Today's Paper

NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT · TUESDAY, OCTOBER 27, 2015 · VOL. CXXXVIII, NO. 36 · yaledailynews.com

INSIDE THE NEWS MORNING EVENING

SUNNY CLOUDY

58 41

CROSS CAMPUS

BEER GOGGLES ALCOHOL AND ATTRACTIVENESS

GO PHISH

THIS TIME FOR AFRICA

PHISHING EMAILS FLOOD YALE INBOXES, ITS FIGHTS BACK

YALE YOUNG AFRICA SCHOLARS SEES EXPANSION

PAGES 12-13 SCI-TECH

PAGE 3 UNIVERSITY

PAGE 5 UNIVERSITY

State grants millions in housing funds

California love. The University

of Southern California announced that former YaleNew Haven Health Systems executive James Staten will move to Los Angeles in January to take a position in the USC administration.

According to the Los Angeles Times, Staten will serve as Southern California’s chief financial officer, managing the university budget.

Bush brothers. Former President George Bush ’68 supported his brother, 2016 presidential candidate Jeb Bush, at a Houston event Monday. The younger Bush, who is the third in his family to run for president, trails behind Donald Trump and Ben Carson ’73 in the polls. But his older brother has faith in the 2016 hopeful — George called Jeb a “fierce competitor.”

Playing catch-up. Fox Club,

one of Harvard’s eight all-male final clubs, announced that it included women in its new member class. Welcome to the 21st century, Cantabs. The conversation about including female members is one that Yale’s secret societies were having over 40 years ago when the University admitted its first class of women.

VARGA SUSTAINS CONCUSSION, GOES ON INJURED RESERVE PAGE 14 SPORTS

UWC modifies procedures

BY MONICA WANG STAFF REPORTER

$20 million to in-state housing projects twice a year. This time, the Dwight Co-Op, or Dwight Gardens, received a loan of $3.75 million to rehabilitate more than 50 units. The other $4 million that the

After thoroughly reviewing existing policies, the University-Wide Committee on Sexual Misconduct has implemented a host of changes to its formal procedures, University President Peter Salovey announced in a campuswide email Monday.

The changes, effective today, include a modification of the role of the final decision maker, who has the conclusive say on the outcome of hearings of formal sexual misconduct complaints. According to UWC procedure, formal complaints are heard in front of a panel of five UWC members, who then decide if the respondent has violated University sexual misconduct policy and recommend disciplinary action if necessary. The final decision maker — the dean of the respondent’s school, or the provost if the respondent is a faculty member — can then accept, modify or reject the panel’s decision and disciplinary recommendation. Under the new procedural changes, the decision maker is now required to meet with all members of the UWC panel who participated in the hearing if he or she is considering any changes to the panel’s conclusions and recommendations for action. This is a departure from the previous procedures, in which the decision maker

SEE HOUSING PAGE 6

SEE UWC PAGE 6

Bop to the top. A cappella

group Pentatonix, which includes cellist and beatboxer Kevin Olusola ’12, topped the Billboard 200 chart yesterday with its new self-titled album.

The new record, released on Oct. 16, is the group’s first set composed of all original content. The singing group beat out Demi Lovato, who holds the No. 2 spot with her album “Confident.”

DOWN AND OUT

ELIZABETH MILES/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

The Connecticut Department of Housing grants for New Haven total up to $7.75 million.

BY JIAHUI HU STAFF REPORTER Two Elm City affordable housing projects will see an influx in funding of up to $7.75 million from the Connecticut Department of Housing, Gov. Dannel Malloy announced

Monday.

The two recipients — the Dwight Co-Op on Edgewood and Farnam Courts in the Mill River neighborhood — won the Competitive Housing Assistance for Multifamily Properties’ most recent funding round. CHAMP grants roughly

City ousts campus food trucks

BY JIAHUI HU STAFF REPORTER Two weeks after the New Haven Building Department stepped up its enforcement of food vendor ordinances, the College Street landscape has drastically changed.

After a city building official

notified several campus food trucks that they could no longer operate in their previous locations, the Ay! Arepa food truck has found a new home in front of Trumbull College on York Street. But the two blocks of College Street in front of Cross Campus and Silliman College — the former home of The

Cheese Truck and Chief Brody’s Banh Mi truck — are now completely off limits to food trucks and carts. According to city regulations, food trucks and carts have not been allowed to operate in residential zones, a rule that has recently been reinforced by city administrators. Before a building depart-

ment official approached food trucks two weeks ago, at least four had operated in their previous locations for years without being notified they were in a residential zone. Economic Development Administrator Matthew Nemerson said staff shuffling in the building department meant that food truck reg-

ulation relaxed over the last few years. James Turcio, who was promoted to head the department in February, amped up the department’s oversight, Nemerson said.

A few weeks ago, Turcio realized several popular food trucks SEE FOOD TRUCKS PAGE 8

The results are in. According

to score reports from the state’s Smarter Balanced tests — administered to elementary school students and high school juniors across Connecticut — Darien High School is the best in the state.

Located in Fairfield County, Darien is one of the wealthiest towns in Connecticut.

Oh yeah. Emi Mahmoud ’16, who is a member of the spoken word group Oye, recently won first place at the Individual World Poetry Slam Championship. Mahmoud took the prize after delivering a poem she wrote about her mother.

American Bar & Chill. The

Purple Crayon of Yale will perform at Box 63 at 7 p.m. tonight. The comedy show is the first of a series of events hosted by the bar this week. Box 63 will have three consecutive Halloween parties beginning Thursday night.

THIS DAY IN YALE HISTORY

1960 A poll of undergraduates shows that two-thirds of Yale students support Richard Nixon over John F. Kennedy for president. Two weeks later, Kennedy wins the election with 303 electoral votes to Nixon’s 219.

Follow along for the News’ latest.

Twitter | @yaledailynews

y

State urges medication for murder suspect

BY MICHELLE LIU STAFF REPORTER State medical professionals testified in favor of forcibly administering antipsychotic medication to alleged murderer Lishan Wang in a New Haven Superior Court hearing Monday afternoon.

Wang is charged with the fatal shooting of former Yale-New Haven Hospital postgraduate fellow Vajinder Toor on April 26, 2010 and the attempted murder of Toor’s wife. In April of this year, the New Haven Superior Court deemed Wang incompetent to stand trial based on psychiatric evaluations by state medical professionals. Psychiatrists found that Wang suffers from paranoia, persecutory ideation — a delusional condition in which a person believes he is being persecuted — as well as depression. They also found that Wang regularly makes statements that suggest grandiose thinking, a symptom often seen in bipolar or schizophrenic patients. Following the April ruling, Wang began receiving treatment at the Connecticut Valley Hospital, as doctors sought to restore his competency.

In September, the court appointed nurse Gail Sicilia of the Connecticut Mental Health Center as Wang’s health care guardian. Sicilia filed a report in late October on whether prescribed medication would restore Wang to competency, thus allowing him to stand trial. Alongside a doctor from Connecticut Valley Hospital, Sicilia testiSEE TRIAL PAGE 6

Higher income, higher satisfaction Percent of Yale graduates who “Strongly Agree” that their Yale degree was worth the cost of tuition

63

47

70

73

SURVEY RESULTS ALUMNI INCOME VS SATISFACTION WITH VALUE OF DEGREE

53 Income Bracket $100,000+ $75,000–$100,000 $50,000–$75,000 $25,000–$50,000 $1,000–$25,000 SAMUEL WANG/PRODUCTION & DESIGN EDITOR

O

n Oct. 11, the News sent Yale College graduates in the classes of 2013 and 2014 a survey with questions about the value of a Yale degree relative to its cost. This is the second in a five-part series on the results. DAVID SHIMER reports.

For Yale graduates, money may buy happiness — at least when it comes to their education.

On Sept. 29, the Chronicle of Higher Education published the

results of a Gallup-Purdue Index survey which found that 50 percent of 30,000 college alumni nationwide strongly agreed that their college degrees were worth the cost.

At research universities like Yale, a slightly higher-than-average 53 percent of respondents felt the same.

In response to the Gallup numbers, the News distributed a comprehensive survey to the classes of 2013 and 2014 asking whether they believed their education justified the cost of Yale tuition. Three hundred forty-four alumni responded, and results suggest that graduates of Yale and universities nationally have something in common: the higher SEE INCOME PAGE 8

PAGE 2

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, OCTOBER 27, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

OPINION

.COMMENT yaledailynews.com/opinion

“What would a sex-negative sex toy shop look like?”

'JERRY' ON 'FANG: LET’S TALK ABOUT SEX'

G U E ST C O LU M N I ST JA M E S B A R I L E

GUEST COLUMNIST GLENDA GILMORE

A Hundred Acre Woode

A fair trial for the faculty

O

ne year ago, I sat in a meeting with graying Yale administrators, senior faculty, an environmental lawyer and a donor in blue jeans to discuss a model by which Yale could lead New England’s conversion to renewable energy.

Imagine if a donor approached Yale with 100 acres, offering its vast sunlit expanse to the University free of land tax, for renewable energy generation. Imagine, too, that the state’s central electricity power line ran through the property, minimizing the cost of connecting to the grid. Imagine if the project’s estimated capacity was between three and ninefold that of the West Campus solar installation lauded by the media one week ago.

Imagine if Yale could help power a small town.

That is Yale’s current position. The University could help generate clean energy for a small Connecticut town — at what I, and one of the country’s top solar provider, believe to be no net cost for Yale. Anything but simple indolence on its part could revolutionize the role of nongovernmental institutions in alleviating the national carbon reduction burden.

Of several viable models, one is this: the institution (Yale, hopefully) distributes its loan security onto a community with territory auspicious for solar or wind energy. Yale’s nearly indelible credit rating, superior to the governments of France, Belgium, Japan and even the U.S., according to Standard and Poor’s, lends both credibility and extremely low rates to capital-building projects it underwrites. Yale need only indicate its interest in buying the credits of energy eventually generated, if the project is successful.

Still, a year later, the deal remains on the table and the University not acted on this opportunity, while neglecting to examine many potential similar opportunities.

The effect of a university underwriting renewable ventures has been powerful even for less loan-secure institutions: the University of Connecticut’s entrance into a similar renewable energy agreement near its Avery Point campus helped those at the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection generate $3 million for the project’s creation.

This unnamed 100-acre solar farm could generate several megawatts of energy from the free source of the sun, creating a revenue stream for the community as free energy flows to the grid year-round

and is purchased by the state.

So why hasn’t Yale opted into this project or anything similar? Yale's sustainability efforts are enervated by a Provost's office that appears concerned more with image— than with policies of gravity for the nation. Even at the meeting one year ago, I heard the whispers: some in the Yale administration believed that the University had already hit its sustainability “quota.” Why overshadow the comparably miniscule investments in sustainability it had recently announced?

The significance of this demur does not rest in this one idea, per se. Rather, it exists in the fact that donors from all corners of the world seek to contribute to the coffers of Yale for an advancement of social good. Environmentally conscious alumni, for example, seek targeted donations to issues of sustainability that they feel passionate about, whether that means solar panels on their residential college or another campus building— a donation option Yale could use to incentivize greater revenues.

This investment opportunity comes after the University pleaded its commitment to environmental preservation while rejecting students’ demands for divestment. On the controversial but understandable grounds that divestment could reduce the University’s endowment returns. In this case, the University can claim no such excuse.

The ball is in our court. Top minds have delineated the path to decarbonize without a negative statement in Yale’s checkbook. Few have the means to advance renewable energy at this scale. Yale has the opportunity to lead.

As Nike, Walmart, Goldman Sachs, Starbucks, Johnson & Johnson and the entire state of Washington pledge toward using 100-percent renewable energy, the idea that Yale’s needs are somehow greater or that its leaders are somehow less capable of this vision is absurd. Since Connecticut has the most expensive conventional energy in the continental United States, Yale has a financial opportunity unparalleled by its peer institutions in more fossil fuel-rich states.

Yale should have the same resilience of its students to react to an ever-changing climate, if not a bulldog’s boldness to place its nose in the bushes of opportunity. And with a Hundred Acre Woode awaiting, there are many, many bushes to explore.

T

he committee that produced the Standards of Faculty Conduct is now circulating a draft of “Review Procedures for Complaints about Violations of the Standards of Faculty Conduct” to invite discussion. These Procedures merit exhaustive discussion, since they will bind every faculty member in all of Yale’s schools. I recently spoke before the Faculty of Arts and Sciences Senate to encourage that body to vote against the Procedures because they fail to provide for fair hearings for those of us who teach at Yale.

It is important to note that cases of faculty sexual misconduct or academic misconduct will continue be tried before the University-Wide Committee on Sexual Misconduct or under the current University procedures for academic misconduct. The new procedures outline the rules for hearings of faculty members who violate the Standards of Faculty Conduct recently incorporated in the Faculty Handbook.

Those standards are capacious enough to invite complaints against faculty for failing to hold office hours as scheduled, being late with a letter of recommendation, breaking a departmental rule, intimidating a colleague, shirking committee responsibilities or publicly demonstrating or speaking in a way that disrupts the “orderly conduct of a University function or activity.” Anyone connected with Yale — student, staff mem-

ber, administrator or post-doctoral trainee — is allowed to file a complaint.

The Yale faculty overwhelmingly deplores bad conduct in its ranks and seeks to stop it when it occurs. However, it is equally important to provide a fair hearing for offenders.

Moreover, due process is equally crucial for an innocent faculty member unjustly accused. In addition, the system must recognize gradations of seriousness in a single offense; for example, missing office hours one week does not constitute a pattern of being unavailable to students. Moreover, the judicial apparatus must incorporate the principle of proportional punishment across the cases it hears.

The proposed Procedures lack any of those protections, yet a guilty finding can result in a “combination” of punishments, from a verbal warning to “short-term suspension without pay.” But the Panel may do more, since its actions “are not limited to” those listed. The outcome of such a hearing could ruin an innocent faculty member’s career here at Yale or his or her prospects at other institutions.

The Procedures violate basic constitutional rights to due process, including the active role of counsel at hearings, the accused’s right to hear and question witnesses, timely hearings, fair appeals, double jeopardy, equal justice and a jury chosen by a process untainted by bias.

Under the current Procedures, deans across the University, untrained in evidentiary standards and judicial fairness, may both initiate trials and ultimately judge them. Deans may bring complaints themselves and then overturn the Faculty Review Panel’s findings. The same deans appoint the Faculty Review Panel, which acts as prosecutor, judge and jury. The dean chooses the Panel from a pool appointed by the provost.

If the accused faculty member objects to anyone on the panel, the dean may overrule the accused’s objection. The accused may have an “adviser,” but the adviser has no guaranteed right to speak.

The Panel, but not the accused, has a right to procure and review confidential University documents concerning the accused. The Panel may call witnesses. The accused may propose witnesses, but the Panel does not have an obligation to call them. The Panel decides on “clear and convincing evidence,” but has no training in evidentiary standards.

The Panel has the explicit right to exclude the accused from its examination of witnesses against the accused, who has no right to hear or read their testimony. There is no right to or provision for a written transcript of the proceedings.

The entire trial may last three months, or even six months, if summer intervenes.

Upon receipt of the Panel’s findings, the dean may ask for

more evidence, which again, the accused has no right to review.

The dean may then overturn the Panel’s findings and/or punishment recommendations. There is no mechanism by which the accused can introduce evidence on the comparative past discipline of others similarly accused, propagating unequal punishment across the faculty.

The standards for appeal are so limited that no effective appeal is possible. They include “a procedural error” or “the discovery of material facts,” both impossible to prove without a transcript or allowing the accused to hear and question witnesses. Appeal can be made with proof of the imposition of a disproportionate penalty. However, no mechanism exists to introduce evidence that the penalty is disproportionate, since there is no right to discovery of the disposition of other cases or their penalties.

I urge faculty members in every school to become familiar with the as yet untested Standards of Faculty Conduct and to discuss and vote on the draft Procedures in their respective faculty meetings. There is still time to construct a fair system, one that incorporates the principles of due process and one that empowers the faculty to assume responsibility for holding itself to the highest standards.

GLENDA GILMORE is the Peter V. and C. Vann Woodward Professor of History. Contact her at glenda.gilmore@yale.edu .

G U E S T C O L U M N I S T J U N YA N C H U A

Resist the sophomore slump

JAMES BARILE is a sophomore in Silliman College. Contact him at james.barile@yale.edu .

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COPYRIGHT 2015 — VOL. CXXXVIII, NO. 36

E

veryone has heard of the “sophomore slump” — the ennui that supposedly sets in once the exuberance of freshman year wears off. However, the label is neither helpful nor valid.

Not only does it set sophomores up for failure, it jeopardizes freshmen by creating unrealistic expectations about the first year of college.

Although I expected sophomore year to be rocky, it has thus far been surprisingly refreshing.

Far from being a slump, sophomore year occupies the sweet spot between certainty and possibility. On the one hand, sophomores have more or less figured out the demands of college life.

There is no need to scramble for warm clothing for the New England winter, and a lower chance of getting lost while going to class. Even downloading a new software program that assists in citation writing has made life much easier on the eves of paper deadlines.

Moreover, there is still time for sophomores to find answers to the big questions about their future. The pressure to find a job

or apply to graduate school has yet to set in, and it is not too late to switch to a new major or join a new extracurricular. Drawing on the lessons of freshman year, many sophomores realign their goals and priorities — and are often better off as a result.

To be sure, there are challenges to being a sophomore, and the University could do more to support them. For example, more departments should reserve spots for sophomores in their seminars, and do a better job of advertising those opportunities. Residential colleges could also organize social events for sophomores, who might feel like neglected middle children given that the spotlight often hovers on freshmen and seniors.

Nonetheless, the cultural trope of the sophomore slump is not only wrong, but also harmful. For some sophomores, the slump becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy: They settle for less because they see lethargy and disillusionment as an inevitable phase of college. Upperclassmen and professors may also become dismissive of the issues facing

sophomores, chalking up legitimate complaints to the mythologized slump. Consequently, sophomores who genuinely need extra help don’t always get it.

But the real reason the sophomore slump is so insidious is that it imperils freshmen. The companion myth to the sophomore slump is that “freshman year is great” — a line which upperclassmen often use on first-year students. While I had a decent freshman year, I didn’t necessarily feel it was the best time of my life, and being told that it was or should have been made me unnecessarily anxious about what was to come.

Indeed, I have heard of more than one freshman who took time off from Yale because they worried that sophomore year would be a downhill slide. To be clear, taking a gap year is often a superb opportunity for self-discovery, but the decision shouldn’t be driven by the fear of sophomore year. To the freshmen reading this column, know that things can and often do get better with time, and that there is still hope if you haven’t quite

found your place at Yale.

Perhaps the ultimate lesson here is one of diversity. Just as there is no archetypal Yale student, there is no archetypal Yale career. Good Things and Bad Things happen, whether you have barely moved into your suite or your diploma is almost ready to go to print. Instead of seeking to formulate a universal theory of how the college experience pans out, we should respect the distinctive trajectory that every person takes. And rather than viewing our lives as a series of predetermined crescendos and diminuendos, we should keep our minds open to the potential for improvisation.

The Greeks wisely said, “Call no man happy until he is dead.”

Maybe I will eat my words about the joys of sophomore year come February, when the weather gets bad and the assignments pile up.

For now, I say we should resist the myth of the sophomore slump.

JUN YAN CHUA is a sophomore in Saybrook College. Contact him at junyan.chua@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, OCTOBER 27, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 3

NEWS

“Youth smiles without any reason. It is one of its chiefest charms.” THOMAS GRAY ENGLISH POET

Program lowers suspension rates

Phishing emails bait with Yale address

BY FINNEGAN SCHICK STAFF REPORTER

REBECCA KARABUS/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

NHPS Director of Special Services Typhanie Jackson spoke to students about the importance of the Social and Emotional Learning curricula.

BY REBECCA KARABUS STAFF REPORTER Suspension rates have dropped at several New Haven Public Schools, NHPS officials reported Monday at a Board of Education Teaching and Learning Committee meeting. Administrators present cited the Social and Emotional Learning curricula, launched in 2011, as a leading cause of the decline.

SEL, which aims to help students understand their emotions, foster healthy relationships and make responsible decisions, was officially added to the New Haven Public School System curriculum in 2011 after officials reviewed city behavioral standards data and realized behavior needed to improve, Truman Elementary School Principal Roy Araujo said.

Typhanie Jackson, director of student services for NHPS, said students are offered behavioral support through SEL at one of three levels of intensity, depending on their behavior. All students are taught self-management skills including de-escalation strategies for conflict situations. The third tier of intensity, which supports children with significant behavioral problems, offers students individual counseling and access to support agencies in the community.

Jamie Coady, an administrative

intern at John S. Martinez Magnet School, said SEL has contributed to the 90 percent decrease in suspensions at the school since 2011. Araujo, whose elementary school has seen a roughly 85 percent drop in suspensions since 2013, also credits SEL for the improvement. “[SEL] is paramount to improving student attitudes and beliefs about self, others and school,” Jackson said during her Monday presentation.

Araujo said SEL is improving the education of students from all parts of the behavioral spectrum. Araujo said 211 fewer students were sent to his office last year than there were in 2013, and lessons are interrupted less frequently by disrupted behavior.

Jackson said SEL gives students and teachers a common language they can use to set clear expectations for behavior. She cited Positive Behavioral Intervention and Supports — an element of SEL that aims to foster a positive school climate by rewarding good behavior — as an example of a tool that improves communication.

Mayor Toni Harp, president of the Board of Education, told meeting attendees that bad behavior in schools is often caused by trauma.

She said children struggle to talk about their emotions, especially after a traumatic event, adding that some students who are suffering do not

necessarily show it by acting out.

“The kids that internalize [trauma] may actually do well enough in school, but they’re … causing personal damage. It impacts their physical health,” Harp said, adding that those who externalize trauma often end up suspended or expelled.

Alice Forrester, executive director of Clifford Beers Clinic — a mental health clinic serving children and families in Greater New Haven — said 65 percent of NHPS children have been exposed to adversity, including parental incarceration, community violence or bereavement.

Harp said schools should provide students with social and emotional support so they do not carry the burden of family or community trauma with them to the classroom.

While the Board was impressed by the SEL statistics Jackson and school leaders presented, Coral Ortiz — a junior at Hillhouse High School and one of the Board’s two non-voting student members — said she hopes SEL will play a more prominent role in high schools as the program expands.

Eighty New Haven public students were expelled in 2013, according to a Connecticut Voices for Children report.

Contact REBECCA KARABUS at rebecca.karabus@yale.edu .

In an ongoing battle to protect Yale email accounts from viruses and online scams, Yale’s Information Technology Services has been sending the community emails warning against opening messages from suspicious addresses. But recently, those dangerous emails have been coming from “yale.edu” addresses, taking the appearance of the very warnings Yale sends.

Identifying hazardous emails can be as simple as spotting misspellings or unknown names, but through a technique known as “phishing,” an unknown source can try to obtain personal information over the Internet by pretending to be a legitimate sender, such as a university or a bank. While most phishing emails are blocked by ITS and never make it to Yale inboxes, some cases of phishing have recently slipped through the firewall.

“You may not be sure if this message is actually from Yale,” read a Sept. 10 email from Chief Information Security Officer Richard Mikelinich to the Yale community.

Early this year, a phishing email appeared in many Yale inboxes from the address “itshelp@yale.edu.” It appeared very similar to an official email Mikelinich sent out several weeks later, which was sent from “itscomm2@yale.edu.” Both emails warned against opening fake messages, and both appeared to be from legitimate sources. But as Mikelinich’s email pointed out, the former was not sent by a Yale affiliate.

“It was a phishing attempt disguised as an alert about phishing,” Mikelinich said in his September email.

Mikelinich promised the Yale community in his September email that they can still identify such messages, however cleverly disguised, as fake. The itshelp address was “not a legitimate Yale email address” despite its Yale domain name, Mikelinich wrote, and the links in the email were not legitimate URLs — both of which are suggestions of deception, he said. Still, he did not specify how to identify an illegitimate Yale email address.

One month after the emails from the fake Yale address, phishing messages returned to Yale inboxes. An Oct. 13 email from Mikelinich reported cases of dangerous emails that were sent to Yale accounts with the words “the seminar” or “order” in the subject line. An Oct. 15 email warned of similar emails featuring the word “financing” in the subject line. These emails, like the ones warning against phishing, were also cases of phishing.

“Universities are commonly harassed with large volumes of spam, phish and email with malware attachments,” Chief Information Officer Len Peters wrote in a Monday email to the News.

Attackers send these emails because there is an economic incentive to record and then sell the online activity of users, Peters said. There are two kinds of phishing, he explained: phishing targeted at a large audience and “spear phishing” — messages embellished with personal information to convince a highly valued group of people to open the email and relinquish their private information.

Because spear phishing has a smaller target group, like the email from the fake Yale ITS to the Yale community, this kind of phishing is harder to catch.

Phishing can result in identity theft, data loss or even the compromise of bank information, Mikelinich said. Even when attachments are opened and then closed quickly, “stealth programs” that are not visible on the screen are often installed without the user’s knowledge, Peters said. These programs record keystrokes, including passwords, and send this information to an attacker who can gain access to personal accounts, Peters added.

To educate students about identifying phishing, ITS set up a “Phishing eLearning” site on its Cyber Security Training website. Requests for passwords or personal information should always be viewed suspiciously, Mikelinich said. If students are still not sure if an email is from a legitimate source, they may call the ITS Help Desk.

Despite these concerns about phishing on campus and the effort to help the community protect itself against it, most students interviewed were like Rebecca Shoptaw ’18, who said she never received any of the phishing emails ITS alerted the Yale community about. Students also reported that they commonly discard emails that lack important subject lines.

Others said they receive many campuswide emails that they do not read.

All 20 students interviewed said they felt their Yale email accounts were secure, and that any spam messages they receive are not numerous enough to be irritating.

“Occasionally I receive spam but it usually goes right to the spam folder,” Scott Remer ’16 said. “Usually when I receive phishing it’s pretty transparent.”

The first known case of phishing occurred in 1995, when a program called AOHell attempted to hack AOL users by posing as an AOL company representative.

Contact FINNEGAN SCHICK at christopher.schick@yale.edu .

Top YouthStat grads rewarded for excellence

BY NOAH DAPONTE-SMITH STAFF REPORTER Mayor Toni Harp does not give Apple Watches to teenagers very often. But on Monday, five New Haven youths were each awarded an Apple Watch for earning top marks in a summer program run by the city.

The five teenagers, who participated in the four-week YouthStat Summer Program — an initiative that aims to make young people at high risk of delinquency in New Haven more employable — were recognized for their success in the program during a press conference on Monday at City Hall. This year’s summer program marks the first time that YouthStat, which typically runs during the school year, operated outside of the academic calendar since its establishment in 2014.

Harp said the dedication exhibited by the five honorees made them clear standouts among the 24 total participants in the program.

“Young people who enrolled in YouthStat get our attention because they are falling behind,” she said. “These young people distinguished themselves by getting ahead.”

The program taught mathematics and English, Harp said, but its main intention is to “keep the children productive over the summer.”

“Summer slippage,” a term child educators use to refer to students returning to school after summer break with lower levels of educational attainment, is often identified as a chief cause of the racial achievement gap.

Low-income minority families often cannot afford the expensive summer programs their wealthier peers can.

Youth Services Director Jason Bartlett, who works with Harp to organize YouthStat, said the pro-

NOAH DAPONTE-SMITH/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Youth Services Director Jason Bartlett said motivating students is key to YouthStat’s success. gram was a unique experience for all involved. He said participants’ motivation was vital to the program’s success.

“This summer school was not a credit-receiving summer school,” Bartlett said. “This summer school was because these young people decided they wanted to invest in themselves and in their education — and it was voluntary.”

Bartlett, who said he served as the unofficial principal for the program, said the YouthStat program fits well with the 10-point plan for increasing educational achievement that Harp

announced earlier this month. He said the program is part of Harp’s push to increase time spent in school.

Harp launched YouthStat after a series of shootings across the city took the lives of two New Haven teenagers. She said YouthStat used data analysis to identify public-school students at risk of engaging in criminal behavior and invite them to the program. Harp, who is up for re-election next week, has made youth services a priority during her term in office.

Bartlett said that due to the success of this year’s program, the city will run the program again in

the summer of 2016. He added that preparations are already underway.

At the start of the summer program, Bartlett said high-achieving participants were given gift cards. But Harp later decided Apple Watches would do an even better job of motivating the students, Bartlett said, adding that the funding for the five watches came from Harp’s personal foundation and not from city funds.

Jean Calcano, a senior at New Light High School and one of the five honorees, said the program turned what might have been a wasted summer into a useful one.

“[The program] is good if you’re not doing anything with the summer,” he said. “If you just want to hang out all summer, it’s better to do something productive.”

Eddy Garcia, another honoree and a senior at Wilbur Cross High School, agreed with Calcano, stating that the summer program helped him develop the skills he will need once he enters the competitive workforce.

Garcia — who will begin the Eli Whitney Technical High School’s manufacturing after-school program later this year — said he hopes graduating with a certifi-

cate in manufacturing will put him in a good position for securing employment.

Malcolm Welfare, a leadership coordinator with New Haven Public Schools, said all 24 of the program’s participants exceeded expectations.

“What we wanted to do was to give you something,” he said during the press conference.

“The fact that you guys rose to the occasion and showed that it can work […] really inspired me.”

Contact NOAH DAPONTE-SMITH at noah.daponte-smith@yale.edu .

PAGE 4

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ast Wednesday, Oct. 21, the Chaplain’s Office organized a daylong interfaith retreat for students of any religious background to visit “Mercy by the Sea,” a spirituality center in Madison, Connecticut. Here students participated in small group exercises, played games, made crafts and took a breather from campus life in general. BY ROBBIE SHORT

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, OCTOBER 27, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, OCTOBER 27, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 5

NEWS

“Domestic policy can only defeat us; foreign policy can kill us.” JOHN F. KENNEDY FORMER U.S. PRESIDENT

Sullivan speaks of foreign policy’s humanity

DANIELA BRIGHENTI/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Jake Sullivan ’98 LAW ’03 spoke at a JE Master’s Tea on Monday about the importance of seeing the humanity in foreign policy.

BY MANASA RAO CONTRIBUTING REPORTER At a Jonathan Edwards Master’s Tea on Monday afternoon, Jake Sullivan ’98 LAW ’03, senior policy advisor on Hillary Clinton’s LAW ’73 presidential campaign, spoke about the importance of human interactions in policymaking and discussed the goals of the Clinton campaign for the upcoming presidential election.

While working for Minnesota Sen. Amy Klobuchar, Sullivan was recruited to be deputy policy director and take the lead in debate preparations for Clinton’s 2008 presidential campaign. Sullivan then spent four years serving under Clinton at the State Department, first as deputy chief of staff and then as the youngest director of policy planning in State Department history. Sullivan later served as

national security advisor to Vice President Joe Biden for roughly a year and a half, after which he became a visiting lecturer at Yale Law School while remaining involved in Iranian nuclear negotiations.

Prompted by questions from both JE Master Penelope Laurans and students in attendance, Sullivan discussed the importance of realizing the humanity in foreign policy, America’s role as a world leader and Clinton’s plans for increased four-year college access.

Drawing on his personal experiences from a 2009 climate change summit in Copenhagen and a cease-fire agreement between Israel and Hamas, Sullivan emphasized that policymaking is a deeply human exercise.

Sullivan said there are never easy problems in high-level foreign policy, adding that all choices have downsides in an “incred-

ibly imperfect world.” Sullivan said that every answer in foreign relations involves risks and costs — the question becomes how policymakers elect strategies that carry fewer risks and more benefits.

“I know most Yale students want the right option and the one that is just right, but most policy decisions are B’s at best and are usually C’s. If a C is better than an F, then it is your responsibility to go with C,” Sullivan said.

Sullivan spoke about a meeting in Copenhagen where he realized that every significant issue in foreign policy — from poverty to climate change — involves diverse actors and diverse wants.

Speaking of his experience with the cease-fire agreement between Israel and Hamas, Sullivan urged the audience to think about the fact that foreign policy “is a study in imperfections and it should be no surprise that we

get imperfect results.”

Sullivan also addressed the principal goals of the United States’ foreign policy. He said the number one priority should be the safety of the American people, but that this could not be the only goal of the nation. Sullivan said that attempting to advance America’s economic prosperity in a way that lifts prosperity for all should be the second priority, adding the United States has a core responsibility to lead the world in solving global problems — poverty and pandemics included — that no country can solve on its own.

“What is interesting about America is that we have this desire and instinct to solve problems, and even though we overreach, make mistakes and sometimes, more than sometimes, need to self-correct, we have values related to human dignity,” Sullivan said.

Sullivan added that current foreign policy strategies are not as much a battle between powerful, larger countries but more about dynamics happening within countries, which contributes to the gap of knowledge policymakers face. As far as the wants of the American people, Sullivan said policymakers have to be transparent in the nature of the problems they are dealing with and the nature of the solutions they choose to create.

“Every major newspaper and news media has massively cut foreign correspondents and this is a disservice because the more people [receive explanations] as to what is happening, the better,” Sullivan said.

Attendants interviewed said Sullivan’s point that foreign policy is a human exercise at its core was especially poignant.

Deborah Monti ’19 said she learned that many of the foreign

policymakers are not as “omnipotent and all-knowing” as she thought they were.

“When you view politics as a citizen, I feel that there is a level of detachment where it is easy to make criticisms and judgments, but the fact that [Sullivan] could share these amazing anecdotes about what it really means to start a cease-fire shed light on how these decisions are made for me,” Monti said.

James Post ’19 said Sullivan’s talk made him view foreign policy decisions in a more forgiving way, adding that it is both interesting and worrisome that the decision makers are normal people who make human errors.

Sullivan also discussed Clinton’s plan to make higher education more affordable, slated to cost $350 billion.

Contact MANASA RAO at manasa.rao@yale.edu .

Scholars program for African youth to expand

BY ANDREA OUYANG CONTRIBUTING REPORTER On Monday, the University announced the expansion of the Yale Young African Scholars Program, a summer academic and leadership training program connecting African high school students to Yale students, faculty and staff.

The expansion is supported by a new partnership with the

Higherlife Foundation, a philanthropic organization that focuses on empowering African children through education. Through the partnership, the program will be offered in three countries each summer; over the next three years, 900 African high school students will be able to participate in the program. The expansion was announced simultaneously in New Haven and in Rwanda at the African Philanthropy Forum,

which aims to build a community of African philanthropists and social investors.

YYAS was founded in 2013 and held its first session in the summer of 2014. It was the first studentled initiative to connect students and resources from Yale to African high school students. During its first year, YYAS held sessions in Ethiopia and Ghana. The following year, sessions were held in Zimbabwe and Rwanda.

“We realized there was a lot of talent on the continent and definitely a need for one of these programs,” said Nicola Soekoe ’16, a YYAS founding member and instructor for the past two years.

Soekoe said the program’s purpose is twofold: In addition to introducing African students to the liberal arts, the program aims to increase access to opportunities for study in the United States and to help students complete college

COURTESY OF THE YALE YOUNG AFRICAN SCHOLARS PROGRAM

Students gathered around Rebekah Westphal, Yale’s director of International Admissions, after she gave an admissions talk.

applications. For African students who do not know anyone who has studied in the United States, the application system for American universities can be daunting, she said.

“My goal is to encourage students and to open up the possibility of what’s out there,” said Rebekah Westphal, Yale’s director of international admissions.

In addition to providing workshops for YYAS teachers and counselors, Westphal will work with Rebecca Zeigler-Mano — founder of the United States Achievers Program, a higher education program for low-income youth — to organize a conference bringing together NGOs that work with high-achieving, low-income students from Africa.

Similar collaboration among various University entities has helped make YYAS successful. In addition to the new partnership with the Higherlife Foundation, YYAS is administrated by the Yale Young Global Scholars Program, a summer academic enrichment program hosted by Yale in coordination with Yale Undergraduate Admissions and the MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies. According to Westphal, YYAS also reflects the goals of the Africa Initiative — Yale’s larger commitment to increase the visibility and presence of African scholarship and teaching at Yale, and vice versa — which was announced by University President Peter Salovey in his inaugural speech in 2013. “[YYAS] was started with the knowledge that this was something Yale, with its current focus on Africa, was committed to, that [Yale] would be excited to

help found new ventures and new ideas,” Soekoe said.

The relatively recent founding of the program has made it difficult to assess its impact on Yale’s admission of African international students. In the 2015 summer session of YYAS, for example, students who attended were still completing secondary school and would not be applying to American universities for two years.

Four freshmen this fall are former YYAS students from the 2014 session.

Westphal said there has been a gradual increase of African applicants to Yale for a number of years, but that the partnership between Yale and Higherlife is about more than bringing students to the University.

Ultimately, the program aims to facilitate scholastic and intellectual exchange between continents, regardless of impact on admissions at Yale.

“We want to create that intellectual spark to inspire African high school students to be creative, to think about what each has to offer and to think about how to realize that vision through the American college application process,” said Ted Wittenstein, executive director of YYGS. Wittenstein said many students who have attended YYAS in the past would be eligible for scholarships to attend YYGS on the Yale campus the following summer.

The 2016 YYAS program will be held in Ghana from July 29 to Aug. 4, in Rwanda from Aug. 9 to Aug. 15 and in Zimbabwe from Aug. 20 to Aug. 26.

Contact ANDREA OUYANG at andrea.ouyang@yale.edu .

PAGE 6

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, OCTOBER 27, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT

“Fair and affordable housing is a basic right for all New Yorkers and all Americans.”

NYDIA VELAZQUEZ PUERTO RICAN POLITICIAN

UWC sees a host of procedural changes UWC FROM PAGE 1 received a report of the panel’s findings but then had full power in rendering a final decision without an obligation to meet with the panel again.

Additionally, the respondent and complainant will now receive only the findings and conclusion of the UWC panel with regards to the complaint but not the panel’s original recommendations for disciplinary actions. Information about the final disciplinary actions, if any will be taken, will come only from the decision maker.

Other changes include stricter confidentiality policies, a more streamlined informal complaint process, clarification of the right to bring forward additional allegations during UWC proceedings and clarification of the criteria for selecting a fact-finder. The factfinder is now only required to be “impartial” and to have received the “appropriate expertise and training in investigating allegations of sexual misconduct”; previously, the fact-finder was also required to be independent of the University.

The changes are the result of a thorough review of UWC procedure spearheaded by University Title IX Coordinator and Deputy Provost Stephanie Spangler over the spring and summer. In addition to suggestions from UWC members, deputy Title IX coordinators and the Women Faculty Forum, the review also incorporated student input from an undergraduate survey conducted in January by the Yale College Council and Women’s Center as well as recommendations from a faculty committee appointed in April, according to Salovey’s email.

Salovey noted that when the UWC was first established in July 2011, administrators anticipated that procedures would be updated in a few years as the body accumulated more experience in handling cases of sexual misconduct.

The faculty committee was con-

vened with the express purpose of reviewing UWC procedures and synthesizing the input gathered last spring, Spangler told the News.

“These modifications were intended to enhance clarity, to more accurately reflect UWC practices as they have evolved over the past four years and to align the procedures, where appropriate, with other University processes,” Salovey wrote in the email, adding that the faculty committee concluded its review in September, after which he, in consultation with the University Cabinet, accepted the committee’s recommendations.

Law professor Kate Stith chaired the committee, which included Trumbull College Master Margaret Clark, Dean of Yale College Jonathan Holloway, Women Faculty Forum Chairwoman Paula Kavathas and Deputy Dean of the School of Management Andrew Metrick.

Spangler and Deputy General Counsel Cynthia Carr advised the committee.

According to Stith, the committee met every few weeks over the summer to discuss the existing procedures with colleagues and individual students. The committee examined the results of the joint YCC and Women’s Center report, which highlighted students’ confusion about the informal complaint process, and also compared Yale’s procedures to those at other universities, Stith said.

In his email, Salovey said he asked the faculty committee to focus on three key issues: the confidentiality of UWC proceedings, the decision-making process and the relationship between findings and sanctions. The decision-making process, especially, has come under scrutiny after The New York Times revealed last November that Provost Benjamin Polak had lightened the recommended punishment for former School of Medicine cardiology Chief Michael Simons MED ’84 after Simons was found responsi-

NH projects chosen for state funding HOUSING FROM PAGE 1 DOH is granting New Haven will be directed to the Farnam Courts project. Constituting more than one-third of all DOH funding this round, the awards to New Haven are indicative of the state’s trust in Elm City housing programs, Economic Development Administrator Matthew Nemerson said.

“We were very fortunate because two projects from the city got selected,” Nemerson said. “That is unusual given how tight money is from the state, and how competitive the project is.”

We were very fortunate because two projects from the city got selected. That is unusual given how tight money is from the state and how competitive the project is.

MATTHEW NEMERSON Economic Development Administrator In addition to the DOH grant, the federal government will grant Farnam Courts an additional $12 million in tax credit for housing low-income residents. The project will also receive more than $35 million in non-state funding. The Housing Authority of New Haven, the local arm of federal housing programs, will use the money to build two five-story buildings in Farnam Courts consisting of 94 one- to four-bedroom units.

The development project will cost over $100 million, Nemerson said.

Private developer Navarino Capital Management bought the Dwight Co-Op from Bridgeport developer Garfield Spen-

cer in January 2014. Spencer had accrued at least $1 million in debt on the property. Although the project has changed hands multiple times, none of the developers that handled the Dwight Co-Op completed rehabilitations, Nemerson said.

Yonatan Zamir, an attorney at New Haven Legal Assistance Association, added that development on the Dwight Co-Op had also stalled in the past due to lack of funding. The DOH grant will send a positive message to potential non-state investors about the project, Zamir said.

“The model we really seem to see is the private entity taking on the lion’s share,” Zamir said.

“But, if we could incentivize it with state money and get it to grow, I think that’s a good use of our money.”

Completion of the two projects, which both stand within one mile of the New Haven Green, will undoubtedly improve the look and value of their neighborhoods, said Edward Mattison LAW ’68, a member of the mayor’s City Plan Committee.

The Farnam Courts development, Nemerson added, is a fundamental part of plans to rebuild and revitalize Mill River, an industrial neighborhood between Wooster Square and Fair Haven. Meanwhile, the Dwight Co-Op sits at the intersection of Edgewood Avenue and Dwight Street in a neighborhood home to many affordable housing projects.

“Dwight Gardens on Edgewood near Chapel Street are very important because this is a neighborhood that has absorbed a lot of affordable housing,” Nemerson said. “The city and private developers have been in an effort to rebuild it and make it affordable and a high quality place to live.”

These grants come in the seventh round of CHAMP funding.

Contact JIAHUI HU at jiahui.hu@yale.edu .

ble for sexual harassment.

“I believe that President Salovey asked the committee to focus on those specific issues that had been topics of particular interest and broad discussion in the Yale community,” Spangler said.

Stith agreed with Spangler’s explanation, adding that these issues have surfaced in previous formal complaint cases and thus deserve re-evaluation. Elizabeth Villarreal ’16, one of the authors of the joint YCC and Women’s Center report, said two of the three issues that Salovey highlighted particularly resonated with undergraduates. Survey respondents, who were all undergraduates, were often confused about confidentiality policies, the communication of findings and sanctions and other specifics of the complaint process, Villarreal said.

Asked if and how these changes will impact future UWC proceedings, UWC Chairman David Post told the News that he believes the revisions will not produce major effects.

“As President Salovey mentioned in his letter to the University community, changes in the UWC procedures mostly clarified the procedures and aligned them with existing practices,” Post said.

“Therefore, changes in the procedures will have very little impact on future UWC cases.”

Stith, however, said clarifying the confusion surrounding the UWC procedures was a good idea.

In particular, Stith said students will now have a clearer understanding of the informal complaint process, which will now be handled explicitly by Title IX officers, though members of the UWC will still be available for consultation.

Administrators and students interviewed were optimistic about the progress of the UWC and the University’s handling of sexual misconduct cases over the last four years.

“Yale’s sexual misconduct complaint process is still relatively new, and we’re glad to

SEXUAL MISCONDUCT PROCEDURAL CHANGES OLD

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accepted, modified or rejected by

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discusses with

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COMPLAINANT AND RESPONDENT

COMPLAINANT AND RESPONDENT ELLIE HANDLER AND SAMUEL WANG/PRODUCTION & DESIGN EDITORS

see the University continuing to refine their procedures in response to input from various sources, including student survey results,” Villarreal said. “As the University collects more data, including from last year’s AAU survey for example, we hope that

they will continue to refine their procedures in the future.”

According to the University’s most recent Report of Complaints of Sexual Misconduct, published on Aug. 4, there were seven formal complaints and zero informal complaints filed with the

UWC between Jan. 1 and June 30 of this year. Title IX coordinators and the Yale Police Department received 29 and 20 complaints, respectively.

Contact MONICA WANG at monica.wang@yale.edu .

State pushes medication on Wang TRIAL FROM PAGE 1 fied Monday that administering olanzapine and ziprasidone would help treat a number of Wang’s psychiatric disorders, the Hartford Courant reported.

But Wang’s defense attorney, New Haven Chief Public Defender Thomas Ullmann, contested the state’s argument that forcibly administered medication could restore Lishan Wang to competency.

Ullmann said the state had not sufficiently proved that Wang needs medication for trial. At the end of the hearing, Judge Thomas O’Keefe Jr. extended the case to Nov. 18, giving Wang and his defense attorney 10 days to submit an argument that will oppose medication.

“We oppose the appointment of a health care guardian, and we oppose any courtordered forced medication,” Ullmann told the News in September.

Sicilia also testified that she had met with Wang four times to discuss his medical plan, but Wang resisted conversation, according to the Courant. She added that no record exists of Wang taking medication for mental illness, and that Wang “absolutely does not want medicine,” the Courant reported.

Kate Stith, a criminal law professor at the Yale Law School who is familiar with the case, said O’Keefe is more likely to order involuntary medication of the defendant if the state can prove that it serves a medical need beyond making Wang competent to stand trial.

Stith said though the judge has “a fair amount of discretion” in the decision, O’Keefe would need to take into consideration conditions such as whether Wang poses a danger to himself or others, or if Wang is only rejecting medication in order to delay trial.

During the Monday hearing, Ullmann said that side effects of the antipsychotic medication — such as hypertension and hyperglycemia — could prevent Wang from commu-

nicating with his lawyers and aiding his own defense, the Courant reported.

Wang had defended himself in court until April, when O’Keefe ruled that Wang was unable to stand trial. Subsequently, Wang was no longer allowed to serve as his own defense.

Since then, Wang has repeatedly attempted to regain his right to self-defense, according to court documents.

In a letter to Ullmann in September, Wang said that he intends to fight for his right to defend himself in court.

“This is a serious case and I need to fight for my freedom, life, family and name,” Wang wrote to Ullmann. “It is all about business. Nothing is personal.”

Wang filed requests in September and October for a second medical opinion, declaring that he was not schizophrenic.

He urged the court to exercise caution before accepting “onesided allegations” about him from medical professionals.

During the April hearing this year, Wang cross-examined the experts who had submitted the report that expressed his incompetency.

Wang’s bail is set at $900,000.

Contact MICHELLE LIU at michelle.liu@yale.edu .

SARA SEYMOUR/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Lishan Wang defended himself in court until April 2015.

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, OCTOBER 27, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 7

AROUND THE IVIES

“You will never do anything in this world without courage. It is the greatest quality of the mind next to honor.”

ARISTOTLE GREEK PHILOSOPHER

T H E H A R VA R D C R I M S O N

T H E B R O W N D A I LY H E R A L D

Students to be involved in discipline

Test essay scores optional

because this year is a new departure, and wh o ’s to s ay it isn’t HARVARD time to consider more,” said Dean of Freshmen Thomas Dingman, who sits on the Ad Board. While he has not heard his colleagues discuss such a change, Dingman said, he “wouldn’t be surprised” if others were talking about it.

The concept of including students on college disciplinary bodies beyond cases of academic integrity is not new, according to Laura Bennett, the president of the Association for Student Conduct Administration. With rigorous school-specific training, students can learn to analyze policies and heed confidentiality in a way sometimes better than their faculty counterparts, Bennett said.

“Sometimes the student panelists are some of the better panelists because they understand student culture,” Bennett said.

Michael Ranen, the freshman resident dean for Ivy Yard who sits on the Honor Council, said the committee that created the honor code had discussed whether the policy should cover all aspects of student life, before ultimately deciding to limit its scope to academic integrity.

Nevertheless, while any change to the college’s disci-

BY IVAN LEVINGSTON Harvard administrators rolled out the College’s firstever honor code this fall with the broad goal of spurring a “culture change” and involving students more in campus discussions about integrity, academic and otherwise.

The honor code is brand new, implemented this semester after years of planning and a massive cheating scandal. Along with asking students to sign a statement affirming their awareness of the policy, it created a student-faculty Honor Council to hear and decide cheating cases, involving undergraduates in the disciplinary process for the first time in Harvard’s history. The college’s Administrative Board still handles disciplinary cases outside the classroom.

Administrators, in the midst of overseeing the honor code’s implementation, say they have no current plans to involve students in the college’s broader disciplinary process; Dean of Harvard College Rakesh Khurana said he has not given the possibility of student involvement in deciding non-academic disciplinary cases “any thought.”

S t i l l , a d m i n i s t ra to rs acknowledge that a question that logically follows the honor code’s introduction is whether Harvard will move to expand students’ role in disciplinary procedures later on.

“I can well imagine that it’s a topic that will come up,

plinary processes is up to the Faculty of the Arts and Sciences, Ranen noted that an expansion of the honor code would have precedent.

“It was prudent to begin with an academic honor code,” Ranen said. “Many schools have the honor code cover all aspects of student life. Harvard initially chose to focus only on academics, but it would not be unreasonable down the line for the Faculty to extend the honor code.”

Although many schools have exhibited a trend toward professionalizing disciplinary bodies, institutions with honor codes are generally more amenable to including students in disciplinary proceedings, according to Peter Lake, a professor at Stetson University College of Law who specializes in higher education law.

Lake said the college, with its first honor code coming more than 350 years after its founding, may struggle to institutionalize more student disciplinary bodies, but that an honor council could change the disciplinary landscape.

“It is hard to draw the line once you have students involved in one area of operation,” Lake said.

Jonathan Jeffrey, an undergraduate member of the Honor Council who helped draft the honor code, declined to comment specifically on the possibility of students hearing other disciplinary cases in the future.

Applicants hurrying to polish their early decision applications to Brown by the Nov. 1 deadline are among the last applicants who will be required to submit SAT or ACT essays.

The Office of Admission will no longer require applicants to submit the essay portions of the SAT or ACT, starting in fall 2016 with applicants to the class of 2021, according to its website.

The decision follows the College Board’s announcement that the essay section of the SAT will be optional from March 2016 onwards.

Admission officers believe that they have enough information to make “thoughtful and informed” decisions with the redesigned SAT and the Common Application, said Dean of Admission Jim Miller. “We know that tests are stressful and time consuming, and for some people they can be a significant expense. So we want to make sure we’re doing what is in the best interest of the applicants,” he said.

The SAT currently costs $54.50, while the SAT without essay will cost $43, though SAT fee waivers will cover the entirety of either, according to the College Board website. The ACT, which has always had an optional essay, costs $56.50 with essay and $39.50 without.

Half of the Ivy League universities require scores from the essay portion of either test. Penn, Columbia and Cornell will join Brown in waiving the requirement, while Harvard, Princeton, Yale and Dartmouth will

still require applicants to submit essay scores.

W h i l e the reading and writing BROWN sections of the SAT are “deeply predictive of college success,” the essay is not as useful to many admission officers, the College Board wrote in a statement. The new SAT essay is adjusted to reflect college-style analytical writing. Whereas the old SAT essay portion required students to respond to a prompt, the new essay asks students to compose an analysis of a given passage. Students have 50 minutes — twice as long as they had for the old essay — to work.

Students who submit essay scores will not have an advantage over those who do not, Miller said. Similarly, though the writing section of the ACT is still “strongly recommended” according to the Office of Admission’s website, students will not be disadvantaged if they do not take the ACT with writing, he said.

Student Juanda Tan said though he felt that the writing portion tested his ability to construct a coherent argument, he supports the University’s decision, because these are skills that admission officers can gauge with the Common Application essay and supplemental essays that vary by school. He added that “not every concentration requires argumentation anyway, so someone’s ability to argue shouldn’t necessarily be a

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deciding factor of his or her spot at Brown.”

The change in the testing policy will also “level the socioeconomic playing field” for applicants, said student Divya Santhanam. “Conventional grammar rules aren’t always taught in schools. Someone who has an SAT coach could learn, say, 14 grammar rules, but someone from a low-income background may not be able to afford that kind of training,” she said.

“I did well on the writing section because I had prep books to study from and a family that came from a very well-read background.”

Colleges that choose to make the essay portion optional will also likely see a broadening of their applicant pool because of the lower cost of taking the test, said Steve Goodman, education consultant and admission strategist at Top Colleges. “The goal is to diversify the applicant pool and deepen it, and this is just one step towards that,” he said.

Students usually find the writing portion challenging and will take advantage of the changes made, Goodman said. “This is like the strange uncle or aunt who comes into town for Thanksgiving and then moves away … and then all of a sudden we don’t have to deal with them any more,” he said. “Good riddance.”

But the current testing policy is subject to change. The Admission Office will evaluate the policy every few years based on what the new test reveals and whether or not the new system provides enough information for admission officers to make decisions, Miller said.

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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, OCTOBER 27, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT Food trucks relocate

“Food trucks give creative entrepreneurs the ability to cook with freedom and make what they love.” HOMARO CANTU AMERICAN CHEF AND INVENTOR

Alums weigh in on earnings INCOME FROM PAGE 1

IRENE JIANG/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR

The Ay! Arepa food cart is now located in front of Trumbull College on York Street.

FOOD TRUCKS FROM PAGE 1 had been operating in residential zones, Nemerson said. He added Turcio was then obligated to notify the vendors.

“We didn’t know [of the violations],” Nemerson said. “But then we discovered it, so now we have to enforce the rules.”

More changes in the city’s regulation of food trucks are in the works for the upcoming years. Over the past year, city officials have been in talks about developing a new set of rules for food trucks in response to the growing number of trucks in the city, Nemerson said.

During the process of creating new regulations, food truck owners could possibly petition for rezoning, Nemerson said. But rezoning can be a complicated and arduous process, he added.

In the meantime, vendors are struggling to find new locations for

their trucks.

“So, what are we going to do?”

Chief Brody’s owner Greg Martell said. “As we figure out the best place to go and the best place of action, I don’t really know.”

Ay! Arepa owner Ernesto Garcia said city officials helped the truck find a new, lawful location in front of Gant on York Street.

Martell and the owner of The Cheese Truck are in talks with city officials who will help them determine the most profitable new locations to operate downtown, they said. Martell said city economic development officials are helping several carts locate alternate spaces, but that outcomes remain uncertain for the trucks. City officials have also suggested that his truck may have to wait months before it could reach a resolution with officials over a new downtown location.

Though the vending regulations apply to food carts as well as trucks, Adil Chokairy, who owns and oper-

ates the Crepe Cart on the corner of College and Wall Streets, said he has not been approached by city officials about relocating his cart. The cart opened for usual business hours Monday. Chokairy speculated that because the Crepe Cart received permission to operate on the sidewalk of University property, it may be subject to a different set of guidelines, whereas other carts that operate independently on the streets would fall under the city’s jurisdiction.

“Yale invited us to serve on our location at College and Wall,” Chokairy said.

Yale spokesman Michael Morand declined to comment on whether city zoning rules apply to vendors that are located on University property.

Caseus, The Cheese Truck’s brickand-mortar location, is at 93 Whitney Ave. Contact JIAHUI HU at jiahui.hu@yale.edu .

the income, the higher the satisfaction.

Gallup divided its survey respondents into four income brackets: under $36,000, between $36,000 and $60,000, between $60,000 and $120,000 and more than $120,000.

31 percent of the first bracket strongly agreed that their education was worth the cost, as did 37 percent of the second, 47 percent of the third and 51 percent of the fourth — representing a 20 percent margin.

The survey results for Yale graduates reveal a similar trend. Of respondents earning between $1 and $25,000, 47 percent strongly agreed that their education was worth the cost of tuition.

That number increased to 53 percent for those earning between $25,001 and $50,000, 63 percent for those earning between $50,001 and $75,000, 70 percent for those earning between $75,001 and $100,000 and 73 percent for those earning more than $100,000.

Of the administrators and 18 survey participants interviewed more extensively by the News, the majority said income and satisfaction were at least somewhat related. However, seven of those interviewed disagreed with the association, citing the importance of pursuing one’s passion at Yale and in life — no matter the financial implications.

“I came to Yale because I wanted to learn how to be happy. I didn’t go to Yale because I wanted to be rich,” said Julia Pucci ’13, who strongly agreed her Yale education was worth the cost of tuition.

But Simon Cozzens ’13 — who currently falls in a low income bracket — said that while the importance of income may seem negligible to students, he wishes he had spent more time preparing for a particular career while at Yale.

Though he still strongly agrees that the cost of his tuition was worth it, Cozzens said his current income impacts the way he views the value and purpose of his Yale education.

Annie Barry ’14, whose annual income falls between $75,001 and $100,000, said her relatively high pay is part of why she strongly agrees her Yale education was

worth the cost of tuition. But she added that her income is only part of what feeds her satisfaction, as she also values the title and substance of her work in marketing at Walmart.

Rather than directly relate income to satisfaction with her Yale degree, Marlena Vasquez ’13 said it is the financial security her income brings that matters most. If she were less financially secure, Vasquez said that she would likely feel less satisfied with Yale.

Office of Career Strategy Director Jeanine Dames said there are many factors that influence individual satisfaction among Yale alumni, including financial security.

“Satisfaction is very individualized, so it will be based on the goals of each person,” Dames said “For some students satisfaction may come with finding a career they love, for others it may be the intellectual stimulation of their program at Yale. For some it may be the social networks they formed at Yale and the friends they stay in touch with after graduation.

For still others it may be achieving financial security after graduation.”

With an annual income of over $100,000, Aayush Upadhyay ’14 said while he would relate his current earnings to the worth of his Yale education, his salary is just one of the reasons why he strongly agrees his education was worth the cost of tuition. A Google employee, Upadhyay said the primary reason he feels satisfied with Yale is because he has a job he greatly desired and enjoys.

Zach Graham ’13 said he does not relate income with the value of his Yale degree, adding that graduates should base their satisfaction on their contentment in employment.

“If people pursue a profession they believe will make them happy, then compensation shouldn’t make a difference,” he said.

Future installments in this series will analyze graduate satisfaction by gender, Yale College major and level of financial aid.

Contact DAVID SHIMER at david.shimer@yale.edu .

Interested in illustrating for the Yale Daily News?

CONTACT ASHLYN OAKES AT ashlyn.oakes@yale.edu

Christopher Buckley, Samantha Power, Marie Colvin...

Join the Mag at ydnmag@gmail.com

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, OCTOBER 27, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 9

BULLETIN BOARD

TODAY’S FORECAST Sunny, with a high near 58. Calm wind becoming east around 6 mph in the afternoon.

TOMORROW High of 62, low of 60.

A WITCH NAMED KOKO #13 BY CHARLES BRUBAKER

ON CAMPUS TUESDAY, OCTOBER 27 4:00 PM A Conversation with Ido Aharoni, Consul General of Israel in New York. Across the world we see the rise of a new consumer, an information user who engages with content very differently from the past. The information revolution requires a new approach to both company and country branding. In his lecture, Ido Aharoni will discuss the implications of the “infosumer” on Israeli diplomacy and marketing of the country.

Edward P. Evans Hall (165 Whitney Ave.), Rm. 4410.

4:30 PM Global Justice Program Work-in-Progress Workshop. The Global Justice Program workshop provides a forum for presenting work-in-progress on international and domestic issues resonating across many countries. The workshop combines normative and empirical inquiries into a wide range of topics including social justice and labor rights, global financial markets, illicit trade, migration and rule of law. 230 Prospect (230 Prospect St.), Seminar Rm. 7:00 PM Choctaw Lessons. Want to learn Choctaw? Come to the Native American Cultural Center. No knowledge of Choctaw necessary, all Yale students welcome! Choctaw is offered through the Native American Language Project, an exciting new initiative at Yale, and a joint collaboration of the Native American Cultural Center, the Institute for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage and the Center for Language Study. Native American Cultural Center (26 High St.).

WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 28 4:00 PM The Canadian Election: Why the Liberals Won. The Canadian Studies Committee and The Whitney and Betty MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale present a panel discussion featuring Richard Albert, visiting associate professor of political science and visiting associate professor of law; David Cameron, professor of political science; and Ben Cashore, professor of forestry & environmental studies and professor of political science. Luce Hall (34 Hillhouse Ave.), Rm. 203.

To reach us: E-mail editor@yaledailynews.com Advertisements 2-2424 (before 5 p.m.)

2-2400 (after 5 p.m.)

Mailing address Yale Daily News P.O. Box 209007 New Haven, CT 06520

Questions or comments about the fairness or accuracy of stories should be directed to Editor in Chief Stephanie Addenbrooke at (203) 432-2418.

Bulletin Board is a free service provided to groups of the Yale community for events. Listings should be submitted online at yaledailynews.com/events/ submit. The Yale Daily News reserves the right to edit listings.

To visit us in person 202 York St. New Haven, Conn. (Opposite JE) FOR RELEASE OCTOBER 27, 2015

Los Angeles Times Daily Crossword Puzzle

CLASSIFIEDS

CROSSWORD Edited by Rich Norris and Joyce Lewis ACROSS 1 “The Affair” network, briefly 4 Feel the pain 8 Connect (with) 14 “How’s that again?”

15 The season to be jolly 16 Sprain application 17 Lois Lane portrayer in “Man of Steel” 19 Accruing very little interest?

20 Put one over on 21 Earliest recorded Chinese ruling group 23 Ranking card suit 25 Sunrise direction 26 Tavern brew 28 Pantyhose shade 29 Heavenly balls 33 Kevlar-lined vest, e.g.

37 Pet’s reward 38 Blood typing letters 39 Holy threesome 41 Multi-platinum 44Across album pronounced like a continent 42 Abrasive 44 “Reelin’ in the Years” rock group 46 Frat party barrels 47 Shine, in ads 48 Opposite of paleo49 Arboretum sight 51 Big name in cubes 55 High-definition medium 61 Melt fish 62 Spring tweeters 63 What a nine-tofiver works ... or, literally, what each set of circled letters represents 65 Get payback 66 “I hear you” 67 See 32-Down 68 Corporate consolidation 69 Give for a while 70 Make an effort DOWN 1 Mining tunnel 2 Funny business

10/27/15

By David Phillips

3 “What a joker!”

4 “Then what happened?”

5 Sweet-talk 6 Prefix with sphere 7 “Frozen” princess 8 Tripoli native 9 Clickable pictures 10 Lawn maintenance tool 11 Nile wader 12 Director Gus Van __ 13 Like French toast 18 “The American Look” cosmetics brand 22 Luv 24 “The Bell Jar” author Sylvia 27 Make a boo-boo 28 Pinto-riding sidekick 30 Enjoy a book 31 Tijuana’s peninsula 32 With 67-Across, co-creator of Spider-Man 33 Announce a visitor, dog-style 34 Bassoon kin 35 Magician Henning

Monday’s Puzzle Solved

SUDOKU WALKING UP EAST ROCK

8 4 ©2015 Tribune Content Agency, LLC

36 Sent on a wildgoose chase 37 Polk’s predecessor 40 Rightmost bowling pin 43 Stripper’s bottom line?

45 Kid 47 Old Faithful, e.g.

50 Cooking stove 52 Constructed 53 Figure out

10/27/15

54 “Sons of Anarchy” actress Sagal 55 Novelist Stoker 56 Romcom subject 57 Over, in Germany 58 Celeb with a big fan base 59 “Oh, for Pete’s __!”

60 Color similar to teal 64 Guitarist Barrett

2 9

4 7 1 9 6 3 3 9 1 6 1 8 6 9 3 9 5 1 3 8 7 6 5 8 2 3 8 5 7 5 8 1

THURSDAY High of 69, low of 44.

PAGE 10

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, OCTOBER 27, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

SPORTS A season on the line BRONSDON FROM PAGE 14 yards came, it felt like an empty 318 yards. It was a yardage total overshadowed by two interceptions in the end zone and four total turnovers. This game marked the return of top targets Robert Clemons III ’17 and Bo Hines ’18, though Hines left the game in the third quarter with an undisclosed injury. This was supposed to be Roberts’ announcement to the Ivy League that the real Morgan Roberts was back, and that he was taking no prisoners.

Instead, it was another puzzling data point in a season full of them.

It’s fair to wonder whether that Roberts will be seen again, with just four games left in his Yale career. Given how shaky Roberts was in his first start back in 2013 — a dreary 28–17 loss, also to the Quakers, in which he was 20–34 for just 193 yards and a pair of interceptions — and given how much talent was on last year’s roster, perhaps much of his success was due to stars like Varga, Wallace and Randall.

Yes, injuries have taken their toll on Yale’s team. After Hines, Clemons and fellow wideout Myles Gaines ’17 left with injuries earlier this year, the mantra around the team seemed to be “wait and see.” But now that Gaines remains out and Hines, along with tight end Sebastian Little ’17, suffered injuries in Friday’s game, waiting for reinforcements isn’t going to work. At this point, it’s going to be Roberts’ job to right the ship.

Now, Morgan, I’m far from a quarterback expert. I never played organized football, and outside of covering your Bulldogs in

2013, my strongest claim to gridiron knowledge might be my three fantasy football championships.

So maybe take this advice with a grain of salt.

This is your team. You’re a senior leader, the veteran starter behind an offensive line that has also suffered its fair share of injuries this season. Frankly, you’re one of the few constants left. You imprinted your name all over the Yale record books last year. You’re in charge of a high-octane offense, and the figurative keys to head coach Tony Reno’s Ferrari are in your hands.

By the end of Friday’s action, it almost seemed like you lacked confidence, zipping short passes wide of receivers and waiting far too long on your third interception of the night. Having the yips is bad for any quarterback, but in an offense that relies on quick passes and timing, as well as strong connections between the signal caller and his receivers, it is especially backbreaking.

There’s a reason you’ve got a chance at breaking all these records, and there’s a reason that Reno flatly and firmly denied ever considering a quarterback switch after Friday’s game. This Saturday is a perfect chance to get that confidence back against perennial doormat Columbia.

I believe that you can turn this around. Your team believes you can do it. We’ve all seen you do it, just one year ago.

But that was a year ago, and you only have one month left to make Team 143 the one we never forget.

GRANT BRONSDON is a senior in Ezra Stiles College and a former Sports Editor for the News. Contact him at grant.bronsdon@yale.edu .

“If the Mets can win the World Series, the United States can get out of Vietnam.”

TOM SEAVER METS ICON

Ivy Heptagonals up next XC FROM PAGE 14 Next was Grace Brittan ’16, who crossed the line in 23rd, just 6.5 seconds behind Healy with a time that placed all six varsity runners in the top quarter of the field. However, Brittan’s result did not count toward Yale’s team score, as only the top five finishers earn team points.

“Our strategy was to get off the starting line fast and hard,” Glass said. “As a team we successfully accomplished this and were able to establish our position in the front of the pack. From that point forward we worked together as a team to maintain positions until the very end.”

Proving the depth of the squad, Yale also had five runners in a separate sub-varsity race, all of whom finished among the top 21 finishers in the 51-person field. This included a third-place finish from Emma Lower ’19, who posted a time of 10:47.8, not far off the varsity pace. That result would have placed the freshman 28th in the varsity competition.

On the men’s side, a fifthplace finish capped the regular season on a high note as well.

The Bulldogs were led by Zach Capello ’19, who ran the 5k in a quick 15:14.9, less than 10 seconds off the winner’s pace.

Capello was followed closely by another young Eli talent as Ryan Brady ’18 crossed the line 13 seconds behind his teammate.

The next set of Bulldogs finished in quick succession, with four places and less than five seconds separating Matt Chisholm ’18, Max Payson ’16, and Thomas Gmür ’18 to round out Yale’s scorers.

Central Connecticut took first place on its home course with 52 points, followed by Providence and Monmouth.

But Yale, who finished with 120 points, did defeat local rival Quinnipiac by a margin of 57 points.

Many of the athletes who competed on Saturday are members of both the cross country and track programs, and meets like the CCSU mini meet grant these runners a chance to train in a competitive atmosphere for both seasons.

“This meet is [an] opportunity for our middle-distance runners to break down the monotony of the autumnal base training,” Gmür said. “By pinning a bib on our chest, we are getting a hint of the competitive adrenaline rush we miss from our track season while putting in a solid effort on an upper-distance [course], which perfectly fits in our current training regimen.”

Although the event marked the close of regular competition and the season in general for many runners on the team, the top competitors who rested this weekend after racing in Pre-Nationals on Oct. 17 will continue on to the championship portion of the season.

Next up for both the men and women are the Ivy League Heptagonal Championships on Friday. “[The CCSU mini meet] is important because the effort and determination that everyone brought to the course truly sets the stage for the team’s next race, the Ivy League Championships,” Healy said.

“Culminating from all of the impressive races this season, the team is in a very exciting place to improve off of last

Concussion takes out Varga VARGA FROM PAGE 14 “The last few weeks have been a little foggy. I’ve been dizzy, I’ve had headaches and I’ve had trouble sleeping, the usual concussion symptoms,” Varga told his hometown paper in Ontario, the Record, on Oct. 19. “The past three or four days have been much better though, and I expect to be cleared soon, but that’s irrelevant now because I can’t come back.”

As ongoing research about the long-term effects of head injuries on NFL veterans has revealed worrisome findings, the league’s concussion protocol has become much stricter in the past few seasons. Today, that protocol is a three-step process that ultimately requires players to earn clearance

from independent medical consultants before returning to action.

Joe Linta ’83, Varga’s agent, said the Colts’ roster move was not indicative of the severity of Varga’s concussion but was rather a protective measure.

However, the move also provides a strategic benefit for the Colts.

The Colts’ decision to place Varga, last season’s Ivy League Offensive Player of the Year, on injured reserve opens up a spot on the 53-man roster for a healthy member. Indianapolis has since announced the signing of running back Ahmad Bradshaw, a two-time Super Bowl champion with the New York Giants who played for Indianapolis in 2013 and 2014 before breaking his leg in Week 6 of last year.

Varga signed a three-year rookie

free-agent contract with the Colts last May. Although he is scheduled to earn a base salary of $352,411 this year, Varga could potentially earn less if his rookie deal is a split contract. The particulars of the tailback’s contract have not been made publicly available.

While he recovers, Varga told the Record, he will move back to Kitchener, Ontario.

“So I think I’ll probably move back home and save some money on rent,” he told the Record. “It will be nice to spend some time with my family because I haven’t been able to do that in a long time.”

Contact MAYA SWEEDLER at maya.sweedler@yale.edu .

JOEY YE/ CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Varga missed six games in his first two seasons at Yale but suited up in all 10 contests last year.

ANNA-SOPHIE HARLING/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Rachel Jones ’17, who doubles as a distance runner for the track and field team, finished 21st. year’s efforts and definitely finish strong among the Ivy League teams.”

In last year’s iteration of the Heptagonal Championship, the men finished in fifth while the women earned a sixth-

place result. The premiere Ivy event of the season will be run in Van Cortlandt Park in New York.

Contact HOPE ALLCHIN at hope.allchin@yale.edu .

Less wind, less sailing SAILING FROM PAGE 14 captain and crew Charlotte Belling ’16, posted consistent results across the B division’s five races, never finishing lower than seventh. In the last race at the Brownhosted event, however, MIT’s B boat finished one spot ahead of Baird and Belling, giving the Engineers an overall one-point margin of victory over the Bulldogs at the Edgewood Yacht Club. “[Sunday] was a particularly light and shifty day, which simulates the type of conditions you’d get in places like the Charles River,” Belling said. “So I wasn’t overly surprised that MIT ended up on top.”

Another coed group faced the challenge of competing in a condensed regatta at the Roger Williams’ Southern Series 7.

Conditions on Saturday forced the oneday regatta to be shortened significantly.

As just nine schools participated in the regatta, the decision was made to score all 18 boats as one fleet.

Skipper Claire Huebner ’18 and crew Claire Rossi de Leon ’19 finished in third, while skipper Charles Skoda ’17, along with crew Ayla Besemer ’19, placed 12th.

Together, their scores combined to give Yale a third-place overall finish in Bristol, Rhode Island, behind winner Tufts and runner-up Roger Williams.

At the same time that races were being nixed in Rhode Island, entire days of sailing were called off for the Bulldogs in Massachusetts. Whereas the Elis who sailed at MIT’s Oberg Trophy in 2014 competed in 51 races over two days, the coed group that made the trek to Cambridge this year participated in just 21 — seven in each division, all on Sunday.

Dobronyi travelled north from Providence, joining skipper Malcolm Lamphere ’18 in Yale’s A boat on the Charles. Boosted by six top-10 finishes, the pair captured seventh in its division.

Not to be outdone, the Bulldogs’ allfreshman Oberg B boat bested its A-division counterpart. Skipper Nick Hernandez ’19 and crew Kira Woods ’19 placed fifth in the B division and would have finished higher if not for a disqualification in the pair’s final race of the event.

“It was our first weekend sailing together, and as both of us are freshmen, we were one of the youngest boats out on the water amongst a competitive fleet,” Woods said. “We were sailing two types of boats that we were unfamiliar with, so the fact that we managed to figure them out while racing was nice.”

Skoda, who also came up for the event from Rhode Island, raced alongside crew Caroline Colwell ’18 in his first event on

the notoriously unpredictable Charles.

The duo’s 14th-place finish in the C division sealed Yale’s top-10 overall result in the event, which was won by the hosting Engineers.

The women’s team also had to overcome one of those lost days at Harvard’s Mrs. Hurst Bowl, where Saturday’s races were ultimately scrapped after being postponed until the early afternoon. Skipper Marly Isler ’16 noted the challenges that the atypical circumstances presented for the Elis, particularly as they related to the regatta’s location.

“At a place like the Charles, [losing a day] makes it a little tough mentally to go into the second day,” Isler said. “[It’s] a venue that’s really shifty … It makes it a lot tougher when you only have a few races, because then you have to really, really work hard to stay up in the front pack for those.”

The Elis found mixed results in the 17-school event, which was won handily by Coast Guard for the second year in a row — so handily, in fact, that the Bears’ 31-point lead in the final standings over second-place Tufts was larger than Tufts’ margin over eighth-place Yale.

The Bulldogs’ A boat of skipper Casey Klingler ’18 and crew Isabelle Rossi de Leon ’17 finished eighth in its division. The pair finished the event on a strong note, finishing in the top half in four out of its final five races after accomplishing that task only twice in its first pentad. Isler and crew Natalya Doris ’17, in an up-and-down regatta highlighted by a victory in the division’s seventh race, placed seventh in the B division.

Both skippers will get another crack at the Charles, as a similar quartet will return to Cambridge to compete in this weekend’s Victorian Coffee Urn. The Urn acts as the qualifier for the Women’s Atlantic Coast Championships, which will be hosted by St. Mary’s College of Maryland in November.

“We kind of looked at [the Hurst Bowl] as practice for next weekend,” Isler said.

“So hopefully we can take a lot of the things we learned into consideration for that.”

Meanwhile, the members of the coed team will be battling in MIT’s Erwin Schell trophy for a berth in their own Atlantic Coast Championships. Some of the team’s freshmen will join them in Massachusetts, where they will compete for the Freshman Championship Regatta, hosted by Tufts at Mystic Lake. Another coed group will stay in state to take part in the Dave Perry Trophy, which will be hosted by Coast Guard.

Contact DAVID WELLER at david.weller@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, OCTOBER 27, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 11

the chubb fellowship · timothy dwight college · yale university

susan rice

united states national security advisor

PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION

Tuesday, October 27, 2015 · 4:00 PM Yale Law School, 127 Wall Street Levinson Auditorium Doors open for seating at 3:40 PM

Admission is free and open to the Yale Community and the General Public. No tickets are required.

For questions, please email chubb.fellowship@yale.edu or call 203.464.2755.

PAGE 12

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, OCTOBER 27, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Drinking habits linked to perceived attractiveness

BY VEENA MCCOOLE CONTRIBUTING REPORTER A new study shows that people perceive social drinkers and recovering alcoholics as more attractive than heavy drinkers and individuals who abstain from alcohol.

Researchers from Brown, Yale and the University of Houston examined the relationship between participants’ drinking habits and their ratings of attractiveness of other “drinker types”. In the study — which will be published in February 2016 in the Journal of Addictive Behaviors — researchers found that social drinkers were rated significantly more appealing than other types of drinkers, including heavy drinkers, recovering alcoholics and abstainers. The study also found that, in the context of drinking, women tended to rate men more negatively than men rated women, especially in terms of intelligence, with women often classifying heavy drinkers as less intelligent.

“I was interested in how we think about different types of drinkers — how drinkers are perceived,” said Chelsie Young, first author of the study and a graduate student at the University of Houston.

Five-hundred ninety-four undergraduate students viewed images of 25 faces that were arbitrarily matched with drinking information and were asked to rate each face’s appeal based on four categories: intelligence, likability, desire to meet the person and attractiveness.

Heavy drinkers were more likely to rate other heavy drinkers as more appealing overall. Young attributes this to the fact that people prefer those who are similar to them, meaning that people who have similar drinking habits will find one another more attractive.

“Consciously or not, you rate [people as] more appealing because they’re more similar to you,” she said.

This finding uncovers a potential danger in the mutual appeal between heavy drinkers, which, as the article states, “could reinforce problematic drinking.”

Researchers defined the boundary between social and heavy drinking according to guidelines from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.

LAURIE WANG/STAFF ILLUSTRATOR

Heavy drinking constitutes drinking more than seven drinks per week for women and more than 14 drinks per week for men, according to the NIAAA. Recovering alcoholics were viewed more favorably than abstainers, which the researchers found especially surprising. For the purpose of the experiment, a recovering alcoholic was defined as someone who abstained from alcohol after a past of heavy drinking.

“We think that maybe people thought more highly of that person who recognized they had a problem and were doing something to change it,” Young said. “That

might have given people a more positive view of recovering alcoholics than if we hadn’t included the part about abstaining.”

The recovering alcoholic drinker type was suggested to Young by a friend who was recovering from alcoholism and wanted to find out about the social perceptions of people like him. Young said she realized that drinker prototype literature didn’t contain information about perceptions of recovering alcoholics and thus decided to incorporate it into this study.

Young added that current research literature contains conflicting perceptions of abstainers.

“Some people see them as very responsible,” Young said. “But other research suggests people think they’re stuck up and are different to people who drink.”

Young said that her team hopes to investigate perceptions of motivations to consume alcohol in further studies because of this discrepancy in opinions toward abstainers.

According to Young, habits can be difficult to break after college because, by then, they may form part of one’s identity.

But Bev John, head of research at the University of South Wales School of Psychology, expressed her reservations about the demo-

graphics of the study. She noted that the study included a population of drinkers who consumed levels of alcohol below the national average.

“This could clearly impact on perceptions of what constitutes a ‘heavy drinker’ or ‘recovering alcoholic,’” she said.

Young said that she may conduct replications of the study on the East Coast or in universities with a heavier drinking culture.

John also mentioned the crosscultural invalidity of a study conducted in a country with a higher legal drinking age than the majority of the rest of the world.

Rebecca Persson ’19, among

other undergraduates interviewed, was surprised that recovering alcoholics were rated higher than abstainers. She said that she expected abstainers to have higher perceived appeal than recovering alcoholics. But John said she questions whether the undergraduate students sampled would even categorize their peers as authentically “recovering alcoholics” at this age.

According to Yale’s Alcohol and Other Drugs Harm Reduction Initiative, 15 percent of undergraduates reported abstaining from drinking.

Contact VEENA MCCOOLE at veena.mccoole@yale.edu .

Depression during pregnancy affects postpartum interactions

BY GRACE CASTILLO STAFF REPORTER Depression during pregnancy may affect how women interact and bond with their infants, according to new research from the Yale Child Study Center.

While previous studies examined the ways in which depressed women respond to infant faces and cries after they have reached the postpartum period, the Yale researchers observed women between 34 and 38 weeks of pregnancy as they looked at different photos of babies and heard cries at different distress levels.

Women who scored higher on depression scales had a reduced response to photos of distressed babies as compared to women who did not have a high depression score, according to the study.

“These findings suggest that in community samples of pregnant women, there is significant variation in depression symptoms that may be influencing the emerging neural correlates of sensitivity to infant distress.

Understanding how this relationship continues during pregnancy and postpartum may have important implications for caregiving,” said coauthors Helena Rutherford and Linda C. Mayes in a Saturday email to the News.

The researchers recruited 36 women who were between 34 and 38 weeks pregnant and measured their depressive symptoms using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Using electroencephalograms, a brain imaging technique, they measured women’s responses to different stimuli — a series of happy, distressed and neutral baby faces and recordings of cries. Women who scored higher on the depression scales showed lessened

responses to distressed baby faces but not to happy or neutral faces. There was no relationship between depressive symptoms and response to the cries.

The study demonstrated that an increase in depressive symptoms during pregnancy could affect how these women process infant faces. This could potentially be detrimental to the caregiving process after birth, according to Rutherford and Mayes.

The researchers elected to use EEG, which is safe to use during pregnancy. Researchers used the P300, a wave that reflects intensity of neural response, to measure women’s responses during the study. “[The P300] is thought to reflect how much attention we pay toward different sensory inputs,” Rutherford explained.

“If an image is more emotional or engaging, the P300 [wave] is typically larger in size — reflecting that we are paying more attention toward it.”

Rutherford and Mayes said follow-up research to the study could go in three main directions. First, they stressed the importance of replicating and extending these findings in other samples of pregnant women, hopefully also assessing responses to adult facial expressions in addition to infant faces.

This would allow researchers to better understand whether the results in this study hold true for all faces, or if the effect only applies to infant faces. Second, future research could examine the association between depression and the P300 reaction to infant faces in the postpartum period, potentially comparing that new data to P300 responses elicited during pregnancy, Rutherford said. Lastly, future work could look at how depression may be associated with caregiv-

ANNELISA STEINBACH/SENIOR ILLUSTRATOR

ing behavior, according to the researchers.

According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, clinical depression can be debilitating at any point in life, but poses special challenges

for expectant and new mothers. Rutherford and Mayes noted that, in women who are about to or have just given birth, depression is treated in a number of different ways. These include pharmaceutical medicine, cogni-

tive-behavioral therapy or forms of psychotherapy. However, they stressed that their specific concern in conducting studies is the extent to which depression remains undiagnosed during pregnancy and postpartum.

According to a national survey from the CDC, roughly 8 percent of pregnant women experienced major depression in the last year.

Contact GRACE CASTILLO at grace.castillo@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, OCTOBER 27, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 13

“I believe alien life is quite common in the universe, although intelligent life is less so. Some say it has yet to appear on planet Earth.”

STEPHEN HAWKING THEORETICAL PHYSICIST

Yale researchers seek explananation for abnormal star light

BY AMY CHENG CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Invisible to the naked eye, light peculiarities emanating from a distant star — KIC 8462852 — grabbed the attention of amateur and professional astronomers alike when they viewed the

abnormalities through NASA telescopes four years ago. The abnormal phenomenon and its possible causes have recently been thrust into the spotlight once again due to a new Yale study determining that the phenomenon was most likely caused by a swarm of comet fragments.

Over 1,400 light years away from the Earth, KIC 8462852 has exhibited extreme fluctuation in its light output over the past four years. Amateur astronomers from a citizen science project called Planet Hunters first spotted this anomaly while combing through public data collected by the

NASA Kepler spacecraft. Planet Hunters was established in 2010 with the help of Debra Fischer, an extrasolar planet hunter and astronomy professor at Yale. KIC 8462852’s light curve — a graph showing light intensity over time from a celestial object — first became a subject of interest in the

YANNA LEE/CONTRIBUTING ILLUSTRATOR

planet hunter community four years ago when the group noticed the star had dimmed by almost 15 percent. Two years ago, the star took its biggest dip in light emanation by more than 20 percent.

Changes in a star’s light output can indicate that another planet or object is passing in front of it.

Tabetha Boyajian, a Yale postdoctoral fellow, along with a team of scientists from several institutions that included Fischer analyzed the bizarre decrease in light output from KIC 8462852.

Titled “Where’s the Flux”, or “WTF” for short, the research paper closely scrutinized the possibility of instrumental or data error on NASA’s part, intrinsic variability — an internal cause for the star’s dimming — or extrinsic variability and interference of “dust clumps” with the star. Boyajian’s team discredited all these theories except the one hypothesizing that dust clumps blocked the star’s light.

The paper concluded that the anomalous light curve was most likely caused by “the break-up of a exocomet.” The theory of comet fragments bypasses many constraints on the type of objects, including size and orbital distance, that might have caused the light curve.

“The comet scenario was our best [explanation],” Boyajian said. “But it was our best guess.

We definitely need more data to be able to say what it is exactly.”

But Fischer said this answer was not satisfying, arguing that a swarm of comets would not have led to the steep dip observed.

Researchers said they initially encountered hardship when they were not able to come up with a ready explanation for the anomaly.

Fischer said the team sat on the result for two years. She added that even after reaching out to other experts in the field, they all “came up empty-handed.”

“Unlike any of the other 155,000 stars in the Kepler field, there is nothing like [KIC 8462852]. So that means we had to think outside the box a bit,” Fischer said.

One expert the team contacted was Saul Rappaport, physics professor emeritus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

There was “considerable headscratching,” but Rappaport said he considers solving mysteries like these the impetus for scientific development.

Boyajian and her team also called for future observations to specify the nature of the planet.

“I think that ground-based monitoring with optical telescopes is a good method for finding the next major dipping event in this star,” Rappaport said.

“Once such an event is found, various other larger telescopes covering a wider range of wavelengths, and possibly spectroscopy, can be brought to bear on the object.”

A few months ago, the team submitted a proposal to monitor the star with the Allen Telescope owned by the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute, according to Boyajian. Now all the team needs now to complete further research is for KIC 8462852 to dip again, she added.

The paper received national media attention when outside researchers interpreted the data as possible evidence for alien megastructures, but Rappaport said in a paper that this theory is “akin to the ancients invoking a deity to explain each part of nature that they couldn’t fathom.”

KIC 8462852 is located between the Cygnus and Lyra constellations above the Milky Way. Contact AMY CHENG at xiaomeng.cheng@yale.edu .

Anxiety symptoms correlate to high academic motivation

BY ANDREA OUYANG CONTRIBUTING REPORTER

CATHERINE BUI/CONTRIBUTING ILLUSTRATOR

Being anxious may be beneficial to academic motivation, according to a new study coauthored by Yale researchers.

The study, which will be published in the Journal of Adolescence in December, found that anxiety symptoms were positively correlated with higher academic motivation, whereas symptoms of depression showed no correlation.

The study analyzed data from the Social and Health Assessment, a standard survey that assesses risk and protective factors for adolescent adjustment in the United States by asking adolescents about their attitudes toward school, family and emotional and behavioral problems. The data, analyzed through multiple linear regressions, predominantly came from 13- to 15-year-old New Haven youths from economically disadvantaged backgrounds. Additionally, higher levels of teacher support, parent support and attachment to school were all positively correlated to high levels of academic motivation, even in the presence of depressive or anxiety symptoms.

The researchers spent a year looking at the effects of anxiety and depression symptoms on 643 students’ academic motivation over time. The study had two time points used for analysis, beginning in 2003 and ending in 2004. The study focused on academic motivation rather than academic performance, so students’ grades were not taken into account. Academic motivation was measured by students’ positive or negative attitudes toward learning and school.

Symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured by student self-reported responses to questions such as “I worry about other people liking me” or “I felt I could not shake off my sad feelings even with help from my family or friends.” “[That] the general measure of anxiety is positively associated with academic motivation over time is new,” said Chris Henrich, professor of psychology at Georgia State University and an author of the study. Henrich noted that the longitudinal

nature of the study was one of its more novel aspects.

But the study’s findings, though new, may seem intuitive.

“It is well established in the literature that anxiety and depression are pretty well correlated,” said Eli Feldman ’16, a board member of the Coalition for Mental Health and Wellbeing at Yale, an undergraduate organization that facilitates collaboration and communication among student groups working on mental health issues.

Feldman added that while the population studied was primarily adolescents from an urban, economically disadvantaged background, he could see clinical anxiety and depression possibly having opposite effects on motivation, with anxiety acting as a discouraging force. He noted, for example, that some level of anxiety is necessary for everyday function though high levels could be problematic.

“If you have no anxiety about the future or your job, you won’t work hard on the application, and you won’t get the job,” Feldman said.

While the study focused primarily on non-clinical anxiety and depressive symptoms, anxiety on a larger scale may have opposite effects, said Eli Lebowitz, a professor at the Yale Child Study Center who specializes in anxiety disorders. He added that anxiety on a clinical scale may hinder students, particularly those who are collegeage, from even attending school, particularly schools that require on-campus residence.

“There are many stressors that college students deal with,” said Lebowitz, who works with anxiety-driven young adults and their families.

Lebowitz cited academic demands, social demands, distance from family and competitive environment as several of the factors that cause stress and anxiety in college-age students.

According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive and unrealistic worry about everyday tasks or events, or may be specific to certain objects or rituals.

Contact ANDREA OUYANG at andrea.ouyang@yale.edu .

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MICHELLE ALOZIE ’19 IVY LEAGUE HONOR ROLL After scoring the Yale women’s soccer team’s lone goal this past weekend — her sixth goal of the season — Alozie was named to the Ivy League Honor Roll on Monday. The freshman also tallied eight shots in the Elis’ loss to Central Connecticut last Monday.

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CAMERON RIACH ’19 ALSO IVY LEAGUE HONOR ROLL Not to be outdone, Riach brought the same honor home to the Yale men’s soccer team. The Weston, Connecticut native tallied his first career goal at Penn on Saturday, when the Bulldogs tied the Quakers 1–1.

“I think this really attests to the progress that our team has seen over the course of this season.”

SARAH HEALY ’18 WOMEN’S CROSS COUNTRY YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, OCTOBER 27, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

Varga ’15 placed on NFL injured reserve FOOTBALL

The real Morgan Roberts

JOEY YE/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Varga, the 2014 Ivy League Offensive Player of the Year, played in three games for the Colts and tallied 171 all-purpose yards.

BY MAYA SWEEDLER STAFF REPORTER After sustaining a concussion in the Indianapolis Colts’ Week 3 comeback win over the Tennessee Titans on Sept. 27, former Yale running back Tyler Varga ’15 was placed on injured reserve on Oct. 14, ending the tailback’s rookie season.

Although he will not play again this year, Varga’s agent Joe Linta ’83 said his client — Yale’s only former player presently signed to an NFL contract — will remain with the Colts’ organization and that the injury will not endanger

GRANT BRONSDON

his status with the team. During the three regular-season games he played in Indianapolis, Varga racked up 151 yards on six kickoff returns, as well as 20 total yards on one carry and one reception. “[The Colts] made a point of calling me several times and saying we really like him and he’s a part of our program and we want to keep him for the long term,” Linta said. “Everybody has to earn their spot every day, but he’s not a fringe player. They really like him and if he’s healthy and doing everything he’s supposed to, I’m sure he will be on the team next year.”

According to longtime Yale

running backs coach Larry Ciotti, Varga’s injury occurred on the last play of the game against Tennessee.

Down by two points with less than two minutes to go, the Titans attempted an onside kick, and the 225-pound Varga was lined up opposite a 260-pound tight end.

Tasked with blocking the Tennessee player, Ciotti said, Varga led with his shoulder but still received a blow to the head.

“Kickoffs and onside kicks are probably the most dangerous plays in football,” Yale head coach Tony Reno said. “Some teams set up the wall so it’s just like ‘Gladiator’. One

SEE VARGA PAGE 10

at Harvard, the year that Yale wins the Ivy League title by thrashing our Cantab counterparts to conclude a perfect 10–0 season.

Roberts wasn’t as stellar in week three against Lehigh, but I chalked that up to Deshawn Salter ’18 running for 233 yards, the second-most by any sophomore in school history.

A week later, though, Dartmouth proved to be the undoing of a perfect start for the third straight year. Roberts completed just 50 percent of his passes, averaged just 3.9 yards per attempt and threw three interceptions. It was a far cry from the types of performances the Clemson transfer had spoiled us with a year ago, but the Yale fan in me hoped it was just a hiccup, in part due to a debilitating number of injuries, and that he’d be back to his all-Ivy self soon enough.

And then came last Friday night.

Sure, he finished with 318 yards. But given the loss and where on the field those SEE BRONSDON PAGE 10

Elis push through slow breezes

Women notch first-place finish

BY DAVID WELLER CONTRIBUTING REPORTER With their fall seasons approaching the finish line, the Yale sailing teams took to the seas in four regattas across New England this past weekend.

BY HOPE ALLCHIN STAFF REPORTER

SAILING

In their regular season finale, the Yale men’s and women’s cross country teams impressed with one of their best finishes of the year at the Central Connecticut State University mini meet.

Members of the coed squad turned in two top-five finishes in Rhode Island, while a third coed group and sailors from the women’s team finished 10th and eighth, respectively, in events held on the Charles River in Massachusetts. While Yale met particularly tricky conditions such as heavy winds and even snow during the pre-

CROSS COUNTRY The highlight of the weekend was a first-place finish for the women’s team in a field of 17, marking the first victory for either team this year. The men’s team also saw a successful finish, placing fifth out of 15 teams from across the northeast region.

“Overall, our team had a very impressive performance, with most if not all of the racers significantly improving their times from this meet last year,” Sarah Healy ’18 said. “I think this really attests to the progress that our team has seen over the course of this season and even [how we are] building off of last season.”

Five members of the women’s team crossed the finish line in the top 20 overall in a field of more than 100 runners. The Bulldogs’ top five finishers were separated by just 16 seconds, combining to earn the team’s total of 50 points, a mere point ahead of second-place finisher Monmouth.

Melissa Fairchild ’18 was the first Eli to complete the 3k in a time of just 10:21.5, a personal record that put her fourth overall.

She was followed closely behind by a pair of Bulldogs, Emily Barnes ’17 and Sami Glass ’18, who finished within 1.3 seconds of each other to earn seventh and eighth

side rushes the other. It’s a dangerous play.”

Ciotti said that Varga felt fine the day of the injury as well as the following day, but began to notice symptoms — including dizziness and headaches — two days later on Sept. 29. Varga reported the injury to the Colts that day before taking a concussion baseline test one week later on Oct. 6 to assess his status.

In the week following the injury Varga remained isolated in his apartment and did not practice, according to Ciotti.

Last year, the Yale football team’s offense was something else. Quarterback Morgan Roberts ’16 was a play-making maestro, orchestrating the best offense in the Football Championship Subdivision as well as the best offense in the history of Yale football.

He picked defenses apart, hitting All-Ivy targets Deon Randall ’15 and Grant Wallace ’15 with ease. His team topped 40 points in seven out of 10 games. It was a joy to watch.

With the graduation of both Randall and Wallace, in addition to current NFL tailback Tyler Varga ’15 and a pair of longtime starters on the offensive line in Will Chism ’15 and Ben Carbery ’15, a step back seemed inevitable. Nobody expected Roberts to throw for 4,000 yards this year, nor did we assume another record-breaking campaign was in the offing.

But after the first two weeks of the season, and after a pair of frenetic fourth-quarter comebacks and flashes of phenomenal offense, I’ll be damned if I didn’t think this could be the year that I can finally brag to my “friends”

vious weekend, the teams had to tackle the opposite extreme this time around: Unusually light breezes forced the cancellation of multiple races at each location.

A high point of the weekend for the Elis came on the Providence River, where a sextet of Bulldogs from the No. 1 coed team took second place in the 18-school Sherman Hoyt Trophy. Due to uncooperative conditions, only 10 total races were run during the entire event, while last year’s event included 10 races apiece in the A and B divisions.

“It was really just a day of sailing, which was unfortunate because we really just did half of what we usually do, if not less than that,” captain and crew Charlotte Belling ’16 said. “But

the results at the Hoyt were very exciting.”

The A-division duo of skipper Ian Barrows ’17 and crew Amelia Dobronyi ’17 captured first place in the only two races on Saturday. Skipper Mitchell Kiss ’17 and crew Clara Robertson ’17, who took over Yale’s A boat for the division’s three Sunday races, were unable to match the unblemished performance of their teammates from the prior day. After fourth, ninth and 12th place performances on Sunday, the combined work from the four Elis resulted in a third-place overall finish for Yale in the A division.

Skipper Nic Baird ’19, along with SEE SAILING PAGE 10

ANNA-SOPHIE HARLING/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Elizabeth McDonald ’16 was the fourth Eli to cross the finish line, good for 17th overall. place, respectively.

Another pair of consecutive finishes rounded out Yale’s top five, as Elizabeth McDonald ’16 and Healy took 17th and 18th place. The race marked a 42-second improvement on McDonald’s finish from her freshman run of the course in 2012.

SEE XC PAGE 10

STAT OF THE DAY 4

YALE DAILY NEWS

The Elis showed depth this weekend, spreading their two squads among four regattas and turning in top-10 finishes in all four.

THE NUMBER OF RUNNERS ON THE YALE MEN’S AND WOMEN’S CROSS COUNTRY TEAMS WHO PLACED TOP 10 AT THE CCSU MINI MEET. Zach Cappello ’19 placed sixth in the men’s race, while Melissa Fairchild ’18, Emily Barnes ’17 and Sami Glass ’18 contributed to a team win for the women.