caution tape. I walked past on Saturday to find — a new tree. A young elm, 20 or 30 feet tall. Its leaves are turning prematurely.

The speed of all this should be more disturbing.

The State of Connecticut requires that a paper notice be posted on a tree before its removal. Concerned citizens are given ten days to report their objections in writing. If even one letter is received, a public hearing must be scheduled. Perhaps a notice wasn’t required because the tree was on Yale’s property.

Perhaps a notice did go up, but since it was summer and Cross Campus was full of high school students and tourists, no one bothered. Perhaps this was savvy planning. Some would call it a low trick. But each year, a quarter of the people who might have cared anyway disappears. And each year afterward, a quarter more. Trees come out. New trees are planted. The University, insensate, rolls on.

VINCENT TOLENTINO is a senior in Pierson College. Contact him at vincent.tolentino@yale.edu.

YALE DAILY NEWS · THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 3

NEWS

“Innovation is taking two things that already exist and putting them together in a new way.”

TOM FRESTON ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY EXECUTIVE

Biomed innovation center to launch

CORRECTIONS WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 10

The article “Evans talks Nordic Food Lab” misattributed a quotation to an individual not interviewed for the story.

BY JENNIFER GERSTEN AND HANNAH SCHWARZ STAFF REPORTERS

Yalies create interactive photo collection

YALE

The website, which helps the public connect with important pieces of visual history, has had 75,000 hits to date.

BY HANNAH YANG CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Created by a team at Yale, a new website called Photogrammar has made thousands of iconic images from the Great Depression and World War II more accessible to the public.

The project took a digitized collection of 170,000 Library of Congress photographs originally commissioned by the Farm Security Administration and the Office of War Information — including works by Walker Evans, Dorathea Lange and Arthur Rothstein — and sorted them by county before mapping them geographically on an interactive website. In recent weeks, the project was featured by national media outlets such as the Atlantic and the National Public Radio, leading Photogrammar to amass a total of 75,000 hits and counting.

Project co-directors Lauren Tilton GRD ’16 and Taylor Arnold GRD ’13 said they hope Photogrammar’s user-friendly interface will help connect the public with important pieces of visual history.

The Photogrammar team is giving the public a way to rethink the data from amazing new angles.

DAVID GARY Kaplanoff Librarian for American History “Digital humanities is essential for history right now,” said David Gary, Yale’s American history librarian, who was not involved in the project. “With the existing data set from the Library of Congress, there was no way to easily search for photos or to take a bird’s eye view.

Essentially, the Photogrammar team is giving the public a way to rethink the data from amazing new angles.”

The project emerged when Tilton, who was doing research for her master’s concentration in public humanities, found herself frustrated by the limited number of search functionalities available on the Library of Congress website and wondered if there was anything she could do about it.

After asking herself whether there could be a new way to access and circulate historical photographs, Tilton said she came up with an innovative idea: to make the collection searchable by geographic region.

“The original goal was to be able to view the data in aggregate,” Arnold said. “It was really interesting to look at how these photos spread out on a map.”

After developing the idea and

writing a preliminary computer program to prove the concept was possible, Tilton applied for a National Endowment from the Office of Digital Humanities and became the first Yale student to win an endowment from that office. She and Arnold proceeded to build their team, which includes map expert Stacey Maples, librarian Peter Leonard and professor Laura Wexler. Wexler — who is the founder and director of the Photographic Memory Workshop, a cross-disciplinary working group of Yale professors, staff and students that examines the relationship between images and memory — serves as director for the Photogrammar project.

In addition to its own geographical map, Photogrammar offers an interactive metadata dashboard between date, photographer and subject, which the team is still working to expand.

Photogrammar has also incorporated a classification system of tags designed by Paul Vanderbilt in 1942, Tilton said.

She added that, when examining these tags, it was interesting to see how people used to classify photos and what they thought was important to archive.

Arnold said the Photogrammar team has been contacted by many organizations who are excited about the website, including public schools and museums.

“One of the things I’m really interested in is engaging more with the public about this, and figuring out ways to bring it into classrooms and libraries, nonprofits and museums,” he said.

According to both co-directors, the project has many future possibilities. The team is now looking into incorporating census data at the county level, including the kinds of industries in each county. This would include valuable historical context with each photograph.

Additionally, Photogrammar is in the early stages of developing a mobile interface, which would allow people to geotag various photographs.

Gary said he has already begun referring Yale students to Photogrammar in his capacity as an American history librarian.

He added that this technology could be important to scholars, researchers and history buffs, alike.

“Data will be so immense in the future,” he said. “Troves are dumped on the national archives each year. These are the sort of tools that will help historians deal with that gigantic flood of data.”

The photos featured on Photogrammar were taken between 1935 and 1945.

Contact HANNAH YANG at hannah.yang@yale.edu .

When Yale professor of surgery John Geibel was interested in building a novel method of organ transplantation, he turned to the students in MENG 404, “Medical Device Design and Innovation,” for help. What emerged was an invention that is now being pitched to the School of Management and will eventually make its way to market.

The new Center for Biomedical and Interventional Technology (CBIT) aims to bring together students and faculty mentors in engineering, public health, medicine and management to develop ideas for biomedical innovations. Eventually, CBIT hopes to support this fusion of medical innovation and entrepreneurship by connecting those teams to private seed money.

After two-and-a-half years of development, the center will have its official kickoff on Sept. 19, with a keynote address by Robert Langer, a medical innovator with over 1,050 patents to his name.

“A lot of students have a general sense of what direction they want to go in, but they don’t know as much

as clinicians about professional challenges in the medical community,” said Jean Zheng, engineering director at CBIT. “We’re going to merge experience and enthusiasm to develop something that could help a lot of people.”

Peter Schulam, now chief of urology at Yale-New Haven Hospital, conceived the CBIT at UCLA in 2012 with graduate student Richard Fan. After Schulam came to Yale, he reached out to biomedical engineering professor Mark Saltzman to create a resource for fusing medical innovation with business expertise.

CBIT recently received funding from the Provost’s office, as well as the School of Medicine, said Christopher Loose, CBIT’s executive director.

At present, CBIT exists as a network of professors, clinicians and entrepreneurs from Yale and the greater New Haven area, many of whom have approached Zheng with ideas for medical projects, including physical devices, apps and processes. Zheng keeps record of those projects for students interested in working on them and helps connect students with faculty and other professionals on and off campus who can offer guidance.

The center is still seek-

ing out a physical space where it hopes to eventually hold classes like MENG 404, which mirrors the CBIT’s mission in a classroom setting. The class has helped to generate interest among undergraduates, Zheng said.

We’re going to merge experience and enthusiasm to [...] help a lot of people.

JEAN ZHENG Engineering director, Center for Biomedical and Interventional Technology According to Schulam, the center is there for anyone with an idea that is not fully fleshed out. Whether ideas are clinically useful or commercially viable are among the questions CBIT can help students answer, he said.

“Then the question is, ‘Does [the Center itself] have the resources and the expertise to help create prototypes of the idea?’” Schulam said. “‘And, if so, are there resources we can get to help start the project?’”

In the future, CBIT will

hopefully have internal funds to finance early stage development for projects that look especially promising, Schulam added.

According to Loose, universities are increasingly interested in facilitating collaboration like that which spawned Geibel’s transplant box. Centers similar to the CBIT include the Center for Integration of Medicine and Innovative Technology (CIMIT) in Boston, a consortium of hospitals and universities, and the Center for Advanced Surgery and Interventional Technology (CASIT) at UCLA. “Most medical devices are developed by big medical companies who think they know what physicians need but who often make devices that aren’t really adopted into practice because they haven’t worked collaboratively with physicians in the design process,” Saltzman said. “We think it’s better to have input from all sides pretty early on.”

Connecticut has 52 companies devoted to biotechnology, 20 of which are located in New Haven.

Contact JENNIFER GERSTEN at jennifer.gersten@yale.edu and HANNAH SCHWARZ at hannah.schwarz@yale.edu .

After long journey, charter school takes off

JULIA ZORTHIAN/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Booker T. Washington Academy had its first day of school Wednesday morning, five days ahead of the original planned date.

BY POOJA SALHOTRA STAFF REPORTER With clearance from the state board of education, New Haven’s newest charter school opened its doors Wednesday morning — five days ahead of schedule.

The state first approved the charter school, Booker T. Washington Academy, as a pre-K to 2 school with 225 students. But after a scandal led BTWA to sever ties with the organization it had originally hired to run the school, the state placed new limitations on BTWA, including a later start date and limited enrollment of 120 students in kindergarten and first grade.

But this week, the State Board of Education granted the school’s request to open earlier than the planned Sept.

15 date because the school had completed all required documentation and demonstrated that it was prepared to welcome the new students, said school director John Taylor. Taylor said that despite late bus arrivals on Wednesday morning, the first day of school was a success.

“It was great news to be able to tell the parents that we could open up early,” Tay-

lor said. “The first few days are all about establishing the classroom environment. The schools that get that right are the higher performing schools.”

Taylor explained that the first few days of class are dedicated to teaching students proper behavior in the classroom, such as the protocol for switching between classrooms or preparing for lunch.

Following the school’s opening on Wednesday, the State Director of Northeast Charter Schools Network Jeremiah Grace issued a statement in support of the school, noting that the founders of the school have “overcome obstacles that they never expected but have emerged victorious.”

The obstacles sprung up over the summer during a scandal involving the Hartford-based company Family Urban Schools of Excellence that was originally charged with managing the school.

The board cut ties with FUSE after it became apparent that the company’s CEO, Michael Sharpe, had a criminal background and had lied about his educational achievements.

Because the state had originally approved BTWA’s proposal assuming its affiliation

with FUSE, BTWA rushed to put together a revised proposal for the state to review before the beginning of the school year. The Board hired Taylor and the consulting firm Yardstick Learning to manage the school to replace FUSE. Though the last-minute scramble for new management created some anxiety, school founder Reverend Eldren Morrison said that it had a limited impact on the school itself.

“What happened at FUSE was certainly a tragedy,” Morrison said. “But I don’t think the fallout was so dramatic for us because the school year had not started and we were able to really go back to the tenets of Booker T., like making sure our kids get the best education possible.”

Taylor said that while the FUSE scandal likely caused some parents to pull their kids out of the school, he did not notice a “mass out-migration” after the fallout. He did note that because the state board required the school to limit enrollment to K-1, some parents who had originally enrolled their pre-k or second grade-aged children in the school were forced to pull out.

In early August, just after

the state approved of the revised charter, the school only had 74 students enrolled, but during the last few weeks of the summer, the school’s board members canvassed, did radio ads and attended community functions to fill the remaining 48 slots.

Currently, the school has 120 students enrolled, roughly 90 percent of whom are minority students, Morrison estimated.

A pastor at Varick Memorial AME Zion Church, Morrison said he first decided to open the charter school to provide better academic opportunities to minority students in the Dixwell-Newhallville neighborhood.

BTWA is currently leasing a building on Greene Street from the charter school network Achievement First, but Morrison said the school will move to 400 Blake St. next year, once construction on that site is complete.

BTWA was one of two charter schools to open in New Haven this fall. Elm City Montessori School opened at 375 Quinnipiac Ave. as a local charter.

Contact POOJA SALHOTRA at pooja.salhotra@yale.edu .

PAGE 4

YALE DAILY NEWS · THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT New singers rush to join groups

“We live in a rainbow of chaos.”

PAUL CÉZANNE FRENCH POST-IMPRESSIONIST PAINTER

Departments, registrars frustrated OCS FROM PAGE 1

ELIZABETH MILES/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The a cappella rush period was shortened last year from one month to two weeks.

TAP NIGHT FROM PAGE 1 ing Group Council co-chair Jeremy Zitomer ’16 said. “Because the community is so large, but also so tight, groups get excited as new members are inducted.”

At 9 p.m. last night, returning members of each of the groups gathered in William L. Harkness Hall for a “lock-in” in which they prepared for the night’s festivities.

After finalizing some remaining details and getting “riled up,” Zitomer said, groups headed over to Old Campus to select their newest members.

Though specific Tap Night activities differ amongst the groups, freshmen must all respond to a formal tap with yes, no or maybe. If the answer is affirmative, students are then invited to drink from the formal “tap cup” — a trophy filled with a nonalcoholic drink — before joining their new group to induct the next member.

SGC co-chair Margot Gerould ’15 said each group has its own set of traditions, which often include going to different locations across campus. She noted that some alumni even

return to campus specifically to welcome and celebrate with the new freshmen.

Zitomer, a member of the Yale Alley Cats and the Whiffenpoofs, said the Alley Cats have a tradition of taking freshmen to the top of Saybrook Tower, where the group was first founded, to connect the new members to its history.

Groups are able to “pretap” their members, or formally extend invitations to new members a few days early and gauge their numbers in advance.

Zitomer said the night inevitably includes surprises both for new and returning members.

Receiving a tap from some of Yale’s a cappella groups can be very competitive — though rush numbers dropped this year, with fewer students seeking a place than in recent previous years.

Still, competition was fierce.

Zach Johnson ’17, head rush manager for the Duke’s Men, said 77 students auditioned for his group’s six anticipated spots.

“There have been times where there are races to the rooms of freshmen,” Johnson said. “It’s unfortunate, but it comes down to whatever a cap-

pella group gets there first.”

The a cappella rush period was shortened last year from one month to two weeks. Johnson, while in support of the shorter process, said this also gave potential members less time to meet with groups, which probably made them more reluctant to commit to a group in advance.

Gerould said the rush process this year went generally well, with most students following the rules. The role of the SGC is to work with the different groups to create a positive and fair atmosphere, she said, though their “policing” largely ends on Tap Night.

“It is really about the freshmen and what they want in their a cappella experience,” Gerould said.

Becca Young ’18, who was tapped by Redhot & Blue, said she enjoyed running with her new group from her dorm in Timothy Dwight College back to the excitement on Old Campus. She added that since this was the only group she rushed, she was excited to be inducted.

As a new tap for Mixed Company, Danny Keller ’18 said he

was excited at the prospect of knowing he will get to spend the next three years as a part of this group. He added that the rush process as a whole helped him meet new people and make friends.

“It is very cool to have a large group of people show up at your door, chanting your name and singing as they force you to drink punch,” Keller added.

Not only freshmen were introduced to the world of Yale a cappella on tap night.

Deborah Leffell ’17 said she did not rush a cappella as a freshman since she was initially intimated, but said she was excited to be joining Something Extra this year and meeting the other new members.

Zitomer noted that while there can often be safety concerns on tap night, specifically with unsafe drinking, the SGC and the administration worked together to implement rules to ensure positive behavior.

The Whiffenpoofs and Whim ’n Rhythm hold separate auditions for juniors in the spring.

Contact LARRY MILSTEIN at larry.milstein@yale.edu .

improve those things, Olszewski said.

“The online version has to be good enough before we can conceive of even stopping [the] printing of [the] physical Bluebook,” Olszewski said.

Yale is not the first university to use CourseLeaf, which is made by the software firm Leepfrog.

The product is essentially a catalogue-building system, through which Yale can build the extensive list of courses offered each year. Currently, Leepfrog lists 108 other institutions on its website that use the system.

Olszewski said the Registrar’s Office previously used three different computer systems to produce the PDF file of the Bluebook that would get sent to the printer — making the process long and cumbersome. The introduction of CourseLeaf, he said, has streamlined and shortened that process.

But Olszewski said that there were problems with the system’s input module, CourseLeaf CIM, with which professors propose courses. Academic administrators involved said the problems began very early in the process.

On Jan. 7 of this year, undergraduate registrars received an invite from Olszewski to attend a session for a “sneak peek” of CourseLeaf the following day. As course planning for the following year begins months in advance, the first undergraduate registrar said, this was already too late.

“In my mind the training for that should have happened four months prior,” the registrar said. “All the registrars should have been fully trained before.

We were being trained on the fly while we were doing it for the first time.”

A second department registrar, who also requested anonymity, said they were told in an email that they could sign up for a CourseLeaf training. They signed up, only to have the training session canceled.

The early issues foreshadowed later troubles: when attempting to list courses for the fall semester, undergraduate registrars quickly ran into a slew of difficulties.

Chief among these were two primary problems: difficulty in cross-listing courses across different departments and old course descriptions attaching themselves to new courses.

When undergraduate registrars attempted to use a course number from a previous year for a new course — as many departments frequently do — the old description stayed with the number.

“There were all kinds of stumbles,” said Yale College Dean Jonathan Holloway, who said he was not involved with the implementation of CourseLeaf. “I’m hoping that through this very painful first-year process we’ll come out on the other side in better shape.”

When it came to cross-listing, department registrars were forced to jump through a long series of hoops. To cross-list a course, they had to receive individual emails from their department’s DUS, as well as the DUS and department chair of the secondary department, rather than simply moving the course through the CourseLeaf system.

“There is something seriously wrong with the system when I have to send multiple emails just to get a number added to a course, then I have to make several phone calls to the Registrar’s Office and then follow up with several more emails,” the first registrar said. “And three weeks later the number finally gets added to the course.”

As spring term ended, DUSs and department registrars found themselves increasingly frustrated with the new system.

Political science DUS David Simon called the situation “a major headache for the department.”

According to Greg Soare, the director of higher education accounts for Leepfrog, the issues arose out of “differences between how the system assumed that course codes would be used and how they were trying to be used by faculty.”

“The most common issue was that the software did not anticipate that a course code could be reused for a different course the next academic year,” Soare said.

“They were not, in general, user-

generated items.”

Olszewski said he does not know how much the University paid for CourseLeaf. According to Soare, the “ball park price could range from the low-mid five figures into the low-mid six figures.”

A TEMPORARY FIX?

Olszewski’s office created an email account, courseleaf@yale. edu, for registrars to email with questions about the system.

But as they quickly found out, the account was of little help. The first department registrar said emails were not responded to in a timely manner. Meanwhile, the second department registrar said issues with CourseLeaf resulted in tensions between faculty and the staff working in their departments;when faculty saw their courses not listed properly, the registrar said, they immediately blamed the registrars in individual departments.

Tensions came to a head in late May, when the History Department decided to withhold all of its courses from the 2014–’15 print edition of the Bluebook.

History DUS Beverly Gage ’94 informed the Registrar’s Office of the decision in an email to Associate University Registrar Emily Shandley.

There were all kinds of stumbles.

JONATHAN HOLLOWAY Dean, Yale College “The reason is simple: Given the current difficulties and glitches of CourseLeaf, we cannot see a clear way to ensure an accurate and complete listing of our courses in the print edition,” Gage wrote in an email, obtained by the News. “We would rather withdraw our course listings in full than print an incomplete or inaccurate set of listings.”

Ultimately, the History Department decided to list its courses in the print edition after Olszewski’s office said it would do all of the data entry and data management for their courses, Gage said.

Throughout the summer, Leepfrog provided additional staffing in an attempt to resolve the issues. According to Soare, the firm did this at no additional charge, as per its standard support agreement.

Eventually, the Bluebook appeared online and in print, albeit later than expected. But as Gage and the two registrars interviewed said, the print edition is far from accurate. Gage added that the system limped through the beginning of the term.

“My sense is that the Registrar’s Office, like everyone else on campus, was trying to get through shopping period,” Gage said.

Undergraduate registrars expressed skepticism about the future of the system, saying they fully expect further problems to surface during the next round of course listing.

Soare said CourseLeaf and Yale have been jointly testing the next release of the software for the University.

The months of troubles with the new system have substantially shaken the confidence of undergraduate registrars and DUSs in Olszewski, who they say owes an apology to those who dealt with the new system’s flaws.

Gage said that a lot of the issues with the system could have been predicted, and that there could have been far better communication between Olszewski and departments. To move forward, Gage said, that needs to be acknowledged and addressed.

Still, those interviewed for this article expressed sympathy for the staff in the Olszewski’s office, who they said did the best they could in a difficult situation.

“How anyone over there is still standing is beyond me,” said the first department registrar.

Olszewski first joined Yale from the University of Chicago — where he was also the university registrar — in 2011.

Contact MATTHEW LLOYD-THOMAS at matthew.lloyd-thomas@yale.edu and YUVAL BEN-DAVID at yuval.ben-david@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 5

NEWS

“If voting changed anything, they’d make it illegal.”

EMMA GOLDMAN ANARCHIST

Malloy faces a tax problem

BY ABIGAIL BESSLER STAFF REPORTER As Connecticut’s gubernatorial race intensifies, Gov. Dannel Malloy faces an uphill battle against what Republicans are calling their strongest message in years: that the governor’s large tax hikes have hurt the economy.

Malloy, who raised taxes by $1.5 billion during his first year as governor in the face of a $3.6 billion deficit, trails Republican challenger Tom Foley in a race centered on the economy, according to recent polls. Though according to The Wall Street Journal, Connecticut has regained around 77 percent of the private sector jobs it lost during the recession, Malloy consistently gets unfavorable ratings on economic issues.

Republican state Sen. John McKinney, who ran against Foley in the Republican primary, said that gives Republicans an advantage.

“I think you’re going to see Republican candidates in the state run on a very unified message,” McKinney said. “Clearly the most important one is that Dan Malloy and the Democrats in the legislature passed the largest tax increase in history. If people are dissatisfied with where we are, there’s really only one party to hold accountable for that.”

Last week, an anti-Malloy super PAC called “Grow Connecticut” released an ad attacking the governor’s tax policies.

But New Haven Alder Dolores Colon said tax raises were necessary to pay for essential services like education, fire departments and infrastructure.

“Things cost money,” Colon said.

“The only way you’re going to avoid paying taxes is if you’re in the grave.

And I don’t want that alternative for anybody.”

Colon said the governor’s economic polices have helped New Haven, citing his work with small businesses and investment in the city. Earlier this year, Malloy teamed up with Mayor Toni Harp to announce that the state would give New Haven $1 million to erect a new “Q” House, a community center that had been bought by the city two years ago under threat of foreclosure.

Not everyone agrees. Richter Elser, chair of the New Haven Republican Town Committee, said Malloy’s tax increases present a threat to New Haven.

“The more the governor does to make Connecticut a less friendly state for business development ultimately hurts its urban areas, whether in New Haven or any other city,” Elser said.

“Governor Malloy’s current tax policy is enough to make voters wonder, ‘Would it be better to support a new guy?’”

Elser, who called the Q House funding an “election year ploy,” questioned why businesses would move to Connecticut if New York had better economic incentives.

Connecticut has experienced lower growth rates than its neighbors, although according to Steve Lanza, a University of Connecticut professor of economics, Connecticut has been historically slower to recover from downturns.

Lanza said Malloy found himself in a Catch-22 situation.

“If you don’t raise taxes, you’re

going to have to cut public services and that will have real consequences on the economy,” Lanza said. “If you raise taxes, then you’re taking money out of the pockets of tax payers.”

Lanza said the current surplus in Connecticut is a sign of economic improvement, in contrast with McKinney, who said frustration with the state’s economic direction will impact all races on this year’s ballot.

Fred Carstensen, another University of Connecticut economics professor, argued that if Foley was elected in 2010 rather than Malloy, the economy would have been much worse off. In that campaign, according to Carstensen, Foley said he would only cut the budget.

“Foley would have given us the worst recession since World War II on the basis of what he said during the campaign,” Carstensen said. “There was no way that you could get out of the recession in Connecticut without raising taxes.”

Carstensen said Malloy has worked to preserve municipal grants and argued that Connecticut does not have as high of taxes as some, and said the state has the second lowest business taxes in the country. He also attributed rapid job growth in New York and Massachusetts to investment in infrastructure, and said cutting taxes to solve economic development problems in Connecticut was “absolute nonsense.”

Foley leads Malloy by six points according to a Quinnipiac University poll released Wednesday.

Contact ABIGAIL BESSLER at abigail.bessler@yale.edu .

Going global, SOM seeks feedback

BY LAVINIA BORZI STAFF REPORTER Edward Snyder, dean of the Yale School of Management, plans to meet with 1,000 people this fall.

These meetings — which will take place with SOM students, faculty, staff, alumni and other figures in the business world — will inform Snyder’s future strategy for the Global Network for Advanced Management, a partnership of schools that he founded in 2009 that aims to foster ties among leading business schools and their students. The results of these conversations will determine key developments within the network, including funding, student involvement and potential expansion.

The first meeting took place in New York City on Tuesday, when administrators joined roughly 50 alumni and friends of the school to begin soliciting feedback for SOM’s future global strategy.

“My goal is to get as much feedback as possible going forward,” Snyder said. “We are in this classic situation where we feel like we are on the right track but we want to accelerate, and we want to do it well.”

After the meeting, SOM Associate Dean Anjani Jain said he was impressed with the engagement of the first group. He and other administrators present have already obtained general “food for thought” ideas as well as specific implementation ideas, he said.

SOM professor Andrew Metrick said SOM’s outreach plan will likely be successful. A global strategy is made up of more than just specific programs and is related to wider themes such as the future of management education and the needs of global leaders in the present and future, he said.

SOM professor Fiona Scott Morton said regular assessments are important to most initiatives.

It’s not just words that they are using — they are backing it up with a lot of options and connectivity to other schools.

ARI BILDNER ’09 SOM ’16

“When the environment is changing and the problem is hard, it is important for decision-makers to reach out to constituents for their views, and to information sources for data in order to adjust the strategy to achieve the best possible outcome,” she said.

Six out of eight SOM students interviewed said they are aware of the meetings Snyder had planned to gather their feedback. Out of these, seven said they appreciate the initiative and will most likely attend a meeting.

Snyder said that one basic question he is hoping to solve is how big the network will be. While he would like to potentially include more schools throughout the world, it is difficult to keep an abundance of mem-

ber schools equally engaged and “activated,” he said. SOM Associate Dean David Bach said he thinks the network’s current size is optimal, although the school is interested in potentially incorporating some schools in Oceania, Eastern Europe and the Arab World.

Students, however, had mixed opinions about expansion. While Stephanie Johns SOM ’16 said there is still room for expansion, Zhe Yang SOM ’16 said the danger of having too many member schools is losing the connection among them, creating obstacles to cooperation.

Another development Snyder said he is looking at is the intensification of students’ involvement with activities within the network. Student buy-in is fundamental for the activation of each node in the network, he said.

“There is still a lot of progress that we have not realized in terms of changing the everyday experience of students,” he said.

“Right now I’d say across the network, in all the member schools, less than 10 percent of students feel that the network is important to them in terms of their academic and professional development.”

But Daniel Hahn SOM ’16 said the Global Network was a major factor in his decision to come to SOM. Similarly, Ari Bildner ’09 SOM ’16 said the network is a distinguishing part of her experience at the school.

“This is a way to differentiate ourselves from other business schools, ” she said. “It’s not just words that they are using – they are backing it up with a lot of options and connectivity to other schools.”

As SOM attempts to seek feedback for the development of the network, the network itself is flourishing with bigger and more intense activities.

This fall’s Global Network Week — a weeklong program in which students in the network’s schools travel to their sister schools and participate in a special curriculum — will register a record rate of participation, with 500 students traveling to other member schools for the event.

Additionally, more of the network’s member schools are becoming involved in teaching online courses. While only three online courses were offered last year by Yale and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, many more are in the works this year, from schools such as the Indian Institute of Management and the London School of Economics.

Despite the advancements, Snyder said there is still a long road ahead to make the network a truly “isotropic” group, with all partners playing an equal role.

“We recognize this is still very much a Yale-led network, in terms of organization and infrastructure,” he said. “So the question is, how do we make the relationships and still get things done?”

This year’s Global Network Week, which will take place in October, currently has 10 schools registered to participate.

Ilana Kaufman contributed reporting.

Contact LAVINIA BORZI at lavinia.borzi@yale.edu .

ELIZABETH MILES/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Republicans attacked Gov. Dannel Malloy’s tax policies, claiming that his hikes have hurt the Connecticut economy.

State considers early voting

BY ISABELLE TAFT STAFF REPORTER A ballot measure this November seeks to amend Connecticut’s constitution in order to allow legislation removing restrictions on absentee ballots and open the door to early voting.

If voters answer Question 1 — the only question before them this election — in the affirmative, the state legislature will be able to consider legislation for expanded absentee ballot access, early voting or both. The Connecticut constitution currently prohibits early voting and allows absentee ballots only for those who can prove they are out of the state on Election Day or are unable to get to the polls.

Proponents of the measure, including members of the Yale College Democrats, claim early voting would enable students and people with unpredictable work schedules to easily participate in the democratic process.

“We’re not excused from class to go vote, but if early voting passes, then political participation is made much easier for us,” said Lily Sawyer-Kaplan ’17, communications director for the Dems.

Sawyer-Kaplan said the Dems plan to publicize the measure as part of their campaign efforts this fall and hope to encourage Connecticut voters to support it.

Andrea Barragan ’16, president of the Yale College Republicans, said the group has no official position on the measure.

Thirty-three states and the District of Columbia currently allow some form of early voting, which requires voters to appear in person at a designated polling place but enables them to do so before Election Day. Additionally, 27 states and the District allow voters to request absentee ballots without providing a reason.

Detractors in Connecticut argue such measures could lead to fraud. Republican State Senator Len Fasano — the minority leader pro tempore — voted with most of his Republican colleagues against the constitutional amendment both times it appeared in the state legislature, in 2012 and 2014.

To pass, a constitutional amendment must be approved by the state legislature in two consecutive terms — unless it passes with a supermajority in one term — and is then supported by a majority of voters.

Fasano said he is concerned that early voting would allow activists to pressure people into voting before they have all the information they need and that current practices give everyone enough access to the polls.

“The polls are open from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m., plenty of time for people to get out there and vote before work or after work,” Fasano said.

State Senate majority leader Martin Looney, who supports the amendment, said he thinks restricted voting times present a hurdle to many voters. But he shares some of Fasano’s concern that expanding access to absentee ballots could undermine the secrecy of the ballot, even potentially enabling activists to bully voters into filling out their ballots a certain way.

We’re not excused from class to go vote, but if early voting passes, political participation is made much easier for us.

LILY SAWYER-KAPLAN ’17 Communications director, Yale College Democrats Looney emphasized that passing the ballot measure would not itself change Connecticut elections but rather leave it up to the legislature to consider changes.

He said he attributes Republican opposition to the belief that the constitutional amendment would eventually benefit Democrats.

“They try to say that their reasons are to discourage fraud, but their real reason is they believe the more restrictions on voting and the smaller the turnout, the better they do,” Looney said.

Fasano rejected Looney’s characterization of Republican opposition, pointing out that the GOP isn’t exactly coasting under the current set of voting laws.

“The governor is a Democrat.

The lieutenant governor is a Democrat. All of our congressional people are Democrats. They have a majority in the [state] House and a majority in the [state] Senate. You tell me how the Republicans have been advantaged by the election system,” Fasano said.

Gary Rose, chairman of the department of government and politics at Sacred Heart University, said he thinks the measure will pass, continuing the state’s move towards less restrictive voting practices. He added that in tight races, early voting or expanded access to absentee ballots could help tip the scale towards Democratic candidates.

His hesitation regarding the amendment, however, mainly stems from another effect it could bring: the devaluation of Election Day as a hallowed occasion in American public life.

“It becomes almost a drivethrough experience if you have early voting like this,” Rose said.

“It just doesn’t seem to elevate the importance of that very special day where Americans pick their representatives.”

Connecticut has amended its constitution 31 times since 1970.

Contact ISABELLE TAFT at isabelle.taft@yale.edu .

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PAGE 6

YALE DAILY NEWS · THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT

“As far as I’m concerned, being any gender is a drag.” PATTI SMITH AMERICAN SINGER-SONGWRITER

Under first female mayor, gender gap continues GENDER IN THE ADMINISTRATION IN 2008, 2009, AND 2013

96

96

1 person

women

50 people

men

81 56

56

1,044

1,045

464

Officials and Managers

437

Total Workforce

Officials and Managers

2008 DIVERSITY FROM PAGE 1 outnumbered women in this category almost two to one. Four years later, according to the most recent report, men fill 81 of the city’s managerial positions, while women hold the other 53, a slight improvement.

Harp said she has done a “pretty good job” cultivating a diverse workforce — at least a “better job than the previous administration.”

Since taking office, she has appointed a slate of women to top city positions, still dwarfed by the number of men she has asked to work for her. The highest-paying jobs — corporation counsel, police chief, chief administrative officer, and housing and neighborhood development adminis-

plete projects that may have required intense research or communication with administrators.

But of the representatives who were assigned to projects over the summer, Eliscovich Sigal said, many made sufficient progress and may be ready to present their projects by the Council’s third meeting of the semester. Projects currently in progress include improving transportation services, standardizing the Latin honors system and implementing academic minors. Other important projects that Herbert and Eliscovich Sigal said will be completed before the end of the academic year include reforming financial aid, compiling a report on campus sexual assaults and securing mixed gender housing for sophomores.

Having a Council that is already established by the beginning of the academic year has a number of other benefits, Eliscovich Sigal said. The dynamic between representatives will be very different, she noted, since there will be fewer freshman elected representatives.

Total Workforce

2009

trator — are all held by men.

Senior staff is more diverse along racial and ethnic lines than along gender lines. When it comes to the mayor’s two top aides, her chief of staff and chief administrative officer, one is Hispanic and one is black, but both are men.

The women whom Harp has tapped to lead city departments do not manage public safety, the budget or legal affairs but rather community services, elderly services and the public library. Harp said this is because women have a particular knack for community and social service work.

“What I see is that women do things slightly differently,” she said. “We are a little bit more sensitive to the needs of our elderly population and our chil-

dren, we think about not just economic development but the development of communities and opportunities to interact with each other.”

While the problem of gender inequity in politics is a national one, local governments can be laboratories for broader change, said Patricia Russo, executive director of the Women’s Campaign School at Yale, an independent nonprofit run through the Law School.

Kelly Murphy, former economic development administrator who left the city when John DeStefano Jr. left the mayor’s office at the end of last year, said local government can be a pipeline to higher office.

“How are you going to recruit a female head of transportation

YCC holds first meeting YCC FROM PAGE 1

938

53

Still, freshmen have made a particularly strong showing so far. Eliscovich Sigal noted that half of the 35 non-Council attendees of the meeting responded positively to emails that she sent out afterwards.

“Freshmen … had a lot of energy. They were really excited to help,” Herbert said, adding that he hopes to facilitate that enthusiasm into various channels of the YCC.

[There are] a lot of structural things that Yale, as a governing institution, needs to change.

BRANDON MARKS ’18 Opportunities for freshmen and other new meeting attendees include joining one of the YCC’s non-Council teams, such as the business team or the Spring Fling Committee, or becoming an associate representative, which allows project ownership but still prohibits voting.

Brandon Marks ’18 attended

the first meeting and said he has plans to both run for Freshman Class Council and become an associate representative for the YCC. He said he was impressed by the Council’s ability to bring about significant change, citing the initiative to raise the Student Activities Fee as one such example. “[There are] a lot of structural things that Yale, as a governing institution, needs to change,” Marks said. “Just the idea that [YCC has] that window to make that change is significant.”

Emily Chen ’18 attended the first meeting, but left after just 20 minutes. She said she had little experience with student government in high school and was merely interested in seeing how the YCC functioned as a governing body. She left after getting a sense that she would not have much to do on the Council as a new, unelected member.

Over the next week, the Council will hold special elections for its two open positions — one representative each from Davenport College and Silliman College — in conjunction with class council elections.

Contact WESLEY YIIN at wesley.yiin@yale.edu .

CAPTURE THE MOMENT JOIN YDN PHOTO photography@yaledailynews.com

on a state or national level if you don’t have women with 20 years of experience on a local level to move up?” she said.

Mentorship is one important factor, Murphy said. She herself came to New Haven from Michael Bloomberg’s administration in New York City. She added that professional mentorship is significant, but so are examples in one’s private life: Both her parents are biochemists.

Slowly, Murphy said, young women are beginning to see the opportunities that lie before them. “50 years ago women were teachers and nurses because that’s what they saw,” she said.

“Girls in New Haven look up and see that [Harp] is mayor.

That matters,” Murphy said.

In fact New Haven has a clutch

385

Officials and Managers

Total Workforce

2013 of prominent female leaders, Russo said, citing U.S. Rep. Rosa DeLauro as a leading example.

In several cases, the women Harp appointed already had positions of considerable influence, either in New Haven or elsewhere in the country. Jackie James, a deputy in economic development, was a longtime alder and chair of the city’s Democratic Town Committee.

Harp’s highest-profile and highest-paid female appointee — Martha Okafor to the $125,000-a-year directorship of the multi-agency Community Services Administration — said she sees gender parity not only as an equality issue but also as a practical matter of harnessing talent.

Andrea Jackson-Brooks,

DeStefano’s chief of staff in the 1990s and now a city alder, said she has seen women’s footprint in City Hall grow since the time she managed the mayor’s staff.

Okafor, who came to New Haven from a public health job in Georgia, said she trusts the mayor will address whatever imbalances still persist.

Russo agreed, tracing Harp’s commitment to gender equity back to her work as a state senator on the appropriations committee, when she preserved funding for the Permanent Commission on the Status of Women.

“Mayor Harp has lived this issue,” Russo said.

Contact ISAAC STANLEY-BECKER at isaac.stanley-becker@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 7

BULLETIN BOARD

TODAY’S FORECAST

TOMORROW

Patchy fog between 7am and 8am.

Otherwise, mostly cloudy, with a high near 80. South wind 5 to 10 mph.

SATURDAY

High of 71, low of 53.

High of 71, low of 54.

DOONESBURY BY GARRY TRUDEAU

ON CAMPUS THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 11 8:30 a.m. 9/11 Remembrance Ceremony. The Yale Student Veterans Council, in conjunction with Yale ROTC, will pay tribute to those that lost their lives on Sept. 11, 2001, including at least nine Yale alumni. The ceremony will include participation in the national moment of silence. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library (121 Wall St.), Beinecke Plaza.

11:00 a.m. Exhibition Tour: Bruce Davidson/Paul Caponigro: Two American Photographers in Britain and Ireland. Come enjoy a tour led by a docent of this special exhibition, which pairs for the first time works by Paul Caponigro and Bruce Davidson, two of the most distinguished photographers of their generation.

Yale Center for British Art (1080 Chapel St.).

DA WEEKLY COMIC BY JOHN MCNELLY

6:00 p.m. Ballet Folklorico! Beginner Practice. Interested in learning more about the dances and culture of Ballet Folklorico Mexicano de Yale? Join beginner practice! Morse College (302 York St.), Morse/Stiles Studio.

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 12 2:30 a.m. History of the Book Symposium: Time and the Book. Examines intersections of time and the book, exploring the relationships of time and materiality in the life of the book.

Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library (121 Wall St.).

7:00 PM “DaMNation” Screening. An official screening of the award-winning Patagonia documentary about the changing attitudes in the United States concerning the large dams in that country. Whitney Humanities Center (53 Wall St.), Aud.

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 13

OVER AND OVER BY ALLEN CAMP

7:00 p.m. “Pulp Fiction” Screening. “Pulp Fiction” is a 1994 film about the lives of two mob hit men, a boxer, a gangster’s wife, and a pair of diner bandits that intertwine in four tales of violence and redemption. You won’t know the facts until you’ve seen the fiction. Whitney Humanities Center (53 Wall St.), Aud.

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CROSSWORD Edited by Rich Norris and Joyce Lewis ACROSS 1 Short pants?

6 Boston or Chicago 10 Sound of relief 14 Mendelssohn’s Opus 20, e.g.

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27 The __, Netherlands 30 Regular TV show 31 Bestows 33 __ splicing 34 “Top Gear” airer 37 Gets ready for lunch, maybe 38 Scrub 40 “__ We Are”: Estefan hit 41 Look over 42 “How now? __?”: Hamlet, before mistakenly slaying Polonius 43 __ column 45 Used a plane on 47 Useful quality 48 Blueprint spec ... or a ’60s-’70s rock group conceding a poker hand?

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9/12/14

By Jeff Stillman

DOWN 1 Slew 2 Berry rich in antioxidants 3 “Come Sail Away” band 4 Service station?

5 Inflamed 6 Moistens, in a way 7 GI’s mail drop 8 Unfamiliar 9 “State Fair” setting 10 Crisscross patterns 11 Rajah’s tongue 12 Downed 13 Twist and compress 18 Revival prefix 23 Sheltered, nautically 24 Contemptible ones 25 Ruled out 26 GI chow 27 Cloud 28 Out of town 29 Yawn 32 One who might play under a balcony 34 Uncle __ 35 “Up hill, down __ ...”: Burns

Thursday’s Puzzle Solved

SUDOKU HARD

5

6 2

9

©2014 Tribune Content Agency, LLC

36 Bird was one, briefly 39 Took its toll?

40 Kettle emission 42 Ardent 44 Ideal 45 Ready to be printed 46 Many a late ’90s startup 48 “Pippin” Tony winner 49 Ocean predators

9/12/14

50 Numerical extreme 51 Circus sound 54 Goat with Iberian and Siberian species 55 Like some saxes 56 Inconsequential 59 GI show gp.

60 General on a takeout menu 61 Will Smith title role

8 1

4 2 7

4 4 5

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YALE DAILY NEWS 路 THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2014 路 yaledailynews.com

YALE DAILY NEWS · THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 9

SPORTS

“If one does not know to which port one is sailing, no wind is favorable.” SENECA, ROMAN AUTHOR

Land ho! Elis approach a new season

YDN

Yale will host the 42nd Harry Anderson Trophy on Sept. 13–14.

SAILING FROM PAGE 10 potential and will contribute to this year’s success.

“Obviously it is tough to replace the existing seniors, but the team has had a great recruiting class,” Landy said. “[Head coach] Zach Leonard ’89 has become very

good at recruiting … and we have consistently had the best recruiting class in the country.”

Casey Klingler ’18 and Malcolm Lamphere ’18 are the team’s top recruits, according to Landy. He added that the pair should be able to contribute right away.

Among returning sailors,

W. tennis ready to return to the court

Landy said that skippers Ian Barrows ’17 (2013–’14 all-American) and Kiss will continue to be major contributors this season. In addition, Katherine Gaumond ’15 and Charlotte Belling ’16 were topperforming crews from last season and will lead the team alongside Landy, he added.

Leonard said that, more than anything else, he expects effort and integrity from the team.

“We try not to focus on results as much as the process … of trying to improve as much as we can,” Leonard said. “If we are being supportive of each other, learn from each other and help each

other improve as fast as possible, then we will do well and enjoy the process.”

Kiss agreed that Leonard’s coaching has been crucial to the team’s success. He said that Leonard has taken the team to the next level through the unparalleled effort the coach has put into the

team.

Major tournaments in the upcoming months include the Men’s Singlehanded Championships on Sep. 27, and the Atlantic Coast Championship on Nov. 15.

Contact JULIA YAO at julia.yao@yale.edu .

Replacement search not yet underway SOCCER FROM PAGE 10 ties they would like to see in a new head coach, but both said that the nuanced features of the Ivy League require a certain kind of coach. “I think an understanding of Ivy League recruiting and the restrictions we work under [would be important],” Tompkins said.

“They’re a little bit different than other schools.”

Makins added that the committee, which will include representatives from the university and its alumni, will be looking for a candidate with an appre-

ciation for the high academic expectations of Yale as well as the expectations to succeed in the Ivy League.

Perhaps because the Ivy League’s regulations and culture are so unique, experience coaching in the conference has certainly been a key characteristic of new Yale athletics hires in the past.

Of the 10 new head coaches that Yale has hired in any sport since 2009, eight of them had experience coaching at an Ivy League school before taking the reins of a Yale squad. Nevertheless, Tompkins himself did not

have any Ivy League experience before stepping into the head coaching role 18 years ago.

Whoever is chosen to take over the program will have a strong slate of talent to work with, Tompkins said. After announcing his decision to step down, Tompkins had said that he picked this year to pass on the role because the program is now moving in a positive direction.

“The returning guys are great; we’ve got some commitments from some excellent players in the 2015 class,” Tompkins said. “I don’t think

[the new head coach is] going to have any issue with the personnel that they have. It’ll just be a question of how they want to play.”

Players on the team declined to comment on the search for a new head coach because they wished to remain focused on the season.

Tompkins, who is six wins away from becoming Yale men’s soccer’s winningest coach, will coach his next game tomorrow night at Fairfield.

Contact GREG CAMERON at greg.cameron@yale.edu .

New season opens against old foes YDN

The women’s tennis team opens its season at the Cissie Leary Invitational in Philadelphia, Penn.

W. TENNIS FROM PAGE 10 ITA Northeast Regional tournament, which Yu referred to as the “most important tournament of the fall,” will also be held at Yale this year.

“Regionals is a big priority for us, as it is every fall. Especially now that we have it at home, we feel we can use the home court advantage to do well in this tournament,” Madeleine Hamilton ’16 said. “We will see a lot of the teams we play in the fall again in the spring. We need to come out on a strong note.”

So far, the season looks promising for the Bulldogs. Taka Bertrand, who played professionally on the WTA Tour, was named head coach in July, after Danielle McNamara stepped down from the position at the conclusion of last season. Bertrand has an impressive background in tennis, playing for Vanderbilt and later coaching at the University of Chicago and St. John’s.

The new coaching staff, however, is only one new aspect of the team. There are four freshman recruits hoping to contribute to the Bulldogs’ success this season.

The class of 2018 includes Carol Finke ’18, Lauren Sapienza ’18, Valerie Shklover ’18 and Elizabeth

Zordani ’18, all of whom emerged as accomplished athletes at the state and national levels during high school.

“So far, practices have been great and the energy that everyone brings to practice is awesome,” Zordani said. “Personally, I hope to be a positive and supportive member of the team.

Other than that, I want our team to achieve its full potential and become highly ranked.”

Yu recognized the talent of the newest team members and also emphasized the values — including communication, selfless service and respect — they bring to the team.

In addition to the freshman class, the team has a strong core of upperclassmen that is ready for another season.

“All of the upperclassmen want to show the rest of the team what we work for and how we represent ourselves. We do that by being competitive in our matches and trying to do as well as possible,” Hamilton said.

The first step toward claiming another Ivy League title begins this weekend as the team opens its season in Philadelphia.

Contact KATIE SABIN at kaitlyn.sabin@yale.edu .

ANNA SOPHIA-HARLING/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The men’s and women’s cross country teams begin their seasons against Harvard and Princeton on Sept. 12.

CROSS COUNTRY FROM PAGE 10 tain. “Our team dynamics have changed.”

When asked what meet they were most anticipating, both Harkins and Gosztyla mentioned the Ivy League Heptagonal championships, which will occur on Nov. 1, 2014. Harkins said that the men’s team has ambitions to be one of the top teams in the nation.

Beyond the regional competitions, the Yale cross-country

teams are also looking to compete in larger competitions such as the national NCAA championships, Harkins said.

“As the season moves on, the competitions get more intense but also become more exciting,” Kevin Dooney ’16 said.

In the move toward competing on the national level, one of the focuses for both teams has been on building the team camaraderie so runners can push and encourage each other, said members of

both teams. According to John McGowan ’15, the men’s team captain, long runs during practices always allow team members to learn more about each other. Alpert added that getting to see teammates and running together is a great encouragement for getting to practice, whether early in the morning or late in the evening.

In a sport that focuses on training mileage, Yale’s men clock on average 60 to 95 miles a week, and Yale’s women

cover 30 to 75 miles a week for a majority of the calendar year, according to members of the two teams.

“Running is a life style.

These athletes choose to be in season fall, winter and spring,” Gosztyla said. “I am fortunate to work with these hardworking and dedicated kids.”

Yale hosts a home meet once every two years.

Contact PETER HUANG at peter.huang@yale.edu .

IF YOU MISSED IT SCORES

MLB Atlanta 6 Washington 2

MLB Baltimore 10 Boston 6

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MLB Toronto 11 Chicago Cubs 1

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FIBA France 65 Spain 52

FOR MORE SPORTS CONTENT, VISIT OUR WEB SITE yaledailynews.com/sports

KELLY JOHNSON ’16 VOLLEYBALL The Palos Verdes, Calif. native was named to the Ivy League honor roll this week for her performance in last weekend’s Yale Invitational. In three matches, the junior setter recorded 28 kills, 23 digs and six blocks.

KELLY CRAWFORD ’18 VOLLEYBALL The freshman setter earned an Ivy League honor roll selection this week after her contributions in three matches last weekend. Crawford, who hails from Sunnyvale, Calif., notched 99 assists on the weekend.

MLB NY Mets 2 Colorado 0

“One of our biggest goals is obviously to dominate the Ivy League and win another Ivy Championship.”

HANNA YU ’15 WOMEN’S TENNIS YALE DAILY NEWS · THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

Soccer to hunt for new coach

BY GREG CAMERON STAFF REPORTER

YDN

Brian Tompkins has been the head coach of the Yale Men’s Soccer team for 19 years.

Anchors aweigh for defending champs

BY JULIA YAO CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Coming off of two consecutive Team Race national championships and three straight Ivy League titles, the Yale coed sailing team will look to defend its titles this year with a squad of seasoned veterans and talented freshman.

SAILING The team ended last season with spectacular performances, capturing both the Fleet Race National Championship and Team Race National Championship.

Additionally, the Bulldogs earned the Fowle Trophy — an award

granted to the team accumulating the highest point total in a given season — as the best college sailing team in the nation.

“Our main goal this year is definitely to reclaim the Fowle Trophy and the National Championship title,” skipper Mitchell Kiss ’17 said.

Despite losing six graduating seniors, members of the team said they are still confident that they can continue their legacy from last season.

Captain and 2013-’14 College Sailor of the Year Graham Landy ’15 said he believes that the incoming freshman class has great SEE SAILING PAGE 9

YDN

The coed sailing team begins its season on Sept. 13.

STAT OF THE DAY 30

As the Yale men’s soccer team takes the field this fall, its players are focused on bringing home the team’s first Ivy League title since 2005 and giving head coach Brian Tompkins a proper send off in his 19th and final season. But while the players are fighting it out on the pitch, Yale’s athletics administrators will focus on what comes next: finding a new head coach.

Following Tompkins’ Aug. 25 announcement that he will step down as head coach at the end of the current season, Yale has just over two months to decide who will take the helm in November, when Tompkins will take on an administrative role for the Yale athletics office.

Only speculations can currently be made about Tompkins’ potential replacement, as the search committee has not yet formed and no candidates have been announced. Associate athletic director Jeremy Makins, who will chair the search committee, said that the nationwide search will begin next month.

“We’ll be looking for a dynamic individual who’s going to help guide the men’s team’s storied history in a great facility, playing one of the best conferences in the country,” Makins said.

Makins did not indicate who will and will not be considered in the search, only stating that it will be a comprehensive search across the country.

Tompkins, who will not be a part of the process, said he was supportive of the candidacy of assistant coach Hiro Suzuki ’00 — now entering his fourth year as Yale’s assistant coach.

Before taking on his coaching role, Suzuki played under Tompkins for four years between 1996 and 1999. In his senior year, he captained the Elis as they won a school-record 13 games. He also served as a volunteer assistant coach for the team in 2001. “[Suzuki is] a former Yale player, and he knows the league inside and out,” Tompkins said.

“He’d be a terrific coach; he’s popular with the players, popular with the alumni. So I think he’s got the kind of profile that will make him certainly a good candidate to consider.”

Yale’s other assistant coach, Olli Harder, was hired just three days after Tompkins announced he was stepping down, but Tompkins said that the hire had already been planned before that as a means to replace former assistant coach Cailean Bailey, who left in May to take an assistant coaching position with the University of the Pacific men’s soccer team.

Though Tompkins praised Harder for the experience, energy and psychological expertise that he has brought to the team, he opined that it may be too soon for him to be considered a candidate.

Makins and Tompkins spoke only generally about the qualiSEE SOCCER PAGE 9

W. tennis serves up season

BY KATIE SABIN CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Last year was the first time in three years the Yale women’s tennis team did not claim the Ivy League championship. The combination of a new head coach, talented recruits and a strong core of upperclassmen will help the Bulldogs attempt to recapture the title this season.

WOMEN’S TENNIS The fall season, in which team members compete individually, begins this weekend when Yale travels to the University of Pennsylvania to compete at the Cissie Leary Invitational. During the spring season, the Bulldogs will compete as a team and begin looking toward another Ivy League title.

“One of our biggest goals is obviously to dominate the Ivy League and win another Ivy championship,” captain Hanna Yu ’15 said.

“Before the Ivy season, we have the opportunity to play against a lot of high ranked teams all across the country. It’s really a blessing that we can get as many matches in before the Ivy League season.”

The team is working hard in order to have a successful fall season, one that is filled with many crucial tournaments for the Bulldogs.

While much of it will be spent on the road, the team will be back home in early October to host the Bulldog Invitational, which draws players from schools such as Brown, Dartmouth, Rutgers and William & Mary. The SEE TENNIS PAGE 9

Cross country gets ready to compete

BY PETER HUANG CONTRIBUTING REPORTER The Yale men’s and women’s cross-country teams will kick off the season this Friday on the Yale University Golf Course at 4:15 p.m. with their first meet.

CROSS COUNTRY Competing against the Harvard and Princeton cross-country teams, Yale cross-country athletes hope to start off the season with positive momentum. The men’s cross-country team is currently ranked fifth in the Northeast region, while the women’s squad is ranked 13th.

“We have focused the past few years on a positive culture of runners,” women’s crosscountry head coach Amy Gosztyla said. “We are continuing to train and are always focusing on moving up.”

Both the men’s team head coach Paul Harkins and Gosztyla are in their fourth years as head coaches. This cross-country season is the first in which both coaches are working with a team whose athletes they have been coaching since their freshman seasons. This year’s crosscountry teams are also young, with the team bringing in a significant number of athletes from the class of 2018.

“The team has gotten stronger over the years. Coach Gosztyla gives individualized training and checks in with all the runners on a daily basis,” said Hannah Alpert ’15, the women’s cross-country team capSEE CROSS COUNTRY PAGE 9

ANNA SOPHIA HARLING/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The men’s cross country team will kick off its season at the Yale University Golf Course this Friday.

SECONDS INTO THE GAME WHEN MIDFIELDER HENOS MUSIE ’16 SCORED AGAINST IONA ON TUESDAY NIGHT. Musie connected on a pass from teammate Henry Albrecht ’17 for the goal, but that was all for Yale and the Gaels left Reese Stadium with a 2–1 victory.