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NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2016 · VOL. CXXXVIII, NO. 90 · yaledailynews.com

INSIDE THE NEWS MORNING EVENING

CLOUDY SNOWY

38 35

CROSS CAMPUS

WHAT’S 4 DINNER INVESTIGATING A 1951 SUPPER

GUEST SWIPE

THE GOOD LIFE

Little success for lunch program meant to link Yale, Yale-NUS students

TALK EXPLORES THE ELEMENTS OF FULFILLMENT

PAGES 10–11 SCI-TECH

PAGE 3 UNIVERSITY

PAGE 5 UNIVERSITY

Town hall addresses staff diversity

What happens in Vegas.

After Hillary Clinton LAW ’73 took the Nevada Democratic Caucus over the weekend, the Republican candidates will compete in the state today.

Former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney took the Silver State in both 2008 and 2012.

According to FiveThirtyEight’s predictions, Donald Trump has a 78 percent chance of winning in Nevada.

Elis and allies. In an interview with Outsports, a magazine covering LGBT issues in sports, Stefan Palios ’14 — a former member of the Yale men’s track and field team — said, “Being an athlete taught me a lesson about being gay … It’s about fitting into a team environment, but you get to choose how you fit in that environment.” Palios was co-president of Athletes and Allies at Yale.

Homebound. Last week,

Connecticut became the second state, after Virginia, to successfully end homelessness for its veterans. The Department of Housing and Urban Development confirmed Connecticut’s status to Gov. Dannel Malloy. The criteria a state must meet to achieve this status include having more veterans exiting homelessness than entering it.

Moving forward. Harvard

appointed Michelle Williams, a black woman, to the deanship of the Chan School of Public Health yesterday. Williams will be the first black female dean at the country’s oldest university. Williams, who will assume her new role in July, is the chair of the epidemiology department and a professor of public health at the school.

Après-Box 63. Tomatillo is now open until 3 a.m. on weekends. The restaurant’s new hours match those of competitor Salsa Fresca across the street. Tomatillo, however, is just a bit closer to Box 63 American Bar & Grill — a popular final destination on Friday and Saturday nights.

Take me out to the bald game. The pair of bald eagles

spotted in New Haven earlier this month has been scouting out locations to build a nest, and one of the options is on campus. The eagles built a nest on a light pole at Yale Field, where the baseball team plays.

Take the Red Bull by its horns.

Dillon Miller ’18 and Jordan Schroeder ’16 have formed “RedBulldogs” — a team representing Yale in “Red Bull Can You Make It?” which challenges students to travel across Europe in seven days using only cans of Red Bull.

With enough online votes, RedBulldogs will advance to the final round and compete.

THIS DAY IN YALE HISTORY

1878 Students protest faculty sanctions to ban “bangers” and “processions” in celebration of former President George Washington’s birthday.

Follow along for the News’ latest.

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MYFITNESSPAL New program matches non-athletes with athletes for workout tips PAGE 12 SPORTS

Alumni donating hits new low

BY DAVID SHIMER AND JON VICTOR STAFF REPORTERS

and historically underrepresented minorities make up nearly 30 percent.

“Students have permission to push buttons, but staff members don’t have the same role,” Elysa Bryant, an assistant administrator of human resources at the Law School, told the News. “It is not a safe thing for a staff member to do.

We have to find a way to ensure that staff members can talk about these issues while being safe.”

Panelists included Deputy Pro-

While the number of alumni from whom the University solicits donations continues to increase, fewer donated last year than in any year in the past two decades.

In keeping with a national trend, alumni donations to the University, and specifically Yale College, have been steadily decreasing both in total number of donors and percent participating, according to a report from the Office of Institutional Research. In 1994– 95, nearly 50 percent of solicited Yale College alumni gave back to the University. But alumni participation has decreased markedly since then, bottoming out at 33.7 percent last year. At the same time, the number of solicited alumni — roughly a measure of all living graduates the University can reach — has increased steadily to more than 73,000.

Still, University administrators were not alarmed by the downward trend, saying total dollars raised by the University have dramatically increased over the past 20 years. Yale’s alumni participation remains above or on par with other Ivy League institutions, excluding Dartmouth College and Princeton University.

University President Peter Salovey, as well as several alumni interviewed, said that at present, Yale must compete harder for alumni dollars given the number of philanthropic options

SEE DIVERSITY PAGE 4

SEE DONATIONS PAGE 6

DENIZ SAIP/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Administrators hosted a town hall to discuss diversity in the workplace at Yale.

BY VICTOR WANG STAFF REPORTER Administrators addressed the issue of diversity and inclusion for the University’s employees, particularly staff members, at a Monday town hall meeting hosted by the Yale LGBTQ Affinity Group.

Roughly 50 attendees, mostly staff members, met with administrators to discuss diversity in the broader Yale community and speak about how student activism last fall surrounding racial justice may translate to the workplace. Attend-

ees and panelists addressed staff members’ lack of visibility and voice in such discussions on campus, and brainstormed ways to bring together different diversity resources and initiatives that are currently spread across campus. They also noted that staff members — who work in areas such as human resources or bookkeeping and do not have the same job security as faculty members — may not feel comfortable speaking out about problems with diversity outside of events like Monday’s.

Women make up more than 60 percent of the University’s staff,

Malloy supports female inmates

BY JIAHUI HU STAFF REPORTER Gov. Dannel Malloy’s Second Chance Society — a collection of programs and legislation to reduce incarceration and decrease crime — advanced this month with the opening of the state’s first reintegration program for women.

Malloy announced the creation of the reintegration program, which began Feb. 1 at the York Correctional Institute, last week. The program accommodates up to 68 inmates and now provides 56 offenders with a full schedule of activities to acclimate them to civilian life, such as trauma counseling, job training and yoga, said Karen Martucci, director of external affairs for the Connecticut Department of Corrections.

She added that programming, which can last for weeks, months or even years before release, aims to reduce the state’s recidivism rate. According to a 2012 study from the state Department of Correction, 79 percent of inmates were rearrested within five years of their release and 50 percent returned to prison with a new sentence.

“Most of the ladies said this wasn’t their first time in jail, but they really felt that they had a chance and that people were rallying around them,” Martucci said. “Of course it has only been a couple of weeks in, but if you have already impacted the way they feel then you’re halfway there.”

Though Martucci witnessed immediate emotional gains in the inmates, data regarding the success of the program in preventing recidivism will not be definitive for another three years — the time span during which most recidivism occurs, Martucci said. She added that the programming also aims to decrease the number of women incarcerated, which has remained constant at 430 inmates in the state while male incarceration has decreased over the past several years.

The York Reintegration Center is the third such program that Malloy has launched since he took office. In April 2015, the state launched the Cybulski Community Reintegration Center at the all-men WillardCybulski Correctional Institute in Enfield, Connecticut. Seven months later, Malloy announced the creation of a reintegration SEE RECIDIVISM PAGE 4

No Closed Doors to welcome more clients

BY RACHEL TREISMAN STAFF REPORTER After a brief shutdown, student service organization No Closed Doors reopened last semester at a new location. But with spring on the horizon, the student-run nonprofit is pursuing new goals.

NCD, an organization that helps Greater New Haven residents apply for jobs and welfare, is working to grow its base of clients and maintain connections with former clients in order to build a robust database about the experiences of those who use the service. NCD Employment Director Katie Watson ’18 said the eventual aim for this database is to log the number and type of jobs and interviews past clients have secured. Analyzing this data, she said, will enable the group to know if the service model needs to be tweaked. But above all, NCD hopes to provide long-term support for those who have benefited from the organization’s help in the past.

“Building relationships is always desirable as it allows us SEE NONPROFIT PAGE 6

JULIA HENRY/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

No Closed Doors now shares office space on Whitney Avenue with New Haven Works.

Scholarships fund Yale affiliates’ degrees

BY JOEY YE STAFF REPORTER Current students are not the only women in the Yale community looking to pursue a degree.

Each year, the Yale University Women’s Organization — a group founded in 1965 to serve women affiliated with the University — awards roughly a half-dozen scholarships to women associated with the Yale community, such as bookkeepers, human resource specialists and other employees in the University’s administrative staff, to pursue degrees at their chosen institute of higher edu-

cation. Specifically, the scholarship caters to those whose formal education has been interrupted or delayed and wish to resume their studies and further their career pursuits. The scholarship program, which was created in 1972 — just three years after Yale College itself first began admitting female students — has provided 328 scholarships, totaling $365,675, over the past four decades to help women in the University community return to their educations at any institution. The most recent application cycle closed last Monday.

“I’m a strong believer that everyone should pursue their dreams,

and going back to school was a great learning experience,” said Katrina Sikorski, a previous scholarship recipient who works in human resources operations. “The scholarship really makes that dream a reality, and I got a lot more value in going back to school this time around rather than having come straight out of high school.”

The YUWO scholarship program is divided into four funds, with three named after former YUWO members and the last called the Scholarship Trust Fund, which was established to SEE YUWO PAGE 6

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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

OPINION

.COMMENT “Perhaps people are tired of having the media set the narrative for yaledailynews.com/opinion

every election”

On collective memory D I

was thinking about GHeav the other day. And I was thinking about the possibility that there will be a time sometime soon when people will not think about GHeav, and will instead think about Good Nature Market, or “Natty G,” as I hear some of the kids are already calling it these days.

Some say that GHeav, the concept, is kept alive among the ranks of FroCos, but I have little faith that FroCos will be able to protect this nomenclature forever. One day, the generation raised on Natty G will be FroCos. In moments like these, I wonder how it is that I haven’t even left this place yet, and still it is changing before my eyes.

One could point to many such changes. With the Schwarzman Center, we know that our collective memory is being tampered with as we are asked to associate old experiences with new names and new spaces. All in good time. We will drag our feet, perhaps, but we will acquiesce, be bought — whichever way you want to view it.

SOME SAY THAT GHEAV, THE CONCEPT, IS KEPT ALIVE AMONG THE RANKS OF FROCOS, BUT I HAVE LITTLE FAITH THAT FROCOS WILL BE ABLE TO PROTECT THIS NOMENCLATURE FOREVER On some occasions, there is considerable administrative effort behind these changes.

When the not-so-safe Safety Dance — historically held in Commons — was disbanded, some body of collective memory reminded us that Silliman had for time immemorial hosted a boom-andbust cycle of raucous dances, Safety Dance being only the most recent iteration. We can only hope that a spandex-clad phoenix will once again rise, this time from the ashes of Silliman Screw.

So I learned early on in my career as a Yale student that enduring traditions do not necessarily endure forever. A lesson: Never invest in a costume expecting that you’ll be able to wear it to the same party the following year.

For me, the slight altera-

tions that don’t quite register are the tricky aspects of academic m e m o r y.

The more I CAROLINE stop to consider it, SYDNEY the more I notice that Selfthere are a horde of litabsorbed tle things that make me wonder if this whole place and everything it holds might be a three-and-a-half-yearold illusion: the theme party added or taken off the calendar, new additions to the DS syllabus, the discovery of eggplant fries at Alpha Delta, Uber in Connecticut (how soon before we forget that all you need is seven?). So it seems anything, significant or insignificant, can acquire a patina of ancient tradition, or be tossed to oblivion within the span of four years.

But I’ve also learned that more often than not, when collective memory is at play, we have far more control than Yale does over what lives on as tradition and what goes by the wayside.

How many booths at the activities bazaar will be wiped out in the next four years; how many new ones will emerge from the minds of all those STEM geniuses that will soon populate the new residential colleges? Ultimately, we are the arbiters of Yale’s memories and Yale’s traditions.

I find that legacy is a silly and pompous word that sounds too much like death and selfimportance. So I’m not thinking about “leaving a legacy,” but rather about setting precedents — about what it means to edit a publication, or lead a tour at the art gallery or regularly write a column that’s only really about something on a very irregular basis.

Given the weight of this institution, it may seem like precedent setting is nothing but background noise. When I arrived at Yale, I was not thinking about how I could change this place that both welcomed and intimidated me. Instead, I wondered how it would shape the person I am now. But Yale is more than an inflexible mold.

There’s no futility in setting precedents when at least a quarter of undergraduates will probably accept them as traditions. Nothing is static by virtue of Yellin gates and ivy alone.

I get to decide — and so do you — what things change and what things stay the same in the cycle of collective memory.

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COPYRIGHT 2016 — VOL. CXXXVIII, NO. 90

Democracy now

onald Trump and Bernie Sanders’ supporters are telling us something. Neither candidate’s success really has very much to do with border walls, free college or bad haircuts.

Rather, their rise in the polls represents an open rebellion against political parties that repeatedly thumb their noses at grassroots activists and working people, and instead allow wealthy financiers, elite Beltway insiders and entrenched politicians to stack the deck for chosen candidates. In 2014, for example, only three incumbent members of Congress — out of 535! — lost their primary elections.

Party endorsements controlled by insiders, leadership PACs that raise money for chosen candidates and other backroom chicanery ensure that party insiders’ preferred candidate is assured nomination even before most voters learn there’s a race.

To the party bosses, it’s their election — we just vote in it.

I love Hillary, and may vote for her over Bernie, but it nauseates me that she became the consensus pick of the Democratic financial and political elite without a national conversation or any consideration of other, real choices.

Now, millions of Americans from both parties, tired of a system that goes over their heads to select nominees, are fighting back by supporting Trump and Sanders. We know that if regular people don’t have a voice in choosing our candidates, those candidates won’t be accountable

to our concerns when t h e y ’ r e elected.

But it doesn’t have to be that way. For years, FISH STARK public financing of campaigns in Elm City Connecticut emphasis — and particularly New Haven — has helped grassroots, citizen-driven campaigns beat party elites. We should look to these programs for ways to empower American voters — and we should continue to build on these programs to make them stronger.

The state’s public-financing program provides substantial block grants to candidates who raise enough money in donations under $100 — and New Haven politicians have put it to good use. In 2008, a young activist named Gary Holder-Winfield used public financing to beat a party-endorsed alder in a primary for State Representative. In 2010, Alderman Roland Lemar, running for state representative, used public financing to triumph by nearly 30 percent over a wealthy opponent who spent over $40,000 of her own money on the campaign.

But even more exciting — and entirely unique to New Haven — is a long-standing experiment in Connecticut municipal politics: the Democracy Fund. The nonpartisan board, chaired by Jared Milfred ’16, provides block grants

and matching funds to mayoral candidates who refuse PAC donations, set strict contribution limits and raise thousands of dollars from small, local donors.

In 2013, that system allowed Hillhouse High School principal Kermit Carolina to run a credible campaign for mayor funded by small-dollar donations from Dixwell and Newhallville, two of New Haven’s economically struggling neighborhoods. In a race where the leading candidates hailed from wealthy enclaves like East Rock and Westville, the $30,000 Carolina received from the Democracy Fund ensured that voices from otherwise marginalized neighborhoods were heard.

That same election, Alder Justin Elicker FES ’10 SOM ’10 ran a close race without raising any money from PACs, lobbyists or donations over $370, and raising the vast majority of his money locally — despite the fact that his opponent, then-state Sen. Toni Harp ARC ’78, had the local party’s support and outspent him two to one. The $55,000 in Democracy Fund block grants and matching funds helped Elicker spread his clean-money message around New Haven.

The future of the Democracy Fund was discussed at a City Hall event last week. Harp expressed her support for the fund, Milfred proposed expanding its reach to citywide races for Board of Education and city clerk (which were barely contested in 2015) and Ugonna Eze ’16 proposed that the fund also be expanded to cover alder races.

Opponents of expanding the fund, including several alders, say they’re not opposed to public financing, but don’t think it’s worth the expense. I applaud fiscal responsibility, but in this case I disagree. The less power special interests, developers and wealthy donors have, the less money we’ll waste on pay-to-play giveaways. (It’s no coincidence that when New Haven spent $1.5 billion on school construction projects, contributions from construction companies flooded Mayor John DeStefano’s campaign coffers.) Public financing would allow more regular, working New Haveners — who do not have thousands of dollars lying around — to run a winning campaign without turning to powerful interest groups. Having a Board of Alders that is truly representative of the community it serves is worth spending money for.

New Haven should follow Milfred’s suggestions and expand this incredible program that empowers small donors and grassroots candidates.

And people around the country who feel tricked and alienated by the political process — so much so that they’re rallying around two old men with weird hair and fringe policies — should advocate for public-financing programs, like New Haven’s, that give citizens, not party elites, more power to choose their representatives.

FISH STARK is a junior in Jonathan Edwards College. His column runs on alternate Tuesdays. Contact him at fortney.stark@yale.edu .

AYDIN AKYOL/STAFF ILLUSTRATOR

CAROLINE SYDNEY is a senior in Silliman College. Her column runs on alternate Tuesdays.

Contact her at caroline.sydney@yale.edu .

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'15GLADYSKRAVITZ' ON 'DASHAN: WHY NOT TRUMP?'

GUE ST COLUMNIST GABBY DEUTCH

A space to empower M

any of my most meaningful memories have occurred in single-gender spaces. I spent eight summers attending a typical sleepaway summer camp. For two months each year, I lived in a cabin with 15 other girls, and I spent pretty much all my time with them.

During the past two summers, in my time as a counselor there, the staff has — rightfully so — begun to discuss the problems with this inherently gender-divided place.

In spite of these problems, it was with the support of my female cabinmates that I felt encouraged to play a pickup game of basketball, pitch a tent for the first time and have difficult conversations about love, loss and life.

When I came to Yale a year and a half ago, I found myself missing these types of deep friendships.

They likely were a product of the isolation of rural north Georgia and the absurdly close quarters of our living space no bigger than a L-Dub dorm room. But more generally, these relationships stemmed from the sense of empowerment I gained from spending my time with girls — women now — whose well-being and interests aligned so closely with my own. I quickly noticed

that friendships at Yale coalesced around multiple types of student organizations: a cappella groups, dance troupes, residential-college councils and, of course, Greek life. I chose not to join any such groups freshman year — due in part to a total lack of musical talent — but also because of the hope that another all-female space might come to fill the place my former camp has always held in my heart.

A recent op-ed in the News argued that “separate is unequal” (“Separate is unequal”, Feb. 16) when it comes to the realm of gender spaces at Yale. I’m not sure I agree. When fraternities or all-male organizations hold parties, they do maintain a certain degree of power in those spaces, and that may be inherently unfair.

But I would be remiss not to bring up the other venues that can positively empower certain groups at Yale. Female-only organizations play a crucial role in bringing women together, conferring values of acceptance and giving women the tools to overcome gender discrimination. For women — only able to attend Yale College for 47 of its 315 years — the solution is not simply making the formerly male-dominated

spaces coed. Rather than celebrating what women can uniquely bring to this University, forcing women to join such male-dominated spaces as fraternities would only signal an acceptance of these antiquated norms — not a challenge to them. Prioritizing allfemale organizations can lead to a better social climate for the University as a whole.

Just over a year ago, I was invited to a “Galentine’s Day” party by a friend who has spearheaded the creation of an informal women’s empowerment group.

There were about 15 of us, and we spent an hour eating Claire’s cake, navigating the difficulties of relationships at Yale and ultimately challenging each other to put our happiness and safety above all else. I’ve spent every Thursday night since then surrounded by kind, patient women who encourage me to go to office hours or tell a pushy guy at a party to back off — in other words, we help each other speak up, which can often be too difficult and dangerous for women. Some of these women are my best friends; others attend only one evening — in need of love or encouragement or friendship — and I never see them again.

Supporting gender-specific

spaces might seem counter to progressive attitudes on campus that seek to strike down double standards. But the empowerment of women does not have to be in opposition to important notions of gender equality. I wholeheartedly agree that for too long, Yale and its associated social spaces have been for men only, perpetuating the inequality that has persisted for generations. But we must acknowledge that until such entities are abolished entirely, we should accept — and even cherish — female-only spaces. There’s a certain type of support that can only come from others who have also been groped at Toad’s, those who may have felt a professor did not take her seriously or others who simply seek the natural companionship that comes from the shared experience of identifying as a woman. What’s best for women at Yale is not bringing them into the “boys’ clubs” that unfairly run this institution.

Instead, let’s continue to grow the “girls’ clubs” that bring us together and allow us to carve out our own place at this University.

GABBY DEUTCH is a sophomore in Branford College. Contact her at gabrielle.deutch@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 3

NEWS

“A gourmet meal without a glass of wine just seems tragic to me somehow.”

KATHY MATTEA AMERICAN COUNTRY MUSIC AND BLUEGRASS PERFORMER

CORRECTIONS

Yale, Yale-NUS bonding meals attract few

MONDAY, FEB. 22

The article “Polak: the man behind the money” misstated that the endowment and budget dropped considerably in 2012; in fact, the year was 2009.

The article “NHPD promotes first Black female captain” misspelled the name of NHPD Assistant Chief Denise Blanchard.

Nemerson talks local govt. careers

BY JAMES POST STAFF REPORTER Matthew Nemerson SOM ’81, New Haven economic development administrator, urged the Yale Democrats to pursue a career in local government at a small talk Monday in the Branford College common room.

Nemerson remarked that he has been interested in government and politics since elementary school, when he campaigned for former New York Sen. Robert Kennedy and former Connecticut Gov. Ella Grasso. In the 1990s, Nemerson served as the president of the Greater New Haven Chamber of Commerce and was the president and CEO of the Connecticut Technology Council before Mayor Toni Harp named him to his current position in 2013. Nemerson said the city needs bright young people to help solve the complex economic problems that modern cities face. He said that in addition to adding value to the operations of a city, working in local government can be personally rewarding.

“There are lots of fascinating jobs out there,” said Nemerson, who has lived and worked in the New Haven area for most of his life.

“But when you’re actually working for your hometown, there’s nothing like it because if you do a good job, you feel really good about it.”

Nemerson emphasized the diversity of tasks he faces each day, from meeting with the mayor to courting potential city developers. He noted that he also has to address staff issues as part of his role. He gave the example of balancing the need to fire a government worker who is unproductive with the importance of respecting union demands.

Nemerson did not hesitate to acknowledge the difficulties city government officials face, such as federal and state restrictions on spending and demanding local citizens. Nemerson noted that he and his colleagues are often placed under close scrutiny by the New Haven Board of Alders and reporters who are eager to hold them to account.

“We have to deal with this very real world,” Nemerson said.

“There’s no magic. It has to actually work … In government, there’s very little room to make an error.”

But in federal government work, Nemerson said, there is much greater room for error. While the federal government deals with more abstract aspects of government — such as tax and marriage laws — local government has to

manage important yet unglamorous aspects of day-to-day life in a city.

Directing building permits, maintaining a law enforcement system and keeping the streets clean are these are the key roles of city government, Nemerson said.

“It’s clear that the federal government is broken; we can’t afford to be broken,” Nemerson said. “[City government officials] have to get up every morning and have to run a place where people actually want to live.”

Nemerson said most of the work he has recently done involves real estate development, including the construction of several luxury apartments and affordable housing. But Nemerson said Harp has asked him to focus more on improving New Haven’s economy by attracting companies to the Elm City that will “grow here and hire people.” Just last month, Alexion — a pharmaceutical company specializing in treating rare disorders — relocated to 100 College St., bringing 200 employees with it.

Nemerson said the city particularly aims to attract manufacturing companies that will offer a plentiful supply of jobs to local residents. Nemerson acknowledged the increasing difficulty of this task given the large number of companies leaving the Northeast to relocate to less expensive locations in the South and abroad.

Nemerson emphasized the obligation of the current generation of college students to address these problems.

“We need great people in government, and we need people who can wrestle with these issues,” Nemerson said. “These are complicated issues, and they’re only going to become more complicated.”

Nicholas Girard ’19 said the talk gave them a new perspective on local government.

Michelle Peng ’19 said she found the opportunity to learn more about New Haven government’s operations particularly compelling.

“I thought it was a really interesting look into local New Haven government,” she said. “It’s not a perspective that we see a lot as Yale students.”

Recently completed development projects by the city of New Haven include the Quinnipiac Terrace Revitalization, the William T. Rowe Residences Redevelopment and Science Park, Tract A. Contact JAMES POST at james.post@yale.edu .

BY QI XU STAFF REPORTER An initiative meant to pair Yale undergraduates with YaleNUS exchange students over meals has seen little interest.

“Yale Meets Yale-NUS” allows undergraduates to sign up for meals with Yale-NUS students on exchange in New Haven and learn through casual conversations about the lives of their peers in Singapore. The program was modeled after the YalePlus lunch tag system — which paired Yale students to meet and bond over meals — that has since been adapted at Yale-NUS. Anna Evtushenko YNUS ’17, an exchange student who initiated the program, said she had expected all 24 YaleNUS exchange students on campus this semester to sign up and at least 100 responses from the Yale community. But when registration ended last Thursday, she had received responses from only 10 YaleNUS students and around 20 Yalies.

Nevertheless, Evtushenko said the low participation was understandable and that she “wouldn’t consider the event a failure.”

“Any initiative that could bring Yale and Yale-NUS closer, we should implement it … I hope that through small acts such as this, we can foster partnership between the two institutions rather than a topdown structure,” she said.

Because many faculty members teaching at Yale-NUS have taught at Yale in the past, students in Singapore often talk about Yale amongst themselves, Evtushenko said. But in New Haven, although many students know that Yale-NUS exists, few know about what it is like studying and living at the young institution, she added.

Before launching the program, Evtushenko said, she had expected high enthusiasm from the Yale-NUS exchange students group, because she thought everyone would be interested in meeting more Yale students and spreading the word about Yale-NUS. Evtushenko said the lowerthan-expected participation rate could be due to the program’s relatively minimal publicity, which happened mainly through posters on campus and communication with the student group the Malaysian and Singaporean Association. The program is open to all students and faculty members.

Back at Yale-NUS, which sits on a much smaller campus, Evtushenko would be able to reach the entire student body by passing a dozen posters out, she added.

Still, Evtushenko added that the level of interest was understandable. The exchange students are often busier than Yale students, because in addition to academics, they have to figure out how to navigate Yale’s resources. Moreover, some are already interacting with Yale students on a daily basis and may not feel it is necessary to

QI XU/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

“Yale Meets Yale-NUS” saw little interest among both Yalies and Yale-NUS exchange students. sign up for structured meetings.

“It is not the primary way, but just a supplementary way, for Yalies who might not have the chance to interact with us otherwise to meet students from Yale-NUS,” Evtushenko said.

Zachary Mahon YNUS ’17, who signed up for the program and has several meals scheduled this week, said he considered the meals “informationsharing” opportunities. He added that based on his interaction with Yalies so far, he finds them interested in why Yale-NUS was founded, how it evolved and what the life of a foreigner living in Singapore is like.

People are especially interested in Yale-NUS’s interaction with the Singaporean government and life in Singapore, Evtushenko said. This topic

sparked huge debate in 2009 when Yale first announced its partnership to establish a liberal arts college in Singapore.

Several Yale faculty members openly opposed the partnership, arguing that the authoritarian Singaporean government often contradicts the values of a liberal arts education.

Mahon acknowledged that Yalies’ knowledge about YaleNUS often does not go beyond knowing of its existence. But he said this is reasonable, as life at Yale is hectic, and it is impossible to keep track of everything.

Three Yale students interviewed said they did not know much about Yale-NUS and would be interested in finding out more.

Anna Hill GRD ’21 said she has heard of the school, but that she does not know any-

thing other than its Singapore location. She had not heard of the “Yale Meets Yale-NUS” event, but said it is a good way to exchange ideas between both communities.

Anna Hwang ’19 said she only knows about Yale-NUS’s name and location. Like Hill, Hwang had not heard about the opportunity to meet Yale-NUS students over meals.

Hwang said she would be interested in learning about the curriculum at Yale-NUS, how the living environment differs from New Haven’s and whether international students experienced any cultural shock in Singapore.

Meals scheduled through “Yale Meets Yale-NUS” started last Sunday and will end on March 5.

Contact QI XU at qi.xu@yale.edu .

Women’s conference preps local students

BY MICHELLE LIU STAFF REPORTER This weekend, more than 60 aspiring female leaders will learn the ins-and-outs of networking and campaigning in the School of Management’s Evans Hall.

Organized by a team of SOM students, the first annual Yale

Young Women’s Leadership Launch conference will take place on Saturday, giving female New Haven high school students the opportunity to participate in a series of sessions focusing on career tracks for future CEOs, lawyers, scientists and engineers. These hands-on tracks will be supplemented with several

ROBBIE SHORT/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Yale SOM students will launch the Young Women’s Leadership Launch conference on Saturday.

speakers, including Connecticut Rep. Elizabeth Esty. The conference aims to expose the students to these leadership positions and provide them with resources to climb career ladders, said YWLL Founder and Co-Director Angelina Cardona SOM ’16.

“I want everyone walking away from Evans Hall that day to feel like they can literally do anything in the world,” Cardona said.

In each track, the students will work in groups to develop hypothetical campaigns, solve business challenges and build lava lamps to take home with them.

The conference will also coach attendees on networking through a practice session at lunch. A panel of women affiliated with the University’s medical and nursing schools as well as other Ph.D. programs will also provide students with a look into panelists’ career journeys, Cardona said. YWLL Co-Director Greg Muecke SOM ’16 said the conference recruited the high school students by reaching out to New Haven Public Schools Superin-

tendent Garth Harries ’95 and guidance counselors at various high schools.

SOM Women in Management Club Co-Chair Laura Fletcher SOM ’16 noted a current dearth of resources for low-income women in New Haven interested in pursuing professional careers, adding that the conference provides an encouraging space to support these female students in their career endeavors and fosters community among women.

“We’ve been really amazed about how much this has resonated with women at [SOM],” Fletcher said.

Cardona came up with the idea for YWLL during her first year as an SOM student, when she began to question how business students could further engage with the New Haven community. She cited her own upbringing — she is a first-generation college student in a low-income family who later studied at Stanford and worked at Google — as a factor that inspired her to develop the conference. YWLL is part of what

Cardona feels is an obligation to help other women as she climbs her own career ladder, she said.

She and Muecke began planning the conference last year and have since gathered a team of about 15 other SOM students to organize this Saturday’s events.

The conference will also partner with the college affordability initiative New Haven Promise, Cardona said. A number of New Haven Promise Scholars, former local high school students who have received scholarships from the organization to attend college, will volunteer at YWLL. Some scholars will lead a session for the attendees, while another — Southern Connecticut State University senior and Promise Ambassador Niasia Mercado — will be the keynote speaker at the networking lunch. Cardona said the involvement of the scholars is a way for the conference to remain “true to the community” it serves.

“This is a way of being mindful,” Cardona said. “We want to have material that resonates most

with the population we’re serving.”

YWLL 2016 attendees, who attend 12 different public and private schools in the city, will fill out surveys before and after the conference, Muecke said. These surveys will gauge how the conference has shaped students’ views on what career opportunities are open to them or interest them. A larger goal of the conference is for attendees to establish connections, not only among peers, but also with conference volunteers, Muecke added.

YWLL is funded by the SOM Dean’s Office and the school’s Clubs & Finance Committee.

It receives external monetary sponsorship from the United Way of Greater New Haven and the Community Foundation of Greater New Haven, Muecke said.

Women hold 16.9 percent of Fortune 500 board seats, according to a 2014 report from the Center of American Progress.

Contact MICHELLE LIU at michelle.liu@yale.edu .

PAGE 4

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT Admins talk staff diversity DIVERSITY FROM PAGE 1 vost for Faculty Development and Diversity Richard Bribiescas, Director of the Office of LGBTQ Resources Maria Trumpler GRD ’92, Berkeley College Master Marvin Chun, Deputy Title IX Coordinator and Associate Dean of the Yale School of Drama Joan Channick, Director of the Office for Equal Opportunity Programs Valarie Stanley and pediatrics professor Carl Baum, who serves on a provostial advisory committee on disability resources.

Bribiescas told the News that the conversation reinforced his conviction that diversity is a community issue.

“Staff members face unique challenges, but a lot of it is related to the overall climate and accountability in terms of how important diversity is to the community,” he said.

While student protests and teach-ins in the fall have brought undergraduate and faculty diversity to the fore of campus discussion, diversity among the University’s staff has garnered relatively less attention. Panelists and attendees both suggested that this is due to structural issues, such as students and faculty receiving more representation on committees and decisionmaking groups than staff.

Trumpler said some other institutions boast a more balanced representation among the different constituencies and suggested that staff members be included more in these leadership committees and discussions.

The idea of “giving voice” to staff members was repeated several times throughout the conversation. Multiple attendees asked how staff members could participate

in open discussions about race and diversity, given the ways in which their roles on campus differ from faculty and students, as well as their decreased job security compared to tenured professors.

Bryant added that there should be a way to bring up and resolve such issues in an open and civil dialogue that does not become confrontational, suggesting that such a mode of discussion would be particularly helpful for staff members worried about their jobs.

She also noted that such town hall events about diversity on campus may be speaking to a self-selecting audience — an idea many others voiced during the event as well. During the questionand-answer session that followed the panel, one attendee said that while community meetings are informative and helpful, many people who attend are already interested in equity and inclusion. Those who need to learn about these issues, on the other hand, rarely attend, the attendee said.

“How do we create an environment where we can talk about these issues openly?” the attendee said. Panelists suggested that education and diversity and sensitivity training would help make the community more open to discussions.

When prompted about how Yale can improve on diversity and inclusion, Trumpler also called for more diversity among the University’s top administrators, and attendees suggested that there is a topdown effect in reinforcing the importance of diversity.

A d m i n i s t ra to rs also acknowledged other structural challenges to creating transparent and open dis-

cussions on campus: Chun cited the size of the University as one example, and Bribiescas noted the proliferation of disparate diversity initiatives across campus as another. In fact, the panelists admitted that while they individually promoted diversity within their constituencies — undergraduates, faculty and staff — they had never met as a group before Monday’s panel. Diversity, Bribiescas repeated, is a community issue and therefore must be addressed by the entire community in a collaborative manner.

Attendees said the town hall was informative and helped contextualize the conversations about diversity among staff members, in light of recent student activism.

Ben McManus ’78, a senior administrative assistant at the School of Engineering & Applied Science, said recent student protests have brought issues that were formerly buried back to light. Yale has had the same diversity issues since he was an undergraduate, McManus said, and discussions such as Monday’s town hall are a good outgrowth of student activism.

McManus said that as an alumnus and a resident of New Haven, he still sees the complicated relationship Yale has with local residents and promoting diversity in general through hiring. Still, he added that the event has made him aware of the progress Yale is making.

“I’ve been aware of the affinity groups and the various diversity initiatives. But it’s good to hear from the people doing it and to put faces to names,” he said.

Contact VICTOR WANG at v.wang@yale.edu .

“The Internet is becoming the town square for the global village of tomorrow.”

BILL GATES AMERICAN BUSINESS MAGNATE, PHILANTHROPIST AND INVESTOR

Initiative aids female convicts RECIDIVISM FROM PAGE 1 program for incarcerated veterans in the same facility.

Around 40 inmates at Cybulski have signed up for Project Fresh Start — a state-funded program that helps former inmates secure jobs, housing, health care and other services in the Elm City.

Program Manager Clifton Graves said Malloy has also indicated to state activists that he will soon open a fourth reintegration program in the state for young adults aged 18 to 25.

“We’re excited about this,” Graves said. “It reaffirms that the state government, through Gov.

Malloy’s Second Chance acts, is giving serious consideration and action to their words.”

Prison commissioners in the state adopted this model from a similar one in Ohio that yielded lower rates of behavioral issues during incarceration, Martucci said. She added that the reintegration programs have also been cost-efficient because they concentrate re-entry staff and all of the inmates ready for release and into one unit.

She added that the York Reintegration Center’s budget also benefits from its number of volunteers — the most of any other prison in the state. Volunteers run

many of the program’s offerings, such as religious groups, crafting and yoga classes, she said.

Yale students hoping to join those volunteers can mentor through the Yale Undergraduate Prison Project. YUPP Co-President Simone Seiver ’17 said the organization runs a mentorship program at York Correctional Institution.

In the last seven years, the prison population in Connecticut has dropped by 19 percent, according to the Connecticut Department of Corrections.

Contact JIAHUI HU at jiahui.hu@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 5

NEWS

“In three words I can sum up everything I’ve learned about life: it goes on.”

ROBERT FROST AMERICAN POET

Authors discuss what makes a good life

BY AYLA BESEMER STAFF REPORTER On Monday evening, hundreds gathered in Battell Chapel to learn what makes a good life.

The talk, titled “Character, Flourishing and the Good Life,” was a conversation between David Brooks, The New York Times columnist and senior fellow of the Jackson Institute for Global Affairs, and Yale Center for Faith and Culture founder Miroslav Volf. The talk was part of Yale’s Life Worth Living Program, developed by the Yale Center for Faith and Culture as a way to engage students in “the big questions of life,” according to one of the program’s professors, Ryan McAnnally-Linz. The hope of the program overall, McAnnally-Linz added, is to encourage conversations across ideological divides and learn successfully from the different perspectives students bring to the classroom.

Brooks and Volf hold different religious ideologies, but were brought together Monday night to discuss questions of meaning and value in the context of Yale’s fast-paced environment.

The aim of the Life Worth Living Program is to introduce students to a variety of religious and philosophical claims, Volf said, and then to have students apply these methods of living in real ways, creating an “interface” between students and traditions. In between the two nihilisms of modern society — which Volf characterized as “oppressive religious nihilism” and “nihilism of the absence of meaning” — the big question then becomes how to reconcile pleasure with belief. Though Volf spoke from a strongly Christian background, he emphasized that the major world religions can offer similar and compatible approaches, as each emphasizes the treatment of all individuals as equal.

Volf said that though religion is often perceived in today’s globalized world as being damaging, it can instead offer a pow-

erful vision for what allows an individual and, by extension, the whole of humanity to flourish.

Religion forces those engaged in a capitalistic economy to evaluate their actions against the good of a larger society and push toward what he referred to as “social flourishing,” or recognizing that a good life is one that necessarily thrives off the well-being of others, he said.

“The flourishing of one person is tied to the flourishing of others, and therefore my flourishing is tied to the flourishing of the entire planet, and I think this kind of flourishing is being significantly eroded, and in some places, radically destroyed by the present form of capitalism,” Volf said.

In the second half of the talk, Brooks spoke of writing his most recent book, “The Road to Character,” which tells the stories of individuals that throughout history he characterized as being “pathetic at age 20, but kind of magnificent at age 70.” The book was inspired by Brooks’ personal anxiety about achieving career success over achieving an “inner light.” The journey, Brooks said, is often what makes a life worth living, and joy can be found not in the attainment of success, but in the desire for it. Times of hardship are important to develop a flourishing life, and unlike Volf, Brooks said he believes that one can be capable of flourishing in the absence of basic needs such as physical or socioeconomic well-being.

Brooks also addressed society’s growing interest in fame, which he said has risen in recent years to be prioritized by college students above everything but economic security. Part of living a good life is looking beyond the urge to succeed, and instead creating a new value system within oneself, he said.

“There are two sets of virtues: one, the resume virtues … and then the eulogy virtues, the things they say about you after you are dead,” Brooks said. “We

live in a world, and I think I would include this institution, where we are a lot clearer about how to build the resume virtues than the eulogy ones. People have a clearer sense of how to have a good career than how to build good inner character. It’s not that people are bad, it’s that they are lacking a moral vocabulary for how to do that.”

Antonia Campbell ’18, a student fellow in the Life Worth Living Program who attended the event, praised the talk for its accessibility, especially in Brooks’ use of case studies to help attendees “learn by emulation.” Campbell said that the speakers’ insights would lead her to reflect on what makes a person good beyond simple achievement, a reflection she said Yale and other American institutions do not promote.

David Rico ’16, an attendee who is a student in the “Life Worth Living” class — a Yale College course developed as part of the program — said that he hoped Monday’s conversation would lead to future discussions of a similar nature on Yale’s campus. He praised the Life Worth Living Program for its utilization of student diversity to learn about a variety of opinions and backgrounds within the classroom.

“I think any sort of discussion approaching morality, humility and the values of society in an institution like Yale has the potential to start making a difference,” Rico said. “We are an institution that often shies away from our moral devotions to this world; we say [‘For God, For Country and For Yale’] very openly … but as soon as we enter into the classrooms and into our residential colleges the discussion ends … Hopefully, we can begin these kind of discussions.”

The “Life Worth Living” course was introduced in spring 2014.

Contact AYLA BESEMER at ayla.besemer@yale.edu .

ROBBIE SHORT/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

David Brooks and Miroslav Volf talked about what makes life worth living Monday night.

Opioid research gains traction

YALE DAILY NEWS

The research won the Dan Anderson Research Award, which honors research about addiction recovery.

BY GRACE CASTILLO STAFF REPORTER With drug-related deaths on the rise, researchers at the Yale School of Medicine have made important strides in treatment for opioid users — and been recognized for their achievements.

The research, published first online in the British Medical Journal in October 2015, won the Dan Anderson Research Award on Feb. 10, an award sponsored by the Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation’s Butler Center for Research that honors scientific research about addiction recovery. The study authors will accept the award and a $2,000 honorarium from the foundation later this year. Working with patients who arrived at the emergency department, physicians administered one of three treatments: brief substance abuse screening and referral to treatment, a 10 to 15 minute intervention and referral to treatment or a brief intervention, referral to treatment and buprenorphine, a prescription medication used to treat opiate addiction. Their work showed that the third group demonstrated remarkably reduced opiate intake, and that participants were more likely to be continuing treatment during a follow-up. “[Researchers] anticipated that this type of referral, combined with medical treatment that addressed the patients’ withdrawal symptoms, would lead to greater success than a

standard referral,” David Fiellin, study co-author and medical school professor, said.

Their work comes at an important time: Opioid use has risen nationwide, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Gail D’Onofrio, study co-author and chair of the Department of Emergency Medicine at the medical school, said that opiate use is an “epidemic” and that overdoses are continuing to rise. Many addicts’ first medical contact occurs in emergency department situations, she said, and health providers have a unique opportunity to identify opiate-dependent persons and provide treatment. First responders in the emergency room are one of the only lines of defense in initiating addiction treatment.

Even though opiate addiction is also a chronic brain disease, in that it is characterized by changes in brain chemistry and structure, opiate-dependent people often leave the emergency department within a few hours of waking up, D’Onofrio said. In contrast, many other patients with chronic diseases, such as diabetes or heart disease, are referred to relevant care providers during their visit to an emergency department.

Fiellin noted that their research model had a few essential features, including an emergency medicine physician who could diagnose opioid-use disorder, prescribe buprenorphine and naloxone — a medication used to reverse

the effects of opioid overdose — and arrange a followup session with the patient.

The treatment program would need to be able to accept the patient within two to three days of the emergency department visit, he added.

Aubrey Klein, executive director of the Butler Center, said that the paper was “chosen for [the award because of] its strong methodology and scientific rigor, as well as the topical nature of the study.”

She added that the study targets an important group of opioid users — those seeking treatment in emergency departments.

The study’s findings point to more rigorous emergency department interventions as a means to reduce the impact of opioid use for both users themselves and for the wider health care system, according to the paper. Fiellin said that the researchers are working with the National Institutes of Health to design a larger-scale study in multiple emergency departments around the country. A number of emergency departments have already contacted the researchers with inquiries about replicating their model, he added.

According to the CDC, the rate of deaths from drug overdoses has increased 137 percent since 2000, including a 200 percent increase in the rate of overdose deaths involving opioids.

Contact GRACE CASTILLO at grace.castillo@yale.edu .

PAGE 6

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT

“Don’t spend time beating on a wall, hoping to transform it into a door. ” COCO CHANEL FRENCH FASHION DESIGNER

Fewer alumni give higher amounts DONATIONS FROM PAGE 1 to which graduates now have access.

“I think there are trends in society today that probably work against participation,” Salovey said. “Nonetheless, participation by new donors is very important and I would love to see that trend at Yale reverse. High rates of participation are good for the University financially and create a

sense of psychological commitment by alumni to the University.”

Lynn Andrewsen, managing director of the Yale Alumni Fund, said that while Yale is supportive of alumni donating to nonprofits, the increase in the number of such organizations has led to “a lot of competition.”

Andrewsen said another explanation for the decline is that over the past seven to 10 years,

the University has focused more on soliciting money from established donors rather than on expanding the size of its donor pool.

Vice President for Alumni Affairs and Development Joan O’Neill said that while she is working to reverse the negative trend in alumni participation, honing in on existing donor relationships has proven to be more cost-effective. One of her office’s

ALUMNI PARTICIPATION SOLICITATIONS & DONATIONS number of alumni solicited number of alumni donors

$80,000 $70,000 $60,000 $50,000 $40,000 $30,000 $20,000 1994

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TRESA JOSEPH/PRODUCTION & DESIGN EDITOR

Jobs nonprofit to expand NONPROFIT FROM PAGE 1 to have a more nuanced understanding of what the client needs and how we can help,” Watson said.

NCD’s clientele is primarily composed of low-income or homeless individuals. The organization helps patrons write resumes and cover letters and locate affordable housing, among other services, NCD CoDirector Iain Barr ’17 said.

Barr said the nonprofit had to temporarily suspend operation in the middle of last semester because the Yale Hunger and Homelessness Action Project, its parent organization, revoked funding for the organization’s office space. Barr explained that YHHAP realized paying rent for NCD’s independent office space was not financially sustainable, given the cost of the other services they provide. NCD now shares office space with New Haven Works, a city-affiliated employment agency on Whitney Avenue.

In the weeks leading up the move, staff members told visiting clients that they would be moving offices, but not all clients were reachable, Watson said, adding that the move resulted in the loss of some clients. That said, Watson noted that her nonprofit has managed to gain some new patrons due to the proximity to New Haven Works. Furthermore, the organization is working to publicize its new location through its website and via word-of-mouth.

“Our volunteers are still adjusting to the New Haven Works office, but we are continually welcoming new clients,” NCD Benefits Director Sedina Dzodzomenyo ’18 said. “We are now able to conveniently serve both our own clients and individuals referred to us by New Haven Works.”

While working to expand and rebuild its client base this semester, the organization is also undertaking efforts to improve outreach. According to Barr, volunteers have redesigned their website to provide both clients and volunteers with more information about NCD’s services. In fact, clients can now book appointments online even

when the NCD office is closed.

Watson said she is working personally to consolidate client data into an organized database and is prioritizing connecting with new potential clients while staying in touch with past ones.

She added that this can be difficult, as some NCD clients do not have reliable access to means of communication.

“This semester, we’ve been more diligent about inputting phone numbers for clients that work with us,” Watson said. “Many clients do not have a consistent phone number or address, so we’ve been brainstorming about how we can maintain contact despite these limitations.”

Our volunteers are still adjusting to the New Haven Works office, but we are continually welcoming new clients.

SEDINA DZODZOMENYO ’18 Benefits Director NCD is also working on internal improvements, such as broadening the volunteerrecruitment process and planning social events to foster a stronger sense of community among current volunteers, Barr said.

He expressed his hope that the organization’s enhanced emphasis on accessibility will make NCD a more effective and fulfilling experience for both clients and volunteers.

“I think that NCD is one of the best ways to leave the Yale bubble and a good way for students to use their researching and resume-writing skills to help New Haven residents,” former NCD Co-Director and current volunteer Grace Lee ’16 said.

“The personal relationships I’ve formed with our clients have meant a lot to me and have kept me grounded during my time at Yale.”

Contact RACHEL TREISMAN at rachel.treisman@yale.edu .

most important responsibilities is to retain existing donors, she added.

Still, Salovey emphasized that while it is true that a greater percentage of donations can be raised from “the top of the donor pyramid,” he also places significant value on increasing total alumni participation, which, unlike the size of certain gifts, fosters a stronger alumni community.

Andrewsen said that in preparing a “game plan” for the coming year, she has developed new methods of outreach to ensure all alumni have the opportunity to give to the University.

And in an effort to halt the decline, Salovey said O’Neill and Eileen O’Connor, vice president for communications, are developing new approaches to capture alumni attention. O’Connor said her goal is to ensure that alumni feel more engaged not only with Yale happenings generally, but also with the specific areas in which they are most interested.

“A byproduct of good communication is that people give,” O’Neill said. “We’re trying to look at a more robust alumni communication strategy, particularly focusing on both the broad-based message and connecting with our most engaged volunteers. They are the people carrying messages out and back. We want to be communicating with them as much as possible.”

Andrewsen said that other than Princeton and Dartmouth, which reported alumni participation rates of more than 40 percent last year, Yale is “neck-and-neck” with the rest of the Ivy League and actually tends to perform better than the University of Pennsylvania and Cornell University, for example.

A member of the Alumni Affairs and Development division, who requested anonymity due to the sensitive nature of the topic, suggested the possibility of a “David Swensen effect”: as returns from Yale’s endowment reach historic highs, alumni fundraising may have taken a back seat to other institutional priorities. Swensen, Yale’s chief investment officer, has brought the University endowment from just over $1 billion in 1985 to a staggering $25.6 billion.

“Perhaps our whole machinery for raising money adjusted itself to the fact that our endowment just beat the crap out of everybody else’s,” the source said.

But Salovey disagreed, hypothesizing that a “David Swensen effect” has only helped the University. Because of Swensen’s financial acumen, Salovey said, alumni feel confident that their gifts will be well-managed and are more likely to donate as a result.

Alumni interviewed offered a variety of explanations for the decrease in participation, with several echoing Salovey’s point about the abundance of nonprofit organizations to which alumni can donate.

Alison Brody ’95, who serves on the Board of Governors of the Association of Yale Alumni, said the decline in donations in no way reflects a lack of love for Yale, but that alumni feel there are worthier causes for their money.

“What I hear from my peers in their 40s is that writing a check to a local nonprofit feels more impactful than writing the same check to an entity with a $25 billion endowment,” she said. Some alumni don’t understand the restrictions on endowment spending and that a donation directed to financial aid, for instance, is meaningful and

not a drop in the ocean.”

Both political science lecturer Jim Sleeper ’69 and Scott Williamson ’80 said that the increasingly international makeup of the student body may have negatively impacted alumni donations. Sleeper said undergraduates may now share fewer of the cultural assumptions, practices and convictions that once generated bonding among Yale students, which would weaken their connection to the University itself.

However, Jay Gitlin ’71 MUS ’74 GRD ’02, a history professor who teaches a course on the University’s history, said alumni ties to Yale are as strong as ever, despite the dropping participation rate.

He said that his experience speaking at various Yale Club events has shown him that alumni remain highly enthusiastic about Yale.

Williamson, a former member of the AYA Board of Governors, said that enhanced alumni relationships are positively correlated with alumni willingness to give.

“AYA is in the friend-making business, and the wallet follows,” Williamson said.

Salovey said he would personally be interested in measuring alumni participation in ways that account for engagement beyond financial support — including alumni interviewers, community members who advise students and graduates who serve on various advisory committees.

Yale has not held a major fundraising campaign since the Yale Tomorrow campaign ended in June 2011, after raising $3.881 billion for the University.

Contact DAVID SHIMER at david.shimer@yale.edu and JON VICTOR at jon.victor@yale.edu .

YUWO funds scholarships YUWO FROM PAGE 1 ensure that scholarship funding would always be available each year, even in times of economic downturn. Each fund can award more than one scholarship, and YUWO Scholarship Chair Berclee Cameron said the award amount is usually between $1,000 and $3,000, depending on the person’s need and the amount of money available.

Sikorski, who used her scholarship money to complete an online degree from Empire State College in New York, was awarded two YUWO scholarships, one in 2012 and another in 2014. She said the largest benefit provided by the program was in helping balance her roles as a single homeowner and a student going back to school. Many of her friends and coworkers are still paying off student loans and while she has to do the same, she said she is in significantly less debt than she would have been without the scholarship.

Similarly, Terry Reese, a staff development support specialist who received the scholarship in 2010, 2011 and 2014, said the program significantly lowered her financial stress. Reese said she was able to complete her education with no student loans, and without the scholarship, she would not have been able to finish her classes. It gave her a rare opportunity because at the time, she was a mother going through divorce who did not have any finances, she said. She completed a degree in sociology and criminal justice at Albertus Magnus.

“The program was awesome, and besides the scholarship, I was invited to a dinner where I got the opportunity to meet one of the scholarship donors,” Reese said. “It was a wonderful experience that I’ve tried to promote to others, and I helped someone fill out their paperwork for this year’s application.”

The program is supported by friend and member donations, and is entirely separate from Yale University funds, according to YUWO President Stephanie Jatlow. The results of this year’s application cycle will be released by April 30. The number of applicants can be as high as 20, although it is usu-

ally fewer, and often four to six scholarship awardees are chosen, Cameron said. Members of YUWO and their families are not eligible to participate in the scholarship program.

Qualifications for the program include not only the applicant’s association with Yale, either through employment or that of a family member, but also their unmet financial need and future goals.

Cameron said the selection committee considers household income and tuition reimbursement from other venues, such as financial aid, as well

as the person’s viable plans for returning to school. The requirements are the same as are expected of any scholarship applicant at any university, she said, and they include maturity in temperament, thoroughness of thought process and selfmotivation.

Last year, YUWO awarded five University staff members a total of $16,000 in scholarship awards. The recipients were Lynette Holloway, Talia Annicelli, Kelly Ann Fusco, Cynthia Voghell and Karen Kustra, who work in departments ranging from the Yale Mail Service to

the Office of Development.

“Career advancement, career change or personal growth is a big motivating factor for women,” Cameron said.

“I would say one of the best benefits is that women realize that they have become positive role models for their children, family members or friends.”

YUWO currently has approximately 350 members, including faculty, staff, administrators, family members and partners of Yale affiliates.

Contact JOEY YE at shuaijiang.ye@yale.edu .

ELIZABETH MILES/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

The Yale University Women’s Organization provides scholarships to help Yale affiliates earn degrees.

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 7

AROUND THE IVIES

“The lady doth protest too much, methinks.”

QUEEN GERTRUDE FROM SHAKESPEARE’S “HAMLET”

C O L U M B I A D A I LY S P E C TAT O R

T H E C O R N E L L D A I LY S U N

CDCJ protest sparks investigation

Black Students United promises further protests

BY EMILY FRIEDMAN

SAMANTHA VELASQUEZ/COLUMBIA DAILY SPECTATOR

Members of Columbia Divest for Climate Justice will be investigated for breaking the University Rules of Conduct.

BY TEO ARMUS AND CATIE EDMONDSON

to documents posted on the organizers’ Facebook pages.

Lee and Wang did not respond to the Columbia Spectator’s request for comment, but a CDCJ member told the Spectator that the other students who disrupted the event received similar letters. Goldberg’s office also did not respond immediately to request for comment.

Any member of the university community can file a complaint with the rules administrator, alleging that the rules were violated.

When the rules administrator receives such a complaint, she may choose to dismiss it or to launch an investigation.

Goldberg’s email marks the first step of such an investigation. According to the rules, she will next “conduct interviews and will gather pertinent information and documentation.” After Goldberg investigates the complaint, she may either file a charge asserting the student

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The university launched an investigation on Friday to determine whether members of Columbia Divest for Climate Justice who interrupted a BP event on campus last week violated the Rules of University Conduct.

This will mark the first time a student protest has triggered an investigation under the rules, the disciplinary code used to adjudicate protests on campus, since they were revised in October.

Last February, members of No Red Tape received letters that warned they may have broken the rules after they interrupted admissions information sessions, but ultimately were not investigated.

At the BP event, which was hosted by the Center for Global Energy Policy last Tuesday in the International Affairs Building, seven members of CDCJ read statements

c o n demning BP for what t h e y called the comCOLUMBIA p a n y ’ s abuse of workers, human rights and the environment.

The rules state that “a person is in violation of these rules when such person individually or with a group, incident to a demonstration … briefly interrupts a university function.” Such a violation is considered a “simple” offense.

Executive Vice President for University Life Suzanne Goldberg, who serves as the university’s rules administrator, sent separate emails to CDCJ organizers Caroline Lee and Amy Wang, both of Columbia College. The emails explained that the investigation was triggered by a complaint, according

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violated the rules, resolve the case informally or decline to file charges.

Should Goldberg file a charge, the respondent may accept responsibility, which would move the process into the sanctioning stage, or decline responsibility, which would compel a hearing.

In the event that charges are filed for this case, the University Judicial Board — a five-person panel comprised of administrators, faculty and students — would adjudicate and sanction for the first time. The board was created when the rules were reviewed and revised, replacing the role of a single hearing officer.

Members of the UJB were appointed by the University Senate executive committee, though part of the appointment process was met with resistance from activists — including members of CDCJ — who criticized the process for a lack of transparency.

Members of Black Students United expressed disappointment with their progress in implementing a list of demands delivered to the Cornell administration and promised future action on campus at a meeting on Thursday.

Amber Aspinall, political action chair of BSU, spoke of the past, present and future of student activism, saying that many of the demands are the same demands that students have been making for the last 50 years.

“This is a history that we’ve inherited, and I take that history and that legacy very seriously,” Aspinall said. “A lot of the demands unfortunately have been things that people have been talking about for decades.

The big question is if we’re having these conversations over and over again, what conversations aren’t we having?”

The administration has been receptive to several of their demands, including changing the name of the Cornell Plantations, setting up weekly support groups at Gannett for students of color and dedicating career services staff members to minority recruiting, according to Aspinall.

While she believes these demands can be met quickly, Aspinall said some of the demands will take more time and effort, specifically instituting a diversity curriculum.

One student spoke in favor of a diversity curriculum by highlighting her experience in an intergroup dialogue class facilitated by students.

“I think it is a lot easier for students to tear down those walls and face the challenges or the issues that oftentimes would be ignored in the presence of staff members when they’re discussing it amongst peers,” the student said. “I took the class and it was

a p ro ce ss.

Yo u co u l d fe e l yo u rself changing before you even knew that you were actuCORNELL ally actively making a difference.”

Attendees also discussed how they hope to achieve change on campus using protests — like the takeover of Trillium that occurred earlier this year.

“The idea is to disrupt business as usual,” Aspinall said. “That is the point of a protest, to disrupt.

It is often interesting when we get backlash saying ‘you guys were a distraction.’”

Speaking directly to the administrators, Aspinall promised future protests.

“I know there are some administrators in the room, and I’ll tell you this right now, we are going to continue to shut things down,” Aspinall said. “Meetings will not replace the direct disruption of your offices. It is a process.”

Some of BSU’s demands are related to divestment from the private prison system, and the administration’s response to these issues has been less promising, according to Aspinall.

“When we talk about changing campus climate, we can talk to Vice President Lombardi and we can talk to President Garrett because they have control over here, but supreme control, a phrase listed in Cornell documents, rests with the board of trustees,” Aspinall said. “When we talk about money, old white men’s money, that is another whole conversation that is a lot more difficult to get success in.”

T h ro u g h o u t t h e m e e t ing, members of the audience expressed their appreciation for the Black Students United and the work that continues to advance the group.

PAGE 8

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

SPORTS

“Tennis is a mental game. Everyone is fit, everyone hits great forehands and backhands.” NOVAK DJOKOVIC NO. 1 RANKED MEN’S TENNIS PLAYER

Nonconference domination TENNIS FROM PAGE 12 really picked each other up when we were down,” Brown said. “We came out firing in doubles which helped set the tone for the match, and competed well throughout.”

Furman initially proved to be a stronger opponent in singles, with the match going back and forth as the first three individual matches finished. The Paladins began with a 6–0, 6–1 victory over Dennis Wang ’19 at the No. 4 spot, and Hagermoser followed by winning 6–3, 6–4 at the No. 2 singles posi-

tion. Furman’s Adam Steryous challenged back, defeating senior Svenning 6–2, 6–2 in the No. 1 spot to make the overall score 2–2.

Yale then won its next three matches with victories from Andrienko, Brown and Photiades at the No. 3, 5 and 6 spots, respectively. The final stretch, which included Brown’s fourth-straight singles victory, secured a 5–2 victory over Furman for Yale.

“I was very pleased with the way the team competed,” Dorato said. “We had a great attitude staying focused and fighting hard

Athletes foster fitness

in the face of difficult circumstances: playing outdoors for the first time since September, [playing with] no windscreens which made it difficult to see the ball from one side of the court and playing without a few of our usual starters.”

The Yale men’s team next plays Bryant at home on Saturday, while the women are off until a home match with Stony Brook on March 5.

Contact DEREK LO at derek.lo@yale.edu .

MATTHEW STOCK/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Downie said he has noticed fellow students who “don’t know how to go about working out.”

FITNESS FROM PAGE 12

COURTESY OF YALE ATHLETICS

Madeleine Hamilton ’16, shown celebrating during her UMass match, was 3–0 in doubles with Tina Jiang ’17.

man year survey of the classics of Western Civilization.

Although he developed close relationships with both his teammates and the other students in the DS program, Downie found the two communities were “like two separate worlds.”

He noticed that disparity more after he quit the soccer team in his sophomore fall semester and began exercising with a friend who was not a varsity athlete. Downie realized that although his friend was on a club sports team and a “very athletic guy,” he lacked in-depth knowledge of the equipment available at the fitness center.

“I realized that was probably the case for a lot of Yalies, who are really good at some things, but sometimes don’t know how to go about working out,” Downie said.

Both Senior Associate Athletic Director Brian Tompkins and Associate Director of Strength and Conditioning Michael Harris were receptive to the idea of Fitbuddies, though they said they still do not know what the program’s administrative support will look like in the coming weeks.

Harris, who said he is not involved in the program at this time, advised Downie about potential liability issues because the student-athletes are not certified professionals. Because of this concern, Downie stressed that the program features “one-on-one

peer mentors” and not personal trainers.

Harris added that the program’s ability to attract nonathletes could result in a loss of clients for the paid personal training staff in Payne Whitney Gymnasium. Still, both he and Tompkins highlighted the benefit of creating new interactions between athletes and nonathletes.

“I think there’s tremendous value in any enterprise that is intended to connect diverse groups of students in meaningful and productive ways,” Tompkins, who served as men’s soccer head coach from 1996 to 2014, said. “I see Fitbuddies as a means of creating mutual benefit and understanding in unique and non-traditional ways.”

Current men’s soccer midfielder Archie Kinnane ’18 said although he had no experience with weightlifting before walking on to the team, he has since learned numerous tips such as safety techniques. He signed up to be a Fitbuddies peer mentor in order to share this information with others who also have no prior experience.

In addition to sharing knowledge, the peer mentors will also serve as motivation for students to stick to their exercise routines, Downie said. Setting workout dates with a partner at the start of each week will make students more likely to develop an active and healthy lifestyle, Downie said.

Other athletes who chose

to sign up as mentors did so because, like Tompkins, they thought the program could bring the student-athlete community closer with the rest of the student body.

“I joined the team of student-athlete mentors because I wanted to try to combine these two communities and make more connections within it,” volleyball setter Kelsey Crawford ’18 said. “As [Downie] explained the details of this group, I realized that it is just what Yale needs, and I wanted to join immediately.”

The relationship could create more fans for sports games because the students will have personal connections to players and want to show their support, women’s cross country runner Katrina Garry ’18 said.

Downie added that this benefit was particularly of interest to Harris, who thought the program could help raise attendance at sporting events.

“Fitbuddies hopes to bring students together who might not otherwise interact, and maybe even form relationships with students who are more willing to attend games and athletic events,” Downie said.

Fitbuddies will launch with a Facebook publicity campaign that features pictures of the student-athlete mentors in various residential college gyms.

Contact DANIELA BRIGHENTI at daniela.brighenti@yale.edu .

Spirited comeback effort falls short W. LACROSSE FROM PAGE 12 second comeback of the game, rattling off three consecutive goals in the final 12:08 of the game.

The Bulldogs could not overcome the deficit despite scoring the final three goals of the period. After midfielder Taryn Gallagher ’18, in her first collegiate start, scored an unassisted goal with 2:56 remaining, the Yale offense was unable to get off another shot attempt, sealing the 9–7 victory for Lehigh.

“Our defense and offense had some great runs, but need to be more consistent,” said midfielder Addie Zinsner ’19, who earned a starting spot in her Yale debut.

The Alexandria, Virginia native collected four ground balls and caused two turnovers on defense, while fellow newcomer and midfielder Amanda Bosland ’19 added a goal in her first college game.

Yale wound up matching Lehigh in shots, as both teams took 21 attempts at the net, and the Elis controlled 13 of 18 draws. However, the final result came down to the two streaks of unanswered Lehigh goals, which combined to take up more than half the game’s time, that kept Yale from opening its season in victorious fashion.

“That fast play and sense of urgency that we were able to achieve by the end of each half is something that everyone on the

team agreed needs to be present for all 60 minutes of the game,” Marks said. “[It] is most certainly something we can do — we just need to structure our practices in a way that fosters a more competitive drive. That’s not to say there isn’t one already there, but we definitely need to strengthen it by playing everything out in every drill so that it truly translates into games.”

We just need to structure our practices in a way that fosters a more competitive drive.

SYDNEY MARKS ’18 Starting Goalkeeper, Women’s Lacrosse Lehigh controlled other statistical categories besides the final score, committing five fewer turnovers than Yale while also collecting 21 ground balls to Yale’s 13.

The Bulldogs will return to action on Wednesday night in their home opener, a 7 p.m. matchup against Quinnipiac.

Yale will attempt to replicate last season’s outcome between the two teams, an 18-6 home victory over the Bobcats.

Contact MATTHEW STOCK at matthew.stock@yale.edu .

COURTESY OF YALE ATHLETICS

Attacker Tess McEvoy ’17, who took a team-high seven shots against Lehigh, led the Bulldogs with three goals.

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 9

BULLETIN BOARD

TODAY’S FORECAST

Snow likely, mainly after 3pm. Mostly cloudy, with a high near 38. Wind chill values between 20 and 30.

TOMORROW

THURSDAY

High of 46, low of 46.

High of 51, low of 32.

A WITCH NAMED KOKO BY CHARLES BRUBAKER

ON CAMPUS TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 23 1:30 PM Lecture by Amy Jacobs, master papermaker from Dieu Donné. Jacobs will give an overview of papermaking, with a brief history and a main focus on contemporary practices via projects at Dieu Donné. Her slide presentation will be accompanied by actual examples of pieces made at the mill that can be viewed in person and close-up after the talk. School of Art (36 Edgewood Ave.), Rm. 204.

5:30 PM Parks-King Lecture Series. Join us for the Parks-King Lecture Series 2016 with speaker Rev. Dr. Emilie Townes. Townes, a distinguished scholar and leader in theological education, is dean of Vanderbilt Divinity School. Sterling Divinity Quadrangle (409 Prospect St.), Marquand Chapel.

WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 24 4:00 PM Between “Black Lives Matter” and “Make America Great Again”: Two Outcomes of America’s Political Economy.

This talk will attempt to explore the structural forces that have produced the “Black Lives Matter” struggle. It will delve into the political economy of the United States, as the core of the world system, to show how its solutions to grave crises emerge through the axes of defunding the social good and funding the security apparatus. William Harkness Hall (100 Wall St.), Rm. 207.

5:00 PM Building Accountable Health Care Systems in Nepal. Duncan Maru MED ’09 is co-founder of Possible. Possible has delivered care to over 225,000 patients through a publicprivate partnership with the Nepali government. Possible manages an integrated health care system in one of Nepal’s most remote districts. Yale School of Public Health (60 College St.), Rm. 216.

To reach us: E-mail editor@yaledailynews.com Advertisements 2-2424 (before 5 p.m.)

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Mailing address Yale Daily News P.O. Box 209007 New Haven, CT 06520

Questions or comments about the fairness or accuracy of stories should be directed to Editor in Chief Stephanie Addenbrooke at (203) 432-2418.

Bulletin Board is a free service provided to groups of the Yale community for events. Listings should be submitted online at yaledailynews.com/events/ submit. The Yale Daily News reserves the right to edit listings.

To visit us in person 202 York St. New Haven, Conn. (OppositeFOR JE) RELEASE FEBRUARY 23, 2016

Los Angeles Times Daily Crossword Puzzle

CLASSIFIEDS

CROSSWORD Edited by Rich Norris and Joyce Lewis ACROSS 1 Egg-shaped tomato 5 Molecule part 9 Winter outerwear 14 Suit on a board 15 Plumber’s piece 16 Playful trick 17 One raising a hand (TN) 19 Pedro’s “I love you” 20 Answer (for) 21 More confident 22 Wedge-shaped arch piece (PA) 26 Byzantine or Roman (NY) 27 Many California wines 28 Motel charges 30 Hockey legend Bobby et al.

31 Milk: Pref.

32 Abbr. for some Garden State senators 35 Piled-high hairdo (UT) 38 Fictional Korean War surgeon Pierce (IA) 40 ’60s radical gp.

41 Loved ones 43 Tribulations 44 Coeur d’__, Idaho 45 One of the Musketeers 46 At an earlier date (OK) 49 Word in a fair forecast (FL) 52 Part of USDA: Abbr.

53 Top grade 54 Below, poetically 55 What seven puzzle answers are with reference to abbreviations in their clues 60 Colorful tropical fish 61 Genealogy diagram 62 Course with ratios 63 “Save me __” 64 Ranch group 65 Seek divine intervention

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DOWN 1 Sermon giver: Abbr.

2 Tic-tac-toe loser 3 Actor Gibson 4 Puncture prefix 5 Likely will, after “is” 6 Attach with string 7 Tennis period since 1968 8 Trivial 9 “Bee’s knees” equivalent 10 Gets the better of 11 Video game pioneer 12 Microwave beeper 13 Composer’s creation 18 Washington MLB team 22 Drawer openers 23 Dog-__: folded at the corner 24 Belgian city where the In Flanders Fields Museum is located 25 Window framework 26 James of jazz 29 German cries

Monday’s Puzzle Solved

©2016 Tribune Content Agency, LLC

31 Tilt 32 Indian metropolis 33 Paintbrush bristles material 34 James of the Old West 36 Small talk 37 Change course suddenly 39 __ and kin 42 Breathe 44 “Peer Gynt Suite” dancer

SUDOKU WAKING UP FOR SUNDAY BRUNCH

2/23/16

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59 Bashful

1 6 8 2 3 1 8 7 4 2 4 5 9 8 1 6 4 3 5 7 3 4 2 3 1 2 6 5 1 3 8

PAGE 10

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Small ponds, big impact

BY MAYA CHANDRA STAFF REPORTER Research from the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies suggests that small ponds have a significant and often under-reported effect on greenhouse gas emissions.

Previous carbon-cycle estimates overlook the contributions made by ponds of area less than 1,000 square meters, lead author Meredith Holgerson GRD ’17 said. Since these ponds are tiny and numerous, it is nearly impossible to count and measure all of them, she added. However, the study found that these small ponds, which amount to 8.6 percent of all lakes and ponds by surface area, release a disproportionately large percentage of the total carbon dioxide and methane emissions — 15.1 percent and 40.6 percent, respectively. The research was published in the science journal Nature on Feb. 1.

“By overlooking the effects of small ponds, we could be overestimating the amount of carbon that is stored in the forest,” Holgerson said. “How much carbon our forests can store is a big part of predictions regarding future climate change, so if we are overestimating that, it would be problematic for those future projections.”

The physical differences between small ponds and larger lakes account for the higher percentages of carbon dioxide and methane emissions from small ponds, Holgerson said. Bodies of water advance the carbon cycle by exchanging greenhouse gases with the atmosphere. Both ponds and lakes undergo a process known as stratification, in which the water splits into discrete layers due to changes in the density of water created by differing temperatures.

Unlike lakes — which experience stratification based on seasonal changes — small ponds, which are not very deep, stratify into layers during the day, and those layers mix together during the night. When that mixing happens, more carbon dioxide and methane are created from the sediment at the bottom of the lake, which contains a significant amount of terrestrial carbon — carbon-rich solid matter including leaf litter. Those gases are then circulated through the pond, and released into the atmosphere. Larger lakes stratify for longer periods of time during winter and summer, and mix when the weather changes in the spring and fall. While the lake is stratified, the terrestrial carbon is stuck at the bottom and does not

circulate through the water, and less carbon dioxide and methane are released, Holgerson said. As a result of these patterns, small ponds are more important to the carbon cycle than one might expect, she added.

In-depth research into the exchange systems in small ponds is largely unprecedented, said David Skelly, F&ES professor and Holgerson’s advisor.

“Freshwater scientists tend to break out into cliques, and the people who study very large lakes and oceans tend to look a lot at physical processes like energy transfer and the carbon cycle,” Skelly said. “But that perspective has not really been brought to small ponds.”

The lack of interest in understanding the global effects of small ponds may be due to difficulties in obtaining clear data. The kind of imaging needed to see

small ponds has not been applied on a global scale, Skelly said. The researchers had to use estimates based on the places on the Earth where ponds have been counted. They used a method called metadata analysis, which

involved looking at a massive amount of published data on small ponds, and extrapolated global small-pond emissions, F&ES professor Peter Raymond said. In total, they analyzed data on 427 lakes and ponds in order to put together the estimates in the report. But with improved satellite and imaging technology, Skelly believes that these estimates can be further refined.

“This paper raises a flag and says, the effects these small ponds have are important, so we need to go out and get better numbers,” Skelly said.

The carbon cycle was discovered by Joseph Priestley and Antoine Lavoisier.

Contact MAYA CHANDRA at maya.chandra@yale.edu .

CHAI-RIN KIM/STAFF ILLUSTRATOR

Researchers debunk decades-old mammoth myth

BY CAMERON HILL STAFF REPORTER The year is 1951. Skirts are full, Nat King Cole tops the charts and Holden Caulfield is still six months away from captivating disenchanted teenagers across America. On a midJanuary evening in Manhattan that year, members of the famed Explorers Club gathered in the ballroom of the Roosevelt Hotel for their 47th Annual Dinner, at which — rumor has it — they were served woolly mammoth meat. But Yale researchers have finally proven the story of eating woolly mammoth meat untrue.

The Explorers Club had, and continues to have, a reputation for serving what might be termed adventurous cuisine at their dinner every year: in 2012 they dished up python patties, herb roasted kangaroo and rice wine pickled duck tongue, according to the magazine Popular Science. Accordingly, the belief that the 47th dinner included mammoth endured within the club, and eventually spread to the public conscience, said Matt Davis GRD ’16, a student member of the Explorers Club.

“It’s just something that’s kind

of floating around the Internet or in legend, and a lot of times the details have gotten a little muddled up,” Davis said.

“But I think everyone kind of had this understanding that at some time in the past, a group of explorers had eaten woolly mammoth.”

The Explorers Club, an international society of scientists, journalists and explorers, was founded in 1904 to promote research and the advancement of “the ideal that it is vital to preserve the instinct to explore,” according to the club’s website. Its members have included Edmund Hillary — the first man to summit Mount Everest — astronaut Neil Armstrong and Swiss cartographer Jacques Piccard.

As the story goes, club member and then-curator of the Bruce Museum in Greenwich, Connecticut Paul Howes knew in 1951 he would be unable to attend the dinner, but had no intention of missing out on his chance at tasting what he thought was mastodon. According to The Atlantic, Howes wrote to the club that he would send in a check for the price of his meal, along with a bottle of preservative in which he hoped someone might send him back his share of the meat for exhibition at the Bruce Museum.

S o m e h o w, according to Davis, H o w e s ’ s a m p l e

ended up in a batch transfer of specimens from the Bruce Museum that arrived at Yale’s Peabody Museum of Natural History in 2001. It was not labeled as mastodon or mammoth, but instead as Megatherium, an extinct variety of South American giant ground sloth, according to Jessica Glass ’10 GRD ’20.

“On the label itself, it said, ‘This was cooked, eaten and served at an Explorers Club event in 1951,’” Glass noted.

“But it never really did anything. It was just kind of sitting on the shelf back there.”

As an undergraduate, Glass worked in the Peabody’s Vertebrate Zoology Department, so she has known of and been fascinated by the existence of the specimen since 2007, she said.

Davis said that one day at lunch in 2014, anthropology and ecology and evolutionary biology professor Eric Sargis mentioned to Glass, his student in a mammalogy class that was learning about sloths, and Davis, his teaching fellow, that Yale had a sample of sloth meat eaten by the Explorers Club, should anyone want to study it.

Sargis noted that he was skeptical that the specimen was Megatherium, given that it supposedly came from Akutan Island in Alaska, which would be a huge range extension for a

South American ground sloth.

Glass said she leapt at the chance to study the specimen.

Davis was aware of the story of the 1951 dinner and was immediately intrigued by the prospect of studying the sample, as he had always heard that the meat served was mammoth, not sloth, he said.

“There was definitely a mystery already,” Davis said.

The pair was at first skeptical of the possibility of extracting usable DNA from the specimen, considering it had been cooked and was over 60 years old, Glass said.

Davis and Glass received a grant from the Explorers Club for the study, and after that spent nights and weekends in the lab. Adalgisa Caccone, the director of Yale’s Molecular Systematics and Conservation Genetics Center at the Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies, and one of her assistants instructed Glass in techniques for the recovery of ancient DNA, while Davis began archival research with the Explorers Club, Glass said.

In the Environmental Science Center, there is a “tiny room” for ancient DNA studies, Glass said.

Before entering it, scientists are not allowed to walk through the other labs in the building in case they are contaminated by modern DNA. There, Glass took chunks of meat, removing sa m ples

from the center to avoid all possible contamination, trying to find uncontaminated DNA, she said.

“The problem was that it was very diluted,” Glass said. “What I ended up doing was combining five different samples into two, essentially, to try to concentrate the DNA.” After obtaining a usable DNA sample, the team worked from January to April 2015 to sequence a mitochondrial gene, Glass said, taking “the quick and easy, cheapest route.”

This route took four months because, according to Glass, the scientists did not know what primer — a strand of nucleic acid sequences that serves as a starting point for DNA — to use for DNA sequencing, since they did not know what animal the sample actually came from. They decided to employ a generic primer often used for ancient vertebrate mammals, like a woolly mammoth or giant sloth, Glass said.

After finding a usable sequence, the team entered it into GenBank, a genetic sequence database that compares a sample to its collection of all publicly available DNA sequences.

A sequence popped up. It was not woolly mammoth. It was not mastodon. It was not even Megatherium. It was green sea turtle, Glass said.

The team was not entirely surprised. Glass said that during Davis’ research, he had come across letters from Wendell Phillips Dodge, the organizer of the

famous 1951 dinner, to Howes.

When he sent Howes the meat, Dodge filled out the specimen label that it was Megatherium.

However, around the same time, many newspapers reported that the Explorers Club served mammoth. Howes wrote back to Dodge to thank him for the sample, and to clarify what exactly it was a sample of.

“Dodge wrote this very confusing, bombastic, long-winded response,” Glass, now a term member of the Explorers Club, said. “It went on this long tangent about [how] it could be mammoth or it could be sloth … and then at one point [Dodge] says, jokingly, ‘What if I could, say, turn giant ground sloth into Chelonia mydas?’”

Chelonia mydas is the scientific name for green sea turtle.

Caccone noted that the results of this study show the importance of museum collections and of keeping good specimen records, as well as the power of DNA analyses and collaborative research, as the authors of the study came from three different departments at Yale.

Davis and Glass were co-lead authors while Caccone and Sargis, along with Timothy Walsh of the Bruce Museum, were coauthors of the study, published Feb. 3.

The 112th Annual Explorers Club Dinner will take place at the Waldorf Astoria in Manhattan on March 6. It is billed as Oceans; Current of Life.

Contact CAMERON HILL at cameron.hill@yale.edu .

ASHLYN OAKES/ILLUSTRATIONS EDITOR

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 11

“It’s not the size of the dog in the fight, it’s the size of the fight in the dog.”

MARK TWAIN AMERICAN AUTHOR AND HUMORIST

Researchers analyze origins of cancer metastasis

BY TRAN DANG CONTRIBUTING REPORTER A Yale study published on Feb. 8 on the evolutionary pathway of cancer tumors may pave the way to personalized drug therapy and earlier detection of metastasis, the spread of cancer from one organ or body part to another.

Using technology made possible by the Human Genome Project, an international research project with

the goal of sequencing human DNA in its entirety, researchers at the Yale School of Public Health were able to pinpoint, on an evolutionary scale, mutations that play a role in the formation of tumors and metastasis. This study was significant in determining which mutations occur early on in

ZISHI LI/STAFF ILLUSTRATOR

the cancer, or even before the cancer develops, and how early mutations leading to metastasis can occur.

“What we did that was novel was we actually applied traditional evolutionary biology approaches to analyzing the data,” said Jeffrey Townsend, study coauthor and professor at the School of Public Health. “Essentially, by using these approaches, we’re not saying that cancer is ‘kind of’ an evolutionary process. It is an evolutionary process.”

Samples of primary and metastatic tumors, as well as normal tissue, were taken from 40 deceased patients at

autopsy.

These samples were then sequenced using only the exomes, the parts of the genome that are expressed. The mutations are then placed on a chronogram — an evolutionary timeline — and compared across patients to see whether common mutations occur earlier or later in cancer development, said Ziming

Zhao, co-author of the study and postdoctoral fellow at the School of Public Health.

Townsend explained that there is a long-standing linear model for how cancer develops.

“There is some sort of specific set of mutations that have to arise in order to go from normal tissue, to a neoplasm, to a slow-growing tumor, to a fast-growing tumor and to metastasis,” Townsend said, describing the linear model that proposes that metastases should be more closely related to each other than to the primary model.

The study found that the tumor progression is not a linear pattern, Zhao stated. It is unlikely that a single mutation can trigger metastasis because the metastatic tumors can originate from divergent lineages, she added. Previously, researchers have tried to find genes that induce metastasis, but this study was not able to find significant genes that trigger the spread, she said.

Although a significant origin for metastasis was not pinpointed, the timing of the mutations outlined in the paper is of great importance, according to the researchers.

“We also found that the metastatic lineages can arise early during cancer evolution. Metastases occur even before the diagnosis,” Zhao said.

Yale School of Medicine professor Sidi Chen, a cancer researcher who was not involved with the study, said he finds the discovery of timing for the appearance of mutations to be novel.

He added that current diagnostic methods designed to detect metastasis tend to be late.

This information is now common knowledge for many clinical oncologists.

“But to be able to give a date to such a precise degree as this study does is striking,” Chen said.

The discovery of the early mutations offer the greatest implications of the study. Townsend pointed out that the mutations that occur early will be present in the primary tumor as well as the metastases. If drug therapies targeted these early mutations, then the entire cancer, both primary and metastatic, would be targeted.

However, because the origins of metastatic tumors themselves are not clear, Townsend reaffirmed that further research should focus on the mutations of already wellknown tumor suppressor genes such as ras and p53. Mutations in these genes occur very early and commonly across the patient samples. He argued that based on what this study has shown, researchers should not spend too much time and money trying to find factors that would lead to metastasis.

Chen disagreed and spoke about the possibility of further research into metastatic origins.

“The authors actually revealed multiple mutations, hitting multiple genes in metastasis,” Chen said. “These genes provide functional candidates to test in animal models. We can knock these genes out and see if they drive metastases.”

He continued by suggesting that the study can be improved by increasing the tumor samples and the number of patients. This would paint a more comprehensive metastasis mutation landscape, he said.

“In the future, we hope we have the funding to do research on more particular tumor types and with larger sample sizes,” Zhao said, echoing the sentiment.

The Human Genome Project, completed in 2003, was a 13-yearlong endeavor proposed and funded by the U.S. government.

Contact TRAN DANG at tran.dang@yale.edu .

Flooding disrupts watershed ecosystem

BY GRACE CASTILLO STAFF REPORTER A new Yale study has shown that flooding caused by storms impacts the natural processing of organic matter within a watershed — the area of land that includes a particular river or lake and all the rivers, streams and other bodies of water that flow into it.

Researchers developed a concept called a “pulse-shunt,” which helped provide a framework for understanding how organic matter moves through watersheds.

Flooding can “pulse” organic matter into watersheds, and “shunt,” or abruptly force, the matter further

and more quickly downstream than normal, so that the organic matter does not have time to go through its regular processes, including the average life cycles of foundational microorganisms in the watershed’s ecosystem. This concept can help elucidate how flooding impacts watersheds, according to the study.

“Our focus was to look at how major ecologic effects, such as floods, affect the downstream processing of organic matter. What we found is that this transport, or pulsing of organic matter down the drainage network, occurs in disproportionately large amounts during flood events,” School of Forestry & Environmental Studies professor

and study co-author James Saiers said.

Organic matter, including leaves, algae and other natural debris, goes through biogeochemical changes as it moves through the watershed.

This organic matter can affect water quality and visibility, Saiers added.

According to the paper, variation in water quality can impact what kinds of microorganisms — an important food source for other stream life — are able to grow.

If there were two years of the same total rainfall, but one year had much of the rainfall delivered in one or two large storms while the other had small amounts of rain spread out over many months, the effects

on organic matter would be different, Saiers explained. In a February press release, lead author and F&ES professor Peter Raymond said that the total quantity of organic matter coming off the landscape is greatest when there have been a few large weather events as opposed to several smaller ones.

The findings are particularly important given rising temperatures worldwide, Saiers said. He noted that the intensity of storms is expected to increase in response to climate change, and that these weather events could exacerbate the pulse-shunt concept proposed in their paper. The results — disrupted watersheds and ecosystems

— could significantly impact the environment, he added.

Researchers have planned further studies based on this research, Saiers said. These studies will test the hypothesis put forward in this paper by looking at organic matter within the large Connecticut watershed and seeing how it changes in relation to weather events, he added.

According to the National Centers for Environmental Information, a part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2015 was the warmest year on record.

Contact GRACE CASTILLO at grace.castillo@yale.edu .

HUY TRUONG/CONTRIBUTING ILLUSTRATOR

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JUSTIN SEARS ’16 AND BRANDON SHERROD ’16 FEATURE FRONTCOURT HONORED The pair of Yale men’s basketball forwards also received Ivy League Honor Roll recognition. Sears averaged 23 points, including a 31-point outburst against Penn, and 9.5 rebounds over the weekend, while Sherrod added 16.5 points and 5.5 boards per contest.

LENA MUNZER ’17 AND TAMARA SIMPSON ’18 PERIMETER PLAYERS STAND OUT Both Yale women’s basketball guards earned spots on the Ivy League Honor Roll for their play this weekend. Simpson scored a career-high 28 points on Friday. With Simpson out due to injury on Saturday, Munzer stepped up with a career-high of her own, registering 20 points.

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“We were able to come together as a team, focus on the controllables and get ourselves back into the game.”

VICTORIA MOORE ’17 WOMEN’S LACROSSE YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

Tennis teams 4–0 on weekend

BY DEREK LO CONTRIBUTING REPORTER At the beginning of a monthlong stretch of nonconference competition for both squads, the Yale men’s and women’s tennis teams finished off the month of February with a combined four wins and zero losses this past weekend.

The Eli women (4–5, 0–0 Ivy) extended their winning streak to four with home wins over Massachusetts, Fairfield and Long Island University, including dominant 7–0 victories in the latter two matchups.

Meanwhile, the Yale men’s team (5–4, 0–0) rebounded from a seventh-place showing at the ECAC Championships last week by defeating Furman 5–2 in Greenville, South Carolina for head coach Alex Dorato’s 300th career win at Yale.

“Every match we’ve improved, and I think we’re only going to get better,” women’s captain Ree Ree Li ’16 said.

“We definitely haven’t peaked yet, which is what we want since Ivy season doesn’t start until April.”

The Yale women’s team’s Friday match was the Bulldogs’ closest, as UMass (5–6, 0–0 A-10) managed to take two individual matches from the Elis at the No. 2 and 4 positions. The Bulldogs sealed the team victory with wins elsewhere in the lineup, including a 3–0 doubles record that featured all matches decided by just two sets. In singles play, a close 7–6, 4–6, 1–0(8) victory for No. 1 Tina Jiang ’17 was perhaps the most exciting match of the day.

The Elis returned to play on Sunday for a pair of straightforward 7–0 vic-

tories, with almost every match also being a lopsided win. Against Fairfield (1–8, 0–0 MAAC), Yale’s lineup combined to win 72 of 74 singles games and 18 of 20 doubles games, and the Bulldogs’ match against LIU (0–5, 0–0 NEC) hours later, despite Yale playing with a different lineup, was only slightly closer.

In that match, Yale was victorious in 65 of 83 singles games and 18 of 23 doubles games. The only set loss for Yale on the day came at the No. 1 spot against LIU, where Sherry Li ’17, who moved up from the No. 2 spot and was playing in her fourth match of the weekend, dropped her first set 4–6 before rallying for 6–1 and 1–0(2) wins in the final two sets.

“I think we went into the [LIU] match confident that we would win, but we also recognized that anything could happen any day,” Ree Ree Li said.

“So it was important for us to compete hard and take the opportunities we had.”

Playing on Saturday in much warmer weather, the Yale men started their match against Furman (3–5, 0–0 SoCon) with a strong showing in doubles. Captain Jason Brown ’16 and Alex Hagermoser ’17 overcame Furman’s Cameron Green and Adam Steryous 6–2, and Photos Photiades ’17 and Martin Svenning ’16 clinched the doubles point with another win for Yale, also winning by a 6–2 margin at the No. 3 doubles spot. Yale’s Fedor Andrienko ’18 and Stefan Doehler ’18 lost 6-4 at the No. 1 spot, but this did not affect Yale’s victory.

“We played with a lot of energy and SEE TENNIS PAGE 8

TENNIS

JACOB MITCHELL/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

In addition to her three doubles wins on the weekend, women’s captain Ree Ree Li ’16 won 6–0, 6–0 at the No. 1 spot against Fairfield.

New group teaches fitness

Streaky affair ends in Yale defeat

BY MATTHEW STOCK CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Coming off a 7–8 campaign in 2015, the Yale women’s lacrosse team fought back from a 4–0 hole early on but ultimately dropped a 9–7 road contest to Lehigh on Saturday in Erica LaGrow’s Yale head-coaching debut.

With the score tied at fourapiece, Lehigh rattled off another streak of five unanswered goals which spanned the end of the first half and beginning of the second.

“I think we came out a bit slow

in each half but were able to pick it up on the back end and put up a good fight,” Marks said.

Yale attempted to complete its SEE WOMEN’S LACROSSE PAGE 8

WOMEN’S LACROSSE

MATTHEW STOCK/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Students could exercise with new peer mentors in a variety of campus facilities.

BY DANIELA BRIGHENTI STAFF REPORTER With the upcoming launch of a new student organization called “Fitbuddies,” a group of Yale student-athletes is seeking to unite varsity athletes and nonathletes in pursuit of a more active lifestyle.

Fitbuddies will pair Yale students with varsity student-athletes for one or two weight-training sessions per week, when the athlete will give the other student exercise tips and motivate him or her to work out, according to program founder and former men’s soccer midfielder

Saul Downie ’18. Studentathletes, who through training with their teams acquire significant experience in weightlifting, can help pass on this knowledge as “peer mentors,” Downie said.

As of Saturday, the organization had 15 varsity athletes signed up as peer mentors as well as the support of multiple athletics administrators, who see the program as a positive initiative that can bring student-athletes closer to the rest of the student body. The program has not begun accepting nonathlete sign-ups but plans to launch by Friday, when stu-

dents will be able to request a peer mentor via email.

“At Yale, a place that is so academically intense, there is no question that some students feel intimidated about going to the gym,” Downie said. “Even if they go to the gym, they might not know what to do besides run on the treadmill or do the elliptical.”

The idea for Fitbuddies came from Downie’s freshman year experiences, when he walked on to the Yale men’s soccer team and enrolled in Directed Studies, a reading-intensive freshSEE FITNESS PAGE 8

STAT OF THE DAY 300

In a game marked by streaky scoring from both sides, the Bulldogs (0–1, 0–0 Ivy) could not overcome a late-game deficit despite outscoring the Mountain Hawks (1–1, 0–0 Patriot) in the second half.

“Lehigh was our first game, and there were definitely some firstgame nerves,” defender Victoria Moore ’17 said. “We were able to come together as a team, focus on the controllables and get ourselves back in the game.”

Goals from five different Yale players kept the Bulldogs within striking distance, but were eventually insufficient to defeat Lehigh in Bethlehem. Attacker Tess McEvoy ’17, who ranked third on last year’s team with 16 goals, led the Yale offense with three goals and an assist, while goalie Sydney Marks ’18 made seven saves on 16 shots in her first career start in goal.

Lehigh opened the game with four consecutive goals in the first 10 minutes, including two from last year’s team points leader Allison LaBeau. During that time period, Yale did not muster a single shot attempt.

However, the Bulldogs answered with four goals of their own in the ensuing 10 minutes, three of which were scored or assisted on by McEvoy.

COURTESY OF YALE ATHLETICS

Yale came back from a 4–0 deficit to tie the game early on, but a five-goal run by Lehigh ultimately produced an insurmountable Mountain Hawk lead.

THE NUMBER OF VICTORIES FOR THE YALE MEN’S TENNIS TEAM UNDER HEAD COACH ALEX DORATO. The Bulldogs earned Dorato, who is in his 24th season at the helm of the Eli program, the milestone victory this past weekend against Furman by a 5–2 margin.