Today's Paper

NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT · TUESDAY, APRIL 19, 2016 · VOL. CXXXVIII, NO. 120 · yaledailynews.com

INSIDE THE NEWS MORNING EVENING

SUNNY CLEAR

67 43

CROSS CAMPUS

IN MADAGASCAR STUDY LOOKS AT EXTINCT LEMURS

BED BUGS BITE

TAKE BACK THE NIGHT

Third bedbug sighting at James Hillhouse High School draws ire

ANNUAL SPEAKOUT TO PROMOTE SEXUAL RESPECT

PAGES 10-11 SCI-TECH

PAGE 3 CITY

PAGE 3 UNIVERSITY

Storlazzi meets with Students Unite Now

Big day, Big Apple. Voters in New York will head to the polls to cast ballots for both the Republican and Democratic primaries today. Donald Trump, Sen. Ted Cruz and former Ohio Gov. John Kasich will appear on the GOP ballot, and Hillary Clinton LAW ’73 and Sen. Bernie Sanders will appear on the Democratic ticket. Trump and Clinton are both New Yorkers. In one week, Connecticut residents will vote in the state’s primary.

Fly the Coop(er). Journalist

Anderson Cooper ’89 has been selected as the recipient of the 2016 Yale Undergraduates’ Lifetime Achievement Award, Yale College Council President Joe English ’17 announced yesterday. While at Yale, Cooper was a political science major and men’s lightweight crew coxswain. He is currently the host of Anderson Cooper 360° on CNN. Cooper will accept the award in Battell Chapel on Friday.

You are now watching the Chairs. The Dean of Student

Affairs’ office announced the class of 2017 Class Day chairs yesterday. Larry Milstein ’17, an opinion editor for the News, and Joana Andoh ’17 will select next year’s speaker and serve as masters of ceremonies for Class Day exercises. Past speakers have included former President George H. W. Bush ’68, John Kerry ’66 and Vice President Joe Biden.

“M.” Thousands of members of

the student body were annoyed last night when they were added to the email panlist, “Atweek2010-plan.” Within hours, students had sent over 250 messages to the panlist, replying-all to the original email. The News congratulates the individuals who invaded the email inboxes of the Yale student body last night.

Matters in our own hands.

Mind Matters, a student organization committed to promoting mental health awareness and advocacy, will host a student panel titled “Faces of Mental Illness.”

Five students will share their experiences with mental illness and mental health resources at Yale.

THIS DAY IN YALE HISTORY

1983 Class Day chairs announce that feminist author Betty Friedan, who wrote “The Feminine Mystique,” will be the Class Day speaker. Friedan was the co-founder and first president of the National Organization for Women.

Follow along for the News’ latest.

Twitter | @yaledailynews

y

Cultural literature showcase to go up in Bass Library PAGE 5 UNIVERSITY

For second year, Spanish draws no grad students

BY VICTOR WANG STAFF REPORTER

on Monday. “Parents and students contribute based on sound needsanalysis principles; the University makes up the difference. These are universal principles adopted by all schools with need-based programs.”

The administration has been criticized by students in the past for defending the student effort based on the need for what has been described by students and administrators as “skin in the game” — the idea that requiring students on financial aid to work to afford Yale makes them more invested in their educations. Students have maintained in the past that the policy

For the second year in a row, the Spanish and Portuguese Department will welcome zero new graduate students, as all six candidates to whom the department extended offers have declined to join the program next fall.

In light of the news, no graduate courses will be offered in the coming academic year, temporary external Director of Graduate Studies Edward Kamens ’74 GRD ’82 told department faculty in a Sunday night email. Each ladder faculty member now “needs to reconsider” his or her teaching plans, Kamens wrote, as professors will only teach undergraduate courses in the coming year. Spanish and Portuguese graduate students only take courses in their first two years.

The department has found itself entangled in controversy over the past year, after accusations surfaced in March 2015 of abuse of power and sexual harassment by some senior faculty members. An administrative review of the department last year found a climate of “fear and intimidation” but did not propose disciplinary action against any faculty members, leading some professors and graduate students to criticize the response as insufficient.

The department’s failure to attract graduate student candidates over the past two years comes largely due to these controversies, which have been well-publicized. There were only 19 applications to the graduate program this year — less than half the usual number — and faculty members have also said that the pool of candidates was of lower quality than in previous years. Graduate students and faculty members interviewed said that while the enrollment result is unsurprising, it highlights the disastrous state of the department and the uncertainty of its future. “[The lack of incoming graduate students] is a disaster and would bring the long and distin-

SEE STORLAZZI PAGE 4

SEE SPANISH DEPT. PAGE 4

Eyes on the prize. The

2016 Pulitzer Prizes were announced yesterday. Among the honorees is Elizabeth Alexander ’84, who was a finalist in the biography or autobiography category for her book, “The Light of the World: A Memoir,” which was published last year. Alexander taught English and African American Studies at Yale for several years before leaving the University to teach at Columbia this academic year.

READING RESILIENCE

KAIFENG WU/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR

The meeting was held at Student Financial Services.

BY JON VICTOR STAFF REPORTER On Friday, representatives from the campus activist group Students Unite Now met with Director of Financial Aid Caesar Storlazzi in an effort to persuade him to endorse the group’s stance on eliminating the student effort. At the meeting, Storlazzi defended the existence of the student effort and refused SUN’s requests to advocate to other administrators on behalf of the group, according to SUN members present.

The meeting, which roughly 25 members of SUN attended at Student Financial Services, was a fol-

low-up to a speak-out held by the group outside the same building on March 10. Three days earlier, SUN launched a website called financialaidatyale.org that called for the elimination of the student effort and shared emotionally charged stories of student struggles with the expectation, as well as endorsements from 12 campus groups. In the meeting, Storlazzi doubled down on his claim that financial aid should take the form of a partnership between students, their parents and the University, according to SUN members who attended.

“The partnership idea is fundamental to a need-based financial aid program,” Storlazzi told the News

F&ES leads carbon charge program

BY FINNEGAN SCHICK STAFF REPORTER At the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, collective action from students, faculty and staff is making Yale’s pilot Carbon Charge Project more collaborative and educational.

After University President Peter Salovey announced the pilot program — which charges 20 campus buildings at different levels depending on their energy use — in December 2015, the F&ES community has stepped into a leadership role among all participating buildings, departments and schools. Kroon Hall’s formerly high levels of energy consumption were reduced after F&ES students and faculty worked with Yale Facilities staff to discuss how the building could be made more energy-efficient.

James Ball FES ’16, a master’s student specializing in sustainable building, penned an April 13 article on the F&ES website that demonstrates how the school is heading the reduction of energy use across all campus buildings participating in the Carbon Charge Project.

Ball told the News that he wrote the article in part because the Carbon Charge Project initially appeared too focused on simply reducing energy use across campus and was neglecting the program’s broader educational potential.

In the past four months, Kroon Hall’s energy use has been reduced by 7 percent relative to the building’s 2015 consumption — a decrease Ball hopes other campus buildings will learn to emulate.

“You can reduce energy and still learn valuable lessons, or you can reduce energy and not learning anything from it. But in an academic institution, the learning has to be front and SEE FORESTRY PAGE 6

Caucus delivers State of the City address

BY NOAH DAPONTE-SMITH STAFF REPORTER The Board of Alders’ Black and Hispanic Caucus used its annual State of the City address Monday evening to highlight three critical issues facing the city: jobs, housing and youth services.

Much progress has been made since the caucus’ last State of the City address, in which Hill Alder Dolores Colon ’91 and Newhallville Alder Delphine Clyburn demanded that Yale University and Yale-New Haven Hospital hire more New Haveners to solve the city’s “jobs crisis.” In December, Colon noted Monday, Yale has pledged to hire 1,000 more New Haven residents over the next three years, with 500 coming from “neighborhoods of need.” Still, Colon said, more work

remains to be done, and she called for Yale-New Haven Hospital to contribute to the battle against joblessness.

“The caucus will be in constant communication with Yale University … as they take actions to meet their hiring goals,” she said. “We thank Yale for stepping up to the plate on this issue. Now, Yale-New Haven Hospital, you need to step up to the plate and make a commitment to put New Haven residents back to work.”

Jose Soto, a New Haven resident who joined Colon and Clyburn last year to describe his plight after being laid off from his pharmaceutical job in 2009, joined the alders again this year to attest to the benefits of permanent employment.

Since he last spoke, he said, New Haven Works — an agency designed

to connect residents with jobs in the city — found him on-the-job training and a position at Yale.

Now, Soto said, he has secured full-time employment with the city of New Haven, and his family has begun to repair their lives.

Alders also addressed the status of low-income housing in the city, as well as the availability of youth services.

Amity Alder Richard Furlow spoke at length about the need for all New Haven residents to have access to safe, affordable housing — an issue that has come to the fore after the discovery of hazardous chemicals and unsafe conditions at Church Street South, a housing project south of Downtown.

“Good quality housing is a key SEE CAUCUS PAGE 6

NOAH DAPONTE-SMITH/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Furlow praised Mayor Toni Harp at the address Monday night.

PAGE 2

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 19, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

OPINION

.COMMENT “Yale without New Haven would just be Princeton” yaledailynews.com/opinion

For accountable policing

GUEST COLUMNIST TAY L O R H O L S H O U S E R

Don’t tax Yale L

ast week, Connecticut’s General Assembly moved ahead with S.B. 414, a bill that would revoke the tax-exempt status of several academic buildings owned

by Yale, including Payne Whitney Gymnasium, the Yale Center for Genome Analysis and the Yale Repertory Theatre. If passed, the bill could cost the University several million dollars a year in additional payments to New Haven. While such a figure seems inconsequential for a University with annual revenues of more than $3.3 billion, SB 414 has the potential to damage relations between Yale and New Haven at a time when both stand to benefit from cooperation. As students, we should be concerned for both the place we go to school and the city we call home.

Campus discourse so far has largely favored the city. Some fault the University for not doing more to improve New Haven’s public schools, which are seen by many as inadequately funded and understaffed. Others accuse Woodbridge Hall of turning a blind eye to the increasing inequality between neighborhoods that receive investment from University Properties and those that don’t. As evidence, many point to the higher rates of violent crime in neighborhoods that lie beyond walking distance from campus. Of course, this criticism of Yale’s involvement with New Haven has its merits, but in this case much of it lies outside the limited scope of S.B. 414.

We must remember that Yale has done a lot for New Haven.

Since 1991, the University has made more than $96 million in voluntary contributions to the city, including $8.5 million in the last year alone. These payments supplement the state’s Payment in Lieu of Taxes program, and do not include the $4.5 million that Yale pays on its non-academic properties, such as the shops on Broadway. In 1994, the University founded the New Haven Homebuyer Program to assist Yale employees looking to buy a home in New Haven. In the last 22 years, the program has paid $28 million to 1,134 faculty members and staff who now live in neighborhoods across New Haven — from Dixwell to The Hill to West Rock.

This has strengthened the local housing market and provided New Haven with additional sources of revenue. Yale has also maintained its own police force, funded the renovation of parks and community spaces, built facilities like

I

the Dixwell-Yale Community Learning Center and provided scholarships for local students.

Every week, Yale students and faculty volunteer with charities and nonprofits to support those in need, which has in turn helped reduce the cost of social services paid for by the city.

Local businesses have also benefited from Yale’s presence in New Haven. According to the Connecticut Conference of Independent Colleges, visitors and students spend an estimated $244 million around the city every year, while the University pays out more than $2 billion in annual wages and benefits to its employees, many of whom live and work in the greater New Haven area. In 2013, Yale had an estimated $8.7 billion impact on the state’s economy. Additionally, Yale’s support for scientific research and entrepreneurship has bolstered New Haven’s growing biotech industry. Companies like Arvinas and Melinta Therapeutics have brought jobs and growth to New Haven at a time when others, such as General Electric and the small-arms manufacturers, have chosen to leave the state.

Yet S.B. 414 threatens all of this. The University has made it clear that it sees the bill as an unconstitutional measure that would trample on Yale’s charter, which requires the approval of the Yale Corporation before changes are made by the General Assembly. Yale would also be joined by charities, nonprofits and other universities who rightly see the bill as a threat to the tax-exempt status of their own properties. While there have been some doubts about whether or not the University would win a potential lawsuit, both sides would likely spend millions in legal fees on a fight that does not need to happen.

It would benefit no one to return to the tense town-gown relations of 30 or 40 years ago.

State legislators and city alders should refrain from attempts to extort Yale by legislative force, while Woodbridge Hall must also be careful that its attempt to push back against the Legislature are not perceived as a contest between the financial power of the University and the people of New Haven. The aim should be to create a respectful and meaningful dialogue that allows Yale and New Haven to discuss the areas where each can do more.

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NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT

n 1997, an East Haven cop fatally shot Malik Jones, an unarmed black New Havener.

It wasn’t the first time police profiled and used excessive force against a person of color in our city, and it won’t be the last. But it inspired a grassroots movement that brought together citizens from every corner of New Haven — including students — to fight for accountable policing.

In 1999, the year of the next citywide election, Elm City residents voted for a referendum creating a civilian review board that would have been historic for its strength and community input. The majority of its members would be elected, it would be required to resolve complaints within 90 days and it would be empowered to subpoena officers and formally recommend disciplinary action.

In 2001, two years later, with a looming Democratic primary battle against State Senator Martin Looney on the horizon, Mayor John DeStefano signed an executive order authorizing a watered-down version of the Civilian Review Board that voters had chosen in 1999. It preserved important provisions from the original proposal — the board could subpoena officers and recommend discipline to the Board of Police Commissioners, which would have to respond in writing if it did not adopt the recommendation. But it removed, among other things, elected members and the timeline for resolving

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COPYRIGHT 2016 — VOL. CXXXVIII, NO. 120

complaints.

Finally, residents of New Haven had a way to make sure their complaints about police misconduct were heard.

FISH STARK But problems persisted: The process for Elm City submitting a emphasis report to the committee was opaque, the processes for selecting committee members were questionable and despite DeStefano’s executive order, the board never gained the power to subpoena officers. The public perception was that the board was a nice symbol but ineffective: not a real check on police power.

Frustration simmered.

In 2011, a coalition of Board of Alders candidates, organized and funded by Yale’s blue- and pinkcollar unions, won a majority of seats on the Board of Alders in a wave election, besting many incumbents who had DeStefano’s backing. In a tragic year that saw a near-record 34 homicides in New Haven, public safety was on everyone’s minds, and the new majority coalition on the Board of Alders championed a return to community policing and greater public accountability for the New Haven Police Department.

In 2013, the new Board of

Alders proposed a revision to the city’s charter that committed to replacing the old, weak CRB with a new, powerful one that would better represent citizens. The measure overwhelmingly passed by public referendum, and advocates for police accountability were hopeful.

It is now April 19, 2016. The Civilian Review Board has not met since December 2014. It has not, according to the New Haven Register, reviewed a case since August 2014 — before current sophomores stepped foot on campus.

The Board of Alders’ Joint Legislation and Public Safety Committee was tasked with proposing the structure of the new CRB. A public meeting in January 2015 drew over 200 attendees and lively debate. A second meeting was scheduled for last June, but according to the city of New Haven’s website, it was postponed. It has not been rescheduled. It has been over a year since the aldermanic committee has met.

Sometimes good change takes time. Often it is better for policymakers to be thoughtful and cautious rather than hasty. But when no public meetings have been held on the issue for over a year, it’s safe to say that public officials aren’t carefully deliberating their responsibility to create a civilian review board; they’re ignoring it.

New Haven has made incredible strides with community policing: Walking beats, de-

escalation training and direct engagement between officers and residents are practiced every day by the NHPD. But at a time when police violence against people of color is rampant as ever — even in New Haven — it is critical that citizens have the power to fight against police misconduct.

A civilian review board is not just good policy — it’s legally required by the city charter. Earlier this year, the Board of Alders felt so strongly about following the city’s charter to the letter that they spent $250 an hour to sue the Board of Education for a perceived charter violation. By their own logic, couldn’t the Board of Alders also be sued for allowing a year and a half to go by without a CRB meeting of any kind?

Students have fought alongside New Haveners for police accountability for decades, and we should continue to do so. Protest with groups like ANSWER that rally against police brutality, often less than a block from our dorms. Better yet, contact our alders, Sarah Eidelson ’12 and Jeanette Morrison — who serve on the dormant “Joint Legislation and Public Safety Committee” — and tell them that New Haveners have already waited 19 years for a powerful civilian review board. They shouldn’t have to wait 20.

FISH STARK is a junior in Jonathan Edwards College. His column runs on alternate Tuesdays. Contact him at fortney.stark@yale.edu .

ASHLYN OAKES/ILLUSTRATIONS EDITOR

G U E S T C O L U M N I S T J O H N A T H A N YA O

TAYLOR HOLSHOUSER is a sophomore in Saybrook College.

Contact him at taylor.holshouser@yale.edu .

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'SAPH' ON 'WASSERMAN: THE BRIDGEPORT MYTH'

T

hough my graduation from Yale is only a few weeks away, I can still remember the climactic spring day that would mark the start of my time here: the day I was accepted. As happy as I felt that afternoon five years ago, I could not help but ask myself, why?

Just within my own high school, there were stronger athletes and musicians, stronger writers and scientists. They all wanted to go to Yale as badly as I did, and worked as hard as I did, but did not have the same opportunity as I had to matriculate. There is a reason the admissions office says that they could refill any class multiple times over with the same quality of students. The process seemed a total crapshoot, and the only thing I possessed more of was luck.

Despite these odds, my time here at Yale has been an unambiguous privilege and has given me an overwhelming number of opportunities. I am about to earn not just one but two degrees from the University that had once deferred my early action application.

This year, as a new admit to the School of Public Health and now a newly minted alumnus of the college, I volunteered to inter-

Earn this view applicants for the Class of 2020. In the midst of getting to know some truly accomplished and public-spirited high schoolers, the feelings of sentimental ambivalence came back to me.

With animated eyes, these students tell me what they like about Yale: living in residential colleges, taking classes with legendary professors, the boundless extracurricular offerings and resources, the people. It’s true I tell them. All of this — and everything else — is what makes Yale so great.

With a newfound zeal, I write their evaluations and feel excitement for them — until I remember Yale’s sobering low acceptance rate. I knew deep down that no matter what I write, most of them would be rejected. This fact was confirmed on March 31 when admissions notified me of the decision of my interviewees: All were rejected.

In truth, Yale’s prestige and reputation have always hinged on its selectivity. Every year, there is yet another record-low acceptance rate. And the University seems to derive a sense of satisfaction from this fact. But to put human faces and stories onto the masses of rejected applicants makes me wonder what I’ve done to deserve the benefits

that have come at the expense of so many others. I feel tremendously grateful but equally uneasy about whether my sense of gratitude can itself be enough to validate my ticket to Yale.

I’m sure that this feeling is not unique to me. I imagine this is why University leadership has always reminded us of a responsibility of civic service during our opening-day exercises and on commencement.

But despite our president’s lofty words, ideas of service and higher purpose inevitably take a back seat to the same default habits we have unconsciously developed merely to survive the academic, extracurricular and social pressures that we still face. These pressures to compete and advance will continue to exist after college, perhaps to an even greater degree if we continue chasing after fancy titles and fancy material possessions.

It’s the never-ending rat race, the ruthless climb up the ladder.

If we go down this path without time for pause, we will be caught in a cycle of avarice and mutual envy. We will be worse off.

Such narratives are true, but they do not necessarily have to be true.

Today, I try harder to remember the high school kids who

would have done almost anything to come to this school and still could not. I try to remember that I also did almost everything I could do to come to this school and ultimately was able to. I try to remember the sense of gratitude I felt as a freshman. But if I am to be conscious of my gratitude, then I also must be conscious of my duty to do something with my degree.

This responsibility is unsettling, but necessary. This is the price and the promise of our Yale degree. Our time here at Yale is short — a mere stopgap in our time as part of broader communities. Communities that took us in when we first entered the world. Communities that we’ll return to on breaks and after we graduate. If we make these communities our own as much as we have made Yale our own, if we do our best with our education and think about the needs and problems that extend beyond just those of our own, then I am confident that when we are done, we will have deserved our place at Yale. We will have earned this.

JOHNATHAN YAO is a 2015 graduate of Jonathan Edwards College and will graduate from the School of Public Health in 2016. Contact him at johnathan.yao@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 19, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 3

NEWS

“People have no tolerance. They think all bugs are bad. It’s the American way. If you don’t like something, kill it.” CARL OLSON AMERICAN AUTHOR

CORRECTIONS MONDAY, APRIL 18

State debates “Ban the Box”

The article “Start-up provides coding instruction” misstated the price of CodeSail, a summer coding bootcamp.

Take Back the Night draws diverse crowd

BY MONICA WANG STAFF REPORTER Dozens of students gathered on Cross Campus last Friday afternoon for the annual Take Back the Night speak-out, during which survivors of sexual violence shared their stories in the open air. Take Back the Night events have been held at Yale for decades, but this year’s programming comes on the heels of heightened awareness of Yale’s sexual climate.

Organized by the Yale Women’s Center, Communication and Consent Educators and Unite Against Sexual Assault at Yale, Take Back the Night is a weeklong series of events designed to promote sexual respect. Take Back the Night is held on Yale’s campus every year, as well as on many other campuses across the world, but organizers at Yale said this year’s speak-out attracted a broader range of attendees, given recent events that have plunged Yale into the national spotlight.

In particular, survey results from the Association of American Universities last fall showed aboveaverage rates of sexual misconduct on Yale’s campus, and in February, former men’s basketball captain Jack Montague was expelled for violating University policies on sexual misconduct.

USAY Co-Founder and CoDirector Helen Price ’18 told the News that Take Back the Night drew a larger and more diverse crowd this year, which she attributes to the fact that Yale’s sexual environment has been “such a big issue” on campus lately.

“It was very encouraging to see so many attendees who were not from backgrounds traditionally associated with this kind of activism,” she said. “That’s in line with what I’ve seen in the past few weeks — several fraternities and other organizations have reached out to USAY to discuss how they can improve their sexual climate. We’ve also done workshops for the new members of all the fraternities this semester, and it’s been encouraging to see the thoughtfulness and engagement with which they have participated.”

Moving forward, organizers said they are confident that discussions on the topic of sexual misconduct are encouraging — not dividing — the Yale community as students, faculty members and administrators alike seek to promote a better sexual climate on campus.

Take Back the Night sends the message that it is all right to talk about sexual violence and to share personal stories without feeling ashamed, said Nat Aramayo ’17, who is a CCE and one of the speak-out’s three moderators.

“Given all of the things that have happened over the last year, I think there was even more of an emphasis on making this event ring true to what it has been for the last few years,” Aramayo said. “[Take Back the Night] is not a place to call out or … encourage negativity and draining conversations … but instead to have spaces and activities that make people feel empowered and feel like they are not having their personhood reduced to an instance or experience of trauma.”

Nevertheless, Aramayo said not all survivors need to speak out in public, since individuals deal with their experiences in many different ways. It is about “meeting people where they need to be met,” they said.

Other activities scheduled as part of Take Back the Night include a yoga class, a floating dance party and an improv workshop on positive communication.

Price added that she hopes the discussions about sexual violence and proper conduct on this campus will lead to a “tangible, permanent” shift in Yale’s sexual culture.

Assistant Dean of Student Affairs and Director of the Office of Gender and Campus Culture

YALE DAILY NEWS

New Haven passed its Ban the Box Ordinance in 2009, removing questions about applicants’ criminal history from city job applications.

LISA QIAN/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Take Back the Night’s speak-out on Friday drew a diverse crowd to hear survivors’ stories.

Melanie Boyd ’90, who organized many Take Back the Night events when she was an undergraduate at Yale and moderated the 1989 speak-out, said she has found her experiences with the events to be “powerful” and “formative.”

Take Back the Night has evolved over time and become more flexible for different people’s needs in recent years, she said.

For example, while the speak out was once held during the evening, it is now held during the day to ensure that it is open to everyone, regardless of gender, Price said.

Boyd said this year’s organizers focused on broadening the range of experiences shared at the microphone and expanding other related events, as both survivors and allies looked for different ways to participate.

“Given how long and hard this year has been for so many students, the 2016 [Take Back the Night] placed a strong emphasis on mutual support and self-care,” she said.

CCE Lucia Baca ’17, who also moderated the speak-out, described Yale’s version of Take Back the Night as “particularly constructive.” The daytime speak-out included both stories of violation and of empowerment that ultimately sought to support survivors, she said. Baca added that the programming also helps broaden the narrative of sexual respect, break down the mold of victimhood and reaffirm the importance of supporting friends and peers on campus.

Four attendees interviewed agreed that the Take Back the Night speak-out was a positive learning experience.

Senior Associate Athletic Director for Student Services Brian Tompkins, the former head coach of Yale men’s soccer and one of the attendees on Friday, said he was made aware of Take Back the Night through his involvement with the Intercultural Affairs Council and the Yale Women’s Center. He attended the speak-out because he was interested in hearing the testimony of students who can “better educate” him regarding Yale’s sexual climate, Tompkins said.

“I was moved by the courage of the people who spoke, particularly those dealing with the aftermath of some harrowing events,” he said.

Given recent campus controversies, Tompkins said there is a heightened sensitivity to Yale’s sexual climate. He added that while there are ongoing challenges facing the community, many people are invested in creating a safe and supportive campus.

“The message that [Take Back the Night] aims to send has evolved a lot over the years. It began as being very defiant, but now has shifted to focus on inclusivity and support for survivors,” Price said. “I think it’s a great event to end the year on, and can promote a lot of conversation on campus.”

Contact MONICA WANG at monica.wang@yale.edu .

BY AMY CHENG AND JAMES POST STAFF REPORTERS Every day for over a year, Janna Saville has stood at the northwest intersection of George and Park streets asking for money.

Saville, who suffers from multiple sclerosis, was sent to prison in the 1990s after writing a bad check for medical treatment she could not afford.

Since leaving prison over a year ago, she has been homeless, though she has submitted dozens of job applications over the past few months. The reason, Saville says, is “the box” — the check box on job applications that requires applicants to indicate whether they have a criminal history.

“I’ve been applying everywhere. You name it,” Saville said. “I’ve worked at Stop & Shop for seven years. I worked at Dunkin’ Donuts. I’ve worked everywhere before going to prison.”

Advocates say the box simplifies the hiring process for businesses by allowing employers to more easily screen applicants and decide who deserves an interview based on presence of a criminal record. But because of stories like Saville’s, a nationwide movement called “Ban the Box” developed after the 2008 recession calling to remove the question from applications. The movement led to the adoption of legislation in over 50 cities across the United States that restricts employers’ ability to screen applicants’ criminal history. This movement does not exclude Connecticut, where a bill to ban the box passed

through committee last month.

New Haven passed its Ban the Box Ordinance in 2009, removing questions on city job applications about criminal history and permitting background checks only after employers have made a provisional offer of employment.

Earlier this year, House Bill 5237, the Fair Chance Employment Act — which would expand the protections that are currently offered in Connecticut — was introduced to the state General Assembly. More extensive than New Haven’s Ban the Box Ordinance, the bill would ban private and public sector businesses from checking applicants’ criminal history until employers make a conditional offer of employment.

After being referred to the Joint Committee on Labor and Public Employees in February 2016 and unanimously passing through the Office of Legislative Research and Office of Fiscal Analysis in March 2016, the act currently sits in the Office of Legislative Research and Office of Fiscal Analysis.

“What we’re trying to do is make sure that people who have been in the system have an opportunity to find work,” said state Sen. Gary Holder-Winfield, one of the bill’s sponsors.

“We recognize there are some jobs that you really do need to know what people’s history is. But as time has progressed there’s been a proliferation of using criminal background checks as a barrier to employment.”

Holder-Winfield said that the bill would apply to all job seekers, even those who have just been released from prison.

Employers should not consider the amount of time applicants have been out of jail when making hiring decisions, he said.

Holder-Winfield added that the American prison system is based on the notion that once criminals have completed their sentences, they are absolved of their crime.

The Yale Undergraduate Prison Project is another proponent of the Fair Chance Employment Act. Patrick Sullivan ’18, co-coordinator of YUPP’s advocacy branch, noted that the discrimination that ex-offenders face is a harmful manifestation of a stigma against people who have served a prison sentence. Sullivan added that a person’s debt to society has been fully repaid after his or her time in prison. “[Ex-offenders] have spent their time in prison,” Sullivan said. “As I see it, [prison] is not to exorbitantly punish people or continue to punish people for the rest of their lives. They go to prison and they are supposed to be rehabilitated and reintegrated into society. And the people in prison want to do that. They want to participate in the community. They want to have a job.”

Opposition to the bill comes from employers who say they are seeking the best candidates for their job openings. The National Federation of Independent Business has been a vocal opponent of H.B. 5237 as it is currently drafted. According to NFIB Connecticut State Director Andrew Markowski, small business owners are concerned about the limitation and burden they would have to shoulder if the bill passes in the

state General Assembly.

Markowski said this bill disrupts the small business owners’ hiring processes. Under the proposed bill, employers can only conduct background checks on their applicants once they have made a provisional offer. But he said this oftentimes slows down the hiring process and adds unnecessary steps for small business owners.

If employers decide against hiring an applicant after the background check, they then have to restart the hiring process, Markowski said.

“The bill as currently drafted … is certainly a laudable goal to give everyone a second chance with regards to employment,” Markowski said. “But the bill as it is currently written, we think, it will place too much burden and liability on employers and shield relevant information from employers in the decisionmaking process.”

Yet proponents of the bill argue that it is necessary for businesses to adapt to the bill and that an initial criminal background check disadvantages minority groups. David McGuire, legislative and policy director for the American Civil Liberties Union of Connecticut, said there is “absolutely no doubt” that the existing system has a bigger impact on communities of color than on society as a whole, according to an April 1 CT News Junkie article.

One hundred former inmates are released in New Haven every month, according to Sullivan.

Contact AMY CHENG at amy.xm.cheng@yale.edu and JAMES POST at james.post@yale.edu .

Third bedbug sighting at Hillhouse High

BY REBECCA KARABUS STAFF REPORTER After the third bedbug sighting since February at James Hillhouse High School last week, New Haven Public Schools parents are reacting with mixed feelings to the school district’s response.

Nijija-Ife Waters, a former Hillhouse employee and NHPS parent, said a teaching-support staff member found and reported the first bedbug on Feb. 22, at which time Waters was working as a parent liaison at the school. The paraprofessional who found the bug brought it to the school nurse, who sent it to a lab for testing, Waters said. On March 14, another paraprofessional found a second bedbug.

Last week’s bedbug sighting on a computer keyboard elicited a formal response from the school district, which described the third sighting as an “isolated case” in an official statement sent to the Hillhouse community.

“Governing protocols were immediately implemented with Board of Edu-

cation and Health Department staff in conjunction with other city departments in order to address the issues within the school as well as to properly investigate and treat the source,” read an official notice issued jointly by the Department of Education and Department of Health.

“There is no reason at this time to believe that this isolated incident poses any risk to the larger building or student and staff population.”

The notice urged “responsible vigilance” among Hillhouse community members, noting that bedbug proliferation is “on the rise” in the Elm City.

The April 11 Hillhouse bedbug report came two weeks after an infestation surfaced at Harkness Hall, a 172-bedroom medical-student dorm directly across from Yale-New Haven Hospital. The Harkness infestation, which came to light on March 31, was the Universityowned building’s sixth bedbug infestation since October.

Superintendent Garth Harries ’95 could not be reached for comment Monday. All

NHPS schools are on spring break this week.

According to Waters, around 60 high school seniors refused to attend class last week after the third bedbug was discovered on the third floor of Hillhouse.

Waters, who also sits on the steering committee of New Haven Families Connect — a coalition of NHPS parents dedicated to providing feedback to the district — noted that many parents felt the school’s response was insufficient.

“Why is it that there are a lot of things happening in [Hillhouse High School] and you can’t give us a straight answer?” Waters asked. “We’re going around in circles.”

Waters said she and many other parents are concerned that information was being “swept under the rug.”

One Hillhouse parent who spoke on the condition of anonymity to avoid retaliation from NHPS said she thinks the district’s response has been contradictory because administrators called the first two sightings “rumors” and the

third an “isolated incident.”

The parent, whose daughter is an eleventh grader at Hillhouse, said she plans to meet with New Haven alders to discuss the problem. She added that she believes many Hillhouse teachers, parents and students fear retaliation for speaking about the “out of control” situation publicly.

Hillhouse parent Eva Perry, however, said she was satisfied with how the district addressed the bedbug sighting.

“Apparently they’ve handled the issue and I’m fine with it,” Perry said.

Waters said since students attend different classes in different rooms at Hillhouse, it is difficult to contain a bedbug outbreak to one isolated classroom.

The region spanning Hartford to New Haven ranked 34th on a list of markets with the highest number of bedbug treatments during 2015, compiled by nationwide pest-control leader Orkin.

Contact REBECCA KARABUS at rebecca.karabus@yale.edu .

PAGE 4

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 19, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT

“The greatest obstacle to international understanding is the barrier of language.”

CHRISTOPHER DAWSON SCHOLAR

At SUN meeting, Storlazzi defends student effort

KAIFENG WU/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR

Twenty-five members of SUN met with Storlazzi on Friday.

STORLAZZI FROM PAGE 1 disproportionately affects those at Yale with the highest financial need, and results in two different college experiences for students on financial aid and those who are not. Furthermore, students on financial aid have claimed that the policy does not affect how appreciative they are of attending Yale. In both cases — a partnership and having “skin in the game” — students are meant to have some sort of investment in their educations beyond just having their tuitions paid.

Jesús Gutiérrez ’16, one of the leaders of SUN who attended the meeting, said he understands that Storlazzi alone does not make policy decisions, like those which could abolish the student effort, but asked him to endorse SUN and advocate for the requirement’s elimination at meetings with University President Peter Salovey, Provost Benjamin Polak and Yale College Dean Jonathan Holloway. However, Storlazzi refused, based on the need for a partnership, Gutiérrez said.

In response to student activ-

ism over the past few years, Storlazzi and Dean of Undergraduate Admissions Jeremiah Quinlan announced at a Dec. 8 town hall meeting that next year, the summer portion of the student effort would drop, from $3,050, by $1,350 for students with the highest need and by $450 for everyone else. All five candidates running for Yale College Council president this year called for the total elimination of the student effort.

Despite next year’s decrease in the student effort, Quinlan told the News that the admin-

istration stands by the partnership he spoke about at the December town hall, stressing that the number-one goal of financial aid is to make Yale affordable. He said the administration does not expect this philosophy to change, and that ongoing conversations are about setting the appropriate amount for the expectation, rather than its total elimination.

“Just as in December, we feel that this is a partnership between students and families,” Quinlan said. “This belief has been the guiding principle

around our need-based packages for decades.”

Still, during a questionand-answer session after the December town hall, Storlazzi stated that Yale would completely scrap the contribution were it not for University budget constraints. This was after he and Quinlan emphasized the need for a partnership between students and their parents and Yale.

H. McCormick ’17, who attended the Friday meeting, was disappointed that Storlazzi would not endorse SUN, given

how much power Storlazzi has in influencing financial aid policy.

McCormick added that the student effort makes life extremely difficult for low-income students who are required to pay it. “[Storlazzi] doesn’t think that what we’re going through is real,” McCormick said. “He’s saying he hears us, but he’s also saying there has to be a threeway partnership.”

Yale’s current financial aid budget is $122 million.

Contact JON VICTOR at jon.victor@yale.edu .

No new grad students for Spanish dept.

YALE DAILY NEWS

Zero prospective graduate students accepted offers of admission from the Spanish and Portuguese department for next fall.

SPANISH DEPT. FROM PAGE 1 guished graduate program to an end unless something is done to reverse the trend,” Portuguese Director of Undergraduate Studies Kenneth Jackson said. “I will have to think what might be done to restore the graduate program.”

According to Spanish professor Anibal González-Pérez GRD ’82, the department initially extended five offers of acceptance. Kamens told the News that six offers were eventually made.

“There was a waitlist, but it also did not produce an acceptance of the offer, and the process is now closed,” Kamens said. He declined to specify how many applicants were on the waitlist.

The typical graduate program class size for the Spanish and Portuguese Department is five students, but the recent years of controversy have contributed to an unusually small graduate program. Not only did zero students enroll last year, but two of five second-year students have also left Yale in the past year.

The three remaining secondyear graduate students will be finished with their coursework after this year, González-Pérez said.

All professors and administrators interviewed expressed disappointment at the result, but did not offer specifics on how to reverse what may become a worrying trend in graduate student enrollment.

“This is a disaster foretold,

and it underscores the urgent need for change in the department,” González-Pérez said.

Jackson said some major changes may be necessary, but that they will not be easy or immediate.

Kamens — an East Asian Languages and Literatures professor who was appointed to replace former DGS Noël Valis this term following the climate review — told the News that he and members of the department would continue to work and reverse this situation in future years, but declined to comment further.

Department chair Rolena Adorno repeatedly ignored requests for comment.

A Spanish graduate student, who requested to remain anonymous due to the sensitivity of

the topic, said the department’s latest setback should serve as a catalyst for real change. The student said Adorno and Valis should take responsibility for the department’s “demise.”

“They have taken the department from being ranked number one in the nation to being a scholar’s last resort,” the student said. “My greatest fear is that the current graduate students will be the ones play the price for the sins of the professors and administrators.”

The National Research Council named the Spanish and Portuguese Department’s doctoral program first in the nation in 2010.

Contact VICTOR WANG at v.wang@yale.edu .

yale institute of sacred music presents

stravinsky

Les Noces and other works

Yale Camerata marguerite l. brooks conductor with

Yale Percussion Ensemble robert van sice director

sunday april 24 · 5:30 pm

Trinity Lutheran Church, 292 Orange Street, New Haven Free; no tickets required. ism.yale.edu

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 19, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 5

NEWS

“Climate change is happening, humans are causing it, and I think this is perhaps the most serious environmental issue facing us.”

BILL NYE SCIENTIST

GC3 fosters climate change conversation

BY CAITLYN WHERRY AND MATTHEW MISTER STAFF REPORTER AND CONTRIBUTING REPORTER In the midst of international focus on climate policy in Paris, the Governor’s Council on Climate Change released its Explor-

atory Report, catalyzing conversation about local climate action.

The March 2016 report reviews the work done by the council, also known as GC3, since its inception in April 2015.

Additionally, it lays the blueprints for climate action policy in 2016 and establishes

the committee’s environmental aspirations for 2050. The report garnered local attention as Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Commissioner Robert Klee LAW ’04 FES ’05 participated in a Monday panel, “Local Climate Change Planning: A Discussion of Policy

Responses by Connecticut, New Haven and Yale,” which aimed to disaggregate the levels of local climate-change responses and give perspective on the interaction of state, city and community groups.

“The government cannot subsidize its way out of this situa-

NOAH DAPONTE-SMITH/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The Governor’s Council on Climate Change held a panel to discuss its exploratory report Monday.

tion. We need the private sector,” Klee said. “We need businesses, universities, faith-based organizations, and we need them talking about how they can interact.”

The report focused on taking socially, economically and technologically appropriate action in response to the ambitious 2008 Global Warming Solutions Act. This act posed two objectives: to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 10 percent by 2020, using the 1990 level of 44.2 million metric tons as a baseline, and to decrease greenhouse gas emissions by 80 percent from 2001 levels by 2050. As of 2012, the 2020 goal has been reached, but the more ambitious 2050 goal remains intimidating, requiring a decrease from 39 million metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions to under 9 million in only 38 years, DEEP Director of Communications Dennis Schain said.

The committee, which is comprised of representatives of major state agencies, Connecticut businesses and nongovernmental organizations, is split into two subgroups, Schain said. One focuses on leadership, accountability and engagement and the other on analysis, data and metrics. The two groups are intended to supply different perspectives on policy recommendations, merging the implementation of technological advancements and data analysis with community engagement initiatives, Klee said.

“The solution is a combination of institutionalized connections as well as personal connections, which is why it is important to bring people together at the end of the day,” Yumehiko Hoshijima ’15 FES ’19 LAW ’19 said. “We are dealing with problems without precedent. There are not mod-

els as to how to go about solving this.”

The panel — which included Klee, New Haven City Engineer Giovanni Zinn ’05 and Assistant Director of the Yale Office of Sustainability Melissa Goodall — focused on the importance of combining provincial, municipal and community-based efforts to reach the goals enumerated by the GC3.

Zinn, who represented the city of New Haven, lauded the climate-change efforts introduced

by Mayor Toni Harp. He detailed Harp’s recent plans to improve bike infrastructure through the introduction of cycle tracks, the implementation of energy-efficient street lights and creation of new solar energy contracts.

“Mayor Harp brought vision of environmental sustainability to the city,” Zinn said. “We were challenged by residents to build a 21st-century city.”

The Yale Office of Sustainability was represented at the panel

by Goodall, who specified that Yale’s role in addressing climate change lies in educating students about sustainability.

Klee noted that Connecticut’s unprecedented goal of connecting city, state and community climate-change responses could have national influence.

“We’re a small state. We won’t move the needle that much, but we can provide a model for other places,” Klee said.

The suggestions made by the GC3 over the next few months will be compiled into a set of interim goals to be published in late 2016.

Contact CAITLYN WHERRY at caitlyn.wherry@yale.edu and MATTHEW MISTER at matthew.mister@yale.edu .

Library display to promote cultural awareness

BY JOEY YE STAFF REPORTER Campus conversations last fall surrounding racial solidarity reverberated not only from Hillhouse Avenue to Chapel Street, but into Yale’s libraries as well.

Last November, Yale drew national scrutiny as students engaged in debates, protests and conversations about racial justice on campus. In the midst of these events, Katherine Wyatt ’17 approached Director of Undergraduate Research Education and Outreach Emily Horning with the idea for a library display showcasing literature, recommended by students and faculty, that promotes understanding of different cultural and racial experiences.

Titled “Reading Resilience,” the project is led by Wyatt and Kimberly Mejia-Cuellar ’16 and is set to go up before the end of the semester.

“I believe students still have a lot to learn about each other’s cultures, and the project really sets up a platform for students to self-educate and continue the conversation on race,” Mejia-Cuellar said. “The project title ‘Reading Resilience’ is

meant to reflect the resiliency of the authors and communities we highlight and how we can all find liberation through better cultural understanding and education.”

Horning said the exhibition currently has roughly 60 books that have been submitted and recommended by students and faculty. She said the books will be rotated 10 at a time, adding that there is no current end date in mind. The books will be placed on shelves to the left of the Bass circulation desk, and they are all from Yale’s collections.

For the project, Mejia-Cuellar recommended the anthology “This Bridge Called My Back,” edited by Cherríe Moraga and Gloria Anzaldúa, which she said has been seminal to intersectional feminism and queer studies. Within the anthology, authors from a range of backgrounds including queer or heterosexual, impoverished or wealthy, African-American or Asian, grapple with the roles they come into contact with in their everyday lives, Mejia-Cuellar said. The anthology is great for complicating a person’s understanding of what it means to be Latina or a woman, she added, because it

allows readers to study the experiences and identities of women of color that are completely different than their own.

“The idea behind the project is that for conversations like last semester’s, we don’t want them to end,” said Peter Huang ’18, who joined the project after receiving an email soliciting interest that was sent out to undergraduate cultural groups. Huang was recently elected Yale College Council president on a platform that included his involvement with the Asian American Studies Task Force. “We do not want protests, but we want everyone to remain cognizant, and one way these things can stay constant is through the library … Books can remind you, that as a reader, you can learn more about the subject.”

There is a value to understanding the histories of different marginalized groups, empathizing with those communities and drawing similarities between one’s own experience and theirs, Mejia-Cuellar said.

In preparation for the project, Horning reached out to her librarian counterparts at the University of Missouri, another campus which experienced its own racial

movements last fall. She said the school had set up web pages with recommended lists of readings — which Yale has also done — as well as given student protesters time off to participate in protests and teach-ins.

“Our hope is that with a heartfelt recommendation from a fellow student or faculty member, that might be more of an incentive for a student who is interested in learning about people of color to pick a book off the shelf and read about them,” Horning said.

“From the library’s point of view, it is good because we are using our collection to promote dialogue.”

Horning said she hopes the exhibition will help continue campus conversations from the fall, adding that she plans for the library to also bring together books on other important topics as well. These books could be on anything from Supreme Court justices to college admissions, she said, and will be set up on the library’s website for recommended reading.

Bass Library currently holds about 150,000 books.

Contact JOEY YE at shuaijiang.ye@yale.edu .

yale institute of sacred music and letters journal present

Russian Ark Alexander Sokurov, Russia, 2002

friday, april 22 · 7:30 pm · ism great hall · 409 prospect st.

WA LIU/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

Bass Library will host a display of books celebrating the resilience and stories of people of color.

yale institute of sacred music presents

Teesri Dhun the third tune Documentary theater on transgender struggles in Pakistan performed in Urdu with English surtitles audience talkback follows

saturday, april 23 · 7:30 pm

Marquand Chapel · 409 Prospect St. Free; no tickets required. ism.yale.edu Presented in collaboration with the South Asian Studies Council

Free; free parking. ISM Baltic Film Series

Presented with support from Performance Studies Working Group and Interdisciplinary Performance Studies at Yale Original research funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada

recyclerecyclerecyclerecycle

YO U R Y DN DA I LY

PAGE 6

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 19, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT

“Present annual world energy consumption is about equal to the annihilation energy of four tons of matter.” BARNEY OLIVER SCIENTIST

Forestry School heads up carbon charge efforts FORESTRY FROM PAGE 1 center,” Ball said. “The learning opportunities for [F&ES] are perhaps more than other schools, but the interesting thing is that energy use exists for everybody regardless of what their studies are,” he said. Ball added that the Carbon Charge Project, which is in its pilot year, should be collaborative as well as competitive.

Ball said Yale’s facilities staff got their start on sustainable buildings when working with Kroon Hall, which was one of Yale’s first green buildings when it was completed in 2009. Kroon Hall is the most energy-efficient building on Yale’s campus, and has been internationally recognized for its energy efficiency.

To shift the focus of the Carbon Charge Project from simply addressing energy consumption to educating students about sustainability, a number of student research projects at F&ES have been sparked by Kroon Hall’s participation in the program. Under the guidance of Susan Wells, director of finance and administration at F&ES, students have researched the reduction of Kroon Hall’s energy use.

Data gathered from around 2,000 sensors around Kroon Hall that measure temperature and energy use can be used by students both at F&ES and beyond who are researching sustainable buildings. Ball said he has been working to make this data more readily available for student research projects.

The collaboration at Kroon Hall is due, in large part, to Wells, according to Sara Smith FES ’07 MPH ’07, program manager of the Environmental Studies Program at Yale College. Smith said that Wells helped convene a pilot group of F&ES representatives to reduce the building’s energy use.

Wells said that although Yale Facilities has hundreds of buildings to keep track of, several of the facilities department’s staff members meet regularly with F&ES deans and administrators to analyze the latest data from Kroon and address any potential energy problems that arise.

Underscoring the importance

GRAPH KROON HALL’S ENERGY USE 650,000

600,000

+23% 550,000

+20%

Expected energy use: 510,031 kWh

-6%

500,000

450,000

(Annual energy use in kWh)

2011

2012

-7%

2013

2014

2015

AMANDA HU/PRODUCTION & DESIGN STAFF

of collaboration across the entire school, Mauricio Barragan FES ’17 said his classmates have also assisted in the production of a video for the Carbon Challenge.

While Barragan praised the Carbon Charge Project for allowing students and faculty to test and study sustainability on their own facilities, he said the program’s six-month duration may

be too short a period to fully test certain ideas and behaviors.

“Our goal from the beginning was not just to reduce the carbon emissions of the building, but to use this opportunity to make Kroon Hall a living lab, where we could test different ideas,” Barragan said.

Although Kroon Hall is pioneering energy-reduction strat-

egies that non-science departments in the Carbon Charge Project could learn from, some F&ES students acknowledged that F&ES is in a better position to reduce energy use through academic research, making Kroon Hall’s success difficult to replicate across the University.

“The learning opportunities for [F&ES] are perhaps more than

other schools, but the interesting thing is that energy use exists for everybody regardless of what their studies are,” Ball said.

Barragan also pointed out that F&ES is well-positioned to approach the Carbon Charge Project because of the expertise of its faculty and students in topics like green buildings, carbon prices and environmental communications.

Today, an F&ES environmental economics group called On the Margin will host a discussion and presentation about the Carbon Charge Project, with a focus on the broader economic and political implications of carbon charge programs.

Contact FINNEGAN SCHICK at christopher.schick@yale.edu .

Black and Hispanic Caucus focuses on jobs, housing and youth

YALE DAILY NEWS

Hill Alder Dolores Colon ’91 called on Yale-New Haven Hospital to help solve the city’s joblessness problem.

CAUCUS FROM PAGE 1 foundation for ensuring a healthy community and vibrant city,” Furlow said. “Adequate housing must be a part of healthy and inclusive neighborhoods where people feel a sense of community and belonging.”

To that end, he praised Mayor Toni Harp for her anti-blight efforts, conducted through the Livable City Initiative. Furlow said alders are working with the agency to identify blighted houses in their neighborhoods.

Furlow noted the acute effect of foreclosures in the city — 200 foreclosures were completed in New Haven last year, and another 700 were initiated, more than in any other city in Connecticut.

Though he commended Rep. Rosa DeLauro for introducing federal bills to curb abuse by mortgageservice companies, he said the problem warrants more work.

Furlow introduced Gloria Council, a Westville resident who has experienced difficulty with her mortgage company ever since a workplace accident left

her unable to work. As a result of bureaucratic red tape surrounding disability payments, she fell behind on her mortgage payments and her mortgage company forced her to sign an unfavorable restructuring plan.

Now, Council said, she is calling on the Board of Alders and the city administration to help her fight the mortgage companies.

“I am not asking for a handout,” she said. “I only want my mortgage company to treat me fairly and not use my personal misfortune as an excuse to seize

my house and drain my savings. I do not want this company to steal my hopes and dreams from me and my children.”

The availability of youth services was the third priority Colon named; the Board of Alders has put youth issues at the forefront of its legislative agenda in recent years. Just over a week earlier, Colon noted, the Board of Education held its second election for student representatives, a cause championed by Ward 1 Alder Sarah Eidelson ’12 throughout the 2013 charter revision process and

over the last two years.

Now, Colon said, the Black and Hispanic Caucus is focusing on providing free meals for the city’s youth. The city began efforts to offer free lunches to young people last summer, and Colon said the project impressed the state and federal governments so much that they have offered the city funds to also provide free dinners this year.

“Children and families are hungry in this city, and will resort to any means just to nourish their homes,” Colon said. “The five

dinner sites need to be open to stop our children looking for food in places where it’s not safe.”

So far, four sites that offer free dinners have opened, and a fifth is due to begin operations in a few weeks. Other centers that provide youth services are The Escape, a teen homeless center, and the Q House, for which the city recently received a $14.5 million state grant to begin construction.

Contact NOAH DAPONTE-SMITH at noah.daponte-smith@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 19, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 7

BULLETIN BOARD

TODAY’S FORECAST

Partly sunny, with a high near 67.

North wind 5 to 10 mph increasing to 11 to 16 mph in the afternoon.

TOMORROW

THURSDAY

High of 62, low of 40.

High of 64, low of 49.

A WITCH NAMED KOKO BY CHARLES BRUBAKER

ON CAMPUS TUESDAY, APRIL 19 8:30 AM Ernesto Zedillo: The Conundrum of International Reforms Stalling When They are Most Needed. Former President of Mexico and Director of the Yale Center for the Study of Globalization Ernesto Zedillo will be joined by Qi Ye, director of the Brookings-Tsinghua Center, via video conference from Yale Center Beijing in this discussion. Evans Hall (165 Whitney Ave.), Rm. 4430.

4:30 PM After the Map: Cartography, Navigation and the Transformation of Territory in the 20th Century. For most of the 20th century, maps were indispensable. They were how governments understood, managed and defended their territory, and during the two world wars they were produced by the hundreds of millions. By the century’s end, however, there had been a decisive shift in mapping practices, as the dominant methods of land surveying and print publication were increasingly displaced by electronic navigation systems. Sterling Memorial Library (120 High St.), Lecture Hall and Memorabilia Rm.

WEDNESDAY, APRIL 20 6:30 PM WaterMellon Forum: The Third Annual Forum for Presentation of Food and Agriculture Related Senior Theses. The WaterMellon Forum is an event for seniors writing relevant theses to present their research to each other and other interested students. The forum is based on the Mellon Forum program that exists within the colleges, but rather than college affiliation, speakers are tied around the common theme of food — topics include the food system, agriculture, agro-ecology, agrifood systems and much more! Sage Hall (205 Prospect St.), Bowers Aud. 7:00 PM Indie Lens Pop-Up Screening: “Peace Officer.” Join the Yale Film Study Center and Connecticut Public Television for a free screening and discussion of “Peace Officer,” a documentary

by Scott Christopherson and Brad Barber. Linsly-Chittenden Hall (63 High St.), Rm. 101.

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4/19/16

By Bruce Haight

4 Office cabinet document holder 5 Texter’s “If you ask me” 6 Browse websites 7 Oscars host, e.g.

8 Mideast VIP 9 British Invasion nickname 10 Humorist Bombeck 11 Poisonous 12 Correct, as text 13 Game that drives home a point?

18 Envelope part 22 Pumpernickel buy 24 U.K. fliers 27 Annoy 28 Storage case for tiny scissors 29 “Death in Venice” author Thomas 30 Senseless 32 Six for you, six for me, e.g.

35 Posed 36 Bit of folklore 37 Giggly Muppet 38 Tandoori bread 39 Physics unit

Monday’s Puzzle Solved

SUDOKU TYING SHOE LACES

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9 5

8 3

©2016 Tribune Content Agency, LLC

44 On the house 45 Disney’s “__ and the Detectives” 46 Place for a hoop 50 Get bought up quickly 51 Key above D 52 Fauna’s partner 53 Records for later, in a way 55 Super, at the box office

4/19/16

56 Where rain falls mainly on the plain 59 Bothersome insect 60 Doc’s “Now!” 62 Santa’s access 63 Zesty flavor 64 Loot 67 Off-road transport, briefly

5 6

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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 19, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

SPORTS

“I have won some races, but not like this one.

Today I’m feeling like it’s my birthday.”

LEMI BERHANU HAYLE 2016 BOSTON MARATHON MEN’S WINNER

Yale unable to pull off upset victories WOMEN’S TENNIS FROM PAGE 12 emerge victorious on the day in a 6–4, 6–4 win in the No. 1 match.

A 6–1, 6–0 victory over captain Ree Ree Li ’16 and a 6–2, 6–2 win over Sherry Li ’17 put Harvard quickly ahead 3–1 overall, with the final shot of the Crimson’s 6–3, 6–3 defeat of Jiang in the No. 2 matchup glancing off the top of the net before slowly dribbling in front of a helpless Jiang to knock the Bulldogs out of contention.

With stiff competition remaining on the weekend, the Bulldogs pressed reset in preparation of their bus ride to Hanover the following day.

“The doubles point is especially important and crucial in the Ivy League, so we’ll work to be ready from the beginning on Sunday,” assistant coach Karina Kedzo said following the loss to Harvard.

Yale’s players heeded their coach’s call against the Big Green, winning in the No. 2 and No. 3 doubles matches to win the doubles point. The duo of Sherry Li and Valerie Shklover ’18 earned its second doubles victory of the weekend, outlasting Dartmouth’s Jacqueline Crawford and Lexxi Kiven 7–5 to clinch the point.

As has been an unfortunate theme this season for the Bulldogs, Yale started slow in singles play, with Dartmouth taking five of six opening sets. Zordani,

M. TENNIS FROM PAGE 12

MATTHEW STOCK/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

In singles, Ree Ree Li ’16 came back from a 0–6 first-set loss on Sunday to win in three sets versus Dartmouth. making her first Ivy appearance after a shuffling of the Yale lineup, was the lone first-set victor with a 7–6 win to start the No. 6 match. After losing her first set 6–0, Ree Ree Li battled back in the No. 2 match, grinding out a 0–6, 7–6(3), 5–4(8) win over Dartmouth’s Katherine Yau. The captain’s victory joined Zordani’s 7–6, 2–6, 10–4 win as the only Yale singles successes on the day, as the Big Green won straight-set

decisions in the remaining four singles matches to overcome its doubles deficit.

Dartmouth represented the ninth-consecutive ranked opponent for the Bulldogs. Despite coming away from the weekend winless, the Bulldogs highlighted their mental toughness against the Big Green, especially after the lopsided defeat to Harvard.

“I think that we went in with the mentality to take every

opportunity we had,” Ree Ree Li said. “I think that mentality helped us make the match closer, and hopefully will bring us to a win this weekend.”

Yale will round out its season on Saturday at home against Brown, with a chance to earn its third conference win of the season on Senior Day. Contact MATTHEW STOCK at matthew.stock@yale.edu .

Second team unofficially wins MEN’S GOLF FROM PAGE 12 Six Bulldogs finished inside the top 19 scores, and as a team, Yale led all competition in par-4 and par-5 scoring.

The winning squad comprised captain Joe Willis ’16, Henry Cassriel ’18, Jake Leffew ’19, James Park ’17 and Yale men’s squash player Jay Losty ’19, who participated as a temporary walkon to fill out the five-man team.

The golfers shot a 303 (+23) in the first round, leaving themselves in

Ivy woes persist

sixth place, but the group’s second-round score of 291 (+11) — the best round for any team in the tournament — catapulted it into first.

The Bulldogs’ official team earned its third-place finish in more consistent fashion, shooting a 299 (+19), followed by a 298 (+18). That group was made up of Eli starters Will Bernstein ’18, Jonathan Lai ’17, Eoin Leonard ’19, James Nicholas ’19 and Li Wang ’17.

Yale’s top performer was Wil-

YALE DAILY NEWS

Li Wang ’17 posted scores of 75 and 77 to finish with a 152 (+12) on the day.

lis, who finished tied for second at the tournament with a two-round score of 146 (+6). The captain shot a 76 in the first round before posting an even-par 70 in his final 18, which was tied for the secondlowest round score by any player.

The dominant second round, in which Willis was 3-under at one point, played a major role in the comeback victory of his team. “[Willis] had not been playing to his standard leading up to the event, and for the first time in his four years on the team, he wasn’t in the starting five,” Sheehan said. “His strong finish illustrated the very type of dogged, tough-minded competitiveness that has been the hallmark of his time at Yale.”

Willis added that he putted well, and that his consistency on the greens helped him save par on several holes throughout the day.

Cassriel finished just a stroke behind Willis. He shot very consistently throughout the day, following up his first-round score of 73 with a 74 in the second.

“I hit the ball well all day, which was nice given that I’ve been working a lot on the range the past few weeks,” Cassriel said.

A pair of Bulldogs, Bernstein and Leonard, finished just two strokes behind Willis at 148 (+8), good for a tie in fifth place with two other golfers. Leonard shot a 75 and 73 over two rounds and finished with six birdies, the second-most birdies of any player.

Along with Willis, Bernstein led all competitors in par-5 scoring, with each finishing 2-under on

holes 16 and 18.

Finishing at 150 (+10) were Leffew and Lai, who both shot a first-round 77 followed by a second-round 73. Park fared just one stroke worse, shooting the same opening score before a 74 in the latter round of the day. Wang finished 12-over with a 75 and 77.

Nicholas and Losty, who recorded scores of 154 (+14) and 177 (+37), respectively, were not counted in their teams’ final tally because each golfer’s score was the highest on his team.

While the second Eli team’s win does not count officially, this would have been the Bulldogs’ first victory since September for either the Yale men’s or women’s team. The previous one was the men’s first place finish at The Doc Gimmler tournament.

Both the men’s and women’s teams now look towards the highly anticipated Ivy League Championships, which will take place next weekend. The men’s tournament will be held at Metedeconk National in Jackson, New Jersey, while the women will be at The Stanwich Club in Greenwich, Connecticut.

“We feel good about our chances to perform well next week at Ivies,” Leffew said. “Our team has a lot of depth and we hope that will serve us well.”

The Ivy League Championships, a three-day event, will begin on April 22.

Contact SEBASTIAN KUPCHAUNIS at sebastian.kupchaunis@yale.edu .

to No. 36 Dartmouth (16– 8, 5–1) this past weekend, the Bulldogs (12–12, 0–6) find themselves shouldering their longest conference losing streak since their 0–7 Ivy finish in 2002. Yale now has just one more chance to crack the win column, when it faces Brown, also winless, on the road.

“The Ivy League has been very strong lately, with almost all the teams being ranked,” Alex Hagermoser ’17 said. “While we haven’t been as successful as we would like [this season], the higher level of play has made us raise our own level of play to match it.”

Visiting Harvard on Friday, the Bulldogs struggled to find momentum out of the gate. A Crimson sweep at doubles to start the evening represented the third conference match this year in which Yale has failed to record even one doubles win, and the struggles continued for the Elis in the singles matches. Ziqi Wang ’18 picked up his first win in the No. 1 singles slot this year, a 7–6(5), 6–4 victory over Harvard senior Nicky Hu, and Stefan Doehler ’18 continued to excel in the No. 5 singles spot, earning a 6–4, 7–6(3) win against freshman Christopher Morrow, but no other Bulldogs joined the duo in the win column.

Fellow sophomore Fedor Andrienko ’18 battled back from a 4–6 first set loss to force a third set in the No. 2 singles match, but ultimately fell 4–6, 6–3, 6–2 as the Crimson clinched the match, Harvard’s fourth consecutive Ivy League victory of the season following an 0–2 start in league play.

Yale finished off a grueling stretch of five straight ranked Ivy opponents with action versus Dartmouth on Sunday. Riding the momentum of four consecutive con-

ference wins, the Big Green took a quick lead at the Cullman-Heyman Tennis Center, maintaining its prowess in Ivy League doubles matches against the Bulldogs. Led by the ITA-ranked No. 70 duo of George Wall and Brendan Tannebaum, Dartmouth improved its conference doubles record to 6–0 with a 7–5 win over Andrienko and Doehler in the first match and a 6–1 dispatching of Jason Brown ’16 and Hagermoser in the No. 3 spot.

After clinching the doubles point, the Ivy League’s second-best team worked quickly in the singles matches against Yale. The Bulldogs’ lone victory of the afternoon came from Martin Svenning ’16, who toppled Wall with a 6–4, 6–4 sweep. Though Hagermoser and Doehler both held leads on other courts, Dartmouth wins everywhere else secured the match for the Big Green and halted the Eli sophomores’ pursuits of victory.

With their first 0–6 start to a conference season since 2002, the Bulldogs will now turn their effort toward avoiding both the bottom spot in the 2016 Ancient Eight standings and the program’s fifth last-place finish since 1999. A window of opportunity still remains, however, as Yale’s final opponent of the season is 0–6 companion Brown.

“The team’s approach remains an emphasis on improving each player’s game to his maximum potential,” Wang said. “We believe that, given the efforts we have put in throughout this year, the results will fall in our favor next weekend against Brown.”

The Bulldogs will visit Brown on Saturday, with play starting at 1 p.m.

Contact MATTHEW STOCK at matthew.stock@yale.edu .

COURTESY OF YALE ATHLETICS

Ziqi Wang ’18 went 1–1 on the weekend playing at the No. 1 singles slot for the Bulldogs.

Cancre ’17 talks Marathon performance MARATHON FROM PAGE 12 ple to be the holy grail of marathon running. It’s a race [in] which the vast majority of competitors have to qualify for entry to the race. A lot of people will aim for what’s called the “Boston qualifying time,” a time that allows you to run in the marathon based on your gender and age. It really varies. But there are a lot of marathons where half the participants are charity runners to just run on their own, but this year, I think of the 30,000 runners, 25,000 runners were qualifiers and 5,000 were charity runners. The charity runners also do an enormous amount of work and have to raise a lot of money, and by no count is that bringing down the level of competition, but you’re surrounded by people who work their butts off and have had to run another marathon in order to qualify for this one.

makes the Boston MarQWhat athon so special?

A

The number of people who go out to see the Boston Marathon is insane. You have close to a million people lining the streets. People come out from all over the place. It turns into parties — you go by a couple college campuses and it turns into “darties.”

The city of Boston has Patriots’ Day off, it’s a holiday, so all these kids don’t have school, so they’re all out there cheering for the runners. You have kids along the road with orange slices in their hands. It’s such an event.

the Boston Marathon QDoes hold any personal significance to you?

A

When I was little, I used to go to the marathon. When I was a senior in high school and I vis-

ited Yale over the days of the Boston Marathon, the bombing happened. I didn’t think I would run the Boston Marathon that soon after that event, because I needed first to qualify for Boston through another marathon, so I jumped at the chance to run Boston in my sophomore year. It’s kind of a long history, but I love the Boston Marathon and always have. It’s an incredible athletic event. you think the event has QDo gained significance since the bombing?

A

I think, for some people. It took a huge toll on the running community, on the Boston community. To come back and for “Boston Strong” to become a citywide mantra in response to [the bombing], you can feel it.

As far as security goes, you have police officers everywhere and every single [segment] has

six checkpoints where you have to show your ID number. So you can feel the effect of it, but in terms of significance, every step you take in that marathon is a response to something that tried to take away the sanctity of the event. It’s the oldest continuously run marathon in the world; I think this year was the 120th running of the Boston Marathon, which is why it’s so famous.

It’s arguably a more sentimental race, especially for people who are from Boston. placed approximately 30 QYou places higher than last year

despite running a slower time.

What can account for changes like that?

A

Last year was just kind of a dream race. I planned it really well, felt great, had done a lot of training. I went in this year with less training because

of the way the school year fell this year, with everything back a week. I was actually on China tour with the Spizzwinks(?) later, so I missed a week of training that last year had been a 90-mile week. A really essential part of marathon training is just getting in the time, so that robbed me of a week because it was tough to run in China.

The conditions [in Boston] were also horrible. You just had everyone slower. Both of the winners were three-and-a-half or four minutes slower this year than last year, and you had people dropping out. It’s tough because you’ve been training in the winter and putting in the miles … so the 20-miler, 23-miler, 24-mile runs before have been in 10 or five degrees Celsius, as opposed to [race day], which was 17 degrees Celsius. That has a huge difference on your body, which isn’t acclimated. It really does

kick your butt. your first meal after QWhat’s running a marathon?

A

Usually when you run a marathon, your body is slowly shutting down all nonvital functions. It’s like, why am I still running? What am I running from?

That’s what your body is thinking. Can we stop? Are you done?

I finish a marathon and don’t really eat because the thought of food is revolting, and when you push yourself to such an extreme, everything is kind of wonky. I got back and had white bread and peanut butter because it’s easy to digest, and drank a lot of water because I got super dehydrated during the race. Tomorrow’s going to be an interesting morning when I wake up.

Contact MAYA SWEEDLER at maya.sweedler@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 19, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 9

AROUND THE IVIES

“I refuse to join any club that would have me as a member.” GROUCHO MARX COMEDIAN

T H E H A R VA R D C R I M S O N

Final club deadline passes with little activity

BY C. RAMSEY FAHS Several final club leaders submitted largely noncommittal responses to administrators Friday on whether they plan to adopt gender-neutral membership policies, citing a lack of clear answers to questions they had posed.

In late March, Harvard College Dean Rakesh Khurana requested at a meeting with undergraduate leaders of Harvard’s unaffiliated single-gender social clubs that they inform him by April 15 whether or not they planned to go coed. The deadline carried no clear consequences for noncompliance.

Of the groups that met with Khurana at two meetings over the past month, representatives from

five said that their organization had not given Khurana a definitive answer on whether HARVARD they would change their membership policies.

All five said they had not heard of any other single-gender club informing Khurana of such a policy change.

Harvard College spokeswoman Rachael Dane declined to comment on the record on whether any clubs had announced an intention to go gender-neutral. Over the past year, Khurana has consistently declined to comment spe-

cifically on his discussions with final clubs, citing their confidential nature.

Multiple clubs, among them the all-male Fly Club, told Khurana that they needed more information from the administration in order to make a decision. Fly graduate president Richard Porteus Jr. informed Khurana of the Fly’s stance by way of a letter, a copy of which he sent to The Crimson.

“I had hoped that our written request to you for specific information we consider essential to a proper decision would have given the Fly the opportunity to discuss the matter at hand in more depth before April 15,” wrote Porteus, referencing a list of four yes-orno questions he sent to Khurana

in advance of another meeting last week between Harvard College administrators and final club leaders.

In that list, Porteus had asked if Khurana would recommend banning undergraduate membership in final clubs, whether such a ban would apply to female clubs and Greek organizations and whether Khurana would “recommend expulsion” for undergraduates who might violate a potential final club ban. According to Porteus and others present at the meeting, Khurana gave no clear answers to these questions.

“Having received no response from you, it is the opinion of our executive committee that the current university administration has

given us insufficient information to discuss the issue you raise with the degree of care such a decision requires,” Porteus continued in his letter.

The deadline from Khurana came near the end of a tumultuous academic year for Harvard’s final clubs, which for decades had enjoyed virtually unfettered independence from the college. Since he began his tenure in 2014, Khurana has made the clubs a focus of his deanship, publicly criticizing them and exhorting them to reconsider their single-gender policies. In the fall, the traditionally all-male Spee and Fox clubs accepted women into their ranks, with Fox Club undergraduates writing that “Harvard

has forced our hand,” in a letter explaining their decision.

This semester, the clubs were the subject of intense criticism from a university-wide task force report that cited both their perceived exclusivity and survey figures indicating a high prevalence of “nonconsensual sexual contact” as evidence of “a culture often inimical to Harvard’s mission.”

Recently, though, certain clubs have publicly fired back at administrators. Charlie Storey, at the time the Porcellian Club’s graduate board president, said his club was “being used as a scapegoat for the sexual assault problem at Harvard despite its policies to 76251for sexual help avoid the potential assault.”

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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 19, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Lemur extinction has long-lasting effects

BY ELLIE HANDLER CONTRIBUTING REPORTER A recent Yale study highlights the place the centuries-extinct giant lemurs had within Madagascar’s forest ecosystem and gives new weight to the necessity of conserving surviving lemurs.

Researchers from the Yale Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, along with partners from peer institutions, found that trees have been “orphaned” by the extinction about 500 to 1,700 years ago of the giant lemurs that once dispersed their seeds. According to study co-authors, the finding not only sheds light on the delicate balance of needs within Madagascar’s forests, but also lends more immediacy to lemur-conservation concerns. The study was published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on April 11.

“These lemurs went extinct between 1,700 years and 500 years ago,” said Sarah Federman GRD ’18, lead author of the study. “From a tree’s perspective that was maybe a generation and a half ago, so they haven’t really had time to adjust to this

changed dispersal landscape.”

Federman became interested in seed dispersal in Madagascar while studying the Canarium trees. According to F&ES professor Douglas Daly, who is also the director of the Institute of Systematic Botany at the New York Botanical Garden, Federman realized that there was a disconnect between the size of fruit of the Canarium trees and the size of the world’s surviving lemurs.

Unlike other seeds that can be dispersed by wind, water and other ecological phenomena, the seeds of fleshy fruits are normally distributed by animals.

Federman was curious to find out what animal was dispersing the huge seeds. She thought that extinct giant lemurs were the potential answer.

The availability of new genetic material from both surviving and extinct lemur species helped researchers craft a new tree for the history of lemur evolution, according to the study. The study demonstrated how different species of lemurs are related to one another. This family tree included the extinct species of lemurs, placing them within groups based on their genetic information. It showed that spe-

cies that exclusively ate fruit — frugivorous lemurs — popped up across the lineages, giving researchers an understanding of the previously underestimated breadth of frugivorous lemur diversity, according to the study.

Measurements of lemur skulls and jaws at the Duke Lemur Center helped the researchers more precisely identify the diets of extinct and surviving species. Combining the measurements of lemur skulls and analysis of Canarium fruits showed researchers that lemur species that have recently gone extinct were the sole dispersers for some species of Canarium.

“We identified all these [Canariums] that appear not to have dispersers, so they’re probability of survival is tenuous,” Federman said.

They also found endangered lemur species that are the only remaining dispersers for other Canarium species, putting those trees at risk as well, Federman said.

“Dispersal is good because it helps a new plant find growing space away from the parent tree and the plant’s probability of survival increases from the plant,” Federman said. “It’s best to be moved some distance.”

Daly emphasized that the Canarium trees are a major part of the Madagascar forests. The forests are already facing various environmental stresses and if the Canarium trees, which are an important structural feature to the forest, are lost, then the whole ecosystem could face a “tipping point.”

Other researchers involved with the study were interested in the complexity of the forest ecosystems.

“The message is very clear that ecosystems are these very complicated organizations. It’s like a house of cards,” said Anne Yoder, professor of biology and evolutionary anthropology at the Duke Lemur Center in North Carolina.

“You start thinking of lemurs as fundamental to the entire forest community, and when you pull that card out the whole thing will collapse.”

Alexander Dornburg, study co-author and an ichthyologist at the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, noted that the study has interesting implications for conservation tactics.

Although the researchers have highlighted the large estimated number of existing orphaned trees, this brings to the forefront the question of how far human intervention should go.

Federman said she is also interested in using this study for lemur-conservation techniques.

“You can say maybe this lemur is a conservation priority because it’s performing some ecological function that nothing else can replicate,” Federman said.

There are currently 101 species of lemurs in the world, all found in Madagascar.

Contact ELLIE HANDLER at eleanor.handler@yale.edu .

COURTESY OF SARAH FEDERMAN

There are 101 species of lemurs in the world, all found in Madagascar.

Link explained between positive perceptions of aging

BY ZAINAB HAMID CONTRIBUTING REPORTER A recently published Yale study found a biological mechanism that might explain why positive perceptions of aging lead to longer survival.

While previous research has found that positive self-perceptions of aging, or SPA, are linked to longer survival, researchers had not before found a biological mechanism explaining that relationship. The researchers examined whether the C-reactive protein, whose levels rise in response to stress-related inflammation, mediates the relationship between positive self-perceptions of aging and longer survival. The study included over 4,000 participants aged 50 and over. The participants were followed for a six-year period, during which their perceptions of aging and CRP levels were analyzed.

The study found that positive selfperceptions of aging were predictive of lower CRP and concluded that the protein acts as a partial mediator of the relationship between self-perceptions of aging and longer survival.

“In support of our hypothesis, we did find that this marker of chronic stress, or C-reactive protein, acts as a partial mediator,” said School of Public Health professor Becca Levy, senior author of the study. “What that means is that it is part of the mechanism, but because it’s a partial mediator, it suggests that there are probably other factors that are also involved.”

While the findings established

that part of the mechanism linking positive self-perceptions of aging to longer survival can be understood through a biological mediator, Levy said that psychological and behavioral factors are likely also part of this mechanism.

According to School of Medicine professor Thomas Gill, who is also the director of the Yale Program on Aging, research in aging is becoming more important because the population in the U.S. and most developed countries is aging substantially.

“People are living longer, and it’s not uncommon anymore for persons to live well into their 80s, and even into their 90s.” Gill said. “There’s also a larger proportion of persons who are now living to the century mark.”

Levy said it is becoming increasingly necessary to understand the biological and psychological factors that come together to maintain quality of life and improve aging health.

Richard Marottoli MED ’84 SPH ’91, medical director of the Dorothy Adler Geriatric Assessment Center at Yale–New Haven Hospital, said that Levy’s study offers an important link, without which the relationship between positive self-perceptions of aging and longer survival remains somewhat “nebulous.” He emphasized that the findings could help explain how the mechanism linking aging stereotypes and survival functions.

Marottoli added that the study’s findings might pave the way for medical interventions that improve the

aging process by manipulating CRP levels in the body.

“It does open up avenues for potential interventions that would have seemingly little downside but potentially substantial benefit, and certainly could be used in conjunction with more traditional interventions,” Marottoli said.

In addition to providing a potential clinical benefit, Levy said she hopes the research will help address some of the negative stereotypes associated with aging. According to Levy, research that examines age beliefs is important because it shows how societal perceptions of aging can impact an individual’s health. Levy added that this kind of research suggests that societies would benefit from bolstering positive perceptions of aging and combatting ageism and negative images of aging.

As far as future research directions are concerned, Levy said the next step is to better understand the psychological and behavioral mechanisms that link positive self-perceptions of aging to longer survival.

Understanding how these mechanisms work in conjunction with the biological mediator is also particularly important, Levy added.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2010, individuals between the ages of 45 and 60 made up 26.4 percent of the population while those aged 65 and over accounted for 13 percent of the population.

Contact ZAINAB HAMID at zainab.hamid@yale.edu .

MAZIYAR PAHLEVAN/CONTRIBUTING ILLUSTRATOR

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 19, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 11

“Monkeys are superior to men in this: When a monkey looks into a mirror, he sees a monkey.” MALCOLM DE CHAZAL MAURITIAN WRITER AND PAINTER

Parenting can counteract predisposed antisocial behavior

BY BRITTANY SMITH CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Researchers discovered that parenting has the strong potential to counteract a child’s biological propensity for callousunemotional behaviors.

In an April 8 Yale co-authored psychiatric study titled “Heritable and Nonheritable Pathways to Early Callous-Unemotional Behaviors,” researchers found that despite limited or no contact with their children, a biological mother’s antisocial behavior strongly predicted early callousunemotional behaviors. Despite this genetic correlation, the study also found that adoptive mothers’ “positive reinforcement” — any method of positively encouraging or praising a child for good behavior — protected children against early callous-unemotional behaviors.

High levels of this environmental factor of positive reinforcement buffered the effects of the genetic risk for demonstrating callous-unemotional behaviors, posed by the exhib-

ited antisocial behavior in biological parents. According to the co-authors, the study demonstrated that even strong genetic pathways to antisocial behavior can be mitigated by preventive treatment. Research partners include parties from the University of Michigan, Yale University, Wayne State University, the University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania State University, George Washington University and the University of Oregon.

“This study helps change the mindset around genetics,” said Leslie Leve, senior author and counseling psychology professor at the Prevention Science Institute at the University of Oregon.

“Just because [the risk] is genetic, it does not mean it’s not changeable. There’s still a lot we can do.”

All researchers interviewed said that antisocial behavior is a broad term referring to both violent and nonviolent behavior as well as conduct disorder. Antisocial behavior includes verbal and physical aggression, and minor crimes like theft. Callousunemotional behavior, however,

is a subset of antisocial behavior wherein individuals engage in antisocial behavior as a result of lack of empathy, lack of remorse or guilt and lack of fear. These low traits were used in the study as measures for identifying callousunemotional behavior in toddlers aged 18 to 27 months.

Leve said she conducts research with a focus on informing and improving preventative interventions. She also leads national research grants that focus on developmental pathways and intervention outcomes for at-risk youth and families — including analyzing trial treatments to prevent risk behaviors and examining the relationship between genetic, hormonal and psychological factors and behavioral development. Because drug abuse is one sign of antisocial behavior, Leve said the study has important implications for atrisk youth and drug prevention.

Psychology professor Arielle Baskin-Sommers, who did not work on this study but researches antisocial behavior and other aspects of psychopathology,

including callous-unemotional behavior, said the study’s findings can open a wide doorway to improving treatment and understanding the relationship between genetics and environment.

Baskin-Sommers said it was “unlikely that there is one single factor” contributing to the callous-unemotional behavior of a child. “[The] component of positive reinforcement is a valuable feature that can improve a child’s outcome,” she said. “This research helps us build profiles from which we can better diagnose and treat these conditions early on.”

Rebecca Waller, study coauthor and post-doctoral research fellow from University of Michigan, said that measuring callous-unemotional behavior in early childhood predicts who is most at risk later in life. However, she said, it is important to note that genetics indicate a heightened risk and were not a guarantee, as indicated by this study.

Waller, Baskin-Sommers and

Leve all said that this research can provide targets for future research, as well as targets for future treatment later in life.

While effective intervention depends on various circumstances, involving parents in child rearing has been proven very effective, Baskin-Sommers said. She said that researchers can use knowledge from the study to test different positive-reinforcement treatments. She added that one likely effective program involves training parents to effectively interact with their children.

She emphasized that if children display antisocial behaviors early on, then parents and children should be worked with in a dualtreatment program.

This study was funded by grants and awards from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the National Institutes of Health and the National Institute of Mental Health.

Contact BRITTANY SMITH at brittany.smith@yale.edu .

YANNA LEE/STAFF ILLUSTRATOR

Star radia tion strip sa way plan et atmosphere

CAMERON NELSON/CONTRIBUTING ILLUSTRATOR

BY MAYA CHANDRA STAFF REPORTER A new Yale co-authored paper reveals a phenomenon through which the atmosphere of planets is stripped away by radiation from the stars they orbit.

The research, published last Monday in the journal Nature Communications, uncovers new information about “superEarths,” planets two to 10 times the size of Earth. These planets orbit stars far enough away that collecting data on them proves

difficult, especially as many of these super-Earths do not appear on conventional astronomical graphs. The researchers identified photoevaporation, the process through which the atmosphere of a planet is stripped away by radiation from the star it orbits, as the cause of the conspicuous absence of these planets.

“These planets can’t withstand the radiation pressure from the star, so the gases from the planets are stripped away,” astronomy professor and study co-author Sarbani Basu said. “As a result, we

are left with this hole in the graph where we expect to see these larger planets.”

The project began when Mia Lundkvist and her supervisor Hans Kjeldsen, both researchers at Aarhus University in Denmark, began studying periodic changes in brightness in stars with orbiting planets. After plotting the data, they noticed that there were fewer hot super-Earths present in the diagram than they had anticipated, Lundkvist said. She decided to research why these super-Earths were not visible in

the data. The researchers ultimately determined that predicted effects of photoevaporation matched the measurements of the practical “invisibility” of these planets, many of which receive more than 600 times the amount of radiation than Earth.

According to the study, the researchers used data from the Kepler spacecraft to perform their analysis. They were able to use the data about stars to find out more about the smaller non-lightemitting planets that orbit them.

They used a technique known as

asteroseismology, a means of analyzing stars to understand both the internal structures of stars themselves and the effects those stars have on their exoplanets, according to Guy Davies, research fellow at the University of Birmingham and co-author of the paper.

“Just like seismologists study properties of what’s happening inside the earth using earthquake data, we study properties of stars using starquake data,” Basu said.

While other researchers have put forth theories and predictions regarding photoevaporation, this

study narrowed research down to an unprecedented degree of precision, Davies said. All researchers agreed that the data has demonstrated that photoevaporation is a phenomenon that can further clarify models of planetary evolution.

After the sun, the closest star to Earth is a triple-star system, Alpha Centauri, which consists of three stars bound together by gravity.

Contact MAYA CHANDRA at maya.chandra@yale.edu .

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YALE MEN’S LACROSSE DROP FROM THE TOP Following Yale’s loss to No. 3 Brown on Saturday — the first loss of the 10–1 Bulldogs’ season — the team’s ranking dropped to No. 4 in both major polls on Monday. Yale previously held a No. 1 coaches poll and No. 2 media poll ranking.

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YALE ATHLETICS THREE MORE CAPTAINS NAMED Several winter teams elected their next leaders at banquets last week. Reed Srere ’17 will captain men’s fencing, Michelle Chintanaphol ’17 will lead women’s swim and dive and Alex Goss ’17 will guide men’s swim and dive. Joanna Lew ’17 remains women’s fencing captain.

“I currently have one of the deepest lineups in the eight years I’ve been here at Yale.”

COLIN SHEEHAN ’97 HEAD COACH, MEN’S GOLF YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 19, 2016 · yaledailynews.com

Conference struggles persist over weekend

Ranked Elis eliminated from Ivy title race WOMEN’S TENNIS

BY MATTHEW STOCK CONTRIBUTING REPORTER

the unenviable possibility of a winless conference season.

With its hopes at claiming its first Ivy League title since 1993 already dashed, the Yale men’s tennis team emerged from its penultimate weekend of Ivy competition two steps closer to

MEN’S TENNIS After falling 5–2 to No. 48 Harvard (16–10, 4–2 Ivy) and 4–1 SEE MEN’S TENNIS PAGE 8

MATTHEW STOCK/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The duo of captain Ree Ree Li ’16 and Carol Finke ’18 split its pair of doubles matches over the weekend.

BY MATTHEW STOCK CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Having earned an ITA ranking for the first time all season after its upset win over thenNo.33 Columbia on April 9, the No. 69 Yale women’s tennis team entered this past weekend in search of its third upset of the conference season as it faced No. 58 Harvard and No. 54 Dartmouth.

However, the Bulldogs’ two opponents proved insurmountable. Yale (8–12, 2–4 Ivy) saw its losing streak swell to three games with a 6–1 loss to

the Crimson (12–10, 2–4) and a narrow 4–3 defeat at the hands of the Big Green (12–6, 3–3).

The pair of defeats pushed Yale into a three-way tie for last in the Ancient Eight, denying the Bulldogs a top-half conference finish and a chance at the Ivy championship for the second consecutive season after a 14-year streak of finishing among the four best schools.

“This weekend was definitely a challenge for us because Harvard played really well and Dartmouth was solid,” Elizabeth Zordani ’18 said.

“We were able to recover after

a tough loss from Harvard by having a close match with Dartmouth, but we weren’t able to get that extra match in singles to change the 3–4 loss to a 4–3 win.”

Hosting Harvard in their first outdoor spring action at the Cullman-Heyman Tennis Center, the Bulldogs battled in close doubles competition before the Crimson seized the point on wins in the No. 1 and No. 2 matches. Harvard’s 7–5 win over Madeleine Hamilton ’16 and Tina Jiang ’17, in which the Bulldogs squandered several late deuce points, clinched

Yale shows off depth at home tournament

BY SEBASTIAN KUPCHAUNIS CONTRIBUTING REPORTER The Yale men’s golf team enjoyed its first home tournament since October this past Saturday, hosting the Yale Spring Invitational. Against a field of 11 other teams that included Ivy League rivals Brown, Cornell and Dartmouth, two different Bulldog teams managed to post scores among the top four at the event.

MEN’S GOLF In a one-day, two-round tournament on the par-70 Yale Golf Course,

the official team for the Bulldogs shot a 597 (+37) to place third behind Bucknell and Dartmouth. Topping that performance was a second team from host Yale, which unofficially won the invitational in comeback fashion with a score of 594 (+34), just one stroke ahead of Bucknell.

“I currently have one of the deepest lineups in the eight years I’ve been here at Yale,” head coach Colin Sheehan ’97 wrote in an email to the News. “So I wasn’t shocked to see the Yale II post the score they did and unofficially win the tournament.”

SEE MEN’S GOLF PAGE 8

the doubles for the Crimson, snapping Yale’s three-match streak of securing the doubles point.

Despite its 0–7 last-place finish in the Ivy League last season — compared to Yale’s 3–4 mark — and an unspectacular 1–3 mark entering the weekend, the Crimson overpowered the Bulldogs in the singles matches. Only Hamilton and Amy Yang ’19 were able to notch first-set wins against a stingy Harvard lineup, with Hamilton the lone Bulldog to

COURTESY OF YALE ATHLETICS

Martin Svenning ’16 split his two singles matches over the weekend, and is now 8–3 in his last 11.

SEE WOMEN’S TENNIS PAGE 8

Cancre ’17 impresses at Boston Marathon

BY MAYA SWEEDLER STAFF REPORTER Already visible on campus due to his status as a member of the Spizzwinks(?) and as a Yale tour guide, Félix Cancre ’17 can now add another impressive trait to his list: three-time marathon finisher. One of several Yalies to run the 2016 Boston Marathon on April 18, Cancre ran the 26.2mile race in two hours and 44 minutes, finishing 231st overall and 189th in the male 18 to 39-year-old division.

The News spoke with the Lexington, Massachusetts resident hours after he completed the run.

MARATHON your running background, QWhat’s and when did you start running marathons?

A

I ran high school cross country and track and wasn’t particularly good. I got competitive toward my senior year but then came to Yale and decided I would rather sing, I wanted to be in an a cappella group, instead of half-assing both the track team and the a cappella group. I decided to just run on my own. But yeah, I ran everything in high school and ultimately decided longer distances suited me better. [I started running marathons] the summer after my freshman year of college. I trained throughout the summer, then ran a marathon in August of 2014. Then I ran my second marathon last year. It was also the Boston Marathon, so it was April of last year.

YALE DAILY NEWS

Jonathan Lai ’17, who finished 10-over in his two rounds, tees off on the first hole at the Yale Golf Course.

STAT OF THE DAY 98.5

sort of training do you do in QWhat preparation for a marathon, and

how do you stay motivated throughout the process?

COURTESY OF FELIX CANCRE

Félix Cancre ’17 completed the Boston Marathon on Monday in 2:44:00.

A

On campus, I run a lot, all over the place. Nobody is forcing me to do it, so there’s no team you’re letting down, there’s no coach, there’s nobody there to keep you accountable. With the marathon, you’re training four months for one day — it’s one race. There’s no weekly check-ins, but I set myself this goal. I’m going to meet it. So I put in the time, put in the hours on the weekend, make sure I’m treating my body well and eating healthy and doing whatever I can.

Q

Have you been training continuously since the last marathon in which you competed?

A

I took about two weeks off after the last marathon, and I was plan-

ning on running the New York City Marathon in the fall, but unfortunately got injured. I ran the New Haven 20K and got injured the following week.

That took me out from September to November, which was really hard. I do run to race, but I also run because it’s something that makes me really happy. Not being able to run for three months was pretty tough and actually made me appreciate being able to go back and race again. have you run the Boston MarQWhy athon twice?

A

I’m from the area, and it’s kind of considered by a lot of peoSEE MARATHON PAGE 8

THE PERCENTILE OF THE TIME THAT FÉLIX CANCRE ’17 RECORDED AMONG MEN WHO STARTED THE 2016 BOSTON MARATHON. The Yale junior finished 217th among the 14,877 men’s runners after completing the 26.2-mile course with a time of 2:44:00.