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NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 2016 · VOL. CXXXVIII, NO. 85 · yaledailynews.com

INSIDE THE NEWS MORNING EVENING

RAINY SUNNY

53 45

CROSS CAMPUS

RISKY BUSINESS RISKINESS STABLE OVER LIFE

UNITED WE STAND

DEM-OGRAPHICS

University raises all-time high of $1.3 million for United Way foundation

SANDERS MAY BE GAINING TRACTION IN ELM CITY

PAGES 10–11 SCI-TECH

PAGE 3 UNIVERSITY

PAGE 3 CITY

Meningitis suspected in Silliman

Insta(Grammy) worthy. At last night’s Grammy Awards, Angélique Kidjo — who received an honorary Doctor of Music at the University’s 314th commencement last year — won Best World Music Album for “Sings.” Kidjo’s music incorporates influences from traditional West African rhythms and jazz, among other genres. At commencement, University President Peter Salovey called her “one of the world’s great voices for Africa.”

Congressional Black Caucus PAC endorsed Hillary Clinton LAW ’73 for the 2016 Democratic nomination.

The endorsement from black political leaders may help Clinton in the South Carolina Democratic primary later this month. In the 2008 primary, 55 percent of Democratic voters in the South Carolina primary were black.

Charmer in Charleston.

Former President George W. Bush ’68 made a stop in North Charleston, South Carolina last night to stump for his brother, former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush. Over the weekend, the younger Bush responded to opponent Donald Trump’s repeated attacks on his family members saying, “While Donald Trump was building a reality TV show, my brother was building a security apparatus to keep us safe and I’m proud of what he did.”

Munich musings. At the

Munich Security Conference over the weekend, Secretary of State John Kerry ’66 corrected conference chairman Wolfgang Ischinger when he said Kerry would be speaking for the last time in his role as secretary.

“Depending on what I decide to do. So, maybe not,” Kerry said. Kerry replaced Clinton in the role in early 2013.

Get a whiff of this. Yale’s

all-male, all-senior a capella group the Whiffenpoofs conducted their first auditions yesterday. The group’s female counterpart, Whim ’n Rhythm, will not start until next week, and interested junior women must sign up by Wednesday.

Forever Young. The Yale

Leadership Initiative hosts civil rights activist and former congressman Andrew Young for a talk at 7 p.m. tonight at Davies Auditorium. Young was a close friend and colleague of Martin Luther King Jr.

I wish that I could have this Relay for Life. Yale Relay for

Life kicks off tonight at 7 p.m. at Dwight Hall. The event will have free food, and invited students have to sign up individually or as a team.

THIS DAY IN YALE HISTORY

1951 With seven new Yale students admitted to the University infirmary for influenza, the total number of cases among undergraduates rises to 75. Six hundred Yale students rush to get vaccinated as a result of the outbreak.

Follow along for the News’ latest.

Twitter | @yaledailynews

y

JULIA HENRY/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

A freshman was admitted to Yale-New Haven Hospital with a probable case of bacterial meningitis. people in prolonged, close contact with infected individuals are at risk of contracting it, Director of Yale Health Paul Genecin wrote in a community-wide email about the infection Monday.

Genecin said the meningitis case was not confirmed, and that it could take five days or more before the patient’s status is known for certain. In an email to students in the college, Silliman Master Nicho-

BY PADDY GAVIN AND FINNEGAN SCHICK STAFF REPORTERS A female freshman in Silliman College was admitted to Yale-New Haven Hospital Sunday night with a probable case of bacterial meningitis.

Although bacterial meningitis is a serious, sometimes fatal infection of the brain and spinal cord, the risk of transmission is low and only

las Christakis wrote that the student’s suitemates and others who had been in close contact with her had been treated with antibiotics, as per public health protocols. The diagnosed student declined to comment for this article.

“The student is doing well clinically and is in the hospital being properly treated,” Christakis wrote, adding that SEE MENINGITIS PAGE 4

Divinity School collects footage of 20th-century Nanking Massace PAGE 5 UNIVERSITY

Title IX report shows 78 complaints

BY MONICA WANG STAFF REPORTER

Endors’d. Last week, the

THE REEL STORY

The University received 78 complaints of sexual misconduct — an all-time high since Yale began publishing records of its complaints in 2011 — between July 1 and Dec. 31 of last year, according to Yale’s latest semi-annual report on the issue.

University Title IX Coordinator and Deputy Provost Stephanie Spangler released the SemiAnnual Report of Complaints of Sexual Misconduct in a University-wide email Monday evening. The number of complaints received is an increase from the 56 complaints published in the first half of 2015. It is also eight greater than the 70 complaints recorded during the second half of 2013, the next highest number of reports on record.

Additionally, 63 of the 78 complaints in the new report were made to Title IX coordinators, an unprecedented high for this specific branch of the University’s sexual misconduct reporting mechanisms. Of the five categories of sexual misconduct complaints — sexual assault, intimate partner violence, sexual harassment, stalking and other — sexual harassment was

the most common complaint, with 38 reports. The report also noted that the University-Wide Committee on Sexual Misconduct — the only body with the power to pursue formal resolution of a sexual misconduct case — found sufficient evidence to expel a respondent, in an update on a Yale College case from last year.

In her introduction to the report, Spangler highlighted the importance of Yale’s participation in the Association of American Universities’ Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Assault and Sexual Misconduct, the results of which were released last September. The AAU results are a clear call to action, Spangler noted, since the survey results indicated the high prevalence of sexual misconduct on Yale’s campus while highlighting the fact that not every case is reported.

“The current semi-annual report is the first to be published following the 2015 AAU Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Assault and Sexual Misconduct,” Spangler wrote in her email to the Yale community. “[The AAU] findings compel us to fortify and expand our preSEE TITLE IX PAGE 4

Students prioritize cheap dining at Schwarzman

BY FINNEGAN SCHICK STAFF REPORTER Food and drink were front and center in the Schwarzman Center Advisory Committee’s Feb. 11 report.

The report’s hypothetical day in the renovated Commons began with coffee, smoothies and bagels in a lower-level bistro and ended at 2 a.m. with wine and craft beers. Part and parcel of any new dining options at

the center are low prices: food, drinks and whatever programming the new center provides should not be cost-prohibitive for low-income students, the report said.

“Prices in the dining venues need to be kept low,” the report said. “Low prices are particularly important to students on financial aid; we would not want the cost of dining to discourage some part of the student body from using the center.”

Alum decries police mistreatment

BY JON VICTOR STAFF REPORTER A black Yale alumna has elicited national attention over her claim that police officers mistreated her during a traffic stop because of her race.

Imani Perry ’94, an African American Studies professor at Princeton University, was pulled over by the Princeton Police Department on her way to work the morning of Feb. 6 for driving 67 mph in a 45-mph zone. A routine check on her license revealed that a warrant had been issued for her arrest and her driver’s license had been suspended in connection with two unpaid parking violations from 2013.

Perry wrote in a public Facebook post last Monday that the two white police officers did not allow her to send a text message or make a call to inform coworkers of her arrest, and that the officers handcuffed her to a

table at the police station.

She also said she was patted down by a male police officer even though the other officer present was female.

“The police treated me inappropriately and disproportionately,” Perry wrote. “The fact of my blackness is not incidental to this matter.”

Perry did not respond to a request for comment.

She also declined to speak to The New York Times, which first reported her story on Feb. 9, and she has not spoken publicly about the incident other than in her Facebook post, a string of tweets and a follow-up statement published Feb. 12 on the application Evernote.

Still, in her socialmedia p o s ts, she described how her race affected her experience with the police.

“I was terrified when I was pulled over, and then when I was arrested, SEE POLICE PAGE 6

Yale students consulted by committee members during “listening tours” over the past few months have ranked better food and beverage options their top priority for the new center. But given students’ wide range of dietary needs and budgets, offering reasonably priced food options will hardly be straightforward. The $150 million gift from Stephen Schwarzman ’69 will fund renovations for the center and the arts pro-

gramming it will house, but it is unclear whether the gift’s reach will extend to subsidizing food, undergraduate committee representative Skyler Ross ’16 said.

Ross added that it is his understanding that the programming money from Schwarzman will fund special events, while dining options will be funded separately.

Members of the advisory committee have suggested several possibilities for keeping

dining options in the new center affordable. Undergraduate committee representative Ree Ree Li ’16, who said food options are the biggest cost concern with the new center, said it would be best for all Schwarzman Center dining venues to accept meal swipes, like Thain Family Café in Bass Library. Ross said the committee discussed ways to cater to both undergraduates SEE SCHWARZMAN PAGE 6

Salsa Fresca workers allege discrimination

FINNEGAN SCHICK/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Tex-Mex restaurant Salsa Fresca opened on 51 Broadway six months ago.

BY JIAHUI HU STAFF REPORTER Six months after Tex-Mex eatery Salsa Fresca opened on 51 Broadway, three former employees are alleging the restaurant’s management discriminated against them because they are native English speakers.

Sasha Feliciano, Kevin Baykin and Brandon Crandall claimed Salsa Fresca practiced preferential treatment toward native Spanish-speaking employees and actively discriminated against those who were not. The allegations were first made public in a Jan. 28 article in The Politic, entitled “Behind

the Glass: Salsa Fresca Workers Allege Unfair Treatment,” which was removed from the Politic website last weekend.

According to the article, Feliciano said she was made to work 19-hour shifts, while Crandall said he was dismissed after SEE SALSA FRESCA PAGE 6

PAGE 2

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

OPINION

.COMMENT “The only adults … coming to Yale were Daddy’s 0.1% country club old yaledailynews.com/opinion

Fire your secretary I

t’s a familiar game by now at Yale. Every day, you bump into two, maybe three acquaintances with whom you exchange a series of well-meaning platitudes culminating in the phrase, “We should get coffee sometime!” Most of the time, you do mean it, but almost never do you actually do it. If you genuinely want to spend time with someone, maybe you try subversively messaging, “Wait, do you mind if I violate a social convention and actually follow up on getting coffee?”

(True story.)

AT YALE WE ARE FORCED TO ACT AS OUR OWN PERSONAL SECRETARIES. It is regrettable that this phrase has become so common that it has lost almost all of its meaning. Nevertheless, I think that we are generally on the right track when we pursue social bonding through coffee dates and scheduled meals.

There’s something comfortable and essential in sharing food and words with a friend, and in devoting time to learn more about someone in a non-professional context.

My problem, though, is that I try to escalate the coffee game.

After managing to pin down a time between classes to finally catch up with a good friend and having a thoroughly wonderful conversation, I decide to take our relationship to the next level. “We should try hanging out every week!” I suggest brightly. Said friend reacts with enthusiasm.

Of course, we both forget that we are sleep-deprived college students with Calendar apps that resemble elaborate Tetris arrangements. Maybe we do manage to keep up a weekly date for a while, but eventually we both slip back into our respective vortices of classes, extracurricular activities and accidental naps.

At Yale we are forced to act as our own personal secretaries. We strive to manage mercilessly inflexible agendas, painstakingly structuring class upon meeting upon appointment, confronting our commitments one by one. So many of us don’t even pause in our day to eat a proper meal — we bite off more than we can chew, and so we down coffees at lunchtime.

When it comes to friends, we end up agonizing over how little free time we have and struggle to squeeze in a date … two weeks later.

We’re too busy, we say to ourselves and to each other.

Consistent, emotional intimacy is difficult to maintain, especially in a place where work SHERRY is frequently LEE overwhelming, friendA classical ship boundaries can act shift within the span of a week and only a few days of negligent silence can become insurmountable. In the hectic rush of “doing Yale” day-to-day, we go weeks without seeing or even really thinking about people we were close to only last semester.

Our social lives can seem as sporadic as our schedules are regimented. Under these circumstances, people easily drift apart from each other.

Something that has been distinctly lacking from my Yale experience is the stability of the “family dinner.” At home, no matter how busy I was, I would surface from my work, help spoon rice into bowls and eat with my family. Even if we hadn’t seen each other for most of the day, dinner was our time to reconnect and relax together.

We might chatter about school, tell the same jokes and gossip about the same drama three nights in a row. Every day, I had the easy, comforting affection of my family’s dinnertime gatherings to look forward to.

I yearn for that same stability, for an active maintenance of my dearest relationships. Under the pressure of our punctilious internal secretaries, though, there is little time for weekly coffee dates and dinners.

And that pressure affects everyone. Last weekend, I came to the realization that I hadn’t had a proper conversation with one of my best friends in about two weeks. Constantly swamped with work, I had kept rescheduling our hangouts and falling out of touch. After he reached out to me about it, I realized I needed to make deliberate time for our friendship. So we decided that every Friday night would be our Official Friendship Time, when we would catch up and spend time together.

Families who eat dinner together really do feel closer to each other. It doesn’t actually matter if food is involved or not — the idea is to keep ourselves from being starved of intimacy.

Ritual social time is one of the best ways to remain close with the people who have become our family at Yale.

So this Friday, I’m firing my secretary for the night. Why? I’m going to be busy watching Netflix with my best friend.

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COPYRIGHT 2016 — VOL. CXXXVIII, NO. 85

'HABITUALJOKER' ON 'ARONSON: FOR AN OPTIONAL DRESS CODE'

GUE ST COLUMNIST WILL MCGREW

Separate is unequal G

ender dominates our lives, determining who our friends are, who is treated with respect, who gets recruited into finance and who has power on campus. With Greek rush completed, freshman guys now know if they’ll be able to host legendary house parties until graduation, and freshman girls know if they’ll get invited to those parties — or if they’ll have to wait at the door.

While Yale’s Greek membership is relatively small on campus, fraternities and sports houses throw the vast majority of large off-campus parties, monopolizing control over a key resource for forming networks in college and far eclipsing the impact of secret societies on the daily life of campus.

As events in recent months have made clear, the dominance of all-male, mostly white, mostly straight social groups creates a segregated, hierarchical “party” scene on campuses across the country where women, people of color and LGBT students feel devalued and excluded from spaces controlled by men who don’t look like them — and often don’t have friends like them.

Like all organizations, Yale’s Greek chapters must take action to include students of all backgrounds, but they are restricted by the status quo: National rules mandate sex discrimination in membership, prohibit sororities from throwing parties in their houses and require recruitment

and pledge processes that often enforce masculine aggression and feminine sexual propriety and objectification. Sorority sisters as well as non-Greek women can thus only access social spaces through relationships with men.

And once inside frat or sports houses — i.e. “private property” — status is attained through playing by the brothers’ rules, not the University’s. Membership fees, discomfort with social differences and recruitment pipelines from certain teams and high schools are additional obstacles for minority and LGBT students.

It is outrageous that white heterosexual men control almost all the social spaces at one of the world’s most progressive universities. Yale has avoided a productive relationship with Greek life, intervening only in media firestorms, but otherwise abandoning its students to fend for themselves. Given co-ed eating clubs at Princeton and Harvard’s recent push to co-educate final clubs, Yale should take this opportunity to change course and lead the nation in empowering all students to live their social and sexual lives on their own terms. United Against Sexual Assault at Yale, the Sexual Literacy Forum, Community and the Consent Educators’ training sessions at certain Greek organizations and the sororities’ dialogues on inclusion are great initiatives that should be universalized by the administration to all social and athletic groups.

Beyond integrating existing organizations, making Yale a truly inclusive place will require elevating the status of femininity, blackness, gayness and every other “-ness” we’ve been socialized to distrust. In the model of co-ops at Stanford, eating clubs at Princeton and co-ed frats at Wesleyan, Yale should create a substantial fund to help sororities and co-ed groups control their own houses, host their own parties, forge their own experiences and celebrate their own identities. As a complement to existing Greek organizations, a vibrant co-ed social system would boost the bargaining power of marginalized groups on campus, improve student experiences and serve as an alternative to dreaded annex housing.

I’m in Yale's chapter of Sigma Phi Epsilon, and my friendships with the brothers have been one of the most enriching elements of my Yale experience. At its best, Greek life can bring us together, but we shouldn’t let a Greek organization define our identity, as can often occur when members of social or athletic groups spend most of their time with other members, likely of the same gender, income and ethnic background. Even if this segregation is “self-selecting,” research has demonstrated that the types of people we spend time with now will heavily determine those we later view positively, work well with, befriend and hire. Integrat-

ing institutions helps us embrace more diverse qualities and experiences — masculine, feminine, black, white and everything in between — making us individually and collectively more innovative and productive.

While there are differences between the sexes, there is no reason why these differences should necessitate different social roles, particularly when they are so heavily shaped by social norms. I know many women who are better at planning events than some of my brothers — along with several who are better drinkers. So why can’t they throw parties? Or even join a frat? The only response is the same sexism used against women in the workforce, co-education and gender-neutral housing: Women “don’t belong” in certain places because they’ll be vulnerable to sexual aggression and will distract men. Fence and co-ed groups on other campuses prove we are better than this: Men and women can overcome pubescent feelings of discomfort to develop healthy, fulfilling and equal friendships. To do so, however, women and men (and girls and boys) must be allowed to play, study, work, live and party together — according to their own rules. Without inclusion, there is no equality: separate but equal isn’t equal at all.

WILL MCGREW is a sophomore in Calhoun College. Contact him at william.mcgrew@yale.edu .

AYDIN AKYOL/STAFF ILLUSTRATOR

G U E S T C O L U M N I S T J O H N A T H A N YA O

Bringing balance to ambition

SHERRY LEE is a sophomore in Ezra Stiles College. Her column runs on alternate Tuesdays. Contact her at chia.lee@yale.edu .

Editorial: (203) 432-2418 editor@yaledailynews.com Business: (203) 432-2424 business@yaledailynews.com

boys”

O

n the first day of classes at the Yale School of Management, we went around the room and shared our greatest life experiences in an icebreaker exercise. Many of the students my age talked about traveling or personal accomplishments. The older students — both men and women — were nearly unanimous in their responses: Either “The day I got married” or “The day I became a parent.”

The younger students gasped.

In retrospect, before arriving at Yale, there had been times when I earnestly thought about one day being married and having a family. But almost immediately after setting foot on campus, the pull of extracurriculars, academics and social life quickly superseded that once romantic yearning. We think that these components are critical to a complete college experience, maybe even achieving the good life after graduation. At the very least, our hectic schedules are what got us into Yale in the first place, and it’s what we see everyone around us pursuing. So we follow the paths of those in the years above us, failing to realize that these upperclassmen were once following the very same model of those before them.

But repeatedly, when I ask

older professionals what makes them most happy, they tell me time and again: It’s not just work, but family and relationships.

In a letter to his daughters, President Obama, arguably the most powerful person on the planet, wrote, “When I was a young man, I thought life was all about me … But then the two of you came into my world … And suddenly, all my big plans for myself didn’t seem so important anymore.”

It’s beautiful. But the sentiment can still feel foreign to me.

Yale, as a liberal arts institution, commits itself “to liberate and free the mind to its fullest potential.” Its education is designed to prepare us for all areas of life. Frequently, our personal lives are left out of this conversation. There are so many Master’s Teas centered around famous alumni who have risen to the top of their fields, but so few Master’s Teas giving us simple guidance on how to have balanced relationships.

Even though I haven’t yet met anyone who doesn’t want to eventually find a dependable and intimate relationship, I’m confused by the contrast between our ambitions for our professional lives and our ambitions

for our personal lives — in which success is just as far from guaranteed.

At Yale, we expect the best, though we’re never sure when or in what form the best ever manifests itself. Despite the idea that there is always something better around the corner, I have come to accept that I am most relieved when I just give something a chance and commit to it.

I learned to appreciate my activities and academics not for surface-level checklist traits that I thought they had to have, but for the comfortableness and deeper understanding that came from making such fields uniquely my own through sustained effort.

And even when it doesn’t work out, as is sometimes the case, life goes on and there is something to have learned from the experience.

Maybe these lessons should be applied to my dating life.

I irrationally trust that work can’t hurt me in a way that love could, and so work has become the one exercise through which I’ve known how to navigate my life. Work, work and more work.

It gets me up in the morning.

It gives me satisfaction when I go to bed. Deep down, I doubt whether this single-mindedness to work is sustainable or sim-

ply an anesthetic from a greater truth.

When I am home on breaks and away from work, I’ll observe my parents and I think about the kind of life I want to live when I am their age. They both have successful professional lives, yet their careers remain far from the center of their life at home.

They cook, do the dishes and go on walks together. We eat dinner as a family every night. It’s not exactly a passionate Hollywood story — it’s far from the hookups and flings I’ll hear about on campus. In fact, it’s quite ordinary, but I catch myself thinking that maybe I wasn’t so ridiculous in my youth for wanting a happy family life.

And after each break, I return to school and keep these desires to myself. At Yale, such aspirations seem stigmatized and even at times politically incorrect. As the semester progresses, I’ll get busy again — work takes over — and I forget this feeling until the next time I talk to an adult, forgetting the day I’ll become that adult.

JOHNATHAN YAO is a 2015 graduate of Jonathan Edwards College and will graduate from the School of Public Health in 2016. Contact him at johnathan.yao@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 3

NEWS

“Voters quickly forget what a man says.”

RICHARD NIXON 37TH U.S. PRESIDENT

CORRECTIONS WEDNESDAY, FEB. 10

The story “Public library Mardi Gras party” misspelled the name Lisa Kaston. It also incorrectly stated that there are two NHFPL locations. In fact, there are five.

MONDAY, FEB. 15

A previous version of the story “Ethical grievance settlement rejected” inaccurately referred to the settlement as relating to malpractice in the headline, when in fact it was an ethical grievance. The article also misidentified the Fairfield Judicial District Grievance Panel as the New Haven Superior Court, and inaccurately explained why Howard Altschuler received a failing grade in a University of Pennsylvania course.

CT demographics may favor Clinton

BY CHLOE KIMBALL STAFF REPORTER Among the 151,584 votes Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders collected in his landslide New Hampshire primary victory last Tuesday was a surprisingly large contingent of unexpected supporters: women under 30.

Sanders took home 55 percent of the female vote and received votes from nearly 80 percent of the women under 30 who voted in the Democratic primary. For Sanders supporters in nearby Connecticut, those figures may predict future success among demographics many had assumed would favor Hillary Clinton LAW ’73.

Campus campaign organizers, including co-founder and cochair of Yale Students for Bernie Sanders Matthew Massie ’17, said Sanders’ recent success could also sway Yale students who are currently on the fence.

“Our landslide victory in New Hampshire proved that our campaign is no longer a long shot,” Massie said.

Carlos Camacho, chief coordinator of the Bernie Sanders Connecticut Team, cited Sanders’ 32 percent victory over Clinton as proof of Sanders’ often-doubted “electability.” He added that last week’s results suggest that Sanders may very plausibly win the female vote nationwide.

The preferences of that demographic have received particular media attention as of late.

In recent separate public interviews, former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright and feminist thought leader Gloria Steinem both said female Sanders supporters were abandoning the feminist cause.

“Younger women in New Hampshire were really adamant about the fact that [Albright and Steinem] don’t speak for them,” Camacho said, referring to contentious statements put forth in recent weeks by the two women.

“I think a lot of young women reacted much differently than their older generation who led the fight for women’s rights.”

Bonita Yarboro, the coordinator of the Bernie Sanders Connecticut Team who oversees the New Haven area and towns nearby, said that although women would like to see a female president, few consider Clinton the female champion they had in mind. She added that Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren would be better suited to such a role.

But Co-President of Yale Students for Hillary Delaney Herndon ’17 expressed a different view. “[Clinton] is the only candidate who will be a leader on women’s issues and focus on them in her presidency,” Herndon said.

Herndon said while she can not speak for her counterparts in New Hampshire, as a young woman living in Connecticut, she believes Clinton’s record for breaking down the barriers to gender equality is truly unrivaled.

Herndon also argued that Clinton is unique because her platform is likely to produce positive outcomes on issues important not

only to women but to all Americans. Herndon said Sanders has made big promises but lacks the means to implement them.

Despite Sanders’ success among New Hampshire women, the candidate has yet to demonstrate popularity in a state that is less than 90 percent white.

National polls indicate that Sanders trails Clinton among nonwhite voters by nearly 40 percent nationwide. Among black voters, this gap is even wider.

Herndon said this disparity is because “minority communities and the issues that matter most to them” are at the forefront of Clinton’s campaign, but not of Sanders’.

As opposed to being a singleissue candidate, Herndon said, Clinton understands that social justice issues can not be solved by redistribution alone. She said Clinton seeks to reform the criminal justice system, immigration policies and gun control measures in an effort to alleviate racial inequity.

Clinton’s edge with regard to African-American voters could be particularly noteworthy in New Haven, a city that is over 14 percent African-American and 65 percent white.

Though New Haven’s demographics suggest that voters in the city would favor Clinton, Camacho said there are more Sanders volunteers from New Haven than there are from other Connecticut cities. In total, there are 238 New Haven volunteers for the Sanders campaign, 175 of whom are Yale students.

Massie rejected the claim that Sanders’ policies do not have ethnic minority voters in mind.

“The idea that some observers have put forth that Bernie Sanders doesn’t talk about issues affecting black voters is totally bogus,” he said. “When he talks about expanding access to health care, education, employment — you name it — we’re talking about policies that will help African-Americans more than anyone else.”

Yarboro, who is African-American, said African-Americans who are rallying behind Clinton are doing so out of misinformation. She said they recognize the Clinton name but not the policies associated with that name.

Yarboro said, for example, that few African-Americans know that Bill Clinton’s administration implemented a racially based federal drug policy that placed harsher penalties on crackcocaine violations than on powder cocaine, which is more popular among Caucasian-Americans.

The laws led to a spike in incarceration rates that disproportionately affected African-Americans, Yarboro said.

“I do believe a lot of black people will support Bernie when they hear what his policies are … and when more of them recognize his name,” Yarboro said.

There are more than 2,000 Sanders supporters and volunteers in Connecticut.

Contact CHLOE KIMBALL at chloe.kimball@yale.edu .

Want to talk to dorky CS professors but afraid of CS50 psets?

Write for SciTech! stephanie.rogers@yale.edu

Yale, United Way raise record amount GRAPH FUNDS RAISED BY YALE-UNITED WAY PARTNERSHIP 2015 STAFF AND FACULTY DONATIONS

$1,500,000

2,000 TOTAL donors

$1,200,000 500

first-time donors

$900,000 2012

2013

2014

300

2015

increased donations TRESA JOSEPH/PRODUCTION & DESIGN EDITOR

BY DAVID SHIMER STAFF REPORTER Yale faculty and staff are doing more than ever to support the greater New Haven area.

The fundraising partnership between the University and United Way — a nonprofit organization focused on supporting New Haven and surrounding towns — is set to have its most successful year yet. As of Jan. 31, the campaign’s official target date, 2,000 faculty and staff members — 500 of whom had never donated before — have given more than $1.3 million in donations and pledges.

The amount raised is roughly $140,000 more than what had been raised at the same point last year, though donations will continue to be accepted through February and March.

Jennifer Heath, vice president of United Way who will take over as president and CEO in July, said funds raised are directed toward three key areas: education, income stability and health.

Heath said a pledge the University made last year to match up to $100,000 in new or increased donations helped incentivize members of the Yale community to contribute. University President Peter Salovey said that while fundraising for Yale is his first priority, doing the

same for greater New Haven is “extremely important” to him and has wider benefits.

“Our faculty, staff and students who contributed to the campaign recognize that these challenging economic times especially require us to step up and provide assistance to those who are less fortunate,” he said. “Yale itself is made stronger if we live in a community where residents can get a great education, receive excellent health care, live sustainably and contribute as citizens and students and employees. The fate of New Haven and the fate of Yale can never be separated.”

Jacob Peterson, a development officer for United Way, said this year marks a continuation of several years of increased success for the Yale-United Way partnership.

Money raised through Yale for the campaign has steadily increased over the past three years and now stands at roughly $200,000 more than it did at the same point in January 2013. Peterson added that the individual voices supporting this year’s campaign — including those of Mayor Toni Harp and Salovey — have served as an invaluable resource.

Heath added that increased awareness of United Way and its purpose contributed to its success.

“We’ve had a great rela-

tionship with Yale over the years, and I think there has been a lot of momentum building up over time as more and more people understand what United Way is and what it does in the community,” she said.

Peter Schaller, communications manager for United Way, said the Yale campaign is critical to United Way’s overall mission. About one out of every four dollars donated to the campaign comes from the Yale community, he explained.

United Way’s model has changed over time, according to Schaller. Funds used to be methodically distributed to organizations each year. Now, he said, the process is more focused on specific initiatives.

“We’re moving away from organizations that do a whole bunch of programs,” he said.

“It’s more goal-focused: looking at problems wholly, not giving organizations a certain amount of money and letting them do what they want with it.”

In addition to distributing grants, United Way coordinates the efforts of various other nonprofits in the area.

Heath cited its 22-month-old role as coordinator of a wider community effort to combat homelessness in the region.

“In addition to grant dollars, we have been asked by homeless service providers to serve as a coordinator as

we create new ways to ensure people move out of homelessness and into permanent housing,” she said.

Schaller said in seeking to “solve homelessness,” United Way is bringing related nonprofits together to make sure individuals at highest risk are cared for and that money is available at times of crisis, citing the city’s recent cold spell as an example.

Yale donors interviewed almost all said they contributed to United Way because of their attachment to New Haven and its residents.

Graduate School Dean Lynn Cooley said she donated to United Way because she “loves New Haven and wants to see it thrive.”

Scott Strobel, vice president for West Campus planning and program development, said he feels it is his responsibility to support New Haven.

“I donated to the campaign to help support the community where my family lives,” he said. “It’s morally important to me that I give to those who are in need and the United Way provides a mechanism to do this in an equitable way.”

United Way of Greater New Haven was founded in 1919 as the Community Chest of Greater New Haven.

Contact DAVID SHIMER at david.shimer@yale.edu .

Arrest made for West Haven stabbing

BY REBECCA KARABUS STAFF REPORTER The West Haven Police Department arrested New Haven resident Dwayne Watkins Thursday in connection with a Nov. 27 stabbing at Gin Dee’s Café, a West Haven restaurant, bar and strip club.

The WHPD said in a statement released Thursday that Watkins was charged with second-degree assault and breach of peace. Watkins, 44, lives in the Prospect Hill neighborhood of New Haven, roughly four blocks away from the Yale Divinity School. Police did not identify the victim of the November stabbing, nor did they provide further details regarding the arrest.

Second-degree assault is considered a Class D felony in Connecticut, and the charge typically carries a one- to fiveyear prison sentence and up to $5,000 in fines. WHPD spokesman Sgt. David Tammaro could not be reached for comment as of press time.

A resident of the Watkins household declined to comment.

A Gin Dee’s employee spoke on the condition of anonymity due to concern for her job security. She said most Gin Dee’s employees were unaware of the November stabbing, and she herself did not know about the crime until she read about it in

various local media outlets over the weekend. She added that news about such incidents usually passes through the venue “like wildfire.” Gin Dee’s owner could not be reached for comment Monday.

While Gin Dee’s employees said they are not aware of any more recent stabbings at the establishment, WHPD also responded to a Jan. 16 stabbing at Peroles Las Fusion Bar, a West Haven bar roughly three miles away from Gin Dee’s. The male victim of this stabbing sustained significant visible facial injuries and was taken to the emergency room at Yale-New Haven Hospital that night. Police are still investigating the stabbing at Peroles Las Fusion Bar and have not yet made an arrest.

Despite the stabbing incidents, residents say they do not feel unsafe in the neighborhood.

New Haven resident Quince Campbell said he frequently visits a friend who lives across the street from the club. He added that he has never felt wary in the area or encountered any problems that could have escalated to violence.

There were 37 reported aggressive assaults in New Haven last January, according to data from the New Haven Police Department.

Contact REBECCA KARABUS at rebecca.karabus@yale.edu .

MATTHEW LEIFHEIT/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

The stabbing occurred at Gin Dee’s Café last November.

PAGE 4

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT

“Alcohol may be man’s worst enemy, but the bible says love your enemy.”

FRANK SINATRA AMERICAN SINGER

Title IX report sees highest-ever no. of complaints GRAPH 78 SEXUAL MISCONDUCT COMPLAINTS Category of sexual misconduct reported Other (4) Stalking (8)

Sexual Harassment (38)

Office or committee that addressed the complaint UWC - Formal (5)

Sexual Assault (26)

Intimate Partner Violence (2)

YPD (10)

Title IX Coordinator (63) MERT DILEK/PRODUCTION & DESIGN EDITOR

TITLE IX FROM PAGE 1 vention efforts and take additional actions to make sure that individuals are aware of and comfortable with ways to report incidents of sexual misconduct.”

Vicki Beizer ’18, public relations coordinator for the Yale Women’s Center, said while it is impossible to know what effect the AAU findings had on community members’ decisions to report, the latest semiannual numbers reaffirm the need to continue building a safe sexual climate on campus.

“In an ideal world, the number of instances of sexual misconduct is zero,” she said.

“This number of reports, and the contents of the report, implicates every single member of the Yale community. We all have work to do in our own circles to foster a healthier sexual environment.”

The new semi-annual report also clarifies the function of the Title IX coordinators, who were notified of more complaints during the second half of 2015 than ever before. At Yale, there are several venues that can receive complaints of sexual misconduct: the Title IX coordinators, the UWC and the Yale Police Department.

The Sexual Harassment and Assault Response & Education Center can also hear complaints, but it keeps all of its information confidential and has no obligation to report to the other University entities; as a result, the semi-annual report does not include complaints brought to SHARE’s attention.

UWC Chair and ecology and evolutionary biology professor David Post declined to comment Monday.

Title IX coordinators can help complainants resolve alleged incidents of misconduct informally, but cannot

hold formal disciplinary hearings. For example, a coordinator can refer a complainant to other available resources, including the UWC, if the complainant wishes to pursue further action. Coordinators also have the power to impose sanctions on respondents and provide accommodations for complainants, such as nocontact orders.

But the UWC also has an informal resolution process, and Spangler told the News that based on community input, administrators felt it was important to further clarify the role of Title IX coordinators. Previous interviews with students have shown that they may not fully comprehend the scope of a Title IX coordinator’s authority. Spangler said she hopes that the online description will help clarify the capacity of this specific venue. “[Title IX] coordinators seek to address any immediate concerns, connect complainants with appropriate resources, ensure that they are fully aware of the options available for further action and help facilitate those actions,” the online description reads. “Except in rare cases involving an acute threat to community safety, coordinators defer to complainants’ wishes.”

Spangler told the News that although only the UWC can take formal disciplinary action, especially for cases in which the respondent is a student, Title IX coordinators are able to take other actions. For example, one case described in the latest report showed that after a staff member made inappropriate comments to an undergraduate complainant, a Title IX coordinator worked with a human resources representative to counsel the respondent on appropriate workplace conduct and imposed no-contact restric-

tions. The respondent received not only a written warning, but also a demotion.

Spangler also emphasized that Title IX coordinators play an important counseling role, and not all complainants who work with these coordinators end up pursuing a resolution of their complaints. Title IX coordinators can also receive complaints from a third party, such as freshman counselors and deans and masters of residential colleges, who have an obligation to report any information they hear. In each third-party case, a Title IX coordinator reaches out to the individual to offer support and discuss different options.

A new section in the report lists third-party cases in which individuals decided not to engage with the Title IX coordinator or provide additional information.

The results of the AAU survey indicated that the prevalence of sexual misconduct is high on Yale’s campus, Spangler said, and there are many more cases than those reported to University entities.

“It is difficult to make direct correlations between the AAU survey results and the number and nature of complaints in this semi-annual report.

However, we now have very powerful baseline evidence from the AAU survey, showing that many experiences of sexual misconduct on our campus are not reported to a University program,” Spangler said.

“We are working hard to better understand these reasons, with the aim of making sure individuals feel comfortable reporting their experiences.”

The ultimate goal, Spangler said, is to prevent sexual misconduct on Yale’s campus.

The University currently has a number of prevention programs, including bystanderintervention training, and

will continue to develop new ones that can produce positive results. The key to successful prevention, she emphasized, is the full engagement of the Yale community.

Likewise, Assistant Dean of Student Affairs Melanie Boyd, who supervises the Communication and Consent Educators program, said that in the wake of the AAU survey, she, her colleagues and the CCEs have had “countless conversations” about campus sexual misconduct. Those conversations, she added, provide the opening for people to consider reporting their experiences.

“Establishing high community expectations — and a willingness to intervene when people fall short of those expectations — is the best way to prevent sexual misconduct,” she said.

Beizer said sexual respect needs to be reinforced in many ways and at multiple times throughout the Yale experience, beginning with freshman orientation.

At the very least, Yale College Council President Joe English ’17 said, he hopes the new report raises awareness of existing resources to address misconduct.

“The new report emphasizes the importance of improving access to the resources Yale already has and ensuring they are as robust as possible,” he said. “We do have resources to help students deal with these issues and get justice, and I’m hoping that we can continue making them as accessible as possible.”

Yale is the only university that releases semi-annual reports of sexual misconduct complaints with descriptions of each case in addition to the basic statistics, Spangler said.

Contact MONICA WANG at monica.wang@yale.edu .

Student hospitalized for likely meningitis MENINGITIS FROM PAGE 1 her parents had been contacted.

“We wish the affected student a speedy recovery and rapid return to our college.”

Genecin added that over 20 individuals who had been in close contact with the diagnosed student have been given a single dose of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, the preventative treatment for bacterial meningitis. The University continues to work with local and state departments of health to identify people who had close, extended contact with the student in question, in order to offer them preventative treatment as well. But as of Monday night, one of the student’s suitemates said she had not taken any antibiotics, though she felt completely healthy.

The suitemate added that neither Christakis nor Silliman College Dean Jessie Hill had contacted her personally about the probable meningitis case as of around 7 p.m. on Monday night.

Several freshmen who live in Silliman near the hospitalized student said they were not worried about the case and trust that Yale Health will successfully prevent the spread of the disease.

Christakis, who is also a physician and researcher in biological science, said in his email to the Silliman community that he had received advice from public

health professionals at Yale and in New Haven about how to handle a potential infection. Because potential cases of meningitis must be reported to public health officials if detected, Yale Health has reported the case to both city and state public health authorities, and it is being monitored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Genecin said.

In his email to the Silliman community, Christakis gave students personal hygiene advice, as well as information about the symptoms of meningitis, which includes fever, a stiff neck and a skin rash.

This case comes roughly a year after a confirmed case of meningitis on campus last February.

After that infection, Yale Health made meningitis vaccinations available to the entire University community.

Genecin said that anyone who has had close contact with the student in question should contact Yale Health for preventative treatment.

Yale Health has set up a telephone hotline, staffed by health professionals, for those seeking more information about this case.

The hotline number is 866-9249253.

Contact PADDY GAVIN at paddy.gavin@yale.edu and FINNEGAN SCHICK at christopher.schick@yale.edu .

MICHELLE CHAN/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Twenty individuals who had been in close contact with the Silliman student were given a dose of antibiotics. yale institute of sacred music presents

arvo pärt passio

Yale Schola Cantorum David Hill, conductor Sunday, February 21 5 pm Christ Church New Haven Q

Free; no tickets required. ism.yale.edu

OPINION. Send submissions to opinion@yaledailynews.com

YOUR THOUGHTS. YOUR VOICE. YOUR PAGE.

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 5

NEWS

“Cambridge was a joy. Tediously. People reading books in a posh place. It was my fantasy. I loved it. I miss it still.”

ZADIE SMITH ENGLISH AUTHOR

Charter school teachers report satisfaction Divinity School curates Nanking footage

BY QI XU STAFF REPORTER

JENNIFER LU/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Most teachers in New Haven charter schools said they could not imagine a long-term career in the schools.

BY REBECCA KARABUS STAFF REPORTER Though most teachers at New Haven charter schools reported feeling content and supported in their work environment, the majority also said that they could not see themselves pursuing longterm careers in these schools.

Achievement First — a public charter-school network that originated in the Elm City and extends throughout the state of Connecticut and into New York and Rhode Island — compiled a report on school climate by surveying schools’ staff members to discover trends in students’ classroom experiences. The report also sought to uncover teacher and other school professionals’ general attitudes about their experiences in the AF network. In addition, it analyzed suspension and attrition rates in AF schools, which some traditional public-school advocates have criticized for being too high. AF Co-CEO and President Dacia Toll LAW ’99 presented the results of the surveys at AF’s Joint Connecticut Board Meeting on Jan. 27, the first meeting of the calendar year.

The report highlighted Amistad High School senior Arese Uwuoruya — who was accepted to Yale in December and is the first student in her school’s history to apply to Harvard University — as an AF success story.

“I’d say that charter schools have done an exceptional job of setting themselves apart from other schools in the sense that they expect more from their students,” Uwuoruya said. “However, I do think that, since the end goal is college,

it can get lost on students and teachers of where they actually want to go.”

Uwuoruya said while students generally feel supported by teachers, they often undersell themselves when it comes time to apply to colleges. She added that most teachers at Amistad High School are supportive and caring.

The highest-rated assessment in the survey, or the statement for which the largest percentage of teachers answered yes, was: “Someone at work cares about me as a person.” 95 percent of teachers surveyed affirmed that they felt cared for at work. The second highest-rated statement, which pertained to teachers feeling supported in AF charter schools, received 88-percent affirmation.

Both of these percentages marked an increase from 2014 survey results, suggesting that more AF teachers are satisfied with the school network’s professional environment this year than last.

In 2014, 91 percent of teachers felt they were cared for, and 86 percent felt supported, according to the data.

But while teachers reported feeling supported and cared for, 57 percent still said they could not envision themselves having long-term careers at AF charter schools, while 54 percent did not feel connected to the larger AF network.

“Teaching is emotionally and physically draining,” Toll said at the meeting.

At the meeting, Toll said one major factor deterring teachers from long-term employment at AF schools is the high workload.

She added that working at an AF school is even more difficult than working at a traditional public school because

of its extended school year and longer workday.

In addition to compiling data about the teachers’ work environment, the report highlighted a 30-percent drop in student-suspension rates since the 20132014 school year. But while the number of suspended pupils has decreased, Toll said suspension rates — which hover around 12 percent — are still too high.

The New Haven Public Schools district has also seen significant decreases in suspension rates, which administrators credit in part to the 2011 districtwide implementation of social and emotional learning curricula, which teaches students how to understand their emotions, foster healthy relationships and make responsible decisions. “[SEL] is paramount to improving student attitudes and beliefs about self, others and school,” NHPS Director of Student Services Typhanie Jackson said at an October Board of Education meeting.

Jamie Coady, an administrative intern at John S. Martinez Magnet School, said at the October meeting SEL contributed to a 90-percent decrease in suspensions at her school between 2011 and 2015. Truman Elementary School Principal Roy Araujo noted that his elementary school experienced an 85-percent decrease in suspensions.

The first AF charter school, Amistad Academy, opened in 1999. AF now comprises 30 schools in five cities across New York, Rhode Island and Connecticut.

Contact REBECCA KARABUS at rebecca.karabus@yale.edu .

When John Gillespie Magee, class of 1906, arrived in Nanking in 1912 to serve as a missionary of the Episcopal Church, he did not imagine that he would later witness and record the Japanese atrocities in the then-capital city of China.

Last November, the Yale Divinity Library received a special gift: 13 reels of film footage taken by Magee during his stay in China during the 1920s and 1930s. Donated by Magee’s grandson, John G. Magee III, the film contains rare footage of the Nanking Massacre — six weeks of mass rape, looting and killings perpetrated by the Japanese during World War II. With his camera, Magee had recorded Nanking under Japanese occupation and later smuggled those films out of the country. Along with earlier donations of Magee’s letters, writings and other personal items, the film reels hold significant value for historical research, according to Yale history professors who study modern China.

“It is on behalf of the entire Magee family that I officially turn over these films to Yale University, where the Rev. John Gillespie Magee’s historic journey began,” the donor, Magee III, said at an informal donation ceremony on Nov. 17 at the Divinity School. He could not be reached for further comment.

Martha Smalley, a special-collections consultant at the Divinity Library, said Magee’s films are famous among researchers as important primary-source material. Because Magee was one of the very few people who had a recording device back in the 1920s and 1930s, his film footage is among the only documentation of the Japanese army’s war crimes in Nanking during the occupation period, Smalley added.

The film reels were digitalized through a sponsorship from the USC Shoah Foundation Institute for Visual History and Education, a nonprofit organization promoting audiovisual interviews with survivors and witnesses of the Holocaust and other genocides. The foundation is producing a documentary about the situation in Nanking and Shanghai during World War II. The reels were digitalized as part of the foundation’s documentary project.

Two film clips, from reel one and reel nine, are now available on the Divinity Library’s Nanking Massacre Project website. The latter is a threeminute clip showing Chinese civilians in refugee camps and victims on stretchers and in bandages.

History professor Peter Perdue, who is an expert in Chinese history, said that although scholars have long known about the Magee films, most clips were not digitalized. The availability of the content will be very helpful to many historians, he added.

During the Japanese occupation of Nanking, western missionaries stayed in a safety zone free from the Japanese military attack. They provided medical treatment, helped relocate the Chinese and had the access to notice what took place, Perdue said. Magee was one of the 15 foreigners who formed the International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone.

“Some Japanese have tried to downplay [the Nanking Massacre] and indicate that the causalities were not as bad as that represented by the Chinese side,” Smalley said.

She added that the additional film footage will provide a vivid graphic depiction of what happened, serving a widespread interest in uncovering direct evidence of the atrocities.

Perdue agreed, noting that documents from western missionaries are the most reliable source, as compared to those from the Chinese or Japanese government. The Chinese government pulled out its army and officials before the Nanking Massacre and although the Japanese did collection documentation, some of it may have been destroyed and the authenticity of what remains is questionable, Perdue added.

There are many sources of evidence for the war crimes of Nanking Massacre. One of the biggest collections was initially published in 2005 in China, amounts to over 30 volumes, including reports, legal documents, diaries and memoirs, according to history professor Denise Ho ’00 — who specializes in modern Chinese history. But film footage of the Nanking Massacre is extremely rare. Hence, this digitalization of the Magee films will enhance historians’ understanding of the event, Ho added.

Prior to receiving the Magee films, the Divinity Library has obtained the majority of the Magee Papers from Magee’s sons, David Magee ’49 and Hugh Magee ’56. Those documents ranged from personal correspondences to newspaper clippings collected by the Magee family.

Smalley said the Magee Papers have attracted significant attention since they were collected. For example, Iris Chang, author of the best-selling 1997 work of nonfiction “The Rape of Nanking,” was among the first to study the collections.

Afterwards, dozens and dozens of researchers and documentary-crew members traveled to Yale from both China and Japan to look at the materials in the Divinity Library, Smalley added.

The Nanking Massacre began on Dec. 13, 1937. An estimated 300,000 Chinese soldiers and civilians were killed, and 20,000 women were raped during the massacre.

Contact QI XU at qi.xu@yale.edu .

Three students receive Gates Cambridge Scholarship

BY JON VICTOR STAFF REPORTER Three Yale students have been awarded Gates Cambridge Scholarships, prestigious fellowships that fully fund recipients to pursue postgraduate degrees at the University of Cambridge.

William Theiss ’16, Joshua Feinzig ’16 and Sofia Singler ARC ’16 were among 32 others chosen for the scholarship from a pool of 826 American students. Around

55 students from other countries will be informed of their selection in early April. The Gates Cambridge Scholarship was established in 2000 through a $210 million donation to Cambridge from Bill and Melinda Gates and serves to build a network of leaders dedicated to improving the lives of others, according to the organization’s website. The three Yale students were shortlisted for interviews at the Gates Foundation headquarters in Seattle in

late January and were notified of their selection shortly thereafter.

“The Gates Cambridge Scholarship was appealing for its overall generosity, financial and otherwise,” Singler said. “A full scholarship for a humanities Ph.D. is a tremendous privilege in itself, but additionally, the chance to join a tight-knit network of scholars from various different fields — all leading experts in their own disciplines — makes the scholarship all the

more valuable.”

Singler, who plans to pursue a Ph.D. in architecture at Cambridge next year with a focus in modernist architectural history theory, said she was impressed with the Gates Cambridge Scholarship alumni network, which will allow her to connect with more experienced thinkers in her field.

Also speaking to the connections that the scholarship affords participants, Theiss said that at

Cambridge, he will have the opportunity to meet two scholars of early modern intellectual history he admires, Ulinka Rublack and Scott Mandelbrote, the latter of whom will be his advisor.

Theiss — who is a literature major at Yale — will enroll in an M.Phil. program in early modern history, which is meant to prepare students for future research in European intellectual history.

He said his research will center on Willibald Pirckheimer, a law-

COURTESY OF JOSHUA FEINZIG, COURTESY OF SOFIA SINGLER, COURTESY OF WILLIAM THEISS

Joshua Feinzig ’16, Sofia Singler ARC ’16 and William Theiss ’16 have been awarded Gates Cambridge Scholarships.

yer and scholar who worked in Nuremberg during the Protestant Reformation.

“The coursework is exciting,” Theiss said. “On one day, I heard, we receive a research assignment in the morning, head to the archives and turn in a report by evening — and I’ll have the chance to write a dissertation in the enormously rich libraries around Cambridge and London.”

Feinzig, an ethics, politics and economics major, said he hopes to use the scholarship to search for the answers to intellectual questions that have plagued him as an undergraduate, which he said run at the intersection of disciplines like intellectual history, sociology, psychology and political theory.

Feinzig will be studying for an M.Phil. in criminology at the Cambridge Institute of Criminology. He said he is particularly interested in deviance, punishment and state legitimacy.

“I hope studying at Cambridge will allow me think about some of these questions from new angles and cross-national perspectives,” Feinzig said. “I’m also looking forward to developing friendships with other scholars from a host of different disciplines and countries.”

Over 1,500 Gates Cambridge Scholarships have been awarded since the fellowship’s founding.

Contact JON VICTOR at jon.victor@yale.edu .

PAGE 6

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT

“The police must obey the law while enforcing the law.” EARL WARREN FORMER GOVERNOR AND CHIEF JUSTICE

Center prioritizes food affordability

Alum alleges police racism

SCHWARZMAN FROM PAGE 1

POLICE FROM PAGE 1

on meal plans and graduate students who are not on any sort of meal plan, including a potential a la carte option.

“There is also a possibility of Yale-subsidized food that students would buy, cheaply, out of pocket,” said Yale College Council President Joe English ’17, who also served on the committee as an “ex officio” member due to his role on the YCC. Advisory committee member Lauren Tilton GRD ’16 said Yale Dining administrators are still working out the details of the center’s future dining options.

Further complicating the debate is the problem of agreeing upon a reasonable price for a la carte meals at the center’s dining venues. Graduate and Professional Student Senate President Elizabeth Mo GRD ’18, who, like English, served on the Advisory Committee “ex officio,” emphasized that prices need to be competitive to those at local eateries. New Haven food carts dish out $6 meals, and students can eat at West Campus for $5. YaleNew Haven Hospital meals range between $7 and $13. Mo said anything below $10 a meal would fit most students’ budgets.

Graduate Student Assembly committee representative Wendy Xiao GRD ’17 MED ’17 said that it is Yale’s mission to ensure any student can purchase a meal on campus for $8 or less, the price of a lunch swipe at Durfee’s Sweet Shoppe.

“A reasonable meal price is meant to be comparable with other options on campus,” said Cindy Rush GRD ’16, another GSA representative on the committee.

Still, it remains unclear how many of the report’s recommendations will make it into the final plans for the center. Committee members interviewed were quick

because in this country police practices are racially discriminatory,” she wrote in the Evernote post. “There is a mountain of research to support this assertion. It isn’t up for debate.”

A dashcam video released on Feb. 11 by the police department confirmed that the officers had not allowed Perry to make a call or send a text message before being taken to the station. In the 27-minute video, the search is conducted out of the camera’s view and some parts of the audio are muffled by the sound of passing cars.

Representatives from the Princeton Police Department could not be reached for comment Monday. However, Capt. Nicholas Sutter, the department chief, told The New York Times last week that the video did not show anything unusual, adding that official policy does not require female officers to search female suspects.

Delores Jones-Brown, a former assistant prosecutor in New Jersey and a professor in the Department of Law, Police Science and Criminal Justice Administration at John Jay College of Criminal Justice, said the police always have discretion to be as enforcement-oriented as they need to be, depending on the situation. JonesBrown said allowing Perry to send a text or make a phone call would have simply been an act of courtesy by the officers and is not a part of official protocol.

But she noted that handcuffing was also not a neces-

WA LIU/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

The Schwarzman Center Advisory Committee’s report emphasized the need for affordable dining options at the center. to point out that the report is primarily a guideline for the new center, not a set of proposals to be implemented. Tilton said that the committee’s initial proposals were aimed to express ideas stemming from student feedback “regardless of the exact price.”

Rush said no idea is too ambitious because the center should aim to be unlike any other university student center, while Li called the report “realistic” and added that the proposals were dictated in part by what is feasible.

Mo said it would be okay if some proposals, such as the dance studio, never make it into

the center, but emphasized that a bistro and wine bar are important. “[Unlike undergraduates], graduate and professional students don’t really have on-campus activities, unless you include drinking at bars in the downtown area,” Mo said.

The committee’s report also placed emphasis on exercise classes in the center “that should be free or very low cost so as not to discourage students on financial aid.”

sary part of protocol, given the nature of Perry’s offense.

“They could have not handcuffed her once they determined that the outstanding warrant was not for a serious offense,” she said.

In the dashcam video, police tell Perry that they handcuff everyone they arrest and transport.

Perry’s comments have reignited a debate over the role of racial profiling in policing across the United States. Her reports set off heated dialogue on Twitter, with many users contacting Perry with personal attacks, according to her Facebook post.

Yale College Dean Jonathan Holloway, a scholar of post-emancipation African-American history, said it seemed odd that Perry would be handcuffed for a traffic violation. When asked how Perry’s story relates to other instances of alleged police brutality, including the experience of Tahj Blow ’16, a black student who was forced to the ground at gunpoint by a Yale Police officer last year, Holloway said the incidents are “part of a national conversation.”

“We’re paying attention to these issues,” Holloway said.

“When it comes to university police and how they treat their constituencies, there is great variation in how they act and there are different levels of quality of training.”

Many in the Princeton community have rallied to Perry’s side.

Janice Fine, a white Rutgers University professor, told a local television station that when she was arrested

in Princeton in 2010 for driving with a suspended license — the same offense for which Perry was arrested — the police treated her completely differently. Fine said officers never handcuffed her and went out of their way to be helpful. The only differentiating factor in the two cases was race, she said. Fine declined to comment further to the News.

Olivia Lloyd, a senior at Princeton, expressed sympathy for Perry. Lloyd said she first learned of the incident from a Facebook friend who shared Perry’s response to the incident. She added that she was appalled at the account and that to her, the incident seemed to be yet another example of institutionalized racism and inappropriate use of force by the police.

Perry’s colleagues have also expressed public support for her position, with Princeton University President Christopher Eisgruber penning a letter to the college’s student newspaper in which he wrote that he had been in contact with local authorities about his worries.

“Many on our campus and around the country have expressed understandable concern about the arrest this past weekend of professor Imani Perry, who is a respected scholar and beloved teacher at this university,” Eisgruber wrote.

Perry is the author of two books, including “More Beautiful and More Terrible: The Embrace and Transcendence of Racial Inequality in the United States.”

Contact JON VICTOR at jon.victor@yale.edu .

Contact FINNEGAN SCHICK at christopher.schick@yale.edu .

Employees complain of mistreatment SALSA FRESCA FROM PAGE 1 eating candy while at work.

Feliciano, who now works at Campus Customs on the same block, said native English speakers at the restaurant were not paid as well as native Spanish speakers who worked the same number of hours.

She said a group of Spanishspeaking employees openly mocked her in Spanish while at work. Feliciano also said that the restaurant’s management failed to promote her despite her demonstrated work ethic.

Baykin and Crandall, who have since begun working at Junzi Kitchen, corroborated Feliciano’s claims in The Politic. Both said that during their time at Salsa Fresca, they worked the same number of hours as their Spanish-speaking coworkers for less pay.

Still, none of the three former employers have filed official claims of discrimination against the restaurant.

Baykin and Crandall declined to speak with the News about their time at Salsa Fresca, with Baykin noting that he would rather put his negative experience at Salsa Fresca behind him.

Feliciano told the News that the original article was removed from The Politic’s website because her attorney, Leo Ahern, contacted the author and said one part of it was libelous. The article had printed a quote from a Salsa Fresca manager that said Feliciano showed up to work drunk and often behaved irresponsibly.

Neither Feliciano’s attorney nor The Politic returned requests for comment. Ahern’s

firm, which works out of an independent law practice, specializes in state and federal crime. Ahrens is working with Feliciano in regards to her claim that The Politic committed libel and not in connection with her allegations of labor discrimination at Salsa Fresca.

Representatives at the organization’s headquarters did not respond to multiple requests for comment.

Salsa Fresca has six branches in New York and Connecticut and was founded in 2008.

Salsa Fresca was built in the University Properties lot that Educated Burgher — which closed in the summer of 2014 —formerly occupied.

Contact JIAHUI HU at jiahui.hu@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 7

BULLETIN BOARD

TODAY’S FORECAST

TOMORROW

Rain, mainly after 10am. High near 53.

Southeast wind 7 to 16 mph.

High of 45, low of 25.

A WITCH NAMED KOKO BY CHARLES BRUBAKER

ON CAMPUS TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 16 10:30 AM Federico Solmi and Jake Jeffries. Artists Federico Solmi and Jake Jeffries present a two-part interdisciplinary arts workshop on 3D character modeling and texturing. Participants will learn the basics of character development, modeling and texture mapping, exploring the relationships between traditional plastic media and 3D computer graphics. Digital Media Center for the Arts (149 York St.).

12:00 PM Poynter — Joan Biskupic: The Roberts Supreme Court and the Divisions that Define It. Joan Biskupic is editorat-large for legal affairs at Reuters News. Biskupic has covered the Supreme Court for more than 20 years and is the author of several books on the judiciary. Her most recent book, “Breaking In: The Rise of Sonia Sotomayor and the Politics of Justice,” was published in 2014. Biskupic was a finalist for the 2015 Pulitzer Prize in explanatory reporting. Sterling Law Buildings (127 Wall St.).

WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 17 12:30 PM Gallery Talk, Everything Is Dada: 100 Years of Art and Anti-Art. In 1916 a group of young men and women came together in Zurich and changed the art world forever. With their inclinations for irreverence, social criticism, and nonsense, Dada artists invented performance art and a new visual language.

Frauke Josenhans, assistant curator of modern and contemporary art, offers a glimpse of Dada and its different manifestations. Yale University Art Gallery (1111 Chapel St.).

4:30 PM U.S. Security Concerns from Japanese American Internment to 9/11 and ISIL. Norman Mineta, former commerce secretary under President Bill Clinton LAW ’73 and transportation secretary under President George W. Bush ’68, will speak about his experience addressing security concerns after 9/11. He will also speak about his family’s experience in a Japanese internment camp during World War II. Whitney Humanities Center (53 Wall St.), Aud.

To reach us: E-mail editor@yaledailynews.com Advertisements 2-2424 (before 5 p.m.)

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Mailing address Yale Daily News P.O. Box 209007 New Haven, CT 06520

Questions or comments about the fairness or accuracy of stories should be directed to Editor in Chief Stephanie Addenbrooke at (203) 432-2418.

Bulletin Board is a free service provided to groups of the Yale community for events. Listings should be submitted online at yaledailynews.com/events/ submit. The Yale Daily News reserves the right to edit listings.

To visit us in person 202 York St. New Haven, Conn. (Opposite JE) FOR RELEASE FEBRUARY 16, 2016

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38 Law enforcement slogan 41 Felix Unger et al.

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39 Like graduation caps 40 St. with a panhandle 41 Steph Curry’s org.

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2/16/16

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THURSDAY High of 37, low of 19.

PAGE 8

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

SPORTS

“I am lucky that whatever fear I have inside me, my desire to win is always stronger.”

SERENA WILLIAMS 36-TIME MAJOR CHAMPION

Win streak snapped at ECACs

JACOB MITCHELL/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Alex Hagermoser ’17 led Lucas Hejhal of St. John’s, the No. 92 player in the country, 6–5 in the second set but the match was not finished.

MEN’S TENNIS FROM 12 “The competition this weekend was super tough,” Stefan Doehler ’18 said. “The losses were disappointing, but we know we still have a lot of room to grow.”

Yale’s season so far has been defined in large part by injuries at the top of its lineup. Lu and Wang normally occupy the team’s top two singles spots, though Lu has not competed since the fall.

Wang did compete in Yale’s Feb. 7 victory over Army, but with his absence this past weekend, others on the team were forced to play above their typical spots in the lineup.

“It’s forcing us to work harder at practice with greater purpose, knowing that we have a top spot to fill,” said Wang, who hopes to return to action in the coming weeks. “Even though the results might not show in the first few matches, I’m optimistic that our

efforts will pay off come Ivy season.”

With Ivy matches not scheduled until the first weekend of April, the Bulldogs will spend the coming months actively preparing through nonconference competition while adjusting to their present injury situation.

Currently posting a 4–4 nonconference season record, Yale sits in sixth place among the Ancient Eight. Each Ivy team besides Columbia competed at the ECACs, which Princeton won.

“The weekend was good in that it made us realize how much harder we need to work to get better for Ivies,” Brown said.

Yale will return to competition on the road this weekend, when it takes on Furman University in Greenville, South Carolina.

Contact MATTHEW STOCK at matthew.stock@yale.edu .

Five different records broken TRACK FROM PAGE 12 and 200-meter dash, respectively.

Sullivan cleared his recordsetting vault from three weeks ago by almost half a foot this time around. Sullivan’s new personal best of 5.30 meters is not only the top mark in the Ivy League, but also the second-best vault in the ECAC. “I feel pretty healthy, and am grateful that things are finally working out,” Sullivan said. “I know I can go even higher, and want to make the most of my last indoor season.”

While Schmiede was the only member of the women’s team to break a record during a stretch in which the men broke four, her performance has more than made up for the discrepancy. Schmiede, having beaten the Yale mile time of current professional runner Kate Grace ’11 less than a month before, struck again this weekend.

Placing in the top 10 out of a field of almost 250 runners, Schmiede’s new best mile time of 4:37.77, more than a second faster than her previous personal best of 4:38.87, gives her the top spot in the Ivy League and the 12th-best time nationally.

“I feel like it’s been a while coming,” Schmiede said of the performances as a whole.

“There have been signs that the team was sharpening up in the fall. The whole team has been dialed in.”

Schmiede did not have the only historic mile performance for Yale this Saturday, as Randon also broke the men’s record. Competing in the event for the first time all season, Randon ran a 4:00.53, just a hundredth of a second faster than the previous record set by James Shirvell ’14. Randon, who also holds the fastest freshman mile time in Yale history, is now fourth in the Ivy League in the event.

In the weekend between Sullivan’s two record-set-

Yale edges BU 4–3

ting pole-vault performances, Laut stole the spotlight in the event, clearing the previous freshman record by almost a foot with a vault of 5.10 meters.

Last but not least, Hill impressed this past weekend with a time of 21.86 seconds in the 200-meter dash, setting not just the freshman Yale record, but coming within striking distance — 0.23 seconds — of the actual record.

“The coaching and their training techniques as well as the support from my teammates have been very helpful,” Hill said. “The seven broken

Contact HOPE ALLCHIN at hope.allchin@yale.edu and MAYA SWEEDLER at maya.sweedler@yale.edu .

4:38.87 | Frances Schmiede ’17 Jan. 29, 2016

MEN’S POLE VAULT 5.15 meters | Jesse Stern ’97 1997

5.18 meters | Brendan Sullivan ’16 Jan. 29, 2016

MEN’S POLE VAULT (FRESHMEN) 4.80 meters | Eric Depalo ’10 2007

5.10 meters | Austin Laut ’19 Feb. 6, 2016

WOMEN’S MILE 4:38.87 | Frances Schmiede ’17 Jan. 29, 2016

4:37.77 | Frances Schmiede ’17 Feb. 12, 2016

MEN’S POLE VAULT 5.18 meters | Brendan Sullivan ’16 Jan. 29, 2016

5.30 meters | Brendan Sullivan ’16 Feb. 13, 2016

MEN’S 200-METER (FRESHMEN) 22.09 seconds | Brandon Giles ’08 2005

21.86 seconds | Connor Hill ’19 Feb. 13, 2016

MEN’S MILE 4:00.54 | James Shirvell ’14 2014

4:00.53 | James Randon ’17 Feb. 13, 2016 JILLIAN HOROWITZ/SENIOR PRODUCTION & DESIGN STAFF

New offensive leaders Ferrara ’16 and defenseman Mallory Souliotis ’18 have seen a transformation in their play this season, leading the team in goals and assists, respectively, after not placing top 10 on the team in those categories last year. “[Ferrara has] really stepped up on the ice and I am not surprised at all that she has tripled her goals scored,” goaltender Hanna Mandl ’17 said. “Janelle’s been an exceptional captain this year, and always has the team’s best interest on and off the ice. She really is the heart and soul of this team and I have no doubt that she will lead us to championships.”

Ferrara has scored 11 goals this season — significantly more than her totals of three her junior year and six her sophomore and freshman seasons.

The team captain was brief when asked about the increase in performance, saying that she has been placing herself in better scoring opportunities and is more willing to shoot the puck.

Head coach Joakim Flygh, however, further elaborated on Ferrara as a player.

“Janelle is a very cerebral hockey player; with her skill set she creates extra time for herself and plays with a lot of poise,” Flygh said. “She has always worked on getting better since she has been at Yale. This year she has embraced the idea of shooting the puck more and with that she has been producing more. She is someone that always shows up to compete whether it is in practice or during games.”

Some of Ferrara’s most crucial goals included two in the Elis’ 4–3 conquest over fellow Connecticut rival, No. 4 Quinnipiac, after the Bulldogs fell to the Bobcats 6–3 only one week prior.

Her performance in this matchup prompted the league to name her ECAC Hockey Player of the Week on Nov. 5.

Ferrara also helped tie the score against Union on Dec. 5 — which gave her team the opportunity to defeat the Dutchwomen 2–1 with a goal from forward Phoebe

victory of the season.

“One of the biggest things we’re working on is taking advantage of the opportunities when we see them,” Ree Ree Li said. “We set ourselves up, but are not finishing. That’s the biggest thing.

Those are the key points we want to translate from what we’ve been practicing.”

Amos added that the team has become mentally and physically stronger over the winter, and that she is looking forward to the upcoming conference season.

The Bulldogs are at home for another three weeks, which will include four nonconference tests.

Their next match is on Feb. 19, when the University of Massachusetts comes to play.

Ivy League matches begin in April.

NEW RECORD

4:39.52 | Kate Grace ’11 2011

6–3 win did not factor into the match’s final tally, it nevertheless represented a continuation of her strong rookie campaign that began with Shrivastava advancing to the quarterfinals of her first collegiate tournament, the Cissie Leary Invitational back in October.

“Although the score against Syracuse was 6–1, it was a very close match,” Lynch said. “Everyone is playing better and better each match and we’re incorporating what we’re working on in practice. Our team is very talented and we translated that into a win on Saturday against BU.” On the doubles side, the pairs of Hamilton and Jiang as well as Li and Valerie Shklover ’18 fell 6–1 and 6–3, respectively. Though, like Shrivastava’s victory, the No. 3 doubles match did not count for the purpose of Intercollegiate Tennis Association results, Sherry Li ’17 and Caroline Lynch ’17 still defeated their opponents by a score of 6–4.

Against Boston University the following day, Courtney Amos ’16 put the Terriers away with a match-clinching fourth point in the No. 4 singles position. After dropping the first set 2–6, Amos battled back to win the second set 7–5 and dominated the third, taking it 6–1.

“I just tried to think about what I could control in my own game; such as having longer points, and keeping the ball deep in the court,” Amos told the News. “I think the length of the second set definitely impacted the third set to my advantage, I got a lot of momentum from the second-set win and it gave [me the] push I needed to make it through the third.”

In addition to victories by Amos and Sherry Li in singles, Yale swept the dou-

bles matches and earned the accompanying point. The pair of Hamilton and Jiang won 6–2, and Ree Ree Li and Shklover picked up a 6–4 victory. Again playing at the No. 3 doubles spot, Sherry Li and Lynch also defeated their Boston University foes after taking the tie-breaking set, 7–6 (2).

The singles matches saw more tightly contested finishes. Hamilton and Ree Ree Li, playing at No. 1 and 2, fell 6–4, 6–3 and 7–5, 6–1, respectively. Sherry Li defeated Boston University’s Iryna Kostirko 6–4, 6–4 to pick up a singles point at the No. 3 position. Shklover cruised to a 6–2, 6–2 victory to give Yale its third point.

The score was level at 3–3 when Amos entered the third set of her match — the only singles match of the day to go to three sets. The senior dominated the final set en route to a 2–6, 7–5, 6–1 performance to clinch Yale’s first

Contact SEBASTIAN KUPCHAUNIS at sebastian.kupchaunis@yale.edu .

WOMEN’S MILE

W. HOCKEY FROM PAGE 12

Valerie Shklover ’18 won in both singles and doubles action against BU on Saturday.

to utilize this momentum as the Bulldogs now take two weeks to prepare for Heps.

“The team as a whole is moving in a better direction than last year,” Sullivan said. “Confidence is not only higher, but also the work ethic and energy amongst the team. We have the opportunity to put up some great performances at the Ivy League Championships.”

Ivy Heps begin on Feb. 27 at Cornell.

OLD RECORD

W. TENNIS FROM PAGE 12

GRAHAM HARBOE/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

records are amazing and show great promise for the future of the program.”

The historic performances from Yale early in the indoor season all follow a crosscountry season that was also historic. This past fall at the Ivy League Heptagonal Championships, the second- and third-place showings for the Yale women and men, respectively, marked the best combined finish for the two Yale cross-country programs in 25 years.

While school records have been broken before, athletes noted the opportunity for Yale

Staenz ’17 in overtime.

While Ferrara has entered the stat sheet mostly through her goals this season, her 49 career assists, which rank in the top 10 of all time in Yale history, have also earned her respect on the ice.

“Janelle is a great teammate because she is willing to do whatever is best for the team,” defenseman Kate Martini ’16 said. “She is completely unselfish, and is always willing to help a teammate in any way she can.”

Meanwhile, though Souliotis’ position may imply that her main role is on defense, the sophomore has contributed more offense, in terms of points, than anyone else on Yale’s roster.

Souliotis leads the team in both assists, with 19, and points, with 23. Souliotis already holds the Yale record for assists in a season by a defenseman and is nine assists away from the record among Yale skaters in general.

“Mallory has worked very hard since the moment she joined our program and deserves all the success she has been having this season,” forward Hanna Åström ’16 said. “Her positive energy is infectious to those around her,

and you can always count on her to cheer when you’re feeling down.”

During her first season donning the Yale uniform, Souliotis saw action in 26 out of 31 games for the Elis. In competition she scored one goal and assisted on eight, giving her a total of nine points ending the 2014–15 season.

She finished her freshman season by receiving the Wendy Blanning Award for the most improved player in a season, setting the stage for the breakout performance seen on the ice this year.

“I definitely feel more confident this year compared to last year, and I think that has translated onto the ice,” Souliotis said.

“I am definitely stronger and faster, and I am creating a lot of offensive chances. It’s just a product of all the hard work during the summer and offseason.”

That hard work will be tested for one more weekend, and potentially more, at St. Lawrence and Clarkson on Friday and Saturday, respectively.

Contact NICOLE WELLS at nicole.wells@yale.edu .

ROBBIE SHORT/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Defenseman Mallory Souliotis ’18 leads the Bulldogs in both points (23) and assists (19).

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 9

the chubb fellowship · timothy dwight college · yale

“Quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote. Quote quote quote quote quote quote quote quote university quote quote.” FIRSTNAME LASTNAME TITLE TITLE TITLE

Norman Mineta secretary of transportation under george w. bush secretary of commerce under bill clinton

U.S. Security Concerns from Japanese American Internment to 9/11 and ISIL LECTURE

Wednesday, February 17, 2016 · 4:30 pm Whitney Humanities Center Auditorium 53 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511 Doors open for seating at 4:10 pm

Free and open to the public. No tickets are required. For questions, please email chubb.fellowship@yale.edu or call 203.464.2755.

Supported by Asian American Cultural Center and Whitney Humanities Center.

PAGE 10

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY OVER TIME, RISKTAKING STABLE RELATIVE TO PEERS

BY ROBBIE SHORT CONTRIBUTING REPORTER A new Yale study suggests that human inclination for risk-taking is stable during a person’s lifetime, much like other personality traits.

The study was a collaboration between psychology professor Gregory Samanez-Larkin, and researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Germany and the University of Basel in Switzerland. It analyzed data culled from the German Socio-Economic Panel, a longitudinal study of more than 44,000 Germans aged 18 to 85 who were surveyed over a period of 10 years. The study suggests both that people tend to take fewer risks as they get older and — more significantly, according to Samanez-Larkin — that people’s willingness to take risks remains stable relative to their peers’ over time, with the exception of the stressful periods at the beginning and end of life. The study was published Jan. 28 in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

Samanez-Larkin noted that relative to their peers, a person’s degree of risk-taking remains stable.

“Say we’ve got, like, five 35-year-olds,” Samanez-Larkin said. “The most risk-taking one is still the most risk-taking one relative to their peers at 45. They’re still the most risktaking, but they’re slightly less risk-taking than they were when they were 35. And so are the four people below them.”

Samanez-Larkin said this finding supports the notion that one’s inclination to take or avoid risks may be a personality trait. The study suggests that, like many personality traits, one’s relative willingness to take risks is relatively stable.

The study also suggests that though overall risk-taking tends to decrease with age, different types of risk-taking shift in different ways as people age.

Social risk-taking and financial risk-taking, for instance, do not seem to experience the gradual decline physical risk-taking does over time, Samanez-Larkin said. The study suggests that social risktaking — specifically, willingness to trust others — stays relatively flat across one’s lifespan and financial risk-taking stays relatively flat until just before retirement, when it declines.

“Most people assume that

people become more riskaverse as they get older,” Samanez-Larkin said. “You think, like, oh, old people don’t do risky stuff. They don’t skateboard and bungee jump and things like that …

[But], if we look across different domains, we can see: How does the risk-taking change in different domains? And is it the same as the recreational one?

And it’s not, really.”

Samanez-Larkin said this finding might have implications for further research into areas like financial fraud involving the elderly, who are often considered more susceptible to con artists because of age-related declines in judgment but, according to the study, may actually be less financially risk-taking than younger people.

The study itself is notable for the large scale and longitudinal nature of its data set, University of Basel professor and study co-author Rui Mata said. Mata added that research like this is often hampered by a lack of suitable and sufficient data.

“In a way, it’s been a question of searching for data,” Mata said. “We’ve had this idea that we want to understand

age differences in risk-taking — what are the cultural and individual life determinants for this? But we didn’t have the right data for this, because ideally what you’d have is data that follows people over time.”

Mata said that though the data used in the study is subject to bias because it was mostly self-reported, he and his colleagues were lucky to find it.

It was only a “chance encounter” with researchers from the German Institute for Economic Research that alerted them to the potential of the data set, he said.

Yaniv Hanoch, a professor at Plymouth University who has also researched risk-taking, noted that the study’s team was fortunate to find such a data set. Hanoch said he hopes similar sets will come forward as companies like Google begin to get involved in the capture and analysis of “big data.”

In addition to risk-taking measures, variables in the German Socio-Economic Panel include household composition, employment, occupations, earnings and health and satisfaction indicators.

Contact ROBBIE SHORT at robert.short@yale.edu .

CATHERINE YANG/STAFF ILLUSTRATOR

Protein found crucial in vertebrae formation

BY ANDREW RUYS DE PEREZ CONTRIBUTING REPORTER In an effort to better understand scoliosis and other vertebrae defects, Yale researchers have examined links between the saw-tooth pattern of a protein and correct spinal formation in zebrafish embryos.

Members of the Holley Lab at Yale published their findings in the journal Current Biology earlier this month, describing the effects of differing levels of the protein cadherin on vertebrae development. Principal investigator Scott Holley and his colleagues worked zebrafish and studied somites, embryonic structures that are the building blocks of vertebrae. They examined embryos in order to study human development since zebrafish is considered a quality model organism, meaning it has key genetic similarities to human beings. In their recent research, they found that the cell adhesion molecule cadherin plays a large role in the development of vertebrae. The research may have important implications in treatment plans for individuals with scoliosis, which can cause spine curvature.

“We try to understand how birth defects arise during human development,” said Holley, who is a professor of molecular, cellular and developmental biology.

Combining questions of genetic and developmental biology, the Holley Lab researches “segmentation,” the study of how vertebrae form and segment, and how cells communicate with each other and differentiate themselves in the embryo, said Patrick McMillen, a postdoctoral in the lab who worked on the study.

“One of the big questions in biology is how tissue shape forms,” McMillen said.

Research in the field of cellular segmentation has been going at Yale for 15 years, and scientists have worked with both mice and zebrafish embryos, Holley said.

However, the lab has recently discovered a pattern in the ways cells communicate while in the embryo. This discovery could help researchers understand the construction of the structures that become the vertebral column and skeletal muscles.

The new discovery focuses on

what McMillen describes as “a very important protein for a very important process.” Researchers observed a discrepancy in how strongly cells stick to each other, and found that this discrepancy correlates to different levels of the protein cadherin. They observed segmented boundaries in the somites that would eventually take the shape of vertebrae, and noted that the boundaries only occurred when two different cell types — one with the cadherin protein and one without — were next to each other, he added.

Like oil and water, cells with a lot of the cadherin protein separate from cells that lacked the protein. Holley observed a sawtooth shape, which described different levels of cadherin protein. At the sharp, pointed tip of the saw-tooth shape, high levels of the cadherin protein were present, he said.

Holley pointed out that this separation occurred when a lot of cadherin was present, such as at the tip of the sawt o o t h , where there w a s

abundance of cells with and without protein. Segmentation was only possible at this location, and it was the only place future spinal structures were formed.

“At the top of the shark tooth, you have a lot of cells with the adhesion protein next to cells with very little of it,” Holley said.

The researchers have identified a correlation between spinal formation and the adhesion protein. In the past, it was unclear why the segmented boundaries occurred at specific places. However, scientists have now identified a marker that can demonstrate if the vertebrae is not forming

correctly, McMillan and Holley said.

“It is a privilege to be part of such a fantastic team, and to see how the vertebrate embryo decides where a boundary is not meant to form,” added Veena Chatti, a postgraduate associate of the Holley Lab. Their work may impact the treatment of diseases like scoliosis, which can cause S-shaped and C-shaped curves in the

spine, and often occur from improper cell formation. Scoliosis runs in families and mostly affects teenagers. Although scoliosis can be mild, braces and surgeries can be necessary for treating the condition. McMillen noted that the study, as well as future ones in the lab, will deal with other adhesion proteins.

The research will also help doctors, by creating new systems of genetic analyses to aid the tech-

niques they already use to treat and diagnose spinal conditions and defects.

The American Association of Neurological Surgeons asserts that scoliosis affects 2 to 3 percent of the U.S. population, or an estimated 6 million to 9 million people.

Contact ANDREW RUYS DE PEREZ at andrew.ruysdeperez@yale.edu .

SONIA RUIZ/CONTRIBUTING ILLUSTRATOR

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 11

“With love, you should go ahead and take the risk of getting hurt because love is an amazing feeling.” BRITNEY SPEARS AMERICAN SINGER

Girls at risk for autism more likely to respond to facial cues

BY ALESSANDRO BURATTI CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Increased attention to social stimuli by female infants at high risk for autism might explain why girls are four times less likely to be diagnosed with autism than boys.

Researchers at the Yale Child Study Center found that younger female siblings of children with autistic spectrum disorders naturally pay greater attention to social stimuli than their male counterparts. As siblings of those with autism, these infants are more likely to be diagnosed with autism themselves. The findings suggest that this social-orienting advantage might act as a protective factor for high-risk females, alleviating those symptoms typically associated with ASD. The study was published in the Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry on Dec. 17, 2015.

“Recently there has been a major effort in the field of autism research to investigate a host of topics involving gender,” said Suzanne Macari, an associate research scientist in the Child Study Center. “These include the notion that there is a somewhat altered profile of symptoms in females with the disorder. The mechanisms [at work, though,] are largely unknown, so studying girls at high risk for ASD was a logical next step.”

For the experiment, lead author Katarzyna Chawarska GRD ’00, a professor in the Child Study Center, and her team put together a high-risk population and a lowrisk population: samples of 101 siblings of children with ASD and 61 infants with no family history — all of whom participated in the study at six, nine and 12 months.

Caroline Robertson, junior fellow at the Harvard Society of Fellows and expert on the dynamics of visual perception in autism, noted that the study was “particularly impressive” for following the subjects’ trajectory over time.

The participants were presented with a video specifically designed to stimulate their visual attention and to assess their

response to social interactions. The video featured a woman surrounded by toys, who alternated between child-directed speech and facial and affective cues, causing frequent gaze shifts that were then recorded by an eye-tracking system.

“There are very few groups using eye tracking in infants at high risk for autism this young, and looking at sex differences in this population using eye tracking is very unique,” Child Study Center professor Frederick Shic GRD ’08 said.

After the experiment, Chawarska and her team conducted a statistical analysis to compare the amount of time the infants spent attending to the social scenes.

“The most striking finding was that female infants at risk [exhibited greater attention to the speaker’s face] compared to both high-risk boys and girls who are not at risk for ASD. This means that in early infancy, girls work harder than others at trying to learn from their ambient social environment,” Chawarska explained.

The underlying processes that allow females to outperform males in terms of selective social attention, however, remain unknown.

According to Doctor Chawarska, the future of sex-related research on autism is trying to understand the mechanism that makes some children look at important social events more than others.

“We are now planning a study that will … allow us to evaluate if boys and girls with ASD show any differences in how these mechanisms unfold in infancy and if they are related to their later outcomes in terms of symptom severity and levels of social functioning,” Chawarska said.

The ultimate goal for autism research, according to Chawarska, is to be able to improve selective attention in both infants at risk for autism and in toddlers who have already been diagnosed with ASD. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 1 in 68 children is diagnosed with ASD. Contact ALESSANDRO BURATTI at alessandro.buratti@yale.edu .

YANNA LEE/STAFF ILLUSTRATOR

In obese men with BED, pain correlated with binges

BY GRACE CASTILLO STAFF REPORTER A new Yale study has helped explain the role of pain in obese patients suffering from Binge Eating Disorder.

Researchers examined 152 obese patients who were seeking treatment for BED and evaluated their pain levels, depression levels, binging habits and metabolic risk factors.

Using statistical analysis, the researchers concluded that even though female patients experienced more pain distinct from BED overall than male patients, greater pain levels only correlated with increased binge frequency in men, not women. The study’s findings could have implications for clinical practices. Since increased physical pain in men is associated with more frequent binges, physicians may choose to provide extra screening or counseling to men who fall into this higher risk group.

It could point to interventions centered on alleviating pain,

according to the researchers.

“Like many other studies, with different samples, we found that women with BED reported more pain than men,” said Robin Masheb, the study’s lead author and a researcher at the Yale School of Medicine.

“The really surprising finding though, was that pain was associated with more frequent binge eating in men but not women.”

Researchers employed the “Brief Pain Inventory,” a standardized measure of pain, to test patients’ levels of distress. They also asked patients about the frequency and duration of their binges and measured patients’ metabolic risk factors, such as cholesterol levels, triglyceride levels and waist circumference. The researchers also controlled for depressive symptoms — which are frequently associated with greater pain levels — using the Beck Depression Inventory.

After taking all these factors into account, the study authors were able to pinpoint differ-

ences in how pain in men and women correlated with binge frequency.

According to the paper, obesity is one of the greatest contributors to chronic pain.

Excess weight strains the musculoskeletal system, which can result in back pain, headaches and soreness after walking. The paper also referred to previous epidemiological studies which have established that women are more likely than men to experience more severe and frequent pain as well as chronic pain.

According to National Eating Disorders’ Association, BED was first officially recognized in the DSM V, a diagnostic manual of disorders released in May 2013. Masheb noted that no previous research had been done about the role of pain in BED. Masheb, who was trained as a clinical health psychologist and had interests in both eating behavior and pain, said the study was a natural extension of her previous interests.

BED is a serious illness char-

acterized by regular episodes of eating unusually large amounts of food accompanied by feeling out of control, Masheb said. In order to fit the official diagnosis, binges must occur at least once per week for a period of at least three months.

Marc Potenza GRD ’93 MED ’94, a professor of psychiatry at the Yale School of Medicine who was not affiliated with the study, noted that there are

some “similarities between [BED] and other conditions characterized by poor impulse control or addictive tendencies.” He added that, like individuals who struggle with gambling problems, alcoholism and regular tobacco consumption, individuals suffering from BED show a muted neural response when anticipating monetary reward.

BED also carries a social

stigma, according to NEDA. But BED is a treatable illness, and common interventions include some antidepressants, cognitive behavior therapy and a regimented schedule of meals.

According to NEDA, up to 3 percent of Americans have suffered from BED at some point.

Contact GRACE CASTILLO at grace.castillo@yale.edu .

CATHERINE YANG/STAFF ILLUSTRATOR

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YALE MEN’S BASKETBALL TOP 25 RECOGNITION The Bulldogs, in the midst of a 12-game winning streak which is the secondlongest active stretch in all of Division I men’s basketball, received three votes in this week’s AP Top 25 National Poll. Yale, currently in first place in the Ivy League, is ranked 41st in the poll.

CRAIG BRESLOW ’02 RELIEVER INKS DEAL WITH MIAMI The former Yale baseball star signed a minor league deal with the Marlins on Monday. If he were to make the big league club, Miami would be his seventh MLB team in 12 seasons. Breslow played a critical role for the Red Sox in Boston’s 2013 World Series title.

NCAAW S. Carolina 62 Tennessee 56

“The team as a whole is moving in a better direction than last year.”

BRENDAN SULLIVAN ’16 MEN’S TRACK AND FIELD YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

Injury-riddled Elis fall at ECACs MEN’S TENNIS

Records continuing to fall for track and field

BY SEBASTIAN KUPCHAUNIS CONTRIBUTING REPORTER The Yale men’s and women’s track and field teams traveled to Boston University this weekend to compete at the Valentine Invitational. The meet, which was the last unscored competition of the Bulldogs’ 2015–16 indoor season, gave Yale athletes a chance to qualify for the women’s ECAC and men’s IC4A regional championships next month, while also serving as a final tune-up before the highly anticipated Ivy League Heptagonal Championships in just two short weeks.

TRACK AND FIELD Perhaps most notably, the weekend’s competition allowed the Bulldogs to showcase their improvement as a program this season: Four new school records were set on Saturday, continuing

an astounding trend. Including this past weekend’s performance, the two Yale track and field teams have now broken school records seven times in three weeks.

“These athletes have been close to breaking these records for a while now,” men’s captain and pole vaulter Brendan Sullivan ’16 said. “A lot of people are peaking now, which bodes well given that Heps is less than two weeks away.”

Contributors to this historic run include repeat offenders Sullivan and Frances Schmiede ’17, who had broken the school record in pole vault and the mile, respectively, at the H-Y-P meet on Jan. 29 and beat their own marks this past weekend. James Randon ’17 also broke the Yale record in the men’s mile, and Austin Laut ’19 and Connor Hill ’19 added new freshman bests in the pole vault SEE TRACK PAGE 8

JACOB MITCHELL/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Yale’s four-game win streak was snapped by a pair of defeats against Harvard and St. John’s this past weekend.

BY MATTHEW STOCK CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Entering the weekend on a four-match winning streak, the Yale men’s tennis team came away empty-handed after two lopsided defeats in the ECAC Indoor Championship Tournament hosted by Penn.

The injury-burdened Elis opened the tournament with a 4–1 loss to Harvard on Friday before falling to St. John’s by the same margin on Saturday. Competing without a pair of its top players — Tyler Lu

’17 is out for the season while Ziqi Wang ’18 said he hopes to return in the coming weeks — the Bulldogs entered the weekend fighting an uphill battle, and their tournament results demonstrated as much.

“We played okay but were a bit overmatched by our opponents,” captain Jason Brown ’16 said. “We are looking forward to regrouping and playing better next weekend.”

In the team’s openinground match against the topseeded Crimson, which finished third in the eight-team tournament, Yale’s lone sin-

gles victory came in the No. 4 singles match, when Fedor Andrienko ’18 defeated Harvard’s Andy Zhou in straight sets, 6–3, 6–0. Though Martin Svenning ’16 and Photos Photiades ’17 earned a doubles victory in their first match playing together this season, the Crimson, ranked 32nd in the nation, secured the doubles point by defeating Yale in the two other doubles matches 6–2, 6–3.

Against St. John’s, it was Andrienko again who picked up Yale’s lone point of the day. The Moscow native topped the Red Storm’s Dusan Vukicevic 6–3,

Amos ’16 clinches Yale victory

BY HOPE ALLCHIN AND MAYA SWEEDLER STAFF REPORTERS In its first home weekend of the spring season, the Yale women’s tennis team split a pair of matches, falling 6–1 to No. 65 Syracuse on Friday before beating Boston University 4–3 the following day for its first dual match victory of the season.

WOMEN’S TENNIS Tina Jiang ’17, who played in the No. 2 singles spot, picked

up the Elis’ lone point against Syracuse, a team that entered the weekend undefeated.

Though opponent Valeria Salazar took her to three sets, Jiang gritted out a 7–5, 3–6, 6–3 win.

“It was a huge win because she won the first set and lost the second, but came back in the third and finished,” captain Ree Ree Li ’16 said of Jiang’s match. “That was an incredible match for us to watch and to see her fight and toughness.”

Fellow Bulldog Madeleine Hamilton ’16 fell in straight

6–0 to move his dual match record to 6–1 for the Elis.

Svenning won Yale’s only other set on Saturday, earning a 7–6 first-set victory in the No. 1 singles match. However, his match was unfinished as St. John’s had already clinched the victory with four points elsewhere. Alex Hagermoser ’17 also performed well, as he was up 6–5 in the second set against Lucas Hejhal, the 92nd-ranked player in the country, before their match was also cut short.

SEE MEN’S TENNIS PAGE 8

BRIANNA LOO/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

Yale athletes said their record-breaking performances thus far bode well for the future of the program.

’Dogs led by new bite in 2015–16

sets to Anna Shkudun, the No. 43 Division I player in the nation, in the No. 1 singles match. The women playing the No. 3 through 7 slots also fell to their Orange counterparts, though two — Amy Yang ’19 and Caroline Lynch ’17 — forced their opponents to win seven games to take a set.

In the final singles match on Friday, Sonal Shrivastava ’19 defeated Syracuse’s Olivia Messineo in the No. 8 slot.

Although the freshman’s 6–2, SEE W. TENNIS PAGE 8

ROBBIE SHORT/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Captain and forward Janelle Ferrara ’16 has scored 11 goals this season.

GRAHAM HARBOE/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

While Yale failed to capture the doubles point against Syracuse, it swept BU on Saturday in doubles.

STAT OF THE DAY 7

BY NICOLE WELLS STAFF REPORTER

first-round berth from 2014–15 without the same stalwart in net.

When goaltender Jaimie Leonoff ’15 graduated from the Yale women’s hockey team last season after posting the secondbest career save percentage in Yale history, questions loomed about whether this year’s Bulldogs would be able to match, or surpass, their ECAC Hockey

WOMEN’S HOCKEY A year later, the Elis (10–16–1, 9–10–1 ECAC Hockey) — though unable to achieve their goal of a top-four finish and first-round tournament bye in the conference — are still hanging onto a potential postseason bid at eighth

place in the ECAC, which they can keep with a strong performance this weekend. A large part of that chance can be attributed to two performers on the offensive side of the ice that, until this year, had not established themselves as statistical leaders for the Bulldogs.

Captain and forward Janelle SEE W. HOCKEY PAGE 8

THE NUMBER OF TIMES A YALE SCHOOL OR FRESHMAN RECORD HAS BEEN BROKEN BY THE YALE MEN’S AND WOMEN’S TRACK AND FIELD TEAMS OVER THE PAST THREE WEEKS. Among the new record-holders are pole vaulter Brendan Sullivan ’16 and miler Frances Schmiede ’17.