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NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT · FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 2015 · VOL. CXXXVII, NO. 98 · yaledailynews.com

INSIDE THE NEWS MORNING EVENING

FLURRIES CLOUDY

SPEA KI N G OUT Can student voices change the way Yale understands, discusses and treats mental health?

27 5

CROSS CAMPUS

SPEAKING OUT MENTAL HEALTH REFORM AT YALE

TOO YALE TO FAIL?

A NEW COUNT

Yale Law School will implement a revised grading policy.

COALITION SURVEYS HOMELESS YOUTH ACROSS THE STATE.

PAGE B3 WEEKEND

PAGE 5 UNIVERSITY

PAGE 7 CITY

Christakis named Silliman master

Getting real. As we hurtle

toward Spring Break, one can’t help but feel the end of the school year coming around the corner. 2016, then, is fast approaching its senior year, as evidenced by the round of Senior College Council voting that ends today at 5 p.m. Break out the bucket lists.

networking,” however, is just the snobby proverbial older brother of the more fun, more flirty thing known as “speed dating.” Fortunately, some will have the chance to do the latter as well, with the Sophomore Class Council’s “P.S. I Crush You” event and Calhoun Screw also taking place this weekend.

Bollywoolsey. Tonight,

the South Asian Society at Yale puts on Roshni, the University’s largest cultural show of the year. Bhangra and other “sizzling performances” are on the agenda — not to mention the afterparty at Oaxaca later in the night.

The llama drama continues.

Before a mysteriously multicolored dress captured the attention of the Internet, news of two escaped llamas running around Arizona dominated many a Twitter timeline on Thursday.

Coincidentally, Yale’s theater scene gathers for its largest party of the year, Dramallamapalooza, tonight.

(Q)Packed night. With all the

culture filling the calendar tonight, a little college hockey might be a breath of fresh air.

And we’re not even talking about the ever-important men’s hockey showdown against Cornell at 7 p.m. After the final horn of the varsity game, the men’s club team takes the Ingalls ice against Quinnipiac. The stakes might be a little lower, but Yale-QPac is always worth noting.

THIS DAY IN YALE HISTORY

1985 Plumbers from the University’s Physical Plant report that asbestos can be found “all over Yale,” most notably in steam pipes and dining hall ceilings.

Follow along for the News’ latest.

Twitter | @yaledailynews

y MORE ONLINE goydn.com/xcampus

PAGE 8 UNIVERSITY

FFY confronts Corporation, calls for change

and researcher, selected by Time magazine as one of the 100 most influential people in the world and twice cited among the ‘Top 100 Global Thinkers’ by Foreign Policy magazine,” Salovey and Yale College Dean Jonathan Holloway wrote in an email to the Silliman community

Though the meetings of the Yale Corporation may be shrouded in secrecy, Fossil Free Yale’s opinion of the body has been made plain and clear.

Around 1 p.m. on Thursday, roughly a dozen members of the student group advocating divestment gathered outside Woodbridge Hall to protest the governing body’s perceived lack of transparency and accountability to the student body. While a light snow fell, students held orange signs spelling the word “divest” and bearing the question, “Who is the Yale Corporation?”

According to FFY spokesman Tristan Glowa ’18, this protest was unique since it reflected broader campus grievances with administrative accessibility, rather than solely focusing on the push for divestment.

“The Yale Corporation is meeting this week and we don’t know when or where, which encapsulates our criticism that there is a complete lack of transparency from the Yale Corporation to the student body,” Glowa said. “This is more than divestment, it is protesting the way [the Corporation members] are divided from the student body and the view we expressly transmit to them.”

However, it is unclear if these grievances will ever reach the ears of Corporation members. According to law school professor Jonathan Macey, who chairs Yale’s

SEE SILLIMAN MASTER PAGE 4

SEE FOSSIL FREE YALE PAGE 4

Already? And while the

To balance it out. “Speed

The 9th Note, a jazz supper club, may move to a new location.

BY LARRY MILSTEIN STAFF REPORTER

A (new) Yale Tradition. But while 2016 still takes cues from the Junior College Council, the class might as well try new things. Tonight, JCC is hosting “A Night at Mory’s,” complete with an open bar at the landmark tavern. How classy can the event really be, though, if it comes with a note about the Connecticut drinking age in its invitation?

upperclassmen are out having fun (only two nights left in Feb Club, mind you), the freshmen and sophomores will take over the Calhoun dining hall today to “speed network” their way around the Yale business and law scenes — on the other side of each table will be an upperclassman with experience at everyone’s favorite finance and legal firms.

Never too early, apparently.

A NEW NOTE

BRIANNA LOO/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

University President Peter Salovey announced that Nicholas Christakis ’84 will be the next master of Silliman College.

BY EMMA PLATOFF AND VICTOR WANG STAFF REPORTERS Sociology professor Nicholas Christakis ’84 will be the next master of Silliman College, University President Peter Salovey announced in the Silliman dining hall Thursday.

Christakis will succeed current master Judith Krauss NUR ’70,

who will retire from Yale this spring after serving as master for 15 years.

Standing before 300 Silliman students, Salovey praised Christakis for his broad range of academic accomplishments and warm nature. Christakis’s five-year term will officially begin on July 1.

“Professor Christakis is recognized widely as a visionary scholar

Harp’s budget proposes $2.3 million in spending cuts

BY ERICA PANDEY STAFF REPORTER Faced with unexpected changes in revenue, New Haven city officials shaved the city’s projected expenses to balance Mayor Toni Harp’s budget proposal, which is due to the Board of Alders on Sunday.

Harp announced at a City Hall press conference on Wednesday that, despite a decrease of $2.3 million dollars in revenue from the 2014–15 fiscal year, her budget proposal for the next

fiscal year will not include tax increases. Instead, the mayor’s budget will account for the decreased revenue by cutting expenditures by $2.3 million.

The drop in revenue is in part due to overestimates of earnings from building permit fees, particularly from the two new residential colleges, and reductions in state funding.

“We had to come up with an expense plan to mirror the revenue decrease,” Budget Chief Joe Clerkin said. “The expenditure side of the budget is always more

“Selma” screened after panel on race

BY SKYLER INMAN STAFF REPORTER Roughly 200 New Haven residents gathered downtown at The Criterion Theater Thursday morning for a discussion about race relations in America and issues of discrimination against black males.

Headed by WTNH Channel 8 News anchor Keith Kountz, the panel included members of the New Haven Police Department, New Haven Public Schools, local spiritual leaders and other prominent figures of New Haven’s African-American community. Following the panel discussion, attendees participated in a special screening of Ava DuVernay’s recently released historical drama “Selma,” which tells the story of the 1965 voting rights marches that were pivotal to the Civil Rights Movement.

Following a rendition

of “Lift Every Voice and Sing” — a song written by James Weldon Johnson that is often considered the “Black American National Anthem” — by local resident Maxine Hargrove, Kountz opened with a discussion of recent events related to the “Black Lives Matter” movement, such as the Eric Garner verdict and the shooting of black teenager Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri.

“Black lives have never mattered in America. What we can do about it is learn about our own history,” said Malcolm Welfare, youth leadership coordinator for NHPS. “There have always been white men and women who have worked against that.”

Pastor Anthony Bennett of Mount Aery Baptist Church in Bridgeport was also on the panel. Bennett, who had traveled to SEE BLACK VOICES PAGE 6

complex [than the revenue side].

It’s a little more dynamic.”

Clerkin said that after receiving $7.6 million dollars from Yale last November in permit fees for the construction of the two new residential colleges, city officials increased projected permit fee revenue from $8 million to $10 million. However, Clerkin said, the number was lowered to $8.5 million while drafting the budget because the $10 million projection is unlikely to be met. Clerkin added that while the University’s payment boosted the

city coffers, it was a one-time payment and the city does not expect additional revenue from Yale for the new colleges’ construction because the University paid its fees in full in the fall.

The city’s total revenue will also be impacted by lost state aid in the 2015–16 fiscal year. Clerkin said that while the state’s two major contributions — the Payment in Lieu of Taxes (PILOT) and Education Cost Sharing programs — would remain constant, the city would lose funding from Hartford in other,

smaller categories that Clerkin did not specify. The PILOT program offers compensation to cities like New Haven that lose tax revenue to nontaxable properties, such as property owned by Yale and used for educational purposes. The Education Cost Sharing program offers aid to New Haven Public Schools.

City Hall spokesman Laurence Grotheer said Harp remains hopeful that the state legislature will elect to bolster SEE CITY BUDGET PAGE 6

GESO releases report on college expansion

JENNIFER LU/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

GESO, pictured here during an October protest, released a report titled “Teaching in a Growing Yale.”

BY FINNEGAN SCHICK AND RACHEL SIEGEL STAFF REPORTERS In its most recent effort to promote graduate student rights, the Graduate Student and Employees Organization, the unrecognized grad-

uate student union, released a report yesterday to call attention to the University’s unresolved questions about teaching positions and faculty diversity as Yale College prepares to expand.

The report, titled “Teaching in a Growing Yale: Critical

Questions,” addresses what GESO identified as its three main areas of concern: cuts to Yale’s overall per-student spending, the increasing faculty to student ratio and the lack of diversity among both SEE GESO PAGE 6

PAGE 2

YALE DAILY NEWS · FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

OPINION

.COMMENT “...........well that was incredibly weird.” yaledailynews.com/opinion

OF SCREW'

In Yale parentis

GUEST COLUMNIST SHALMOLI HALDER

Rethinking the boycott T

he three-week-long Senior Class Gift campaign just wound up with the lowest participation statistic in the last six years. From an incredible 96 percent participation by the class of 2014, it dropped dramatically to a mere 78 percent.

As a senior navigating the politics of donating to Yale at a time when deep problems have been revealed within our community — from sexual assault to mental health — I had to relearn the meaning of gratitude, community and ownership. Like every other senior, I have spent the last few weeks deliberating with friends and peers over the dilemma. In the end, I stuck to my initial resolve — I chose to

THE SCG BOYCOTT DOESN’T SHOW A LACK OF SOLIDARITY IN THE SENIOR CLASS boycott the SCG. The SCG stands for tradition, for expressing satisfaction and for inculcating a legacy of giving back to the alma mater. Ever since the SCG was instituted in 1997, graduating seniors have fully and soundly "endorsed" their time at Yale and crossed from students to “responsible” alumni. It conditions us to believe that responsible alumni are those who further this institution through financial support.

But the SCG also stands for something bigger. It stands for a sense of collective ownership.

We’re all in this mission together, and this is the first time our class comes together with a unified purpose — to raise money for the University. And on an individual scale, the SCG is an opportunity to express our gratitude for the impact Yale has had on our lives.

I’m no stranger to that feeling of gratitude. As a low-income student from a developing country, I am here because Yale has gone above and beyond to provide a college experience I otherwise never could have experienced. On a personal level, this in itself should have prompted me to show my support to the University. But once I took a step back and considered my broader network of friends and peers, I realized my endorsement of the University would be selfish and, in some way, antithetical to the collective experience which the SCG represents.

As a community, as the senior

class, we are in a unique position to express our passion for the University in a different manner.

We all have one friend who has suffered under Mental Health and Counseling, we all have that one friend afraid of reaching out for professional help for fear of being sent back home. And we have talked about how mental health has repeatedly failed to meet our expectations. We have written articles, lobbied the Yale College Council, presented reports to committee XYZ, held placards in photo campaigns and heck, some of us have even initiated conversations with Woodbridge Hall.

Apart from a vague email and a promise for better resources in uncertain terms, the responses so far have been fairly underwhelming. In this context, the SCG stands out as an immediate and useful tool available to us to make a collective point. These numbers matter. And perhaps, this way, the story behind those numbers will also get told.

Prompted by the social media campaign and petition demanding mental health reform at Yale, I wanted to anchor the act of boycotting not as a lack of support for the University but as a testament to our care for the community we’ve found at Yale.

We want to see a healthier, safer campus for ourselves and the generations of bright, talented individuals who will come after us. Many of us have experienced frustration with MH&C first-hand, most of us have confronted the callousness of the University over MH&C procedures and we all know someone who has faced dire consequences. Today, I am heartened to see a point of definitive action.

The SCG boycott doesn’t show to me a lack of solidarity in the senior class. In fact, it shows that we care and we care to act on our concern for each other. As far as donating goes, as Yale alumni, the chance to give back to the University in tangible and intangible ways will present itself all throughout our lives. I know that I will likely donate to financial aid down the road. We will acknowledge the education, we will fondly reminiscence. However, never again will we all be in the same space, actively participating in something as essential as mental health advocacy and collectively coming together for each other.

The SCG is intended as a mechanism to unify us. But I believe the movement to boycott it was not only a better way to bring the senior class closer but to serve a more just purpose.

SHALMOLI HALDER is a senior in Saybrook College. Contact her at shalmoli.halder@yale.edu .

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'KEVIN24' ON 'A CULTURAL CRITIQUE

L

ike the majority of my fourth grade peers, I initially assumed that “in loco parentis” had something to do with being crazy, rather than the legal provisions that granted my school power to act in the place of a parent during the day. Recently, I’ve found the two interpretations aren’t mutually exclusive. As students clamor for the Yale administration to enact serious mental health reform, we call into question the extent of the University’s obligation to provide for those of us with mental illness in the absence of parental care.

I doubt that we’ll reach a consensus on the scope of Yale’s obligation in the immediate future. Besides a conflicting set of national ideologies about the role and necessity of colleges and universities, the vision of an ideal college mental health care program is foggy, especially when no outstanding model exists in the world thus far. But this looming question does provide context for the major philosophical debate that feeds popular opposition to Yale MH&C reform. Millennial university students place an unprecedented demand on school administration to provide for our mental wellbeing in addition to traditional academic and social resources, and there’s a vocal population of individuals who think we’re out of line in doing so.

My stomach twists when I read several of the comments on recent calls for MH&C improvements CAROLINE and policy changes.

A POSNER majority of the Out of Line cringe-worthy posts are accusations that the authors of these entreaties — and those who sympathize with their demands — are entitled, infantile or privileged; that the expectations we cite of Yale administration amount to coddling or pampering; that our vision of reform points not to a university, but an asylum. I’m hard pressed to make the connection between quality psychiatric services and any sort of pampering, but suppose I sympathize momentarily with the association — these arguments still prove grossly problematic.

The assertion that demanding a stronger mental health care system somehow equals entitlement or coddling blatantly undermines the scientific and academic consensus that mental illness is, like any illness, a biological pathology resulting from both genetic and environmental factors. It perpetuates some archaic, Freudian vision of psychiatric disorders as

a failure to adapt to the challenges of adult life, placing the blame on mentally ill students for a national trend of increasing reliance on parental and academic support systems. It assumes that overcoming today’s incongruous realities of professional and academic life and emotional health — a zeitgeist of contradictions that far exceeds any other in modern history — is the inherited responsibility of our generation.

Deconstructed further, the coddling claim is really nothing more than a commentary on the persistence of stigma against mental illness. Yale devotes aweinspiring capital to programs that allow students opportunities unheard of in the post-graduation world, including fully funded research and language immersion experiences, highly accessible advisors for travel and career guidance and medical insurance that guarantees emergency evacuation and aid overseas. In a group consultation at Yale Health for international travel over spring break, I was informed that should I purchase illegal drugs and be incarcerated while in Panama, Yale would still work to have me released.

Somehow these privileges afforded by Yale enrollment are invulnerable to the same criticisms that students have received in advocating for an overhaul of MH&C policies — and the rea-

sons are obvious. International experience, research grants and career opportunities are the hot talking points that keep Yale on top of rankings and draw new students every year. Mental health care, despite its obvious primacy in the lives of current students, ranks low on the list of sexy campus features.

Were Yale or any of its comparable institutions actually interested in modeling real, independent post-graduate life, the majority of the current programs would cease to exist. This clearly should not be the case; Yale and the university system exist to foster academic and critical development by offering an entirely distinct experience from life outside the academy. If our examination of entitlement and privilege is consistent across the University, though, it’s obvious that few issues could be further from coddling than a decent framework for mental health care.

The argument that accuses advocates for mental health reform of infantile entitlement, or conflates the demands of policy improvement with coddling by the University, is a thinly veiled attack on the legitimacy of mental illness on college campuses.

We must refuse to tolerate it.

CAROLINE POSNER is a sophomore in Berkeley College. Contact her at caroline.posner@yale.edu .

THAO DO/ILLUSTRATIONS EDITOR

What's in your baggie?

T

here are all kinds of drugs at Yale: those shots of Dubra you downed at last night’s party, that lone cigarette you tipsily bummed outside your entryway afterward, the hangover coffee you’re dousing with creamer at breakfast right now.

Substances like alcohol, tobacco and caffeine are ubiquitous in college, and because we all generally understand how these drugs affect our bodies (remember those cheesy posters from high school health class?), we can make smart choices about what and when to use — and often just as crucially, whether to use at all.

Mother Yale provides additional resources to promote responsible drinking habits in particular, including free bartender training and educational videos aimed at the incoming freshman class.

Yale’s alcohol policies largely embrace the guiding principle of harm reduction. Video campaigns like “Think About It” concede the inevitability of certain risky or illicit behaviors — for example, underage drinking — and strive to mitigate the potential consequences of those acts.

The majority of us intuitively apply harm reduction principles to our lives every day, whether that means practicing safe sex or limiting ourselves to just one slice of dining hall cake. But most of us need a little more research to figure out how the concept translates to situations more taboo than those involving bottomshelf vodka and rarer than those involving dessert.

Although unsafe drinking rightfully attracts the bulk of our attention, we must place some focus MARISSA on the harder, controMEDANSKY more versial drugs also present Little Fables here. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, 4 percent of Americans between the ages of 18 and 25 have taken MDMA in the past year, while 6.7 percent have used hallucinogens like psilocybin or LSD. Yale is not immune to this reality.

Last year, the News’ WEEKEND section published an extensive cover story about the use of psychedelics on campus — in a survey accompanying the article, 44 percent of Yale students said they’d used an illegal drug other than alcohol in their time as students; 6.2 percent said they’d tried MDMA. Those stories and statistics — plus a highprofile series of recent overdoses at nearby Wesleyan University — confirm how crucial honest conversations about illicit substances can be. We need bartender training with a pharmacological bent.

But Yale, as an institution, need not take leadership on this issue. Even though researchers are increasingly studying how drugs like MDMA and LSD can be used in medical contexts, a truly candid school-sponsored drug

education program still seems the stuff of distant fantasy. Fortunately, we can implement harm reduction on an individual level.

Here are a few tips you can take to stay safe.

Remember knowledge is power. Don’t take a drug without researching its effects beforehand. Scientific journals feature innumerable articles that can clarify how a substance will alter your internal chemistry. Groups like DanceSafe — a charity that sends harm reduction materials to electronic music festivals across the country — specialize in more practical tips, like how to prepare for a drug experience or ride out a bad trip. Basic suggestions include staying hydrated, avoiding unfamiliar situations and making sure your drug of choice won’t adversely react with any additional medications you might be taking. Dr. Carl Hart, a leading addiction researcher at Columbia University, provides additional suggestions on his website, like maintaining healthy sleep habits and taking small doses.

Test your drugs. To learn more about identifying illicit substances in a harm reduction context, I watched the 2014 documentary “What’s in My Baggie?” The film reveals how dealers often pass off methamphetamine, bath salts and other nasty research chemicals as pure versions of MDMA — sometimes out of malevolence, other times just out of ignorance. This problem is widespread, according to the documentary. Authorities now

suspect that the Wesleyan students hospitalized this past week had taken MDMA cut with various adulterants.

This means you can’t take someone’s word for what you’re taking. Fortunately, DanceSafe and other groups sell colorchanging kits you can use to identify substances before you ingest them. The harm reduction group featured in “What’s In My Baggie?” emphasizes that even substances that test positive as MDMA aren’t necessarily 100 percent safe: Several drugs might be mixed together, and having a pure dose of a drug doesn’t preclude taking too much of it or taking it in a dangerous setting. But the documentary makes clear how useful these tests are in immediately identifying the many harmful substances frequently sold as trendy intoxicants. If you can’t do due diligence, just say no.

Some may find this column controversial, but Dr. Carl Hart, the addiction researcher, sums up the spirit of harm reduction best. “Like most parents, I have discouraged drug use among my children,” he writes on his blog.

“But, as my 17-year-old prepares to go off to college, I am heartened to know that he is equipped with these important lessons because they will decrease drug-related harms, and ultimately save his life if he does decide to experiment.”

MARISSA MEDANSKY is a senior in Morse College and a former opinion editor for the News. Contact her at marissa.medansky@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 3

FRIDAY FORUM

KRISTI YAMAGUCHI “I’m proud of my Asian American heritage and being able to blend the two cultures together and to learn from each is fulfilling.”

GUEST COLUMNIST ARIA THAKER

I

Missing from our Bluebook

n 1977, a group of 18 Yale undergraduates registered for an independent study. The five students leading the group compiled a syllabus and organized lesson plans, and the entire group met weekly in the Trumbull Seminar room for Yale’s first class on Asian American Studies. The students were energized by their political moment. The Third World Movement of the Civil Rights era had begun to draw attention to the marginalization of ethnic minorities, and in 1969, the nation’s first Asian American Studies programs had been established at UC Berkeley and San Francisco State University. The students hoped their proactive efforts would spur a similar spirit of change at Yale.

Thirty-eight years later, Asian American Studies programs now exist at 52 universities in the country, including four Ivy League institutions — Cornell, Columbia, Brown and Penn — as well as our in-state neighbor, the University of Connecticut. The field has diversified as it has deepened; its influence extends to a wide array of disciplines including art, history, psychology, literature and sociology, among others. Despite the vast interdisciplinary growth of Asian American Studies, however, Yale still lags far behind its peers in its commitment to the field.

There is only one professor on

the Yale faculty whose core research focuses on Asian American Studies. In most academic years, there is only one Asian American Studies course offered at Yale. For an institution that touts its richly diverse faculty, and that constantly tells us excellence arises from the consideration of a wide variety of viewpoints, this lack of representation in a key field is unconscionable.

Students are hungry for more Asian American Studies course offerings. At the first meeting of the only Asian American Studies class offered to undergraduates this year, there were twice as many students sitting on the floor as in seats. During shopping period last spring, students spilled into the hallways outside the lecture hall during Asian American History — the only course in the field that is regularly offered at Yale. The only Asian American Studies course offered this year, which is taught by a graduate student, was renamed by the registrar from “U.S. Wars in Asia and the Pacific Islands and their Aftermath” to “Asian American Studies: United States Wars in the Pacific.” It is difficult to imagine the title of professor David Blight’s Civil War course or Jay Winter’s total war course being similarly stretched.

As in 1977, student interest in the field is not adequately supported by the administration. I

believe this disconnect emerges from our broader community’s ignorance about the nature of Asian American Studies. I have spent the past several months meeting faculty members and administrators while helping organize today’s Asian American Studies Conference. When asked about the possibility for future hiring in the field, current professors have often conflated Asian-American studies with East Asian studies, or they have cited the work of professors who are ethnically Asian but whose scholarship does not at all pertain to Asian American Studies. Once a professor even said that, unlike the “true” ethnic studies fields of African American or Latino Studies, Asian American Studies should focus more on “the intersection with science.”

While I do not intend to demonize individual professors and administrators, I understand these misconceptions to be part of a larger academic system that casts ethnic studies as “less rigorous” or “too identity-based” in comparison to other fields. Too many students have been asked whether they are doing “me-search or research,” or whether they will have trouble “being impartial” when conducting scholarship whose subject matter relates to their own ethnic communities. It is dismissive and incorrect to assume that all scholars in

this field are motivated by a desire to “soul search.” This misconception reinforces current rifts in academia, which cast some disciplines as more “objective” or “scholarly” than others. These pressures have been felt by many students, particularly students of color. Within the Asian American community — which is approximately 20 percent of all U.S. students in the College, according to Yale’s Office of Institutional Research — a number of students have formed the Asian American Studies Task Force. To call attention to the dearth of Asian American Studies courses at Yale, the AASTF has helped organize an academic conference that will be held today and tomorrow.

The Yale Asian American Studies Conference, which is happening today in the Loria Center, brings together Asian American Studies scholars from universities across the nation. I hope this conference marks the first step in a partnership between the University and its students to build on the legacy of those 18 students in 1977 and make Yale an intellectual home for the important work of Asian American Studies that has been shut from our gates for so long.

ARIA THAKER is a senior in Davenport College and a member of the Asian American Studies Task Force.

Contact her at aria.thaker@yale.edu .

Promote dance at Yale W

e hear all the time that Yale does quite well at the Oscars in terms of nominations. From admissions tours to emails from Yale, we’re constantly reminded of the capable alumni who have come from the Yale theater scene. It’s something of which we are, and should be, proud. We have a culture that promotes the arts, and it doesn’t just stop at acting.

Yale arts, particularly a cappella and acting, are well developed. I think there’s some truth in the claim that we’re one of the best schools — at least among comparable non-specialized schools — for those activities.

However, I would say that we are one of the weakest schools for one particular area of the performing arts: dance. Full disclosure, I do dance, so I may have a particularly vested interest in this topic. But I do think it’s generally agreed upon that our dancing community is not as strong as our a cappella or acting communities.

That isn’t to say that we don’t have talented dancers who are comparable to the best at any other school. But overall, the dancing culture at other schools, such as Princ-

eton, is much more robust. In terms of break dancing — the culture that I’m most familiar with — Harvard and Princeton’s clubs are far more LEO KIM established and host more events On Us than ours.

It’s understandably difficult to promote dance culture specifically. With so many specific styles, it’s not like singing, playing an instrument or acting, where practicing one skill translates into another without much difficulty. Someone adept at playing classical guitar doesn’t have to relearn the guitar to play rock.

Dancing is different. My breaking, someone else’s fan dancing and another person’s ballet are largely not interchangeable. Me becoming a better breaker would have roughly no effect on my improvement as a contemporary dancer. That makes it difficult to have dance classes in the same way you have bass classes. And while taking lessons for an instrument can count as class credit, most dance styles are not offered as

classes for credit. The classes that we do offer are usually quite limited in scope and often not practice, but rather theory, oriented.

Furthermore, many forms of dance can only be practiced in particular spaces shared by everything from Wushu to Pilates to Zumba.

The spaces are in high demand and often coordination can prove to be difficult. Furthermore, not all dance studios are able to host all groups — sometimes due to space requirements, other times due to footwear restrictions.

I’m not saying that we should suddenly build 10 new studios, although I wouldn’t complain if we did. But there are little things Yale could do to promote dancing.

Princeton offers a separate certificate program specifically for dance.

Although we don’t have something like Princeton’s certificate program, we could potentially offer more classes in more varied styles of dance that focus on practice rather than history or theory — although the latter two subjects are still important.

In addition, increased access to funding may help the community grow. The dance community extends beyond Yale, and for many

organizations, travelling and competing is just as valuable if not more valuable than merely putting on a show in a non-competitive setting.

Currently, the dance groups that I know of don’t have access to any funding for travel, so going anywhere requires them to pay out of pocket. But other groups, such as the debate association, get funding for travel and thus can compete regularly. For many naturally competitive forms of dance, this deprives the groups of valuable experience.

Certainly, Yale would not ask its debaters to exclusively debate each other. Sure, you can get better, but competition provides the impetus for improvement.

Overall, Yale isn’t the worst in terms of its treatment of the dance community. But Yale never wants to be just “not the worst.” We strive to be one of the best in every field.

The actions that would greatly help Yale’s dancing community wouldn’t be too much of a burden, and I think the arts would grow greatly if we implemented a few meaningful measures.

LEO KIM is a sophomore in Trumbull College. His column runs on alternate Fridays. Contact him at leo.kim@yale.

GUEST COLUMNIST AMANDA MEI

Keep a healthy mind T

here’s been a lot of talk about mental health lately. But it’s mostly focused on what Yale as an institution can do to support the mentally unwell, and rarely about what we can do ourselves.

Mental health should be on everyone’s minds all of the time.

It should not be just another issue that flares up after campus-wide tragedies or debates on withdrawal and therapy. It should be a primary concern in each of our lives, just like staying out of the cold or eating three meals a day.

But let me first define what I mean by “mental health.” I am not talking about mental health in the narrow sense of mental illness. And I am not talking about mental health in the broad sense of everything that goes on in the brain. When I say “mental health,” I’m referring to the state of mind that is formed by our daily patterns of thoughts and emotions.

According to this definition, which relies not on deviation from the norm but on normal mental activity, we might be able to alter our mental patterns for better or worse. Most of us have the capacity to upkeep our mental health by taking certain measures. If we want to be fully functional human beings,

we have the responsibility to do so.

Maintaining good mental health primarily consists of the ability to bounce back from extremes.

A healthy mind is not one that is always happy, engaged or calm. We would not demand that our bodies stop catching colds or suffering bruises. Likewise, we must understand that negative emotions like pessimism are perfectly healthy but lead to depression, anxiety and stress if they become uncontrollable. Conversely, generally positive attitudes like optimism can become unhealthy if they lead to irrational or risky behavior.

Cultivating a healthy mind requires the recognition of patterns of mental activity. We need to be aware of what frustrates us and throws us into despair, as well as what makes us feel good and whole. No doubt everyone already has an intuitive sense of his or her own mentality, but full awareness of it requires discipline and effort.

We need to recognize our minds’ tendencies to skew toward some thoughts and emotions and not others.

A while ago, I gravitated toward an amorphous and empty feeling, as if I were sensing the world through a haze. At first I felt somewhat cush-

ioned from the volatility of the world around me, but gradually and almost without noticing I became entrapped in my own mind. Like many people who become afflicted by a single and persistent emotion, I could not see myself moving beyond this mental state. But I recognized my condition as being abnormal, and my acknowledgment of the problem gave me the space I needed to recreate other emotions and recover my mental health.

My case was not nearly as debilitating as those of many others. I do not think that all lapses in mental health are easily preventable through a little bit of self-control.

But I do think that we need to take the first step toward preventing mental illness — being aware of our own mental conditions.

We can do this by considering how we relate to other people and our past selves, and by not falling prey to the fallacy that we are stuck in our own heads. Only then can we develop the habits that prevent us from falling into mental gutters, like expressing gratitude toward other people or writing in a journal,.

Taking action and exercising self-control is never easy. And it is sometimes impossible — circumstances can cause irreparable dam-

age to the mind. The simple methods I have spelled out to combat mental illness are merely preventive and designed to protect the mental health of the average human being.

They would not work in situations where prevention is already too late.

Those who have voiced their opinions about mental health in recent days are right to call for better mental support systems at Yale.

However, I believe that the University’s role is and should be more reactive than proactive. Policy initiatives, such as the development of more amenable withdrawal procedures or the addition of more therapists at Yale Health, should aim to help people who have become ill due to circumstances beyond their control.

The bulk of responsibility is ours.

Although we should call for institutional change and more effective ways of dealing with mental illness, we should also prioritize proactively maintaining our own mental health. After all, good mental health policy is important and necessary — but good mental health should be our goal.

AMANDA MEI is a freshman in Berkeley College. Contact her at amanda.mei@yale.edu .

GUEST COLUMNIST ISAAC COHEN

Leave rape to courts “I

didn’t want to do it, but I did.”

How many billions of times throughout history have people thought that — when tempted by sin, obliged by duty or pressured by social expectations.

And then, after the act, felt regret, or with sex, shame that stems from an absence of attraction or affection. Few of us can claim to “know thyself,” so it is hardly surprising that our feelings, and sexual desire in particular, are often ambiguous and ambivalent. This is timeless human truth.

With this in mind, consider the supposed epidemic of college rape. What do we talk about when we talk about nonconsensual sex at Yale? We don’t ordinarily talk about physical coercion. We don’t need to, really, since all agree that sex obtained through force or threat of force is an obvious, grievous wrong and ought to be punished as such. But today’s feminists and activists are obsessed with cases of “sexual misconduct” that are decidedly less clear and, it must be said, less clearly wrong. Campus codes, written in muzzy and manipulable language, might cover sex that “I didn’t know how to say no to” or that “made me uncomfortable.” They might apply to drunken sex that is half-remembered or that is had in response to social pressures.

On that front, think of all the reasons why people might have sex: to keep a struggling relationship going, or because we think that our opposite number “expects” it, or will insult us, or make a scene or ridicule us to their friends. “I wanted him to like me;” “I was too drunk to care;” “I just wanted to go to bed already.” We’ve heard these reasons from men and women alike. They can give rise to sex that sometimes feels coerced, unwanted, regrettable or even traumatic; sex that’s had reluctantly and later rued. Or sex to which some feel they “can’t say no” or even “are afraid to say no.” Are we ready to label all, or even most, sex like this as rape? We must ask: What are good and bad reasons to have sex?

Which reasons, and which situations, should we regard as coercive? These are tough questions on which reasonable minds can, and do, differ. Yet it’s astonishing how rarely these realities are discussed with subtlety, humanity and calm.

The problem of mixed feelings and extralustful motives is as old as the hills. Suitable norms and conventions can soften it, but total elimination is unrealistic and utopian. Affirmative consent laws are one modern attempt to intervene, but, alas, they will not work.

They are administrative fiat as a substitute for culture and custom, for restraint and modesty, for self-knowledge and self-possession, for courage and resolve, for learning to say “no” graciously and to accept “no” with dignity. We cannot legislate away the messy reality of life under the covers. No regulation will make sex and relationships less complicated; no policy will cure sex of its frequent disappointment, frustration and regret. In seeking this painless utopia, we end up with laws that are unenforceable, invasive, paternalistic and all but doomed to fail. We invite “government in the bedroom,” which should elicit our suspicion and scorn.

Indeed, it is puzzling that those who seek increased government involvement in campus rape have looked to the bedroom rather than the courtroom. Rape is, after all, a brutal crime; it is a fundamental violation of selfownership and autonomy and is unique in the opprobrium it provokes. Thus rape accusations ought to be directed to the police and resolved in courts of law. Campus courts are not the place.

The criminal law of rape and sexual assault, both substantive and procedural, is hundreds of years in the making. Rigorous procedural protections, such as high evidentiary standards, a vetted and impartial jury of peers and the right to probe witnesses’ testimony with cross-examination, grow out of an understanding that it is easy to get the wrong answer in criminal cases. But it is even easier to get the wrong answer in cases of campus sexual assault, where he-said-she-said accounts, lubricated with copious amounts of alcohol, abound. Yet few of the protections found in the criminal law are present on campus today. Instead, inexperienced and inexpert campus tribunals are asked to apply standards for “sexual misconduct” that are protean and ill-defined, and that too often serve as a Rorschach test for administrators’ prejudices and presuppositions about ideal malefemale relations. Under many campus codes, non-consent alone — regardless of whether and how that state of mind is communicated to the accused — is enough to ground misconduct. This situation is an invitation to error, arbitrariness, inconsistency and injustice.

Adjudicating claims of sexual assault is complex and exacting, and colleges aren’t up to the task. Under the sway of moral panic and dubious government mandates, good sense and fairness will inevitably suffer. Universities should leave crimes to the courts — and leave sex, good and bad, to their students.

ISAAC COHEN is a junior in Davenport College.

Contact him at isaac.n.cohen@yale.edu .

PAGE 4

YALE DAILY NEWS · FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT

“To handle yourself, use your head; to handle others, use your heart.”

ELEANOR ROOSEVELT FORMER FIRST LADY OF THE UNITED STATES

Nicholas Christakis to assume Silliman mastership in July SILLIMAN MASTER FROM PAGE 1 after the announcement.

Christakis runs the Human Nature Lab at Yale, which engages in biosocial science research, and is also the co-director of the Yale Institute for Network Science, an interdisciplinary institute that focuses on diverse problems in network science and in the social, physical, biological and engineering sciences. His book, “Connected: The Surprising Power of Our Social Networks and How They Shape Our Lives” has been translated into almost 20 foreign languages. Before coming to Yale in 2013, Christakis spent over a decade teaching sociology and medicine at Harvard, where he also served as master of Pforzheimer House — one of Harvard’s 12 houses — for five years.

At Yale, Christakis teaches the popular “Health of the Public” lecture.

“Professor Christakis is passionate about public health, bad action movies and good chocolate,” Salovey told the dining hall.

“And when discipline needs to be doled out, he has a black belt in Shotokan Karate — just to warn you in advance.”

Krauss, who is currently the longest-serving sitting college master, announced in October that after 44 years at Yale, she would depart at the end of this academic year. Beyond her more than four decades as a nursing professor, Krauss also served as dean of the School of Nursing for 13 years and, in 1985, founded the “Archives of Psychiatric Nursing,” a research, practice and policy journal. Krauss currently serves as the chair of the Council of Masters, a post she has filled before.

While students said they are excited to welcome a new master, many also said they will miss Krauss’s presence on campus.

Charlotte Juergens ’16 described Krauss as a lovely person, and Josh Eisenstat ’15 said she has been a great master during his four years.

Christakis will be joined by his wife, Erika Christakis, a lecturer on early childhood education in Yale’s Zigler Center in Child Development and Social Policy, as associate master. The couple has three children, one of whom is currently a sophomore in Ezra Stiles College. Addition-

BRIANNA LOO/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

Judith Krauss, who has served as master of Silliman for 15 years, will step down at the end of this term. In July, Nicholas Christakis will assume the position. ally, the couple has had over the years what Salovey described as “a menagerie of pets.”

Christakis told students that the family’s two dogs are available for sleepovers, a remark that was met with whooping applause.

School of Forestry and Environmental Studies professor David Skelly, who served on the Silliman master’s search committee, said Christakis is an outstanding choice for the mastership, citing his impressive scholarship and genuine interest in how good communities can allow individuals to excel.

“While there is no doubt that he has big shoes to fill, I can’t imagine a better person for the

role,” Skelly said.

Silliman Dean Jessie Hill said she is excited to work with Christakis, citing his intellectual depth and proven history of compassionate care for students. He and his wife will be welcomed into the community, she added.

However, despite the enthusiasm of his colleagues, not all students were familiar with Christakis or his work. Of 25 students interviewed, only six said they knew of him.

After the announcement, dozens of students lined up to meet or greet their new master, and students who knew Christakis already met the news with excitement.

Chainey Boroski ’18, who met Christakis shortly after the announcement, said the new master is very engaging. He will likely bring personality and perspective, she added.

Nishwant Swami ’17, a student in “Health of the Public,” said Christakis’s strengths in the classroom will likely translate to the college courtyard as well.

“It’s a 300-person lecture, but he knows his students’ names,” Swami said. “He is willing to make those relationships, and I think he’ll be a great master.”

Zach Young ’17, who met Christakis last summer in a chance encounter, said the professor’s affability is well-suited

for his new role as master. Young and Christakis, who was having his photo taken for a Yale Alumni Magazine profile of him, found themselves stuck in an elevator with each other. According to Young, Christakis cracked jokes the whole time and even gave Young a signed copy of his book afterwards to thank him for his patience.

Sukriti Mohan ’17, another of Christakis’s students, said she believes Christakis will work to emphasize equality and promote diversity within the college community.

“He places a big emphasis on equality and working to eliminate any disparities that arise from

socio-economic differences,” Mohan said. “This is a wonderful characteristic to have in a master, because the Silliman community is very diverse, and we have students from all walks of life.”

Joana Andoh ’17 said Christakis’s immediate ties to the University as an alumnus and parent give him great insight into the curriculum and environment at Yale and will be very useful for the Silliman community.

Christakis will be Silliman’s ninth master.

Contact EMMA PLATOFF at emma.platoff@yale.edu and VICTOR WANG at v.wang@yale.edu .

GESO report addresses teaching positions and diversity GESO FROM PAGE 1 ladder and non-ladder faculty.

“We’re putting out the report to contribute data and make the conversation that’s already been going on on campus more informed,” GESO Chair Aaron Greenberg GRD ’18 said.

The GESO report cites a previous report by the Ad Hoc Committee on Yale College Expansion. The 2014 document stated that the University needs to keep the cost of supporting the 800 more students below the $30 million annual net revenue generated by their tuition and board.

In response, the GESO report indicates that the $30 million cap results in a 8.4 percent decrease — the equivalent of $9,133 — in the amount spent by the University per Yale College.

The report also addressed how the influx of 800 more undergraduates without “scaling up” the size of the faculty would increase competition for coveted seats in the classroom. Indicating that there has been no increase in the past six years in the overall pool of ladder and non-ladder faculty from which almost all teaching faculty are drawn the report poses the simple question of who will teach future undergraduates.

According to the report, tenured and tenure-track faculty grew by only 1.7 percent from 2008 to 2014. But despite the small increase, the number of non-ladder faculty decreased by 14 positions in the same time period.

Yale College Dean Jonathan Holloway said in an email that the ladder faculty had already grown in anticipation of the colleges’ opening, before the project was delayed in 2009 due to the global financial crisis. Holloway said the current ladder faculty is larger than it has ever been.

University President Peter Salovey, Provost Benjamin Polak,

Dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Science Lynn Cooley and University Spokesman Tom Conroy did not respond to request for comment on the GESO report.

Seven graduate students interviewed said any University plans should find a balance between the number of students and the number of graduate teachers.

“If they increase their student body that much, they need to increase faculty appropriately,” Debayan Gupta GRD ’17 said.

Gupta added that he thinks the University is already in a situation where class sizes are too large for teachers to effectively teach.

“Many departments are already overwhelmed by the undergrad student enrollment,” said Gupta, who is a doctoral student in the Computer Science department. “In Computer Science, our enrollment is much higher than what the department can handle. If you have an increase in student population, things are going to get much worse.”

Furthermore, the report called attention to the lack of women and people of color in FAS ladder faculty positions compared to non-ladder faculty positions. For women, those numbers are 29 percent to 43.4 percent respectively. Self-reported people of color make up 16.1 percent of ladder faculty, compared to 25.3 percent of non-ladder faculty, the report said.

Adom Getachew GRD ’15, a sixth-year Ph.D. candidate in the Political Science and African American Studies departments, said she is concerned about the lack of diversity in political science professorships both across the country and here at Yale.

“I would not be here if not for the women and women faculty of color that make it possible for me to do my work,” Getachew said.

“My question is if the ladder faculty is not going to be expanded, how are we actually going to diversify the faculty?”

All seven graduate students interviewed said they think the University could do more to promote women and people of color during the tenure and non-tenure hiring process, and six out of seven said the University should hire more faculty members in general to accommodate the new undergraduate students arriving in 2017.

“It’s not that fewer women are applying, it’s that suddenly you have a bias when you are applying to get tenure,” Gupta said.

“The fact that this difference exists is scary.”

Fadila Habchi GRD ’17 said that in particular she saw a need for more diversity in literature departments like English and French, where the study of culture plays a central role.

People say that one possible reason for the lack of diversity in the faculty is that fewer women and people of color received graduate and professional degrees in the past, said Mitchell Verboncoeur LAW ’17, adding that he does not think that this argument is persuasive today.

Jesus Gutierrez ‘16, a member of Students Unite Now, said he has concerns about how the opening of the new colleges will affect competition for student jobs, particularly for students on financial aid.

“I worked upwards of 10 to 15 hours a week and that has really impacted my experience here at Yale and transition into college life,” Gutierrez said. “What plans are they going to make for those students who will have the financial aid contribution to grapple with?”

Contact FINNEGAN SCHICK at christopher.schick@yale.edu and RACHEL SIEGEL at rachel.siegel@yale.edu .

JENNIFER LU/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

The Graduate Student and Employee Organization released a report yesterday addressing diversity concerns.

YALE DAILY NEWS · FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 5

NEWS

“Learning is not attained by chance. It must be sought for with ardor and attended to with diligence.”

ABIGAIL ADAMS FORMER FIRST LADY OF THE UNITED STATES

CORRECTIONS TUESDAY, FEB. 17

A previous version of the article “Bright stars, dim galaxies” misspelled Clare Saunders’s name.

THURSDAY, FEB. 26

A previous version of the article “State bill could clarify school disciplinary policies” incorrectly stated that two bills were introduced by the legislature’s Democratic leadership when, in fact, one was introduced by the education committee.

YLS alters grading policies

Looney pushes Dreamer tuition

BY MICHELLE LIU STAFF REPORTER Undocumented students in Connecticut might be one step closer to affordable college tuition.

State Senate Majority Leader Martin Looney, who represents New Haven, has proposed a bill that allows Dreamers — undocumented minors who graduate from U.S. high schools and gain permanent residency in the country as a result of the federal and state laws associated with the DREAM Act — to have greater access to financial aid at public higher education institutions across the state.

Looney held a press conference on Thursday morning in support of the Dreamers and then testified at a hearing in front of the Higher Education and Employment Advancement Committee that afternoon.

“Many of these students have lived in our state for virtually their entire lives. They are our neighbors and our children’s friends and classmates,” Looney said at the conference. “They are also a significant part of Connecticut’s future. Students who attain degrees from public universities and colleges in Connecticut are more likely to build careers here in Connecticut and become part of the permanent fabric of the state.”

The bill’s introduction comes after the legislature passed a bill in 2011 allow-

ing Dreamers to pay in-state tuition rates at Connecticut colleges, Looney said.

During the hearing for Looney’s bill, Executive Director of the Latino and Puerto Rican Affairs Commission Werner Oyanadel said the legislature’s Office of Fiscal Analysis has found that this particular bill would not cost the state more money, as the current funds would merely be spread across a larger population of students.

State Sen. and Republican Ranking Member of the Education Committee Kevin Witkos, who had met with Oyanadel over the new legislation, suggested during the hearing that Republicans would not make the bill a bipartisan issue.

“I think you’re going to be pleasantly surprised that you’re going to find a friendly reception on this side of the aisle,” he said to Oyanadel.

Jackson Beck ’17, the legislative coordinator of the Yale Democrats, testified with four other Yale students in support of the bill at the hearing in Hartford. Beck said he found the testimonies of other students, many of whom encountered difficulties because of their undocumented status, emotionally moving. He added that he had also delivered 650 letters of support from Yale students, through a tabling effort run by the Dems, to the committee earlier that month.

Oyanadel also said he would like to expand funding access

to a broader student population — a desire others who attended the hearing also expressed.

Democratic Rep. Edwin Vargas of Hartford, a cosponsor of Looney’s bill, echoed this sentiment, noting that he had originally introduced a similar, but more expansive, bill that did not limit state aid to only Dreamers. This bill was not raised by the legislature.

Expanding access is also a focus for Lucas Codognolla, lead director of Connecticut Students for a Dream — a grassroots organization composed of students and activists that works to provide undocumented students with access to higher education. However, he said he was also pleased with the support Looney had provided by testifying and challenging the committee to make the bill a priority.

The bill has been proposed in a legislative session during which Gov. Dannel Malloy has introduced two similar initiatives. The first, which Oyanadel said would not negatively impact the state’s finances, aims to lower the requisite number of years a student must attend a state high school to receive in-state tuition rates from four to two.

The second, Codognolla said, also aims to increase student access to state funding for college tuition by providing scholarships for Dreamers by setting up funds of $150,000 and $300,000 for the next two fiscal years, respectively.

These funds would be distributed by New Haven Promise, a nonprofit organization that already hands out scholarships to local students.

Codognolla said he believes New Haven Promise’s involvement stems from the state’s desire to avoid costs associated with setting up a method of distributing the funds.

The bills arrive in a legislative session where lawmakers are also wrestling with severe budget issues, from a projected $150.6 million deficit in the current fiscal year to a recent miscalculation leading to lowered spending caps.

Many state groups, including higher education institutions such as the University of Connecticut and the Connecticut State Universities system, have voiced concerns with the spending cuts in the budget Malloy proposed last week.

“The governor is proud to be a national leader on this issue [of tuition funding for undocumented students], and that’s why he’s proposed a certain amount of scholarship dollars for these students,” Malloy spokesman Devon Puglia told the News. “If the legislature ultimately passes a bill beyond what he has budgeted for, we will carefully review it.”

At least five states — California, Minnesota, New Mexico, Texas and Washington — currently offer undocumented students state financial aid.

Contact MICHELLE LIU at michelle.liu@yale.edu .

Committee supports worker rights bill

JOEY YE/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The Yale Law School has a tertiary grading system for second and third years. Students receive one of three grades: honors, pass or low pass.

BY PHOEBE KIMMELMAN STAFF REPORTER In the wake of an announcement on new grading policies, Yale Law School students and faculty expressed mixed views on the school’s unorthodox system of grading.

Unlike many law schools around the country, the law school has a tertiary grading system in the second and third years in which professors assign students one of three grades: honors, pass or low pass. The first year employs credit/fail grading.

In a school-wide email sent last week, Yale Law School Dean Robert Post wrote to students that the school’s Grading Review Committee had approved two proposals to revise the grading system.

The first proposal changed the description of honors that will appear on students’ transcripts to reflect that the grade represents “superior mastery” as opposed to work “significantly superior to the average level of performance.” Secondly, the committee agreed to do away with “studentawarded credits” that law school students earned through participation in student activities and journals. Instead, a faculty member will be able to award credit for such activities upon evaluation.

“The change in the description [of the honors grade] was just an attempt to update the description to better update our practices,” Kysar said. “I don’t think it will change the grading norms or the current grading practices.

I think it will just now reflect the way people are giving out grades.”

Kysar said there is a wide range of opinions among faculty members on the law school’s threetier grading system, but there is no strong consensus for any type of reform. He added that from his own experience, compared to the traditional A-F grading format that he has used at other law schools, Yale Law School’s system seems limited.

Kysar also said that if the law school commits to a view that it is admitting some of the best law students in the world, all students should be awarded the

highest grade. Thus, he said, the law school should eventually either convert to a simple pass/ fail system or use traditional letter grades.

“The current [system] is a halfway compromise that doesn’t really make sense,” he said.

Similarly, Phoebe Clarke LAW ’15 said the problem with having such great range within each grade is that students do not have a clear idea of how they performed compared to their classmates.

However, Clarke said she thinks her peers are generally content with the school’s grading scale.

Law school professor James Silk said much of the contention over the grading system at the law school stems from the lack of a consistent view on what each of the three grades means, and there is a particularly wide range of interpretation regarding the honors grade.

Similarly, Beezly Kiernan LAW ’16 said students can expect a higher probability of getting an honors or a pass, while the low pass grade is rarely given.

“Effectively right now we have an H/P system. You either get an H or you get a P, and it’s almost expected that in certain classes you’ll get an H and in other classes … you’ll probably get a P,” he said. “It’s a binary, but it’s a weird binary that doesn’t really map onto that [many] characteristics of the individual.”

Kiernan said that instead he would be in favor of a simple pass/ fail system, akin to what is used for first-years, primarily because the skills demonstrated on law exams do not accurately reflect future performance in law.

However, Silk said the current three-tier system actually enables the law school to maintain many of the values inherent in a nograde policy, such as a cooperative learning environment in which students are willing to take intellectual risks.

Individual class rank and GPA are not calculated at the law school.

Contact PHOEBE KIMMELMAN at phoebe.kimmelman@yale.edu .

JON VICTOR/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The Human Services Committee of the New Haven Board of Alders offered its support to a group of advocates for domestic workers’ rights.

BY NOAH KIM AND JON VICTOR STAFF REPORTERS Roughly 35 people gathered at City Hall Thursday evening to hear testimony outlining the need for laws guaranteeing domestic workers’ fundamental labor rights.

The Human Services Committee of the New Haven Board of Alders offered its support for a state bill that seeks to guarantee domestic workers the same rights as other workers. The committee eventually voted to recommend that the Board of Alders pass a resolution to endorse the Domestic Worker’s Bill of Rights, a bill that would provide domestic workers with employee rights from which they are currently excluded.

The Labor and Public Employees Committee of the Connecticut General Assembly is currently reviewing the bill.

The hearing comes several days after a group of five domestic workers filed a lawsuit against Auntie Bella, a Connecticut-based housecleaning company. Among those presenting at the committee meeting were former employees of the company, other domestic workers, alders and legal experts.

“Today, I cried to have to be here in the 21st century asking for basic rights,” domestic worker Maria Lima Rodriguez said during her testimony. An immigrant from Brazil, Rodriguez said she has consistently been paid less than $7 per hour while working as a housecleaner in Fairfield County.

Domestic worker Elvira Vargas, a former Auntie Bella employee, urged the committee to support the resolution during the hearing, telling the members that she had consistently been paid less than minimum wage since she had started working for the company nine years ago. Vargas said that instead of paying an hourly wage, Auntie Bella paid her $20 per house cleaned, which amounted to around $360 for 60 hours of work per week.

Joanna Vincent LAW ’15, a student who works at Yale’s Legislative Advocacy Clinic, which represents the Brazilian Immigrant Center branch in Bridgeport, told the News that the purpose of the Domestic Worker’s Bill of Rights is to correct a “complex array of exclusions that pervade Connecticut’s labor laws.”

Today, I cried to have to be here in the 21st century asking for basic rights.

MARIA LIMA RODRIGUEZ Domestic worker According to Vincent, domestic workers are denied a number of protections available to almost all other employees in Connecticut, including workplace discrimination laws, sexual harassment laws and worker compensation laws.

James Bhandary-Alexander, a local attorney who represents low-wage workers, said the exclusions date back to the National Labor Relations Act of 1935, adding that the federal laws were eventually passed down to the state level.

“It’s a legacy of the past that the legislature won’t believe exists,” Bhandary-Alexander said.

Vincent said she believes that a supportive resolution passed by the New Haven Board of Alders would be seriously considered by state legislators.

The Domestic Worker’s Bill of Rights was proposed by the Connecticut Domestic Worker’s Taskforce, which was founded last June. The Task Force is a bipartisan effort including members of the state legislature, the Connecticut Department of Labor, domestic workers, domestic worker employers and domestic worker advocates.

The bill is supported by many organizations and companies, including the National Domestic Workers Alliance, Junta for Progressive Action and New Haven Legal Assistance.

Natalicia Tracy, executive director of the Brazilian Immigrant Center and a member of the Taskforce on Domestic Workers, said the task force demands that workers are paid the full amount promised by their employers, that workers are compensated for overtime work and that workers who live in their employer’s homes have a right to privacy.

Tracy added that employers should be required to notify workers in advance if they no longer need their services and that they should outline their expectations of their employees in the form of a written contract.

“If you live in a home and you are fired without cause, you become homeless,” Tracy said.

Nicole Hallett LAW ’08, a teaching fellow at Yale Law School, noted that many employers end up accidentally violating labor rights simply because the current domestic labor laws are so difficult to understand.

Hallett added that a bill of rights for domestic workers could clarify these misunderstandings and address the issue that the isolated nature of domestic work makes such employees more vulnerable to exploitation.

“When you take care of someone’s mother, when you clean someone’s home, you by necessity have to develop a personal relationship with that person,” Hallett said. “I think this personal relationship makes domestic workers uniquely vulnerable to abuse.”

In Connecticut, there are approximately 42,000 domestic workers who serve as housekeepers, nannies and caregivers in private homes, according to the National Domestic Workers Alliance.

Contact NOAH KIM at noah.kim@yale.edu and JON VICTOR at jon.victor@yale.edu .

PAGE 6

YALE DAILY NEWS · FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT

“A leader is a dealer in hope.”

NAPOLÉON BONAPARTE FRENCH MILITARY AND POLITICAL LEADER

FFY protests “complete lack of transparency”

LARRY MILSTIEN/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

On Thursday afternoon, roughly a dozen members of Fossil Free Yale, a student group advocating divestment, gathered outside Woodbridge Hall to protest the Yale Corporation’s lack of transparency and accountability.

FOSSIL FREE YALE FROM PAGE 1 Advisory Committee on Investor Responsibility, the Yale Corporation Committee on Investor Responsibility already met last Saturday.

FFY Project Manager Mitch Barrows ’16 said Thursday’s demonstration is in direct response to the secrecy of the Corporation’s meeting schedule.

One of the signs unveiled by the group prominently displayed five silhouettes intended to represent members of the Corporation, FFY communications director Chelsea Watson ’17 said. Phrases inside the fig-

ures charged the Corporation with “ignoring student voices,” “putting profit over people” and “denying dialogue.”

Watson said this criticism of the Corporation is not unique to FFY but is also shared by other campus groups who find themselves similarly frustrated with a lack of administrative engagement, including those pushing for mental health and cultural center reform. She said FFY had previously tried to work through official channels to engage with members of the Corporation, but had little success and is now employing a “more confrontational” strategy.

“A year has gone by and we feel not much has changed,” Watson said.

However, compared to Divest Harvard, a similar pro-divestment student group at Harvard University, FFY’s actions appear relatively tame.

Earlier this month, roughly 20 students from Divest Harvard stormed Harvard’s equivalent of Woodbridge Hall and occupied the president’s office for hours.

At today’s demonstration, FFY representatives said they had no intent of entering the administrative building.

Still, Glowa said comparing the two groups was not a worth-

while exercise.

“The comparison to Harvard is a bit inappropriate since they received a ‘No’ from their administration way before Yale, and their campaign has a different strategy,” he said.

In August, University President Peter Salovey announced the CCIR did not recommend divestment after applying the standards and process the Corporation had long maintained for considering the ethical principles in managing the endowment. Salovey outlined that the University would instead pursue six new sustainability initiatives, ranging from piloting a

Black experience discussed at screening

carbon charge at Yale to adopting third-party verification of emission data.

Still, Barrows said the response failed to address the entirety of FFY’s proposal, including arguments based on climate justice.

“In utilizing this narrow argument, Yale has ignored not only the grave social injury committed against those most vulnerable to the devastating effects of climate change, but also the futures of its students,” he said.

“Yale must think beyond sustainability and respond to climate injustice.”

He added that today’s actions

SKYLER INMAN/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

BLACK VOICES FROM PAGE 1 Ferguson with other community leaders during the unrest, added that an understanding of the systemic racial history of America needs to be more widespread.

“The problem is that white Americans over history have made this system the way it is,” Bennett said. “None of us question, ‘Why were whites so insecure that they had to create this system in the first place?’”

In addition to responding to questions from moderators, attendees also contributed to the town hall-style discussion with concerns regarding New Haven’s black community.

New Haven resident Ernestine Pagan questioned how invested New Haven police officers are in the welfare of the community outside of parole hours.

“How many cops actually live in the city of New Haven? How many are actually dealing with the city?” Pagan asked the panel, eliciting applause from the crowd. “What do you do when you take that uniform off?”

Lieutenant Anthony McFadden of the NHPD said that while his community involvement comes from his role as a coach of a local basketball team, he is also proud of the city’s many youth programs.

Gregory Foster, another New Haven

resident, acknowledged certain shortcomings of the NHPD but said there also needs to be an effort within the black community to reduce crime.

“There are drugs, there are raids, there’s prostitution. [The NHPD is] just understaffed. But what we need is to build together as a community,” Foster said.

The event, which was hosted by Glen Worthy, principal of the New Haven Adult and Continuing Education Center, was celebrated as part of Black History Month.

Contact SKYLER INMAN at skyler.inman@yale.edu .

Contact LARRY MILSTEIN at larry.milstein@yale.edu .

Harp looks to cut $2.3 million BUDGET FROM PAGE 1

Roughly 200 New Haven residents gathered at The Criterion Theater Thursday morning for a discussion about race relations in America.

are the first of many slated this spring for FFY, including efforts to join other campus divestment movements to collectively escalate pressure.

Watson said FFY plans to continue escalating its pressure on the Yale Corporation in the coming days. The group is slated to unveil a specific “call to action” for the CCIR alongside a demonstration by the end of next week, she added.

“We don’t have a choice but to divest and we are not going away,” Glowa said.

PILOT funding during deliberations of Gov. Dannel Malloy’s proposal. He added that, after Harp’s experience deliberating 21 state budget proposals as a state senator, she is confident that circumstances will change in New Haven’s favor before Malloy’s proposal is finalized in June.

Grotheer said Harp is determined to balance the city budget without tax hikes to avoid burdening New Haven residents.

Clerkin said city officials were able to maintain tax rates due to $5 million in lingering savings from refinanced debts on the expenditure side of the budget.

The Finance Department took advantage of lower interest rates in recent years to pay back debts, Clerkin said.

The city has also reduced projected spending on overtime pay by filling vacancies in the Fire Department and the Police Department, Clerkin said. The proposed budget also eliminates 10 positions in the Fire Department to cut additional spending.

Clerkin said that while the city’s net expenses were cut, the mayor’s plan includes several increased expenditures, including new hires to fill gaps in city government. The mayor’s plan accounts for 23 new positions across city departments, for a net increase of 13 in the number of city employees. The new city employees include five hires in the health department, four new employees in the public library system, one in information technology and a new assistant to the small business director, Jacqueline James.

“The new positions are a demonstration that the city is able to do more with less as the mayor promised,” Grotheer said.

Clerkin added that the budget proposal was viable without tax increases because the city had seen an increase in the tax collection rate since the last fiscal year from 97.7 to 98.2 percent. The higher rate would allow the city to maintain tax rates, Clerkin said, even though the city’s “grand list” — an aggregate sum of tax revenue — saw a decrease of close to 1 percent over the past year.

The next step in the budget process will be public hearings run by the Board of Alders Finance Committee, Downtown Alder Abby Roth said in an email to residents of Ward 7 Thursday evening. She added that although she is not a member of the committee, she will closely follow the discussions. The first public hearing will be followed by several budget workshops throughout March and April during which city departments will make presentations to the Board of Alders, Roth added. The board will vote on Harp’s proposal during a special budget meeting at 7 p.m. on May 26.

“Now it’s all within the purview of the alders,” Grotheer said.

Ward 1 Alder Sarah Eidelson ’12 said she expected a long deliberation process in the Board of Alders after Harp submits her proposal on March 1.

“The budget process is more than just the schedule though,” she said. “It really goes on all year long.”

Contact ERICA PANDEY at erica.pandey@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 7

NEWS

“Drugs are a bet with your mind.”

JIM MORRISON AMERICAN SINGER

Two arrested Wesleyan students will plead not guilty

WIKIMEDIA COMMONS

Last Sunday, 10 Wesleyan students and two visitors to campus were hospitalized after overdosing on Molly. Although the incident led to four arrests, the students’ attorneys ask the public to reserve judgment on their culpability.

BY STEPHANIE ADDENBROOKE STAFF REPORTER Attorneys and students are urging the public to reserve judgment on the four Wesleyan students who were arrested Tuesday night with an assortment of drug charges.

Last Sunday, 10 Wesleyan students and two visitors to campus received medical attention after overdosing on Molly, commonly understood as a term for a refined form of ecstasy, Saturday night.

The Middletown Police Department immediately launched an investigation and announced at a Tuesday press conference that four students — Zachary Kramer, Eric Lonergan, Andrew Olson and Rama Agha al-Nakib — were arrested. However, while the four students arrested are being charged with unlawful possession of drugs, attorneys for two of the four students have announced that their clients will

plead not guilty, claiming they had no part in the incident.

In a Wednesday press conference, attorney Jennifer Zito encouraged the public to be mindful of the presumption of innocence. Her client, Zachary Kramer, has a perfect grade point average and a bright future ahead of him, she added.

This scenario will play out again … until we end drug prohibition and replace it with laws based on justice.

ANDREW OLSON Co-president, Students for Sensible Drug Policy at Wesleyan “We ask that you wait until all the facts are in before you make any judgments,” she said in a

statement.

Even though the prosecutor, Eugene Calistro Jr., said at the arraignment hearing Wednesday that Lonergan had “essentially a drugstore in his room,” his attorney, Jake Donovan, confirmed in a press conference that there was no actual allegation that his client had sold any of the substances that had led to the serious overdoses this past weekend.

“At this point, they are misdemeanor charges,” he said. “[I don’t have] the benefit of the chemical test results, so everything is up in the air at this point.”

Olson is the founder and copresident of Wesleyan’s chapter of Students for Sensible Drug Policy. While the national organization declined to comment on the criminal investigation, a statement by the executive director of the organization said that it neither condones nor condemns drug use, but that they

are saddened when someone is injured as a result of drug use.

“At Wesleyan, one in 13 students was disciplined for a drug violation in 2013, proving that this scenario will play out again and again until we end drug prohibition and replace it with laws based on justice, compassion, evidence and common sense,” the statement said.

Lt. Heather Desmond, spokesperson for the Middletown Police Department, declined to comment on the investigation; Lauren Rubenstein, Wesleyan’s associate manager for media relations and public relations, did not respond to repeated requests for comment Wednesday and Thursday. Two other employees of Wesleyan’s press office also did not respond.

None of the four students have yet to enter formal pleas, a court official told the Associated Press, but they were released on bond — $50,000 each for Loner-

State completes first homeless youth count

BY EDDY WANG STAFF REPORTER The Connecticut Coalition to End Homelessness is gathering and sorting through an estimated 11,000 surveys from the first statewide homeless youth count, which ended last Wednesday.

CCEH partnered with state and local organizations to conduct a month-long outreach effort in seven Connecticut cities, working with youth who have experienced homelessness to quantify Connecticut’s homeless youth population. With the help of a demographer, CCEH will use the data to estimate the state’s homeless population below 18 years of age.

The count specifically targets unaccompanied homeless youth who do not live with a homeless family. This category has traditionally been under-represented in the annual Point in Time count of homeless populations because most of these youth do not live in shelters.

“The way that the shelter system is set up in Connecticut

doesn’t do a very good job of capturing youth who are experiencing homelessness,” said Brian Roccapriore, director of homeless management information systems and strategic analysis at CCEH and the main coordinator for the youth count. “The [homeless] youth population looks a lot different from the [homeless] adult population in that [youth] are more likely to be doubled and tripled up, living in hotel, motel situations, staying with friends.”

Another challenge in determining the number of homeless youth is that some youths living without a stable home do not consider themselves to be homeless, said Kelly Traister, quality assurance manager for the homelessness assistance organization New Reach. Traister, who is also the lead coordinator for New Haven’s homeless youth count, added that some youths who might be “couch hopping” among different friends and family members might not characterize their housing situation as unstable.

Last year, the Connecticut PIT

count identified five unaccompanied homeless persons under the age of 18, none of whom were in New Haven. However, Jason Bartlett, Youth Services Director of New Haven, said he has heard some estimates that there are 400 homeless children in New Haven alone over the course of a year.

Roccapriore said the homeless youth count was spurred by the knowledge that there is no concrete data for the number of homeless youth in Connecticut.

“The purpose of this [count] isn’t to specifically direct services at individuals, because in a lot of cases and in a lot of the areas where we did [the count], the services don’t exist. So it’s more to identify what the scope and breadth of the problem is so we go ahead and advocate for the proper resources in those areas,” he said.

Roccapriore said state legislators have recently proposed bills that would support homeless children and that the homeless youth count results will give more credibility to these bills and to organizations supporting the

legislation.

Traister noted that around 150 youths in New Haven have completed surveys. They were surveyed on the New Haven Green, at libraries, near Gateway Community College and on parts of Whalley Avenue. A group of high school students also conducted a homeless youth survey at High School in the Community, where they collected 80 surveys by using raffles and free snacks as incentives.

Duron Gaskins, one of two formerly homeless youth who worked with Traister in the New Haven homeless youth count, said he has gone through multiple periods of homelessness that have been mentally scarring. He got involved with the homeless youth count because he hopes that youth will not have to experience what he has gone through.

The results of the survey will be published along with the PIT count in May. Contact EDDY WANG at chen-eddy.wang@yale.edu .

gan and Al Nakib, and $5,000 for Kramer. The fourth student, Olson, posted $175,000 bond on Tuesday.

However, despite claims that the students’ charges are not related to the Molly incident of this past weekend, the Associated Press reported that student witnesses at the arraignment hearings attributed the events of this past weekend to Lonergan, al-Nakib and Kramer.

Police officers at the hearing said they found 197 nitrousoxide cartridges and amphetamine pills in Kramer’s dorm room, and Al-Nakib told police that one of her friends bought the Molly from Kramer and “came home puking and hallucinating.” Other witnesses told police Kramer was at the party Saturday night and that he has been known to sell Molly on campus in the past.

Only one student remains hospitalized, Desmond told the

News Thursday. Because the family wants to respect the privacy of the student involved, she said, so the current status of the student is unknown.

On Tuesday, Wesleyan President Michael Roth sent a campus-wide email discussing the arrests, informing the community that they are taking the allegations very seriously and that the University is continuing to work with state and local officials on the investigation.

“None of us want to see arrests on our campus, but even less do we want to see ambulances rushing from our residences with students whose lives are in danger,” the email said.

The students were immediately suspended from Wesleyan upon their arrest. They will return to court on March 3.

Contact STEPHANIE ADDENBROOKE at stephanie.addenbrooke@yale.edu .

PAGE 8

YALE DAILY NEWS · FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

NEWS

“Photography is a way of feeling, of touching, of loving. What you have caught on film is captured forever.” AARON SISKIND AMERICAN PHOTOGRAPHER

New photo lab to open Library, the Yale Law School and the Department of Athletics. At LML, Messier said, he will use the survey as a springboard for finding new ways of understanding and preserving photographs’ material composition.

Messier said his goal is to study art, which can be highly subjective, from an objective perspective. In this regard, the lab will analyze the chemical, physical and mechanical aspects of the 20th century photographic papers, curated for the past 20 years, that Messier will bring with him to Yale.

“The goal is to capture the genome of 20th century blackand-white printing before it disappears,” Messier said. “Photographs are losing any sort of material tether — they’re disintegrating into the cloud. It’s a historic transition.”

BY AMANDA BUCKINGHAM STAFF REPORTER A new research lab at Yale’s Institute for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage will bring photography conservation and preservation into focus.

Construction is currently ongoing for the Lens Media Laboratory, a facility devoted to the study of the material and cultural significance of “lens made” images. The facility is a product of a $6.6 million anonymous donation announced in late February. One of the world’s leading photography conservators, Paul Messier, will head the lab, which is expected to be fully operational this fall, said director of the IPCH Stefan Simon. As part of the donation, Messier’s reference collection of 20th century photographic papers will also come to Yale.

“Photography is a field with growing importance,” Simon said. “Right now, there are not a lot of labs devoted to the conservation of lens media, so [LML] is a huge asset that enables us to put Yale on the map in this expanding field.”

Simon said construction on the lab — which will be equipped with technology such as multispectral and reflection transformation imaging, various types of microscopy and 3D scanners — will be finished in early summer. More equipment may be purchased at Messier’s discretion once he arrives at Yale, Simon added.

Besides being one of the foremost experts in photography conservation, Messier is very familiar with Yale’s photographic collections, Simon said. In 2010, he was part of a team that surveyed 82 repositories of photographs, including those at the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript

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The goal is to capture the genome of 20th century black-and-white printing before it disappears.

PAUL MESSIER Art conservator Simon said the lab will also use the reference collection to address the issue of forgeries in photography. If the composition of the photograph contains materials, such as detergents, that had yet to be used in the time period during which it was made, then there is strong evidence that it is a fake, he said. Not only is the artist’s legacy degraded and the buyer at a loss — the public is also a victim of deception.

As a lab for conversation and

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preservation, LML will also be involved in work to prevent the decay of photographs and prolong their lifespan. For digital photographs, he added, one of the major issues is that the hardware used to display them quickly becomes out-of-date.

Though an assistant scientist and a research fellow will also join the lab, Simon said the space will be the site for major collaboration with other research labs at the IPCH, as well as Yale museums and academic departments. Chief Conservator at the Yale University Library Christine McCarthy said the library’s extensive photographic collections will foster collaboration with the lab regarding inquiries into conservation and material composition.

Messier said he also hopes to form partnerships with the Computer Science and Statistics Departments at Yale in order to help turn art into a useful data set for research.

In this regard, the lab will be an important step forward in Yale’s growing involvement with the digital humanities, said American Studies and Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies professor Laura Wexler. She added that the lab will be a “generative” space for students, faculty and conservators to collaborate on photography research.

Meg McHale ’17, a member of the Yale Photography Society, said she is excited about the new lab because photography is often lost in the shuffle of Yale’s other renowned arts programs. She added that she hopes its location on West Campus would not limit student participation in the lab’s research endeavors.

9th Note jazz bar seeks new location

Contact AMANDA BUCKINGHAM at amanda.buckingham@yale.edu .

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MICHELLE LIU/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

After multiple noise complaints and eviction notices, The 9th Note agreed to move to a new location.

BY CAROLINE HART STAFF REPORTER After facing threats of eviction starting last November, The 9th Note jazz bar and restaurant reached a settlement with landlord Ninth Square Project Limited Partnership on Thursday.

Over the past few months, owner of The 9th Note Chris O’Dowd received four eviction notices, which stated that O’Dowd had failed to pay rent on time and violated the lease agreement by playing excessively loud music at the bar. Kevin Casini, the lawyer representing O’Dowd, requested a temporary injunction to delay eviction and settle with the landlord. After O’Dowd disputed the allegations, the case ended up in the hands of a New Haven Superior Court judge, who met with both parties in court on Thursday. O’Dowd said he reached an agreement with the judge and landlord on Thursday morning and that he is currently looking for a new location for the bar, currently located at 56 Orange St. “My hope is not to close, just to move,” O’Dowd said on Thursday. “We are looking for a new home.”

Casini said there was an “amicable agreement” on Thursday morning about the complaints against the bar, but he declined to comment further about the nature of the agreement.

The Ninth Square Project could not immediately be reached for comment on Thursday.

The Ninth Square Project first filed a complaint with the New Haven court last

year, alleging that the noise from the jazz club was disturbing neighbors who live above the club. In response, O’Dowd contacted the New Haven Department of Public Health to test out the club’s noise levels, which were found to be within the regulated limits, O’Dowd told the News in January.

O’Dowd also said in January that he thought he would not be forced to vacate the spot, as the New Haven Office of Economic Development was helping resolve the issue.

Matthew Nemerson SOM ’81, New Haven’s economic development administrator, said the city will support the business in its search for a new location if they do move.

He explained that the noise complaints are a result of Orange Street’s development from a business district to a residential area.

“As New Haven’s reputation grows as a place for people to hang out on the evenings and on weekends, some places are changing into entertainment venues,” Nemerson said.

“These things are good but come with complications.”

Although The 9th Note may be displaced from the downtown area, by this spring there will be a new music venue, College Street Music Hall, to fill its niche. The project, led by the New Haven Center for Performing Arts, involves transforming the vacant Palace Theater on 238 College St. into a live music venue. The hall is within close proximity to other performance spaces including the Yale Repertory Theater, the Off Broadway Theater and Toad’s Place.

Contact CAROLINE HART at caroline.hart@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 27 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 9

AROUND THE IVIES T H E C O L U M B I A D A I LY S P E C TAT O R

Grad student unionization hinges on worker status

BY EMMA KOLCHIN-MILLER The ability of graduate teaching and research assistants at Columbia to unionize hinges on the debate over whether or not they can be defined as both students and workers.

In order to gain official recognition as a union, the Graduate Workers of Columbia, the group of graduate students petitioning the National Labor Relations Board for recognition, must prove that graduate teaching and research assistants are employees under the National Labor Relations Act. That would require the board to overturn a precedent set in a 2004 decision concerning Brown University, which stated that students have a “primarily educational, not economic, relationship with their university,” and thus do not enjoy a right to organize and collectively bargain.

“I think what they have to do is make the case that the dissent in Brown had the better view of the law,” Wilma Liebman, who served on the NLRB for 14 years and served as the chair from 2009 to 2011, said. Liebman was one of two board members who voted to classify teaching and research assistants as employees.

W h i l e NLRB precedent currently does not recognize private univerCOLUMBIA sity graduate unions, the board has gone back and forth for decades about whether graduate students can simultaneously be students and employees, and whether forming a union as employees will diminish the “student” aspect of the graduate experience.

When New York University graduate students similarly petitioned to be recognized as a union in 2000, the NLRB ruled that graduate teaching and research assistants are compensated for their services and therefore are employees with the right to unionize, after NYU recognized the union last year.

“Most of the graduate assistants are statutory employees, notwithstanding that they simultaneously are enrolled as students,” it said.

According to Thomas Meiklejohn, GWC’s lawyer and a partner at the law firm Livingston, Adler, Pulda, Meiklejohn & Kelly PC, the positions are not mutually exclu-

sive.

“The proposition that one cannot be both a student and an employee is really patently absurd,” Meiklejohn said in an email.

According to Liebman, the former chair of the NLRB, the majority in Brown saw teaching and research assistant positions for graduate students as “a manifestation of their educational requirements” rather than jobs that fall under the purview of the Act. However, Valerie Bondura, a member of GWC and second year graduate student in the anthropology department, says Columbia treats her as an employee and a student, with funding largely dependent on teaching.

“Two-thirds of my total pay is in biweekly paychecks, and that is directly tied to my teaching,” Bondura said. “Columbia does list me as an employee in their systems, they pay me hourly, they determine how many hours I work a week.”

As the board reviews GWC’s petition to unionize, it must take into account the Brown decision’s warnings of the dangers of allowing graduate students to collectively bargain.

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YALE DAILY NEWS · FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

SPORTS

“When people see your personality come out, they feel so good, like they actually know who you are.” USAIN BOLT OLYMPIC SPRINTER

Elis face Colgate, Cornell in regular season finale MEN’S HOCKEY FROM PAGE 12 will give Yale much better positioning in the ECAC tournament with a first-round playoff bye.

In the Ivy League, Yale currently sits atop first place with 14 points, although Dartmouth is behind by just one. The Big Green will face Princeton on Friday, and a loss to the Tigers would mean Yale would clinch its 12th Ancient Eight title since 1981 and the first since its 2012–13 National Championship season. If Dartmouth wins, Yale can still earn sole possession of the title with a win against Cornell on Saturday.

The last time the Bulldogs took on the Raiders, in November, the Elis came away with a 3–1 victory off of goals by three different Bulldogs and a stellar performance by goaltender Alex Lyon ’17. Colgate, currently ranked fourth in the ECAC, is coming off of a home sweep against Union and RPI. While Yale boasts the top-ranked defense with an average of 1.59 goals per game and the No. 2 goalie in the nation in Lyon, Colgate has also excelled on defense this year.

The Raiders are ranked No. 7 in the

nation and have the NCAA shutout leader this year, Charlie Finn, in net. Tyson Spink and Kyle Baun lead Colgate with 12 goals each.

Forward Frankie DiChiara ’17 noted that the team has been focused on securing a first-round bye and the Ivy League title for the past four months.

“We have a chance to clinch a bye on Friday night for the first round of the playoffs against Colgate and then Saturday night against Cornell we have a chance to win the Ivy league. Both of these are goals that we had established for ourselves at the beginning of the year so it’s important that we go out and take care of business,” DiChiara said. “Clinching a bye is huge for us, getting that extra week to get everyone rested and healthy is important as we look to make a long postseason run throughout the playoffs.”

The competition will only get stiffer for the Bulldogs on Saturday night as they face off against the Big Red and the No. 3 defense in the nation. Leading Cornell’s defense, which has allowed just 1.85 goals per game this season, is top-ranked goaltender Mitch Gil-

lam. The last time Yale and Cornell met, the Big Red dealt the Bulldogs a 3–2 loss despite Yale outshooting the Big Red by a wide margin.

Christian Hilbrich carries Cornell’s offensive force, and he currently leads the team with eight goals.

With the ECAC tournament looming on the horizon next week, Yale has already secured home ice should they play in the first round.

If they clinch a bye, tournament competition for the Bulldogs will begin with quarterfinals on March 13.

“This is a huge weekend for us moving into the ECAC tournament,” defenseman Ryan Obuchowski ’16 said. “With these games carrying so much weight a sweep this weekend will give us momentum and confidence to hopefully carry us a long way into the postseason.”

Both pucks are scheduled to drop on Friday and Saturday at 7 p.m. at Ingalls Rink.

Contact ALEX WALKER at alex.e.walker@yale.edu and MARC CUGNON at marc.cugnon@yale.edu.

YALE DAILY NEWS

The men’s hockey team has given up just 1.59 goals per game on average this season — the lowest average in the nation.

Bulldogs head to Heps TRACK AND FIELD FROM PAGE 12 they are on the rise, and many athletes think this will be Yale’s best year in recent memory.

“I feel that as a whole, this is the most ready our team has been in the four years I’ve been here,” women’s captain Kira Garry ’15 said.

The Bulldog teams will need to build upon the individual success they have had throughout the season in order to see improved results this year.

On the men’s side, the running Bulldogs will hope to see more of the same from sophomores James Randon ’17 and MarcAndré Alexandre ’17, who compete in the mid-distance races and sprints, respectively. Both men have brought home firstplace medals throughout the season, and both placed in the top five in last year’s championship as freshmen.

Randon, despite competing in a very strong field of milers, is confident he can finish close to the top, if not win his race.

“There have been a number of us attacking that four-minute mile barrier,

and coming very close, but not quite getting it,” Randon said. “I honestly think four to five guys will enter this weekend expecting to win, myself included.”

In the field, thrower Luke Persichetti ’17 looks to better his strong season performance after taking third in a meet against Harvard and Princeton earlier in the season, while pole vaulter Brendan Sullivan ’16 aims to continue his own success, finishing among the top three several times this season.

Sullivan added that while personal bests are not necessary for success at Heps, performances consistent with the rest of the season will set the Bulldogs up to hurdle where they have historically finished.

“I think our team is ready to improve off of last years performance, but we aren’t looking for any show stopping performances,” Randon said. “[The coaches] expect the best out of us, and I think we will deliver.”

The Yale women’s squad will also look to improve over last year’s results. Like the men, they expect big performances from their top competitors to drive them

towards success.

Leading the way is Emily Waligurski ’17, who runs the middle-distance races and anchors the women’s 4 x 880 yard relay.

After individual success throughout the season, she said she is excited about her individual chances and team prospects this weekend.

“This weekend is our chance to make it all worthwhile and to prove to the other teams, as well as to ourselves, that our team is a force to be reckoned with,” Waligurski said. “We plan to show the [Ivy League] what we can accomplish as a team that has stayed focused on the goal throughout the season.”

The two-day competition dictates that qualifying trials will be held on Saturday and final races will be run on Sunday, giving participants a chance perform at their peak in each race.

Racing begins Saturday at 10:45 a.m. and Sunday at 11 a.m. The awards ceremony will take place at 5:15 p.m.

Contact ADAM JENKINSON at adam.jenkinson@yale.edu .

Elis host Tigers, Quakers MEN’S BASKETBALL FROM PAGE 12 have to rely on a slip-up by the fourtime defending champions from Cambridge, something that Yale players want to avoid.

“We’re in control of our own destiny at this point. If we take care of business in our last four games, we don’t have to rely on the luck of how other teams’ games go,” Townsend said. “So we’ll focus on just Princeton and Penn for now, and not think about Harvard and Dartmouth until Monday.”

Yale’s weekend of must-win contests begins against a Princeton squad that fell to Yale 81–73 in New Jersey just two

weekends ago. But the Tigers have posted an impressive conference resume consisting of a 12-point victory over Columbia in addition to not having lost a single Ivy contest by more than eight points.

Princeton lacks a star player on the level of Columbia’s Maodo Lo, who scored a game-high 18 in Columbia’s victory over Yale, but the Tigers have impressive balance at the top of their roster. Four Tigers average more than nine points per game, and four Tigers have knocked down at least 37 three-pointers this year, all at a clip of 34.8 percent or better.

Such perimeter shooting would be a welcome sight for the Elis, as they shot just 23.8 percent from beyond the arc as a

KATHRYN CRANDALL/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

Forward Justin Sears ’16 is the team’s leading scorer and rebounder this season.

team last weekend.

On Saturday, Yale will turn its attention to the Quakers, who have lost at least seven conference games in five of their six seasons under head coach Jerome Allen. The Quakers are mired in a fivegame losing streak, losing those contests by an average of 19.6 points, including a 27-point throttling at the hands of the Elis.

Nevertheless, this Ivy season in particular has demonstrated that no game can be taken for granted, as evidenced by 3–7 Dartmouth having dealt 9–1 Harvard its only loss this season. The Bulldogs will look to their senior leadership to make sure that they are not taken down by the dangerous teams who wish to play spoiler.

“It’s just maturity,” forward Justin Sears ’16 said. “We have a lot of seniors, and they only have four games left in the regular season. So they’re going to try to enjoy each game and take them one game at a time and make the most of it. And we’ll have a big sense of urgency right now.”

History, however, is on Yale’s side, as the Elis have swept the home weekend against Princeton and Penn each of the last two seasons. The Bulldogs have won three straight contests against the Tigers in the friendly confines of John J. Lee Amphitheater and have dealt the Quakers five straight losses.

Two weeks ago, the Bulldogs swept the pair thanks to hot shooting, hitting 54.0 percent from the field against Penn and 58.3 percent against Princeton. The squads from New Jersey and Pennsylvania struggle with their perimeter defense, ranking last in the Ivy League in shooting percentages allowed from the floor and beyond the arc. This bodes well for Yale, who looks to get back on track offensively after failing to find its rhythm last weekend.

Both games this weekend tip off at 7 p.m., and Saturday’s game is the team’s Senior Night.

Contact JAMES BADAS at james.badas@yale.edu and ASHLEY WU at ashley.e.wu@yale.edu .

Yale looks to pull upsets W. BASKETBALL FROM PAGE 12 The only remaining undefeated team in Division I women’s basketball, Princeton tops the Ivy League in points per game with 77.6 as well as field goal percentage, shooting 49.7 percent. By comparison, the Bulldogs are second to last in both categories, with 60.1 points per game and shooting 36.6 percent.

The Tigers boast four doubledigit scoring players, led by senior guard — and five-time winner of the Ivy League Player of the Week honor this season — Blake Dietrick with 14.8 points per game, enough for fifth in the conference. Dietrick, however, was limited to only seven points in the Tigers’ previous game against Yale.

Instead, junior forward Alex Wheatley led Princeton’s offense in the last match, having scored 18 points by herself. Her average of 11.1 points per game is third on the team. Wheatley also tops the Ivy League at 59.8 percent shooting from the field, 17.4 percentage points higher than that of the highest-ranking Bulldog, forward Katie Werner ’17. Joining Wheatley as an offensive threat for the Tigers is junior forward Annie Tarakchian, who poured in 14 points against Yale last time and leads the team with 9.3 rebounds per game, enough for second in the league.

If Yale hopes to escape Princeton with the monumental upset, it will need to play stellar pressure defense, something that has been a strength of the Bulldogs all season.

“We hope to dictate tempo and stop Princeton’s transition,” Sarju said. “We think if we play Yale basketball and force them to turn the ball over, we will have a good game and the outcome will come as a result.”

The Quakers (16–7, 7–2) are

not a team to be overlooked, currently riding a five-game winning streak and ranking third in the conference with 61.4 points per game. Leading the team in scoring is sophomore center Sydney Stipanovich, who averages 10.7 points per game, two points more than that of Yale’s leading scorer, Simpson. Last season, Stipanovich was named the Ivy League Defensive Player of the Year as well as the Ivy League Rookie of Year, the first player in conference history to have ever won two Player of the Year awards in the same season. In Penn’s last contest against Yale, however, Stipanovich was limited to only six points, the fewest output of Penn’s starting players.

Rather than Stipanovich, 6’3” freshman forward Michelle Nwokedi led Penn in scoring last time around, scoring 13 points of her own. Averaging 8.1 points per game, Nwokedi has been named Ivy League Rookie of the Week five times this season and will likely be a major threat on Penn’s offense.

To top the Quakers, the Bulldogs need to follow their game plan in keeping the Quakers from getting mismatches and focus on good offensive rebounding, according to Sarju.

Guard Lena Munzer ’17 added that controlling the pace of the game will also be crucial for the Bulldogs.

“We have been preparing for their zone defense a lot at practice ... however, the biggest thing is going to be just inflicting our game on them,” Munzer said.

“Last time, we let them come to our home turf and set the pace of the game. We are all really excited to get a second shot at them.”

Tip-off is at 7 p.m. for both games this weekend.

Contact JULIA YAO at julia.yao@yale.edu .

KATHRYN CRANDALL/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

The Elis gave unbeaten Princeton a scare in the two teams’ first meeting earlier this year, losing by only six.

YALE DAILY NEWS · FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 11

BULLETIN BOARD

TODAY’S FORECAST

A chance of flurries after 11am. Mostly cloudy, with a high near 27. Wind chill values between 5 and 15.

TOMORROW High of 27, low of 11.

SUNDAY High of 32, low of 26.

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ON CAMPUS FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 27 3:00 PM Chinese Language and Culture: Remembering Henry C. Fenn. Director of the Center for the Study of Ancient Pyro-Technology Thomas Fenn will speak in the opening talk for a new exhibit in the East Asia Library entitled “Henry C. Fenn: American Chinese Language Authority and Early Western Traveler to China.” Sterling Memorial Library (120 High St.), Rm. 218.

4:00 PM The 20/21st Century Colloquium: Alex Woloch. Alex Woloch is an associate professor of English at Stanford University, where he works on literary theory and criticism, narrative theory and the history and theory of the novel. Linsly-Chittenden Hall (63 High St.), Rm. 319.

XKCD BY RANDALL MUNROE

SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 28 4:00 PM Scenic Painting Workshop. Join University Productions Tech Director Rorie Fitzsimons for a hands-on painting workshop. It will cover woodgraining and stone-texturing, two of the most common treatments used by scenic designers at Yale. Be sure to wear clothing you won’t mind getting dirty Students Only. University Theater (222 York St.), Dramat shop.

6:00 PM Opening Reception for the Art Exhibition: Irregular Rendition. Come to the opening reception for this exhibition!

Staged in conjunction with a Yale University symposium on art and law, “Irregular Rendition” extends the keyword of “law” to its full spectrum of uses. The show bridges these applications of law by examining process of “naturalization.” Fred Gampietro Gallery (1064 Chapel St.).

SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 19 7:00 PM Films at the Whitney. The Castle (Russia, 1994) 120 min. 35mm. Whitney Humanities Center (53 Wall St.), Aud.

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SPORTS MATT TOWNSEND ’15 ACADEMIC SUPERSTAR Townsend, a Rhodes Scholar, was named the Capital One Academic AllAmerica of the Year for men’s basketball this year. The forward, who has started 24 games this season, is a molecular, cellular and developmental biology major who carries a 3.98 GPA.

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BRITTNEY SOOKSENGDAO ’16 BEAMING WITH JOY The junior from Olathe, Kansas was named the ECAC Specialist of the Week after a score of 9.800 on beam in last weekend’s meet. That total, just 0.050 points below her career-best, was enough to take home first place in the event.

“Last time, we let [Penn] … set the pace of the game. We are all really excited to get a second shot at them.

LENA MUNZER ’17 WOMEN’S BASKETBALL

YALE DAILY NEWS · FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

Elis embark on last home weekend MEN’S BASKETBALL

Yale faces top two Ivy teams

BY JULIA YAO STAFF REPORTER Currently ranked third in the Ivy League and with only four Ivy games left in the season, the Yale women’s basketball team will have tough back-to-back games this weekend, traveling to face firstplace Princeton on Friday and second-place Penn the following day.

WOMEN’S BASKETBALL Two weeks ago, the Bulldogs (12–12, 6–4 Ivy) lost to the undefeated Tigers by only six points,

56–50, the narrowest margin that No. 14 Princeton (25–0, 9–0) has won a game by throughout its entire season.

“Seeing how close we came to beating Princeton the first time around made our team truly realize how dangerous we could be when all of us are working hard and are playing together,” guard Tamara Simpson ’18 said. “We hope to bring those same concepts and energy to Princeton this weekend to hopefully clinch the win this time.”

SEE W. BASKETBALL PAGE 10

KEN YANAGISAWA/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR

Point guard Javier Duren ’15 tied a season high with eight free throws made in Yale’s last game against Princeton.

BY JAMES BADAS AND ASHLEY WU STAFF REPORTERS While the final home games of student-athletes’ careers often inspire reflection and pride in what has been accomplished in years past, the seniors on the Yale men’s basketball team will focus more on what has yet to be achieved as they face Princeton and Penn this weekend in pursuit of an Ivy championship.

“It’s special to be playing our last games in [John J. Lee Amphitheater], but more importantly we have our eyes focused on sweeping the last two weekends and winning the Ivy League,” said forward Matt Townsend ’15, the first Ivy League player to be named Academic All-

American of the Year in men’s basketball.

“Any of these teams could play spoiler, so we know we have to play the full 40 minutes with all-out intensity.”

Only four conference games remain until the end of the regular season, and the Bulldogs remain within striking distance of their first Ivy League championship in over a decade.

Yale (19–8, 8–2 Ivy) sits one game behind first-place Harvard due to a loss in New Haven last Saturday against Columbia. Tonight’s game against Princeton (12–13, 5–4) marks the first league matchup of the season in which Yale will not enter with at least a share of first place in the conference.

“The main focus this week is to win,”

guard Javier Duren ’15 said. “I think we have a better understanding of how teams are going to come at us, especially when we’ve already beaten them.”

Trailing by a game and with four left to play — including a March 6 showdown against the Crimson in Cambridge — Yale’s margin of error has effectively vanished. Wins against Princeton and Penn (7–16, 2–7) are critical for the Elis to maintain control over their destiny heading into the final weekend of regular season play.

While Yale could still earn at least a share of the conference title with a loss this weekend, the Bulldogs would then

The fate of the Yale men’s ice hockey team rests in its own hands this weekend as they look to clinch both a bye in the opening round of this year’s ECAC tournament and potentially the Ivy League title.

MEN’S HOCKEY On Friday night, Yale (16–7–4, 11–6–3 ECAC) will take on Colgate (18–11–3, 10–7– 3). The No. 12 Bulldogs will attempt to fend off the No. 22 Raiders, who sit just two points back from the Elis in the ECAC standings. The next

BY ADAM JENKINSON CONTRIBUTING REPORTER

night, the Bulldogs will face Cornell (11–11–5, 9–8–3) in the last regular season matchup of the season.

“We’ve had a solid week of practice and we’re definitely ready for the weekend,” forward John Hayden ’17 said. “We are excited for the opportunity to play two tough opponents, and obviously this is a special weekend for our seniors.”

These final two matchups have huge implications for Bulldogs in terms of both ECAC and Ivy standings. While the Cleary Cup has already been claimed by Quinnipiac, Yale still has a chance to secure third place in the league with three points over the weekend. Just two points SEE MEN’S HOCKEY PAGE 10

BRIANNA LOO/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

If the Bulldogs win both games this weekend, they will clinch their 12th Ivy League title.

STAT OF THE DAY 8

Forward Meredith Boardman ’16 is one of eight players to have at least seven starts this season.

Elis aim for improvement

Bulldogs angle for postseason

BY ALEX WALKER AND MARC CUGNON CONTRIBUTING REPORTER AND STAFF REPORTER

SEE MEN’S BASKETBALL PAGE 10

KATHRYN CRANDALL/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

After two last-place finishes at the Ivy League Heptagonal Indoor Track and Field Championships last year, the Yale men’s and women’s teams are both optimistic and confident going into this year’s championships.

TRACK AND FIELD Both teams will travel to the Albert H. Gordon Indoor Track in Cambridge to take on the rest of the Ivy League in the two-day meet this weekend.

“We’re facing a lot of competition in a league steeped in tradition, which can be intimidating. But at the same time, this weekend presents a huge opportunity to demonstrate the hard work we’ve put in as a team,” Kate Raphael ’18 said. “We’ve made a lot of progress collectively and individually, and Heps is where all that hard work can come to fruition.”

Though the Bulldogs are optimistic about this weekend’s competition, history is not on their side. The men’s squad has not won the meet since 1961 and has finished in last place the last five years. Since the women’s competition began in 1981, the Elis have yet to bring home the championship and have finished last in five of the past six years.

Yet the Bulldogs firmly believe SEE TRACK AND FIELD PAGE 10

BRIANNA LOO/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

The Bulldogs have frequently finished in last place at the Heptagonal Indoor Championships.

THE NUMBER OF MEN ON THE YALE TRACK TEAM THAT HAVE PERSONAL RECORDS FOR THE MILE THAT ARE BELOW FOUR MINUTES AND 30 SECONDS. The track team will aim for new personal bests as they compete in the Heptagonal Indoor Track and Field Championship against Ivy foes.