NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT · TUESDAY, JANUARY 20, 2015 · VOL. CXXXVII, NO. 70 · yaledailynews.com
INSIDE THE NEWS MORNING EVENING
SUNNY CLOUDY
35 16
CROSS CAMPUS Thief! Reports of thefts on,
around and beyond campus have been multiplying of late. Several incidents inside the residential colleges preceded the ambush announced in Yale Police Department Chief Ronnell Higgins’ Monday night email to the community. Can never be too safe, kids.
MORE MONEY MORE MORALS, SAYS NEW STUDY
REMEMBERING KING
TEXT
In speech, Brown’s pastor says “to love the hell out of your haters.”
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PAGES 10-11 SCI-TECH
PAGE 5 UNIVERSITY
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MEN’S BASKETBALL
Bulldogs rout Bears
It’s not magic — it’s science.
The Cushing-Whitney Medical Library is hosting a YUL Ball & Exhibit Opening to celebrate the beginning of its “Harry Potter’s World: Renaissance Science, Magic and Medicine” showcase today. Do you have to be 21 in the state of Connecticut to drink butterbeer?
Too buttered up. The TD Butt (of 50-most fame) opened a new, renovated facility last night in an event that secured nearly 200 online RSVPs after promising tater tots and a credit card swipe machine. And far too much toilet humor — could be the Rumpus influence getting to them. You can try. A Sunday article
by investment research firm Morningstar analyzed David Swensen’s legendary portfolio management strategy to explain why others taking similar approaches shouldn’t necessarily expect success. Reading Swensen’s book, the writer said, does as much for an investor as wearing Michael Jordan’s shoes does for a basketball player.
Handing it off. Tonight, FOOT
leaders are hosting an info session for new devotees of the outdoors. Indoor homebodies need not apply.
Attn: Scott Walker. According
to an article in yesterday’s New York Times Upshot section, you can still drop out of college and have a shot at the U.S. Presidency. As recently as the Grover Cleveland days, a diploma wasn’t wholly necessary, the article noted, before commenting on Yale’s success in the Oval Office (we already knew that part).
Cry Wolff. Back in the political little leagues, the YPU will be debating “America’s most prominent Marxist economist,” Richard Wolff, tonight on the issue of nationalizing banks. THIS DAY IN YALE HISTORY
1989 Department officials announce that three YPD officers will be reassigned to the New Haven Police Department. Follow the News on Twitter.
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Basketball and hockey squads make quick work of the Brown Bears. PAGE 12 SPORTS
Freshman injured in fall from Bingham BY STEPHANIE ADDENBROOKE, RACHEL SIEGEL AND VIVIAN WANG STAFF REPORTERS
Knock on wood. As brutal as
last winter was, data from both NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration released this weekend indicate that 2014 was the warmest of the last 134 years. Not making any promises for this winter, but forecasts are pointing to something more tolerable than the Polar Vortex or Blizzard Nemo we’ve dealt with before.
SPORTS
In the Bulldogs’ biggest Ivy road win since 2009, the men’s basketball team thrashed Brown on the strength of doubledoubles from forward Justin Sears ’16 and guard Javier Duren ’15. PAGE 12 SPORTS
A Calhoun freshman was admitted to Yale-New Haven Hospital Monday afternoon with injuries sustained in a fall from the fourth floor of Bingham Hall, a freshman dormitory on Old Campus. University spokesman Tom Conroy confirmed in an email to the News that the Yale Police Department and New Haven EMTs responded to a 911 call shortly after 2 p.m. on Monday about a student who “had fallen from Bingham Hall.” “YPD and medical personnel arrived to find an injured student,” Conroy said. “The student was transported to Yale-New Haven Hospital, and is receiving treatment.” Yale College Dean Jonathan Holloway confirmed the incident in an email to Yale College students late Monday afternoon. According to Holloway, the student was conscious and alert when emergency responders arrived. At 2:45 p.m., a reporter for the New SEE BINGHAM PAGE 4
JAMES BADAS/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER
Falling oil prices recast divestment debate BY LARRY MILSTEIN STAFF REPORTER With global oil prices plummeting in recent months, environmental sustainability experts say fossil fuel divestment may now carry greater financial appeal for the University. Since University President Peter Salovey’s August announcement that Yale Corporation’s Committee on Investor Responsibility had decided against divestment from fossil fuel companies, the price of oil has dra-
matically fallen, causing the price of energy stocks to slide. Although Fossil Free Yale — a student group advocating for divestment — has relied most prominently upon the social and ethical justifications for their cause, a financial rationale to divest has gained increased relevance in past months, according to experts interviewed. Still, it appears unlikely that the recent tumult in the energy market will cause the University to reverse its decision. “With high-cost drilling projects being canceled, stock
Yale and QuestBridge deepen relationship BY TYLER FOGGATT STAFF REPORTER After admitting a record-high 40 QuestBridge students early to the class of 2019, the University continues to extend resources to QuestBridge students and strengthen its ties to the organization, in accordance with the commitments University President Peter Salovey made to the White House last year. QuestBridge is a national organization that connects high-achieving, low-income students to colleges, scholarship providers, enrichment programs and other resources. One of QuestBridge’s trademarks is the National College Match, a program that helps talented lowincome students gain admission and full-ride scholarships to selective universities like Yale, Princeton and Columbia. Students who participate in the College Match are able to rank preferences from QuestBridge’s list of partner colleges and apply to up to eight schools through a single application. The National College Match is binding, and students who “match” to the school ranked highest on their list that also wants to admit them through
the program are then promised scholarships covering 100 percent of their financial need. If a student does not match with Yale or another QuestBridge partner college, the student is then transferred to Yale’s regular decision pool, Dean of Undergraduate Admissions Jeremiah Quinlan said. He added that Yale is very enthusiastic about having deepened its partnership with QuestBridge by “matching” to more QuestBridge scholars. “It is always an incredibly strong group of applicants who apply to us through the [National College] Match, and who we consider in our regular decision round, but this year was even stronger than it has been in previous years,” Quinlan said. “So we were very excited to respond and match with 40 students, which is a significant increase over what we had done in the past.” This year’s 40 matches are a 67 percent increase from last year’s figure of 24 students. This increase is, in part, the result of a commitment University President Peter Salovey made at the White House Summit on College Opportunity last January. At the summit, Salovey committed to SEE QUESTBRIDGE PAGE 4
prices falling and demand not showing signs of responding, divestment is sounding more and more like the smart play for investors,” Brett Fleishman, a senior analyst at 350. org, an international environmental organization that advocates for divestment, wrote in an email. “The debate over fossil fuel divestment has now entered the conversations of investors who refuse to consider the moral implications of their portfolios; there is a new dynamism to the financial side of the argument.” Fleishman said that institu-
tional investors generally have a low risk tolerance, meaning that they are aiming to minimize volatility in their portfolios to invest for the long-term. He added that the dramatic drop in oil prices — over 60 percent since June — signifies volatility and the larger instability of the industry. Andrew Logan, Director of Ceres’ Oil & Gas Program, a sustainability advocacy group, said the oil industry is more vulnerable now to a price decline than it was during the previous five or 10 years. He said the industry’s reliance on
high-cost projects, including offshore drilling and tar sands oil extraction, may no longer be profitable with reduced oil prices. Unless the industry takes a different long term approach, investors have good reason to be pessimistic, he said. Logan added that the high price of oil in the past five years was built on a “fragile foundation” and on high assumptions about global demand growth. “A lot of the counterarguments against divestment were SEE OIL PAGE 6
Yale Record stages satirical Milano protest
MICHELLE LIU/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER
The Yale Record staged a protest calling for a second Kiko Milano store on Broadway. BY MICHELLE LIU STAFF REPORTER Roughly 20 students gathered at the corner of Broadway and York last Saturday to protest the Italian cosmetics store Kiko Milano, which opened as a part of The Shops at Yale last November. The satirical protest, organized by The Yale Record, called for Yale administrators to bring a second Kiko Milano store
to the same block on Broadway. Protesters painted “KM” onto their faces with lipstick purchased from the store, and held up signs with slogans such as “Kiko Mila-Yes!” and “What do we want? KIKO MILANO!!! When do we want it? KIKO MILANO!!!” The flyers handed out by protesters to passers-by listed nine demands, which ranged from turning Blue Jay Cleaners into a third SEE KIKO MILANO PAGE 6
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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 20, 2015 · yaledailynews.com
OPINION
.COMMENT “It has always taken courage to defend freedom of thought and expresyaledailynews.com/opinion
Justice in principle and practice W
IF WE CANNOT BUILD A MOVEMENT COLLECTIVELY, WE CANNOT WIN However, as we clamor to join the movement in the charged moments after a non-indictment or another black death, we often forget that the reasons behind our actions can, and will, affect the value and impact of our work. These events, rather than acting as catalysts for sustained organizing, frequently allow people to feel like they’ve contributed to the movement without making a long-term commitment. Often, actions following moments like Ferguson are driven by a feeling of “having to” respond, rather than by a broader commitment to addressing the systemic issue that the incident reveals. Responses with a lack of purpose are perhaps more harm-
ful than inaction. How we execute these events is just as important as why; and when carried out uncritically, they can perpetuate the oppressive systems we’re trying to subvert. We have seen people center their attempts at activism on their own privileged experiences, leading to the alienation of those more marginalized in our society. At times, this means placing oneself at the center of a narrative in a way that excludes others. This selfish brand of organizing reinforces elitism and patriarchy and often prevents real solidarity. If we cannot build a movement collectively, we cannot win. We must be intentional in every aspect of our organizing, and root it in active practices of anti-racism, anti-sexism and anti-elitism. We should support grassroots organizing efforts that empower communities to take their lives into their own hands. We should amplify their stories rather than our own. That is how we build a movement. Even in the Civil Rights Movement, there were deep internal tensions about how best to organize. The Ella Bakers and the Bob Moseses committed themselves to a vision of freedom that valued radical democracy over immediate gains. People like King, despite valuing the grassroots organizing that drove the movement, fell into a model of top-down charismatic leadership that devalued bottomup organizing. So while it’s true that King had a radical vision for society, he didn’t always work to realize that vision within the movement. He had a mixed track record in terms of cultivating the leadership of women and young people in the movement. Although he was aware of how his celebrity status could stifle the development of those around him, he failed to rectify this. Ultimately, we believe in our communities’ ability to create equitable spaces within movements for justice. The action taken both in Ferguson and across the country in recent months has been breathtaking in its ability to reclaim narratives around blackness and power in America, both visually and in terms of sheer numbers. We don’t have all the answers about what meaningful action can look like on this campus. But we are hopeful that Yale can join in this historical moment with action that advances the cause of justice in its practice, as well as its principle. ALEXANDRA BARLOWE is a sophomore in Branford College. Contact her alexandra.barlowe@yale.edu. ESHE SHERLEY is a junior in Morse College. Contact her at eshe. sherley@yale.edu . They are board members of the Black Student Alliance at Yale.
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mous “secrets” indicates that something has gone wrong in our campus political discourse. If the rationale of the University is for a community of thinkers to arrive at the truth through discussion and debate, then a campus culture with one set of ideologies so dominant such that some opinions are not expressed means that we lose the opportunity to convince each other. A Facebook page devoted to secrets indicates a campus culture where we keep too many. Is Yale PostSecret, itself, a good forum? In some ways. There will always be people who feel marginalized from Yale’s community, and Yale PostSecret is an effective way for them to express their thoughts, even if they are shouted down in comments. And until we do a better job supporting each other as friends and as a community, generic advice and sympathy from an online audience is better than nothing. Yet, we should remember that every post on Yale PostSecret that anonymously expresses anxiety, frustration and unpopular opinions is an indictment of our community: not only because of the content of the post, but also because we haven’t found a better forum for it yet.
about academics and unrequited love, to name a few. Yet, when a sizable fraction of our community SCOTT converges a GREENBERG around space of disThe Segue course, we should examine whether that forum is conducive to the types of discussions we want to have and relationships we want to build. Last month’s temporary suspension of Yale PostSecret should serve as a wake up call; the page’s very existence points to aspects of our campus culture that could be improved. Discourse on Yale PostSecret tends to fall into a few, set patterns. There are people who post humorous observations, which are responded to with either humorous rejoinders or outrage. Some students express anxiety about their self-worth, and receive assurances and validations from complete strangers. Many of the posts express frustrations of various sorts — about academics, sex and relationships — and receive generic advice and likes as consolation. Some are outbursts of joy and excitement. The most interesting posts are those that make controversial
(read: not leftist) political assertions, which are usually met with an outpouring of indignation, ad-hominem attacks and sarcasm. I doubt any of us think Yale PostSecret is the ideal way for our community to be having any of these sorts of conversations. People who doubt their selfworth should be comforted by those who know them best, not by people on the Internet unfamiliar with their lives. And, ideally, when things get frustrating, we would all have networks of friends who could serve as a support system. The fact that these anxieties and frustrations remain “secrets” is an indication that our community has failed many of its members.
Meanwhile, the fact that, by the looks of it, many Yale students feel they can only express their political views as anony-
SCOTT GREENBERG is a senior in Ezra Stiles College. His column runs on Tuesdays. Contact him at scott.greenberg@yale.edu .
Respecting tough choices
criticize anything and everything that falls in a gray area. But imagine this scenario: You are tasked with protecting the lives of hundreds of thousands of men and women in your nation’s uniform and millions of civilians in a given territory. You have reports that there is a suspected suicide bombing soon that will likely take many lives, both soldiers and civilians. You have an uncooperative captured co-conspirator who has critical information about the attack. What do you do? Would you permit someone under your command to yell, threaten, beat up or pour cold water on the prisoner in order to save the lives you are tasked to protect, or do you do nothing and let innocents die at the hands of terrorists? These questions, and much more difficult ones, are what men like McChrystal and Negroponte deal with in service to this country. Speaking with those who have made those tough calls can help Yalies, many of whom will assume similar positions in the future, decide what to do when we are faced with our own stomach-churning options. Epstein is wrong to criticize the place of these men in teaching in the Ivy League. As a history major, I am ashamed that someone getting a doctorate from my department can make such a simplistic and naïve argument against the virtues of learning
from those “men in the arena,” whose faces were, as Teddy Roosevelt would have described, “marred by dust and sweat and blood." Letting a bias cloud your learning and research by dismissing a source out of hand is exactly what a historian should not do. Epstein’s conclusion is right when he says we should question these men of action and achievement who made difficult decisions on massive scales, but we should do so respectfully, to learn from them, not to debase their actions or their records. If your class is discussing the ethics of American intervention in Central America, it is reasonable to ask Negroponte about his specific experiences in the region. But if you’re discussing Thucydides in Grand Strategy, it is unproductive to interrupt discussion and take him to task for something that is completely outside the parameters of the syllabus. And if you do find the chance to ask them a pointed question or two, do so with humility and the recognition that these decisions were made in an imperfect world by men with real-world experience who didn’t have the luxury of hindsight.
mong the many spaces for discourse that the Yale community creates — including seminar rooms, dining hall tables and bulletin boards — a popular and uniquely interesting one is Yale PostSecret. Yet, in late December, the moderators of the page temporarily halted the publication of new submissions, writing, “We have become concerned recently over the types of comments being posted here.” Founded in February 2013, Yale PostSecret is a Facebook page dedicated to sharing “secrets” submitted anonymously by Yale students. To explain the rationale of the page, one of the first posts reads, “All secrets are meaningful and worth sharing … Hopefully, through learning of our peers’ secret joys, struggles, thoughts, and dreams, we can be further united.” There is no doubt that Yale PostSecret has united the Yale community, in some sense. Over a third of Yale’s undergraduate population is “friends” with the page, and there are very few other spaces on campus in which so many Yalies read the same things and participate in the same discussions. Posts on the page that receive hundreds of “likes” give us a sense that there are common experiences shared by much of the student body: joy over hockey victories, stress
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EDITOR IN CHIEF Isaac Stanley-Becker
'SHADRACHSMITH' ON 'IN THE FACE OF CRITICISM'
Too many secrets
GUEST COLUMNISTS ALEXANDRA BARLOWE AND ESHE SHERLEY
hether through Facebook, Tumblr or that one African-American Studies class you took last semester, many of you have learned by now that Martin Luther King Jr.’s legacy is about more than his dream where “little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.” Although the actual narrative of the Civil Rights Movement has been coopted by eliding the more militant parts of the movement, the real story of King persists through oral histories and the counter-storytelling of black activist spaces. King was well aware of the need to dismantle systems perpetuating economic injustice, militarism and white supremacy on the path to black liberation. Though he was a man whose actions and tendencies may have sometimes compromised the success of the movement, he nonetheless maintained a radical vision that was mostly at odds with the country that now claims to honor him with a national holiday. Honoring King must go beyond a simple acknowledgement of his legacy, even if that acknowledgement highlights the lesser-known and more radical aspects of that legacy. Actions like the #ReclaimMLK protests around the country yesterday (which linked King’s confrontational politics to the #BlackLivesMatter movement and current struggles for black liberation) are a better example of translating knowledge into meaningful action.
sion.”
In a column in last Thursday's News (“McChrystal, Negroponte must answer to students,” Jan. 15), Andrew Bard Epstein GRD’19 criticized General Stanley McChrystal and Ambassador John Negroponte. He questioned the decisions they made in their careers and their role in teaching at Yale. He called on students in their seminars to take these men to task for their alleged misdeeds. In writing this column, Epstein demonstrated a remarkable naïveté, doing a disservice to his fellow students and disrespecting these two long-standing public servants. Although Epstein excoriated the two men for some of the more notorious decisions they may have made over their careers, he did not include in his column any discussion of the contexts in which they were made. Even if we are to assume all the allegations are correct, are these the kind of actions for which one must be called to account? General McChrystal led a major U.S. operation that oversaw the capture or killing of hundreds of terrorists and insurgents. There is collateral damage in war. It is awful, but is more tragic than unjust and has been a reality of every hostile engagement. The specific incidents Epstein described — being doused with water and made to stand in front of an air conditioner, being kicked until vomiting, punched until passed out — are potentially troubling if true. But, in the same century as the 9/11 attacks or the indiscriminate slaughter of civilians in Syria, these allegations hardly constitute “the greatest crime of the 21st century.” I’m not saying all of either man’s actions were perfect, but what I am saying is that we live in an imperfect world where real leaders need to make tough choices. From the comfort of Yale, it’s easy to take the high road and
A FACEBOOK PAGE DEVOTED TO SECRETS INDICATES A CAMPUS CULTURE WHERE WE KEEP TOO MANY
SAM SUSSMAN Jan. 19 The writer is a junior in Davenport College .
YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 20, 2015 · yaledailynews.com
PAGE 3
NEWS
“Life’s most persistent and urgent question is ‘what are you doing for others?’” MARTIN LUTHER KING JR AMERICAN CIVIL RIGHTS LEADER
CORRECTION WEDNESDAY, JAN. 14
Annual conference celebrates King
Due to an editing error, a previous version of the article “SOM startup receives $1 million grant” misspelled the name of Professor Tso-Ping Ma. It also misstated the amount of money offered by the grant’s second phase of fundraising.
Downtown building sold for $6.9 million BY CAROLINE HART STAFF REPORTER After purchasing the downtown office building at 129 Church St. for $6.9 million earlier this month, MOD Equities is beginning renovations to restore qualities of the original building. Jacob Feldman of MOD Equities said that the building will continue to house its current tenants — which include NBC News, Chick-Lets Organic Grill and The Urban Design League — and that he hopes to attract younger businesses and startups to the downtown office space. He added that he intends to create a collaborative workspace complete with a conference room. “It’s a nice starting spot for small businesses who are not ready for a large space,” Feldman said. “We’re going to dust it off to find some of the original details of the building.” The 89,625 square-foot Church Street building, which was originally built in 1912, is set to be refurnished to restore some of the buildings original details. Feldman said that wood floors, molding work and brass detailing are among some of the aspects that he hopes to restore. MOD Equities is a New Haven-based real estate firm that has purchased properties in downtown New Haven, Wooster Square and East Rock in recent years, including 11 apartment buildings. According to the New Haven Independent, Frank D’Ostilio of Real Living Wareck D’Ostilio Real Estate, who represented the buyers in the sale of 129 Church, said that the building is currently at least 90 percent occupied. City Economic Development Administrator Matt Nemerson SOM ’81 said that although the building has been largely ignored by developers for the past several years, the high selling price of the building demonstrates its
potential. He commented on the building’s aesthetic features, including its frosted glass. “We like our developers to feel like they are getting a good return on their investment,” Nemerson said. “The high value per square foot gives people confidence in the market.” The former owner of the building, JMJ Services Inc., purchased the building in 1993 for $450,000, the New Haven Independent reported. Since then, the building’s value has increased 15 times over. City Hall spokesperson Laurence Grotheer said that the increased value of the property indicates that downtown is becoming a more attractive spot for prospective buyers. He added that city officials are “working to enhance public parking options and public transportation systems to accommodate continuing growth in the downtown area.”
It’s a nice starting spot for small businesses who are not ready for a large space. JACOB FELDMAN MOD Equities Crystal Rose, manager at the branch of Chipotle located at 910 Chapel St., said that the increased traffic that could result from having new tenants in the 129 Church St. building would be an asset to all downtown businesses. Feldman said that he intends for the space to remain a downtown center and hopes to attract new tenants with the aesthetic updates. He added that the building’s central location and proximity to City Hall will likely attract attorneys and other professionals to the building. Contact CAROLINE HART at caroline.hart@yale.edu .
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ISABELLE TAFT/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER
The annual Martin Luther King Jr. Conference at Wexler-Grant Community School featured a panel discussion on the recent Ebola outbreak. BY ISABELLE TAFT STAFF REPORTER Over 300 people attended the Martin Luther King Jr. Conference at Wexler-Grant Community School yesterday, participating in lectures, performances and workshops held in the name of making the holiday “a day on, not a day off.” The event has been held annually since 1969, the year after King’s assassination, according to conference co-chair Sondi Jackson, a speech pathologist at WexlerGrant. This year’s conference offered over 30 workshops for children and adults, ranging from “Politics 101” with Ward 22 Alder Jeanette Morrison, to “Crafts with King,” a chance for children to learn about King’s life through art. The Davis Street Magnet School band and dancers from the Hamden Academy of Dance and Music performed as well. The conference theme was “All voices should be heard.” Jackson said the broad scope of the conference’s offerings reflected the universality of King’s teachings. “He appealed to the masses,” she said. “At a time when he was fighting for the rights of African-Americans, he reached out to the public. We are paying tribute to the fact that he wanted opportunities for everyone.” Among the opportunities available at Wexler-Grant were discussions about healthy eating, cyber-bullying, financial planning, home ownership and how to engage with the police. S.P.O.R.T Academy, a youth mentoring program that offers chess instruction in the Stetson
Branch Library on Dixwell Avenue, partnered with local barbers to offer free haircuts and recruit new mentees. Pearl McKee, S.P.O.R.T Academy’s secretary and one of its instructors, said the four barbers were good role models for young people at the event. “The [barber shops] are black-owned, and they focus on the youth,” she said. Among the barbers’ clients were Liz Cruso and Sade King, members of the University of New Haven’s women’s basketball team. The team volunteers at the conference each year, along with some fraternities and sororities from UNH. Yale’s Black Men’s Union also volunteered at the event, setting up a table in the gym to meet attendees and talk about the union’s community service and outreach projects. BMU President Will Searcy ’16 said the organization always spends Martin Luther King Jr. Day volunteering in New Haven, but this was the group’s first time at the conference. Twenty-two BMU members volunteered. “We’re always looking for ways to give back,” Searcy said. “We understand how critical service was to [King’s] dream.” Conference co-chair Jason Odums said about 100 people volunteered at the event, running workshops, serving food and providing directions. The conference operated on a smaller budget this year, Jackson and Odums said, with just $3,300 to spend instead of as much as $7,000 in years past. The conference relies on corporate and nonprofit sponsors, as well as a grant from New Haven Public Schools. Jackson said the reduced budget forced the confer-
ence planning committee to be more frugal than usual. Nonetheless, attendees and volunteers received free lunch and free breakfast, and activities filled every classroom. Mayor Toni Harp stopped by to talk with vendors, who set up booths in the gym bearing hats, jewelry, cosmetics and other products, and to sit in on a panel discussion called “Ebola On the Front Lines.” The discussion, sponsored by the 94.3 WYBC radio station, focused on the development of the outbreak in Sierra Leone and addressed media coverage of the disease. Panelist John Nwangwu, a professor of epidemiology at Southern Connecticut State University and a consultant for the World Health Organization in West Africa, emphasized that in an increasingly globalized world, distance from disaster does not guarantee safety. “The world has become so small that you can no longer say, ‘It is their problem,’” Nwangwu said. “Microbes don’t need visas.” Mahogany Hutchinson, 14, volunteered at the conference after attending it for three years. In past years, she participated in arts and crafts workshops and bullying prevention discussions. Yesterday, she offered directions and hung visitors’ coats. The experience was different, she said, but still fun. “I think it’s really good for people to come together and see everyone get along,” Hutchinson said. Contact ISABELLE TAFT at isabelle.taft@yale.edu .
yale institute of sacred music presents
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sunday, january 25 7:30 pm
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yale institute of sacred music presents
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Protest staged at local Whole Foods BY FINNEGAN SCHICK STAFF REPORTER The sound of animal screams filled the Whole Foods Market in West Hartford on Saturday afternoon. Protesting violence against animals, 15 people stood in the aisles, the noises blaring from their cellphone speakers. Direct Action Everywhere, an international animal rights organization, staged the protest and several others after video footage surfaced earlier this month showing the poor living conditions of hens at a farm in Northern California. The farm, which supplies eggs to Whole Foods, has brought the nation’s largest natural and organic food supplier under the scrutiny of many animal rights groups including DAE and Collectively Free. However, Whole Foods representatives, as well as a recent New York Times article, have questioned the video’s accuracy. “The goal is not to boycott Whole Foods; the ultimate goal is to have Whole Foods take the animals off their shelves,” said Rafaella Ciavatta, co-founder and organizer of Collectively Free. “Some people say it sounds naïve, some people says it sounds impossible, but that’s what we’re working for.” The West Hartford protest is the fifth such protest in central Connecticut organized by Zachary Groff ’15. After five minutes of demonstration, the management of Whole Foods asked that the protesters leave the store, which they did. Groff said
he did not see the need to object to the management’s demands. DAE, founded in the San Francisco Bay Area, is a grassroots organization which allows local charters to be established in cities across the world. Charter applicants must follow five organizing principles, including the support of total animal liberation and the use of non-violent protest. “We’re not as much an organization as we are a model,” said DAE organizer Brian Burns. Whole Foods has grown in popularity in part because of the message they send to their customers that they are humanely killing animals, Burns said. In the past five years the value of a Whole Foods share has grown over 250 percent. Despite their growing popularity, Burns sees DAE’s mission as concrete and attainable. Customers shop at Whole Foods not for the material goods, but because they think it is morally good to do so, Burns added. This belief is incorrect, said Burns, pointing out that 99 percent of all animal products in the U.S. are made on factory farms. Before she became involved with DAE, Minh Nguyen ’15 said she thought animal rights protesters were “a bunch of crazy vegans.” Now, after two protests with Groff, she said she now believes this perception was incorrect, and that she cares about animal rights deeply. “I have yet to hear a good, thoughtful response from people who eat meat in
response to their choices,” said Nguyen. The response from Whole Foods has pointed to the deceptive nature of the footage, citing the New York Times article, which suggested that the video of the hens was inconclusive. John Hartman, who is visiting the United States and has participated in several DAE protests, called the article’s coverage of the protests “awful.” “Ultimately they went to the farms; that is what they saw, and Whole Foods has to account for that,” said Hartman, who plans to open his own DAE charter in his hometown in Australia. In a statement, Whole Foods’ Northeast Region Public Relations Manager Michael Sinatra claimed that “the video paints a distorted picture of our animal welfare standards by deliberately combining information about different species of animals, certification groups and factory farms not even associated with our company or products.” Sinatra added that Whole Foods recognizes that there are still additional opportunities for improvements in the way they farm eggs. When asked for comment on the protests, managers at both the West Hartford and Milford Whole Foods branches declined to comment. Groff is staging one protest each week this month. The Whole Foods in Milford is his next location. Contact FINNEGAN SCHICK at christopher.schick@yale.edu .
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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 20, 2015 · yaledailynews.com
FROM THE FRONT
“The arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends towards justice.” MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. PASTOR, ACTIVIST, CIVIL RIGHTS LEADER
Calhoun freshman injured after fall from Bingham BINGHAM FROM PAGE 1
ALEXANDRA SCHMELING/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR
By 3:45 p.m., the area around Bingham had returned to normal. Two hours earlier, a Calhoun freshman had fallen from the fourth floor, injuring himself.
Haven Register, Wes Duplantier, tweeted an image of College Street, showing that the sidewalk surrounding Bingham Hall had been blocked off with police tape. By 3:45 p.m., police officers and ambulances had left the premises. The emergency tape on College Street had been removed and the area around Bingham appeared to have returned to normal. A freshman in Calhoun, who asked to remain anonymous because of the sensitive nature of the topic, said Calhoun College Dean April Ruiz ’05 went to Bingham Hall Monday afternoon and told a group of students that the injured student was in a stable condition. “I’ve been told he will make a full physical recovery,” Holloway told the News Monday evening. “Members of the student’s family are now in town and we will follow their lead about further details.” He added that Calhoun College Master Julia Adams had spent time with the student in the hospital, talking with him and getting early reports on his condition and prognosis. The Yale Police Department and New Haven Police Department declined to comment. The anonymous Calhoun freshman told the News that the student had not fallen from his own suite, but from a different suite in the entryway. Seven other students who were outside Bingham on Monday evening all declined to comment. In the email, Holloway encouraged students to seek out friends, advisors and professional counselors if they wanted
to talk to someone about their reactions to the news. Freshmen in Calhoun were invited to meet with their freshman counselors Monday evening. Old Campus Fellows would also open their suites to all freshmen, Holloway added in his email. Adams sent an email to the Calhoun community early Monday evening inviting students to a gathering at her house at 7 p.m. that night, where students could gather for “mutual support.” Adams was joined by Ruiz, University Chaplain Sharon Kugler and a representative from Yale Mental Health and Counseling. “We are here for you,” Adams’ email said. Trumbull College Master Margaret Clark — whose freshmen share Bingham Hall with Calhoun freshmen — also sent an email to Trumbull students, offering her support and the support of Trumbull Dean Jasmina Besirevic-Regan. A freshman who lives in entryway D of Bingham said he saw police cars on the College Street side of the residence hall shortly after 2 p.m., and that he believed the student had already been put into an ambulance by then. “The cops were all handling it pretty well,” he said. Professional counselors were made available at the Yale Health Center through 11 p.m. Monday. Students were told they could also call (203) 432-1128 to speak to a counselor on call. Contact STEPHANIE ADDENBROOKE at stephanie.addenbrooke@yale.edu , RACHEL SIEGEL at rachel.siegel@yale.edu and VIVIAN WANG at vivian.y.wang@yale.edu .
With new admits, Yale, QuestBridge deepen relationship QUESTBRIDGE FROM PAGE 1 increase the number of QuestBridge finalists enrolling at the University by 50 percent. Early indications show that Yale will be admitting as many QuestBridge students in the regular decision pool as last year, if not more, Quinlan added. QuestBridge CEO and co-founder Ana McCullough said in December that QuestBridge witnessed a 14 percent increase from last year in the total number of matches that were made by students with QuestBridge’s 35 partner colleges, registering a total of 500 matches. She added that there are many advantages for students to apply to schools through QuestBridge, including the fact that it has its own streamlined application. “The designation of being a QuestBridge Finalist has really come to mean something to admissions officers — they know immediately that you are a high-achieving student from a low-income background,”McCullough said. Quinlan also noted the unique quality of the QuestBridge application, adding that the short questionnaire section in the Yale application was actually inspired by and taken from a portion of the QuestBridge application. Six QuestBridge students interviewed said they appreciated the application’s style, which gave them the opportunity to apply to several schools at once without paying any application fees. They also noted the tight-knit QuestBridge community that has formed on campus. Juliette Grantham ’17 said one benefit of applying through QuestBridge was that her application fees were waived, allowing her to apply to 10 colleges without paying a fee for each one, which would have amounted to roughly $700. “Also, the QuestBridge application is longer than the Common App, giving students more opportunities to show admissions officers who they are, and students selected as finalists are set apart as high achieving students who have succeeded despite financial obstacles and other sources of adversity,” Grantham said. Additionally, in order to ensure that QuestBridge students are able to visit campus for Bulldog Days, Quinlan said the University will be automatically covering the transportation costs of any QuestBridge student who wishes to visit campus. Though Yale has generally offered financial assistance for QuestBridge scholars and other high-need students traveling to the University, QuestBridge students will not need to submit any additional paperwork this year in order to qualify for travel aid. Yale will also be hosting the annual QuestBridge conference this summer, Quinlan said. Agnes Galej ’17 said the QuestBridge community helped her transition from high school to college because she was comforted by the fact that there would be other students at Yale with similar socioeconomic backgrounds. “I think there is a very good sense of community through the QuestBridge network,” Galej said. “Whether or not you attend meetings regularly, you can find Questies all over campus. A few of them are some of my best friends, and we originally bonded over the fact that we were part of the QuestBridge family.” Yale first partnered with QuestBridge in 2007. Contact TYLER FOGGATT at tyler.foggatt@yale.edu .
WA LIU/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR
In keeping with commitments President Salovey made at the White House, Yale has accepted a record number of QuestBridge students to the class of 2019.
YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 20, 2015 · yaledailynews.com
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NEWS
“Keep love in your heart. A life without it is like a sunless garden when the flowers are dead.” OSCAR WILDE IRISH WRITER
At MLK celebration, Brown’s pastor says to “love the hell out of your haters” BY DAVID SHIMER STAFF REPORTER On Sunday, Yale kicked off a two-week series of events honoring Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. including several speakers, an exhibit at the Peabody Museum and the screening of the movie “Selma.” The celebration of King’s life and legacy has been organized under the theme “No Work is Insignificant: Moving Forward through Service, Scholarship and Solidarity.” Groups like the MLK Planning Committee, the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, and the department of African-American Studies worked together to organize these events. On Monday, Pastor Carlton Lee, whose flock included the late Michael Brown of Ferguson, Mo., took part in the series by speaking at Battell Chapel on Monday to roughly 250 members of the Yale and New Haven communities. Despite what he described
as police brutality and violence against African Americans — which have gained heightened national media attention in recent months — Lee said his approach toward the future remains aligned with that of King: nonviolent and peaceful. “No matter what comes our way I still have to love my enemies,” he said. “My grandmother taught me sometimes you have to learn to love the hell out of your haters.” Since the Brown shooting, Lee said he has received death threats and watched his church be burned to the ground. In one instance, he said he was arrested because, in the words of a police officer, he is “educated, vocal and a black male.” Lee said he took part in protests nonviolently, although he could not keep a small fringe group of people from resorting to violence. This mounting violence led the police to become aggressive, he said.
“The police said if you cross the line we will shoot to kill,” he said. “No rubber bullets. No tear gas. They told us you cross the line we will shoot to kill.” Monday’s event in Battell also included performances from a number of student groups, including the Yale Gospel Choir and Shades of Yale. On Sunday, Johnnetta Cole — a cultural anthropologist and humanitarian activist who is also the former president of Spelman and Bennett colleges — also spoke in Battell at an event that attracted around 100 community members. Like Lee, Cole said that the state of racial equality has greatly improved since the civil rights movement of the 1960s, but that the road ahead is still long. “I firmly believe that were Dr. King able to speak to us right now, he would say that of course we have made substantial progress from the days of legal segregation,” she said. “And yet, the
struggle continues not only for those of us who W.E.B Du Bois would call of the darker hue, but also for many other communities.” At the Sunday talk, Mayor Toni Harp welcomed Cole to the city, adding that she admires Cole for the way in which she has devoted her life to turning King’s dream into a reality. Seven students gave different reasons for why they appreciated the events. Rianna Johnson-Levy ’17 said she appreciated the setting and array of performances she saw at the Lee event, while Miles Saffran ’18 said he chose to attend the Cole lecture because he is determined to hear from unique speakers who come to Yale. In addition to speakers and student performances, this weekend’s celebration of King also included an event at the Peabody, which is held every year on the holiday. Peabody Events Coordinator Josue Irizarry said
the event, which was centered on environmental and social justice issues, featured 30 local organizations that engaged with visiting families from New Haven and Connecticut. Wallingford resident Kim Cinquino said her family decided to come to the Peabody to see the MLK exhibit as well as the museum in its entirety, while New Haven resident Anne Watkins said she decided to come to the Peabody with her children because of the feeling of community the event evokes. “It’s a nice opportunity for folks to come together and reflect,” she said. “The Peabody always does a good job and it’s great to come out and be here.” There are also more events scheduled in the next week and a half. The movie “Selma” will be shown on Saturday afternoon in the Whitney Humanities Center. During his talk, Lee said aspects of the film relate to the events in Ferguson. For example, just like
the police turned off streetlights during protests in Selma, they did the same in Ferguson, he said. MLK Committee member Patricia Okonta ’15 said the screening of the film perfectly complements this year’s lineup of events. “The timing of Selma is impeccable,” she said. “Not only does this movie tie into MLK and his legacy historically, but it also has implications on events in America today.” MLK Committee chairman and Yale College Assistant Dean Rodney Cohen, who also serves as director of the Afro-American Cultural Center, said in an email to the News that he hopes this year’s celebratory events will encourage student conversation about racial relations. Martin Luther King Jr. received an honorary degree from Yale in 1964. Contact DAVID SHIMER at david.shimer@yale.edu .
Div, Law and Forestry schools team up for first time BY PHOEBE KIMMELMAN AND JON VICTOR STAFF REPORTERS For the first time, faculty from Yale Law School, Yale Divinity School and the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies are offering a course together. John Grim and Mary Evelyn Tucker, who have dual research appointments at the School of Forestry and Environmental Studies and the Divinity School, will be co-teaching the course “Law, Environment and Religion” with Law School professor Doug Kysar. Tucker said the class was designed as a collaboration between the three schools because each discipline provides a piece of the knowledge needed to understand environmental issues, but on their own fail to give students a comprehensive analysis. “Environmental issues need to be solved and responded to by many disciplines,” Tucker said. The course will feature readings from figures who have worked within the overlap of these three fields and discussions with those authors, including William Reilly, a former administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and Linda Sheehan, the executive director at Earth Law Center. Students will also conduct podcast interviews with these guest speakers, which will be posted on Yale’s iTunes University site. Grim said the guest speaker component of the course is intended to give students a closer look at how environmental scholars approach ideas. “They come to be interrogated,” he said. “[They are] not coming to give a talk, but to be with us as having expert knowledge and life experiences.” Hannah Malcolm DIV ’16, a participant in the course, said she is most looking forward to learning from James Anaya, a specialist in indigenous peoples’ rights who
is scheduled to visit the class in March. She said this interest stems from her background in studying non-Western religious traditions. Students interviewed said they found the course’s opportunity for interdisciplinary learning to be a big draw. “We can only hope to conquer environmental problems by opening the conversation between disciplines and I think the ‘Law, Religion and Environment’ class creates a prime opportunity for such a dialogue,” Dena Adler LAW ’17 said. Associate Director of the Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy Josh Galperin, who has been involved in the planning of the course, stressed how important interdisciplinary work is when teaching environmental law. Galperin also added that including students from the Divinity School in the class will enable law and forestry students to consider economic issues from a more objective perspective. He said students at the Law and Forestry schools can often take for granted that the environment is an important issue, and students from the Divinity School can think more philosophically about why that is. “Environmental law, more than most areas of the law, requires collaboration with experts and colleagues from all different backgrounds and all different areas of specialization,” he said. “For students, [going] to law school and learning just how to file a brief or operate well in a courtroom won’t prepare them to be a good environmental advocate or practitioner.” But Grim, Kysar and Tucker acknowledged that the interdisciplinary setting of the course does not come without its challenges. From the teaching perspective, Grim said it may be difficult that each faculty member is only well
ELENA MALLOY/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR
The Divinity School is teaming up with the Law School and School of Forestry and Environmental Studies to offer a new interdisciplinary course equipped in his or her own area of expertise. Kysar said students in the class, depending on their intellectual background, will be looking at the same set of problems from very different angles. “There are going to be three different constituencies in the room, each of whom have their own language and set of expectations and paradigmatic questions that they
bring to the subject, and those sets are not necessarily going to overlap with each other,” Kysar said. More specifically, Kysar said the law students in the class will be thinking about legal methods for protecting the environment, such as imposing sanctions, while the forestry students will be thinking about ecological processes, and the divinity students will be concentrating on underlying moral
values. Andrew Doss DIV ’17 said that because the scope of the course is so broad, he is nervous that the class will not delve deeply enough into many of the topics. He added that he feared the speakers might overlap too much with one another since they will not be there to hear what has already been discussed in the class. However, Tucker said these
kinds of challenges did not abate her excitement in teaching the course. “This is a high point in 40 years of teaching to be offering this course,” Tucker said. Contact PHOEBE KIMMELMAN at phoebe.kimmelman@yale.edu and JON VICTOR at jon.victor@yale.edu .
Conference aims to inspire women physicists BY TASNIM ELBOUTE STAFF REPORTER
MICHELLE PAN/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER
Over 170 women converged on Yale’s campus for the Conference for Undergraduate Women in Physics..
This weekend, over 170 women from 55 campuses across the Northeast came together on Yale’s campus for the American Physical Society’s annual Conference for Undergraduate Women in Physics (CuWiP). Held from Jan. 16 t0 18, the conference was run simultaneously with seven other CuWiPs around the country for the ninth consecutive year. Organized by a team of 10 students, led by Megan Phelan ’15 and physics professor Sarah Demers, the conference drew women passionate about their future work in physics for a weekend of discussion with their peers. “I hope [attendees] realize that people who have gone on in physics have all struggled,” Demers said. “One challenge is that people jump pretty quickly to the idea that I’m not good at this, and women are more
likely to give up because they don’t see themselves as a typical physicist.” Physics professor Meg Urry gave a talk about why there are so few women in physics, arguing that gender bias is a main cause of the disparity. “I’m tired of seeing women disappear from physics,” Urry said on. According to multiple students interviewed, Urry’s talk was a highlight of the conference. Other speakers also emphasized the existence of a gender bias against women in physics and other disciplines. Demers noted that many female physics students feel guilty about receiving extra support because of their gender. However, Demers said that any support given to female students exists to combat an implicit bias against them. Julia Cline, a senior at Williams College and an attendee of the conference, said in her grade there are only two female
physics majors out of 17 in total. Students and organizers interviewed said the conference brought together a community of women passionate about their physics research. Phelan said she hopes that attendees felt inspired by the conference speakers and that conversations about women in physics persist after CuWiP. “There are almost 200 people here, and over a thousand in total at the simultaneous conferences,” said physics major Carolyn Zhang ’17. “It’s been great to find a community of women who are pumped about their research or their studies.” Demers added that she hopes the attendees feel less isolated as female physicists than they did before the conference. “I’m really glad I decided to come,” Dartmouth sophomore Meg Lane said. “It’s inspiring to hear the stories and paths of the women faculty.” Contact TASNIM ELBOUTE at tasnim.elboute@yale.edu .
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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 20, 2015 · yaledailynews.com
FROM THE FRONT
“We aren’t addicted to oil, but our cars are.” JAMES WOOLSEY ENERGY SPECIALIST
Fall in oil prices may cause Yale to rethink divestment, experts say GRAPH CRUDE OIL PRICE & DIVESTMENT-RELATED EVENTS
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May 2014
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Average Price of Crude Oil
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Stanford University divests from coal.
Rockefeller Foundation commits to divest its $4.2 billion in assets away from fossil fuel companies.
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FFY presents in front of Yale’s Advisory Committee on Investor Responsibility
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Divestment referendum garners 83% "yes" in favor of divestment
October 2014
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Members of FFY deliver letters to Woodbridge Hall to urge President Salovey to reconsider issue of divestment.
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August 2014
Yale Corporation votes "no" on divestment. President Salovey unveils new sustainability initiatives.
$60 OIL FROM PAGE 1 on how the oil and gas industry performed historically,” Logan said. “Now with how things are performing recently, it put things in a different light.” According to Yale’s most recently released endowment report, the University currently has roughly 8 percent of its assets invested in natural resources, which include oil and gas, timberland, and metals and mining.
$60.70
October 2013 — December 2014 by month “Equity investments in natural resources … share common risk and return characteristics: protection against unanticipated global inflation, high and visible current cash flow, and opportunities to exploit inefficiencies,” the report stated. “At the portfolio level, natural resource investments provide attractive return prospects and significant diversification.” Chief Investment Officer David Swensen declined to comment.
However, in light of the recent declines in the energy market, it remains uncertain as to what degree the University’s rationale for investing in this asset class still holds true. Members of FFY maintained that the economic reasons to divest — coupled with environmental and political reasons — have always been central to their platform. FFY organizer Chelsea Watson ’17 said that prior to the drop in oil over the past six months,
FFY had argued that institutions could divest with a negligible impact on the endowment returns. Now it appears even stronger that Yale can actually benefit financially from divesting, she added. “I am surprised that the administration uses the financial risk of divestment as an argument against it,” FFY organizer Tristan Glowa ’18 said. “In fact, the financial direction goes the opposite way.” He noted, however, that fall-
ing oil prices are not unequivocally good for FFY’s broader goal to combat climate change. He said the increasing affordability of oil creates a false sense that people can use oil more freely, and while the economic cost may be less, the social cost is just as high. Watson said FFY is continuing to push for divestment this semester and is preparing to put more pressure on the administration in time for Feb. 13, Global Divestment Day.
Still, Logan said despite the recent dive in oil prices, institutions may be less compelled to divest and may rather “hunker down” in the hope that the price of energy stocks will rebound. “With a crystal ball, you may have decided to divest a few month ago,” he said. “But given the drop in share prices, the horse may have already left the barn.” Contact LARRY MILSTEIN at larry.milstein@yale.edu .
Protesters “excited by chance to buy more luxury products” KIKO MILANO FROM PAGE 1 Kiko Milano to free haircuts at Barbour for Yale students. “We decided that we might as well ask for a second Kiko Milano on Broadway so that Ezra Stiles students would be able to walk to Kiko Milano faster than they now can,” Record chairman Aaron Gertler ’16 said. The protest, planned before Kiko Milano set up shop, originally aimed to alert the Yale administration of what Gertler implied was the generally negative attitude of students. The protesters have not contacted University Properties regarding the matter in any other form, Gertler said. “When we heard that Yale had decided to replace the affordable food store up on Broadway with Kiko Milano and Emporium DNA, we were really excited to have the chance to buy more luxury products at Yale because that was really hard before,” Gertler said. Although K iko Milano opened prior to the protest’s original December date, protest organizers chose to ask for more, Gertler said, by pushing for a second store. Rachel Lackner ’17, the Record staff member who pitched the idea for two Kiko Milanos, acknowledged the satirical nature of the protest, but noted that it was rooted in legitimate student concerns. She said that the protest had been prompted by negative student reaction to the upcoming closure of Gourmet Heaven, and the replacement of more affordable retail and dining options with stores such as Kiko Milano and Emporium
DNA that do not necessarily cater to New Haven residents or students. “It’s more for the image of the University, and I think that it’s going to be detrimental in the long run,” Lackner said. “A lot of students stand behind the fact that it’s not really for many people’s benefit.” Kiko Milano store manager Jacqueline Rivera, however, stressed the affordability of the store’s products, noting that the store’s expensive-looking exterior aims to draw shoppers into the store, where they will then find affordable products. She also said that the store has attracted a large number of customers, ranging from students to New Haven residents, since its opening. The protest received mixed responses from onlookers. While the protesters were asked to move away from the storefront of Denali, they received a banana from the Crêpes Choupette cart, as well as multiple honks from cars driving by. Passers-by, many of whom were Yale students, voiced appreciation for the protest, the organizers said. Others, however, were unsure of whether the protest was in favor of Kiko Milano or not. In the second half of the protest, Gertler read a speech from the back of a poster, declaring “life, liberty and the pursuit of Italian makeup” as unalienable rights to those with “more money than others.” The Shops at Yale website describes Kiko Milano as “an affordable Italian professional cosmetics brand with more than 1,200 products.” Contact MICHELLE LIU at michelle.liu@yale.edu .
MICHELLE LIU/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER
Approximately 20 people gathered on Broadway to protest the right to “life, liberty and the pursuit of Italian makeup.”
YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 20, 2015 · yaledailynews.com
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AROUND THE IVIES T H E H A R VA R D C R I M S O N
“We pledge ourselves to liberate all our people from continuing bondage of poverty, deprivation, suffering, gender and other discrimination.” NELSON MANDELA SOUTH AFRICAN REVOLUTIONARY
C O R N E L L D A I LY S U N
Probe’s end may mean closer scrutiny Cuomo presses for ‘Yes Means Yes’ tral focus would be on matters specific to the College, rather than the University’s new HARVARD central policy. OCR evaluated that University-wide policy last month in its resolution agreement with the Law School. Although all of Harvard’s schools follow the same central sexual harassment policy and complaints against students across the University currently go through the same central investigation process, each individual school is responsible for crafting their own procedures for disciplining students who violate the policy. Fox-Penner said OCR had indicated that it would examine academic accommodations offered by the College and the roles of deans in the Houses and other House administrators as part of the College investigation. Fox-Penner said OCR said it also would evaluate the Faculty of Arts and Sciences’ school-specific Title IX procedures, which govern the College. The final version of the FAS procedures has not yet been implemented. “We’ve heard a lot from OCR generally that the timeline for the Law School complaint does affect our timeline and what they’re focusing on,” Fournier said. Denise Horn, an assistant press secretary at the U.S. Department of Education, wrote in an emailed statement that OCR’s determination of compli-
BY NOAH DELWICHE AND IVAN LEVINGSTON Now that the U.S. Department of Education’s investigation into Harvard Law School’s compliance with Title IX has concluded, the government’s ongoing probe at the College may focus more specifically on the undergraduate school’s own handling of sexual harassment, rather than the University’s central approach to the issue, according to members of the student group that requested the investigation. After a years-long probe, the Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights found the Law School in violation of antisex discrimination law Title IX late last month, and Harvard administrators agreed to make several changes to the University’s new central sexual harassment policy to comply with the law. But despite that agreement, a second investigation — this time into Harvard College’s compliance with Title IX — is still underway, meaning that the government has another chance to assess Harvard’s handling of sexual assault. Members of the student activist group that filed the complaint that prompted the College investigation, Our Harvard Can Do Better, suggest that the outstanding probe will focus on the College specifically. Jessica R. Fournier and Emily M. Fox-Penner, organizers for Our Harvard Can Do Better, have met with OCR investigators several times about the case. In their conversations with them, according to Fournier, OCR said the College investigation’s cen-
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ance and any resolution agreement with the College would “necessarily involve” analyzing how Harvard’s University-wide Title IX policy and procedures are implemented. She declined to comment on further aspects of the ongoing investigation. University spokesperson Jeff Neal did not respond to a request for comment on the ongoing College investigation. Experts say that the Law School resolution agreement will likely have broader implications for OCR’s separate investigation into the College, although pinpointing specific effects could be difficult given the unpredictable nature of OCR investigations. There is not much precedence for how OCR handles two concurrent investigations or resolution agreements underway at individual schools within one individual university, according to S. Daniel Carter, the director of 32 National Campus Safety Initiative, a group that advises colleges on campus safety issues. “This is a very unique situation,” Carter said. A move by OCR to hone in on specific details at the College could be a way for investigators to indicate that they are addressing specific concerns raised by the original complainants, rather than broader University issues, said Peter F. Lake, a professor at Stetson University College of Law who specializes in higher education law. He said this is a growing trend for Title IX investigations. “They’re coming in with more targeted approaches to investigations that they’re willing to share,” Lake said.
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BY ANNIE BUI Under legislation proposed by New York Governor Andrew Cuomo Saturday, all colleges and universities in the State of New York will be required to adopt an affirmative consent policy. The bill — if passed — would expand on an already-existing policy enacted by Cuomo in October, which required all 64 State University of New York schools to include an affirmative consent provision to their own sexual assault policies. The current SUNY policy defines consent for sexual activity as “clear, unambiguous and voluntary agreement,” The Sun previously reported. This definition resembles that of California bill SB-967, which was adopted in September and mandates that all public universities that receive funding adopt a “yes means yes” policy, according to Reuters. Unlike SB-967, however, the broadened SUNY sexual assault policy will apply to both private and public universities in the state, and not just institutions which are funded by the state. “It’s worked very, very well [at SUNY],” Cuomo said of the policy at a news conference at New
York University. “We now want to codify it as a law.” Cuomo said he b e l i e v es CORNELL that it is a “crime” for colleges and universities to keep matters of sexual assault behind closed doors. “I believe there are institutions that want to protect their relationship and they don’t want the publicity of the attacks happening on their campus,” he said. “… They do what they can to tamp it down. This is not a private matter. This is a crime.” Cuomo also said he hoped that standardizing a sexual assault policy across institutions would encourage victims to come forward, according to Reuters. “One out of four women are victims, but only 5 percent are being reported,” Cuomo said. “When you leave alone a crime, you allow the criminal to do it again. And that’s what we’re doing now.” The “affirmative consent” language is only one facet of Cuomo’s proposal, according to Reuters. Other provisions include “immunity from drug or
alcohol violations for students reporting an assault, a bill of rights for the victim and policy training for all school officials.” Though Cuomo said he believes the proposed legislation would “start a dialogue across the nation,” several Cornell officials have stated in the past that the University’s sexual assault policy — Policy 6.4 — is already aligned with Cuomo’s affirmative consent policy. “If we think about it as a continuum with ‘no means no’ versus a ‘yes means yes’ type of consent, I would say we are much closer on the continuum to ‘yes means yes,’ even though we’ve never articulated it in exactly that way,” said Judicial Administrator Mary Beth Grant J.D. ’88 to The Sun in October. Laura Weiss, director of the Women’s Resource Center, said she believes that the concept of affirmative consent is nothing novel, The Sun previously reported. “If it’s not affirmative and enthusiastic, then what is it — reluctant and coerced?” Weiss said. “I think affirmative consent is consent. I feel like it’s parsing things out really closely to think that there’s some kind of difference between those things. We don’t have retroactive consent.”
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OPINION.
Gov. Andrew Cuomo (D-N.Y.) speaks at a campaign rally in November. On Saturday, Cuomo proposed legislation that would require all private colleges in the State of New York to adopt an affirmative consent policy.
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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 20, 2015 · yaledailynews.com
SPORTS No Halejian, no problem for Yale W. BASKETBALL FROM PAGE 12 Offensively, Yale owed much of its success to Simpson, who scored a career-high 19 points on eight-of-12 shooting. In addition, the freshman star produced six rebounds, three assists and three steals. Other players added to Yale’s explosive offense as well. Joining Simpson in double-digit scoring were Sarju and Werner, who added 13 and 10 points to the game, respectively. The Bulldogs’ mentality also played a large part in Friday’s win. As this was Yale’s first Ivy game, the players brought intensity and passion to the game, according to Simpson. “Ivy season is what we’ve been working hard to prepare for almost six months and we all couldn’t wait to get after Brown
“I remember telling my dad, ‘Dad, I’m just never going to get a double-double.’” JAVIER DUREN ’15 MEN’S BASKETBALL POINT GUARD
Elis get big road win
right from tip-off,” Simpson said. Combined with Yale’s pressure defense, Simpson said that the Bulldogs caught Brown off guard and made it difficult for the opponent to execute its offense consistently. Looking forward, Yale will only compete against conference schools for the remainder of the season. “In the upcoming practices before our rematch with Brown, the focus will be on getting better and preparing ourselves for the tough Ivy schedule ahead of us with back-to-back games on Fridays and Saturdays,” Werner said. The Elis will face Brown again this Friday at Providence. Tip-off is at 7 p.m. Contact JULIA YAO at julia.yao@yale.edu .
JAMES BADAS/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER
Two Elis put up double-doubles: forward Justin Sears ’16 and guard Javier Duren ’15, the Ivy Player of the Week. M. BASKETBALL FROM PAGE 12
OLUFOLAKE OGUNMOLA/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER
Turnovers proved crucial to the Elis — while Yale had 18 giveaways, Brown mustered just eight points off of them.
tistical rebounders in the league in Rafael Maia and Leland King — by a 45–37 margin. Brown remains the top rebounding team in the league in terms of quantity, with 37.5 rebounds per game compared to Yale’s 37.2, but Yale maintained its lead in rebounding margin. The Bulldogs have outrebounded opponents this season by an average of 7.3 rebounds per game, a figure that ranks 23rd out of 345 Division I schools and is more than double the next closest Ivy team. Jones credited the team’s rebounding prowess in addition to stout defensive play in making up for a middling offensive performance. “We didn’t shoot the ball a great percentage, but shooting 43 percent is good enough to help us win if your defense is really good,” Jones said. “Our defense was really good, and we outrebounded a very good rebounding team.” As far as the biggest takeaway of the weekend, Yale’s play at point guard makes a strong case. Duren controlled the game
Elis drop tight Cornell game
from the opening tip, registering his first career double-double with a 19-point, 10-rebound performance. “I remember telling my dad, ‘Dad, I’m just never going to get a double-double,’” Duren said. “But that’s a tribute to my team. Even if I didn’t have the doubledouble, I’d still be proud of these guys. I’m proud of the way we played today.” Duren’s play earned accolades from the conference, as he was awarded with his third Ivy League Player of the Week award, the most in the league for a player who is consistently building a case for Player of the Year. In addition to a stellar performance from the senior guard, guard Jack Montague ’16 added 15 points while freshman guard Makai Mason ’18 stepped up and provided a welcome boost off the bench in his first career Ivy League outing. The slight guard from Greenfield, Mass. contributed 10 points as he reached double-digits for the fifth time this season. “In the second half, [Mason] settled down and played like himself, and he was really terrific,” Jones said. “So when
W. HOCKEY FROM PAGE 12
nell. We played as a team and played with a lot of energy in both games.” In Friday’s game against Cornell, both the Big Red and the Bulldogs were focused on an active offense. The two teams each peaked in terms of shots on goal during the first period, although not one found the back of the net. Just after eight minutes into the game, Yale goalkeeper Jaimie Leonoff ’15 stepped away from the goal to block a shot. The rebound attempt on the wide-open goal was saved by defenseman Mallory Souliotis ’18, who dove to the ice to block the opportunity. This was followed by a series of three successive power plays for Yale, which could not capitalize on any of them. Despite 11 penalties throughout the game, with five called on the Bulldogs and six on the Big Red, neither team was able to convert a power play opportunity into a goal. It appeared that the game would be scoreless entering the third period, but with only 25 seconds remaining Cornell forward Caroline DeBruin overcame a two-on-one to put the Big Red on the board. Following the pace of the game so far, both teams continued to push offensively, but no goals were scored for most of the third period. In the final minute of the game, Leonoff was pulled from the goal. In spite of a face-off on the Cornell side of ice in the last 15 seconds due to an icing call, Yale could not manage to win the drop of the puck, and the Big Red upped the score to 2–0 with a goal on the empty net. “This weekend was the best weekend that we have put together so far this season,” captain and defenseman Aurora Kennedy ’15 said. “Unfortunately, our strength of play did not materialize on the scoreboard. We outplayed Cornell, but their goalie had a really good game and we could not put one past her.”
“I would say that any time you can get four points out of a weekend it was definitely a successful one,” O’Gara said. “We were aggressive and stuck to our structure and team game and were able to really take the game to Brown all over the ice.” Yale’s second matchup against Brown produced an even more decisive win, as the Elis’s offense powered the hockey squad to a 5–1 thrashing of the Bears. Though the game began as a close contest, with first period goals from Mike Doherty ’17 and Brown’s Nick Lappin, Yale blew the gates wide open in the second period, scoring four goals in rapid succession. John Hayden ’17 put the Bulldogs ahead within seven minutes, while O’Gara,
The Bulldogs fell 2–0 to Cornell on Friday with one empty-net goal near the end of the contest. This was the second time that the Elis faced Cornell this season. The last game ended with a 6–2 victory for the Big Red. Although the second contest ended in defeat for the Bulldogs as well, players believed that they proved they could be competitive with their tough conference competition. Cornell has several players who are members of the Canadian National team, and according to forward Hanna Åström ’16, they are always one of the top teams in the league. While the game was a loss for the Bulldogs, they did take 10 more shots than the Big Red, with 41 throughout the game. “It’s impossible not to score [with that many shots,]” Åström said. “But we made it possible. At least we generated a lot of opportunities.” It was a completely different atmosphere for Yale during Saturday’s came against Colgate. Although the Raiders scored the first goal of the game 12:07 in the first period, it was the only shot
that escaped Leonoff that day. The Bulldogs answered five minutes later with a combination of passes that led to forward Jackie Raines ’15 finding the back of the net in order to tie the game. For the next two periods, Yale dominated the matchup with four goals, including two from forward Phoebe Staenz ’17, who earned three points in the game. Another goal came from defenseman Madi Murray ’15, who got one past Raider goalkeeper Ashlynne Rando for her second career goal. According to Åström, Yale accomplished many of its offensive goals for the weekend, including having players work their way closer to the net to shoot. The team took a total of 75 shots in the two games this weekend, much higher than the team’s average of 29.3 per game. On both Friday and Saturday, Yale will take on Brown in an attempt to boost its ECAC standing. Contact HOPE ALLCHIN at hope.allchin@yale.edu .
Contact JAMES BADAS at james.badas@yale.edu .
Yale sweep Bears
M. HOCKEY FROM PAGE 12
HOPE ALLCHIN/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER
Javier Duren took a blow, the lead actually increased which was great. Because Javi was tremendous today.” Jones went on to say that it was Duren’s best game as a Bulldog, high praise considering Duren has had a career of incredible performances, such as a 33-point outing in a CollegeInsider.com Tournament victory over Columbia last season. Duren expressed how excited he was about the team’s performance, as well as his own in helping lead the team to victory, but pointed out success in the Ancient Eight demands a high level of play weekto-week. “We came out from the start, and we played basketball like we know how to play,” Duren said of the Elis. “So the key right now, like every Ivy season, is to just be consistent.” Yale will have the chance to build upon the strong conference start this upcoming Saturday, as the Bulldogs will have to fend off the same Brown squad.
Nate Repensky ’18 and Matt Killian ’15 swiftly put the game out of reach. “We’ve been getting better as the season has progressed and sweeping Brown is rewarding and shows that we’ve also matured as a team,” Hayden said. “We have a lot of ECAC and Ivy games ahead; and some of the keys will be continuing to play as a team and not be content — we want to stay motivated.” The Elis, currently sitting at fifth in the ECAC, are seven points from the top of the table. However, they have played fewer conference games than any other team in the top five. While Yale still has to perform at the top of their game to overtake those ahead of them, the Elis will have the opportunity to leapfrog another top five squad on its upcom-
ing road trip when they take on the St. Lawrence Saints. Since the Saints have 14 points compared to Yale’s 13, the Elis could soon move into third place in the ECAC if they maintain its winning ways — and coming away with another four-point trip. “I think the main reason we were successful this weekend is because we just went out and played a great team game both nights,” forward Frank Dichiara ’17 said. “We played great hockey in all three zones, competed and we won battles all over the ice. When we play that way we are a tough team to play against.” Yale’s next Ivy League matchup comes against Princeton on Friday, Jan. 30 at Ingalls Rink. Contact MARC CUGNON at marc.cugnon@yale.edu .
BRIANNA LOO/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER
The Bulldogs (10–4–2, 5–3–1 ECAC) let up just a single goal in two contests against the Brown Bears (4–12–0, 1–8–0 ECAC) this weekend.
YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 20, 2015 · yaledailynews.com
PAGE 9
BULLETIN BOARD
TODAY’S FORECAST Mostly sunny, with a high near 35. Wind chill values between 15 and 25. West wind 7 to 10 mph.
TOMORROW
THURSDAY
High of 34, low of 22.
High of 35, low of 18.
THE DAILY LONDONETTE BY LEAF ARBUTHNOT
ON CAMPUS TUESDAY, JANUARY 19 3:00 PM YUL Ball and Exhibit Opening of “Harry Potter’s World: Renaissance Science, Magic and Medicine. Join the celebration at this exhibition opening, brought to you by the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Explore Harry Potter’s world and its roots in medicine and science while sharing “cauldron cakes,” “butterbeer” and other magical treats. Costumes are encouraged so come as your favorite Harry Potter character! Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library (333 Cedar Street), Open to the public. 4:00 PM Head of a Chicken or Tail of a Phoenix? “Relative Deprivation” and Its Implications for Public Welfare and Policy. Xi Chen, a fellow at the Yale Institute for Social and Policy Studies and a faculty advisor in the Yale-China Association, will draw rich policy implications based on Chinese and international evidence as part of the Fireside Chat Series. Yale-China Association (442 Temple St.).
WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 20 12:00 PM Distant Freedom: St. Helena and the Abolition of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1840–1872. In 2008, archaeological excavations in Rupert’s Valley, on the South Atlantic island of St. Helena, unearthed the graveyards of thousands of “recaptive” or “liberated Africans.” Join Andrew Pearson, research associate at the department of Archaeology and Anthropology from University of Bristol, to learn more about the implications of this discovery. 230 Prospect (230 Prospect St.), Rm. 101. 7:30 PM A Discussion of Race and Religion in America with Pastor Carlton R. Lee. In celebration of Martin Luther King, Jr. day, YDS is honored to host Pastor Carlton R. Lee for a discussion of race in religion in America. Sterling Divinity Quadrangle (409 Prospect St.), Niebuhr Hall.
THURSDAY, JANUARY 21 2:00 PM Films at the Whitney. CEAS Japan Film Series: “Stray Dog” (Japan, 1949) 122 min. 35mm. Whitney Humanities Center (53 Wall St.), Aud.
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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 20, 2015 · yaledailynews.com
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Humans’ understanding of cause and effect nuanced BY GEORGE SAUSSY STAFF REPORTER The way humans think about cause and effect is not completely logical, a new Yale study has found. The researchers performed a series of experiments to show that the way humans store knowledge about how events are related can lead to seemingly inconsistent behavior, from memory recall to sentence formation. While it may seem obvious that if A causes B and B causes C then A causes C, it turns out there are cases where people do not intuitively reach this connection. The researchers were able to show that the mind stores information in “causal islands” as opposed to a “causal network.” In
other words, the mind treats some pockets of knowledge in isolation from others. “We were interested in people’s ‘mental representations’ of causal knowledge,” said Yale psychology student and the study’s lead author Samuel Johnson GRD ’17. “Cognitive scientists think of the mind as being like a computer, and just like how computers can use different formats to structure information, the mind also can use different formats to store different kinds of information.” There are two reasonable explanations for how the mind stores information about cause and effect. The first is that all information is in one large network. The second is that there are causal islands — or subnet-
works — which are unconnected to each other. The findings from this study indicate that the latter is more likely. In obtaining their results, the researchers performed a series of surveys in which they asked participants to rate how well causal statements were connected. The results showed that causal information is often misremembered in a way that is consistent with the island model, and that the way people choose to form sentences and tell stories is informed by whether the causation in the events is intuitive. For example, participants interpreted the statement, “exercising causes one to drink water” as intuitive, but did not interpret “sex causes nausea” as intuitive.
In the first statement, participants thought it was unnecessary to explain that exercising causes someone to drink water because the person becomes dehydrated. In other words, the intermediate step seemed obvious. But in the second sentence, they felt that mentioning pregnancy was necessary to explain the relationship between sex and nausea — even though participants understood the strong intermediate connection between both sex and pregnancy and between pregnancy and nausea. “If people store causal relations in a network, all causal chains should be transitive,” Johnson said. “But people seem to store the relationship between sex and pregnancy in one schema, and the
relationship between pregnancy and nausea in a separate schema. Not only are some causal chains intransitive, but we can also predict which chains will be intransitive.” According to Christian Luhmann, a professor of psychology at Stony Brook University who was not affiliated with the study, the paper represents a larger trend in cognitive science that tests human minds against normative models. While philosophers have been asking questions about cognition since antiquity, that field of thought has recently been taken over by computer scientists and applied mathematicians, he said. This research is the first time anyone has examined the cognitive source of apparent inconsis-
tencies in the way people think about causation. “There has been a big trend in cognitive science to represent causal science in terms of a network of things with all arrows connected,” said Woo-Kyoung Ahn, professor of psychology at Yale and senior author of the paper. “If that’s all we have in our head in terms of causal relations, there’s no way they can distinguish between these kinds of chains. Why are some chains intransitive and some chains transitive?” The paper was accepted to the journal Cognitive Science in September 2014. Contact GEORGE SAUSSY at george.saussy@yale.edu .
THAO DO/ILLUSTRATIONS EDITOR
Biological explanations, less empathy BY ERIN WANG STAFF REPORTER Biological explanations of mental illness reduce clinicians’ empathy for their patients, according to a new Yale study. U.S. physicians were given a series of fictitious patients with various mental illnesses that were explained using either biological
or psychosocial reasons. Doctors exhibited less empathy after reading the biological explanations. Furthermore, clinicians believed medication, not psychotherapy, to be a more effective treatment when symptoms were explained biologically. The finding comes at a time when there has been a shift to conceptualizing psychiatric disorders as bio-
medical diseases, according to lead author and psychology graduate student Matthew Lebowitz GRD ’16. There is no doubt that advances in genetics and neuroscience have revolutionized how we see mental health, he added, but it is important to understand their pitfalls, too. “The conventional wisdom often goes, ‘We don’t blame peo-
ple for physical diseases like cancer or diabetes because those things are biologically caused,’ and we might expect that by reducing blame, we would increase empathy and reduce stigma,” Lebowitz said. “But the evidence has not supported that.” Before this study, no one had investigated what impact this increasing reliance on biologi-
KONSTANTINOS VYZAS/STAFF ILLUSTRATOR
cal explanations of mental disorders had on clinicians. The paper stated that the discovery was alarming because empathy is crucial to a positive relationship between a mental health clinician and their patients. Co-author and Yale psychology professor Woo-kyoung Ahn cautioned against the trend of studying all mental disorders in terms of biological mechanisms because this increases the social distance between patient and doctor. The tendency to favor medication over psychotherapy creates a vicious cycle that further pushes the patient away, she said. Both Ahn and Lebowitz said that they are now searching for a way to present biological explanations of diseases in a less mechanistic way that will discourage clinicians from inadvertently dehumanizing their patients. Ahn noted the difficulty of viewing people as both humans and biological systems at the same time, and she said that we need to figure out how to remind clinicians of this duality. Director of the Impulse Control Disorders Clinic at Stanford Elias Aboujaoude said he thinks that this preliminary study should serve as a wake-up call. He suggested that the psychiatric profession may have been too quick to embrace the move from mind to brain in interpreting and addressing symptoms. “While understanding the biological roots of psychiatric illness can reduce the stigma that some patients feel, it would be a net loss if mental health professionals started treating patients less humanely as a result,” he said. The National Institute of Mental Health is currently developing a new framework for classifying patients with mental illness
for research studies. In contrast to current methods of diagnosing patients, which are largely based on clinical observation and self-reporting, the Research Domain Criteria will rely heavily on the results of recent biological research. According to Lebowitz, this is just one example of how strong the current zeitgeist is. “We want to emphasize that we don’t think that understanding the biological explanation is a bad thing, but we need to know how it impacts social and emotional reaction,” Lebowitz said. “Biology does not exist in a vacuum and does not unilaterally determine people’s destinies and identities.” He added that human psychological experience is a very complex interaction between many different factors, which includes biology as well as social context, developmental history and day-to-day experience. All these other factors are intertwined, and it does not make sense to separate them and look at biology alone, he concluded. Noting this, the authors acknowledged that their vignettes were an oversimplification of the myriad factors that interact with each other to cause mental illness. They suggested that clinicians may be able to increase their empathy if they remember that biology is just one explanation of many and that biological differences do not create permanent, fundamental dividing lines between themselves and their patients. Almost 50 percent of Americans will suffer from mental illness at some point in their lives, according to the Global Burden of Disease study, conducted in 2010. Contact ERIN WANG at erin.wang@yale.edu .
YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 20, 2015 · yaledailynews.com
PAGE 11
“The lack of money is the root of all evil.” MARK TWAIN AMERICAN AUTHOR
With increased wealth, religions take a moral stand
ASHLYN OAKES/STAFF ILLUSTRATOR
BY BRENDAN HELLWEG STAFF REPORTER The Notorious B.I.G. was famed for claiming, “Mo’ Money, Mo’ Problems,” but a new article from Yale psychology graduate student Konika Banerjee GRD ’17 and psychology professor Paul Bloom argues that the reality is different. In an article entitled “Religion: More Money, More Morals” published in Current Biology on Jan. 5, Banerjee and Bloom build off of a recent study by Nicolas Baumard of the University of Pennsylvania. That earlier study claims that between the sixth and fourth century B.C., the dramatic growth of wealth in societies worldwide increased religions’ emphasis on morality. The Banerjee and Bloom article expands upon Baumard’s and argues that past a certain point of wealth, moralizing religions became less prominent in society.
“Religions around the world have not always espoused the sorts of moral doctrines and spiritual ideals that many people naturally associate with religion today,” said Banerjee, a doctoral candidate in psychology. “Rather, this association seems to have emerged fairly recently in human history.” In the first study, Baumard looked at a wide variety of faiths and philosophies, including Judaism, Buddhism, Daoism and Jainism, and identified common trends in the faiths, including a greater emphasis on gods as virtuous beings and a transcendence of temporal and material matters. Being faithful began to include relinquishing worldly possessions in favor of charitable acts and ascetic worship, wrote Baumard, a change that he described as the movement into the Axial Age, a period of broad growth in religions worldwide. “This higher purpose is reflected in the higher purpose
of the universe itself (e.g. karma or logos),” Baumard wrote in the study. “Beyond this material world lies another reality in which human existence acquires a new purpose.” In Roman societies, for example, the time period featured the growth of stoicism, a broad philosophy that warned against coveting external goods, favoring instead complete control of one’s desires and inclinations. Epictetus, a first century Roman stoic philosopher, wrote that “the essence of philosophy is that a man should so live that his happiness shall depend as little as possible on external things.” This approach to life, Baumard argued, is the product of a wealthier society less concerned with base sustenance and more able to pursue other forms of well-being. This growth in wealth across the eight societies surveyed was measured primarily by looking at the growth in energy cap-
tured by the society. Essentially, how many calories of consumable energy produced per capita per day determined the degree that the average person had to be concerned with sustenance, and thus how much surplus could go towards the production of societal goods other than grains, like ships and buildings. A society less concerned with immediate survival is then able to think about longterm well being and deeper questions. When the societies passed the threshold of 20,000 nutritional calories per person per day, there was a higher likelihood of the growth of these Axial religions over a few centuries, the study found — the huge surplus of calories that were not being consumed by the humans could then be used for other purposes, like feeding animals. That supported the concept that well-being led to a transition in the emphasis of religion. The study argued that gods with-
out many moral lessons became moral forces because of this surplus of calories and affluence. That, in turn, led to greater societal cohesion. The Banerjee and Bloom article differed from Baumard’s study in its interest with the modern implications of the notion that wealth corresponds with growth of religious morality. “Today, the most affluent countries are actually the least religious, while less affluent countries tend to be far more religious,” Banerjee said. “There may in fact be a sort of inverted U-shaped relationship between societal wealth and moralizing religions. Some threshold of affluence has to be passed for moralizing religions to emerge, but further affluence may in fact promote secularization, at least in the modern world.” While the populations of economically strong countries like the United States and Germany are less religious than in the past,
nations with widespread poverty often strongly embrace faith. Banerjee reconciles that observation with the study’s claims by recognizing that even the poorest modern country has more wealth than a state in the ancient world. She speculated that there may be some sort of peak point — where religion most strongly guides ethical thought — between pre-Axial poverty and modern affluent consumerism. “Some threshold of affluence has to be passed for moralizing religions to emerge, but further affluence may in fact promote secularization, at least in the modern world,” Banerjee said. According to the Gallup poll, between 1960 and 2010, the percentage of Americans who do not follow a religion increased sevenfold from two percent to 14 percent. Contact BRENDAN HELLWEG at brendan.hellweg@yale.edu .
Neighborhood solidarity reduces gun violence BY MALINA SIMARD-HALM STAFF REPORTER Strengthening neighborhood ties reduces the rate of community gun violence, a new study from the Yale School of Medicine has found. Researchers administered surveys to two high-crime New Haven county neighborhoods, West River and Newhallville. The data showed an inverse correlation between strong neighborhood connections — measured by the number of neighbors each person knew — and exposure to gun violence. The research was inspired by the way resilience teams respond to natural disasters: similar to the way natural disasters devastate entire communities, gun violence also strips a community of its support systems, said Yale School of Medicine researcher and Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholar Brita Roy. “The results of our research found that social cohesion and community efficacy are negatively associated with exposure to violence,” Yale School of Medicine researcher and RWJC Scholar Carly Riley said. “Having these conversations about gun violence, community resilience and improving the neighborhood will be vital.” Because it is the first to adopt a natural disaster framework to gun violence, the study has attracted national attention. The team leaders have already begun collaborating with centers in Los Angeles and New Orleans to help them address similar issues of urban gun violence, Riley said. The researchers also presented the new approach at the American Public Health Association meeting in November as a way to disseminate their method across
the nation. Though the conclusions of the data analysis did align with the researchers’ general hypothesis, Roy said, the tremendous exposure to violence among New Haven community members astonished her. Out of approximately 151 participants, nearly everyone surveyed reported hearing a gunshot in their neighborhood. In addition, approximately twothirds of those polled mentioned having a friend or family member harmed by gun violence, and nearly 60 percent of the survey’s participants had a loved one die as a result. According to Ann Greene, cochair of the Community Resilience Team — an organization comprised of residents dedicated to community safety — the involvement of different groups, including community members, city leaders and Yale researchers, was critical to the project’s success. “It has been deeply invaluable to have community members, community stakeholders, and researchers at the same table from the very beginning of this through every step,” Riley said. “This has been absolutely essential to this work and effort.” The study represents the beginning of a new collaborative enterprise, Greene said. These teams will now set out to implement the findings of the research by addressing broken neighborhood ties. The data in the article support a two-pronged strategy to confronting gun violence, including the distribution of a Community Resilience Handbook and greater community organizing, Riley said. Those two things will be emphasized as the researchers put their work into practice.
ASHLYN OAKES/STAFF ILLUSTRATOR
Greene advocated for a bottomup approach to preventing future gun violence and community insecurity. “The longer I’ve been at this work, the more I believe the solution for this conflict will not come from grants, police, or the government,” Greene said. “The best and longer term solution comes from the people intimately involved in and have their own interest in the safety of the neighborhood.”
In addition to including questions about exposure to violence and social cohesion, the survey also asked what three reforms the participants would most want to see in their neighborhoods. Participants most frequently referenced the need for more communal events, recreational centers, youth programs, city refurbishment and beautification as well as improved relations with the police. Giving a voice to the people
living in these communities and restoring agency was a major objective of the project, Greene said. “People have to believe again that it is possible to change things for the better in their neighborhood,” she added. “These people had things to say, opinions to share, and memories [of] when these neighborhoods were great places to live in. They wanted to stay in their neighborhoods despite the vio-
lence, but they want Newhallville and West River to be what [they were] decades ago.” According to the American Public Health Association, the New Haven homicide rate from 2000–2010 was 10 out of 100,000 residents per year, with the annual homicide rate tripling in the past five years. Contact MALINA SIMARD-HALM at malina.simard-halm@yale.edu .
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JAVIER DUREN ’15 MEN’S BASKETBALL GUARD EARNS PLAYER OF THE WEEK HONORS Duren put up 19 points and 10 rebounds to earn his first career double-double on Saturday. In the game, the Bulldogs defeated Brown 80–62 in their first conference game of the 2014–2015 season.
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TAMARA SIMPSON ’18 WOMEN’S BASKETBALL GUARD EARNS ROOKIE OF THE WEEK HONORS Simpson averaged 17 points, two assists and three steals in the Bulldogs victories over Brown and Saint Peter’s this weekend. Through the two games, she had career-highs in field goals, assists and rebounds.
“We’ve been getting better as the season has progressed, and sweeping Brown is rewarding and shows that we’ve also matured as a team”
JOHN HAYDEN ’17 MEN’S HOCKEY
YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 20, 2015 · yaledailynews.com
Bulldogs dismantle Bears BY JAMES BADAS STAFF REPORTER In a series that has recently been dominated by the home team, the Yale men’s basketball team made the trip up to Providence and asserted itself in emphatic fashion. The Bulldogs (12–6, 1–0 Ivy) controlled every facet of the game Saturday afternoon en route to an 80–62 dismantling of Brown (9–9, 0–1 Ivy), snapping a streak of the home team winning the past four matchups between the two squads. “I was telling my teammates on the bench that they can’t really comprehend how good this win feels,” guard Javier Duren ’15 said. “My past two years, every time we came up here to play Brown, we’ve laid eggs and it’s been terrible.” From a purely statistical standpoint, Yale edged Brown in every traditional shooting category, as well as in rebounding, turnovers, assists, steals and blocks. For a Yale team with Ivy title aspirations, not much more could have gone right. During no stretch was that more evident than a 31–11 run to end the first half that turned a four-point deficit into a 47–31 advantage, one that the Elis never relinquished. Perhaps the only blemish of the day was the freethrow shooting of forward
Justin Sears ’16, as he converted just 7–16 attempts from the charity stripe. A career 66 percent shooter from the free-throw line, Sears still poured in 15 points to go along with 11 rebounds as he notched his 14th career double-double. “Justin Sears’s free-throw shooting aside, I thought it was almost a perfect game for us in a lot of ways,” head coach James Jones said. Despite Sears’s inefficiency at the line, he still nearly matched the Bears as a team, as Brown converted only 11 free throws — on 18 attempts — while the Plainfield, New Jersey native made seven. Although both teams displayed some understandable jitters early on during their opening weekend of conference play, Yale was first to settle down and played a very clean game overall. Yale’s nine turnovers as a team reversed a worrisome trend of 15-plus turnovers in four of the prior five games. “We handled [the ball] tremendously,” Sears said. “We’ve been focusing on that in practice. We’ve been running for turnovers so guys have a better sense of urgency when they have the ball.” Yale also made its presence felt on the glass, outrebounding the Bears — who have two of the top four staSEE M. BASKETBALL PAGE 8
MEN’S BASKETBALL
Yale team splits ECAC weekend BY HOPE ALLCHIN STAFF REPORTER It was a bittersweet weekend for the Yale women’s hockey team, ending with a win and a loss in pair of conference games.
WOMEN’S HOCKEY The Bulldogs (8–10– 1, 5–7–0 ECAC) endured a tough defeat to Cornell (9–6–3, 7–2–2) on Friday afternoon, losing 2–0
JAMES BADAS/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER
The Bulldogs held Brown to just 37.7 percent shooting and only five made threepointers on 24 attempts.
Eli defense shuts down Brown
In the Yale women’s basketball team’s inaugural Ivy game, the Bulldogs defeated Brown 66–49 after leading wire-to-wire, largely thanks to a strong defense as well as standout freshman guard Tamara Simpson ’18.
WOMEN’S BASKETBALL The Bulldogs (7–8, 1–0 Ivy) practiced full-court pressure defense for
HOPE ALLCHIN/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER
For the second time this season, Yale decimated the Colgate Raiders, winning the home matchup 5–1.
weeks before this game, which proved crucial in Friday’s win, according to Simpson. In total, the Bulldogs caused 23 turnovers and scored 21 points off of those giveaways. Furthermore, the Elis limited Brown’s senior captain Sophie Bikofsky, who averaged 14.4 points per game before Friday, to only one point, which did not happen until four minutes into the second half. “We were all really knowledgeable of Brown’s personnel, and we made it a goal to take away Bikofsky’s jump shot and make her uncomfortable
BRIANNA LOO/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER
The men’s hockey team is currently ranked fifth in the ECAC, just seven points from the top of the list.
With Yale feeling the pressure from top-ranking league competitors like Harvard and Quinnipiac, the men’s hockey squad emerged victorious from a duo of critical games against Brown.
MEN’S HOCKEY In its pair of weekend clashes against the Bears, Yale’s defensive acumen led the way as the Bulldogs (11–4–2, 6–3–1 ECAC) produced two wins and four points while allowing just a single goal to the Bears (4–13–0, 1–9–0 ECAC). During the Bulldogs’ first matchup
against the Bears, goaltender Alex Lyon ’17 led an impressive defensive stand by the Elis, producing 28 saves and a shutout in Yale’s 1–0 win over Brown. In a contest where Yale out-shot the Bears 36–28, it was only a matter of time before the Bulldogs found the net. And in the second period, defender Rob O’Gara ’16 capitalized on an Elis power play to fire the game winner past Brown’s Tyler Steele, who seemed nearly impenetrable for much of the game. Despite Steele’s 35 saves, O’Gara, Lyon and the Bulldogs came out on top in a gritty, defensive contest. SEE M. HOCKEY PAGE 8
STAT OF THE DAY 28
SEE W. HOCKEY PAGE 8
Simpson helps Yale to victory BY JULIA YAO STAFF REPORTER
BY MARC CUGNON STAFF REPORTER
in a shutout to the Big Red. However, the team rebounded with a decisive 5–1 victory against Colgate (5–18–0, 2–9–0) the following day. “The team played great all weekend,” defenseman Kate Martini ’16 said. “Everyone brought their best effort in both games and unfortunately we just couldn’t manage to find a way to score against Cor-
KATHRYN CRANDALL/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER
Yale notched 16 assists and held the Bears to only four en route to the 66–49 victory.
putting the ball on the floor,” Simpson said. The Bulldogs’ pressure defense also stalled Brown’s leading scorer Jordin Alexander, who averaged 16.6 points per game entering Friday. Alexander mustered just 12 points on 3–7 shooting during the game. “We know that defense is a huge part of our game and it’s really what fuels us and gets us going as a team,” Mary Ann Santucci ’18 said. Yale took control of the game from the get-go. The Bulldogs went on an 18–4 spurt to open the game, highlighted by 10 points from guard Nyasha Sarju ’16. With 8:13 left in the half, Yale had caused a dozen turnovers by the Bears (5–9, 0–1 Ivy). At the 5:51 mark, a three-pointer from forward Katie Werner ’17 gave Yale its largest lead of 22. The Bears then made three layups between sophomore guard Rebecca Musgrave and junior guard Ellise Sharpe to end halftime down 30–14. Brown maintained its momentum and started the second half on a 9–2 run, culminating in two successful free throws from Alexander at the 13:51 mark to shorten Yale’s lead to just seven. However, two consecutive jump shots from Simpson right afterwards sent the Yale offense off on a 16–6 run. In the next two minutes, the Bulldogs scored eight points between Simpson and Werner, while allowing the Bears just one layup. Two free throws from guard Lena Munzer ’17 at the 8:00 mark widened Yale’s lead to 50–36. The two teams traded baskets in the remaining minutes of the game, but the Bears were unable to come back and ultimately fell 66–49. SEE W. BASKETBALL PAGE 8
THE NUMBER OF SAVES GOALTENDER ALEX LYON ’17 HAD AGAINST BROWN IN FRIDAY’S CONTEST. Lyon’s performance earned him his second shutout of the season.