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NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT · TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 2014 · VOL. CXXXVII, NO. 4 · yaledailynews.com

INSIDE THE NEWS MORNING EVENING

FOGGY RAIN

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ADDICTION LINKING BLACKJACK AND BLACK FRIDAY

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TRANSPORTATION

Over 150 students participate in New Haven Road Race

City and state leaders debate infrastructure improvements PAGE 3 CITY

Activity fee raise stalled

Better call Herbert! YCC

President Michael Herbert ’16 shared his personal cell phone number with the entire campus last night in an introductory email.

NEW POLICIES STRIVE TO IMPROVE PROCESS FOR PROFS

The first marijuana dispensary in the New Haven

area is holding its soft launch this week. Bluepoint Wellness of Connecticut, located in Branford, is one of six marijuana dispensaries in the state. Patients must have one of 11 diseases to qualify, which include cancer, Parkinson’s and multiple sclerosis. Nonmedical marijuana use is a minor misdemeanor in the state of Connecticut.

BY NICOLE NG STAFF REPORTER

age $160 SAF at other Ivy League schools, but both former and current YCC board members interviewed said they believe the fee should be gradually increased every couple of years to reflect

As the frenzy of shopping period continues, the Yale College Registrar’s Office has issued a series of requests regarding the Online Course Selection system, seeking to ease the course selection process for both students and faculty.

The Registrar’s Office reminded students by email to enter a tentative list of at least three full-credit courses in OCS by the Tuesday before the start of classes and has sent repeated reminders for students to keep their OCS worksheets updated. As students and faculty often struggle to determine whether courses are oversubscribed or have available seats, compliance with these requests is intended to improve the accuracy of course demand statistics and reduce confusion, according to University Registrar Gabriel Olszewski. On Friday morning, 98 percent of students had entered at least three courses into their OCS worksheets, which on Aug. 20 opened earlier than in past years.

“If students are more OCS-worksheet aware and aware of the implications of signals given to instructors or departments, then the whole community will have a better experience,” Olszewski said.

SEE STUDENT ACTIVITIES PAGE 6

SEE SHOPPING PERIOD PAGE 4

Democrats, together, strong.

and Assistant Professor at Yale SOM Florian Ederer, wrote a piece for SOM’s blog titled “What Does an Economist Think of the Ice Bucket Challenge?” Ederer explains the viral nature of the challenge is based in individual narcissism — the challenge is “easy to do, and screams ‘look at me.’” In other words, participants receive a payoff of social capital in exchange for being soaked in ice water.

The last passenger pigeon.

The Student Activities Fee — an annual amount paid by students that helps fund the budgets for campus groups — is long overdue for change, according to many

members of the Yale College Council. But raising the fee is more of an art than a science, YCC Finance Director Connor Feeley ’16 said.

The YCC proposed increasing the SAF from $75 to $125 last semester. Its recommended amount still falls short of the aver-

A cappella rush numbers fall

BY ROHAN NAIK CONTRIBUTING REPORTER With a cappella rush now in full swing, groups have noticed a drop in interest and participation compared to years past.

Though members of a few groups such as the Alley Cats noted an increased number of rushees, the majority of groups reported a significantly lower level of interest. According to Christian Probst ’16, a member of the Duke’s Men, the number of people who signed up to

rush the group on the night of the Dwight Hall Jam was 69, compared to 85 last year. Atissa Ladjevardian ’16, president of Redhot & Blue, echoed this sentiment, saying her group saw a drop of around 30 rushing compared to last year. While some a cappella singers said they are not worried because rush numbers fluctuate year to year, others attributed the decline to factors ranging from poor advertising to competition SEE A CAPPELLA RUSH PAGE 6

Yale welcomes diverse class hools high sc c i l b d pu r nde ts of colo e t t uden t a s s o fy a wh anguage nti ary l ts e m i d r i p o U.S. or wh of the rst fi ide s t ie r l ou e rate tanc oo p h e c c Ac

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Yale in Hollywood. Ivy Entertainment is throwing its back-to-school party tonight at the Station outdoor lounge of the W Hollywood Hotel. The networking group regularly throws socials for alumni in media and entertainment from Ivy League schools as well as Stanford and the University of Chicago.

BY WESLEY YIIN STAFF REPORTER

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Monday was the 100th anniversary of the extinction of the passenger pigeon and the event was commemorated at the Peabody Museum with a special display. “From Billions to Zero” highlighted specimens from the museum such a male passenger pigeon from 1874 Milford, Conn.

Yale’s Student Activities Fee — which in part funds events like Spring Fling — is far less than the $160 Ivy League average.

37 %

Selfless or #selfie? Economist

KEN YANIGISAWA/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

U.S. citizens or p erm ane St nt r ud u a g g n e a l o a t h k e esi a r e en t p han s d o h e E w n n g s t t lish s Students who at en tend as ud ed t St h hig hs

Bill Clinton LAW ’73 just keeps coming back to New Haven for more. The former president is attending a fundraiser at the Omni New Haven Hotel today for Gov. Dan Malloy’s upcoming campaign for reelection. The tickets for Democrats ran $50 and the top donation is expected to be $10,000.

OCS eases shopping woes

Princeton v. PETA. Princeton came under fire from PETA this month for the alleged mistreatment of a marmoset in university laboratories. The lab was charged with placing the marmoset in an exercise ball for entertainment. A recent subcommittee formed by the university concluded after investigation that the ferret was placed in an exercise ball so its movement could be observed for a 13-minute period when it moved freely.

57%

BY RISHABH BHANDARI STAFF REPORTER

THIS DAY IN YALE HISTORY

1942 A fire-fighting class for undergraduates is held, sponsored by the Undergraduate War Council.

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PETER SUWONDO/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Some a cappella singers attribute this year’s low rush numbers to poor advertising and competition between the groups.

The class of 2018 is among the most diverse in Yale history.

In addition to representing all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and Guam, the freshman class includes students from 56 foreign countries — more than ever before.

Among the 1,361 students in the class of 2018, 38 percent are U.S. citizens or permanent residents who identify as students of color, a slight uptick from the 37.1 percent of students in the class of 2017 who identified as students of color.

Though Mark Dunn, senior assistant director of Undergraduate Admissions, said numbers fluctuate year to year, he added that over the past 15 to 20 years, the University has become much more diverse as larger numbers of first-generation and minority students have matriculated.

The class of 2018 is the first incoming freshman class admitted during the tenure of Dean of Undergraduate Admissions Jeremiah Quinlan and University President Peter Salovey. Quinlan said he was humbled and excited to oversee the admissions process and welcome one

of Yale’s strongest and most diverse classes to the University.

In the class of 2018, 14 percent of students are the first in their families to enter college, a number Dunn said is the highest since the admissions office began recording that data five or six years ago, while 13 percent attended high schools outside the country. That number includes a record high of 20 students from Africa and follows Salovey’s announcement at his inauguration last October that the University will deepen its ties with the SEE DIVERSITY PAGE 4

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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

OPINION

.COMMENT “This is a non-apology.” yaledailynews.com/opinion

Charity isn’t about you

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VIEW Excellent click bait

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alies are at the heart of Deresiewicz's critiques. We can do more than merely disagree.

Freshmen, you’ve most likely read former Yale associate professor William Deresiewicz’s scathing critique of the place you just entered, an essay that’s sparked an avalanche of responses from all corners.

“Kids at less prestigious schools are apt to be more interesting, more curious, more open and far less entitled and competitive,” Deresiewicz wrote in his July piece in the New Republic, which has become the most-read story in the magazine’s history. Referring to Ivy League students as “out-of-touch, entitled little shit[s],” Deresiewicz attacks us for shamelessly inhabiting a world of privilege with disregard for genuine self-betterment and social progress.

DERESIEWICZ MAKES SWEEPING GENERALIZATIONS, BUT WE CAN ADD NUANCE BY LISTENING TO OUR CLASSMATES Attacks on the Ivy League — or Yale in particular — have existed as long as the institutions themselves.

Over the past few years, critiques of the Ivy League have become particularly prominent both due to the rising debate over income inequality and the controversy over college responses to sexual assault. Such criticism should cause us to examine our experience.

As you embark on your first few weeks at Yale, it may be challenging to

'SCOTTROSE' ON '08.29.14: LETTER FROM SHIPMAN'

prevent Deresiewicz’s harsh indictments from shaping perceptions of your new home. It’s easy to view many of your classmates through his sweeping lens: as elitist, pretentious, risk averse.

But it’s crucial to remember that Deresiewicz is just one person. His generalizations are sensational.For example, his comments on Yale's socioeconomic diversity and tuition ignore the University's need-blind financial aid policy. We are at the heart of the systems Deresiewicz criticizes, and thus we also have the power to change the very nature of this raging debate.

Deresiewicz’s vitriol falls indiscriminately, but he does raise valid questions. He asks, as we always should, whether our admissions process is a meritocracy. He cautions against a resumedriven culture. He reminds us that society should guarantee a first-rate education for all citizens, no matter what school they enroll in.

These criticisms, however, come with the greatest nuance and urgency when vocalized by members of our community confronting these issues. Look around to first-generation college students and those charting their own non-traditional career paths after Yale. Behind Deresiewicz’s statistics are individuals who subvert his oversimplifications.

The systems in which we are embedded help shape us, but we have the privilege to fight against them — to exert the necessary pressure for greater socioeconomic diversity, for greater intellectual diversity, for a higher standard of conversation.

The simplest way to waste our degrees is to accept them blindly.

he latest round of slacktivism is coming to a Facebook post near you.

In case you’ve been away from social media for the last few months, the premise of the ALS ice bucket challenge is simple: If your friend challenges you to #StrikeOutALS on Facebook, you have 24 hours to either post a video of yourself throwing a bucketful of ice water over your head or donate money to the ALS Association. In practice, most have decided to do both, walking away both frigid and with a sense of noble purpose.

To the organizers’ credit, the results of the viral video campaign have exceeded almost everyone’s expectations. In the last few months alone, the ALS Association has reported a spike of over $100 million in donations, which the organization has pledged to put toward research, community services and education.

But what started as a sincere attempt to spread awareness about a degenerative disease has morphed into something else entirely. Instead, the social craze around dumping ice water on one’s head has perverted the otherwise pure intention of charity into something unrecognizable: self-aggrandizement via others’ misfortune.

I’m sure those partaking in the challenge had the best of intentions. Each of us is born with an

innate sense of charity — a feeling that we have a duty to give back to our society and to help those in need.

It’s the same TYLER that BLACKMON feeling pushes us to donate food Back to to food banks, make sandBlackmon wiches for the homeless and devote our time to community service projects. In short, humans have a natural impulse to do good, and that is unequivocally a good thing.

The problem is that too many of us are too lazy to use that impulse to do anything substantive, so we constantly look for quick-and-easy outlets for our charitable instincts.

But when you dump water on your head or put up pink balloons in public spaces to “raise awareness” for a cause, you convince yourself that you are doing your part to make the world a better place. Charity complete. Mission accomplished.

And if those actions are used to complement actual activism to change the systemic problems that block people’s access to healthcare and a higher quality of life, fine. But most of the

time they are done in place of true activism and merely serve to promote the individual performing the action.

So if you want to dump a bucket of water over your head, go for it!

If you want to send a check to your favorite pet charity, be my guest.

But don’t wear the 57 likes you got on your Facebook video as a badge of honor for fulfilling your obligation to provide sustained, systematic support for your fellow human beings.

INSTEAD OF JUST DUMPING ICE ON OUR HEADS, LET'S THINK ABOUT LONGTERM CHARITABLE EFFORTS THAT PROMOTE HEALTH Some may say, so what? Even if this new fad is self-serving and wastes a bit of water, the fact remains that ALS researchers have managed to raise over $100 million off the project. Unfortunately, however, self-promotional charity campaigns like

these generate the added drawback of wide mismatches in need and receipt.

ALS might soon find a cure, but Alzheimer’s gets left in the dust from lack of funds because this was never really about ALS in the first place, was it? It was about playing a game with your friends on Facebook and satiating that inner desire of yours to “do your part” for the world. The result is that instead of objective organizations like the National Institute of Health doling out dollars according to medical and economic need, only the causes with sexy campaign strategies get the funding they need and deserve.

We simply cannot allow oneoff charity drives like this challenge to replace more steady solutions like increasing congressional funding for medical research, restructuring government programs to better help those in need and tearing down barriers of access to health insurance for those who cannot otherwise afford it.

From now on, let’s focus all of our charitable energy on addressing institutional problems. Let's pour cold water on attempts to increase the cult of our own personality through charity.

TYLER BLACKMON is a junior in Jonathan Edwards College. Contact him at tyler.blackmon@yale.edu.

G U E S T C O L U M N I S T S H E N R Y C H A P M A N A N D S T A C E Y L AW R E N C E

Ferguson in New Haven

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lmost 60 years after Emmett Till, racism continues to claim the lives of black men and women in the United States. Terrifying images of Missouri police firing rubber bullets and smoke grenades at protesters have circulated widely since Aug. 9, the day Michael Brown, an unarmed AfricanAmerican teenager, was murdered by Ferguson police officer Darren Wilson. Brown was unarmed but audio suggests Wilson still fired up to 10 times.

The violent response by police to protests and their attempts to spread a false narrative of Brown’s culpability make this a particularly sickening tragedy, inspiring rallies and protests across the U.S., including in New Haven.

In solidarity with the protesters in Ferguson, we organized Yale students and New Haven community members for a rally on Aug. 19, marching from Beinecke Plaza to the New Haven Green. We met during lunch hour to welcome more people to the

rally, attracting over 150 people in the end. When we reached the Green, we sat in a circle and held our arms up to chant, “Hands up, don’t shoot.”

Some have asked what the point of rallying at Yale is. They are concerned that these protests are motivated by students’ misguided sense of self-righteousness and self-congratulation. Some students worry that voicing their opinions so audibly may appear too radical or deepen racial divides instead of bridging them. It’s true — it is difficult for students, many of whom have never been directly affected by the violence in Ferguson, to speak up on an issue that so dramatically inflicts itself on black men and women. And it’s easy to create a bubble within Yale that ignores the fraught history between Yale and New Haven and pretends racial inequality doesn’t exist.

But conversations about race and structural inequalities are necessary. Criticism of protests at Yale and other privileged insti-

tutions makes an assumption about who is affected by Brown’s murder and what a meaningful response to the tragedies occurring around us should look like.

The poet Claudia Rankine said last week about reactions to Ferguson, “There is an odd reality where people feel that ‘that’s not my problem.’ And, in fact, it is your problem, because you can see it, because we all live it. We experience it differently, but it’s all of ours … And then you have to decide whether you’re going to be silent or whether you’re going to stand in the corner and let things happen.”

Instead of thinking of the tragedy in Ferguson as a thousand miles away, we have to think of it as something that is happening to us, to our country.

It is. It has and continues to happen all around us. Rankine’s correct to say we all live it. We have no choice about that. Our decision is whether or not to stay silent.

During our Aug. 19 rally, some protesters held up signs with

the names of victims of police brutality. Names like Eric Garner in New York, Ezzell Ford and Dante Parker in California and John Crawford in Ohio. All of these men, unarmed, were murdered in the last month. One sign was for Oscar Santiago-Rivera, a New Haven resident who died following an encounter with the police in 2011.

At Yale, we should choose against silence and engage in constructive conversations about what transpired in Ferguson. Even if it means stepping outside of our comfort zone.

As Rankine says, it is our problem. However imperfect, these rallies need to continue within and beyond Yale. The complexity of action must not become an excuse for inaction.

HENRY CHAPMAN is a 2015 student in the School of Art. STACEY LAWRENCE is a 2017 student in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. They can be reached at h.chapman@yale.edu and stacey.lawrence@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 3

NEWS

“Running is the greatest metaphor for life, because you get out of it what you put into it.” OPRAH WINFREY TALK SHOW HOST

CORRECTIONS FRIDAY, AUG. 29

Conn. transit funding limited

The column “Rethink charter schools” has been revised to remove information upon which the columnist relied that was obtained from opinion columns published by other Connecticut news organizations. The revisions occurred following the receipt of additional information concerning the BTWA contracting process. The News regrets publishing misinformed and incomplete statements about individuals formerly mentioned in this column.

The article “Conn. community rejects Yale sailing expansion,” incorrectly stated the name of Short Beach as South Beach. It also omitted a portion of Barbara Davidson Bailey’s name.

Transportation and job inequality linked

BY SARAH BRULEY STAFF REPORTER In the face of a persistently high unemployment rate in the Elm City, the nonprofit organization DataHaven recently released research raising questions about the relationship between public transportation and employment opportunities.

The research drew connections between transportation opportunities and unemployment rates in different neighborhoods within New Haven — ranging from 3 percent in high-income neighborhoods like Westville to as high as 20 percent in low-income neighborhoods such as Dixwell and Newhallville. The study indicated that shortened commutes increase job availability for New Haven residents.

The research has sparked conversation among local leaders surrounding a policy suggestion for improved transportation.

“We want to make sure that the people who are unemployed can get to the jobs that exist,” said Henry Fernandez LAW ’94, CEO of the consulting firm Fernandez Advisors. “If we know that the number of jobs available is going up in the greater New Haven metropolitan area, then we want to make sure that New Haven residents have access to the jobs.”

Spatial mismatch — the distance between workers and their jobs — continues to be a problem for low-income workers, said Deanna Song ’16, a Dwight Hall urban fellow, adding that faster commutes have serious implications for job access.

DataHaven is currently working with South Central Regional Council of Governments and New Haven’s chapter of the NAACP to write a report and form policy recommendations using the data, Mark Abraham ’04 said, the executive director of DataHaven.

Public transit is controlled by state policy, which has not lately played an active role in making improvements, Fernandez said, adding that the state government

was very late in bringing changes to the railway system.

“If New Haven were a stop on a high-speed railway or if the trains didn’t break down with regularity, that would be a huge boon for New Haven,” he said.

The numbers show that the Elm City’s unemployment rates are falling — the rate fell from 11 percent in 2011 to 7.1 in 2014.

However, the increase in people entering the workforce does not necessarily mean jobs are opening in New Haven, Fernandez said, attributing uneven job distribution to lack of a high quality public transit system.

The poverty rate among the city’s children is especially high at around 40 percent. Bolstering transportation lines would offer low-income parents more job opportunities, Fernandez said.

“It can also lower the poverty rate by making sure there are benefits to parents with children,” he said.

But some questioned how big of a role transportation plays in New Haven’s unemployment rate, citing other factors like wage theft and urban development.

After working with employment and workplace justice with Movimiento Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlan de Yale, Evelyn Nunez ’15 said she does not think access to transportation is a significant issue for people finding work in New Haven.

“You have people in restaurants, construction sites and landscaping doing the jobs of two people,” said Megan Fountain ’07, an activist from La Unidad Latina en Accion. Employers doubling the workload of their employees — not transportation issues — contribute more to the unemployment rate, she said.

New Haven’s current unemployment rate, at 7.1 percent, rests above the state average of 6.8 percent, according to the Connecticut Department of Labor.

Contact SARAH BRULEY at sarah.bruley@yale.edu .

WILLIAM FREEDBERG/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Transportation issues, including improvements to the area’s rail lines, are a topic of discussion in the upcoming gubernatorial election.

BY LILLIAN CHILDRESS STAFF REPORTER Two weeks ago, a diverse coalition of eight different environmental, regional and construction groups held a press conference in Hartford to raise the profile of transportation issues in the upcoming gubernatorial campaign.

“The number of deficient bridges in Connecticut is increasing, and it’s really hard to catch up. We think it’s going to be a major issue for the next governor,” said Don Schubert, President of the Connecticut Construction Industries Association.

The coalition focused on four major points for the next governor to take into consideration: protecting the money that Connecticut has already allocated for transportation, expediting project delivery, developing a reliable funding source for transportation projects, and creating a state wide process by which projects are evaluated and processed.

According to Schubert, who represents several transportation organizations, infrastructure in the state is rapidly aging: Many of the bridges in Connecticut are over 50 years old.

“Transportation is a means, not an end. You need a safe, reliable, efficient transportation system to help people get their jobs,” said Karen Burnasca, coordinator of the Transit for Connecticut coalition.

But the state’s transportation development will likely hit a roadblock in obtaining federal money, as the pool of funds has fast evaporated.

The coalition proposed that money in Connecticut’s own special transportation fund should be used for transportation projects only, and even proposed an amendment to the state constitution that a lock box be placed on that fund.

Burnasca said the state must devise a new source of money to fund the billions of dollars of projects that are

needed on roads, bridges and bike paths — citing the fact that Connecticut relies heavily on federal funding.

“It’s very important that our future elected leaders understand and value this issue,” said Amanda Kennedy, the Connecticut director of the Regional Planning Association. “The last thing we want is a knee-jerk no new taxes statement without really having thought through the lack of federal funding ahead of us.”

The coalition included representatives from eight different state and regional organizations, ranging from the Connecticut Fund for the Environment to the Connecticut Construction Industries Association.

Schubert said he thought the press conference united a broad base of transportation activists that had not come together previously.

“It’s very interesting because environmental and construction groups are traditionally at odds,” Schubert

said.

According to Burnasca, investing in efficient transportation is important because use of public transportation like buses and trains can reduce emissions.

He added that the reduction of road traffic and congestion can also shorten commute time, thus reducing the amount of time that emissions can be released into the air during a daily commute.

In addition to the recommended lock box on Connecticut’s state transportation fund, the group of advocates also voiced support for a statewide transportation prioritization plan and regulations to promote efficient delivery of transportation projects, according to a Coalition press release.

Kennedy said the coalition plans to hold a public event along with the gubernatorial candidates in the fall.

Contact LILLIAN CHILDRESS at lillian.childress@yale.edu .

Yalies hit the pavement in road race

BY POOJA SALHOTRA STAFF REPORTER The paths of Old Campus were deserted at 8:30 a.m. on Labor Day — in contrast with the bustling scene on the New Haven Green where thousands of runners from Yale, New Haven and across the country geared up for the city’s 37th annual Road Race.

Roughly 6,300 runners registered for the event’s three races — a 20-kilometer, a 5-kilometer and a kids run — according to Race Director John Bysiewicz. He noted the humidity likely caused a lower turnout in this year’s race; last year’s drew nearly 7,000 runners. Bysiewicz estimated that at least 150 Yalies participated in the race, several of whom placed near the top of their age division.

Sara Locke ’17 placed first in the women’s 20K 13-19 division, Marcus Russi ’17 placed first in the respective men’s division and Colin Hemez ’18 placed second in his division of the 5K. The largest constituency of Yalies at the race came from Morse and Ezra Stiles Colleges, which each registered teams of over 50 students. Both colleges paid the registration fee for a limited number of runners and sent emails advertising the event to their college.

Operations Manager of Ezra

Stiles College Marc Levenson said that after Ezra Stiles Master Stephen Pitti proposed paying for registration two years ago, the college began covering about 30 students’ $35 registration for the 5K. As student interest in the race has increased, the college has raised the number of spots they will fund: last year, the college registered 50 students but this year they upped it to 60, as well as allowing students to sign up for the 20K. “[The Road Race] is a great way for people to get engaged in what’s going on [in] the city,” Levenson said. “Stiles made a big impression when they started two years ago, and it’s been a great way to show New Haven pride and Stiles pride.”

Ryan Reza ’17, who ran in the 5K, thought that his own residential college, Saybrook, should take up Morse and Stiles’ idea of paying for registration. He estimated that only five students from Saybrook ran the race this year. He said that in order to increase participation in the future, he will propose to the college council that Saybrook pay the registration fee.

In addition to Morse and Stiles, Trumbull college paid for its seven freshman counselors to participate in the run, according to Trumbull FroCo Lorraine James ’15. She said the Dean of Trumbull College Jasmina Besirevic-Regan started the tradition two years ago.

Other student groups and organizations also coordinated groups for the race. Yale Road Running, the University’s club running team, brought 34 students plus a faculty advisor, Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps had several participants, and the women’s crew team rallied eight rowers — including division winner Locke.

Locke, who decided to run the race less than 24 hours before it started, said she was surprised when she found out about her win. Locke ran under the name of her teammate Casey Wizner ’17 because Wizner registered for the race but was unable to compete due to tendinitis.

“Yesterday I said I would run for her, because why not?” said Locke, who ran the 20K in an hour 28 minutes and 37 seconds.

The 20K race began at 8:40 a.m. on Elm Street, wound around Yale University and through the Westville neighborhood, ending back on the Green. Two minutes after the 20K race started, at 8:42 am, the 5K began. For the first time, the race included separate starting lines for men and women in order to reduce congestion. Men started at the corner of Temple and Chapel and women started at the corner of Church and Chapel. The two courses joined on Trumbull Street.

POOJA SALHOTRA/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Over 150 Yale students participated in New Haven’s 37th annual Road Race, which included a 20-kilometer, Along the course, hundreds of fans were cheering, and several bands and DJs lined the course to rally the runners.

Although the road race began

in 1978 as a general run, in 1993 it became the National 20K championship. This year’s race featured three female Olympians: Amy Hastings, Blake Russell and Molly

Huddle, who won the women’s 20K. Contact POOJA SALHOTRA at pooja.salhotra@yale.edu .

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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT Students comply with OCS rules

“I’m shopping around for something to do that no one will like.” JERRY GARCIA MUSICIAN

2018 among most diverse FRESHMEN FROM PAGE 1

YDN

Students’ actively maintaining their worksheets has led to more accurate course demand statistics this fall.

SHOPPING FROM PAGE 1 The new actions taken by the Registrar’s Office comprise part of the changes to shopping period voted on by the Yale College faculty in February 2013. Though the University anticipated last year that the new guidelines would be implemented this fall, the majority of these changes — shortening shopping period by setting the same due date for all course schedules and adding a five-day schedule amendment period — have not yet been introduced.

The way so many students have been using OCS in the past … is, they’re walking down the aisle of a store and they’re dragging their cart behind them and throwing stuff into the basket.

GABRIEL OLSZEWSKI University registrar In order to shorten shopping period, Olszewski said, the University will need streamlined systems to allow the volume of students participating in course selection to move more quickly.

These accommodations have

yet to be fully developed, but the requests regarding OCS are a step in that direction, he added.

According to Olszewski, students seem to be complying with the requests to use OCS to actively maintain their worksheets and remove courses they are no longer considering in order to avoid artificially-inflated statistics. Compared to previous years, there are far fewer students with more than eight courses on their worksheets: The greatest number of courses one student has listed on OCS is now 50, but this number has reached 150 in the past, Olszewski said.

Olszewski said he has heard anecdotally that the numbers on course rosters for faculty — which are updated in real time based on students’ course selections on OCS — reflect the number of students who attend the actual class more accurately than in years past.

“The way so many students have been using OCS in the past — to continue the shopping metaphor — is, they’re walking down the aisle of a store and they’re dragging their cart behind them and throwing stuff into the basket,” Olszewski said.

Accurate data on course enrollment is crucial to course planning, particularly for large lecture courses like Michael Koelle’s “Principles of Biochemistry.” This year, Koelle said OCS informed him that he had 239 students shopping the course and roughly the same number of students showed up to the first class. Even though this num-

ber exceeded the capacity of the room and the number of teaching assistants assigned to the class, the OCS information allowed Koelle to find a larger classroom and recruit more teaching fellows immediately after the first day.

In addition to the emails and a welcome pop-up on OCS reminding students of the requests, the Registrar’s Office released a new interface for displaying course demand statistics last Wednesday. Previously the statistics were displayed in a frequently updated PDF, but now they are housed in a separate platform sorted by subject with drop-down menus. Olszewski said the new format is easier to use and understand and shows daily trends that students have requested.

Though more students have been following OCS guidelines, the majority of students interviewed reported that the shopping period experience has largely remained unchanged.

In addition, many students expressed frustration that the final exam schedule — which is usually accessible through OCS — is not yet viewable through a course worksheet, which may complicate course planning.

“It’s been hectic, it feels more disorganized than it was last year,” Lucia Baca ’17 said.

Course schedules are due at 5 p.m. on Sept. 8, 9 and 10 for the classes of 2018, 2017 and 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Contact NICOLE NG at nicole.ng@yale.edu .

Join the conversation.

Join the Yale Daily News.

continent under his leadership. Sixteen percent of freshmen also received a Pell Grant, a federally funded block grant for eligible low-income students.

One number that dropped slightly this year was the percentage of legacy students in the incoming class. Twelve percent of freshmen are sons or daughters of Yale alumni, according to Dunn.

While Dunn said being a legacy can give a student an advantage, he emphasized that each case is decided holistically and couched within the particular context of the candidate’s background and experiences.

Fifty-seven percent of the class of 2018 graduated from a public high school, a two percent rise from last year, and more than 1,000 different high schools are represented in the class.

As 40 percent of freshmen intend to major in a sciences, technology, engineering or mathematics field, the admissions office met its STEM recruitment goal for the third year running.

In addition to these statistics — which the University has published in past years — Quinlan said the office has also released a number of new metrics to reveal the multidimensional diversity of the Yale student body.

“My office needs to do a better job of talking about the type of student that comes here,” Quinlan said.

Until recently, diversity in college admissions was portrayed only in racial and socioeconomic terms, he said.

Although both remain critical measures of a class’s diversity, Quinlan added that by publishing other statistics such as the percentage of multilingual students or of students who have lived overseas, admissions officers can give outsiders a

glimpse of the diversity they see on a routine basis in the committee room.

For the first time, the admissions office publicized that 37 percent of this year’s freshmen class speak a language other than English as either their first language or as the primary language spoken at home.

Diversity allows Yale to prepare us to be leaders in a diverse world.

ELENA VAZQUEZ ’18 In addition, Dunn said that for the first year in recent memory, the admissions office has publicized the approximate percentage of students in the incoming freshmen class who identify as Latino — 10.4 percent. According to Dunn and Quinlan, this is the largest number of Latinos to enter the University since the office began tracking this data.

Still, in an email to the News, Dunn declined to provide any additional breakdown of ethnicity numbers, including the number of African-Americans and Native American students in the incoming class, citing the challenge of reconciling data from different reporting systems such as the Common Application and Yale’s Student Information System.

Quinlan echoed Dunn’s answer, adding that the admissions office has to walk a fine line between educating the community about the diversity represented in Yale’s applicant pool and also not putting too much stock into data points from small sample sizes.

Jim Patterson, an upper school dean at Harvard-Westlake, a Los Angeles private high school, said schools are understandably reluctant to release

precise numbers because of the zero-sum nature of college admissions.

“When you reveal the exact breakdown of a class, you create a perception that there are quotas,” he said.

Given the scrutiny that surrounds selective institutions such as Yale, media outlets may seize on year-to-year fluctuations at the expense of longerterm analysis, he added.

Although Quinlan said the office is actively looking for high-achieving students of color and from low-income backgrounds, he added that the diversification of the applicant pool and incoming classes must also be attributed to broader social forces such as the changing demographics of the country. He cited both the growth of the Latino population and the growing number of applicants from the Southwest relative to elsewhere in the country as two such examples.

Students interviewed said they see diversity as a benefit to their own educations.

Pratik Gandhi ’18, a student from Mumbai, India, said Yale’s diversity helps facilitate the kind of important global conversations that will shape the next century. He added that if he had attended university in India, he would have only heard one perspective of a number of critical issues.

“Diversity allows Yale to prepare us to be leaders in a diverse world,” Elena Vazquez ’18 said.

Vazquez added that students need to learn how to be comfortable as team members and leaders of communities with a variety of perspectives and backgrounds.

For the class of 2018, Yale admitted 1,935 students from an applicant pool of 30,932, making for an acceptance rate of 6.26 percent.

Contact RISHABH BHANDARI at rishabh.bhandari@yale.edu .

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PAGE 5

NEWS

“I must say I find television very educational.

The minute somebody turns it on, I go to the library and read a good book.”

GROUCHO MARX COMEDIAN

Renovations revitalize Sterling nave

BY AMANDA BUCKINGHAM STAFF REPORTER After three years of planning, restoration and construction, the nave of Sterling Memorial Library has been revitalized as a space for students, staff and other patrons.

From restored stained-glass windows to enhanced lighting to new technology-rich study spaces, the renovations touched all aspects of the nave in an attempt to both preserve the collegiate gothic style envisioned

by Sterling’s architect James Gamble Rogers and enhance the library’s technological offerings.

“Part of the success of what we’ve been able to do is restore the library to its original grandeur and reveal some beauty not as easily seen,” said David Helpern, founder of Helpern Architects, the practice that spearheaded the renovation plans in conjunction with Turner Construction Company. “James Gamble Rogers envisioned [Sterling] as something that looked to the future as well as the past. We wanted to be as true as possible to his vision,” he added.

To this end, Helpern said “every inch” of the stone surfaces, which had deteriorated in some places, was repaired, refinished and cleaned. Referencing the discovery of the stone surfaces to be multicolored sandstone and limestone, Director of Access Services Brad Warren said that the renovation revealed details obscured by the accumulation of 80 years of dirt and decay.

Warren added that the nave’s stained-glass windows experienced a similar process of restoration to reveal minute details in the artwork. With regard to the mural “Alma Mater,” associate University librarian for program development and research Kendall Crilly said that most atten-

tion was paid to the replacement of certain aspects of the plaster arbor that had gone missing. He added that the ceilings were also carefully cleaned.

One of the challenges of the restoration, which was financed by a $20 million donation made

by Richard Gilder ’54 and Lois Chiles, was striking a balance between preserving the original intent of the building’s architecture and modernizing it for the needs of the 21st century.

“Sterling Memorial Library was very deliberately and consciously designed using the architectural metaphor of a cathedral: This is Yale’s cathedral of learning and knowledge,” University Librarian Susan Gibbons said in an email.

In homage to this vision, when Sterling was built in the 1930s, the circulation desk acted as both an altar at the “crossing of the nave” and a barrier for students, who were not allowed into the book stacks. Because all students today may access the stacks, the barrier is no longer necessary, but removing the desk entirely would disrupt Rogers’ vision of Sterling. The compromise, Gibbons said, was to trim the size of the desk to allow patrons to pass by on either side.

The leftover wood, she added, was used for the construction of a new information desk on the north side of the nave, consolidating the former circulations, privileges and information desks. In the past, patrons had to decide which desk was most suited to their question, Gibbons said.

Rowillie Ross, evening and weekend teamleader in Sterling’s access services department, said that staff members at the desk have been cross-trained in the three areas of expertise.

In addition to this main desk, Helpern said that there are also

ELIZABETH MILES/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The recently unveiled renovations to the Sterling nave sought to restore the space to its traditional glory and enhance its technological capabilities. desks interspersed in the nave as a means of individual consultation that students can have with librarians.

He added that the most evident architectural change is the removal of some of Sterling’s card catalogs along the south aisle of the nave to create study spaces with seating, tables and upgraded computer workstations.

Further technological innovation comes in the form of variety of self-service features in the space formerly designated for circulations. Ross said that while Sterling had some self-service

features before, machines were often out-of-service or difficult to use. Now, the library is “completely self-service,” with features for both checking out books and retrieving items on hold, as well as more scanners and computer workstations.

More advanced security features, as well as modern heating, air conditioning, and LED lighting, have also been integrated into the nave.

“The nave is now lit in a way that could not have been done in James Gamble Rogers’s time,” Helpern said. In addition to historic lamps and natural light,

Helpern said “a lot of discrete uplighting” tucked away in the nave’s many balconies “flood” the space with light to showcase the nave’s beauty.

Students and administrators interviewed praised the renovated nave’s aesthetic appeal and commitment to tradition.

“It is nearly impossible to tell what wood, stone, glass and iron work is original to the building and what was crafted as part of this restoration,” Gibbons said.

Haesoo Park GRD ’18 said that the renovation reveals the exquisite patterns in the ceiling. Still, he added, though the seating

area harmonizes nicely with the rest of the nave, a greater number of desks in the area would have been more appealing to students. However, Nathaly Aramayo ’17, who works in Sterling’s stacks operations, said she believes the study environment makes the nave more patronfriendly and convenient.

In honor of the completed renovations, there will be an open house in Sterling Memorial Library from 3 to 5 p.m. on Sept.

18 with tours and refreshments.

Contact AMANDA BUCKINGHAM at amanda.buckingham@yale.edu .

Deck stacked against wild cards

BY ISABELLE TAFT STAFF REPORTER While incumbent Connecticut Gov. Dannel Malloy and Republican challenger Tom Foley butted heads during their first debate of the 2014 general election last Wednesday, two other candidates watched from the audience hoping to shape the outcome of the race despite their lack of major party support and recognition.

The experiences of Joe Visconti — who qualified to run by obtaining over 7,500 signatures of support — and former Democratic State Legislator and party official Jonathan Pelto, who failed to gather enough signatures to make the ballot, highlight the paradox faced by American third party candidates: their odds of victory are infinitesimal, but their potential to influence the outcome of a close race is incalculable, triggering anxiety among major party supporters.

Visconti, who submitted over 10,000 signatures to the Connecticut Secretary of the State, is best known for his support of gun rights and may siphon votes from Foley, according to Logan Dancey, an assistant professor of government at Wesleyan University.

On Aug. 29, Pelto announced that he had fallen short of the required 7,500 signatures, but the hostile response to his short-lived campaign from the Governor and traditionally democratic groups suggests concern that he might have won over some Malloy supporters.

Malloy, whom Pelto has criticized for his education policies, commented in midAugust that he doubted Pelto would qualify to run. Pelto said that two prominent teachers’ unions — the Connecticut Educators’ Association and the American Federation of Teachers Connecticut — refused to allow him to address their members or meet their leadership, despite his support for unions as a legislator and more recent public relations work for labor organizations.

“The message I got was I’m for democracy unless that democracy makes it more difficult for me to win, and then if democracy makes it more difficult for my opponent to win, I’m back for it,” Pelto said, referencing a lack of Democratic support for his candidacy coupled by Democratic rejoicing at Visconti’s.

Unlike Pelto, who was running as the candidate of the self-created Education and Democracy Party, Visconti will not appear as a member of any party on the ballot in November. The former West Hartford town councilman and Republican primary candidate said he chose not to create a new party because he considers himself a “national party platform Republican” and does not want to give up the Republican label.

Visconti said he believes he can win over fellow conservatives dissatisfied with Fol-

ey’s platform, especially on budget issues and gun rights.

So far, broad conservative support for Visconti does not seem to have materialized.

The Connecticut Citizens Defense League, a gun rights advocacy organization with 15,000 members, endorsed Foley on Aug. 29.

Jack Kuenzle ’17, a CCDL supporter and resident of Roxbury, Conn., said he will be voting for Foley and fears Visconti will split the Republican vote. Recent polls have shown Foley with a slim lead over Malloy.

“I’d like to see independents and third party candidates have more of a chance, but in this case in particular, I’d prefer Visconti to not run at all,” Kuenzle said.

Fears that third candidates will act as spoilers in Connecticut elections are not new. In 2010, Foley lost to Malloy by around 6,000 votes, and Republicans accused Independent Party candidate Tom Marsh of handing the race to the Democrats. Marsh won about two percent of the vote, more than the margin of victory.

Now the town manager of Windsor, VT, Marsh said he was a “convenient scapegoat” for Republicans seeking to explain their loss.

“I think there’s hostility when somebody like Pelto or myself leaves an established party and in a sense betrays the machine they’ve dealt with,” Marsh said.

Marsh said he ran to provide an alternative to the two major parties, which he believes have become increasingly polarized and beholden to their bases. Marsh was included in a number of debates and events with Foley and Malloy, but excluded from several others, including two televised debates.

Marsh said he was told by the editorial boards that he would not be included because his presence would take away time from the major candidates.

Visconti was excluded from the first debate, hosted by the Norwich Bulletin, but told the Hartford Courant he did not mind since it was planned before he qualified to run on Aug. 20. He said he hopes to attend future debates.

Chris Cooper, a spokesman for the Foley campaign, said Foley supports Visconti’s right to appear on the ballot, but will focus on running against the governor.

Dancey said he thinks Visconti’s biggest impact on the race could be influencing the issues discussed throughout the campaign.

“If Visconti were to gain traction, which is a pretty big if, but if he were able to gain traction, he could shape the race and the issues the candidates are talking about,” Dancey said.

Visconti captured 1.76 percent of the delegate votes at the Connecticut Republican Party convention in May. Contact ISABELLE TAFT at isabelle.taft@yale.edu .

PAGE 6

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT

“I make sure I sing a cappella to let people know I can sing.” T-PAIN SINGER-SONGWRITER

A cappella groups see decline in rushees

PETER SUWONDO/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The Singing Group Council, which oversees the a cappella rush process, imposed strict advertising rules this year in order to prevent unfair competition.

A CAPPELLA RUSH FROM PAGE 1 between groups. “[The drop] doesn’t really say anything about how a cappella is doing at Yale, but rather the class of 2018’s interest,” said Jae Seong No ’15, a member of the group Society of Orpheus and Bacchus and co-chair of the Singing Group Council, which oversees the a cappella rush process. “The fluctuation is not so drastic that we’re too concerned.”

Some singers interviewed said the strict advertising rules imposed by the SGC upon a cappella groups were detrimental to the popularity of rush this year.

The SGC regulates publicity for all a cappella groups in order to prevent unfair competition.

No said the SGC has always struggled with publicity because rush is so early in the year, and it is hard to know which freshmen may be interested in the a cappella community — making it difficult to target outreach efforts.

Probst added that the only real way for individual groups to publicize themselves is by word of mouth, and that strategy does not always reach freshmen.

Still, some singers said the competitive nature of a cappella rush may intimidate freshmen and discourage them from

rushing. A group may take only a handful of singers from a pool of possibly more than a hundred rushees, and the rush process can be very stressful for those involved. Just a year ago the Singing Group Council moved to shorten and streamline the rush process, partly with the aim of making it a better experience for freshmen.

“It is a crazy time because people are getting used to college and classes and they have to do this in the first two weeks of school,” Probst said. “It’s really awful for the freshmen.”

Though Shannon Compton ’18 was initially interested in partic-

New activities fee awaits approval ACTIVITIES FROM PAGE 1 changing economic situations and student needs. The last time Yale’s SAF increased was 2009.

“We are not going to be able to provide the same quality of student experiences that Yale College students have come to expect with the fee where it is now,” said YCC President Michael Herbert ’16.

But though the YCC voted in support of a fee increase last semester, the change will not be implemented this year.

After handing the matter to the Yale College Dean’s Office for execution in the spring, the YCC received notice from Dean of Student Affairs Marichal Gentry that the YCDO was uncomfortable making the change while students were away from campus for the summer. According to Herbert, Gentry also encouraged the YCC to publicize its decision more broadly and invite more campus feedback before the fee was increased.

Gentry did not respond to requests for comment.

“It was such a high priority at the end of last year. …

We thought we had made more progress than we had,” Feeley said. “At the end of the day, there were just miscommunications between the old board and the administration, and it just wasn’t feasible.”

YCC members interviewed said they appreciate and agree with the administration’s emphasis on gathering student feedback before making any official changes in policy.

Still, many said they believe that last year’s council sufficiently publicized the vote and the discussions surrounding the SAF without receiving much criticism.

The YCC held a meeting, advertised to the student body, to discuss the issue last spring.

However, only a handful of non-YCC students attended.

Feeley said this could indicate apathy or misinformation about the issue, but it might also reflect the student body’s lack of concern about raising the SAF. The YCC’s website currently includes a page explaining the argument for a higher fee.

“There has not been a lot of student opposition,” Herbert

said. “There seems to be kind of a consensus opinion that it needs to be addressed this year.”

Herbert said he expects the issue of raising the SAF to be resolved before December, which is when financial aid packages go out to students admitted under Yale’s early action program.

To meet [students’] expectations, we definitely need more money. And no one understands the gravity of it.

ELI RIVKIN ’15 Former events director, YCC Herbert said the assumption at the meeting where the vote took place was that financial aid packages would grow to cover the higher SAF. He added that no administrators have expressed any doubt to him that this would be possible.

Currently, students can opt out of paying the SAF, and Herbert said this would continue to be an option under the proposed fee. However, the process of opting out would be more extensive, involving sending a message to the YCDO explaining the decision to opt out instead of simply clicking a button, he added.

Yale is one of only two Ivy League schools, Harvard being the other, that offer an optout option from the SAF. Eight percent of Yale’s student body opted out of the fee last year.

Last year’s SAF brought in a total of $372,450 — 15 percent of which was allocated toward club sports, 35 percent toward student organizations and 50 percent toward student government — the majority of which was used for events like Spring Fling. Undergraduate Organizations Committee Director Tina Yuan ’16 and last year’s Spring Fling Committee Chair Erica Leh ’15 both said the SAF increase would bring with it discussions about reshuffling the current allocation percentages.

Yuan and Leh agreed that more money should be available for student organizations because more students are involved with them than attend Spring Fling. Yuan, who also served on the UOC last year, said the committee is only able to grant about one third of the total amount of requested money to student organizations each year.

“A lot of times, when I’m approving applications [for funding], I’m thinking about financial constraints … not the vibrancy of the applications,” Yuan said.

Yuan said she has urged groups to request money for events rather than administrative costs to make their funding applications more compelling.

Still, she said the ideal situation is to have enough money from the SAF that all groups’ needs can be fulfilled.

Former YCC Events Director Eli Rivkin ’15 said improving events is a primary motivation for increasing the SAF. In the years since the last SAF increase, he said, the business model of the entertainment industry has changed substantially, and it has become a larger financial strain to invite popular artists to campus.

“To meet [students’] expectations, we definitely need more money,” Rivkin said.

“And no one understands the gravity of it.”

This past year, Leh said, the Spring Fling Committee’s talent budget was just a third of those at the University of Pennsylvania, Cornell and Brown. Although some of these schools have larger student bodies, their students also pay higher SAFs, allowing them to have more artists of better quality, she said.

But Leh said that if the SAF were increased, the first thing she would suggest to the Spring Fling Committee would be to hire more contracted laborers. In recent years, the committee could not afford as many laborers as they needed for setup and takedown, so those responsibilities often fell squarely on the committee members’ shoulders.

Yale first implemented an optional SAF of $50 in 2005.

Contact WESLEY YIIN at wesley.yiin@yale.edu .

ipating in a cappella at Yale, she said she found the rush process daunting because of the prospect of many rounds of auditions and other obstacles.

Instead, she said chose to consider other musical opportunities on campus.

“I’m someone with more interest than experience, so I didn’t think the rushing experience would be good for me,” Compton said.

A cappella members interviewed said the competitive vibe also creates a divide among the groups who compete to attract the same singers, and can lead to a tense atmosphere that may seem

unappealing to freshmen.

Ladjevardian admitted that she wished the atmosphere were more positive, adding that rush can quickly turn negative and slanderous.

Daniel Dangaran ’15, former rush manager of the Alley Cats, said that each moment of rush is carefully planned out, from what the group is wearing to who is singing the solo.

“There’s obviously tension,” Probst said. “Everyone wants good people and no one wants to be in a bad position with people they didn’t actively want. It’s a very hard situation because we are a close-knit community of

people with the same interests, and because of that it does cause people to say and do things they normally wouldn’t do.”

Still, a cappella singers said they are not too concerned because there are still enough people auditioning for all groups this year to fill the available slots. If the numbers continue to decline in the future, No said the SGC will be forced to evaluate possible ways to reverse the trend.

Fifteen a cappella groups are registered with the SGC. Contact ROHAN NAIK at rohan.naik@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 7

BULLETIN BOARD

TODAY’S FORECAST

TOMORROW

Patchy fog before 8am. Otherwise, mostly sunny, with a high near 87.

THURSDAY

High of 84, low of 57.

High of 84, low of 64.

DOONESBURY BY GARRY TRUDEAU

ON CAMPUS TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 2 4:30 p.m. Extremism in Contemporary Greek Political Culture. Antonis Ellinas, Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Cyprus, will be giving a talk on the extremism of contemporary Greek culture, open to the general public. Luce Hall (34 Hillhouse Ave.), Rm. 202.

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 3 10:00 a.m. Historic Papermaking Demonstration. Come to a series of events about hand papermaking presented by The Bibliographical Press at Yale University Library, and the Yale Program in the History of the Book at the Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library. Wednesday morning will feature historic papermaking techniques with five demonstrations scheduled on the half hour between 10 a.m. and 12 p.m. Artists Drew Matcott and Margaret Mahan of the Peace Paper Project will work as a team to demonstrate how paper was made in Europe for centuries. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library (121 Wall

XKCD BY RANDALL MUNROE

St.).

12:30 p.m. The Milt Hinton Photographic Collection: A Personal History. Come listen to David G. Berger and Holly Maxson, co-directors of the Milton J. Hinton Photographic Collection, as they discuss jazz bassist Milt Hinton’s life, legacy, music and photographs. They will also offer their thoughts on the exhibition “Jazz Lives: The Photographs of Lee Friedlander and Milt Hinton.” Yale University Art Gallery (1111 Chapel St.).

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 4 4:00 p.m. DeVane Lecture: Introduction to Natural Selection and Sexual Selection; and the Darwin-Wallace Debate. Richard O. Prum, the William Robertson Coe Professor of Ornithology, Ecology, and Evolutionary Biology is presenting a series of lectures this semester titled “The Evolution of Beauty: From Warblers to Warhol.” Osborn Memorial Laboratories (165 Prospect St.), Rm. 202.

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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

SPORTS

“I’ve worked too hard and too long to let anything stand in the way of my goals.”

MISTY MAY-TREANOR THREE TIME BEACH VOLLEYBALL GOLD MEDALIST

Volleyball ready to defend Ivy crown

BY ERICA PANDEY STAFF REPORTER The women’s volleyball team looks to build on last year’s success — the Elis won their fourthstraight Ivy League championship in 2013 — as it opens the season with the Yale Invitational this weekend.

The women will host Minnesota on Friday, then Albany and Boston College on Saturday at the Lanman Center in Payne Whitney Gym. The Bulldogs’ first opponent, Minnesota, is currently ranked 18th in Division I. The team is ready to test its strength after practicing under head coach Erin Appleman and her new assistant coach Brandon McGourn.

“The chemistry between our coaching staff is really great right now,” Appleman said. “[McGourn] is really good in the gym, and he comes from a championship background,” McGourn joins the Bulldogs’ coaching staff after serving as an assistant coach at Springfield College, and the Pride won three

Division-III national championships during his tenure.

Appleman also commended captain Mollie Rogers ’15 for her leadership thus far, saying that she has pushed the team to function as a cohesive unit.

We are all very excited for our season opener this Friday against Minnesota.

MOLLIE ROGERS ’15 Captain, women’s volleyball team Rogers, an outside hitter who is ranked 10th in the history of Yale volleyball with 802 kills and an average of 3.07 kills per set throughout her Yale volleyball career, was one of three Elis to be named first-team all-Ivy last season, joining setters Kendall Polan ’14 and Kelly Johnson ’16. Libero Maddie Rudnick

’15 and outsider hitter Brittani Steinberg ’17 were selected as members of the all-Ivy second team. Although the team will be without a three-time Ivy League Player of the Year in Polan, the class of 2018 is poised to help the Elis retool, rather than rebuild in the star setter’s absence.

Rogers said that the team’s freshmen are all ready to play at a high level and will be great additions this year.

“We are all very excited for our season opener this Friday against Minnesota,” Rogers said. “They are a talented team, and we are up for the challenge.”

She noted that the women are looking to bring home the Ivy League title again this year.

Last year, the Bulldogs finished 13–1 against Ivy foes. The Bulldogs have been the defending champions of the Ancient Eight for four straight years.

Steinberg said the women are focusing on one game at a time, and she and Appleman agreed that the team and the

coaches will expect a high level of intensity from each other throughout this season.

Appleman said the goal is to be the most improved team in the Ivy League.

“We want to be better in December than we are in August,” she added. “Whether it’s passes or hits or kills, we want to be improving every day. We’re still figuring out what ‘Yale Volleyball 2014’ is, and what we can do to make this team as successful as it has been in the past.”

Appleman added that each team has found its specialty in the past and that she is excited to find out what that will be for this year’s team.

She said that she has been “thrilled” with what she has seen on the court thus far.

After opening at home this weekend, the Yale women will travel to Villanova, Pa. to play Kansas, Penn State and Villanova in the Villanova Classic.

Contact ERICA PANDEY at erica.pandey@yale.edu .

YDN

Kelly Johnson ’16 (No. 11) was second on the team in kills last season.

Volleyball Season Preview Brown DIANE SHORT 22th season

KEY GAMES SEPT. 5 OCT. 3 OCT. 24 NOV. 15

@ SAN DIEGO @ DARTMOUTH @YALE PRINCETON

Following their most successful Ivy League campaign since 2005, the Bears enter the 2014 season with heightened expectations for a similar performance. Brown tied for third in the Ivy League with an 8–6 conference record, its first conference finish above 0.500 in eight years. If it hopes to remain strong, Brown will need to utilize its young talent, especially with the recent graduations of three key players. One main contributor who graduated was outside hitter Thea Derrough, who was named first-team all-Ivy last year. Senior outside hitter Maddie Lord was named second-team all-Ivy as a junior last season and will continue to lead the team. The Brown Bears will open their Ivy season at home against Yale on Sept. 26.

Cornell MELISSA BATIE-SMOOSE 3rd season

KEY GAMES SEOT. 21 OCT. 11 OCT. 17 NOV. 7

@SYRACUSE DARTMOUTH @YALE BROWN

KERRY CARR 17th season

KEY GAMES SEPT. 3 SEPT. 26 OCT. 24 NOV. 15

@STANFORD PRINCETON @PRINCETON @YALE

BRIE KATZ 1st season

KEY GAMES BUCKNELL @PENN @YALE @HARVARD

SEPT. 5 OCT. 3 OCT. 18 NOV. 14

ERIN LINDSEY 4TH season

KEY GAMES SEPT. 12 OCT. 3 OCT. 31 NOV. 15

@ST. JOHN’S BROWN @YALE COLUMBIA

The Quakers have steadily climbed up the Ivy League standings each season for the past three years and will hope to either maintain or improve on their third place finish from 2013. The team will need to fill a void left by the graduated libero Dani Shephard, who was named Ivy League Defensive Player of the Year for the second year in a row after finishing 12th in the country in digs per set with 5.52. Freshman Emmy Friedler will likely replace Shephard at libero, while many experienced starters from the class of 2016, including setters Ronnie Bither and Alex Caldwell as well as outside hitter Alexis Genske, will return to their positions. Penn will host two tournaments and compete in another at Stanford before beginning Ivy play against Princeton Sept. 26.

SABRINA KING 4TH season

KEY GAMES SEPT. 12 OCT. 3 OCT. 24 NOV. 14

@DELAWARE CORNELL PENN @YALE

Harvard

11-15 (4-10) T-6th

Dartmouth will look to a more experienced core lineup in its hopes to improve on its 4–10 conference record last season. The team will suffer from the graduation of Elisa Scudder, who was named first-team all-Ivy last season after ranking among the top in the conference in hitting percentage, aces, blocks and points, but all other players return to the squad in 2014. That includes Stacey Benton, who was third in the Ancient Eight with 9.16 assists per set in her freshman season, as well as Emily Astarita and Paige Caridi, who ranked top 10 in the conference in kills per set last season. Caridi was honorable mention all-Ivy as a sophomore last season. The Big Green will host its first three Ivy League matchups, the third of which will be against Yale on Oct. 4.

Princeton

14-11 (8-6) T-3rd

6-17 (4-10) T-6th

Last season, Columbia finished with the worst overall record in the Ivy League at 6–17, just a year after placing second in the Ancient Eight in 2012. The Lions will be looking to bounce back this upcoming season, and a new head coach in Brie Katz, the team’s former associate head coach, may be the key to their resurgence. Or it could be the strong set of players returning to the squad, which lost just two players to graduation last season. Outside hitter Bailey Springer led the Ivy League in both kills per set and points last season and returns as a junior in 2014, while setter Jennifer Petrovich was fifth in the conference with 7.40 assists per set in her freshman campaign in 2013. The team also returns senior Charlee Dyroff, who was sidelined due to injury last year and will captain the team alongside Katarina Jovicic.

Dartmouth

8-16 (4-10) T-6th

Last season was Cornell’s fifth straight in the bottom half of the Ivy League standings, and this year the Big Red will be depending on its newcomers to reverse that trend. The team lost nine players from last year’s roster, including three of the five players who played in every set last season. Seven freshmen have joined the Big Red to fill those holes alongside just four returners. Those veterans are proven impact players, however, as senior libero Natasha Rowland is one of the strongest liberos in the Ivy League, while middle hitter Macey Wilson and setter Alyssa Phelps both ranked top-two in the conference in blocks and assists, respectively. Cornell will compete in three separate tournaments before Ivy League play begins, and will play at Yale on Oct. 17.

Penn

Columbia

12-13 (8-6) T-3rd

JENNIFER WEISS 22ND season

KEY GAMES SEPT. 5 OCT. 3 OCT. 11 NOV. 1

SANTA CLARA YALE @COLUMBIA @YALE

Princeton returns one of the most experienced squads in the Ivy League this season, and the Tigers again look to be an offensive powerhouse. Princeton finished the 2013 campaign third in the Ivy League in hitting percentage and second in kills per set, and nearly every contributor will return to the Tigers this year. Cara Mattaliano and Kendall Peterkin were in the top three in the conference in both kills and points per set last year, as well as in the top 10 in service aces per set. The team will need to improve defensively, however, if it hopes to improve on its fifth-place Ivy finish from last season. The Tigers were eighth in blocks and sixth in digs last season and will look to improve on those numbers with five new players from the class of 2018.

The only Ivy team to have taken a match from Yale since 2011, Harvard is likely looking at 2014 as the most opportune year to snap the Bulldogs’ four-year championship stranglehold on the Ivy League. The Crimson did not graduate any of the seven players who played in all 23 of its matches last year, and many of those players were among the top in the conference at their positions in 2013.

Setter Corinne Bain beat out Yale’s Kendall Polan ’14 to lead the Ivy League in service aces in her freshman season last year, while outside hitters Kathleen Wallace and Grace Weghorst return after leading the team in kills per set. Harvard will first host Yale on Oct. 3, and then will play at the Lee Amphitheater on Nov. 1.

Yale

10-14 (6-8) 5th

ERIN APPLEMAN 12th season

KEY GAMES SEPT. 13 OCT. 3 NOV. 1 NOV. 15

PENN ST. @NOVA @HARVARD HARVARD PENN

14-9 (9-5) 2nd

20-5 (13-1) 1st

Four straight Ivy League championships. Four straight NCAA tournament appearances. An Ivy League-record 23-game conference win streak. Suffice it to say: the past four years have been kind to the Yale volleyball team. This year, however, the Elis will face new challenges. The squad will square off against two nationally ranked foes in its first fives games, including a Sept. 13 showdown against perennial powerhouse Penn State. And for the first time since 2009, the squad will enter the season without three-time Ivy League Player of the Year Kendall Polan ’14, who graduated in May. Still, the Elis figure to be a major factor in the Ivy League behind the leadership of head coach Erin Appleman and captain Mollie Rogers ’15. Including Rogers, Yale returns four 2013 all-Ivy selections — the others being libero Maddie Rudnick ’15, setter Kelly Johnson ’16 and outside hitter Brittani Steinberg ’17. They will be joined by a recruiting class which was ranked in the top 50 nationally by PrepVolleyball.com. While the last four years may be tough to top, this Bulldog squad certainly appears prepared to tackle the upcoming season.

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Shopping, gambling addiction linked

BY BEN FAIT STAFF REPORTER Black Friday can be just as addictive as blackjack, and researchers at the Yale School of Medicine are investigating why.

The team surveyed 2,100 Connecticut high school students to search for links between addictive shopping behaviors and pathological gambling, two behaviors previously associated with unhealthy habits like alcohol abuse and physical altercations. The research is the first to examine the common behavioral factors between the two types of addiction in adolescents.

By understanding behavioral similarities between pathological gambling and shopping, researchers and clinicians may be able to design better treatment for all types of addictions, said Sarah Yip, a postdoctoral fellow in psychiatry and lead study author.

“The more we know, the better,” Yip said. “At the moment there are more well-validated treatments that exist for things like gambling than things like shopping. Understanding shared features helps us understand how to improve treatments.”

Addictive shopping risk was identified in the study by asking participants questions similar to those used to diagnose pathological gambling and other addictions.

Questions included whether or not participants experienced the irrepressible urge to buy things, anxiety that could only be alleviated with shopping, or if they missed school or work to go shopping. A 2006 study in the American Journal of Psychiatry estimated that 5.8 percent of adults in the US are problem shoppers.

The current study found that adolescents who were at risk for problematic gambling were more likely to report a tension or anxiety that could only be relieved by shopping. Additionally, those identified as at risk for problematic shopping were more likely to report concern over the gambling behavior of a family member. Yip said this data suggests that risk for problem shopping could be socially or even biologically transmitted within a family, but cautioned that more research was necessary.

Yip said the inspiration for the

study came from data suggesting that adolescents addicted to gambling and adolescents addicted to shopping tended to engage in similar types of unhealthy behaviors, suggesting a connection between the two disorders in adolescents.

The study is notable for examining adolescent addiction, said Jon Grant, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral neuroscience at the University of Chicago who was not involved in the study.

“This is a growing area of interest because this seems to be the age group where these behavioral addictions start rearing their heads,” Grant said. “[This research] becomes important for early education, screening, and prevention efforts. Parents can get complacent about this age group, saying, ‘Thank goodness my child doesn’t use drugs!’ But that doesn’t mean the adolescent doesn’t have problems with other behaviors.”

Grant added that behavioral addictions such as pathological gambling and problem shopping often lead to mental health issues and substance abuse. Grant cited the example of depression, which may be caused by financial strain due to problem shopping or gambling, and therefore more effectively treated at its source.

Yip said behavioral addiction is becoming a much more accepted pathology in psychiatry.

The recently-released fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders places pathological gambling in the newlycreated category of behavioral addictions. In the previous edition of the DSM, pathological gambling was not labeled an addiction.

Marc Potenza, the senior author of the paper and Yale professor of psychiatry, said that the study represents only a first step in investigating behavioral addictions.

“As the data are cross-sectional, they in some ways raise more questions than they answer in a definitive way,” Potenza said in an email.

“As such, we believe further study of the intersection of these behaviors, and how they may interact over time, is warranted.”

The study was published in Journal of Gambling Studies.

Contact BEN FAIT at benjamin.fait@yale.edu .

THAO DO/STAFF ILLUSTRATOR

In-group punishment emerges early

BY ERIN WANG CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Children as young as six years of age are willing to sacrifice Skittles to create a more just society.

Previous research has documented that even in infancy, children prefer members of their own social or cultural groups, while adults will punish members of these in-groups less harshly than those in out-groups for antisocial behavior. Now, for the first time, a team of researchers from Yale and Harvard has examined the developmental trajectory of this bias for the first time. The study found that while humans are naturally inclined to be biased in response to selfish behavior, the bias can be partially overcome during development, said Jillian Jordan GRD ’19, a doctoral student in the Yale psychology department and coauthor of the paper.

“As a social psychologist, I would just say that the findings are striking for how early this complex form of in-group favoritism occurs,” said Susan Fiske, a professor at Princeton University and one of the paper’s editors.

Previous studies have shown that starting in infancy, humans learn to recognize an in-group and out-group. For instance, children prefer puppets that have the same physical characteristics or speak with the same accent as themselves. Other research has demonstrated that adults often show in-group favoritism when punishing unfair behavior, even if the punishable act does not directly affect them and a cost must be paid to intervene.

This study was the first to bridge the gap between infant in-group bias and adult norm enforcement by investigating the development of in-group bias in children’s reactions to selfish behavior.

“Past research shows that children will take actions to prevent unfairness from happening to themselves, but the open question was whether they might also

YDN

By studying in-group bias in children’s reactions to selfish behavior, researchers from Yale and Harvard have bridged the gap between infant in-group bias and adult norm enforcement. pay to prevent unfairness from happening to other people,” said Katherine McAuliffe, a postdoctoral fellow in the Yale Psychology Department and coauthor of the paper.

In the study, children were assigned to either a blue or a yellow in-group according to their favorite color. The researchers confirmed this simple assignment created a bias where the young children displayed a preference for those wearing the same color party hat as their group assignment.

The children then witnessed one child treating another

unfairly by keeping six Skittles to himself and sharing none with another child. Based on whether the perpetrators and victims were members of the blue or yellow group, the researchers hoped to determine how children’s willingness to intervene at a personal cost depends on in-group bias.

The children participating in the study could condone this unfair allocation by placing one of their own Skittles into a green box, or reject the allocation by sacrificing their own Skittles by placing them into a red box. At the end of the study, the child was allowed to bring all Skittles

from the green box home, but all Skittles in the red box would be thrown away.

The study found that six-yearold children were more likely to engage in costly punishment in response to one child treating another child unfairly when the actor was an out-group member and the recipient was an in-group member. Eight-year-old children were also more likely to punish out-group members for unfair behavior, but they were equally likely to punish unfair behavior on behalf of in-group and outgroup recipients.

The study suggests that chil-

dren’s default sense of morality is biased from the start but their partiality can be overcome with age, Jordan said.

The results of this study are inconsistent with the “blacksheep effect,” which predicts that people usually punish in-group members for violating social norms or traditions more harshly than out-group members. The researchers attribute these contradictory findings to the fact that selfish behavior is not a particular norm violation.

The study did not investigate the developmental changes occurring between ages six and

eight that caused this to the slight decline in in-group bias.

Jordan also said that this study only focused on two different social groups. Since there are many more groups outside the laboratory, the results of the study may not directly translate.

“Research shows that [two groups] primes a competitive mindset, but in everyday life, there are all sorts of groups,” she said.

The study was published in the journal PNAS on Aug. 18.

Contact ERIN WANG at erin.wang@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 11

“Whoever said money can’t buy happiness simply didn’t know where to go shopping.”

BO DEREK ACTRESS

Shared genetics in humans, worms and flies

BY HEDY GUTFREUND CONTRIBUTING REPORTER A new Yale-led study may show that humans, worms and flies are, on a fundamental level, not so different.

The researchers performed a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome — or product of genetic information — across the three species. The team, headed by Yale professor of molecular biophysics and biochemistry Mark Gerstein, discovered similarities in how key regions of the genome are expressed. This striking similarity allows researchers to investigate humans by looking at the genomes of worms and flies, facilitating research that would otherwise be unethical. The findings appeared in the journal Nature on Aug. 27, 2014.

“I think the big implications for the paper are when you can find something really ancient and really conserved,” Gerstein said. “It helps you better annotate and understand the human genome.”

While past research had created similar quantitative models of gene regulation, the new study produced a more detailed model of how and when different genes are expressed. To build the models, researchers took RNA sequences from the three organisms and performed the same analysis on each species to facilitate comparison between flies, worms and humans.

The first model found an area of the genome in humans, worms and flies that was expressed in concert. The

model revealed 16 areas in the genome with this pattern of activity across the three species, and Gerstein said many play important roles in development. The other model analyzed histones, structures in the nucleus of cells that are key in regulating gene expression. This second analysis revealed that regions important in controlling gene expression were found in similar locations of the worm, fly and mouse genomes.

In sum, the models reveal that gene regulation is conserved among the species, said Daifeng Wang, a study author and Yale postdoctoral associate in molecular biophysics and biochemistry.

This new insight into evolutionary genetics across species enhances researchers’ understanding of human genetics, and the implications of this study are broad, said Deyou Zhang, a professor of genetics at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine.

“For most of our research, we cannot use humans [for experiments],” he said. “So this means that we can use worms or flies as a model.

People should use this data for their own research.”

For Gerstein, the research also holds promise for interpreting individual genomes and personalizing treatment for conditions such as cancer.

According to the Human Genome project, the human genome contains approximately three billion base pairs of DNA. Contact HEDY GUTFREUND at hedy.gutfreund@yale.edu .

ANNELISA LEINBACH/ILLUSTRATIONS EDITOR

Q&A: Pharmacogenetics advances personalized medicine

BY NISHANT JAIN CONTRIBUTING REPORTER John Hwa is a professor of medicine and the director of cardiovascular pharmacogenetics at Yale School of Medicine. Along with Dartmouth genetics professor Jason H. Moore, Hwa recently coauthored an editorial in the journal Current Molecular Medicine. The article, titled “Pharmacogenetics and Molecular Medicine: ‘So Close and Yet So Far’” introduces a new review series of eight articles contributed by different researchers in the field of pharmacogenomics. The News sat down with Hwa and his colleague, Yale postdoctoral fellow Jeremiah Stitham, to understand the latest advances in the field. would you define the QHow fields of pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine to the general public? What are the basic underlying principles and ideas?

H

About 100,000 people die each year from adverse side effects to medications, and millions of others have some sort of harmful drug reaction. The idea of pharmacogenetics is to try and figure out, based on genetics, who is going to suffer problems and who will benefit the most from taking a particular drug. Though there are actually many definitions out there, the simplest definition is that it is a combination of pharmacology and genetics: pharmacogenetics. It is the use of genetic data to understand how a disease process is influenced by genetics, progresses as a result of genetics, and responds to drugs.

In terms of the pharmacology, there are two main components, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics: the former dealing with how genetics influences the drug’s effect on the disease and the latter dealing with how genetics influences the metabolism of the drug.

your lab specializes in carQAsdiovascular medicine, what has been the core focus of your research in particular?

H

Commonly used drugs that are taken for pain, arthritis and fever can have a profound effect on the cardiovascular system and one of the main reasons for this is because of problems with [the molecules] prostacyclin and thromboxane. This has

become a very major concern in cardiovascular medicine and the clinical sciences. I am part of a large consortium based at the University of Pennsylvania that has come together to address this problem. We are trying to figure out who would benefit from these common drugs without adverse side effects and who should be careful about taking these medications: essentially the concept of personalized medicine. Currently, my lab is focusing our efforts on the diabetic population, because they are particularly at risk for cardiovascular diseases. We have all the tools now and are beginning to make sense of the data. There is no doubt that in the near future, we will be able to predict who is going to have adverse side effects as a result of a drug and who is going be fine and benefit from the treatment.

S

That is basically the third component of pharmacogenomics: the first two being how genetics affects drug response and drug metabolism and the final component being how it is going to affect people with adverse reactions.

is going to be a collaboration that makes sense of the massive data sets that are being generated and applies this knowledge to clinical practice. title of your editorial, QInyouthestate that the scientific community in this field is “so close and yet so far.” What are the major challenges currently faced by the fields of pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine?

S

Even if you are successful on the basic research side and you identify important mutations and the effects that they have on drug response, you end up with a large amount of problems afterwards. How are you going to implement that test in the clinic?

Who is going to pay for it? What do you do as an alternative if you find out that a drug is not safe, or that it is less responsive for a certain population? What do you recommend that physicians do at that point? Essentially there are challenges on both sides of the

spectrum. Like [Hwa] said, it is difficult to interrogate all of this genomic data, but as we make sense of the information, there are also hurdles with translating this knowledge on the clinical side and putting it to practical use.

H

There is also the ethical side of the issue as there is a lot of responsibility that comes with handling all of this sensitive genetic information. What if a medical insurance company gets access to your genetic information and exploits it to make a profit? The government has recognized this potential threat, and has begun to put regulations and laws into place to prevent discrimination based on genetics.

A lot of it is still gray territory at the moment and will need to be addressed as the field matures.

also mention that “treQYou mendous progress has been made to address these limitations.” What are the steps being

taken to overcome these hurdles facing the field?

H

In terms of the need for cross-disciplinary collaboration, the [National Institutes of Health] has really pushed progress forward. They are funding many projects that are based upon cross-disciplinary endeavors and putting a lot of money into sequencing. They also are providing bioinformatics resources and information for the scientific community to explore.

On the ethical side of things, certainly the government is trying to bring in legislation to prevent genetic discrimination.

The questions brought up by these forays into genomic medicine have led to new areas of study: many institutions now have experts in medical ethics and HIPAA training is mandatory. Certainly for our studies, Yale requires us to comply with strict requirements specified by an [institutional review board]. Consent agreements to

take part in human studies have also become significantly longer and more detailed, to fully inform potential subjects of what they are signing up for. do you see as the future QWhat of pharmacogenomics and

what impact do you think that it can have on medicine as a whole?

H

Ultimately, I have no doubt that everyone is going to have their whole genomes sequenced, and scientists will be able to figure out the genetic basis of disease and how genetics influences drug therapy and disease response. Whether that is going to happen tomorrow, or in ten years, I do not know. Having said that, genetics is not the only factor. The environment is a huge component at well. The interaction between the environment, genetics and disease processes needs to be studied.

Contact NISHANT JAIN at nishant.jain@yale.edu .

recent advances and QWhich discoveries have been “game-

changers?” Have any new experimental techniques and technologies really impacted the way the scientific community studies this field?

H

One major advance has been the advent of genetic sequencing. Back in 2001, sequencing used to cost a fortune, but now prices have gotten significantly lower. Wholegenome sequencing now costs a few thousand dollars, and the price is going to drop even further. I have no doubt that one day everyone will sequence his or her genome.

In many ways, we are overwhelmed with data from all of these sources. The real question now is the hypothesis-generation procedure: how are you going to make sense of all of this information? Certainly with an area like pharmacogenetics, there is a vast amount of data that is being collected, at multiple levels, and ultimately it is going to be a cross-disciplinary collaboration between the basic scientists, the translational scientists, the clinicians, the bioinformaticists, and the outcomes specialists. It

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MEN’S CROSS COUNTRY REGIONAL RANKINGS While the Bulldogs finished 5th at last season’s Ivy League Heptagonal Championships, the squad has garnered national attention in the preseason, receiving six votes in this year’s first national poll.

“The chemistry between our coaching staff is really great right now.”

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Speck ’15 leads w. soccer into season

BY SYDNEY GLOVER STAFF REPORTER Midfielder Meredith Speck ’15 comes from a soccer family.

Speck’s two older sisters played at Georgetown and Boston University, and she followed in their footsteps when she was offered a spot on the team at Yale.

But she then went beyond what her sisters managed to do, becoming the captain of her varsity squad in her senior year.

“Being named captain by a group of girls I respect so much was the greatest honor I have ever received,” Speck said. “I have always just tried to focus on being the best teammate I could possibly be and do everything within my ability to help the team.”

The captain’s last year on the Yale women’s soccer team could not be tougher, with an enormous freshman class joining the squad.

Establishing her voice as captain was crucial in the first few practices, and she was able to do so, especially among the freshmen.

“I came into the team not really knowing what to expect but Meredith has been a great captain,” midfielder Aria Pearlman Morales ’18 said. “She made all the underclassmen feel included and at home with the team right away.”

Speck quickly established herself as a star on the squad. She has been selected to the first team allIvy League team twice, once in her freshman year and once in her junior year. She started every game in those two years as well, but could only play eight games during her sophomore year due to injury.

Speck’s contribution amounted to more than impressive personal performance, however, as her leadership among her teammates has been evident in prior seasons.

“Meredith was very encouraging on the field last year, and whenever anyone messed up, she was very constructive and patient,” forward Karina Kovalcik ’17 said.

Being named captain by a group of girls I respect so much was the greatest honor I have ever received.

MEREDITH SPECK ’15 Captain, Women’s soccer team Besides helping her teammates on the field, Speck helps the Athletic Department off the field as a paid intern for the coaching support staff, a job she has held since her freshman year.

Head coach Rudolph Meredith said that Speck’s leadership off the field extended to her playing.

He also explained that he had no influence on the decision for Speck to be the captain.

“It is a Yale policy that the vote for captain is entirely up to the team,” he said. “The coaches have nothing to do with it.”

The role of captain will be a bit tougher this year than in previous ones, as the team’s freshman class is composed of 10 athletes.

Head coach Meredith said that the coaches will help Speck with such

a large group of teammates, and she will help them when they need it.

Both teammates and coaches, however, have noted that Speck has demonstrated leadership skills and a strong work ethic since becoming a Bulldog.

“Since first stepping on the field freshman year, Meredith has been an extremely good leader by example,” forward Melissa Gavin ’15 said. “Her work ethic and hustle inspires everyone on the field to work harder, and the team has always respected her for that.”

Other teammates remarked that Speck has been a great leader for the team and that she embodies the definition of a team captain.

Meredith, the head coach, said that nobody works harder than Speck, a crucial characteristic for a captain.

Players on the team noted similarities between Speck and last year’s captain, Shannon McSweeney ’14.

“Shannon and Meredith are both unique as captains and players in their own ways, but essentially embody the same characteristics and ideals that a great captain should hold,” said goalkeeper Rachel Ames ’16. “Shannon had a strong presence on the field and was a terrific captain, and I expect Meredith to do no less while leading her team this season.”

The women’s soccer team kicks off its season at home against Quinnipiac on Friday, signaling the start to what Speck says will be a bittersweet finale as a Bulldog.

Contact SYDNEY GLOVER at sydney.glover@yale.edu .

WOMEN’S SOCCER

HENRY EHRENBERG/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR

Midfielder Meredith Speck ’15 (No. 25) will serve as captain of the 2014 women’s soccer team.

Schlesier ’15 prepares for her final season

SAMANTHA GARDNER/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Goalkeeper Heather Schlesier ’15 (No. 75) played in 16 games last season, starting nine of them in net for Yale.

BY ASHTON WACKYM STAFF REPORTER On Sept. 6, the Yale women’s field hockey team will take Johnson Field for its first game of the 2014 season. Goalkeeper Heather Schlesier ’15 will take the field for her final season with the Bulldogs, and the News spoke with her to discuss the upcoming season, as well as her expectations for herself and the team.

Q

What are some of the strengths of the 2014 team?

A

This team is one of the most cohesive groups of girls I have ever had the pleasure of playing with, and I really feel that

[our cohesiveness] is one of our greatest strengths. I look forward to playing beside each and every one of these girls this season.

Q

Based on some of Yale’s previous seasons, it’s uncommon to start the year with four straight home games. Will the comfortable start provide momentum for when the team has its first away match of the year against Harvard?

A

I think that having our first few games be at home will absolutely help us gain momentum to carry us through our first away trip. There is nothing like playing on Johnson Field with friends and family around cheering us on. We love to play at home and we hope to see a lot of Yalies

out there supporting us. has the team reacted QHow to the addition of assistant

coaches Parsley and Tingley thus far, and have they changed the team dynamic at all?

A

We are thrilled to have the addition of Coach Parsley and Coach Tingley. Coach Parsley is a recent grad, which is nice for the team, as she has so recently been through her collegiate career. Coach Tingley has worked with us a little in the past and she has been instrumental in helping our team. They have really added a new dynamic to the team, especially Coach Parsley because of her youth.

STAT OF THE DAY 4

are some of your expecHow has the class of 2018 perQWhat tations and goals for the sea- Qformed in its first few pracson as a goalkeeper?

tices at the Division I level?

this one is no different. We are optimistic that they will continue to be a big part of this season.

A

A

has traditionally strugQYale gled against the University of

As a goalkeeper on the team, I am hoping for a solid season with some hard-fought wins and a lot of clean defense. I am fully confident in the abilities of my team both offensively and defensively.

Q

What are your hopes for the team’s performance this season?

A

We have the same goal as any other team at Yale: to win the Ivy League and compete in the NCAA tournament.

Our freshmen have been an incredible addition to the team. They are all dynamic players [who] bring wonderful personalities that click well with each other, and the rest of the team. I am excited about their play thus far and can’t wait to see their field hockey careers flourish.

players and coaches expect QDo the freshmen to make an immediate impact on the field?

A

I think both the coaches and players always put a lot of confidence in a new class, and

Connecticut. Do you think competition will be tougher than normal this year given that UConn is the defending national champion?

A

UConn always puts together a competitive team, and we are fortunate to have them so close to us so we can play them every year. Every season is a new season, and we look forward to competing with them again this year.

Contact ASHTON WACKYM at ashton.wackym@yale.edu .

NUMBER OF CONSECUTIVE IVY LEAGUE CHAMPIONSHIPS WON BY THE VOLLEYBALL TEAM. The Bulldogs will open their 2014 season this weekend by hosting Minnesota, Albany and Boston College at the Yale Invitational.