Today's Paper

NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT · TUESDAY, OCTOBER 7, 2014 · VOL. CXXXVII, NO. 29 · yaledailynews.com

INSIDE THE NEWS MORNING EVENING

CLOUDY RAINY

72 59

CROSS CAMPUS

ALCOHOLISM ABUSE CAUSES EXAMINED

OIL SPILL

GUN CONTROL

Coast Guard aids in clean-up at former English Station plant

NRA TO HOST “TRAINING SESSION” AT YALE

PAGES 10-11 SCI-TECH

PAGE 3 CITY

PAGE 5 UNIVERSITY

FFY renews divestment push

Shepherded away. A Monday

night post in the ‘Overheard at Yale’ Facebook group contained a picture of William Deresiewicz’s ‘Excellent Sheep’ book — famous for its denunciation of an Ivy League education — on a table reserved for works of fiction in the Yale Bookstore.

It’s because we’re smart.

Not Mayor Harp. At 7 p.m. today, a group will be performing selections from the historic Sacred Harp songbook. Taking place in Stoeckel Hall, the event will bring together Yalies and locals, singers and non-singers over “tunes inherited from the folk tradition and other forms of hymnody.”

Free at last. On Monday, the Princeton administration announced plans to lift caps on the number of A’s a department can give students, causing Tigers everywhere to celebrate by retreating to the library. Down with quotas.

Hay day. The School of Art launches a new exhibit out of the 32 Edgewood Avenue Gallery today: “Perception Unfolds: Looking at Deborah Hay’s Dance” somehow combines elements of dance, technology and film into an innovative and artsy display.

Foster’s home. Jodie Foster

’85 is selling her Hollywood home. The ‘Silence of the Lambs’ star is leaving behind a 6,000-square-foot home with a pool.

THIS DAY IN YALE HISTORY

1955 Results from the News’ campus-wide survey on Greek life are released, showing most students to feel that fraternities should simply serve as social organizations.

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PAGE 12 SPORTS

Researchers remain in Liberia

nies. Each signed copy was placed in the office of the President. As of 1:20 this afternoon, Pilar Montalvo, the director of administrative affairs in Woodbridge Hall, said that 181 letters had been delivered.

The two public health graduate students researching Ebola in Liberia since Sept. 16 will remain there for the foreseeable future.

The researchers, who were supposed to return to New Haven this past Saturday, have been advising the Liberian Ministry of Health on computer systems that monitor and model the Ebola outbreak, according to a Thursday email from Yale School of Public Health Dean Paul Cleary. Last Thursday, Cleary announced in an email to the YSPH community that the researchers were scheduled to return to the United States on Oct. 4. But in a Monday email to the News, Yale Medicine and Health Sciences spokesperson Karen Peart said that the graduate students are still in Liberia.

Peart said no specific return date has been determined but Yale officials are in regular contact with the students. She did not say why the researchers did not return as originally scheduled.

“We want to reiterate that the students will continue to follow all [Centers for Disease Control] travel guidelines to assure their safety and that of their colleagues at Yale and of the public,” Peart said in a Monday email to the News.

Peart would not disclose the names of the students.

As of Cleary’s Thursday email, the stu-

SEE FFY PAGE 4

SEE EBOLA PAGE 4

Living dangerously.

A Monday article in Slate profiled the 550-brain collection in the Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, where the organs are ominously stored, floating in jars. Cushing, who graduated from Yale College in 1891, collated the set between 1903 and 1932.

Elis race to fourth-place finishes in Paul Short invitational

BY PHOEBE KIMMELMAN AND STEPHANIE ROGERS STAFF REPORTERS

Resolved. The YPU is hosting former Attorney General Alberto Gonzales this evening to debate whether or not undocumented immigrants should be given American citizenship. Gonzales attended Harvard Law School after graduating from Rice University.

NeighborhoodScout, a website that aggregates information on cities and neighborhoods across the country, pinpointed New Haven as America’s 26th most dangerous city. The site analyzed data from the FBI’s most recent report on violent crime and also placed the Elm City above the three other Connecticut cities — New London, Hartford and Bridgeport — on the list.

CROSS COUNTRY

LARRY MILSTEIN/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Members of student advocacy group Fossil Free Yale urge the University to divest its assets linked to fossil fuels.

BY LARRY MILSTEIN STAFF REPORTER At 11:30 on Monday morning, Calvin Harrison ’17 opened the double doors of Woodbridge Hall and hand-delivered a letter addressed to University President Peter Salovey.

He was not alone. Over 20 members of Fossil Free Yale — a student group advocating that the University divest its assets from fossil fuels — solicited students passing Woodbridge Hall to sign letters urging the University to reconsider divesting its assets from fossil fuel compa-

Supreme Court won’t hear Zedillo suit

BY PHOEBE KIMMELMAN AND RACHEL SIEGEL STAFF REPORTERS A prolonged lawsuit alleging human rights abuses against Ernesto Zedillo GRD ’81, head of the Yale Center for the Study of Globalization and the former president of Mexico, has come to a decisive close.

On Monday morning, the U.S. Supreme Court denied the plaintiffs’ request to hear their case claiming that Zedillo was at least partially responsible for

a 1997 massacre of a village in Acteal, Mexico. Ten unnamed plaintiffs, who claimed to be survivors and relatives of those killed in the massacre, filed the original suit in July 2011, according to The Economist. In addition to the $50 million suit, the plaintiffs sought a public declaration of guilt from Zedillo.

A statement released by Zedillo’s lawyer, Jonathan Freiman LAW ’98, praised Zedillo’s service to the Mexican people and expressed relief that the Supreme Court declined to hear

Pro-choice group reemerges

BY NICOLE NG STAFF REPORTER After lying dormant since 2010, the Reproductive Rights Action League at Yale will reclaim its pro-choice voice on campus.

RALY’s revival comes on the heels of heated discussion regarding Choose Life at Yale that arose in April, after the prolife organization was denied full membership in Dwight Hall’s Social Justice Network. RALY President Isabella D’Agosto ’16 said she reinstated the group not as a counter to Yale’s prolife organizations, but to create an outlet for pro-choice activism that she herself had trouble finding on campus. D’Agosto is currently the only member of the group. RALY’s deadline for applications for its committee member positions was Sunday.

“I don’t think there is enough discussion that has to do with the student majority pro-choice [stance],” D’Agosto said. “I think the idea of discussion of reproductive rights is inherently linked to wom-

the case.

“The Supreme Court has finally put this frivolous lawsuit to an end,” the statement read. “Mr. Zedillo served his nation with ‘tremendous vision and courage,’ as President Clinton once noted. The calumnious claims against him are now put to rest.”

Zedillo directed all comments to his lawyer.

The lawsuit centered around the allegation that paramilitary troops backed by Zedillo’s government surrounded a

prayer meeting of Roman Catholic indigenous townspeople in Acteal in 1997. According to media descriptions of the event, the troops then massacred 45 villagers, who were unarmed and peaceful. The suit claimed that Zedillo bore some responsibility for the massacre because he was president at the time.

The charges included war crimes, crimes against humanity and cruel, inhumane and degrading punishment.

The Supreme Court’s decision not to hear the case comes

after a 2012 Department of State suggestion of immunity for Zedillo. However, any suggestions of immunity from the United States government did not prevent a 2013 Mexican court ruling that Zedillo was not eligible for immunity under Mexican law for alleged war crimes during his presidency.

The case was dismissed by two lower courts, first by the Connecticut Judicial District in July 2013 and again by the SecSEE ZEDILLO PAGE 6

Harp engages community on immigrant concerns

en’s empowerment, which I would personally like to see the University focus upon more directly.”

I think the idea of discussion of reproductive rights is inherently linked to women’s empowerment ISABELLA D’AGOSTO ’16 RALY aims to advance reproductive freedom as a fundamental human right and to encourage pro-choice discussion at Yale on the campuswide, citywide and national level, D’Agosto said. She added that in order to educate students about their reproductive health options, the group will look to compile a cohesive guide to reproductive health services SEE RALY PAGE 6

SKYLER INMAN/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

At a Monday night meeting, Mayor Toni Harp met with members of Unidad Latina en Acción to discuss concerns over immigrant rights and safety in New Haven.

BY SKYLER INMAN CONTRIBUTING REPORTER In a crowded room at the New Haven People’s Center, Mayor Toni Harp sat down with about 50 members of Unidad Latina en Acción at their regular Monday night meet-

ing to discuss growing concerns over immigrant rights and safety in New Haven.

Harp, who took a front row seat in the crowd, fielded questions and concerns from organizers and community members. ULA SEE IMMIGRATION PAGE 6

PAGE 2

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, OCTOBER 7, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

OPINION

.COMMENT “Please hold the administration's feet to the fire on the expansion of yaledailynews.com/opinion

Universal rights matter M

ulticulturalism and pluralism are in the news a lot these days. The reasons are mixed: Sometimes, it’s clear that we’re not working hard enough to make room for beliefs and identities different from our own; at other times, critics note that we can’t allow tolerance to override violations of what we believe are universal individual rights. It’s a tricky balance, and it’s hard work on both the policy level and the human level. And it gets harder outside of places like Yale, where — frankly — most people believe nearly the same things. Here, inclusion and respect are the closest things we have to universal dogmas.

Multiculturalism in practice takes on many forms. Armenia, for instance, is sandwiched between Eastern Europe and the Middle East. Yazidis, Kurds, Jews, Iranians, Russians and other groups have all lived peacefully as minority groups in the small mountainous republic. For their part, Armenians have also lived peacefully for centuries as minorities in Eastern European and Middle Eastern lands, despite vast differences in faith and culture.

That’s not the whole story, of course. History and political realities cause tensions. But where integration has succeeded, the similarities are common: melting language barriers, noninterference with the customs of minority groups and more anti-discrimination legislation regarding jobs and access to government institutions.

In America, our fluid ethnic and religious identity is both a model for the world and a challenge to navigate. But our reality has slowly come to more accurately resemble the commitment to individual rights and human dignity laid out at the founding — ideas that had been brewing for centuries, despite frequent hypocrisy in deeds. And the Obama administration’s global human rights agenda rests on using influence to empower cultures and peoples around the world to move away from conflict-stricken (and, in many cases, colonial) pasts. Eradicating preventable diseases, defending women’s rights and building adequate supply infrastructures are all top priorities.

Regardless of how you view the past, Western countries today are uniquely able to fulfill that role.

Accusations of imperialism help remind us to respect cultural differences, but they can be unhelpful when considering the scope of human suffering and Western organizations’ financial capacity for change. It also means the U.S. and other countries need to make some awkward decisions and judgments about cultural practices or beliefs they don’t hold — but that may seriously threaten what we believe are universal human rights.

This past Thursday, activist Jaha Dukureh and women’s

rights g r o u p E q u a l i ty Now met with repre se n ta tives from JOHN the White AROUTIOUNIAN H o u s e and sevJohnny Come eral federal agenLately cies in D.C. to raise awareness about female genital mutilation, in which a woman’s sexual organs are mutilated or completely amputated. Dukureh’s petition on change.org has garnered over 200,000 signatures, yet the issue is unknown to many Americans.

Earlier this summer, President Obama spoke frankly about the FGM epidemic in parts of Africa, the Middle East and around the world: “I think that’s a tradition that is barbaric and should be eliminated. Violence towards women — I don’t care for that tradition. I’m not interested in it.

It needs to be eliminated.” That’s powerful language, but it’s not enough: While FGM is illegal in the U.S., unknown numbers of girls travel abroad every year with their families to undergo the procedure often under brutal conditions. Governments need joint initiatives to work with cultural groups to discourage this medically (and religiously) unnecessary practice. American doctors need guidelines for reporting, and health agencies need new surveys to determine how many people are affected. One study conducted by Newsweek in 2000 found that 228,000 girls in the U.S. “lived with or were at risk of undergoing FGM.” The FGM example, and others like it, makes clear that we can’t afford to be silent about human rights abuses just because they happen overseas. It’s not practical, because modern travel ensures that these abuses end up on our shores anyway. Nor is it morally responsible, when we’re often the only ones who can do something. That’s “we” in both a macro and micro sense: At Yale, more international service trips could focus on developing young women leaders abroad, instead of one-time infrastructure projects. Women in countless places still can’t conceive of the idea that they might run their societies someday. Getting this idea to them means a better future for them as individuals and their entire societies. Yalies can help make that happen.

The next few generations have the opportunity to finally get rid of some of the world’s ugliest diseases and social practices. But first, we’ve got to remember that human dignity always comes first — and to have the courage to act.

enrollment.”

'LDFFLY' ON 'NEWS' VIEW: NOTES FOR THE DEAN'

GUEST COLUMNIST AMAKA UCHEGBU

Soldiers, not saints T

he sunshine was the icing on the cake, and we were all cheering. As the crowd swelled in numbers that could have rivaled the Yale-Harvard Game, our campus rejoiced in what was a truly gripping victory against Army. Some sober, some drunk, others a blissful medium between cross and faded. We won.

But I doubt many of us would have mourned a loss. After all, our reverence for our opponents was pronounced. With all the saluting and singing — with the officers soaring through the sky with giant flags strapped to their backs — the crowd’s admiration for the U.S. military left me increasingly confused.

Full disclosure: I’m not an American. As a Brit, I rarely see my country’s flag outside of the Olympics or the World Cup. Overt expressions of patriotism are rarely seen outside of the U.S. That being said, every military is deserving of respect. After all, their job is risky. However, the degree of hero-worship awarded to military service people in the United States is problematic. It emotionally precludes civilians from being critical of military conduct.

A “man in uniform,” is stereotypically sexy for a reason. In fact, when we see men or women in their military uniforms, we make a lot of assumptions about their characters.

We assume that they are remarkably brave. But surely some service members might be motivated by a free ride to college, while others may enlist to follow in their father’s footsteps or travel the world.

We’d rather indulge in our imagination of what a storybook soldier would be like. In reality, many are just decent women and men trying to make an honest living. Most soldiers are economically rational agents who weigh the costs of their career options and pick whatever benefits them the most.

We devalue the term "hero" when we ascribe this term to every single service member.

Certainly there are many heroes in the U.S. military, men and women who have performed exceedingly brave tasks in the call of duty; but it is difficult to adequately celebrate them when we label every service member a hero. Moreover, our veneration of the military often overlooks the bravery and sacrifices made

fears of being labeled unpatriotic. We become blasé about military atrocities conducted abroad, such as when soldiers fire on civilians, or military intervention results in cycles of violence.

The dialogue surrounding military activity abroad frequently avoids pertinent questions. The number of civilian casualties our military causes in Afghanistan is classified information, for example. And if we push for it, we are either ignored or marginalized by the mainstream media for being “unpatriotic.”

It is easy to get distracted by the dashing attire of military service people, but it is unrealistic to make wide-eyed assumptions about 1,367,000 distinct people. Our deep-seated emotional reverence towards the military makes objective scrutiny distinctly difficult. We ought not salute and celebrate the uniform, but wait to be impressed by the character.

While the military is an important profession, we should be aware that our cheers render scrutiny impossible.

by the local forces abroad that fight alongside U.S. troops.

Interestingly, we seem to be more prepared to accept that members of other professions can be flawed.

Police officers keep us safe, too; their occupations can also lead them into the line of fire.

However, when we see police officers walking down the street, we do not typically stop to salute them for serving our community so bravely. Rather, the public and the media more readily criticize cops when their conduct is not on par with our expectations.

Just look at the outcry in Ferguson, Missouri.

Threats are sensationalized by the media for the sake of selling newspapers. In turn, we fear the worst and believe only our military can save us. When these threats do not materialize, we assume the armed forces valiantly secured our safety. In reality, we are often not in as much danger as we were led to believe.

This makes us more willing to turn a blind eye to the Pentagon’s estimate of 26,000 uninvestigated cases of sexual assault from female and male service members alike, individuals who feel unable to speak out due to

AMAKA UCHEGBU is a sophomore in Trumbull College. Contact her at amaka.uchegbu@yale.edu .

GUEST COLUMNIST MICHAEL HERBERT

Why YCC?

JOHN AROUTIOUNIAN is a senior in Jonathan Edwards College.

His columns run on alternate Tuesdays. Contact him at john.aroutiounian@yale.edu .

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T

his past Sunday, the entire Yale College Council — including the Executive Board, elected and associate representatives and all the teams and committees — gathered in Linsly-Chittenden Hall for the first and only time this year.

Although these various branches meet regularly, the collective gathering of about a hundred people caused me to pause and reflect both on our purpose and our relationship with our fellow students and friends.

It may seem that these questions of purpose and community have already been sufficiently addressed. I do not think there is a group on this campus that is more highly scrutinized than the YCC, and incessantly debating the role of our organization is both counterproductive and exhausting.

Further, nothing I could say or write could serve as a substitute for competence and accessibility.

As my uncle taught me, “Lions don’t need to roar.” If those of us on the YCC have to tell students why they should engage with us, we have already failed.

However, because of the nature of my background coming into this role, as well as the initiatives we have on the agenda for

this year, I feel compelled to roar on behalf of the YCC anyway.

Unlike other student groups on campus, our success is directly related to our support from the student body at large. I want to see us maximize the impact we make this year, and for that reason, I want to make sure I do everything I can to make the case for engagement with our organization.

Undoubtedly, it is easy to make fun of the YCC. As an individual who ran a campaign featuring a facetious video likening the Council to a burning shipwreck and the death of Mufasa, I am far from blameless when it comes to cracking jokes. On our end, we can certainly do a better job of interacting with students on a more human and less corporate level, and I think that we have already taken positive steps towards this end under Communications Director Isaac Morrier.

Further, the YCC has an obligation to ensure accountability from representatives. It would be unfair to ask for the engagement of the student body without demanding it of ourselves.

Toward this end, I am excited to announce a new shame initiative we will be implementing with our representatives. Based on an

overwhelmingly successful program launched at Harvard this past year, if representatives fail to meet their most basic obligations, which entail not missing more than five meetings, we will publish their names.

In the words of Harvard Undergraduate Council President Gus Mayopoulos, “This isn’t just, ‘Oh, you get to be a part of student government, good for you … You have a responsibility, and there’s no reason not to shame people for just dropping the ball.” Just as the blind squirrel finds a nut, even Harvard comes up with a good idea occasionally!

This year, I will do everything I can to make the YCC as accessible and accountable as possible, and I know that my fellow members share this goal. In turn, I hope that everyone will join us as we work with the administration on the biggest issues on campus, including financial aid, sexual climate and mixed-gender housing for sophomores. Rather than deriding smaller YCC projects to diminish the organization, I hope you will keep in mind that we can walk and chew gum at the same time, and that working on something like getting whole milk in Commons does not lessen

our ability to advocate on mental health. I hope that instead of posting an anonymous comment on this column, you will send me an email or give me call. (In case you lost it, my number is 720413-0571!)

Yale treasures its community, the sense of togetherness we all share. There is no need to lose that community when we deal with the YCC, and if you think something the YCC is doing makes such engagement more difficult, let me know. We’re all on the same team here.

And so, to conclude, I want to return to my original question: Why YCC? Why engage with our student government? I think the answer, regardless of what you think about the organization, is that the YCC is the best mechanism through which we can impact Yale. If we go around it, we fragment and dilute our message; if we work through it, like lasers with light, we can concentrate and magnify the strength of our student voice. We can maximize the mark we make on the place we love.

MICHAEL HERBERT is a junior in Saybrook College. He is president of the Yale College Council. Contact him at michael.herbert@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, OCTOBER 7, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 3

NEWS

“The are no lazy veteran lion hunters.”

NORMAN RALPH AUGUSTINE FORMER UNDER SECRETARY OF TH U.S. ARMY

C L A R I F I CAT I O N FRIDAY, OCT. 3

A previous version of the article “Foley’s urban agenda called into question” misquoted Andrea Barragan ’16 as claiming that Foley’s policy may result in some students not “coming out as winners.” In fact, she said that some teachers may not come out as winners.

Veterans emerge victorious in court

BY HANNAH YANG CONTRIBUTING REPORTER The Veterans Legal Services Clinic at Yale Law School won a pivotal case for veterans’ affairs last week.

Chief Judge of the U.S. District Court of Connecticut Janet Hall ruled last Tuesday that William Cowles, a U.S. Army veteran, had been improperly discharged from the army after being misdiagnosed with adjustment disorder. Hall ruled that Cowles was entitled to much higher medical benefits than those the army provided him. This is the first court to rule that the army has wrongly discharged a service member with adjustment disorder. According to Linda Zang LAW ’15, one of the three Yale law students who are interns at the clinic, similar misdiagnoses may affect thousands of veterans.

Misdiagnosing soldiers and then inappropriately discharing them is a problem that a lot of veterans face LINDA ZANG LAW ’15 “This problem of the army misdiagnosing soldiers and then inappropriately discharging them is a problem that a lot of veterans face, whether they served in more recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, or whether they are from older conflicts like Vietnam,” she said.

“It’s a widespread problem that affects veterans from different generations.”

Cowles served in the army for over 20 years, and was medically evacuated from Iraq after witnessing multiple deaths and suffering a breakdown. At the time, the army diagnosed him with an adjustment disorder and discharged him with a small administrative reparation. Two months later, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs diagnosed Cowles with Post Trau-

matic Stress Disorder, a more serious diagnosis that qualified him for medical retirement.

“Adjustment disorder is a reaction to pressure that can’t last longer than six months, while PTSD is chronic and ongoing,” said Ashley Anderson LAW ’16, another intern at the Clinic. “Because PTSD is difficult to diagnose until past that six month point, some veterans may be improperly discharged with adjustment disorder.”

Zang said there are two key problems with misdiagnoses of veterans. First, veterans might not qualify for retirement and education benefits that are specifically provided or certain diagnoses. Second, Zang said misdiagnoses can prevent veterans from finding jobs because of the stigma surrounding adjustment and personality disorders.

Hall’s ruling makes it possible for Cowles to receive full benefits for PTSD. “The Army’s own regulations [ … ] require that soldiers be given ‘ample opportunity’ to recover from [adjustment disorder] before separation, set a policy heavily in favor of rehabilitating soldiers and invoke the standards of the medical community,” read the judge’s official court ruling. The ruling stated that the army should not have discharged Cowles until at least six months after he was diagnosed with adjustment disorder.

Anderson said she is hopeful that this ruling will have broad implications. She said the six month requirement could prevent future misdiagnoses.

“I think it’s very heartening for veterans who have been improperly discharged to see that Mr. Cowles was able to win in court,” Anderson said.

This summer, Gov. Daniel Malloy signed a bill to help streamline the transition from military career fields into civilian career fields. Nationwide, President Obama signed a $16-billion Veterans Choice, Access and Accountability Act, which aims to improve veterans’ access to care throughout the country.

Coast Guard to aid oil spill clean-up

BY MICHELLE LIU CONTRIBUTING REPORTER The U.S. Coast Guard will assist in the cleanup of an oil spill at Mill River in New Haven this week after a report filed by the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection alerted them to the slick.

Coast Guard public affairs officer Martin Betts said that Coast Guard Sector Long Island first initiated a response on Sept.

15, which included a preliminary assessment of the nearby former English Station power plant facility. An analysis of the facility, the apparent source of the leak, proved that the site posed a substantial threat to the surrounding environment.

“Part of our mission is marine environmental protection, which involves dealing with oil and hazmat from a remediation standpoint,” Betts said. “The other thing is this is a waterside facility, so based on our mission, we’re beholden to act.”

According to DEEP spokesman Dennis Schain, because the contamination site is in the middle of an urban area, there is pressure to eliminate environmental and public health risks, as well as to determine if the facility can be placed back into

productive use.

Schain said the site’s soil contamination required the DEEP to issue an earlier cleanup order that was contested by the facility’s owners at the time. Schain added that, due to related litigation, that order is still awaiting a decision from a superior court judge.

This is a waterside facility, so based on our mission, we’re beholden to act.

MARTIN BETTS Coast Guard public affairs officer In the meantime, Schain said, DEEP’s emergency responders acted upon a report of an oil sheen near a catch basin adjacent to the English Station site.

He said the report was filed out of concern that the oil would reach federal waters.

An incident news report from the Emergency Response Division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s website stated that the Coast Guard contacted the NOAA on Sept. 29 on the possible release of oil and other haz-

ardous substances, and that the sector had requested NOAA aid in the identification of at-risk resources. The cause of incident was listed as discharge/dumping, and 6,000 gallons of various oils were at risk of spill.

Betts said that the Coast Guard, the lead federal agency in the cleanup response, has deployed booms to contain any hazardous material that could enter the marine environment.

The effort is still in an assessment phase.

Margaret Miner, executive director of the Rivers Alliance of Connecticut, said that though the spill appeared relatively small, environmentalists have raised concerns regarding pollutants in and around the English Station facility.

Additionally, Miner said the spill is still concerning in its effects to the aquatic ecosystem — from fish to insects to birds — as Mill River is one of three important rivers that flow into New Haven.

“The Mill River and New Haven Harbor are certainly areas in which many people are working to restore the natural resources and aquatic life to the natural habitat, so any contamination is regrettable,” she said.

However, professor of envi-

ronmental chemistry and environmental engineering Gaboury Benoit said that, although the situation was unfortunate, he did not think it was a serious problem that ordinary petroleum was the main contaminant in the spill.

“Oil spills [are] very spectacular and visible so people tend to respond to them,” Benoit said.

“If this is limited to the quantity of oil — something that can be stored in a few barrels — then I don’t think this is very worrisome.”

Environmental Justice at Yale leader Sarah Lupberger FES ’15 said that she was aware of previous successful efforts by local environmental organizations to prevent English Station from reopening a few years ago. Lupberger also said that pollution from plants like English Station would have a greater effect on poorer neighborhoods, as these communities are less capable of objecting to the use of nearby land for purposes such as that of power plant facilities.

The English Station facility is currently owned by Asnat Realty LLC and Evergreen Power LLC. Contact MICHELLE LIU at michelle.liu@yale.edu .

City plans community outreach

Contact HANNAH YANG at hannah.yang@yale.edu .

OPINION. YOUR THOUGHTS. YOUR VOICE. YOUR PAGE.

Send submissions to opinion@yaledailynews.com

NOAH DAPONTE-SMITH/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

On Monday, the Community Services Administration presented its plans to establish new community outreach programs to the Board of Alders.

BY NOAH DAPONTE-SMITH CONTRIBUTING REPORTER The Community Services Administration has plans to establish a new community outreach program, judging by a presentation made to the Board of Alders on Monday night.

Martha Okafor, the city’s community service administrator, said she hoped to inaugurate a new era for the CSA by working closely with the board.

Generally, the administration is responsible for the well-being of the New Haven community.

Through this program, she said, Elm City residents can expect improvements in public health initiatives. Though no specific initiatives were outlined, the meeting was designed to outline current problems the city faces.

“I felt that it is important to work together,” she said. “The community is really what you [Alders] are expert in, and we want to work with you to help your constituents and their well-being.”

Okafor said that because the alders know their constituencies better than anyone else, the CSA values their input as they work to create the best outcomes for the city.

The CSA consists of four departments — the Health Department, Elderly Services, Youth Services and State-Administered General Assistance. Okafor’s presen-

tation, attended by the majority of the caucus but not Ward 1 Alder Sarah Eidelson — who represents most Yale students — focused on the idea of community involvement and cohesiveness.

“The mayor has challenged all of you to look at how we create intentional community,” Okafor said.

Amanda Durante SPH ’01, an epidemiologist with the New Haven Health Department, copresented with Okafor and said that the outreach initiatives would focus on five aspects of public health in New Haven: low birth weight, smoking, accidents, asthma and chronic diseases.

Low birth weights are a serious problem in New Haven, Durante said, especially among the city’s African-American population, in which 16 percent of births are below 5 pounds, 8 ounces, which is considered to be underweight. Meanwhile, the rate is roughly 9 percent for the city’s white and Hispanic populations.

“If we don’t address premature birth at the beginning, we will have problems at the end,” Okafor said. Many medical experts have cited premature birth as one of the causes of low birth weight and underweight children.

Durante provided maps showing that Newhallville and Edgewood, two predominantly

African-American neighborhoods, and Fair Haven, a largely Hispanic neighborhood, have the highest incidence of low birth rates. As a result, the program’s resources will focus on those areas in its early stages.

Smoking is another, more widespread problem, Okafor said, adding that it is much more prevalent in the African-American and Hispanic populations than the white population.

“We decided to look at smoking because smoking is linked to heart disease and premature death, and also to cancer,” Okafor said.

Durante’s statistics for New Haven showed that nearly 1,200 people died of smoking related causes in the Elm City from 2002 to 2011, a figure that audibly shocked many alders.

Fatal accidents constitute about 9 percent of deaths in New Haven, said Durante, noting that homicides, suicides and drug overdoses are included in that figure. Like low birth weights, deaths by accidents, especially by homicides, are concentrated in the African-American community.

In the portion on chronic diseases, Durante focused on the issue of obesity. Considering children in New Haven are, on average, above the recommended levels of obesity set by the federal government, Okafor added that the administration must devote significant atten-

tion to the issue.

The alders largely responded to the proposals positively. But Adam Marchand, the alder for Ward 25 in Westville, voiced some doubts regarding the plans, specifically the step program — a series of steps Okafor included to achieve ultimate goal of community outreach and enhanced public health initiatives, which include outreach, consultation, involvement, collaboration and shared partnership.

“This step program — that’s hard to do,” he said. “There’s a limit to expenditures — this is a big undertaking, and we have to be sober in our attitudes to this.”

He raised the possibility that the large amount of data presented during the meeting could be useful in prioritizing which areas to focus on as they design the community outreach program.

N e ve r t h e l e s s , Okafor remained optimistic about the future of the project.

“We are going to do this with youth services; we are going to do this with other areas,” she said, vowing that the CSA would work with the alders throughout the process.

The Board of Alders’ next meeting will take place on Oct. 20.

Contact NOAH DAPONTE-SMITH at noah.daponte-smith@yale.edu .

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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, OCTOBER 7, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT

“Ebola is a nasty disease to get. It’s scary. But as a weapon, it is probably not likely. Ebola is a difficult malady to weaponize.”

TOM CLANCY AMERICAN NOVELIST

Ebola researchers remain in Liberia First domestic Ebola diagnosis in Texas

TODAY

Two Americans who contracted Ebola are flown into Atlanta

October 2014

CDC makes intial statement about outbreak

September 2014

Two year old patient zero dies

August 2014

Patient zero uncovered in Guinea

March 2014

December 2013

TIMELINE 2014 EBOLA EPIDEMIC Total Case Count: 7470 Total Death Count: 3431

in Guinea and Liberia and Sierra Leone

MARISA LOWE/PRODUCTION & DESIGN EDITOR, STAPHANY HOU/PRODUCTION ASSISTANT

dents were planning to sequester themselves for 21 days — the incubation period for Ebola — following their return to the U.S. Yale Health Director Paul Genecin said the condition of an individual returning from an epidemic-stricken country determines where they are quarantined. Patients who have been exposed to the virus or lived in areas where the virus is prevalent, but have no symptoms, will often be sequestered in their home, he said. Meanwhile, he added, those who are known to be infected will be put in isolation at a hospital and cared for by doctors wearing protective clothing.

In the possibility of an Ebola outbreak, Yale’s emergency pre-

paredness group, in conjunction with Yale Health, has a plan for epidemics and outbreak, Genecin said. He added that there is a tremendous amount of communication within the University, as well as with the Centers for Disease Control and city and state health officials.

“I think that saying that the world is safe isn’t quite right,” Genecin said. “Saying that we are prepared to deal rationally and appropriately in a guidelinedriven way is a better way to put it.”

Audrey Odom, an assistant professor at Washington University in St. Louis’s Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, said people should remem-

ber that Ebola is difficult to contract compared to most diseases.

Without a much more dramatic increase in assistance it is hard to see how the effort will be able to [ ... ] get ahead of Ebola.

RICHARD SKOLNIK Though Odom said it is not unlikely that a hospital worker will contract Ebola from a patient in the U.S., she does not think it

will reach epidemic proportions.

Yale School of Medicine professor of epidemiology Gerald Friedland said Yale and New Haven are prepared to accommodate the medical situations of the two YSPH students when they return. He added that YaleNew Haven Hospital has devoted a significant amount of energy to prepare for the possibility of a patient with Ebola, similar to hospitals in larger cities, by disseminating information and holding educational conferences.

Friedland said public health officials have to balance the need to protect researchers’ individual rights with the need to protect public safety. He added that patients must be isolated in the

most humane way possible.

Professor of Public Health Richard Skolnik ’72, who worked in Liberia for seven years, said despite the continuation of the epidemic in Western Africa, medical teams are doing admirable work. But he also noted that much more work needs to be done on the ground before the epidemic can be abated.

“Without a much more dramatic increase in assistance it is hard to see how the effort will be able to catch up with and finally get ahead of Ebola,” Skolnik wrote in a Monday afternoon email to the News.

Friedland said the basic infection control practices for Ebola include identifying all cases,

treating the infected and tracing contact. He emphasized that these protocols can be easily handled in the U.S., where there are sufficient health infrastructure and resources. In contrast, African countries such as Liberia present a challenge because many are too unstable to effectively implement public health policies.

On Oct. 6, a nurse in Spain became the first person in the epidemic to be infected while outside of West Africa.

Contact PHOEBE KIMMELMAN at phoebe.kimmelman@yale.edu and STEPHANIE ROGERS at stephanie.rogers@yale.edu .

FFY, students deliver letters to Woodbridge “Yale must take the moral course and use its investments to catalyze large-scale market shifts and public policy action against climate change,” the letters read.

“You, President Salovey, along with the rest of the Yale Corporation, can help Yale safeguard the planet for its students and for the world.”

Monday demonstration follows the Yale Corporation’s Committee on Investor Responsibility Aug. 27 decision to not divest the University’s assets from fossil fuel companies, and is part of a series of attempts from students to reverse the outcome.

Over the past year, FFY members have picketed, held a vigil and sponsored a Yale College Council referendum in which 83 percent of voting students supported divestment.

While event participants said the letters may not have a major influence on the administration’s stance, they noted the action demonstrates ongoing campus interest on the topic. Project Manager Mitch Barrows ’16 said the strategy for FFY going forward will be to galvanize support for divestment on campus, even though he does not think the Corporation will not revote or revisit the issue under current circumstances.

Salovey told the News in an email that he planned to share the letters with the Yale Corporation. He added that while the CCIR agreed that the problems caused by greenhouse gas emissions present grave danger to the future of humanity, divesting the University’s assets is not the solution. “[The CCIR] reasoned that focusing on fossil fuel suppliers ignores all of the other sectors of the economy that cause carbon emissions and contribute to the problem, or the ‘social injury,’” Salovey said.

When asked whether the issue of divestment was closed, Salovey said that the Advisory Committee on Investor Responsibility may reconsider the issue only if new information came to light suggesting their current view is not appropriate.

However, leaders of FFY believe the missing information can be found in the message they delivered.

The letters, which are written in the first person, decry the vote by the Corporation to reject divestment, using Salovey’s previous statements about climate change to outline the apparent hypocrisy of the decision.

Although the letter concedes that Yale has taken steps to improve climate awareness on campus, it argues these actions are not sufficient.

In addition to hand-delivering letters, FFY also set up an online copy of the text that individu-

LARRY MILSTEIN/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Students delivered letters to Woodbridge Hall demanding that the University reconsider its decision not to divest from fossil fuels. als could sign. Barrows said as of 6 p.m., 61 individuals had signed the online version.

“The problem with the Yale Corporation is that they are ignoring [student] voices and this [demonstration] is making our voices active,” said Tristan Glowa ’18, a member of FFY. “[The letter] shows they can’t get away with ignoring issue of climate justice and the moral imperative to divest.”

Students affixed their signatures to the bottom of the printed letters and then lined up with the intent to place them on the desk of the president. Some students even carried in multiple copies with names of students who could not be in attendance, but still wanted their message delivered.

Roughly a dozen students entered the offices until the administration took action of its own. Montalvo stood at the

entrance of Woodbridge Hall to receive letters at the door.

When asked why she was standing on the steps of Woodbridge, rather than permitting each student to deliver letters directly, she said it was only a matter of convenience. “[It’s] so that they don’t have to walk as far,” Montalvo said.

By 12:30 pm, event organizer Alexandra Barlowe ’17 said administrators had shut the door to the president’s office and left a chair outside for students to leave their letters in a pile.

Montalvo said that while she was sure Salovey would take a look at the stack of letters, she could not confirm whether he would read each one since they appeared to be nearly identical.

Still, FFY organizers said roughly five to 10 students customized the text of their letters.

YCC President Michael Herbert ’16 was also in attendance and

delivered a personalized letter.

“I am here to give my suggestion on behalf of the 83 percent of students who voted yes to divest,” Herbert said.

The problem with the Yale Corporation is that they are ignoring [student] voices and this is making our voices active.

TRISTAN GLOWA ’18 He added the text of his letter was different than the FFY template since it places more emphasis on the results of the November 2013 referendum. He said he deferred to FFY regarding the specifics of climate change and

the impact of fossil fuels.

Barlowe said Monday’s event was distinct from earlier attempts to influence the administration because this demonstration included general members of Yale’s student body.

“With this one, we wanted to do something that was visible and show student support in going in and putting a face to the letter,” she said. “It’s not just FFY saying something for them it’s them saying something themselves.”

Barlowe added that she was not discouraged by the administrative tactic of meeting students upon entrance because the protest still served as a distraction for administrators and showed that student opinion could not be ignored.

Barrows said the long-term timeline of FFY remains “fuzzy” because of the indeterminate nature of how the Corporation

will proceed and whether it will be open to reconsidering divestment. He said some actions FFY will take may include creating a similar letter on behalf of faculty and calling upon donors to contact the University to voice their support.

“If there is one thing Yale cares about, it is money,” Barrows said.

“So making them feel uncomfortable about the flow of donations may get their attention.”

He added, however, that students should not expect shantytowns on Beinecke Plaza reminiscent of the South African divestment protests during the 1980s at Yale. The emphasis is on coalition building, he said.

In May, Stanford University became the largest university to pledge to divest from coal companies.

Contact LARRY MILSTEIN at larry.milstein@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, OCTOBER 7, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

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NEWS

“I am attached to the French language. I will defend the ubiquitous use of French.”

FRANÇOIS HOLLANDE 24TH PRESIDENT OF FRANCE

Large crowd expected at NRA seminar

YALE DAILY NEWS

Yale College Democrats President Rebecca Ellison ’15 described the upcoming NRA event as inappropriate in light of the 2012 shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn.

BY ERIC LIN CONTRIBUTING REPORTER While Connecticut has some of the most progressive gun laws in the country, an on-campus seminar with the National Rifle Association later this month will give students exposure to the flip side of the gun control debate.

The NRA is scheduled to visit the University on Oct. 18 to deliver a “training seminar” about gun control, which will be co-hosted by the Yale College Republicans.

The two-hour long seminar is part of the organization’s NRA University program, which purports to teach college students across the country about the gun control debate and train

those students to become more effective activists against firearm regulations. Andrea Barragan ’16, president of the Yale College Republicans, said the NRA reached out to her to hold the event on Yale’s campus. Barragan said she hopes the event will “bring political diversity” to the campus and “debunk some myths about the Second Amendment.”

On the other side of the political spectrum, Rebecca Ellison ’15, president of the Yale College Democrats, said the event is “a step backwards rather than forwards.”

An online video on the NRA University website says that “college campuses are a breeding ground for anti-gun thought

and activism,” and adds that the NRA program will train the future supporters of the Second Amendment. The program website further says the seminar will clarify anti-gun myths and cover topics such as the use of guns for self-defense and the NRA’s solutions for crime reduction.

Although the website markets the program as an opportunity for students interested in activism to work together, Barragan said she hopes the event draws both gun control supporters as well as students who simply want to learn about the Second Amendment.

“The more the merrier,” she said.

Eli Westerman ’18, a lifetime

Language immersion methods debated

BY PHOEBE KIMMELMAN AND VICTOR WANG STAFF REPORTER AND CONTRIBUTING REPORTER According to David Bailey, CEO of the nightlife app Spotnight, it is possible to learn French in 17 days.

But according to Yale faculty, it just is not that easy.

On Thursday, Time magazine published an article on its website in which Bailey recounted his whirlwind language learning experience, titled “The Secret to Learning a Foreign Language as an Adult.” In the piece, Bailey claims he taught himself fluent conversational French in only 17 days. The secret to his success, Bailey wrote, included traditional immersion techniques, such as speaking exclusively in French, in addition to more unorthodox strategies, like mouthing the words to French songs to accustom himself to French pronunciation.

Foreign language students and professors interviewed expressed mixed opinions about Bailey’s immersion techniques.

“No one gains fluency in any language in 17 days, so it is absolutely impossible to make that claim,” said Yale Center for Language Study director Nelleke Van Deusen-Scholl.

True language learning is a process that takes time due to the complex cognitive processes it requires, Van Deusen-Scholl said. She added that in order to gain fluency as an adult, one needs an instructor.

But French professor Lauren Pinzka said she found some of the tactics Bailey wrote about to be clever. She said mouthing the words to French music facilitates kinetic association, which is a valuable language-learning technique.

French professor Kathleen Burton said that in French classes at Yale, students listen to an audio-recording of Camus’s “The Stranger” while they are reading the book for homework.

She said this technique, which has similarities to Bailey’s method of mouthing lyrics, helps

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students tremendously with pronunciation because they are hearing what they are reading.

Some students said they thought Bailey’s techniques could be useful in casual conversations but questioned how practical they would be in more formal settings.

“Engaging in modern French media could be helpful because that is often how people speak,” said Spencer Bokat-Lindell ’16, who is a French major. “Being exposed to that gives you colloquialisms that will buy you time. But I think colloquial French is a different animal from more intellectual and academic French.”

But Andre Manuel ’16 said he believed the immersion techniques Bailey used could work well in tandem with traditional language learning methods, even if they do not teach academic French on their own. Learning a language, he added, requires more arduous work than can be accomplished in such a short period.

While the debate about Bailey’s unconventional techniques splits opinions among Yale students and faculty, these expressed a general consensus on the positive impact of Yale’s own language immersion programs.

“All classes in the French program are taught in the immersion model,” Pinzka said. “As soon as they walk in the classroom everything is taught in French.”

Pinzka said the accelerated French course, which teaches level one through level four French courses in one year in an immersion setting, has been extremely successful. She added that students can transition from no knowledge of French at the beginning of the year to advanced knowledge in only one school year.

French in Action, the immersion program taught in introductory French classes, was founded by Pierre Capretz in 1987.

Contact PHOEBE KIMMELMAN at phoebe.kimmelman@yale.edu and VICTOR WANG at v.wang@yale.edu .

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member of the NRA said he looks forward to seeing how the NRA discusses the Second Amendment with college students.

In light of recent school shootings around the country — including the 2012 shootings at Sandy Hook Elementary in Newtown, Connecticut and the shooting in Aurora, Colorado that same year — Ellison said the event is inappropriate.

“The NRA is opposed to even the most basic gun safety laws,” Ellison said.

Despite her own opposition to the event, Ellison said that because the issue of gun legislation is so divisive, she expects the event will draw a big crowd of students eager to engage in political dialogue.

Barragan echoed this sentiment, noting that she hopes that people will be open to the event even if they oppose the NRA’s views.

“I would hope that people are tolerant,” Barragan said.

Political science professor Michael Fotos anticipates that Yale students will be tolerant of the NRA’s visit, given his past experiences with events featuring controversial viewpoints.

He said he was among the crowd of students and faculty who waited outside Sheffield-Sterling-Strathcona Hall to hear a speech on Sept. 15 from Ayaan Hirsi Ali, a Somali-born activist known for her critical remarks on Islam. Even though several undergraduate organizations on

campus signed a letter expressing concern with bringing Ali to campus, Fotos said everyone was respectful at the talk.

Fotos added that students who are against the NRA’s views have every reason to attend the upcoming seminar.

“If you don’t like the NRA’s position on the issues, go listen to what they have to say and then write a 500-word essay that responds to the points they make.” he said.

The event, to be held from 2–4 p.m. in Linsly-Chittendon Hall 213, will be the first time the NRA has worked with the Yale College Republicans.

Contact ERIC LIN at eric.v.lin@yale.edu .

Venture capital comes to campus

BY RACHEL SIEGEL STAFF REPORTER One of the country’s top student-run venture capital firms is coming to Yale, the company announced today.

Viveca Morris ’15, a staff columnist for the News, and David Chi ’16 have been named University representatives of Dorm Room Fund — a national firm with an investment focus in student entrepreneurship. Over a twoyear period that will end in 2015, the DRF will be responsible for distributing $2 million in grants to student companies across the nation. DRF members and entrepreneurship experts interviewed said that Yale student-led innovation is rapidly growing.

“Dorm Room Fund coming to Yale is a testament to the exciting growth of entrepreneurship here,” Morris said. “Companies funded

by Yale students are getting recognition beyond New Haven.

[DRF’s] belief is that students can both stay in school and start companies that have major impact at the same time.”

According to DRF members, the organization aims to inspire and support startups by giving students small amounts of capital that can help bring their businesses out of the dorm room and into competitive markets. Morris said that part of her and Chi’s role as investment partners will be to seek out Yale companies that can pitch their business ideas to the broader investment group.

After these presentations, team members vote whether to grant money — an average of $20,000 — towards the ventures.

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In addition to the two Yalies, the New York-based team includes nine students from New York University, Colombia University, Princeton University and Cooper Union. Beyond the New York team, the DRF has groups of students in the Boston, Philadelphia and San Francisco areas that vote on whether or not to fund a student company. The studentrun fund is financially backed

by First Round Capital, which is often ranked as one of the top venture capital firms in the United States.

Chi said that there are many recent examples of successful startups founded by Yale students. He said companies like SilviaTerra, which works to broaden society’s understanding of forests and ecosystems, and PaperG, a company focusing on moving print advertising online, illustrate how successful Yale student-run business ventures are not new to campus.

Morris said that Yale students are good at pinpointing a given issue and figuring out how to solve it, often through startups and small businesses. The two agreed that the Yale Entrepreneurial Institute, the Center for Engineering Innovation and Design and the Yale Medical School are good resources for innovative students.

“There is all this energy and talent being put into solving these problems,” Chi said. “It’s a really important time at Yale.”

DRF Director CeCe Cheng said that DRF chose to come to Yale because the company saw a talented pool of young entrepreneurs in the student body.

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Cheng added that students should not be discouraged when trying to launch a new business, especially when surrounded by resources like the YEI and DRF. “Fail or succeed, you are guaranteed to learn more in a startup environment than anywhere else,” Cheng said.

Deputy Director of the YEI Erika Smith said that her office is excited that DRF chose to come to Yale. Smith said that DRF and programs at the YEI, namely the Venture Creation Program, will be complementary in that DRF can build off of the network of student entrepreneurs who already exist at Yale.

Speaking more broadly on the growth of student companies, Smith said that interest in startups is at its all time high. Smith added that twice as many teams applied for YEI funding through the Venture Creation Program — an opportunity for early-stage businesses.

“It’s increasing exponentially,” Smith said of student entrepreneurship. “The fact that you can have ideas, receive capital and not have to quit school or go on a road show is quite important.”

Rebecca Su ’16, who was a 2014 YEI Summer Fellow working for a tech startup, said that it is an exciting time to be a student entrepreneur on campus. She said that before she became involved with the YEI she was unaware of students’ involvement in entrepreneurship, but now she sees the movement building momentum.

DRF was founded in 2012.

Contact RACHEL SIEGEL at rachel.siegel@yale.edu .

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YO UR YDN ;8 @ CP PF L I Y D N ;8 @ CP PF L I Y D N DA I LY

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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, OCTOBER 7, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT

“I left Colombia because Univision brought me to the United States.”

SOFIA VERGARA COLOMBIAN ACTRESS

Revived group defends abortion rights RALY FROM PAGE 1 and policies at Yale.

RALY will also partner with the Planned Parenthood clinic in New Haven and offer to accompany students who want to visit the facility. D’Agosto said she hopes these services will effectively increase transparency and provide support.

“I would hope the organization becomes something that individuals can turn to when there is confusion,” she said.

Because the issue of reproductive rights has sparked widespread national debate recently, D’Agosto said the group may

invite outside speakers to raise awareness about policy and legislation.

The organization, D’Agosto said, is currently in the process of applying for Dwight Hall membership and to become a Women’s Center resident group.

CLAY President Elena Gonzalez said she hopes RALY’s presence will foster more open and honest dialogue about reproductive issues on campus. If both groups respect all the perspectives on abortion, she said, they could engage in productive discussions. They could also work together on certain issues, such as ending the stigmatization of

young and unmarried pregnant women and mothers, Gonzalez added.

But Gonzalez also said she was concerned about the possibility that RALY might be accepted as a full member of Dwight Hall in the future.

“I would hope that Dwight Hall would make an effort to be clear about the definition of ‘social justice’ that they promote, rather than presenting themselves as an umbrella organization for all social justice endeavors,” Gonzalez wrote in an email to the News.

Dwight Hall Public Relations Coordinator Shea Jennings

’16 said the Dwight Hall Student Executive Committee has not yet voted on granting RALY provisional membership, a temporary yearlong status and precondition to full membership.

Last spring, after a year of provisional membership status, CLAY was ultimately denied full membership when the Dwight Hall cabinet — comprised of member group leaders and the executive committee — voted against CLAY. Though Jennings said she could not comment on any group currently lacking formal affiliation with Dwight Hall, she said last year’s events and the cabinet

decision regarding CLAY would not impact any subsequent decision about RALY. Because RALY has not yet attained provisional membership, she said it is impossible to tell whether the group will even seek full membership in a year’s time. The composition of the Dwight Hall cabinet could also change depending on student leadership transitions, she said, adding that this prevents her from making any predictions.

“The body that voted on CLAY last spring will not be the same body that votes on RALY, should that vote even come up in the future,” Jennings said. “It’s hard to say.”

Women’s Center Public Relations Coordinator Annemarie McDaniel ’16 said RALY has been discussing the possibility of becoming a program affiliated to the Center. She added that although RALY has not yet begun the application process, the Women’s Center is pleased about the group’s launch and future projects. The Women’s Center, McDaniel said, would also be willing to support or supplement RALY’s efforts in the future.

RALY registered with the Yale College Dean’s Office on Sep. 26.

Contact NICOLE NG at nicole.ng@yale.edu .

High court declines to hear massacre suit

JOYCE XI/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

The U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear a suit against the former Mexican President and Director of the Yale Center for the Study of Globalization, Ernesto Zedillo, for a 1997 massacre.

ZEDILLO FROM PAGE 1 ond Circuit Court of Appeals in February 2014, before the Supreme Court declined to hear the case. After the February 2014 dismissal, Zedillo said he was relieved about the case’s outcome.

“Of course, I am pleased that

the slanderous lawsuit has been dismissed,” Zedillo wrote in a February email to the News.

“Although it has not been a distraction from my work and family life at all, it is always good to see that justice is done.”

University Spokesman Tom Conroy said the lawsuit did not affect Zedillo’s leadership of the

Yale Center for the Study of Globalization and added that the University was pleased Zedillo could put the suit in the past.

In a 2012 investigation, the Spanish-language news channel Univision claimed that Zedillo’s predecessor as president, Carlos Salinas, was behind the lawsuit.

Salinas denied any involvement

in the case in a 2012 email to the Economist.

Zedillo’s campaign to expand democracy in Mexico alienated members of Salinas’ political group, the Institutional Revolution Party, which historically dominated Mexican politics. While in office, Zedillo also ordered the arrest of Sali-

Harp talks immigration policy IMMIGRATION FROM PAGE 1 leaders outlined a three-point agenda for the meeting, which included community safety, identification cards and wage theft.

ULA member Luis Luna, who translated for Harp, said the organization invited Mayor Harp primarily out of concern for the safety of New Haven’s Latino community.

“We had folks who were being assaulted,” Luna said. “And the police had a pretty slow response to our concerns.”

Several community members narrated their cases of assault in Spanish, which Luna translated for Mayor Harp.

Community members addressed adherence to and awareness of General Order 06-2 — which ensures undocumented residents the right to safely report crimes without the risk of being asked for their immigration documents — as one of their chief safety concerns.

ULA organizers expressed concern that the order was not well-publicized, and urged Harp to build a press campaign.

“People don’t know that you can go to the [police] station safely,” one ULA organizer said.

“There is a perception that if you assault an immigrant, he will not tell.”

Referencing an ad campaign for General Order 06-2 that ran in 2006, another community member added that it was one of the reasons many were proud to live in New Haven.

Harp assured meeting attendees that the order was still in effect, and said she was open to increased publicity. Harp added that new police officers might benefit from special training on the issue.

On a similar note, community leaders asked for Harp to renew advertisements for the Elm City ID Card, which serves as a reliable and recognized form of identification for undocumented residents — crucial for opening bank

accounts, among other things.

Aside from concerns about publicity, one New Haven teacher raised the issue of ID recognition, saying that her student had been denied a bank account because the banks did not accept Elm City ID Cards.

“We will do what we can,” Harp said, promising to send out materials to New Haven banks informing them of the validity of the card.

ULA organizers also addressed the issue of wage theft. Harp, whose 2013 mayoral campaign highlighted her progressive stance on immigration issues, garnered some criticism last year for her slow response to the Gourmet Heaven wage theft case.

Harp took a more vocal role Monday night, suggesting that meetings between ULA leaders and her staff occur “on a regular basis.”

This past July, the Latino community praised Harp when she spoke out in favor of providing short-term shelter in New Haven

to a portion of the thousands of undocumented children being held at the Texas-Mexico border.

Despite Harp’s enthusiasm, Connecticut Governor Dannel Malloy spoke out against this same initiative.

Translator Luis Luna said he was happy the mayor had come to the ULA’s Monday meeting.

“Here is where we plan our strategies, here is where we raise our questions, where we raise our concerns,” Luna said, “So I think it was good that she came. It feels like she has a commitment to the community, and we want to thank her for that.”

After Mayor Harp’s departure, ULA organizers began calling roll for their usual weekly community discussion.

ULA members have planned an upcoming meeting with New Haven’s Assistant Chief of Police Luiz Casanova to discuss safety issues for Elm City immigrants.

Contact SKYLER INMAN at skyler.inman@yale.edu .

nas’ brother, suspecting involvement in a murder and other illegal activity.

The YCSG, where Zedillo serves as director, was launched in 2001 to further engage Yale in international dialogues on globalization and policy. Particularly, the Center’s programs are aimed toward applying academic

discussions to policy, according to its website.

Zedillo served as president of Mexico from 1994 to 2000.

Contact PHOEBE KIMMELMAN at phoebe.kimmelman@yale.edu and RACHEL SIEGEL at rachel.siegel@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, OCTOBER 7, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 7

THE MAP THIEF Wednesday, October 8, 4:30 pm For the inaugural Adrian Van Sinderen Lecture, Michael Blanding, author of The Map Thief, will speak about his research into the story of E. Forbes Smiley, a rare map dealer who, after his arrest at the Beinecke Library, admitted to stealing nearly 100 maps from six institutions.

Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library 121 Wall Street, New Haven, Connecticut beinecke.library.yale.edu

Image: Smiley’s New England. Original illustration by Jelmer Noordeman and Koen Harmsma, Bier en Brood.

PAGE 8

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, OCTOBER 7, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

SPORTS

“We have to look out for each other. We’re all we got.” DICK JAURON ’73 NFL FOOTBALL COACH

Elis defeat Crimson at home

Bulldogs sail to victory SAILING FROM PAGE 12 Although difficult conditions allowed only eight races to be run on the weekend, the Elis sent a third fleet to the Jesuit Open at Fordham University.

Only two races were run on the first day, with the latter six completed on Sunday afternoon. Skipper Eric Anderson ’17 and crew Sanam Rastegar ’17 placed 13th in the A division while rookie skipper Katharina Knapp ’18 and Emily Johnson ’16 finished sixth in the B division.

Next weekend, Landy, along with Barrows and Marly Isler ’16 will again attempt to defend the Bulldogs’ title and take home the Larry White Trophy at the New England Sloop Championship. The two other skippers will have to bow to captain Barrows, as the three will grapple together in the 22-foot-long keeled

boat in a round-robin tournament against seven other teams.

“Ian, Marly and me should have the potential to do very well at this regatta,” Landy said. “The top two from this event move on to the Match Race Nationals.

I have done quite a bit of match racing [one-on-one racing] over the past few years. We placed second and fourth at the Match Race Nationals the past two years. Last summer I got to compete in the Youth Match Race Worlds, so this discipline of racing has really grown on me.”

The Elis also send contingents to the Moody Trophy at URI, the Storm Trysail at Larchmont and the Roger Williams Invitational at Roger Williams.

Contact FREDERICK FRANK at frederick.frank@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS

Thomas Greenhalgh ’15 tied teammates Will Davenport ’15 and Li Wang ’17 with an individual score of 141.

GOLF FROM PAGE 12 of the fall season,” captain Will Davenport ’15 said. “Hosting at the Yale course is always a pleasure for us. Historically we’ve invited some really strong teams. Last year we invited Illinois and this year we invited Kennesaw State which is ranked about 25 in the country and we knew there were a lot of Ivy teams coming that are strong.”

The MacDonald Cup — which was originally planned to be a 54-hole contest, with 36 on Saturday and 18 on Sunday — was rain reduced due to the less than manageable conditions.

In the end, the Bulldogs played only 18 holes on both days. Only one group was able to finish their first round on Saturday before play was suspended.

The rest finished their first round and also played their second on Sunday with much better weather.

Overall the Bulldogs were pleased with their efforts both as a team and individually. Three team members — Davenport, Li Wang ’17 and Thomas Greenhalgh ’15 — all tied for second

place. The Elis as a whole beat many other Ivy League schools such as Brown, Princeton, UPenn, Dartmouth and Harvard.

Greenhalgh earned a score of 72 in the first round and 69 in the second, placing him in second place.

Wang also had an exceptional play the first round, shooting only 67 strokes, the lowest score out of all the players in the first round, despite the wet ground and severe wind. Despite having a rough start in his first hole, Davenport obtained a score of 73. Davenport undershot his Saturday score by five on Sunday, giving him a second score of 68.

“It was really tough, it was windy and extremely wet so you really had to focus and grind out a good score,” Greenhalgh said. “There were a lot of people from other schools who shot high, bad scores in the first round because of the conditions. Actually, all five of the Yale players put together a solid round, another testament to their skills because that was really tough out there. You just had to battle the course, battle the conditions. I

think we did that really well.”

Will Bernstein ’18 also earned a spot in the top-20, even though it was his first collegiate tournament, contributing two solid rounds to the team’s win.

This weekend’s contest followed an excellent start to the team’s season.

The team won their first tournament, the Doc Gimmler at Bethpage State Park, and then traveled to Ohio where they faced stiff competition, ending with a solid finish in fourth place before coming back home.

According to Greenhalgh, taking the title at the MacDonald Cup and building off previous victories, each subsequent result has given them more and more impetus to move forward.

“We have a really strong team and this is a really good start, but it’s no time to be taking the foot off the pedal,” Bernstein said.

The Yale men’s golf team will next compete Oct. 10–11 at home in the F.A. Borsodi Student Championship.

Contact JOEY YE at shuaijiang.ye@yale.edu .

Men’s soccer talks recovery

YALE DAILY NEWS

Yale is currently ranked best in the nation, with 22 of 23 coaches polled voting for the Elis in the top spot.

Bulldogs set personal records

Q & A FROM PAGE 12

CROSS COUNTRY FROM PAGE 12

A

maintain consistency.

Stark said she believes the team needs more experience to be comfortable in different situations.

Garry added that she thinks the team needs to work on being less conservative in the middle of the race, and described this weekend’s race as a “huge confidence

It was our first Ivy League game — so for a lot of the younger guys, it was a great learning experience about playing a rival team away from home in tough conditions. So we can use this experience [and] know this would be the hardest conditions for us to play [in]. We could use this for away games and especially home games.

booster.”

The men’s team, meanwhile, was only three points away from a third-place finish. This was largely due to the Bulldogs’ top seven runners, who all placed in the top 66.

Kevin Dooney ’16 set the pace for the Elis with a seventh-place finish overall. Not far behind were Cameron Stanish ’18 and Duncan

do you think is preQWhat venting the Bulldogs from scoring this season?

A

I’d say we are having a tough time capitalizing on our opportunities, and now that we haven’t scored in so long, the pressure is even greater and therefore contributes to a difficult environment.

there any players perQAre forming especially well this season?

A

Our defense has been stellar, [especially] our two center defenders, Henry Flugstad-Clarke ’17 and Philip Piper ’17. They’ve kept us in every game. There is only one game [where] we lost by more than one goal.

do you personally QWhat hope to accomplish this season?

A

I just hope to accomplish a team attitude [in which] at the end of the season, everyone can say they gave their hardest. We can walk away proud [knowing] that we did the best we could.

My goal is to win.

have you grown QHow throughout the four years here?

A

I’ve grown a lot as a player, as a person and

YALE DAILY NEWS

Captain Conner Lachenbruch ’15 has started 32 of his 46 games as a Bulldog and contributed three goals. as a leader. I’ve learned what it means to be part of an incredible family that is the team.

Q

How have the team dynamics changed from last season to this season?

Especially in terms of how freshman players have filled the roles of graduated seniors?

A

We lost a big senior class, but the freshmen have done really well to step in and contribute to the team. They’ve proven that

they can handle the pressure and adapt well to the college environment in a short time.

Do you have anything you Qwant to add to this interview?

A

All of the players … are all here because of our head coach Brian Tompkins, and it would be great to honor him with a successful rest of the season.

Contact JULIA YAO at julia.yao@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS

Both Yale teams finished fourth in their respective tournaments.

Tomlin ’16 who finished 25th and 29th overall respectively.

“We came in with a goal of winning, or at least we thought we could,” Stanish said. “We just weren’t quite far enough up in the race where we wanted to be.

[Though] we didn’t get the win, we were able to stick with a lot of top teams.”

Stanish, who finished third on the team in his collegiate debut just three weeks ago at the Harvard-Yale-Princeton meet, continued his impressive season with his second place finish on the team.

The third freshmen overall in this meet, Stanish said he was surprised by his performance in just his second 8-kilometer race ever. He added that summer training helped him adjust to the collegiate training schedule.

Just like the women, the men’s team saw numerous personal records set in the meet.

Dooney, who placed first on the team for his second consecutive race, scored a personal record with his time of 23:55.

He noted while it is slightly unusual to set a new record so early, he was not too surprised because of his heavy training this summer and last year’s track season.

Boosted by these strong early performances, the men have high hopes for Pre-Nationals and the Ivy League Championships in a few weeks.

They also hope to qualify for the NCAA championships for the first time in Yale cross-country history.

“We’re fitter now than we’ve ever been before,” said Dooney.

“Our goals haven’t changed, and this week is definitely a reflection that we’re closer to achieving those goals than we were last year.”

Both teams will next be in action this weekend at the New England Championships in Boston’s Franklin Park. The race starts at 12:00 p.m. on Saturday.

Contact ROHAN NAIK at rohan.naik@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, OCTOBER 7, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 9

BULLETIN BOARD

TODAY’S FORECAST Mostly cloudy, with a high near 72. South wind between 7 and 9 mph.

TOMORROW High of 73, low of 48.

THURSDAY High of 65, low of 49.

DOONESBURY BY GARRY TRUDEAU

ON CAMPUS TUESDAY, OCTOBER 7 4:00 PM Film Screening, Soft Vengeance: Albie Sachs and the New South Africa. Come to a special film screening of Soft Vengeance: Albie Sachs and the New South Africa, followed by a Q&A with YLS visiting professor Albie Sachs and filmmaker Abby Ginzberg. Sterling Law Buildings (127 Wall St.), Rm. 127.

4:30 PM Dwight H. Terry Lecture: The Manipulation of Religion by the Sciences of Politics and Pleasure in Ancient India. Wendy Doniger, Mircea Eliade Distinguished Service Professor of the History of Religions at the University of Chicago, will deliver a lecture as part of her series on The Manipulation of Religion by the Sciences of Politics and Pleasure in Ancient India.

Future lectures will take place on Oct. 9 and 15. Luce Hall (34 Hillhouse Ave.)

WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 8

XKCD BY RANDALL MUNROE

4:30 PM Michael Blanding: Author of “The Map Thief.” Join investigative journalist Michael Blanding as he talks about the process of researching and writing his book “The Map Thief,” which explores the untold history of high-stakes criminal E. Forbes Smiley III. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library (121 Wall St.)

THURSDAY, OCTOBER 9 4:00 PM DeVane Lecture: Sexual Conflict and Human Evolution. Why is bird song so variable? Why do some animals perform elaborate courtship rituals? Why do skunks smell so bad? These are among the questions that will be explored during this semester’s DeVane Lectures, which will be presented by Yale evolutionary ornithologist Richard O. Prum. Osborn Memorial Library (Rm. 202).

FRIDAY, OCTOBER 10 9:00 PM American Gothic. A baby. A grandmother. A librarian.

All victims. And now … you. Step down the stone stairs and into our neo-Gothic Cabaret for a night of scary stories and ponder — are you afraid of the dark? 217 Park St., New Haven.

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Los Angeles Times Daily Crossword Puzzle

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CROSSWORD Edited by Rich Norris and Joyce Lewis ACROSS 1 18th Greek letter 6 Instagram account creator 10 Gunpowder container 13 Contest submission 14 Campus sports gp.

15 Call, retro-style 16 Symbol of a good try 18 To be, to Cato 19 Just okay 20 Place to apply gloss 21 Use unwisely, as time 22 Movie for all 26 Organ near the stomach 29 Playground threat 32 Rips 33 Clash of clans 34 Ornamental pond fish 35 JFK postings 36 Straight-A student’s bane 38 Show sleepiness 39 Christmas tree 40 Follow one’s new job, in Realtorspeak 41 Private student 42 Go up alone 44 Persian Gulf ships 45 “Lady Chatterley’s Lover” author 48 Gaze intently 50 Before, to Frost 51 Like skyscrapers 55 Bee flat?

56 Noted O.J. Simpson attorney 59 Bone-dry 60 Bartlett cousin 61 Like the man of one’s dreams 62 Marry 63 ‘’Yeah, sure!’’

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7 Check (out) 8 Musical skill 9 Singer in an interrogation room?

10 Musical inspired by “The Taming of the Shrew” 11 Fort Worth-toDallas direction 12 Merriment 15 Passed out cards 17 Caramel-topped custard dessert 21 Like some very bad pitches 23 Legal matter 24 God, in Grenoble 25 Reasons for school absences 26 Sheet music quintet, and with 31-Down, what the first letters of 16-, 22-, 36-, 45and 56-Across represent 27 Danger 28 “Seinfeld” cocreator 30 Farther down 31 See 26-Down 33 Progressive Insurance spokeswoman

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36 “Dracula” star Lugosi 37 Furrow the fields 38 Christmas season 40 Part on stage 41 Muscle spasm 43 Destroy, as files 44 Premium plane seat, usually 46 Pee Wee in Brooklyn

SUDOKU EASY

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47 Upright 48 “Pygmalion” playwright 49 Radial __ 52 Out of the wind 53 Goneril’s father 54 Country singer Lovett 56 Source of DVD warnings 57 Easy throw 58 Help out

9 7 2 4 3 6 1 5 6 1 2 7

1 1 3 6 7 6 4 8 9 8 2 6 3 4 1 8 3 8 6

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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, OCTOBER 7, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Porn use-reduction strategies examined

BY MICHELLE LIU CONTRIBUTING REPORTER A new Yale study sheds light on what may be the most effective strategies for curbing porn use.

The study, which will be published the January edition of Addictive Behaviors, found that pornography users who had not previously tried to cut down on usage had higher levels of selfefficacy — self-confidence in their ability to follow through on a specific task — than those who had tried to curb the habit multiple times. Likewise, participants who were categorized as “hypersexual” had lower selfefficacy than those who were categorized as “non-hypersexual.” The questionnaire created by the study’s authors could be a useful clinical tool for patients

seeking to reduce pornography use, said Shane Kraus, a postdoctoral fellow at the Yale School of Medicine and one of the study’s authors.

“This [questionnaire] might be something that you could [use to] assess [a patient],” Kraus said. “That could be a gauge for treatment or just for self-exploration.”

Kraus said that the inspiration for the study came from wanting to see how specific strategies could help individuals who want to cut back on pornography usage without completely abstaining. The researchers applied ideas and strategies from work on traditional substance use disorders, he added.

First, the researchers created an online, 21-item questionnaire. Each item was a strategy participants could use to

decrease their own pornography usage. One thousand, two hundred ninety-eight participants, all male pornography users, rated their confidence from 0 percent (“Not At All Confident”) to 100 percent (“Completely Confident”) in using each strategy successfully. Strategies ranged from “record the date and the length of time you spent watching porn after each session” to “do not keep a large stash of porn available” to “use a computer only when someone else close by can see the monitor.” Kraus said that these strategies were drawn from his experiences as a clinical psychiatrist, and mirror harm reduction strategies.

After administering the initial 21-item questionnaire, the researchers dropped 13 items that received extremely high

self-efficacy ratings, overlapped significantly with other items or were not true self-control mechanisms. The questionnaire’s remaining eight items were used to assess participants’ confidence in their ability to cut down on porn usage.

Lead author Carolyn Tompsett, a professor of psychology at Bowling Green State University, said that this questionnaire is a new tool for scientists studying disordered pornography use.

Nicole Prause, a research scientist at UCLA, said that the study was a good first step.

“It’s a questionnaire design study, so it’s not particularly making any strong claims. In general I like the broad approach when people don’t make these strong statements,” Prause said.

“I’m always concerned when people jump in and talk about

sex addiction, as if it were a thing that exists when it clearly does not have good support and certainly isn’t in any diagnostic manuals.”

The study does not explicitly refer to pornography use as an addiction or disorder.

According to Tompsett, the fact that excessive pornography use is not categorized as a disorder in the Diagnostic Statistics Manual, a commonly cited resource for psychiatric disorders, does not mean it does not negatively affect people.

“For some people, [pornography] can be destructive and maybe [they] need some help to reduce their behaviors,” Tompsett said. “Whatever you want to call it, if it’s negatively impacting their life, then they probably need some help.”

Prause said that because indi-

viduals often attempt to reconcile their own behavior with what they report in studies, she wished to see the study bolstered by performance data, with participants actually seeing whether these strategies worked, and reporting back.

Kraus also said that he was interested in having the study replicated with participants who were actively seeking treatment, while Tompsett said she wanted to see if participants with high self-efficacy would actually reduce porn use.

According to a 2008 study in the Journal of Adolescent Research, nearly nine out 10 male college students and nearly one-third of female college students watched porn.

Contact MICHELLE LIU at michelle.liu@yale.edu .

THAO DO/ILLUSTRATIONS EDITOR

Study confirms inability to recognize voices

BY HANNAH YANG CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Some people lack the ability to recognize familiar voices, according to a recent study from Yale and the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, a research center in Germany.

In a study of over a thousand people who had expressed concerns that they might have this condition, researchers confirmed two cases of participants with the disorder, called phonagnosia. Scientists have long known of a similar condition called prosopagnosia — characterized by the inability to recognize faces. With many more known cases, prosopagnosia serves as a model for phonagnosia research.

Researchers remain unsure about what causes either condition.

“It’s really unclear why this happens, because this condition is so rare,” Samuel Mathias, a psychiatry postdoctoral associate who was involved in the study. “That’s research for the future.”

The researchers reached out to thousands of self-reported potential phonagnosics, and put them through various stages of testing, including tests on voice discrimination, musical ability and pitch perception. The two confirmed phonagnosics were over two standard deviations below average at identifying specific voices, but their speech intelligibility and musical ability were entirely normal, the study found.

The paper is the first to confirm the existence of the condition with comprehensive testing and a solid research design, Mathias said.

Both of the phonagnosics were aware of their condition before the study, he added. One participant realized something was wrong when she became a mother.

“When her daughter was playing with another kid, she couldn’t tell which of those two voices came from her daughter,” Mathias explained.

The other participant was not aware of any problem until a few years ago, when he was watching an English TV show dubbed in German with a friend. When the voice actor for one of the characters changed, the friend was shocked, but the participant did not bat an eye.

According to Mathias, both participants were normal in every other aspect of auditory perception — they only failed on the voice recognition tasks.

To the researchers, this suggests that voice recognition might be a completely separate process, both cognitively and anatomically, which can be selectively impaired.

“It’s known that the brain’s recognition abilities are part of a very modular system,” he said.

“So if [voice recognition] is modular and distinct, then you can knock it out without it affecting anything else.”

The anterior portion of the superior temporal sulcus is responsible for voice recogni-

KONSTANTINOS VYZAS/CONTRIBUTING ILLUSTRATOR

tion in the brain. Yet, according to the researchers, neither case of phonagnosia involved lesions in that brain area, providing no evidence for the physical determinants of the condition.

The visual counterpart to phonagnosia — prosopagnosia — is significantly more com-

mon, said Dartmouth psychology professor Brad Duchaine, who was not involved with the study.

Some estimates put the prevalence of prosopagnosia as high as one in 50, he added.

According to Duchaine, the causes of the conditions, whatever they may be, are likely sim-

ilar.

“There’s evidence that identity processing for faces goes on in different regions of the brain,” Duchaine said. “We don’t know all that much about voice processing, but you can imagine there’s a similar sort of division of labor.”

“Phonagnosia” comes from the Latin roots “phone” and “agnosia,” meaning “voice” and “no knowledge,” respectively.

The study will be published in Current Biology.

Contact HANNAH YANG at hannah.yang@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, OCTOBER 7, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 11

“Love is but the discovery of ourselves in others, and the delight in the recognition.”

ALEX SMITH SCOTTISH POET

Early drinking behavior has lifelong effect

BY MALINA SIMARD-HALM CONTRIBUTING REPORTER The longer the amount of time between the first time someone drinks and gets drunk, the lower the likelihood of becoming alcohol-dependent, a new Yale study, “First Drink to First Drunk,” has found.

The age at which an individual first drinks alcohol, also known as the age of onset (AO), is one of the most researched risk factors for heavy drinking later in life.

But researchers have spent less time examining the relationship between AO and the age of first intoxication (AI) — the first time someone gets drunk.

The time between AO and AI is known as “delay to intoxication.” The shorter this delay and the earlier the AO, the higher the future risk of binge drinking, according to the study — which will be published in the October issue of Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research.

“Looking at age of onset and delay to intoxication simultaneously is a more informative way to understand early intoxication and future risk,” said Megan Morean, a psychiatry professor at the Yale School of Medicine and the lead author of the study.

“It allows you to decompose the problem into its different parts.”

Although many researchers contend that an early AO is closely related to subsequent heavy drinking, research findings have been inconsistent, Morean said. In 2012, when Morean and her colleagues were researching AO in college students, she realized that delay to intoxication was a risk factor. The current study replicates those findings, but with a study population of high school students, as opposed to college students. It also extends the research focus to the delay of intoxication. It also extends the research focus to delay of intoxication.

“It was important to demonstrate a similar pattern of results

in adolescence to rule out the possibility that recall bias — which is when people inaccurately recall events or experiences — might have impacted the results when college stu-

dents were retrospectively reporting on their behavior in adolescence,” said Arizona State University psychology professor William Corbin, who reviewed the article.

To study the age of intoxication, the researchers administered surveys to 295 adolescent drinkers in high school. The participants who were predominantly Caucasian and whose

EMILY XIAO/CONTRIBUTING ILLUSTRATOR

average age was 16 years old — self-reported the first time they had consumed alcohol, the first time they had gotten drunk and their drinking habits in an anonymous survey.

The results were not a surprise — the researchers’ 2012 study had shown the same — but they were significant nonetheless, researchers interviewed said.

“This study corroborated the previous findings using a younger sample,” said Grace Kong, a researcher in the Yale School of Medicine psychiatry department and one of the study’s authors. “Now we are more confident that the delay between AO and AI is important to consider as we think about alcohol prevention for young people.”

The study also highlights how prevalent heavy drinking is among high school students, Morean said. She added that 80 percent of high schoolers have tried alcohol, a sign that current methods of prevention are not effective.

Many alcohol and drug prevention programs focus on preventing initiation of use, but the study’s authors contend that the progression between initial drink to first intoxication is equally important.

As a result, the study could have very important implications for prevention efforts, Morean said. The study suggests that prevention efforts should emphasize the importance of delaying both initiation of alcohol use and drinking to intoxication, instructor in adolescent medicine and contributing study author Deepa Camenga wrote in an email to the News.

“Efforts to prevent progression from any use to heavy use may also have a substantial impact,” Corbin wrote. “If we can identify early users and engage in targeted efforts to reduce their risk for progression to heavy drinking, we may be able to alter their longterm trajectory of alcohol use.”

Both Morean and Corbin stated that the research has important implications for the education of high schoolers and their parents. Letting people know that drinking and getting drunk earlier increase risk of alcohol dependence later in life could deter high school students from starting to drink or binge drink, Corbin wrote in an email.

Morean said that future research should attempt to mitigate the ambiguity of “drunkenness,” and the inevitable subjectivity of the survey by establishing a “more concrete definition of intoxication.” She also hopes to examine what kind of variables influence delay to intoxication.

She cited impulsive behavior and hereditary factors as potential contributors.

Gong and Morean also stated that it would be informative to collect more information regarding the survey participants’ first drinking encounters. Whether their first experience was positive or negative may determine their decision to engage in problematic drinking in the future, they said.

According to Ralph Hingson, director of the division of epidemiology and prevention research at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism — a division of the National Institutes of Health — future research ought to move beyond just alcohol and ask the same questions of tobacco, marijuana and other substance use.

Peg Calder, President and Founder of The Foundation for Alcoholism Research, Inc., suggested a parallel study that uses fMRI technology to establish correlations between drinking behaviors and brain activity.

According to a Yale Daily News Class of 2018 freshman survey, 75 percent of incoming freshmen had consumed alcohol prior to arriving at Yale.

Contact MALINA SIMARD-HALM at malina.simard-halm@yale.edu .

New depression treatment offers hope

BY JIAHUI HU CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Professor of psychiatry and the Director of the Yale Depression Research Program Gerard Sanacora is investigating the use of the anesthetic ketamine as a treatment for depression. Currently, most antidepressants take weeks to have an effect, but ketamine’s antidepressant effects kick in within hours. Sanacora is currently conducting experiments to determine the optimal dosage level, as well as the exact rapidity of ketamine’s antidepressant effects. The News sat down with Sanacora to understand how ketamine works and what it could mean for the future of depression treatment. is it important to speed QWhy up the delivery of drugs that treat depression?

A

The problem is, right now, most treatments for depression require weeks to have a clinically meaningful effect. For many people, that wouldn’t be a terrible problem. Depression runs a large range of severity. For a person with mild, even moderate depression, it’s not urgent.

But for people with severe depression, four weeks is an incredibly long time. Especially when it reaches the point where people are seriously considering suicide, or where people have stopped performing daily functions, like stopped eating.

actually changes. do all drugs that treat QSodepression work the same way or is it only ketamine?

A

They don’t all work the same way. Let’s say, for example, Prozac most typically would take weeks to work. We would say that Prozac works by binding and blocking the transport of the serotonin reuptake transporter. But that’s not what causes the antidepressant effect.

That happens within 15 minutes of taking the drug, and nobody feels better after only 15 minutes of taking the drug. We think [taking the drug] just initiates the process and there are downstream effects that start initiating the antidepressant effect.

So there might be many ways of going through the front door, but do they all lead through the same backdoor?

Q

they been treated these QHave 14 years, from 2000 to now, or solely through your study?

A

These are including all studies. There have been several smaller studies. There really hasn’t been one large definitive study that has been done.

Q

What distinguishes your clinical trial from the other ones?

A

Right now we’re just starting a large study sponsored by the National Institute of

Health. We’re trying to understand what would be the optimal dose of the medication to give.

The studies to date have all used the same dose of medication that was figured out more than 15 years ago. No one has tried to figure out [what happens] if we use a larger dose of medication, or if we could use smaller doses of the medication and have the same effect.

Q

What about the other study?

A

We’re trying to figure out if there’s a real acute benefit

[very rapid effects] of the medicine for patients with severe depression.

Q

How rapid?

A

Very rapidly. Within a few hours.

do you think that treatQWhen ments involving ketamine will be available on the market?

A

So the scary thing is that it’s available on the market right now. You can get [it] from your pharmacy. It’s been available as

That would be nice if we knew exactly. The real answer for any of our treatments is that we don’t really know — including drugs like Prozac.

the current hypothQWhat’s esis?

A

It looks like ketamine is having its acute effects by binding to a specific receptor for the neurotransmitter glutamate.

Then it’s actually triggering a neuroplastic effect — so the way the brain cells talk to each other

for the treatQIsmentit available of depression?

A

No, as an anesthetic agent.

It’s used very commonly in pediatric anesthesia and it’s used in the emergency room quite frequently. There’s no law against people using it. It’s just not indicated for depression. But doctors can use medications off label if they want to. So I think the question we’re getting more at is when do we think that the FDA indication for the use of ketamine will include depression. I think that will depend on the results of the next few studies, [which will determine] the safety of the drug.

studies go accordQSoing ifto the plan, will it just be a few years?

A

I think that because it’s a drug that’s readily available and has been out for 80 years, it wouldn’t have a long delay in making it to the clinic. But it really depends on the FDA. It’s such a different approach to treatment that the FDA is going to have to come to some decisions on how they think it should be used. I don’t think this is going to be the type of drug that people will be getting at the local pharmacy and taking home. This will probably be, especially initially, used more in a hospital setting. That could happen very quickly, easily within a five-year time period.

Why does ketamine work faster than Prozac?

A

One of the thoughts is that you might be entering the system closer to the point that’s actually generating the actual antidepressant effect. So let’s say that Prozac is initiating a series of 20 events that result in the antidepressant effect. Ketamine might be entering the system at a much closer point — much closer to the actual thing where the antidepressant effect is coming from.

does the ketamine treatI’m guessing that clinical QHow QSotrials ment work? have been conducted

A

an FDA approved drug for many years.

already?

are some of the risks of QWhat using ketamine?

A

A

Yes, quite a few.

Ketamine itself — with a higher dose — is an anesthetic agent. There are significant changes in your heart rate and blood pressure that accompany ketamine, so it really has to be given in a situation that is medically monitored. And also, there are some dangers in cognition and perception that would limit its use as a dosage for outpatients.

So it really needs to be monitored.

extent have these triQToalswhat been conducted?

A

The first clinical trial was published in 2000 here at Yale. And since then there have been a large number of studies that have been published. At this point there have been a few hundred patients in total treated in clinical trials with ketamine.

KAREN TIAN/SENIOR ILLUSTRATOR

Contact JIAHUI HU at jiahui.hu@yale.edu .

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“All of the players … are all here because of our Head Coach Brian Tompkins, and it would be great to honor him with a successful rest of the season.”

MATTHEW O’DONOGHUE ’14 LIGHTWEIGHT CREW O’Donoghue is one of four finalists for the 2014 Parmigiani Spirit Award — awarded to the collegiate rowing athlete who inspires others through the core values of rowing.

MORGAN ROBERTS ’16 FOOTBALL Roberts set the Yale single-game completion percentage record against Cornell completing 26 of 30 passes for a 86.6 percent conversion rate. On the day, Roberts hit receivers for 312 passing yards and five touchdowns.

NBA Wizards 85 Bulls 81

CONNER LACHENBRUCH ’15

MIDFIELD

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, OCTOBER 7, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

Bulldogs cruise past competition SAILING

Elis top Harvard, take home tournament

BY JOEY YE CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Braving heavy wind and rain, the Yale Men’s Golf Team barely overcame Harvard Saturday, defeating the Crimson by just one point.

MEN’S GOLF This weekend, the Elis hosted the MacDonald Cup, leading in the first round by three holes with an overall score of 286, followed closely by Harvard with 289 strokes and Kennesaw State with 295. During the second round, the team was able to achieve a score of 283 which, although lower than their first round score, was beaten by both Harvard and Kennesaw State, who notched scores of 281 and 280, respectively. But Yale was able to eke out a victory, with a grand total of 569.

“This is one of our banner tournaments SEE GOLF PAGE 8

YALE DAILY NEWS

The No. 1 Bulldogs won both the Danmark and the Hewitt Trophies this weekend.

BY FREDERICK FRANK STAFF REPORTER The coed sailing team sailed through treacherous waters over the weekend, overcoming nature’s will to outperform the competition.

Despite fearsome conditions, the No. 1 coed sailing team ruled the waters once again this past weekend, defending the Danmark Trophy, winning the Hewitt Trophy and placing 10th at the Jesuit Open.

“This win shows how hard we have worked individually and as a group,” crew Charlotte Belling ’16 said. “I think we all want to see how we can improve even more before the big events in the spring, like nationals. We are building momentum, and everyone is working really hard to keep up these top results.”

For the second year in a row, the

Bulldogs placed first at Dartmouth, taking home the Danmark trophy by 23 points. Skipper Graham Landy ’15 along with crews Belling and Katherine Gaumond ’15 battled rains on Saturday afternoon and fluctuating winds on Sunday afternoon to come from behind to defend their title. The Elis managed only two top-10 finishes in their first three races, but Landy and company ran off seven podium finishes in the next 12 races to sail away with the A division title by 19 points.

In the B division, classmates Ian Barrows ’17 and Meredith Megarry ’17, after a troublesome first three races, rattled off six straight top-six placed finishes to propel Yale to the upper echelons of the competition.

The duo cemented their place atop the B division leaderboard with a win on the 11th race of the day.

“I was incredibly pleased with our team’s performance this weekend” Landy said. “The Danmark is always one of the most challenging regattas of the year, given the depth of the fleet and the difficulty of the venue. Given our results from last year, there is obviously a lot of pressure to perform at an event like this.

I think we did a fantastic job of managing expectations and focusing on little details that will allow us to keep improving.”

Elsewhere, the Bulldogs pierced the topsails of the competition winning the three-division Hewitt Trophy by a massive 38 points spread.

Yale stood on the podium for 22 of the 45 races during the weekend. In the A division, skipper Mitchell Kiss ’17 along with crews Sarah Smith ’15 and Clara Robertson ’17 took the wind out of their opponents sails, finishing

Elis race to fourthplace finishes

BY ROHAN NAIK CONTRIBUTING REPORTER After a two-week break from competition, the men’s and women’s crosscountry teams both rebounded this weekend to fourth place finishes at the Paul Short Invitational, held at Lehigh University.

CROSS COUNTRY Ten Bulldogs from each team competed in the gold race, the women in a field of 41 teams and the men in a field of 42 teams. Both the men and the women finished as the top Ivy League team in the meet.

“We were hoping to go into the meet and be the top Ivy League school there,” Emily Stark ’16 said. “We knew that Brown and Cornell were going to be formidable opponents, and that it’d take a good performance from everyone to beat them and execute our race plan.”

The women’s strong performance was due largely to depth and outstanding showings from both upperclassmen and freshmen.

Kira Garry ’15 led the Bulldogs with a ninth-place finish overall and a time of 20:14. Rounding out the top five were Dana Klein ’18, Emily Stark ’16, Samantha Glass ’18 and Kelli Reagan ’18. Garry credited the strong finishes with the team’s pre-race plan.

“Our coach told us around the number of places we should be,” Garry said.

“At the mile, our coach told me I should be between 20th and 30th place, and Dana, Emily, Sami [and] Kelli to try to be between 40th and 60th [place].”

Additionally, over half of the runners on the women’s team earned personal records this meet.

Garry improved her previous sixkilometer personal record by over a minute — an impressive result given that the meet is so early in the season.

“I didn’t have a time goal going in,” Garry said. “I was really excited to see my time coming in, and I didn’t think I could run that fast this early. It makes me excited for Pre-Nationals.”

Despite the strong results so far, the women are still looking to improve and SEE CROSS COUNTRY PAGE 8

STAT OF THE DAY 2

first or second in 10 out of the 15 races during the regatta. Smith, along with crew Chandler Gregoire ’17, helped skipper Malcom Lamphere ’18 place fourth.

In the C division skipper Casey Kingler ’18 got her sea legs sailing with the coed team for the first time this year. The Hotchkiss School alum — the same preparatory school from which Landy and Belling hail — placed fourth, with the help of crews Natalya Doris ’17 and Isabelle Rossi de Leon ’17 placed fourth.

“I was very happy with the weekend’s performance,” Belling said.

“Our underclassmen have had outstanding performances this fall. Both classes have shown a steep improvement throughout their college careers, and it’s just the beginning.”

SEE SAILING PAGE 8

YALE DAILY NEWS

Captain Will Davenport ’15 had the second-best score in the Macdonald Cup, helping Yale take home the trophy over Harvard.

Lachenbruch ’15 aims to improve record

BY JULIA YAO CONTRIBUTING REPORTER The Yale men’s soccer team has had a tough start to its season. The Elis (0–7–2, 0–1–0 Ivy) fell to Harvard (6–3–0, 1–0–0) last Saturday in their Ivy League opener. After losing four straight matches and going scoreless for the sixth time this season, the Bulldogs aspire for a comeback at Dartmouth this Saturday. The News sat down with captain Conner Lachenbruch ’15 to discuss the team’s performance and his outlook of the season.

MEN’S SOCCER would you describe the overQHow all performance of the Bulldogs in the last game against Harvard?

A

I describe it as a great fight. We knew it was going to be a battle and everybody stepped up to the occasion. They ended up taking advantage of their opportunities and we didn’t. They were better because of it.

YALE DAILY NEWS

Captain Conner Lachenbruch ’15 has started all eight games he has played in and taken five shots on goal this season. what ways was the team’s What has the team learned from QInoffense unable to find opportuni- Qits loss against Harvard and how ties during that game?

A

They did a very good job of being organized and exploiting our weaknesses.

does it seek to improve in the following weeks?

NUMBER OF YEARS IN A ROW THE COED SAILING TEAM WON THE DANMARK TROPHY. The Bulldogs also won the Hewitt Trophy at Dartmouth over the weekend.

SEE Q & A PAGE 8