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NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT · TUESDAY, JANUARY 26, 2016 · VOL. CXXXVIII, NO. 70 · yaledailynews.com

INSIDE THE NEWS MORNING EVENING

CLOUDY CLOUDY

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CROSS CAMPUS The name game. Yesterday,

University Secretary Kimberly Goff-Crews announced that Chief Justice Margaret Marshall LAW ’76, senior fellow of the Yale Corporation, will hold two sessions to allow community members to express views on the naming of Calhoun College and the two new residential colleges.

The sessions will be held on Thursday and Friday at the Law School.

Great Big Ydeas. Yale College

Dean Jonathan Holloway and GSAS Dean Lynn Cooley, co-chairs of the Schwarzman Center Advisory Committee, sent a campuswide email announcing “The Big Ydea Schwarzman Center Thinkathon.” The event, which will take place on Feb. 20, invites student to brainstorm ideas for the center.

NOT PEPSI SLEEP PREVENTS COCAINE RELAPSE

GOING GLOBAL

CAPTAIN HOOKAH

Yale Young Global Scholars offers Arab leadership award

RESTAURANT, HOOKAH BAR TO OPEN DOWNTOWN

PAGES 10–11 SCI-TECH

PAGE 3 UNIVERSITY

PAGE 5 CITY

Application numbers break records APPLICATIONS 44PERCENT FORCLASS CLASSOF OF2020 2020 YALE COLLEGE APPLICATIONS PERCENT INCREASE FOR 32,000 31,439

admissions cycle.

Despite the increase, Dean of Undergraduate Admissions Jeremiah Quinlan said Yale values the overall quality of the applicant pool rather than sheer quantity of applications received.

Together with a Swedish pension fund and United Steelworkers, the largest industrial labor union in North America, a handful of undergraduates at Dwight Hall are confronting the oil and gas corporation ExxonMobil on an issue central to campus’s divestment debate: shareholder engagement.

On Sunday, the Dwight Hall Socially Responsible Investment Fund — an undergraduate group that aims to find the most ethical and responsible investment practices — became the first student-led fund nationwide to file a shareholder resolution, a request made by shareholders to vote on the direction of a company. The resolution calls on Exxon to publicly report its undisclosed lobbying expenditures. Climate activists have criticized Exxon for lobbying against the scientific community to downplay the threat of climate change. Around $2,000 of the Dwight Hall SRI Fund — which totals approximately $100,000 — was invested in ExxonMobil in 2014, the minimum amount required for filing a shareholder resolution with Exxon.

Yale is also an investor in Exxon, though the University has not disclosed the size of its stake in the company.

If all of Exxon’s shareholders vote the resolution down and refuse to disclose the company’s expenditures— and SRI mem-

SEE APPLICATIONS PAGE 4

SEE EXXON PAGE 6

30,000

29,000

CLASS OF

2016

Along came pollsters.

According to CNN’s most recent poll numbers, 2016 presidential candidate Hillary Clinton LAW ’73 is leading opponent Bernie Sanders 52 to 38 points among registered Democrats and Democraticleaning independents. Martin O’Malley, the third Democratic candidate, has only two percent of the vote.

Shareholder resolution filed against Exxon

BY FINNEGAN SCHICK STAFF REPORTER

30,227

28,000

2017

2018

2020

2019

AMANDA HU/PRODUCTION & DESIGN STAFF

BY JON VICTOR STAFF REPORTER Yale has received 31,439 total applications for the class of 2020 — the highest number submitted for any individual class in University history.

The number of applications sur-

passed the 31,000 mark for the first time ever, exceeding the previous record of 30,922 applications for the class of 2018. While the number of early action applications remained relatively stable this year at around 4,700 — the same as last year — applications to the class of 2020 overall are up by 1,132 from the last

Gymnastics team loses narrowly to University of Pennsylvania PAGE 12 SPORTS

+4.0%

31,000

BEND IT LIKE

Mind over matter. Mind

Matters, a mental health awareness and advocacy student group at Yale, will host a talk with Dr. Kay Redfield Jamison — a MacArthur Fellow and the author of “An Unquiet Mind,” a memoir describing her struggle with depression.

The event will take place at 7 p.m. tomorrow in Sudler Hall.

Last Friday night. New Haven

police shut down an Upper Westville pet shop that was functioning as an exotic fish store by day and an illegal dance club by night. Police discovered the nightclub when investigating a crowd of about 100 people outside the venue past midnight on Friday.

Get out the vote. The New

Haven Votes Coalition, a nonpartisan group dedicated to promoting voter engagement in the Elm City, invites residents to a community-wide meeting at City Hall to set the group’s 2016 agenda. Last year’s agenda included hosting a youth engagement event.

I got it from my momma. The

Foundation for International Medical Relief of Children at Yale will host the Woad’s dance party tomorrow. Buy your ticket from a member of FIMRC and the proceeds will serve new mothers in Nicaragua.

THIS DAY IN YALE HISTORY

1976 The Yale College Executive Committee decided against penalizing four students charged with cheating on the final examination in “Literature and Popular Culture” taught by associate professor David Thorburn.

Follow along for the News’ latest.

Twitter | @yaledailynews

y

Mental health reforms look beyond cultural centers

BY MONICA WANG STAFF REPORTER Following weeks of student demonstrations last semester calling for an improved campus racial climate, students and administrators alike have paid increased attention to updating and improving Yale’s mental health resources for students of color. The conversation comes

as Yale grapples with larger questions of how to provide quality mental health care for all its students, and administrators have emphasized a focus on broader reforms that will affect not just students of color, but all students seeking mental health care.

In a campuswide email in November, University President Peter Salovey promised the Yale

Open letter critiques GESO

BY FINNEGAN SCHICK AND VICTOR WANG STAFF REPORTERS Despite the Graduate Employees and Students Organization’s vocal support for racial and gender equality, an open letter written this weekend by women, LGBTQ graduate students and graduate students of color at Yale and signed by 118 graduate students lambasted the group’s organizing practices, calling them “manipulative” and “harmful,” especially to underrepresented groups at the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.

At its recent protests, GESO leaders have called for racial and gender equality among faculty members. In November, the organization collaborated with Next Yale, a recently formed student group focused on addressing issues of race at Yale, to host a teach-in on how Yale’s $25.6 bil-

lion endowment could be used to address issues of racism, inclusivity and diversity on campus. But this weekend’s open letter offered a sharp criticism of how GESO treats its professed allies, in particular denouncing the group’s recruitment tactics and hierarchy. These grievances are not new: Graduate students have aired them before, and administrators said they have received similar complaints about GESO’s aggression.

“We are concerned that [GESO’s] organizing practices fundamentally deny the different ways in which we move through Yale,” the open letter reads. “We emphasize here that these organizing issues are structural, not isolated instances that can be blamed on individual organizers.”

On Monday night, GESO’s Coordinating SEE GESO PAGE 6

community that professional counselors from Yale Health’s Mental Health and Counseling would work with cultural center deans to provide mental health services at each center: the Asian American Cultural Center, the Afro-American Cultural Center, La Casa Cultural and the Native American Cultural Center. In addition, last week, Yale Health Director Paul Gene-

cin announced in an email that Howard Blue — a man of color who was appointed the inaugural deputy director of MH&C in December — will lead the collaboration between MH&C and the cultural centers, and shape programs that address diversity and inclusion on campus. As MH&C looks to hire more clinicians, especially clinicians of color, both Salovey and Gene-

cin have emphasized the importance of more general changes, such as multicultural training for the entire MH&C staff and improved efficiency overall.

“We are still early in the process of laying out how we can sustain and enhance our mental health supports for students on campus, and particularly for SEE MENTAL HEALTH PAGE 4

Murphy seeks heating program funds

SARA TABIN/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Murphy met with Elm City residents at the Community Action Agency of New Haven.

BY SARA TABIN STAFF REPORTER Sen. Chris Murphy visited the Community Action Agency of New Haven Monday not just to speak, but to listen.

The senator came with the goal of hearing stories of New Haven residents who depend on federal funding to pay their heating bills. Before sitting down with seven members of CAANH, Murphy spoke with beneficiaries of

the service, which connects New Haven residents in poverty with a variety of programs that provide support with education, health and housing. One such program is SEE MURPHY PAGE 6

PAGE 2

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 26, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

OPINION

.COMMENT “As an alumnus of Yale and Calhoun (’66) he has my vote.” yaledailynews.com/opinion

Electric feel

GUEST COLUMNIST DANIEL TENREIRO-BRASCHI

Why don’t we complain?

I

t is a daily occurrence in Yale’s dining halls. After having stacked one or two thousand calories’ worth of food onto his plate, a hungry student eagerly reaches for silverware, only to find that the fork supply has been depleted. He stares blankly at the empty canister for a few seconds, looks around to see if there are any forks elsewhere (perhaps in the soda machine or in a basket of apples) and then waits for a fork to materialize. Realizing that we live in a bleak, torturous reality in which forks tend not to appear out of thin air, he groans in frustration and goes to sit down, grabbing a piece of bread or a muffin to hold him over until a member of the dining-hall staff decides to replenish the fork canister.

Approaching a dining-hall staff member seems so simple, yet when the coffee runs out or there are no soup bowls left, few people take the initiative to get the problem solved. We would rather suffer through hunger and thirst, finding ways to eat cereal with a fork or limiting our diets to chicken fingers, than face the horrors of an encounter with dining-hall staff members.

This phenomenon is not limited to Yale, nor to the 21st century. In his 1961 essay “Why Don’t We Complain?” conservative author and commentator William F. Buckley Jr. ’50 noted his generation’s fear of selfassertion, attributing it to deference towards authority. In an age of technology and centralized political power, Buckley argued, Americans were unaccustomed to dealing with their own problems, and preferred to let other, presumably more powerful people resolve their issues.

Buckley viewed the American inability to complain as indicative of broader political passivity.

The growth of bureaucracy and large corporations was subordinating the individual to the organization, a self-perpetuating process that diminished personal agency. “From this alienation of personal power comes the sense of resignation with which we accept the political dispensations of a powerful government whose hold upon us continues to increase,” he argued.

David Brooks dubbed the politically passive, deferent citizen the “Organization Man.” In the early to mid-20th century, people operated within large organizations. Most men did military service, the government carried out large-scale infrastructure projects and many Americans worked for large manufacturing companies. Now, Brooks tells us, “Nobody wants to be an Organization Man. We like start-ups, disrupters and rebels.

Creativity is honored more than

the administrative execution.”

So what explains our continued reluctance to face authority?

In a piece for The New York Times published in December, American novelist Bret Easton Ellis wrote about the dreaded “cult of likability.” Ellis asserts that, due to our rampant use of social media and a strong push toward “inclusivity” in the political and social realms, Americans today do everything they can to avoid confrontation. We try at all times to exhibit a positive disposition, never getting angry or critical.

He explains, “Facebook [encourages] users to ‘like’ things, and because it [is] a platform where many people [brand] themselves on the social Web for the first time, the impulse [is] to follow the Facebook dictum and present an idealized portrait of their lives — a nicer, friendlier, duller self.” This emphasis on likability at all costs has made people cautious of upsetting others.

As a result, if the dining hall runs out of coffee, or there is no one at the cash register at Durfee’s, we simply accept it. Raising our voices would be too negative, too bothersome.

The cult of likability is easy to navigate: always smile; like everything on Facebook; if you disagree with somebody, keep your mouth shut. Just be nice.

This explains, on some level, the homogeneity of Yale’s political and intellectual climate. The student who fears raising a concern with Chef Chris is not likely to raise questions about a professor’s propagation of a political agenda, or the reasoning behind campus protests. Instead, we all assume bland, uncontroversial positions, hoping not to piss anyone off.

Trying to be “relatable” and likeable all the time, however, turns us into virtuous robots without fully formed personalities and opinions. Individualism cannot flourish when we avoid disagreement. As Ellis states, our attempts to fit into the culture of niceness end up “stamping out passion; stamping out the individual.”

I am not saying you should be an asshole all the time. But ignoring our negative impulses and attempting to curry favor with everyone removes an essential aspect of our agency as human beings. Individual people run this University, and indeed this world. If we fear upsetting others, we create a static, uninteresting polity that toes the line drawn by popular opinion. And we have to eat chicken with a spoon.

DANIEL TENREIRO-BRASCHI is a freshman in Ezra Stiles College.

Contact him at daniel.tenreiro-braschi@yale.edu .

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COPYRIGHT 2016 — VOL. CXXXVIII, NO. 70

'FRANK' ON 'ZHANG: THOMPSON COLLEGE, NOT CALHOUN'

“Y

ou look like one of the more uncomfortable people at this party,” I was told on New Year’s Eve by a boy I half-knew in high school. I didn’t really have a comeback for that one, and I must have looked a little hurt, because he immediately tried to play it off as a compliment. He insisted that what he meant to say was more that I was somehow above the party, rather than on its awkward periphery.

Welcome or unwelcome though his comment may have been, he was correct. The house was filled with people I thought I’d never see after high-school graduation, and once I had the five or six conversations I wanted to have, I was essentially left to my discomfort.

Which, apparently, was obvious.

I’d always felt that nobody really knew or cared what you were thinking at a party, that it was all really just movement and noise, that emotions were sort of beside the point. When I was younger, I remember being acutely aware of the feeling that immediately followed a party, the

getting home and sitting in my kitchen, e a t i n g Cheerios and staring out the window.

That quiet. It CAROLINE was in those moments, not SYDNEY with friends or on a dance Selffloor, that I decided if I absorbed had had fun, if there were any boys there whom I would want to see the following weekend, whether or not I had felt “comfortable” or “uncomfortable.” For years there seemed to be a gap between my experience of going out and the time it took to process how I felt about the ordeal. But recently, party-going itself has become an emotionally charged endeavor in a way that the girl with cereal after the eighth-grade Snow Ball would have never imagined.

A good party is one where every

time you turn around, someone you love is there to dance with you, and there is cake (or penny drinks). For the past three years, these are the places where I have had fun. Recently, though, I’ve felt something more than just fun. The right song comes on while I’m with the right configuration of friends and suddenly a smothering happiness descends with such intensity that I may as well be at my own wedding. It’s borderline outrageous to be so in love with so many people in one moment. I don’t know if in the January of my senior year, it’s a sign that the end is here and we don’t have time to feel anything but this, or that everything will be okay even once the end has passed.

But, when the highs are higher, the lows feel lower too.

Moments of true joy make it difficult to simply return to that emotionally neutral party mode, so I’ve become hyperaware of the moments spent scanning the room for an acquaintance to greet, or the one person at the

party I actually like, but just can’t find. It’s strange to stand on the sidelines without feeling compelled to force your way back through the crowd in search of some real or invented target.

It’s easy to write off both these experiences as unremarkable.

Parties are silly and frivolous and blur together. But in the past week, I’ve thought more about the rooms I’ve been in and the people who fill them, and the fact that the twain shall not meet forever. It’s all too easy to slap a “the last whatever” label on any event and make it seem significant. Yet perhaps that’s not an accident. If you want to feel something you’ll never feel again, you have to care in the first place. So I’ve dropped the veneer of detachment, because I don’t think it’s possible to be the happiest girl at one party, if I can’t also be the most uncomfortable girl at another.

CAROLINE SYDNEY is a senior in Silliman College. Her column runs on alternate Tuesdays. Contact her at caroline.sydney@yale.edu .

AYDIN AKYOL/STAFF ILLUSTRATOR

Stay for the summer T

he ebb and flow of student interest and involvement in New Haven follows a pretty predictable pattern. Every two years, a flashy aldermanic campaign grabs student interest and, for a brief period of time, focuses our collective attention on New Haven, its challenges and opportunities, its relationship with Yale and our responsibilities to the city around us. (Yalies, after all, love a good election.)

But eventually the posters come down and canvassers stop interrupting students’ afternoon naps, and the discussions about the city’s job crisis, efforts to create community centers for New Haven youth and the goal of truly connecting Yale students to the city fade into the corners of Yalies’ consciousness. These issues become relegated to the tight circles of Yale politicos and social justice activists.

We can do better than that.

It doesn’t do us any good — nor is it respectful to the city that supports our Yale experience in so many ways — for us to take a fleeting interest in New Haven for a semester, only to retreat back behind the iron gates come January for rounds of consulting interviews and beer pong.

It’s also important to recognize that student engagement in New Haven is one of those things that’s far easier said than done. First, because New Haven is originally, and often solely, presented to Yalies in a political context, it’s difficult for people

disinterested in urban politics to understand what meaningful e n ga ge m e n t in our city looks like for them.

FISH And secSTARK ond, because informaElm City tion about opportuniemphasis ties to engage in New Haven is sparse compared to information about other campus commitments (“Do you sing?” just rolls off the tongue a lot better than “Do you want to work in the city’s Office of Economic Development?”), it’s easy for Yalies to go through four years entirely unaware of the dozens of opportunities to learn about, explore and celebrate New Haven while working alongside New Haveners.

So in that spirit, here’s something simple that any Yale student can do to follow through on their obligations to New Haven, meaningfully contribute to our city’s tradition of social change and have an incredible experience: spend this summer making a contribution to New Haven.

Every year, Yale offers its students dozens of paid opportunities to spend a summer working with nonprofits and city agencies in New Haven. The President’s Public Service Fellowship, which

accepts applications through next Monday, is the largest of these, but there are others — the Ulysses S. Grant program, which offers Yalies opportunities to design their own summer courses and teach gifted students from New Haven Public Schools, the Courture Fellowship and the Dwight Hall Summer Fellowship are among the others.

Because many New Haven nonprofits often have large workloads and small staffs, you won’t spend your summer in a cubicle stapling papers — you might develop programming for a new teen center in Dixwell for the city’s Youth Department, you might identify additional locations to offer mental health services to new mothers for a community health organization, you might help the city administer a $1,000,000 grant to revitalize the struggling Newhallville neighborhood — these are all organizations looking to welcome Yale interns for the summer.

And when you’re not working, you’ll have a chance to explore New Haven’s patchwork of parks and restaurants, take in the oneof-a-kind International Arts and Ideas Festival on the New Haven Green in June or watch the 4th of July fireworks from the base of East Rock — all while enjoying the company of the hundreds of Yalies who are in town working, taking classes and doing research over the summer.

The deeper, more engaged ser-

vice that results from a sustained commitment with an existing community organization — working with New Haveners instead of for them — is what makes us feel like citizens instead of four-year tourists, and helps build real understanding and trust between Yalies and New Haveners.

I had the privilege of spending the summer of 2014 teaching middle- and high-school social studies at Squash Haven, and the past summer teaching preschool at the Calvin Hill Day Care Center. At first I worried that the New Haveners I was working with and learning from would look at me as a privileged outsider — but instead, I found welcoming and supportive people who became trusted mentors and friends. At first I worried that I was going to feel lost living on my own in my first real summer away from home — but by the end of the summer I realized that New Haven had become my home as well. At first I worried that I was making the wrong choice, with a finite number of summers to explore different places and challenges — but I now look back on these decisions as the best choices I have made at Yale.

Spend a summer in New Haven — you won’t regret it.

FISH STARK is a junior in Jonathan Edwards College. His column runs on alternate Tuesdays. Contact him at fortney.stark@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 26, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 3

NEWS

“No one is asking what happened to all the homeless. No one cares, because it’s easier to get on the subway and not be accosted.”

RICHARD LINKLATER AMERICAN DIRECTOR

CORRECTIONS FRIDAY, JAN. 22

The article “Getting in shape for the New Year” inaccurately described the media used in several of Karen Schiff’s works of art.

City officials revisit Hill development plans

State tallies homeless population

BY REBECCA KARABUS STAFF REPORTER The Connecticut Coalition to End Homelessness, a statewide homelessness prevention group, will be counting the number of Connecticut’s homeless Tuesday evening.

Columbus House, an independent New Haven-based nonprofit affiliated with CCEH, and United Way of Greater New Haven, a socialjustice nonprofit, are administering the survey — entitled a Point-in-Time Count — in Greater New Haven. Both organizations recruited volunteers to canvass the streets of New Haven in order to survey sheltered and unsheltered individuals who identify as homeless in the city and surrounding region.

“The Point-in-Time Count helps us find out how many people are homeless, either sheltered or unsheltered, at the time of the count,” Regional PIT Co-Chairwoman Lisbette De La Cruz said.

“Obviously we’re not going to capture everyone, but it helps us know who’s out there and the demographic.”

De La Cruz said around 100 volunteers will be canvassing New Haven streets, including 20 paid Columbus House staff members who will serve as team leaders. CCEH provides its member organizations, such as Columbus House, with maps covering around three or four blocks they must canvass. De La Cruz said her 100-member contingent will be canvassing 38 of these maps tonight.

Jackie Janosko, a PIT organizer who works with CCEH, said the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development mandates that each Continuum of Care — a regional or local planning organization that coordinates housing and services funding for homeless families — counts sheltered and unsheltered homeless individuals to estimate how many people could potentially be homeless at any given time in any region.

She added that the count occurs on a single night during the last 10 days of January so that the numbers reflect individuals who cannot find housing when it is coldest outside,

suggesting that they are the most in need.

Many PIT organizers expressed hope that this year’s numbers will be lower than last year’s, indicating that state and local efforts have been effective in reducing chronic homelessness — longterm homelessness lasting at least one year, particularly among those with physical or mental disabilities. 2015 PIT results showed that overall homelessness in Connecticut had decreased by 10 percent from 2013.

Janosko noted that while New Haven has rates of homelessness comparable to other Connecticut cities such as Bridgeport and Hartford, last year’s PIT count saw the lowest number of unsheltered individuals statewide since the reports began.

“I’m cautiously optimistic we’ll see a decline again this year given all the efforts we’ve put out throughout the state,” Janosko said. “I suspect we’ll see the numbers continue to move downward.”

She added that 2015 also saw the lowest number of homeless veterans and chron-

ically homeless individuals in PIT history.

Meredith Damboise, cochair of the data and evaluation subcommittee of regional homelessness advocacy committee Greater New Haven Opening Doors, said Elm City affiliates have collaborated particularly well, which will hopefully be conveyed in this year’s results.

“A lot of providers came together and took group ownership over the Greater New Haven homeless population,” Damboise said.

Yale Hunger and Homelessness Action Project Co-Coordinator Aaron Troncoso ’17 said he thinks the PIT count is valuable as a metric for measuring local and national progress in combating and eradicating homelessness. He added that Yale students have volunteered in the past, and YHHAP will be sending a contingent to canvass tonight.

On Feb. 18, 2015, New Haven counted 567 people experiencing homelessness, including 111 children.

Contact REBECCA KARABUS at rebecca.karabus@yale.edu .

YYGS launches Arab leadership awards POOJA SALHOLTRA/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The availability of affordable housing has grown in salience given the Downtown’s new high-end apartment complexes.

BY NOAH DAPONTE-SMITH STAFF REPORTER In early December, a negative vote from the Board of Alders put an ambitious set of plans to transform The Hill on ice. But on Monday night, a group of alders and community leaders met in City Hall to see if the plans might have life after all.

Chaired by former Hill Alder Jorge Perez, who has lived in the neighborhood for decades, the meeting of the Hill-to-Downtown steering committee began to set the groundwork for New Haven’s approach to development in The Hill. The group — composed of alders, city development officials and representatives from The Hill’s two community management teams — presented concerns about community involvement and access to affordable housing while emphasizing the need to restart The Hill’s aborted development plans.

“Like any other family or any other committee, we might not always agree, but we should always keep an open mind and start from the place that everyone on the committee has: the interests of the city and the interests of residents,” West River Alder and Board President Tyisha Walker, a member of the committee, said at Monday’s meeting.

The steering committee presents a second attempt at getting Hill development approved by local government. Developer Randy Salvatore, who hopes to build 140 apartments and 120,000 square feet of research space in the northern Hill, presented his proposal to the alders’ Community Development and Legislation committees last month. But the committees voted down his proposal, claiming he did not sufficiently consult with community members and the steering committee.

Perez said the steering committee will meet with Salvatore at some point in the future, acting as an intermediary between the developer and the community.

But first, he said, the committee needs to determine what they plan on discussing with him. Topics like affordable housing and community benefits are likely to be on the docket.

Ensuring the availability of affordable housing — a newly salient issue given the high-end apartment complexes that have sprung up around downtown in recent months — is particularly important for Dawn Bliesener, a Hill resident who recently moved into the neighborhood from the Naugatuck Valley, a desire she

voiced at the meeting.

“It’s very, very important to me that we establish realistic affordable housing — not $2,700 a month for a two-bedroom apartment,” she said at the meeting. “And it’s very important that this be for working-class people, not run by a nonprofit and not Section 8.”

Perez said the committee will, in its future meetings, discuss “workforce housing,” developments aimed at those making roughly $35,000 a year. He added that the committee will look into the possibility of making large units — not just one-bedrooms and studios — available in any of these new apartment complexes.

Perez, who left the Board of Alders last March to become the state banking commissioner, said the city may be able to receive state subsidies for private affordable housing developments.

Serena Neal-Sanjurjo, executive director of the Livable City Initiative, said plans for affordable housing in The Hill have been put forward and will be considered by the committee.

“Hopefully every proposal that comes before this committee will have some component that helps people who can’t afford to pay $3,000 a month in rent — or even more in some parts of the city,” she said Monday.

Hill Alder Dolores Colon ’91 asked meeting attendees if sidewalks in a potential new development would be safe and accessible for all residents, including those with disabilities. Karyn Gilvarg, executive director of the New Haven City Plan Department, said the width of sidewalks — which is regulated by a series of local, state and federal statutes — will likely be an issue the committee will discuss at a future meeting.

Walker said the ultimate role of the committee is to act as a conduit between the three parties involved in any potential development in The Hill: residents, developers and city officials. Perez said development should be a “win-win” for all parties, adding that the committee should help to facilitate a positive solution.

“Developers like to know what the rules are when they go into a deal,” he said. “Same as us; we’re all human. We should come up with basic principles and when we need to, we can clarify it.”

The steering committee’s next meeting is scheduled for next Tuesday. Perez said he expects the committee will meet regularly throughout the next month.

Contact NOAH DAPONTE-SMITH at noah.daponte-smith@yale.edu .

WA LIU/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

Yale Young Global Scholars is working to attract more Middle Eastern students to its program.

BY JON VICTOR STAFF REPORTER The Yale Young Global Scholars Program, a two-week summer enrichment program for high school students, will now be offering new Arab Student Leadership Awards in an effort to recruit more talented students from the region.

Yale will give out 10 scholarships this spring that cover the program’s total cost — including tuition, which is $5,500 — and roundtrip airfare. The awards are issued in addition to YYGS’ need-based financial aid packages, which provide students with aid up to the full cost of tuition. The new awards are part of an increased focus on attracting students from the Middle East, said Erin Schutte Wadzinski ’12, the program’s director.

“The Middle East is experiencing an unprecedented

‘youth bulge,’ with over 30 percent of its population between the ages 15 and 29,” Schutte Wadzinski said. “YYGS’ Arab Student Leadership Award seeks students from the region who have the skills, ideas and determination to be the region’s next generation of leaders.”

YYGS, run through Yale’s Office of International Affairs, was founded over a decade ago under the name Ivy Scholars. The University changed the name in 2012 to reflect an increased commitment to educating large numbers of international students, according to the program’s website. In the summer of 2015, half of all participants in YYGS were international students and represented 92 countries worldwide.

Though the Arab Student Leadership Awards will be given for the first time this year, Schutte Wadzinski said

this is the only existing scholarship of its type for YYGS: There are no such awards for students from other regions of the world. To be eligible for the award, students must be citizens of an Arab League country and attend school in the region.

Ted Wittenstein ’04 LAW ’12, the program’s executive director, said in a January press release that many former participants in YYGS were from the Middle East.

“With these Arab Student Leadership Awards, YYGS will continue to attract the best and brightest high school students from this critical region to the Yale campus, regardless of their ability to afford this wonderful opportunity,” Wittenstein said.

But Victoria Marks ’18, who was an instructor for the program this past summer, said that overall, students from the Middle East are less repre-

sented in YYGS than students from other parts of the world.

Marks also said that geographic diversity is an extremely important part of the YYGS experience, and that these scholarships will help improve this aspect of the program.

“While the academics are rigorous and a developmental aspect of the program,” she said, “the community is what makes the program truly special and unique. Students represent a host of different countries, all bringing different perspectives to the table. I think it truly helps the students grow as both people and thinkers.”

For summer 2015, YYGS admitted about 27 percent of total applicants to its three sessions.

Contact JON VICTOR at jon.victor@yale.edu .

PAGE 4

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 26, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT Record number of applications APPLICATIONS FROM PAGE 1 “The goal is not to get more applications, but we’re always happy to see such strong interest in Yale College,” Quinlan said. “It’s more important to have the right 30,000 applications than to get more than 30,000, and I think there was some really positive growth in the applicant pool.”

Quinlan also noted that long-term trends in application data are more important than minor fluctuations from year to year. This year’s application numbers represent a 49 percent increase from the 21,101 applications Yale received for the class of 2009, he said. Quinlan attributed the massive increase to greater mobility of top secondary school students and technological changes to the admissions process, like more widespread use of the online Common Application.

Quinlan added that a goal for next year will be to continue raising awareness of Yale’s affordability among prospective students.

In addition to the overall increase in the regular applicant pool, the University also saw a 10 percent increase in applications from students identifying as AfricanAmerican. Quinlan declined to specify the total number of applicants of that cohort, as it has traditionally been the University’s policy not to release that information.

The rise in applications from African-Americans is part of a long-standing trend of increasing minority student interest in Yale. Since 2013, the number of applications from African-American students has increased by 36 percent. For students who identify as members of a minority racial or ethnic group, that number has increased 18 percent in the same period. By comparison, the total number of applications from high school students in the United States has risen by 5 percent.

But Director of Outreach and Recruitment Mark Dunn ’07 said it is impossible to attribute an increase in applications — either overall or from a specific group — to one particular outreach strategy. However, he said the increasing diversity of the applicant pool aligns with Yale’s outreach philosophy, which focuses on reaching communities where students have not typically considered schools like Yale. Efforts to increase the diversity of the applicant pool include the Yale Ambassadors program, which sends current students to high schools to speak with standout students from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds, and the Multicultural Open House, which invites students and their families to campus to learn about Yale’s academic and

cultural offerings.

“One of the most important messages we share is that Yale’s close-knit and supportive communities are strengthened by their diversity,” Dunn said. “And more than anything, I think, it is these communities that draw prospective students to Yale.”

Despite a turbulent fall semester which saw campus demonstrations over complaints of a hostile racial atmosphere at Yale, students interviewed said they were not surprised to hear of the large increase in applications from African-Americans, as well as overall.

“I think that students of color and students who are on the liberal side of the spectrum saw the inherent problems on campus and the demonstrations that students at Yale underwent and saw it as a sign that Yale was a place that encouraged student activism and that students were proactive about creating an environment where they could thrive and feel at home,” said Isaac Scobey-Thal ’19.

Sam Bowers ’18 agreed that the turmoil would actually be positive for Yale. He said the dialogue on campus was a sign that there is work in progress to make the campus more welcoming and that there is an opportunity for students to make a difference by bringing about that change themselves.

Scobey-Thal added that the steps taken by University President Peter Salovey to address the situation — which included increased funding to the cultural centers, increased mental health resources for students of color and reforms to financial aid — likely made the University even more attractive for minority applicants.

“What happened in the fall exposed issues on campus, but it also showed that we had a student body who was willing to fight for what they believed in,” Ree Ree Li ’16 said.

Li added that increased administrative support for ethnic studies courses and the promulgation of “teachins” — educational events where students can learn about issues related to race and ethnicity — could have contributed to a more favorable view of Yale.

The University of Pennsylvania also received a record number of applications for its class of 2020, up 4 percent since last year to 38,792. Other Ivy League schools have not yet made their application data publicly available.

Admissions decisions for the Yale class of 2020 will be released on March 31 along with those from the other Ivy League schools.

Contact JON VICTOR at jon.victor@yale.edu .

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“Mental health needs a great deal of attention. It’s the final taboo and it needs to be faced and dealt with.” ADAM ANT BRITISH MUSICIAN

Mental health reform extends past cultural centers MENTAL HEALTH FROM PAGE 1 students of color who highlighted the issue during the fall semester,” Dean of Student Engagement Burgwell Howard told the News.

“Together we are considering ideas such as whether it may be useful to have counselors and clinicians connected with each cultural center, similar to the Mental Health Fellows that are already connected with each residential college.”

But Howard also emphasized that the administration’s priority is making MH&C services more accessible and less constrained by the administrative red tape many students have criticized.

While the administration wants to provide support and education to the Yale community, it also does not want to create redundancies or further complicate the existing system, he added.

Strains on the system — which students have often called under-

staffed and overwhelmed — may have become especially apparent last semester, after weeks of turbulent events surrounding racial justice: In his email, Genecin noted that there has been an increase in demand for mental health services as compared to the same time period last year.

But he also noted that MH&C had added 2.5 full-time-equivalent positions in the fall semester.

Both Howard and Genecin also emphasized that while the

IRENE JIANG/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR

No mental health professionals have yet been permanently stationed at the cultural centers yet.

ELIZABETH MILES/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Administrators have emphasized the importance of broad reform for mental health resources.

administration recognizes that students may be more comfortable seeing clinicians of their own race or ethnicity, the entire MH&C staff is receiving multicultural sensitivity training and is capable of understanding issues unique to each cultural group. Currently, approximately 20 percent of the 27 clinicians at MH&C identify as ethnic or racial minorities.

“I think that some students mistakenly assume that if a counselor does not share their particular cultural or social identities, that they may not be able to be effectively helped by someone at Mental Health and Counseling,” Howard said. “However, the staff dedicate a great deal of effort and professional development time to learning about history, conditions and approaches for working with different groups — as Yale attracts a widely diverse student body to campus, and they are committed to providing support.”

Similarly, Genecin wrote in his email that an “atmosphere of inclusion and the appreciation of diversity” are “core values” within MH&C. Beyond these general updates, the specifics of the collaboration between MH&C and the cultural centers remain unclear. While a few of the cultural centers hosted mental health professionals last semester, currently no clinicians are permanently stationed at the centers, according to Af-Am House Director Risë Nelson and NACC Director Kelly Fayard.

More concrete details have not been released.

“Our center does not have any mental health counselors or staffing,” Nelson said. “But I look forward to working with Dr. Blue and various university and local mental health resources on making offerings even more accessible to the center’s constituents.”

Blue and MH&C Director Lorraine Siggins did not return requests for comment about the timeline of implementation for mental health resources at each cultural center.

Still, students interviewed, both in the midst of the campus protests and this week, stressed the importance of mental health reforms specific to students of color, not just to MH&C beneficiaries in general. In particular, they highlighted the need for more mental health professionals of color.

“I don’t think having a nonNative counselor who has gone through trainings would be any more helpful than a counselor who has not gone through training, because the cultures we are raised in have very different reactions to mental health,” NACC Peer Liaison Katie McCleary ’18 said Monday evening. “Having a Native person as a mental health professional is extremely vital to helping Native students.. Someone who is just trained to be culturally sensitive wouldn’t have that background and wouldn’t be able to help us in a way we need.”

The program budgets for the cultural centers will also double in the next academic year, according to Salovey’s announced changes.

Contact MONICA WANG at monica.wang@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 26, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 5

NEWS

“If quantum mechanics hasn’t profoundly shocked you, you haven’t understood it yet.” NIELS BOHR DANISH PHYSICIST

New chip unlocks computer potential

Food hall, hookah to Church St.

BY JIAHUI HU STAFF REPORTER

COURTESY OF HONG TANG

The ultimate goal of the project is to create a powerful and efficient, yet scalable quantum computer.

BY MAYA CHANDRA STAFF REPORTER The Yale Tang lab released a design for a new silicon chip on Thursday meant to revolutionize quantum information processing, with the aim of making an overall better computer.

The hardware necessary to create a powerful and scalable quantum computer has not yet caught up with the theory behind it, according to professor of electrical engineering, physics and applied physics Hong Tang, head of the Tang lab and paper co-author. To address this problem, Tang’s lab at Yale created a silicon chip that integrates the two key functions of a quantum information processor: the ability to detect photons and the ability to manipulate them. The project took about four years to complete “This technology has the potential to make many important problems much faster to solve,” said Carsten Schuck, lead author of the paper. “Applications include everything from searching unsorted databases [and] cracking cryptographic codes to simulating complex chemical equations in order to design new drugs.”

This potential increased speed comes from the way quantum computers make use of quantum systems. According to Schuck, in a traditional computer, there are bits of information represented in the code of the computer as zeros and ones. One component of the computer, called a transistor, is either on or off, which indicates either a zero or a one.

In a quantum system, such as a single photon or atom, there can be a zero or a one, or there can also be a super-

position— a principle, arising from the Schrodinger theory, that information is simultaneously represented in all possible states. Consequently, the information could be represented as zero and one at the same time. Instead of calculating the outcome of the program based on whether a zero or a one were in that position, the system can calculate both potential outcomes simultaneously, because the quantum system can be in both states at the same time, Schuck said.

“The efficiency and the speed can be increased dramatically, compared to the classical computer,” Tang said.

“Just like how using those classical computers is far faster than working on an abacus.”

In its current form, the chip can perform two simultaneous functions, manipulating photons in order to carry out calculations and using photon detectors to measure the results, co-author Xiang Guo GRD ’18 said.

The chip is tiny and therefore easy to scale up in size.

According to Tang, scalability is crucial because in order for the technology to be widely accessible, complex systems must be manufacturable. Just as classical computers used to take up entire rooms of space, modern-day quantum computers are bulky and not easily accessible, Guo said. Since the chip is very compatible with nanofabrication — the design and manufacture of devices in the dimensions of nanometers — it is easier to scale up so that more complex calculations can be computed.

The silicon chip was inspired by the chip technology used by technology companies including Samsung

and IBM, which have a massive number of applications, Schuck said. By proving that a single circuit performing quantum processing could successfully be put onto a similar chip, the group has shown that it will become much more feasible to write thousands more circuits carrying out more complex calculations and add them to the existing technology.

The ultimate goal of the project is to create a powerful and efficient yet scalable quantum computer. That goal is well within reach thanks to the team’s success of creating a small silicon chip that does the work of much larger and more inefficient devices, co-author paper and Nanjing University professor Xiaosong Ma said.

“We used advanced nanofabrication techniques to shrink down the element to a micrometer, or even nanometer scale,” Ma said. “One day, we hope that there can be hundreds, or even thousands, of elements on a small chip.”

The nanofabrication facilities at Yale made it possible for the group to complete this project before other researchers, Schuck said. Given that the project is ongoing, authors agreed that there will likely be future developments to this technology in the next few years. There are key components that they plan to add to future iterations of the chip and they hope a working quantum computer will arise from this research, Tang said.

The Schrodinger theory was proposed by the Austrian physicist Erwin Schrodinger in the year 1935.

Contact MAYA CHANDRA at maya.chandra@yale.edu .

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The aromas of Lebanese cuisine, buffalo wings and pizza will waft through the first floor as hookah smoke drifts through the second in a new venue opening on Church Street in late May. Co-owners of the venue, which has not yet been named, Hosam Afifi and Charbel Eid signed a lease early last week for the twostory space at 27-33 Church St. On the roughly 7,500-squarefoot first floor, they plan to create an indoor food hall — an open space housing a variety of vendors — with offerings including wings, fast casual Lebanese fare and coffee. Wanting to incorporate their experience running a Bridgeport franchise of Wing it On!, Eid and Afifi sought to sell buffalo wings alongside ethnic Lebanese cuisine. The smaller second floor will be home to a “high-end and contemporary” hookah lounge that Eid hopes will be brighter and cleaner than many others.

“We’re hoping to do something nice and something that does not exist already,” Eid said. “We want the hookah lounge to be very nice, high-end and comfortable so that you can come with your family.”

Due to Connecticut state law regulating vapor sales, the hookah lounge will be open only to registered members who have proven they are older than 18, said James Perito, Afifi and Eid’s attorney. He added that Eid and Afifi will not seek a liquor license.

The project began six months ago when Eid and Afifi approached several city departments to discuss the possibility of opening a restaurant serving dine-in and fast-casual Lebanese food. After reviewing building codes with city officials and seeing the boom of food halls in New York City, the two settled on their current plans.

The venue’s Mediterranean

KEVIN BENDESKY/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The new food hall and hookah bar will become the second venue to offer a hookah lounge in downtown New Haven. offerings will add to the many establishments serving similar cuisine in downtown New Haven.

Pitaziki, Istanbul Cafe and Mediterranea are all located within a few blocks of the incoming venue. But the hookah lounge will be only the second in downtown New Haven. Mediterranea — both a restaurant and hookah lounge — opened in 1999.

Mediterranea owner Omar Rajeh said hookah became a popular trend in New Haven in the early 2000s. But traffic to his hookah lounge has since slowed because many smokers have bought their own apparatuses, Rajeh said.

Like Mediterranea, the new venue will offer traditional tobacco-based hookah, unlike new electronic hookah that is

popular among people who use vaporizers, said David Barton, owner of The Glass Cloud — a hookah bar on 819 Chapel St. that offers only electronic hookah. The two different types target two different crowds, Barton said.

“I’m definitely out of the equation,” Barton said regarding the new venue’s hookah market.

“This is a vape lounge. I have six hookah rentals that have electronic hookah tops to them. It is really just tailored to the niche of the vape industry to people who really want to vape through a hookah.”

Construction will begin in February, aiming to open in late May, Eid said.

Contact JIAHUI HU at jiahui.hu@yale.edu .

PAGE 6

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 26, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT

“The use of solar energy has not been opened up because the oil industry does not own the sun.” RALPH NADER AMERICAN POLITICAL ACTIVIST

Dwight Hall group submits resolution to Exxon EXXON FROM PAGE 1 bers said they expect they will — Yale may come face to face with its own investment rules, which have recommended since 1972 that the University divest from companies where shareholder engagement no longer works.

Exxon also has the power to prevent a resolution from even getting to a vote in the first place.

“Exxon is under a lot of fire … because of misinformation that they have actively disseminated,” said Daniel Tenreiro-Braschi ’19, a Dwight Hall SRI member. “It’s kind of an opportune moment for the company to look at itself.”

Before the resolution faces a vote in May, it must first be made legitimate by the Securities and Exchange Commission, a federal agency that oversees national stocks. All shareholders in a company would vote on such a resolution, with the number of votes relative to the size of a shareholder’s stock. When the resolution finally goes to a vote, Dwight Hall SRI members said they expect Yale to vote in favor of Exxon disclosing its lobbying expenditure.

Jonathan Macey, chair of Yale’s Advisory Committee on Investor Responsibility, said in a statement Sunday that the ACIR is committed to voting for resolutions that are consistent with the reality of climate change. Macey added that he would encourage the ACIR to support Dwight Hall’s shareholder proposal, if Exxon allows a vote to move through.

When a similar resolution requesting lobbying disclosures was filed with Exxon by another

group of shareholders last year, it failed to pass. SRI member Gabe Rissman ’17 said that if the current Dwight Hall SRI resolution fails to pass, even despite a potential affirmative vote from Yale, Fossil Free Yale would have more leverage when arguing for Yale to divest.

“If Yale votes its shares and then the measure fails, that … kind of proves [Yale] wrong and gives weight to the divestment argument,” said Russell Heller ’19, a member of the SRI fund. “It’s not super likely that it’s actually going to pass. [Yale is] going to have to revisit their entire ethical guidelines.”

Those guidelines were first outlined more than four decades ago in “The Ethical Investor,” a manual that sketches the “ethical, economic and legal implications” of Yale’s investments. An excerpt from “The Ethical Investor” states that the University will sell its stock in a company if it is unlikely that shareholder engagement will successfully improve a company’s activity. Put simply, the document requires that if shareholder engagement with a company fails, Yale must divest from that company.

Heller drew a distinction between the respective approaches of FFY and the Dwight Hall SRI Fund in pushing for divestment. While both student organizations share the same ultimate goals of climatefriendly investment, Heller said the SRI fund is approaching divestment through more legislative methods, going through the bureaucracy rather than demanding that the University

TIMELINE SUBMITTING A SHAREHOLDER RESOLUTION

1

Exxon discloses expenditures

4

5

3

Lack of shareholder engagement raises questions about Yale’s investment practice Exxon approves resolution

RESOLUTION FAILS TO PASS SAMUEL WANG/PRODUCTION & DESIGN EDITOR

immediately divest.

The Dwight Hall SRI Fund cofiled the resolution in December 2015, and waited until Sunday to publicly announce the filing, Tenreiro-Braschi said.

Exxon has been embroiled in recent months in scandals uncovered by The Los Angeles Times, the Columbia Journalism School and InsideClimate News.

The news organizations found that Exxon may have intentionally obstructed government

NOAH DAPONTE-SMITH/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Seven members of CAANH met with Murphy during his visit to New Haven Monday.

the Connecticut Energy Assistance Program, which helps low-income individuals pay for heat. Murphy’s visit followed a report released last December by Operation Fuel, a private charity that partners with Connecticut businesses, local governments and communities to expand access to year-round energy assistance.

The report showed that 313,000 households out of roughly 1.3 million in Connecticut cannot afford their energy bills this winter. According to Murphy, over 100,000 people in Connecticut already use low-income heating assistance programs this year, and that number is rising.

“We’ve known for a long time that there are people in Connecticut and across the country that are freezing in the winter because of inadequate access to affordable heat,” Murphy said. “It is not hyperbole to say that this is a matter of life and death.”

Murphy explained that the federal funding Connecticut now receives is “simply not enough” to meet the needs of Connecticut residents who cannot afford heating. Several years ago, roughly 60 to 70 percent of the cost of low-income individuals’ heating bills was covered by the federal Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program, Murphy said. But because the number of people requiring assistance is increasing, the program’s federal budget of $3.3 billion is spread so thin that it can not cover more than 50 percent of an individual’s heating bills, he added.

According to Murphy, the majority of people receiving assistance are seniors, people with disabilities and families with young children. He added that although many are working, they cannot afford their winter bills on minimum wage jobs.

Dwight Hall Sustainable Investment Fund files shareholder resolution (Dec. 2015)

RESOLUTION PASSES All Exxon Shareholders (including Yale) vote on Resolution

2

Senator Murphy visits the Elm City

MURPHY FROM PAGE 1

Resolution asks that ExxonMobile report all undisclosed lobbying expenditures

New Haven resident Jasmine Sullivan, a mother of three who has been relying on CAANH for more than five years, attended Monday’s event. She said the gas companies will shut off the heating for those who cannot pay. At the meeting she told Murphy that two years ago, she and her two young children — aged four and 10 — went two months without heating. “[CAANH] helps. It keeps us out of the cold,” she said. “I have begged and pleaded [to the gas company] plenty of times. It’s a terrible feeling, especially when you can’t do anything about it.”

After speaking with New Haven residents who use state assistance, Murphy said he would use their stories to muster support for more funding in Congress, particularly from representatives from warmer states who may not understand the importance of these programs.

Sullivan said when she goes to CAANH with notices from her gas company, the organization helps immediately. With its support, she still pays more than half of the bill on her own.

Amos Smith, president and CEO of CAANH, spoke about the importance of the program for individuals who have previously been incarcerated, as incarceration records make it difficult for people to find jobs that pay enough to cover heating costs. The city’s re-entry initiative aims to help individuals recently released from prison who have found employment, according to Smith.

In 2013, roughly 10 percent of the Connecticut population lived below the poverty level, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Contact SARA TABIN at sara.tabin@yale.edu .

efforts to fight climate change.

Exxon is also now being investigated by the state attorneys of both New York and California for lying to its shareholders.

Furthermore, the Dwight Hall SRI announcement claimed that Exxon is a member of several organizations known to obstruct climate policy efforts, including the American Petroleum Institute and the National Association of Manufacturers.

Heller said Exxon lobbies

offer to “settle” the case without putting it to a vote, but Heller said his fellow members at Dwight Hall will stand firm and refuse to compromise.

“We’re talking with them and waiting,” Heller said.

Founded in 1886, Dwight Hall is a nonprofit umbrella organization comprised of 90 member groups.

through many trade organizations, but that much of this lobbying is hidden from the public eye.

“It’s very unclear as to how much money they give,” Heller said. “Legally they’re allowed to lobby, but the way they do it is behind closed doors.”

Before Exxon shareholders vote on the resolution, Heller said Dwight Hall SRI members will talk over the phone with Exxon officials. Exxon is expected to

Contact FINNEGAN SCHICK at christopher.schick@yale.edu .

Underrepresented groups critique GESO GESO FROM PAGE 1 Committee, the group’s leadership, met to discuss the open letter.

In an interview with the News, GESO Chairman Aaron Greenberg GRD ’18 expressed concern about the letter’s contents, and GESO members interviewed maintained that the organization is a positive space that welcomes debate and discussion surrounding graduate student issues, including those of underrepresented groups.

The open letter contains nine specific grievances against GESO, including its aggressive recruiting and canvassing tactics and its “hierarchical and opaque” structure. The letter accuses GESO members of following students to their homes and using “physical force” to continue conversations, while also claiming that GESO members gossip about specific individuals and use personal information for manipulative purposes.

While these aggressions have been singled out by both allies and opponents of GESO before, the letter claims that they are particularly “violent” and “oppressive” when used against underrepresented groups, as they already face unique challenges at Yale.

“This University is a space where our bodies were not meant to be … [and] where we are still fighting to claim physical space, stability and safety for ourselves and our work,” the letter continues. “GESO must acknowledge the particular violence it reinscribes when it refuses to support our need to walk, work and rest in our community without further harassment.”

According to the letter, GESO relies financially on UNITE HERE, a coordinating group for both of Yale’s unions, Locals 34 and 35. The letter acknowledged that much of GESO’s leadership is made up of UNITE HERE employ-

ees, and recommended that GESO take steps to become more autonomous.

The letter also criticized GESO members’ assumptions about the political commitments of underrepresented graduate students, comparing their generalizations to overtly racist acts, such as blackface and misogynist and transphobic costumes.

Forty-nine of 51 signatories contacted either declined to or could not be reached for comment. Anusha Alles GRD ’18 emphasized that while the concerns raised by the letter are serious, the letter was written “fully in solidarity with the union … in hopes of strengthening the union.”

GESO members said they will release an official statement Tuesday.

“We’re very concerned about the letter and its contents, and take it very seriously,” Greenberg said. “We appreciate and value the voices of all our members.”

GESO Co-Chairwoman Robin Canavan GRD ’18 said women, people of color and LGBTQ students make up 80 percent of the GESO Coordinating Committee. Canavan, who is a woman studying in the sciences, said a union provides graduate students with a space to discuss issues of race, gender and marginalization at Yale.

“I know how difficult and isolating it can feel to be on the margins here at Yale,” Canavan said. “I think one of the things that makes [GESO’s] campaign special here is that there is so much debate and discussion.”

GESO member Charles Decker GRD ’17, who is one of 30 black male graduate students at Yale, said he has felt empowered by GESO while fighting to improve mental health care and increase funding at the graduate school.

“I take very seriously the pain expressed by the letter,” Decker said.

“That’s why I’ve spent so much time and energy to build a more just and democratic union, just as I’ve spent time and energy to build a more just and democratic University.”

While GESO claims to have the backing of two-thirds of Yale’s graduate students, the organization has often been criticized for aggressive canvassing tactics. Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences Tamar Gendler has told the News in the past that a number of Yale graduate students have reported to the administration instances of intimidation from union organizers.

Dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Lynn Cooley said she was aware of the open letter and is “deeply concerned” that graduate students have continued to report experiences of intimidation from union organizers. Although Cooley did not say whether the grievances lodged in the letter to GESO are direct violations of University policy, she emphasized that by coming to Yale graduate students implicitly affirm their commitment to a philosophy of tolerance and respect for all members of the community.

“I will be reaching out to the signatories of this letter to learn more about their concerns,” Cooley added.

Cooley went on to say that the Graduate School’s Personal Conduct Policy specifically prohibits graduate students from engaging in “coercion, harassment or intimidation of any member of the University community.”

GESO has staged four demonstrations on campus over the last 18 months calling for a vote on a graduate student union.

Contact FINNEGAN SCHICK at christopher.schick@yale.edu and VICTOR WANG at v.wang@yale.edu .

DENIZ SAIP/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

GESO and Next Yale have collaborated in the past to advocate for racial justice on campus.

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 26, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 7

Leadership takes practice.

This is a great place to start.

We’re looking for a few responsible sophomores, juniors, or seniors, willing to show summer students the ropes and keep an eye on things.

What do you get for being a YSS counselor? 10 weeks free campus room and board and free tuition on one full-credit summer course.

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Summer Session

See website for details and application requirements. summer.yale.edu | email: summer.session@yale.edu | phone: 203-432-2430

©Yale Summer Session 2016

PAGE 8

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 26, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

SPORTS

“What’s that? Ah — Playoffs? Don’t talk about — playoffs? You kidding me? Playoffs?”

JIM MORA FORMER NFL COACH

Tourney status unclear

Immediate impact

M. BASKETBALL FROM PAGE 12 and External Relations Scottie Rodgers said on Saturday evening.

Additionally, members of the Yale men’s basketball coaching staff, including Jones, did not have updated information on an Ivy League tournament. Assistant coach Matthew Kingsley noted that at this time, no one involved with the basketball program could outline when a decision would be made or announced.

Athletics administrators at other Ivy League schools also did not comment on the details of a potential tournament.

Beckett could not be reached for comment Monday.

Despite the uncertain nature of the postseason tournament, both players and coaches said the team is not thinking about a possible announcement and is instead focusing on the ongoing season.

This season, the Elis were selected as the Ivy League preseason favorite for the first time in the 31 years of the league media poll. Ivy play began two weekends ago for the Bulldogs, who currently sport an 11–5 overall record, as well as a 2–0 mark in conference action.

“I am sure the guys on the team who will be returning would be interested to hear what the plans are for the coming years, but in reality everyone is just focused on this year,” captain and guard Jack Montague ’16 said.

Forward Brandon Sherrod ’16 expressed a similar view, and said he does not think an announcement is needed now that the team has already gotten underway with its Ivy League schedule.

Although in a December interview Kingsley said he believed the team would almost unanimously welcome a conference tournament, players interviewed acknowledged potential disadvantages.

“Not having a conference tournament is one of the unique features of Ivy League basketball,” Sherrod said. “Additionally, the Ivy League prides itself on tradition.”

Montague added that a postseason tournament could also lead to upset victories that send potentially less-deserv-

KEY TO SUCCESS CHANCELLOR ’19 The offensive contributions of forward Jordan Chancellor ’19 have been a key indicator of Yale’s team success over the Bulldogs’ 20 games this season.

in 6 wins, 1 tie: in 13 losses:

goals per game assists per game

.43 .15 .71 .23 1.14 .38

points per game

SAMUEL WANG/PRODUCTION & DESIGN EDITOR

W. HOCKEY FROM PAGE 12

YALE DAILY NEWS

The Yale men’s basketball team is one of three Ivy League teams without a loss this conference season. ing teams to the NCAA Tournament, and that it would take away some of the importance of regular season games.

Currently, of the 32 Division-I men’s basketball conferences, only the Ivy League does not hold a tournament at the conclusion of its regular season, meaning the winner of the regular season gets an automatic bid to March Madness. The implementation of a postseason tournament would mean that the winner of that tournament would instead receive the berth.

Should the regular season champion not win the postseason tournament, it could potentially open up the possibility of the Ivy League earning two bids to the NCAA Tournament. One would go to the postseason champion and an “at-large” bid could potentially be offered to the regular season winner if the NCAA Selec-

tion Committee deemed the team deserving. This chance of the Ancient Eight becoming a “two-bid conference” was one benefit Yale players recognized.

Beyond the chance at two bids, a postseason tournament would guarantee that the regular season champion would earn at least a berth in the National Invitation Tournament. Although Yale earned a share of the Ivy League championship last season, it was not guaranteed an NIT bid because of the lack of a conference tournament, resulting in the Bulldogs’ absence from postseason play.

Yale shared the Ivy championship honors with Harvard in 2014–15, with the Crimson earning the automatic NCAA bid in a one-game playoff.

Contact DANIELA BRIGHENTI at daniela.brighenti@yale.edu .

Gymnastics works as unit GYMNASTICS FROM PAGE 12 good for fourth place.

Brittney Sooksengdao ’16, the reigning Ivy League beam champion, competed on three events, scoring 9.275 on the vault, 9.175 on beam and 9.150 on floor.

Floor, Yale’s final rotation, had one unsettling moment when Sloane Smith ’18 landed poorly on the first tumbling pass of her floor routine and injured her ankle. She walked off the mat on her own, but was unable to finish her routine.

“It was a little bit rattling,” Ryan said. “I wanted to comfort her, but I had to prepare for my routine. Camilla came over and tried to help me stay in the proper mindset. We took a lap around the floor and I refocused and thought what I had to do.”

Ryan went on to perform a bouncy, energetic routine, earning a 9.675 — a career-best mark on the apparatus — to finish fourth on the event. Opperman praised her mental toughness and competitive spirit, noting how far the sophomore, who fought injury all last year, has come.

After Ryan came Kiarra Alleyne ’19, a powerful tumbler who followed her 9.625-point debut on floor a week ago with a 9.725-point encore. The freshman’s routine earned her a tie for first place with Penn’s Carissa Lim. Alleyne is one of two active freshmen on the roster. With the three other members of the class of 2019 sidelined with injuries, Alleyne and allaround competitor Roxie Trachtenberg ’19 have been thrust into the spotlight early in the season.

“They’ve both been placed in very tough situations in that they have a very large role in our team,” Winkelman said. “They have remained calm and collected throughout all that, which is no small feat. I’m really proud of them for being able to do that. They came in

with a lot of fire and energy, and they’ve managed to sustain it.”

Opperman, a specialist whose highflying floor routine captured her an ECAC title a year ago, rounded out the floor rotation with a score of 9.450.

As she finished her routine, members of her team on the sideline mirrored Opperman’s choreography, shouting encouragement as they danced with her.

“A lot of people don’t realize how much of a difference that can make,” Opperman said. “Having people like Anna [Merkuryev ’18] and Kacie [Traina ’17], who have been hurt but are still conditioning and cheering for us, is huge. Keeping spirits high makes a world of difference.”

Despite the injuries affecting its depth chart, Opperman said the team has turned away from the individual nature of its sport and focused more on three team goals: never fall at a meet, earn a regional qualifying score of 193 for the season and win the Ivy Classic on Feb. 28, a meet that includes Penn.

The final goal even has a neat hashtag, Opperman explained: #14get15in16. There are 14 gymnasts on the team seeking Yale’s 15th title in the year 2016. “[The team’s injuries] might make it a little more difficult, but at the end of the day, we’re all on the same team,” Winkelman said. “We’re all striving towards our team goals, so whether you’re competing all four events or cheering your heart out on the sideline, we win as a team and we lose as a team. That’s something everyone has remembered.”

Yale moves on to host Bridgeport, New Hampshire and Southern Connecticut State in the Don Tonry Classic this weekend. The meet will begin Saturday at 1 p.m. in Lee Amphitheater.

Contact MAYA SWEEDLER at maya.sweedler@yale.edu .

ECAC Hockey) — thanks to five goals and eight assists— through the Elis’ first 20 games.

“We lost two senior centers last year, and Jordan has been able to come in, learn our systems and have a huge impact on the team,” said captain and forward Janelle Ferrara ’16. “We always expect a lot out of our freshman, and Jordan has definitely stepped up to the challenge. She is a smart, fast forward who works extremely hard and is continuously improving her game and making a difference on the ice.”

Chancellor’s impact on the team is evidenced by the fact that the Bulldogs have thrived when she has produced. In the Elis’ six wins this season, she has either notched a goal or an assist in four of them. Her strengths were particularly highlighted in her twogoal performance against Rensselaer and a two-point effort in Yale’s upset victory over No. 4 Quinnipiac.

As good as Chancellor has been this year, head coach Joakim Flygh believes she has just begun to tap into her potential.

“What makes it exciting for her in [the] future [is] she has begun to scratch the surface of what she can be as a hockey player,” Flygh said.

Chancellor is making a name for herself on the rink, but the skilled freshman very nearly played another sport in college —

lacrosse. Chancellor competed in varsity lacrosse for the first three years of her high-school career.

She helped The Blake School Bears win the state championship each of those three seasons, and she was named all-state her sophomore year.

Chancellor had long considered entering college as a lacrosse player, or as a multisport athlete. In the end, she said she chose hockey because she could not picture her life without it.

“Making the decision to play hockey over lacrosse was hard for me because I love them both,” Chancellor said. “I found that the time commitment is just too much to play both sports at the Division-I level and when it came down to it, I decided that hockey was truly my passion. I started skating as soon as I could walk and I couldn’t imagine giving it up.”

In addition to her three lacrosse state championships, Chancellor’s high-school hockey team emerged as the best in the state in her sophomore and junior campaigns.

Having won a total of five state championships during her time in high school, Chancellor arrived in New Haven accustomed to winning. But she has taken the team’s rocky start to her first season as an Eli in stride, and she views her collegiate carrier thus far in a positive light.

“In high school I was lucky enough to be a part of traditionally very talented teams and I

think it is really cool to be on the other side of things,” said Chancellor. “Our team has the potential to be very successful and it is so rewarding to see us grow throughout the season … and even though we are not getting the results we want right now, I know that we’ll work through it. We have competed with some of the best teams in the country, which just shows the potential our team has.”

Chancellor believes there are enough games left in the season for the Bulldogs to convert some of that potential into wins. Eight of the team’s next nine games are against league competition, and thus hold additional weight in the finalization of the ECAC bracket.

Eight teams make the conference playoffs each year. Tied for ninth, the Bulldogs are currently on the outside looking in but can use these last few league games to vault into one of the prized eight slots.

“There is definitely time to turn things around,” said Chancellor.

“There are still a lot of conference games left in the season, and if we compete at the level that we have in games where we have been successful we will have no problem winning games during this last part of the season.”

Chancellor ranks third among all Ivy freshmen in points scored this season.

Contact KEVIN BENDESKY at kevin.bendesky@yale.edu .

Yale falls in Hanover TRACK & FIELD FROM PAGE 12 the sophomore to break a personal best in order to edge out a Dartmouth opponent.

After running the race in 8.32 seconds during his preliminary heat, Gomes posted a time of 8.15 seconds in the event final, narrowly besting the 8.16 time from Dartmouth’s Alec Eschholz.

“I don’t think there was any particular key to the race other than its smoothness,” Gomes said on his performance. “It was a close race and I was only focusing on competing with the people around me. That helped me keep the race clean.”

Just after the victory, Gomes joined Connor Hill ’19, Chandler Crusan ’17 and Gregory Campbell Jr. ’19 for the 4-by-400 relay, which the Yale team won with a time of 3:21.71, just 0.37 seconds ahead of a Columbia squad.

Other point scorers for Yale included Carl Mansson ’18 and Jimmy Shih ’19, who placed second and third in the long jump, respectively. Torren Peebles ‘17 also saw success, running the 200-meter dash in 22.86 seconds to place second in the field.

On the women’s side, Dana Klein ’18 placed first in the mile and set a new personal best with a time of 4:52.24.

Frances Schmiede ’17, the top finisher for Yale women’s cross country at last fall’s Ivy Heptagonal Championships, took the crown in the 1000-meter race, with a time of 2:51.24. She, along with Klein, Katherine Raphael ’18 and Meredith Rizzo ’17 then won the 4-by800 relay event.

Continuing their dominance in distance events, several Bulldogs competed in the 3000-meter race, among them Elizabeth McDonald ’16 and Kelli Reagan ’18, who snagged the top two finishes. In the middle-distance events, Shannon McDonnell ’16 narrowly missed placing first in the 500meter race, while Emma Lower ’19 also claimed second in the 800-meter run.

The fifth and final first-place result for the Eli women came in the shot put,

JACK BARRY/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Women’s middle- and long-distance runners excelled, winning four events. where Kate Simon ’17 hoisted the shot put 12.50 meters — a full 0.65 meters farther than the second-place finisher.

Yale also saw strong performances in the two 60-meter competitions, with Sydney Cureton ’16 coming in second in the dash and Mackenzie Mathews ‘16 taking third in the hurdles.

The Bulldogs now look forward to this Friday, when they travel to New York to compete against even more stout Ivy League opponents. This time, competition will come in the

form of Harvard and Princeton, both of which brought home Ivy League championships last year. The Princeton men were Ivy Heps champions in both indoor and outdoor track, while the Harvard women did the same in 2014–15.

“Racing against Ivy League schools is all about competition,” said McDonald. “These girls are the rivals we know by name and are training to beat.”

Contact SEBASTIAN KUPCHAUNIS at sebastian.kupchaunis@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 26, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 9

BULLETIN BOARD

TODAY’S FORECAST Partly sunny, with a high near 45. Calm wind becoming southwest 5 to 9 mph in the morning.

TOMORROW

THURSDAY

High of 41, low of 23.

High of 36, low of 28.

A WITCH NAMED KOKO BY CHARLES BRUBAKER

ON CAMPUS TUESDAY, JANUARY 26 4:00 PM Poynter — Sheryl WuDunn: A Path Appears: Why Should We Change the World? Sheryl WuDunn, the first AsianAmerican reporter to win a Pulitzer Prize, is a business executive, lecturer and best-selling author. Currently, she is a senior managing director with Mid-Market Securities, an investment banking boutique, helping growth companies, including those operating in the emerging markets. She also worked at The New York Times as both an executive and journalist. Timothy Dwight College (345 Temple St.).

4:30 PM Global Justice Program Work-In-Progress Workshop. The Global Justice Program workshop provides a forum for presenting work in progress on international issues and domestic issues resonating across many countries. The workshop combines normative and empirical inquiries into a wide range of topics including social justice and labor rights, global financial markets, illicit trade, migration, and rule of law. 230 Prospect St., Seminar Room, First Floor.

WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 27 12:00 PM CMES Colloquium: Women and State Religious Politics in Morocco: New Roles, New Paradigms. This talk

by Meriem El Haitami will address the mainstreaming of gender approach to Morocco’s counter-radicalization strategy, which has contributed to shaping new paradigms of female religious leadership and feminist expression. Institute for Social and Policy Studies (77 Prospect St.), A001.

7:00 PM Russia Film Series, THE MAJOR (dir. Yuri Bykov, 2013), 99 min. A gritty portrayal of police brutality and flagrant corruption, suffused with ambiguities and inspired by real-life events. Bykov, who plays the antagonist himself, has been hailed as the “next Balabanov” for his ability to bring together popular and arthouse audiences through smart, political, not-quite-genre films. Whitney Humanities Center (53 Wall St.), Aud.

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56 Italian deli sandwich 58 Navy stunt pilot 62 One with wanderlust 63 Countesses’ spouses 64 Drill sergeant’s directive ... and, literally, what the ends of 17-, 21-, 38- and 58Across can each have 66 Rhubarb unit 67 Island near Corsica 68 Masterful tennis server 69 Monica of tennis 70 Ultra-fast jets 71 Brewed beverages

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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 26, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Improved sleep can help addicts recover

BY GRACE CASTILLO STAFF REPORTER A new Yale study has shown that use of the prescription stimulant modafinil can reduce former cocaine addicts’ chances of relapsing, likely because of modafinil’s ability to improve addicts’ sleep.

Researchers studied 57 cocainedependent individuals while they were enrolled in an inpatient program and for six weeks afterwards in an outpatient setting. Study participants either received a placebo or 400 mg of modafinil — a mild stimulant drug often used to treat narcolepsy or shift-work-induced daytime fatigue. Compared to the group that received the placebo, cocaine addicts who received the 400mg of modafinil had more consecutive cocaine-free days during outpatient treatment and higher daily rates of abstinence.

The study found that these protective effects were associated with increased slow-wave sleep, which modafinil promotes, suggesting that improved slow-wave sleep can help treat addiction.

“We found that treatment with modafinil, when started during a period of inpatient treatment, promotes abstinence over the next 6 weeks,” said Peter Morgan ’92, study co-author and professor of psychiatry at the Yale School of Medicine. “We also found that the effect of modafinil is mediated, at least statistically, by its slow-wavesleep promoting effect.”

In order to study modafinil’s sleep-promoting effects on patients’ recovery outcomes, researchers measured participants sleep quality and quantity with polysomnographic sleep record-

ing, a comprehensive recording of biophysical changes during sleep.

Participants’ sleep was tested both before and after they began taking daily modafinil.

During the six weeks of outpa-

cocaine-free tests versus 26 percent.

According to the paper, this result — that daily modafinil can help keep cocaine-dependent people from relapsing by improving

medical school.

Morgan noted that sleep is “an essential body function” that has “evolved over eons to promote normal, healthy function.” The problems associated with poor sleep,

CATHERINE YANG/STAFF ILLUSTRATOR

tient treatment, researchers used urine toxicology tests to screen study participants for cocaine use.

The group that received modafinil had a higher average percentage of cocaine-free urine tests than the placebo group did: 52 percent

sleep quality — points toward targeting sleep quality to help treat addiction.

“Slow-wave sleep is related to brain recovery,” said Vahid Mohsenin, study co-author and professor of pulmonary medicine at the

including difficulties with decision making, learning and emotional regulation, could all impact someone’s ability to stop using cocaine, he added.

Up to 90 percent of cocainedependent people will relapse,

Morgan said, and long-term cocaine use creates myriad problems. Cocaine negatively affects the cardiovascular system, puts users at a higher risk of contracting HIV/ AIDS and impairs cognitive performance. Its secondary social effects can be devastating, he added.

Though there is still societal resistance to accepting addiction as a brain disease, Morgan said he thinks these views will shift as researchers develop better medications that effectively treat addiction. The National Institute on Drug Abuse now describes addiction as “a chronic relapsing disease caused by changes in the brain and characterized by uncontrollable drug-seeking no matter the consequences.” In a recent press release regarding the publication of a commentary, NIDA suggested that “the brain disease model of addiction is strongly supported by scientific evidence.”

Morgan said there will likely be future studies following their research, and that some may focus on the role of sleep in treating different kinds of addiction disorders. He noted that researchers are already finding that chronic use of other drugs leads to reductions in slow-wave sleep, similar to what is seen in cocaine dependence. It is possible that improving patients’ sleep could become a common path towards improving treatment outcomes.

According to the Drug Enforcement Administration, government agencies estimate that Americans spend roughly $65 billion on illegal drugs every year.

Contact GRACE CASTILLO at grace.castillo@yale.edu .

New understanding of autoimmune diseases

BY TRAN DANG CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Thanks to a recent Yale study, physicians may soon adopt a new method to combat rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases.

Researchers at the Yale School of Medicine have discovered a transcription factor, ICBP90, that has been shown to regulate the expression levels of MIF — a gene that has been implicated in a number of diseases, primarily autoimmune diseases and cancer. The transcription factor, a protein responsible for facilitating the production of RNA from DNA, binds to MIF’s promoter region, which helps to regulate and initiate transcription. According to the study authors, by identifying the connection between ICBP90 and MIF, researchers can develop new methods of drug treat-

ment for diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and cancer by targeting the gene in a more precise and personalized way.

“The study discovered ICBP90 and validated the fact that if you influence the expression of the transcription factor, you influence the expression of the MIF target gene,” medical school professor and senior author Richard Bucala said. Prior to the study, Bucala discovered a common genetic variation in the promoter region of MIF. The increased expression of MIF depends on how many microsatellite repeats are present in the promoter. A microsatellite is a short stretch of nucleotides, the smallest unit of DNA, Bucala said.

In the case of MIF, the microsatellite CATT is repeated five to eight times, varying in people and in different populations. An increased number of CATT repeats indicates high expression of MIF. Bucala’s team created synthetic promoter regions that had five to eight repeats or none at all. They then devised a way to identify proteins that bind to the high-repeat forms, and they were able to single out the factor ICBP90 from other

possible nuclear proteins, Bucala added.

Low expression of MIF has been shown to have benefits against certain diseases. Bucala noted that low expression of MIF confers resistance to death from malaria. Low expression also decreases susceptibility to autoimmune diseases and lessens their severity.

Consequently, MIF is a good target for drugs, Bucala explained. Currently, drug treatments attempting to block the protein coded by MIF are in phase II clinical trials. The drugs have a selective effect based on genotype and work best on patients with high levels of MIF expression, he added.

The findings of this research are a further step toward personalized medicine for treating autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, Bucala said. Now that the regulatory protein has been identified, it is possible that, instead of using biological antibodies to block the RNA or expressed protein of the MIF gene, scientists could devise small molecules that target the regulatory binding in the nucleus by the transcription factor before the gene is even transcribed, he added.

There are two potential therapeutic implications of the study, according to Maor Sauler, study co-author and medical school professor. The first will allow researchers to better understand how MIF is involved in disease, partic-

ularly in differentiating what is caused by environmental stimuli, and what is caused by the gene. The second implication is that scientists will be able to identify the MIF polymorphism in individual patients. This will help to indicate patients’ susceptibility to autoimmune diseases as well as signal which patients will respond best to anti-MIF or anti-ICBP90 therapy, Sauler added.

Medical school professor Martin Kriegel, who was not involved with the study, believes the findings of the study are significant, but said the impact in the clinical setting is still far from clear.

“I think it is a step forward, but there is still a lot of work to be done,” Kriegel said.

He emphasized that MIF is a very potent gene that has many effects, and specifically targeting ICBP90 may not have as broad an effect on the body as scientists hope.

Sauler noted that understanding the connection between MIF and ICBP90 can help establish new research on diseases related to the gene’s expression.

Both the transcription factor and the gene can be analyzed “side by side,” providing a fuller picture. He also emphasized

the benefits of personalized medicine, which the successful clinical implementation of this study can help to improve.

Personalized medicine is important in creating individually based therapies, rather than just optimizing on the general benefit of an entire population.

“I think this is how disease needs to be treated,” Sauler said. “If we think everyone is the same, then we’re going to be stuck with the same therapies and the same treatment. Only by understanding the parts of us that make us unique and individuals are we going to tailor the right therapies for the right person for the right disease.”

According to the American College of Rheumatology, rheumatoid arthritis affects more than 1.3 million United States adults.

Contact TRAN DANG at tran.dang@yale.edu .

CATHERINE YANG/STAFF ILLUSTRATOR

“My mother has rheumatoid arthritis. I don’t want to lose the ability to...walk...That’s far more important to me than a wrinkle or two.”

CHERYL LADD ACTRESS

Study links aging to pregnancy

BY NATALINA LOPEZ STAFF REPORTER Mothers may not be joking when they say their children give them gray hair.

In a recent Yale co-authored study, researchers studied five villages in southern Poland to find links between reproduction and decreased lifespan.

The study examined 112 postmenopausal females with different ranges of reproductive investment, measured by the amount of times a woman has been pregnant. The results illustrated the relationship between high fertility and high oxidative stress — the imbalance between the accumulating natural, but toxic byproducts of metabolism and the body’s inability to detoxify and repair the damage . According to the study, compared to those who had three pregnancies or less, women who underwent at least four pregnancies had 20 percent higher levels of 8-OHdG, a product of oxidative stress from DNA, and 60 percent higher levels of Cu-Zn SOD, an oxidative stress marker and a known contributor to aging.

“This is a very important finding in terms of public health,” said Grazyna Jasienska, study co-author and lead researcher and assistant professor at Jagiellonian University. “This tells us that women with a high level of reproduction investment may have need for special health programs or prevention disease programs.”

Jasienska said her motivation for the research came from an interest in combining public health and evolutionary biology. Anna Ziomkiewicz, study co-author and senior researcher at the Polish Academy of Sciences, noted that in previous studies conducted on female animals, researchers found a decrease in birds’

survival when scientists added eggs to their nests. The study authors said they wanted to understand if these trade-offs were evident in humans as well.

Ziomkiewicz explained that their study participants’ population had a high fertility rate, as they had not used contraceptives until recently. Jasienska added that there was a large diversity in childbirth numbers among study subjects, with some households having as many as 16 children.

The researchers said the next step will be to look into other populations for similar relationships. Jasienska said they are not sure if the results are universal for the female population or only present in some populations.

“We want to see if responses to childbirth differ between populations,” said Richard Bribiescas, study co-author and professor of anthropology and ecology and evolutionary biology. “We’re doing this in the tropics with a hunter-gatherer population right now, and we want to see how robust those results are.”

Ziomkiewicz said there have been experiments exploring potential treatments, such as doses of antioxidants, to reverse the effects of oxidative stress, but with “ambiguous effects” — some studies indicated decreased birth weights of babies. She added that it was best to encourage women to have a healthy lifestyle as a preventative measure for accelerated aging.

This study was supported by the Fulbright Commission, Polish National Science Centre, Polish Ministry of Sciences and Higher Education, Yale University and Salus Publica Foundation.

Contact NATALINA LOPEZ at natalina.lopez@yale.edu .

ZISHI LI/STAFF ILLUSTRATOR

Fracking fluids found to be toxic, likely

BY JAMES BARILE CONTRIBUTING REPORTER

HANNAH KAZIS-TAYLOR/CONTRIBUTING ILLUSTRATOR

A recent Yale study of 1,021 known chemicals in fracking fluids and wastewater raised alarm about the substances’ public health impacts.

While only 240 of those substances had enough epidemiological data to assess the probable health effects, a large majority of these were found to have probable reproductive or developmental toxicity, or both.

The greater threat, however, rested in unidentified chemicals, noted lead author Elise Elliott GRD ’18.

“Looking beyond hydraulic fracturing, the public should be alarmed that there are nearly 85,000 chemicals in use in industry, but the best reproductive toxicity database contains only 5,000 entries,” School of Engineering & Applied Science professor Desiree Plata said.

Researchers involved in the study highlighted the opacity of the oil and natural gas industry’s disclosure practices. Yale School of Public Health professor Nicole Deziel, a study co-author, said the full spectrum of chemicals used at private fracking sites remains unknown to the public and out of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s inventory.

Hydraulic fracturing — a method of extracting natural gas by pumping in fluids to break shale rock in earth’s crust — requires the introduction of undertested chemicals to the earth, which could end up in water sources along with heavy metals from the inner ground.

“Fracturing wastewaters are composed of fracturing fluids plus transformation products plus materials extracted from the shale horizon; it will inevitably be a very complicated mixture with lots of inter-well variability,” Plata said. Public health toxicity studies on specific chemicals, she noted, are logistically difficult and prohibitively expensive to complete.

The publication in Nature’s Journal of Exposure Science and Epidemiology on Jan. 6 therefore sought to prioritize chemicals for water quality tests at local sites and potentially for regulation.

Researchers culled large quantities of data from REPROTOX toxicity databases to determine whether toxins found in both fluids and wastewater likely had a causal relationship with adverse developmental and reproductive outcomes.

Elaborating on those outcomes, Elliott noted that the adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes included birth defects and neurological aberrations, among other developments.

“Some of the animal studies that were recorded in the data that we referred to looked at trends in the number of offspring in reproductive circumstances. It was a wide range of adverse health outcomes that were taken into account,” Elliott said.

Nonetheless, the unknown chemicals remained the greatest concern. Plata noted that a toxicity-based priority list automatically biases one toward study of established, measurable chemicals, when others may have larger health impacts.

Researchers acknowledged that the study failed to account for air pollutants potentially released at fracking sites. Plata, who published a study this December that found the toxic repercussions of deep fracturing to be dwarfed by fracking’s surface-level processes, noted that the toxicity of air pollutants went unexamined in this study.

“These would take two forms: the volatile organic compounds that outgas at the surface, including benzene, and naturally-occuring radioactive materials that outgas when shale fluids are brought to the surface,” she said in an email to the News.

On the whole, all authors interviewed agreed that conclusions cannot be made until individual tests have been conducted to determine these toxins’ presence in drinking water.

“Elliott et al. have laid out the risk, now it is time for others to assess the exposure,” Plata said.

Hydraulic fracturing is used to extract methane, a greenhouse gas.

Contact JAMES BARILE at james.barile@yale.edu .

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YALE MEN’S GOLF PRESEASON FAVORITES Golfweek recently tabbed the Bulldogs as the preliminary favorite to earn the Ivy League crown this spring. The publication noted Yale’s impressive depth as the main reason why it can improve upon its fourth-place finish at last year’s conference championship.

“Racing against Ivy League schools is all about competition.

These girls are the rivals we know by name and are training to beat.”

ELIZABETH MCDONALD ’16 W. TRACK AND FIELD YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 26, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

No word on Ivy League tournament

Gymnastics falls in home opener

MEN’S BASKETBALL

BY MAYA SWEEDLER STAFF REPORTER The Yale gymnastics team made its home debut against Ivy foe Penn on Sunday, ultimately falling to the Quakers by a score of 189.575 to 188.725.

GYMNASTICS The loss comes on the heels of a season-opening loss to New Hampshire last week, a 189.700point performance by the Bulldogs. Uneven bars and balance beam continue to be strong points for Yale’s team, which was six for six in both events against New Hampshire and won on the same two apparatuses against Penn.

“Last weekend at UNH, bars and beam stood out as unbelievable events,” captain Camilla Opperman ’16 said. “They were probably the highest they’ve been since I’ve been here. We struggled a bit on floor and vault at UNH so that’s what we focused on [the week before Penn]. We haven’t

peaked yet but we have an enormous amount of potential on all four events.”

Though individual Yale gymnasts earned top-five finishes in every event, small missteps on each of the four apparatuses diminished the team score.

Megan Ryan ’18, the meet’s only all-around competitor, earned or tied career-best scores on both bars and vault en route to a 37.750 composite.

On vault, the Bulldogs’ first rotation, Opperman and Ryan finished fourth and fifth with scores of 9.525 and 9.425, respectively. Ryan and Tatiana Winkelman ’17 then became two parts of a three-way tie atop the uneven bars standings, scoring 9.700 along with Penn’s Elyse Shenberger.

Winkelman would make an additional appearance on the scoreboard, finishing third on the beam with a career-best 9.650.

Teammate Anella Anderson ’17 was right behind her with 9.600, SEE GYMNASTICS PAGE 8

YALE DAILY NEWS

The Ivy League is the only Division I basketball conference, out of 32 total, that does not hold a postseason tournament.

BY DANIELA BRIGHENTI STAFF REPORTER Weeks after the decision was expected, no new information has come forward as to whether Ivy League men’s basketball will add a postseason tournament.

Last month, a member of the

basketball coaching staff, who asked to remain anonymous, told the News that administrators at all eight Ivy League colleges were holding meetings to decide if a tournament for coming seasons would be approved.

At Yale, the decision had already been approved by Director of

Athletics Tom Beckett and men’s basketball head coach James Jones but not yet by University President Peter Salovey, according to the coaching staff member. Although a decision was expected before the end of the year, according to the coach and other media outlets includ-

ing CBS Sports, there have been no official announcements from the Ivy League as of yet.

“At this time, there is no information to share on that topic,” Associate Executive Director for Communications SEE M. BASKETBALL PAGE 8

Bulldogs open against Ivy foes

BY SEBASTIAN KUPCHAUNIS CONTRIBUTING REPORTER

ended up taking third place on both sides.

Both the Yale men’s and women’s track and field teams traveled to Hanover, New Hampshire this past Saturday to compete against Dartmouth and Columbia in the Bulldogs’ first Ivy League meet of the season.

With many underclassmen making their season debuts in the meet, Yale

TRACK & FIELD Highlighted by three first-place finishes — two of which involved Paedyn Gomes ’18, who won the 60-meter hurdles and was a member of the winning 4-by-400 relay team — the men finished with 42 points,

JACK BARRY/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The Eli men won three of 17 events while placing third as a team at Dartmouth.

behind Dartmouth’s 88 and Columbia’s 50. Though the Eli women came out on top in five of the 17 events, they managed just 39 points overall, while Dartmouth posted 89 and Columbia finished with 53. The women’s performance included first-place finishes in all events 1,000 meters or longer, as well as a win in the 4-by800 relay.

“Our women’s middle-distance and distance group had a great meet,” head coach David Shoehalter said.

“They have continued to build on a successful cross country season.”

Calling the event both “exciting and exhausting,” Mike Koller ’18 worked hard for a victory in the men’s high jump event to round out the men’s list of wins. He at first tied a Dartmouth jumper, with both reaching a final height of exactly 1.94 meters.

In a jump-off to determine the winner, Koller barely bested his previous result, finishing with a height of 1.95 meters. His Dartmouth opponent remained at 1.94, giving the win to Koller and five points to the Bulldogs.

“When it comes down to a jumpoff, each jump can be the difference between a win and a loss,” Koller said. “My body was tired, but I knew I needed to stay focused and trust my technique.”

Gomes’ win in the 60-meter hurdles was equally tight, and required SEE TRACK & FIELD PAGE 8

STAT OF THE DAY 37.750

MAYA SWEEDLER/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The Bulldogs won both balance beam and uneven bars on Sunday.

Chancellor ’19 of the rink

ROBBIE SHORT/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

In Yale’s six victories this season, Chancellor has tallied three goals and four assists.

BY KEVIN BENDESKY STAFF REPORTER Fresh off a victory Friday night against Union — just its second win in its last eight games — the Yale women’s hockey team will enter Tuesday night’s contest versus Rensselaer intent on building momentum in the home stretch of the season. The Bulldogs have been carried by veteran leadership and even one former Olympian, but a newcomer, forward

Jordan Chancellor ’19, has also emerged as a bright spot in an up-and-down season.

WOMEN’S HOCKEY Despite being in just her first year as a Bulldog, Chancellor has already made her presence felt. She has accrued the thirdmost points on the team (6–13–1, 5–7–1 SEE WOMEN’S HOCKEY PAGE 8

THE ALL-AROUND SCORE THAT MEGAN RYAN ’18 POSTED IN THE YALE–PENN GYMNASTICS MEET ON SUNDAY. Ryan, the only gymnast on either team to perform in all four events, scored a 9.700 on bars and 9.675 on floor in Yale’s narrow loss.