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NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT · TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 2015 · VOL. CXXXVIII, NO. 46 · yaledailynews.com

INSIDE THE NEWS MORNING EVENING

RAIN RAIN

59 46

CROSS CAMPUS

D-LIGHTFUL VITAMIN D PROTECTS BRAINS

FOSSIL FREE FRIDAY

BEHIND BARS

FFY postpones protest, meets with ACIR on new policy ideas

ELM CITY GROUP DISCUSSES BAIL, PRISON REFORM

PAGES 12-13 SCI-TECH

PAGE 3 UNIVERSITY

PAGE 3 CITY

AU REVOIR Study abroad statistics reveal declining interest in visiting France PAGE 5 UNIVERSITY

More than 1,000 gather in solidarity

The Ben who cried wolf. In yesterday’s New York Times, columnist Charles Blow examined recent accusations that 2016 presidential candidate Ben Carson’s ’73 autobiography contains lies.

One of the claims critiqued in Blow’s column, “Ben Carson and the Truth,” is the candidate’s statement that he turned down a full scholarship to West Point for Yale — a story that his campaign admitted was untrue.

What would Harvard do? As recent racial controversies shake Yale’s campus, Harvard stood behind its students of color when the university defended affirmative action in “Fisher v. University of Texas” — the Supreme Court case in which Abigail Fisher charged that Texas denied her admission because she is white. A court ruling in Fisher’s favor could forbid universities to consider race in admission decisions.

Trending twice. For the second time in two weeks, Yale has appeared in the top spot in Facebook’s “Trending” box.

The first time, the buzz was about Lady Gaga’s campus visit. Yesterday, the University received thousands of mentions due to yesterday’s March of Resilience, which was attended by over 1,000 students.

Major League. In its earliest presidential endorsement in history, the League of Conservation Voters — a prominent environmental group — stated its support for Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton LAW ’73 for 2016. The endorsement comes shortly after Clinton’s public opposition to the Keystone XL pipeline, announced in late September.

100 most. New Haven Mayor Toni Harp’s name appeared in Connecticut’s NAACP chapter’s list of the 100 most influential African-Americans in the state. Also honored on the list were Yale Police Department Chief Ronnell Higgins and state Sen. Gary Winfield, who represents the Elm City. The list was decided at this weekend’s NAACP conference in Stamford.

Campus in crisis. The Afro-

American Cultural Center will host “A Moment of Crisis: Race at Yale Teach-In” tomorrow evening at 7 p.m. in response to the recent dialogue on campus. The event will focus on topics such as valuing women of color on campus, mental health services for students of color, addressing male privilege and adopting ethnic studies at Yale.

THIS DAY IN YALE HISTORY

1965 Prominent AfricanAmerican chemist Dr. Richard Goldsby moderates a discussion at Sterling Memorial Library about the lack of black faculty members at major universities, including Yale.

Follow along for the News’ latest.

Twitter | @yaledailynews

y

COURTESY OF ALEX ZHANG

A crowd of over 1,000 flooded Cross Campus in a show of solidarity and student power.

BY JON VICTOR, MONICA WANG AND VICTOR WANG STAFF REPORTERS With the multicolored messages from last Thursday’s chalking event still visible on the pavement, students and

supporters gathered once again on Cross Campus yesterday to stand in solidarity after a week of impassioned discussions about race at Yale.

But student organizers and participants said Monday’s March of Resilience — in which

Acclaimed prof to leave Yale

hundreds marched from the Afro-American Cultural Center to Cross Campus — had a markedly different tone from the tense confrontation with Yale College Dean Jonathan Holloway that took place at the same location last week. Student leaders

at the event, which eventually attracted over 1,000 students, faculty and administrators, gave speeches about student power, solidarity and unity. The event also featured musical and cultural performances. Ultimately, the gathering transformed into

an impromptu dance party on Cross Campus, which students said allowed them to join together as a community to turn the tide of campus conversation.

The march began at 2 p.m., SEE MARCH PAGE 4

Magnet schools seek higher enrollment

BY FINNEGAN SCHICK STAFF REPORTER One week after the University announced a $50 million faculty diversity initiative, Yale is losing a professor whose work spans four departments.

Anthropology and East Asian Studies professor Karen Nakamura GRD ’01 announced in a Nov. 4 statement on her personal website that she will leave Yale to teach at the University of California, Berkeley at the end of the semester. Last spring, Nakamura was offered an endowed professorship and more laboratory resources than she currently receives at Yale. Her colleagues, who have repeatedly called on University officials over the last year to work to help retain Nakamura — who is a tenured Asian-American professor — said losing such a talented and interdisciplinary professor damages the Anthropology Department and diminishes Yale’s broader faculty diversity.

Anthropology professor William Kelly, who advised Nakamura’s dissertation, described the University’s inability to keep Nakamura at Yale as “a very strong failure of nerve and imagination.”

“This is somebody of quite significant dimension who is leaving,” Kelly said. “The [Faculty of Arts and Sciences] administraSEE DEPARTURE PAGE 6

JANE KIM/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

New Haven has 17 interdistrict magnet schools.

BY REBECCA KARABUS STAFF REPORTER New Haven Public Schools magnet schools received only $36 million of the potential $37.2 million available from a state grant, but Chief Financial Officer Victor De La Paz says this funding gap reflects shortcomings in the state’s magnet school funding formula, not a failure of the schools themselves.

New Haven’s 17 interdistrict magnet schools — which admit students from New Haven and neighboring suburbs based on the results of a lottery — receive $3,000 per New Haven resident enrolled in the school and $7,085 for students who live in neighboring suburban towns, such as Woodbridge, Milford and Hamden. De La Paz said the state set a maximum cap on this year’s funding at $37.2 million, a figure based on the

number of Greater New Haven students enrolled in magnet schools on Oct. 1, 2013. Because the data from 2014 is still subject to final review, the state has to use the two-year-old data, he said. But the magnet school system only received $36 million of the potential $37.2 million, because 126 student seats were left unfilled on Oct. 1.

SEE SCHOOLS PAGE 6

Bail, youth prison reforms likely in Connecticut

BY SARA SEYMOUR STAFF REPORTER Reform could be on the horizon for bail bonds and judicial policies for low-risk young adult offenders in Connecticut, Gov. Dannel Malloy announced Friday.

Malloy said Connecticut

should be the first state in the nation to raise the upper age limit for juvenile sentencing from 17 to 20 at Friday’s Connecticut Law Review symposium on criminal justice reform.

He also suggested the state grant young adults between 21 and 25 years old access to some of the protective judicial allowances

given to juveniles. This would include allowing young adults to have their cases heard confidentially, their criminal records sealed and the opportunity to have those records expunged.

Malloy also suggested that Connecticut follow the example of states like New Jersey and reform bail payments to prevent low-

income individuals from being disproportionately impacted by pre-trial jail time.

“We must end a cycle of crime and create the opportunity for success. And we must recognize that what may be trailblazing today may be the norm tomorrow,” Malloy said. “Together, we will continue the work that we

began almost five years ago to reduce crime, restore confidence in our criminal justice system and end the injustice of mass incarceration in Connecticut.”

The Connecticut General Assembly passed legislation in 2007 that raised the upper age SEE REFORM PAGE 4

PAGE 2

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

OPINION

.COMMENT “I would rather be offended by hordes of thoughtless people than told what I can yaledailynews.com/opinion

GUEST COLUMNIST J O S H U A FA B E R

T

IT IS WE STUDENTS WHO ARE THE ONES CHARGED WITH CREATING AND MAINTAINING A RESPECTFUL, COMPASSIONATE CULTURE AT YALE The first step is to realize that the powers of the University administration are fairly limited in addressing these issues. The University may be able to implement some of the recommendations they recently received, like “sensitivity training” and a “formal space and procedure to voice concerns related to incidents and events of discrimination and hate speech at Yale,” but it will probably not impose new distributional requirements or encourage every student organization to fundraise for black women at Yale and in New Haven. The administration is ultimately obliged to dec-

'DISTMORPH' ON 'DEAN: WITH RIGHTS GO OBLIGATIONS'

GUE ST COLUMNIST RIANNA JOHNSON-LEVY

For Yale vs. racism hese weeks should be a moment of unity for Yale.

Nobody on campus supports institutionalized racism and nobody on campus wants his or her peers to feel physically threatened. Instead of bringing us all together, however, these recent events have divided us, revealing small cracks on the surface of our community to be gaping fissures.

This disunity exists because many of the proposed solutions for combating racism on campus would require all community members to agree to some fairly subjective opinions. Students like myself — who agree with the spirit of Erika Christakis’s email, believe SAE should be investigated before it is indicted or find any comparison to last year’s Old Campus swastika vandalism appalling — cannot speak up without fear of being labeled as bigots.

If this fear persists, then the students who have brought the conversation about race to the administration will be unable to recruit the necessary support to create lasting changes.

There is a silent majority of students who want to help, but do not know how they can, given their views on recent events. Without us, our community risks failure to produce lasting change.

say by well-meaning officials.”

larations like The Woodward Report from 1974, which insists Yale’s primary commitment to free speech must always supersede Yale’s secondary commitment to “friendship, solidarity, harmony, civility or mutual respect.” Forcing students to adopt certain ideas is just as bad as forcing them to adopt certain kinds of speech, and the University should not consider any course of action in that vein.

At the end of the day, it is we students who are the ones charged with creating and maintaining a respectful, compassionate culture at Yale. An “Us versus Ourselves” mentality breeds discord. A “Yale versus Racism” mentality promotes unity. This is an issue for which everyone — whether they are white or black, male or female, liberal or conservative — can be a part of the solution.

All students and all racial concerns need to be actively embraced by a movement that currently contains a fraction of the Yale community. The racial concerns of black women should be joined by the concerns of Hispanics, Asians, Native Americans and others.

To some extent, this effort has already begun. Unfortunately, it has generated overly combative responses, like stigmatizing all fraternities instead of collaborating to use their social capital for the greater good. No one has made explicitly clear how every kind of student can use each day to ensure everyone feels comfortable calling Yale home. I avoid racially charged remarks and try to check my biases, but what else can I do? More than anything, we need leaders to emerge who can show our confused community what Yale can look like at its best and how we can get there in spite of our variety of backgrounds and often conflicting ideologies.

The Washington Post, The Daily Beast and my Facebook feed all make it look like Yale is a horrible place for minorities to study and live, worse than any of our peer institutions. All institutions have many of the same problems as Yale. The difference is we are actually talking about them. I believe we can be a model. The momentum on campus right now is unlike anything we’ve seen in recent years. Let’s show ourselves, and everyone else, the quality and character that can come out of even the most harrowing of these bright college years.

How we do better W

hen I first heard calls for fellow students to explicitly state they do not condone racism and misogyny, I was unsure what would be gained from simply posting on Facebook and sharing tweets.

I have heard the very people whose racism and sexism have hurt me most say “I am not racist and I am not misogynistic,” as if words, alone, could absolve their past actions. If there is anything we have learned as a community this past week, good intent can still lead to harmful outcomes. This being said, there is a power in identifying yourself in solidarity with women and students of color on this campus.

As many know, last Thursday, when students gathered to chalk in support of women of color, a confrontation with Dean Jonathan Holloway occurred, without previous planning or organization. Students of color were calling for the administration to send out an email affirming the University’s support of women and people of color, not necessarily calling out specific instances, just affirming support. This does not require an investigation; it should not require any more conversation.

I want to ask the question: what holds Yale back from taking the steps required to make this campus safe for students of color? What keeps Yale from

complying immediately with the demands made by the Black Student Alliance at Yale? Yale has the resources to hire black psychologists at Yale Health.

Yale has the ability to implement cultural competency training for faculty and staff.

It has the power to punish students who participate in banned organizations with long histories of racism, misogyny, classism and homophobia. Empathetic administrators, faculty and staff are not the reason for inaction. It is not because students of color have been silent about their needs. So what is it then?

Yale is being held hostage by ignorance. The ignorant are among our administrators, staff, faculty, students, parents and donors. I am not accusing these people of malicious intent; ignorance can be incidental just as it can be willful. When administrators answer student calls for an email addressing racist incidents at Yale by noting bureaucratic limits, that is protecting the ignorant. As a community, we have to ask at whose expense we are willing to continue on with business as usual.

If Yale is afraid to act because of donors, I don’t want their support. Students of color are not going to sacrifice their health, their educations and their dignity in order for Yale to receive donations that do

not benefit them. The current climate of campus is preventing students of color from having the educational experience they were promised along with their admission to the University. Of course, there are donations that work to improve our cultural houses and to support faculty diversity initiatives, but the expenditures made in these departments are only pennies compared the resources Yale could put forward if it wanted to. Students are coming here and being hurt and a Founders Day picnic will not remedy that pain.

If Yale is afraid of upsetting ignorant students and faculty, Yale is failing at its mission. The Yale College mission statement states that the goal of a Yale education is to cultivate members of our community “with a rich awareness of our heritage to lead and serve in every sphere of human activity.” The ignorant do not have a rich awareness of our heritage. They speak without hearing the voices dying to share their stories. If people at Yale are uncomfortable with supporting women of color, they are going against the stated mission of this college. Everyone has a role to play in helping the University do what it must to support Yale students. It is important for allies to tell Yale that if it does better by students of color, “I will not be offended.”

There are many ways to do this.

Members of fraternities or other organizations on campus with racist histories should quit these groups. Students on this campus are smart and creative; we can create new communities that possess all the positive components of a fraternity, without defending the legacy of these bigoted institutions. If you are an alumni, particularly a member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon, you should email administrators, write articles and rally your community to change. Let Yale know that you do not support the protection of groups or protection of individuals on campus that continue to hurt students.

If you are a donor, make it clear your support of Yale is contingent on the support of students of color. If you are a student, support the faculty, administrators and students who speak out. Defend them.

It is the responsibility of our students and our alumni to make it clear that no one benefits from the subjugation of students of color on this campus. Stand in support. Hold yourself accountable. As students chanted with BSAY on Monday afternoon in the March of Resilience: “We out here. We been here. We ain’t leaving. We are loved.”

RIANNA JOHNSON-LEVY is a junior in Jonathan Edwards College.

Contact her at rianna.johnson-levy@yale.edu .

GUEST COLUMNIST ROB HENDERSON

Remembering our veterans

JOSHUA FABER is a senior in Branford College. Contact him at joshua.faber@yale.edu .

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L

ast month, I attended a discussion at the Saybrook dining hall. The talk centered on the military-civilian disconnect and offered a forum for students, parents and people of all backgrounds to share their thoughts on the military’s relationship to the American public. As a veteran myself, I appreciated the opportunity to listen and share my thoughts.

One participant raised the idea that some people are conflicted about the military because it reminds them that threats exist — people don’t like to be made aware of violence. She proposed that, for some, seeing images of soldiers reminds them of war, which they’d rather not think about.

This idea remained with me after the discussion ended. Prior to matriculating, I had thought that my experiences in the military would add a unique perspective to my courses at Yale, but it turns out my courses at Yale have also added some perspective to my military experience.

One of my readings characterized the progression of European militaries in the 18th and 19th

centuries from peasant and mercenary armies to professional militaries. As this advancement occurred, the wealth and security of Europe increased. The combination of a more prosperous society along with a disciplined military led the bourgeoisie to regard the military with derision and even contempt. For them, soldiers were a product of a bygone era, relics of a primitive age from which enlightened individuals could escape. It is difficult not to observe similar sentiments to society today.

While I was stationed in Europe, I had a conversation with two elderly Polish gentlemen. We eventually turned to the conflict in Crimea and the U.S. military presence in Europe.

One man’s (paraphrased) observation stood out to me: “As you enjoy your stay in any charming European city, do not assume that its pleasantness is magically guaranteed to last. Some of these European states can go bad at a moment’s notice, as they’ve proven time and again. One can go from admiring the city square and enjoying the sights to having a boot placed on their head in a cold basement faster than you

can say “fascism.” If we’re being honest, the American military has played a major role in maintaining peace in these societies.”

I had similar conversations with other citizens in Eastern Europe — people who have had their freedom and livelihoods threatened exhibit great appreciation for the American presence in Europe. In our comfortable lives we can easily forget the fragility of our freedoms. It is easy to slip into thinking that the classical liberal tenets of natural rights, equality and justice are the default. But a cursory examination of history shows that the ideals we strive to attain are not the norm. The freedoms and opportunities we have in this country, which thousands of immigrants routinely risk their lives to enter, exist only because of the courageous men and women who volunteer to defend it.

While we may think of the military as something separate from our experiences at Yale, the Beinecke memorial reminds us that Yale has historically had close ties with the military. From the American Revolution until the present day, many

alumni have given their lives for our country, including 514 students in World War II. Following that war, Yale enrolled more than 8,000 returning veterans. During the Korean War, nearly half of Yale students were enrolled in ROTC. According to the Yale Veterans Association, there are roughly 10,000 Yale alumni who are veterans. The intertwined history of Yale and the military should spur us to reconsider how close we truly are to the armed services. We must remind ourselves of the sacrifices our service members have shouldered.

And so, on behalf of the Undergraduate Veterans Day Committee, I extend an invitation to all readers to join us on Wednesday, Nov. 11 at 10 a.m. on Cross Campus. Whether you have never given any thought to Veterans Day or come from a family with a military background, I encourage you to visit and recognize why this day is important to everyone, not just veterans.

ROB HENDERSON is an Eli Whitney student in Calhoun College.

Contact him at robert.henderson@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 3

NEWS

“We’ve arranged a civilization in which most crucial elements profoundly depend on science and technology.”

CARL SAGAN AMERICAN ASTRONOMER

Fossil Free Yale presents revised demands

BY FINNEGAN SCHICK STAFF REPORTER Fossil Free Yale brought revised demands to the table in a conversation with administrators last Thursday, presenting its first major policy document in two years to the Yale Advisory Committee on Investor Responsibility.

In a room at the Yale Law School, around 10 FFY organizers once again asked that Yale divest its endowment from fossil fuel industries, but this time with less fanfare than came with the group’s protest in April, when Yale police threatened to arrest 19 FFY members inside Woodbridge Hall after an daylong sitin. The organizers presented the document to ACIR, which is comprised of faculty, staff, students and alumni who recommend investment policies to the Yale Corporation, the University’s highest governing body. Previously, FFY had demanded that the University completely divest from all industries that produce fossil fuels. FFY’s new policy document narrows the criteria for divestment, asking only that Yale divest from industries that could not eliminate fossil fuels without fundamentally changing their business models.

For example, according to FFY organizer Hannah Nesser ’16, Yale should divest from industries like oil, which by definition cannot stop producing fossil fuels. On the other hand, Yale need not divest from industries like the automobile industry that could eliminate greenhouse gas emissions without ceasing to produce cars, she said.

“The best way to divest is to divest from companies that can’t change without changing their identity,” Nesser said.

Although Yale administrators have rejected the idea of complete divestment from fossil fuels in the past, Thursday’s presentation represents another step in FFY’s dialogue with the University over responsible investment. In 2014, the University told FFY that it would not further engage with the organization until FFY provided new information in a policy document or from other sources.

Up to that point, FFY had primarily been using the same set of recommendations that it had written in 2013.

An FFY protest originally planned for last Friday, the day after the meeting with ACIR, was postponed to prevent any overlap with the current campus dia-

KEN YANAGISAWA/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

Fossil Free Yale has presented revised demands to the University regarding divestment. logues about race.

“We felt that we needed to make space for more reflection and discussion and not try to center the campus discourse on our issue,” said FFY member Tristan Glowa ’18 in an email to the FFY community.

The postponed rally, which will be held instead on Nov. 13, aims to gather student support rather than address specific problems with Yale’s investments, Nesser said.

In addition to recommending these new guidelines for divestment, FFY called attention to another negative effect of fossil fuels for the first time. Fossil fuel industries disrupt political processes in countries around the world, Nesser said.

At the Thursday meeting, FFY also submitted a letter written by several Yale professors, along with the testimonies of faculty who support divestment. The letter bore the signatures of 130

faculty members.

Current members of the ACIR did not answer specific questions about the meeting with FFY, but Nesser said she expects to meet again with the committee in the future.

Founded in 1972, ACIR follows a set of ethical guidelines for investment that are outlined in “The Ethical Investor,” a book published by the Yale University Press in the same year about how universities should invest their

endowments. The book outlined Yale’s “minimum moral obligation” when investing its money.

But Nesser said the investment guidelines in “The Ethical Investor” are obsolete.

“We think that this model failed,” Nesser said.

Elon Boms, the managing director of LaunchCapital, a New Haven-based venture capital firm and a lecturer at the School of Management, sits on ACIR. Boms said LaunchCapital seeks

to invest in technologies that reduce the reliance on fossil fuels.

“I have been very impressed with the level of thought, talent and passion that the Yale Fossil Free students have displayed on this topic,” Boms wrote in an email to the News.

The Ethical Investor was written by three Yale professors in 1969.

Contact FINNEGAN SCHICK at christopher.schick@yale.edu .

CT biotech pursues new approach to cancer therapy

BY LIONEL JIN STAFF REPORTER Intensity Therapeutics, a Connecticut-based biotech company, is taking a different path to cancer treatment, and early data on the treatment’s success rates has already begun generating excitement.

The company has developed

a platform that increases drug uptake by tumor cells when anticancer drugs are injected directly into tumors. In mice models, the treatment not only cured over half of animals with colon cancer but also prevented the animals from acquiring the same type of cancer for the rest of their lifetimes.

“What we’re doing with our

approach is potentially groundbreaking,” said Lewis Bender, founder and CEO of the company. “We shrink these cancers to zero, and you can’t give the mice the tumor again. They are protected for their whole lives.”

Directly injecting chemotherapy into tumors allows physicians to deliver a higher drug dose to the cancer cell while min-

imizing systemic side effects, explained Ian Walters, vice president and chief medical officer at Intensity Therapeutics. Scientists have on many occasions tried to inject chemotherapeutic drugs directly into tumors, Bender said. But chemotherapy drugs need to be water-soluble to be injectable, and they are poorly absorbed through the fat layer

COURTESY OF INTENSITY THERAPEUTICS

Lewis Bender (right) and Ian Walters (left) of Intensity Therapeutics presented data last Thursday at a Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer meeting.

that surrounds cells, he added.

“What our technology does is temporarily makes the drug soluble in water and in fat at the same time,” Bender said. “The tumor becomes very much like a sponge, and the drug diffuses throughout the tumor very quickly, saturating both the inside and outside.”

Intensity Therapeutics’ method of killing cancer cells also stimulates the immune response to the abnormal cells, Bender said. The immune system recognizes the dead cancer cells and can launch an effective response should it come across similar cells elsewhere in the body.

Bender and Walters presented data demonstrating the efficacy of their platform at last Thursday’s annual Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer meeting.

When used to deliver a combination of two drugs to mice with cancer, the therapy led to tumor shrinkage in almost all the animals and cured over half of them.

“Our technology helps the drugs get into the cell, including the nucleus. And once it’s there, [the drugs] can’t come out,” Walters said.

Intensity Therapeutics does not have its own laboratory, but conducts its experiments in labs at the National Cancer Institute and also formed partnerships with researchers at the institute.

It has also hired external consultants to sit on its Scientific Advisory Board.

This “virtual company” approach has been an attractive and successful one for many small biotechs, Bender said.

Pointing to the company’s collaboration with the Berzofsky lab at the NCI, Bender said his company has been able to leverage

the services of an entire lab in the NCI Vaccine Branch for less than the cost of a full-time research scientist.

Walters said the partnership with NCI has been fruitful, with the institute successfully reproducing the very high cure rates first observed as well as determining the precise mechanism of action of the drug. Still, he acknowledged that it is difficult to tell whether the results in mice will translate to humans.

The platform’s success in stimulating the immune response in mice was key to curing the mice of cancer and preventing a recurrence of the tumor, but this may not work as well in humans, said Mario Sznol, Yale professor of medicine at the Yale Cancer Center and one of three scientists who joined the company’s advisory board two weeks ago. In mice models, tumors are just there for a few days so the immune system has not had a chance to recognize them effectively, but this may not be the limiting factor in humans whose immune systems have had a longer time to interact with the cancer cells.

Still, there is value in finding a good way to treat tumors locally, Sznol said.

“We do see people in the clinic where we are not trying to cure them of the cancer anymore.

If we can get rid of one or more tumors that is causing them pain or cosmetic disfigurement, that is a very important, useful intervention,” Sznol said.

The company is working to test its therapy in humans within the next six to eight months, Bender said.

Contact LIONEL JIN at chentian.jin@yale.edu .

PAGE 4

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT

“The first step in the evolution of ethics is a sense of solidarity with other human beings.”

ALBERT SCHWEITZER GERMAN THEOLOGIAN AND PHILOSOPHER

Hundreds attend March of Resilience ROUTE MARCHERS MOVE FROM THE AF-AM HOUSE TO CROSS CAMPUS

Cross Campus

BRO AD WA Y

2:33 PM:

Students arrive on Cross Campus.

ELM STREET

ELM STREET

2:56 PM:

Blue Feather, Unity and Shades perform.

COLLEGE STREET

1:56 PM:

People gather outside Af-Am House.

2:04 PM:

Afro-American Cultural Center

People begin marching: “We are unstoppable.

Another Yale is possible.”

2:25 PM:

Crowd crosses Chapel Street, students link arms to halt traffic, chanting “We are Yale.”

Native American Cultural Center Asian American Cultural Center La Casa: Latino Cultural Center

CHAPEL STREET

Sigma Alpha Epsilon House 2:23 PM:

Crowd passes SAE.

CROWN STREET

2:20 PM:

Organizers address the crowd: “It is a time for student power.”

HIGH STREET

with participants parading past the Native American Cultural Center, the Asian American Cultural Center and La Casa Cultural, as well as Sigma Alpha Epsilon — the site of an Oct. 30 party where a brother allegedly told a female student of color that entrance was for “white girls only.” More and more people joined the march as it progressed, with students linking hands at the intersection of High and Chapel Streets to stop traffic and make way for the procession. “We out here, we’ve been here, we ain’t leaving, we are loved,” they chanted as they walked. The march culminated on Cross Campus, where a sea of supporters assembled to listen, cheer, sing and dance.

“The point of this march was to shift the tone in the dialogue.

Last week there was a lot of pain, and it was emotionally draining and traumatic for many people of color on campus, even though it was a necessary move,” said Alejandra Padin-Dujon ’18, a member of La Casa and the Af-Am House. “Right now, moving forward, we are looking to heal ourselves so that we can strengthen ourselves, regroup and push for specific demands and positive change for the future.”

Members of the Yale community found out about the March of Resilience — a joint effort among the four cultural centers — the day before through individual cultural centers, extracurricular panlists and word of mouth. Students were asked not to promote the event through social media until the day of the protest, in order to avoid the possibility of a counterprotest.

On Cross Campus, Lex Barlowe ’17, standing with a group of other student leaders above the crowd, led attendees in a song from an ethnic studies protest at the University of California, Berkeley that took place in 1999. Afterwards, the audience cheered and clapped as the Blue Feather Drum Group, Yale’s first American Indian performance group, began to drum and sing.

Unity, a Korean percussion and dance troupe, as well as Shades, an a cappella group founded to sing music of the African Diaspora and the African-American tradition, also performed. Shades sang a medley of “Amen” and “We Shall Overcome,” the latter of which served as the anthem for the civil rights movement in the 1960s. Individual student leaders also spoke through megaphones, reflecting on the past week’s

developments and calling on the crowd to take action.

“You are powerful. Look around you — we are powerful,” Ivetty Estepan ’18, one of the event organizers and a student coordinator for La Casa, told the crowd. “We are not victims; today, we are on our way to being victors.”

Estepan noted the news that University of Missouri’s president had stepped down yesterday amid student protests that he did not take seriously incidents of racism at the university. She said minority students have fought at Yale to create the cultural centers and to make changes in them.

Also present on Cross Campus during part of the rally was University President Peter Salovey, who engaged in discussions with students and interviews with media outlets.

“Last week was a reminder that we need to work harder, and this [march] is reinforcement that if we work harder, I think we can create an educational environment where everyone is respected, everyone is heard,” Salovey told the News.

“I’m inspired to create that kind of Yale.”

Organizers said the march was a way to gather the diverse members on campus in a public demonstration of solidarity.

“The march was organized to emphasize our empowerment and show support and unity among different groups and cultural centers,” La Casa member Cathleen Calderon ’17 said.

“Everyone is healing at different stages, so this is really about coming together and empowering each other. People really needed a dance party.”

The demonstration attracted a wide range of attendees, from members of the cultural centers and undergraduates to graduate students, professors and administrators, including the masters and deans of several residential colleges.

Gabby Cudjoe Wilkes DIV ’18 said that although she is not an undergraduate, she felt an emotional connection to the march because she is a woman of color.

Cudjoe Wilkes took part in the march from its beginning at the Af-Am House, and she praised the students for their organization, which included teaching participants the chants ahead of time. Furthermore, she said, the tone of the rally was different from other events she has been involved with, since it focused more on improving the culture at Yale rather than saying that the

YORK STREET

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PHOEBE GOULD/PRODUCTION & DESIGN ASSISTANT

students wanted to leave.

Njoya Tikum, a 2015 Yale World Fellow from Cameroon, said the demonstration showed that the current generation of students will be the ones to push society towards racial equality.

He also commented on the diversity of the students participating in the march. Cudjoe Wilkes said the organizers made an effort to be inclusive of all cultural centers.

“What’s important is not their backgrounds, but that they share a common humanity,” Tikum said. He added that it was encouraging that so many Yale administrators were in attendance on Cross Campus.

Mary Lui, master of Timothy Dwight College and Yale’s first

tenured Asian American studies professor, was also in attendance Monday.

“My job as an educator is to be here for the students,” she said.

Trumbull College Master Margaret Clark also said it was critical for her to support students.

For many students, the march took priority over other obligations. A number of attendees interviewed said they had skipped class to attend the demonstration, citing a sense of responsibility that compelled them to be there in support of their peers.

Josh Tranen ’18 said he skipped his “Bible as Literature” course to attend the march, adding that he saw several other students in the class who were also there.

“I’m not going to go to Bible

class and learn about the good things I should do for other people when I have this opportunity right here,” Tranen said. “I needed to be there to support my friends and students of color on this campus, and as a person who doesn’t have to undergo some of these experiences on a daily basis, it’s my job to show support to people who do.”

Hannah Schmitt ’18 also attended the demonstration, missing her “Introduction to Biological Anthropology” course to do so.

“This is an incredible space for students of color to express joy in the face of suffering, and I am amazed by their strength and honored that they are willing to share their voices so that all of us

can learn,” Schmitt said.

Darwin Edwards ’19 also skipped class, stating that he was conflicted about the decision but eventually decided that it was more important to stand with students who are struggling.

Bailey Pickens DIV ’16, another attendee, praised the demonstration for its musical and light-hearted denouement.

“Every protest should end with a dance party,” Pickens said.

“Because there’s real joy in doing what’s right.”

Contact JON VICTOR at jon.victor@yale.edu, MONICA WANG at monica.wang@yale.edu and VICTOR WANG at v.wang@yale.edu .

Malloy aims to reform juvenile offender policies REFORM FROM PAGE 1 limit for juvenile sentencing from 16 to 18. This bill came into effect in stages, with 16-year-olds being considered juveniles in 2010 and 17-year-olds joining this group in 2012. Connecticut was one of the last states to raise the minimum age for adult sentencing to 18. But now, Malloy proposes the state be the first to raise this age limit to 20.

We need to be looking at the individual in the context of what we know.

STEVEN MARANS Professor of Child Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine Malloy said the 2007 bill has led to the population at the Connecticut Juvenile Training School — a state-run youth prison — decreasing to historic lows.

He added that the bill has also resulted in the number of inmates under the age of 18 at the Manson Youth Institution, a highsecurity prison for men under 21, decreasing by 75 percent since 2009. Malloy said the fact that 51 percent fewer people aged 18–21 are in correctional facilities today as compared to 2009 is the best proof that raising the age for juvenile sentencing is effective.

Professor of child psychiatry at the Yale School of Medicine Steven Marans, who also directs the Childhood Violent Trauma Center — a research center based in the Yale Child Study Center —

said though he does not know the details of Malloy’s proposition, it is important to remember young adults’ brains do not complete maturation until mid-adulthood.

He said the prefrontal cortex — which controls functions such as decision-making — does not finish developing until the mid-20s.

“We need to be looking at the individual in the context of what we know about development and about the host of adverse conditions that can derail optimal development,” Marans said.

Marans stressed that discussing the complexity of how humans function and develop when crafting policy ideas is only useful if there is funding for interventions proven effective for atrisk children.

Malloy asked the Connecticut Sentencing Commission to review the state’s bail system and its diversionary programs in a Nov. 5 letter, citing New Jersey, Massachusetts, Kentucky and Oregon as examples of states with fair bail systems.

“Our bail system is broken. It leads to people spending lengthy periods in jail for minor offenses such as drug possession, prostitution and even traffic infractions simply because they can’t afford bail,” David McGuire, legislative and policy director for the American Civil Liberties Union of Connecticut, said. “Meanwhile, people who have committed more serious crimes can get out as long as they can pay.”

Malloy requested an update from the Commission by Jan. 15, 2016.

Contact SARA SEYMOUR at sara.seymour@yale.edu .

SARA SEYMOUR/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Malloy said New Jersey, Massachusetts, Kentucky and Oregon are states with fair bail systems.

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 5

NEWS

“To travel is to take a journey into yourself.”

DANNY KAYE AMERICAN ACTOR, SINGER AND COMEDIAN

Winfield discusses bail and sentencing reform

BY NOAH DAPONTE-SMITH STAFF REPORTER Bail and sentencing reforms are on the docket for the coming legislative session, state Sen. Gary Winfield said at a meeting of the criminal justice advocacy organization People Against Injustice Monday night.

Winfield, who met with six PAI members in the basement of the New Haven Free Public Library, reviewed the criminal justice reform legislation passed during the General Assembly’s most recent session, as well as the legislation that may come before the legislature once the new session begins in February.

The General Assembly passed two major works of criminal justice reform in 2015 — the “Second Chance Society” measure, which eliminated mandatory penalties for selling drugs in a school zone, and the Excessive Use of Force Act, which established a state-funded program to buy body cameras for municipal police departments.

In the upcoming legislative session, which will run from February until June, Winfield said the legislature is likely to focus on the bail and sentencing reforms Gov. Dannel Malloy proposed last week. His proposals seek to ensure accused criminals are not forced to stay in jail

because they cannot afford bail and to raise the age of the juvenile justice system’s jurisdiction to 20.

Winfield said the Second Chance act is intended to protect children from the effects of drug dealing.

“Generally, I’m against enhanced penalties,” he said.

“But if you’re selling to a kid, then I’m not going to go ballistic about enhanced penalties.”

The Second Chance act only affects buyers, Winfield said. The bill leaves penalties for sellers unchanged. On the first and second instances of buying drugs in protected zones — which encompass a large majority of New

Haven — the law allows buyers to begin treatment programs instead of face felony charges, he said. The buyer only faces felony charges on the third instance.

Winfield added that he would like to see the 1,500-foot protected zone around schools eliminated, leaving enhanced penalties only for selling to children, as established under current law.

He said legislators in favor of the change have often been called “soft on crime,” making advocacy difficult.

“It’s not about being soft on crime,” he said. “It’s about being smart. You don’t get everybody and their brother in jail, and you get to do what you want to do.”

Jane Mills, a member of PAI, suggested that the organization hold forums and meetings with legislators in other parts of the state to convince them of the need for criminal justice reform.

Bail reform is likely to be a focus for PAI’s advocacy efforts in coming months, Mills said.

Julia Berger, another PAI member, said the current bail system is “unfair and unequal.”

Winfield said the legislation the General Assembly will consider in the upcoming legislative session is still largely unwritten and so is a “blank canvas” for activists to influence.

Mills was optimistic about the chances of passing substantive

NOAH DAPONTE-SMITH/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Winfield said he supports enhanced penalities for those who sell drugs to children.

reform in the coming months.

“This is actually one of those years — a rare year in justice reform — when you can have some hope of getting one or two things passed,” she said.

Activists also raised concerns about visitation policies in Connecticut prisons. They said visitation policies at the New Haven Correctional Center on Whalley Avenue stipulate that an inmate must be listed on a child’s birth certificate for the child to be able to visit the inmate. Linda Faye Wilson, a PAI member who attended the meeting, said those policies are unrealistic, given the often complicated reality of parenthood in New Haven.

Winfield suggested the activists raise the issue with the warden at that prison and with Scott Semple, who was appointed commissioner of the state’s Department of Correction in January. Winfield praised Semple’s performance as commissioner, calling him “unbelievable” and praising his push to reform prisons.

The meeting ended with Winfield warning attendees of the pros and cons of community policing strategies in New Haven.

“Anytime we’re talking about community policing, I’d be very careful about what people mean,” he said. “Community policing, broken windows policing, whatever theory of policing you want, generally means an expansion of policing in minority communities.”

Community policing may be a good strategy for cutting crime in communities with large minority populations, he said, but activists should be careful what they wish for — there is no uniform understanding of what community policing means across the legislature.

Winfield was elected to the state Senate in 2014 in the special election to succeed Mayor Toni Harp in representing the 10th district in the Connecticut Senate.

Contact NOAH DAPONTE-SMITH at noah.daponte-smith@yale.edu .

Comparative study abroad programs on the rise STUDY ABROAD TOTAL INTERNATIONAL HONORS PROGRAM/COMPARATIVE APPLICATIONS 20

2015–16

2014–15

2013–14

2012–13

15 2011–12

An increasing number of Yale students studying abroad are opting for programs that take place in multiple countries, as opposed to more traditional programs that stay in just one.

The number of students participating in comparative studies — programs that are held in more than one country but focus on a single theme — has doubled from seven to 14 since 2013 and now represents about one-fifth of all students studying abroad, according to Director of Study Abroad Kelly McLaughlin. In total, the Yale Study Abroad office approved 82 students for a year or term abroad for spring 2016 and the next academic year, though Associate Director of Study Abroad Susan Evans noted that not all of these students will ultimately choose to participate. Of these students, 12 were sophomores and the remaining students were juniors.

The applications to take a year or term abroad, which closed on Oct. 15, also showed a decline in the number of students applying to study abroad in France. This year, only two students applied for programs in France, whereas seven students participated in year- or term-abroad programs there last year. Though the number represents a sharp decrease, Evans said the countries where students are studying are not as representative of student tastes as the actual programs that they are pursuing in those countries.

“When you look at the actual programs or universities students are attending, it’s a different story,” Evans said.

Michelle Gere, associate director of study abroad, said students will often not be set on a certain region in which to study, but rather look for a program that matches their interests, regardless of location. This focus on theme rather than location, she said, may have con-

tributed to the recent increase in popularity of comparative study abroad programs. Evans agreed, adding that this trend shows students are thinking first about what they want to study as opposed to where.

All of Yale’s comparative study programs are offered through the School for International Training, which conducts programs in environmental studies, economic development, global health and human rights, among others. One of these programs on cities in the 21st century takes participants to New York City, Sao Paulo, Cape Town and Ahmedabad, India, throughout the duration of the 16-week program.

Glory Norman ’16, who participated in SIT’s “Cities in the 21st Century” program, said she chose to do a comparative study because of the opportunity to immerse herself in the cultures of three different countries.

“I felt that it enhanced my understanding of urban issues because it allowed us to see that there are common themes across different countries and cultures, but also local nuances that affect what issues people deal with in a given city,” Norman said.

Ellie Dupler ’16, a global affairs major in the international development track, participated in an SIT program focusing on human rights last fall and said the program provided her with a sample of many different places.

She said that during her freshman and sophomore years, she completed global health and human rights internships in Sub-Saharan Africa but was concerned that her expertise was becoming too specialized and wanted to improve her career prospects if she ultimately chose to work in a different part of the world.

“I think comparative study is especially important in human rights and social justice issues,” Dupler said. “As an example, in studying refugee issues in Nepal and Jordan, I saw completely

2010–11

BY JON VICTOR STAFF REPORTER

10

5

MIRANDA ESCOBAR AND AMANDA HU/PRODUCTION & DESIGN ASSISTANTS

different domestic and international responses to the refugee situations in those countries that opened my eyes to how a single issue can manifest differently depending on the cultural norms and political climate of that country.”

Ana Lucia Carmelo ’16 said

she participated in a comparative study program in public health last fall and noted that in the field of public health it is useful to compare countries since policy often depends on cultural factors that are unique to each country.

Evans said the fact that SIT

programs are conducted in English might contribute to their popularity, while other study abroad programs may operate in the local language. She added that traditionally, the University annually sends many students to English-speaking countries, including Australia, South

Africa and the United Kingdom, which is usually the most popular destination for students.

Twelve students have applied to programs taking place in the United Kingdom for spring 2016.

Contact JON VICTOR at jon.victor@yale.edu .

PAGE 6

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT

“Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.”

NELSON MANDELA SOUTH AFRICAN ANTI-APARTHEID REVOLUTIONARY

Amid faculty diversity dispute, Nakamura to depart DEPARTURE FROM PAGE 1 tion [is] uninterested and incompetent in addressing the issues of retaining diverse faculty.”

Nakamura said leaving was a difficult decision, and criticized the $50 million faculty diversity initiative announced by University leaders last week as “smoke and mirrors” that does not fully address issues with faculty retention.

At Yale, Nakamura is involved in the Anthropology, East Asian Studies, Film Studies and Women’s, Gender and Sexuality Studies Departments and the LGBT Studies Committee. Her work includes research on Japanese people with disabilities and writings on transcending the gender binary. Nakamura has taught several introductory lecture courses at Yale, including “Introduction to Visual Anthropology,” as well as the popular seminar “Ethnographic Filmmaking.”

Several of Nakamura’s colleagues interviewed said her ability to reach students of different backgrounds using a variety of media, including film, is notable.

“She showed them a whole new medium for expressing social science inquiry,” Kelly said of the students in “Ethnographic Filmmaking.”

At UC Berkeley, Nakamura will be the chair of Disabilities Studies and an associate professor of anthropology. According to Nakamura’s Nov. 4 statement, UC Berkeley will provide her with new centrally located lab space devoted to researching disabilities. UC Berkeley hired her as part of its Haas Institute for a Fair and Inclusive Society, an initiative to address social justice and inclusion.

“Both my partner … and I feel a very strong commitment to issues of social justice and inclusion,” Nakamura wrote. “We are thrilled at the opportunity to become members of a public institution where that is a fundamental part of its DNA.” According to anthropology professor Helen Siu, who taught Nakamura as a graduate student, Yale’s Anthropology Depart-

ment is smaller than those at many at other schools, which means Nakamura’s departure has a larger impact on the department than that of a professor in another department might.

While the financial details behind Nakamura’s decision to leave have not been released by the University or Nakamura herself, her colleagues said the administration was unwilling to offer her the same resources she will have at UC Berkeley. Kelly described the UC Berkeley offer as “very attractive” and added that the University administration was uninterested in making serious efforts to retain Nakamura.

“What she wants is a respectful, self-reflective environment for her research and students,” Siu said. “It’s painful to see Nakamura leave. I’m still trying to get over it.”

Nakamura’s departure sheds light on larger problems with the University’s priorities on the makeup of its faculty, Siu said. In meetings with the FAS administration over the past year, Siu and Kelly said they argued the case for providing the resources necessary to retain Nakamura. Siu said the administration showed a lack of confidence in the kind of versatile and flexible intellectual vision that Nakamura has.

What she wants is a respectful, self-reflective environment for her research and students.

HELEN SIU Yale Anthropology Professor According to Kelly, Nakamura’s announcement comes in the aftermath of several other faculty departures in the Anthropology Department. Kelly said four women and two people of color have left the department in the last two years and have yet to be replaced. Other prominent faculty of color who have recently announced their intentions to

WIKI COMMONS

Anthropology professor Karen Nakamura GRD ’01 will leave Yale for UC Berkeley next semester. depart include English and African American Studies professor Elizabeth Alexander ’84 and Women’s, Gender and Sexuality Studies professor Vanessa Agard-Jones ’00. They are both leaving for Columbia University.

Nakamura said she was part of a “cohort” of African American and Asian American professors the University hired between 2004 and 2009. Retaining faculty is easier through a cohort of faculty members, she added.

Now, Nakamura said she is the last member of a cohort in the Anthropology department that has already dissolved.

“It’s a huge blow to the department,” she added.

But according to FAS Dean Tamar Gendler, the numbers of

FAS faculty who departed after December 2014 or who will depart after December 2015 show that more white male professors are leaving Yale than women or faculty of color. Of tenured professors who left last year or who are leaving next year for tenured positions at other universities, six were male and five were female, Gendler said. Nine of these professors were white, while only one was AfricanAmerican and one was AsianAmerican. Of the 15 senior faculty retirement announcements during the same period, all were white male professors.

Still, the University has recently taken steps to bring more women and underrepresented minorities to the faculty.

Last week, University Provost Benjamin Polak and University President Peter Salovey unveiled a new initiative that aims to increase faculty diversity. While much of the funding will go to hiring a more diverse faculty across all of Yale’s professional schools and the FAS, some of the money is designated for improving faculty retention by creating a University-wide teaching academy for minority faculty.

Siu said greater attention should be put on helping the current faculty at Yale. To do otherwise is a waste of time and energy, she added.

“Retaining the current faculty is far cheaper than trying to go out and seek others,” Siu said.

“We have this initiative while

completely forgetting those [professors] we already have here … What a waste.”

Kelly said a number of FAS faculty members are concerned about what they perceive to be an institutional emphasis on fiscal austerity at the cost of educational pedagogy. Kelly added that the new faculty diversity initiative does not address the complexities of faculty diversification and retention.

Nakamura’s next research project at UC Berkeley will look into using robotic and prosthetic technologies to solve problems of aging and disability in both the United States and in Japan.

Contact FINNEGAN SCHICK at christopher.schick@yale.edu .

Fault found with magnet school funding model SCHOOLS FROM PAGE 1 “The big-picture reason is that families have a lot of choices in the region, and they’re not forced or mandated to tell us their plans,” De La Paz said. “The challenge is that by the time we get all that information for all 17 of our schools, there are hundreds of open seats every year, and by the time we hear from them of what their plans are, it’s already the middle of September.”

De La Paz said the state implemented the funding formula in 1999 in order to combat segregation in inner-city schools and to incentivize magnet schools to recruit as many suburban students as possible.

The influx of suburban students then results in a greater amount of funding per school. He added that one possible reason for the $1.2 million funding gap is that the school system did not recruit enough suburban students for the magnet schools.

De La Paz said enrolling more New Haven students instead of suburban students could help fill the empty seats, but he added state law mandates that no more than 75 percent of magnet-school students can be New Haven residents.

Sherri Davis-Googe, the NHPS’ director of choice and enrollment, said the school district changed the waitlist process to increase school’s retention of applicants and fill more

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seats. To gain admission into a magnet school, students rank their top four school choices and the NHPS Placement System groups applications for each school based on the students’ preferences. The schools then draw lotteries for each preference group. Those not admitted are placed on a waitlist.

Whereas individual schools would admit students from the waitlist as seats became available, most rounds of waitlist results for all schools now come out at the same time, within the first few months of the school year, Davis-Googe said. In the old system, if a student were admitted into a school that he placed lower on his preference list before he was admit-

ted into a higher-ranked school, he would enroll in the lowerranked school before he learned about his other options. But in the new system, students have the option to enroll in the highest-ranked school that admits them, she said.

“By doing so, we were able to place over 73 percent of applicants in their first-ranked school choice,” Davis-Googe said.

De La Paz believes the funding system for New Haven magnet schools should mirror Hartford schools’ system, which designates $13,000 per suburban student, but nothing for students from the city. He said if the rules changed and New Haven were funded like Hartford, Elm City magnet schools would receive

$37.5 million.

By doing so, we were able to place over 73 percent of applicants in their firstranked school choice.

SHERRI DAVID-GOOGE Director of Choice and Enrollment, NHPS Darnell Goldson, one of two new Board of Education members elected last Tuesday, said the magnet school system should survey suburban students and parents to determine why some students do not enroll

after being admitted from the lottery.

In addition to filling seats, De La Paz said NHPS is working toward improving the state’s funding model for Elm City magnet schools and finding more incentives to attract suburban students. He added that while magnet schools receive less revenue for enrolling New Haven students, the district wants to ensure that New Haven students still have access to “well-resourced” schools.

New Haven magnet schools received $442,000 more from the state and filled 67 more seats this school year than in 2014.

Contact REBECCA KARABUS at rebecca.karabus@yale.edu .

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PAGE 7

AROUND THE IVIES

“No matter where you come from, or how much money your family has, I want you to know that you can succeed in college, and get your degree.” MICHELLE OBAMA FIRST LADY

T H E C O L U M B I A S P E C TAT O R

T H E B R O W N D A I LY H E R A L D

Guidebooks for first-gen students

Gender misconduct offenders banned from being RAs

BY JULIANA KAPLAN Columbia’s Office of Residential Life has changed its policy to ban students found responsible for gender-based misconduct from applying to be residential advisors.

This change, which was posted on the ResLife website in October, comes following a Columbia Spectator investigation conducted in February that found that Columbia did not have a policy preventing students found responsible for gender-based misconduct from taking leadership positions, such as RAs, teaching assistants and orientation and pre-orientation leaders.

Columbia’s hiring policies governing other student leadership positions have not changed.

UPDATED RESIDENT ADVISER HIRING POLICY

The recently updated Columbia RA information page states that students are not eligible to apply if they have previously been found responsible for violating the gender-based misconduct policy.

Tara Hanna, the director of residential life at Columbia, said that the stipulation is simply a clarification and not an official change in policy.

“In talking to students last year, we thought we could maybe be a little more upfront about that in our advertising for the RA position and in our application materials themselves,” Hanna said.

Hanna’s statement contradicts a statement made for Columbia ResLife last February by a spokesman who confirmed that no blanket policy existed preventing students found responsible for gender-based misconduct from serving as RAs.

“ A n applicant’s disciplinary standing or any policy violations could COLUMBIA impact their selection as a resident adviser. Importantly, each application is considered on a case-by-case basis,” the spokesman said.

A student returns to good standing after completing the required sanctions, such as suspension and serving a probationary period.

During Days on Campus last April, No Red Tape protested Columbia’s policy on sexual assault by projecting “Would you like a rapist as your RA?” and “Do you want a rapist in your dorm?” on the top of Low Library.

NO CHANGE IN POLICY FOR OTHER STUDENT LEADERSHIP POSITIONS

Other than the change for Columbia RAs, violators can still hold teaching assistant and orientation leader positions at Columbia and Barnard and RA positions at Barnard.

Current OLs, whose responsibilities include welcoming firstyear students to campus and guiding them through the New Student Orientation Program, said this could pose a problem for incoming students.

In fact, some of the first-year programs that OLs lead include sessions about gender-based misconduct and how to minimize it.

“Considering the emphasis during my training … on gender-based misconduct training and going through the Step Up! training program, I think that

students who have been found guilty of that in the past should not be considered to be orientation leaders,” Columbia OL Isabel McGrory-Klyza said.

Current TAs said they are also concerned about this lack of change, especially since they are often responsible for leading discussion sections and grading student work, as well as holding office hours to interact with students in their courses. The Spectator’s investigation in the policy last February found that one such student had been working as a TA. “I think a TA is also supposed to be a role model, so if they’re not showing good conduct outside of the classroom, then that’s probably not going to be helpful for them to be very positive role models for their students either,” Scot McFarlane, a TA in the history department, said.

Some current OLs, RAs, and TAs said that while students should not necessarily be banned

from leadership positions due to past violations of the genderbased misconduct policy, policies for appointments to these positions still need to be clarified.

“If people have committed [violations of the gender-based misconduct policy] and maybe gone through an educational process through that, then maybe they would be able to [serve in student leadership positions],” Barnard OL Brooke Abbott said.

“But I think the policy should be clarified. It should be clear, and it should be accessible to people who are applying.”

For a Columbia OL Elliot Wish, the comfort and safety of those interacting with these leaders remains a crucial consideration.

“If somebody has been found guilty of doing something to make another student feel uncomfortable or not like they are in a safe place, I don’t think they really belong in a leadership position,” Wish said.

BY JULIA CHOI The student group FirstGens@Brown will release a guidebook by the end of winter break aimed at helping first-generation students navigate some challenges of college.

“We wanted to support all first-gen college students on campus,” said Brandon Le, a leader of the project. Manuel Contreras, a Brown Daily Herald editorial page board editor, originally proposed the project but eventually transferred leadership to Le and Stephanie Sanchez, Le said.

First-Gens@Brown board members and recruited student contributors will work together to write the guidebook, Le said.

First-generation students often experience difficulty since “no one in their family has done [college] before,” he said. “Why are we expecting [first-generation students] to know how college works?” he asked.

The guidebook will be “written by first-gens and for first-gens” and “tailored toward their needs,” Sanchez said. It will cover a broad range of topics that could pertain to first-generation students, including office hours, scholarship programs such as the Sidney E. Frank Scholars program, Minority Peer Counselor advising and meal plan, she said.

For first-generation students, going off meal plan may be more financially feasible and allow for greater flex-

COURTESY OF THE COLUMBIA SPECTATOR

Columbia’s Office of Residential Life will ban students found responsible for gender-based misconduct from applying to be an RA.

ibility, as the firstge n e ration status is often linked BROWN with a lower income, Sanchez said.

The guidebook will also aim to spread awareness of summer opportunities.

While many students obtain internships, part-time jobs and research positions for the summer, “navigating that as a first-gen can be very intimidating,” Le said. As a firstgeneration student, Le said at first he “didn’t know how that system worked” and was “shocked that it was normal” to feel that way.

“Sometimes just knowing what’s out there is helpful,” said Vananh Tran, a member of First-Gens@Brown.

First-generation students can also have difficulties when applying to college, as no one in their family has undergone the process, said Gabrielle Alcala, another First-Gens@Brown member.

“The college application process was a lonely experience,” she said.

While the board is still recruiting student contributors, the creation of the guidebook is already underway, Sanchez said.

Many students have shown interest and begun writing, editing and graphic designing, and several pages of the guidebook are complete, she said.

Interested in illustrating for the Yale Daily News?

Yale The Dwight H. Terry

lectureship

Janet Browne

Becoming Darwin

History, Memory, and Biography

CONTACT ASHLYN OAKES AT ashlyn.oakes@yale.edu

tuesday november 3 economist of nature

thursday november 5 stories of a scientific life

tuesday november 10 icon

All lectures at 4:30 pm | Whitney Humanities Center 53 Wall Street, New Haven | Free and open to the public Receptions to follow | (203) 432-2317 | terrylecture.yale.edu r

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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

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Lamphere ’18 sails to national title

BY KEVIN BENDESKY CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Over this past weekend, three of Yale’s sailors competed at the Men’s Singlehanded National Championship, where 18 individuals battled on the Old Dominion waters for the honor of being named the best Laser sailor in the nation.

SAILING When the action of the weekend had concluded and the boats come ashore, Yale’s Malcolm Lamphere ’18 emerged victorious and claimed the national championship.

“It’s a great honor to bring this trophy back to Yale,” Lamphere said. “I could not have done it without the support of the team or my coaches.”

Mitchell Kiss ’17, who placed fifth, and Nicholas Baird ’19, who finished seventh, were the other two finalists for the Bulldogs. Yale tied the College of Charleston for bringing the largest number of sailors of any school to the championship event. No other school sent more than one.

According to Baird, sending three boats demonstrates more than just the top-tier talent of the No. 2 Yale coed sailing team.

“I think it shows that after the three of us qualified for nationals, our training together and support for each other allowed us to outperform so many other teams,” Baird said. “A lot of it is straight

talent, but much of it, too, is effort, that we push each other in a way that doesn’t make us competitive within ourselves.”

Harvard’s Juan Perdomo placed second in the competition, just three points behind Lamphere, after a late charge saw the Crimson junior win the final two races of the 11-race competition. Perdomo finished first in the New England Singlehanded Championship, ahead of all three Yale sailors, which acted as the qualifier for the national championship.

Following Lamphere and Perdomo were two Charleston boats in third and fourth separated by a tiebreaker, before Kiss, who rounded out the top-five. Stefano Peschiera, who won the competition last year, sailed the fourthplace Charleston boat.

In addition to the tight finish between the top two boats, only eight points separated first from fourth place. Peschiera sailed to victory by 26 points over second last year.

“The three of the top four who weren’t from Yale are all current Olympic hopefuls or have already qualified for the Games from their respective countries,” Baird said.

“Nevin Snow, who was last year’s College Sailor of the Year, got eighth [this year]; the fleet was extremely hard.”

In 2014, Lamphere placed fourth, but this year a strong stretch of races helped earn him the title. On Saturday, Lamphere got off on the wrong foot, finishing in eighth in the first race of the

competition. But over the next five races, the Lake Forest, Illinois native did not finish outside the top three, highlighted by a victory in the third race of the championship.

Lamphere maintained his place atop the leaderboard from the fourth race through the eighth, but faltered in the ninth race with an 11th-place result that momentarily knocked him out of first.

Heading into the final two races in second place, Lamphere finished in second and third, respectfully, to climb back into first.

While other sailors such as Perdomo won more races, Lamphere’s eight top-three finishes over the weekend were enough to earn the Eli the national crown.

In conquering such a talented fleet of sailors, Lamphere attributed much of his win to his teammates and coaches.

“Bill [Healy] and Zack [Leonard] were amazing in guiding me to a great performance, as well as [Kiss] and [Baird], who were essential in my performance this weekend,” Lamphere said. “They were great competitors as well as great teammates who were crucial in my success this weekend.”

The remainder of the coed team as well as the women’s squad had the weekend off. Both the coed and women’s teams will head to Old Dominion to compete in the Atlantic Coast Championship this weekend.

Contact KEVIN BENDESKY at kevin.bendesky@yale.edu .

COURTESY OF WILLIAM HEALY

Malcolm Lamphere ’18 bested 17 other sailors last weekend to win the Singlehanded National Championship.

Bulldogs swim, Bears sink in Ivy opener

BY ANDRÉ MONTEIRO CONTRIBUTING REPORTER The Yale men’s and women’s swimming and diving teams each emerged victorious in their Ivy League openers this past Saturday at Yale’s Kiphuth Exhibition Pool.

A sound 403–192 defeat of Brown — the men won 211–89 while the women won 192–103 — displayed the wealth of returning talent and showcased a promising freshman class as Yale swept its opening weekend for the second year in a row.

SWIMMING & DIVING The Bulldogs took almost every event of the meet, claiming 14 of the 16 events on the men’s side while the women were victorious in 14 of 17.

“We’re really excited about where we are right now at this point in the season,” swimmer Paulina Kaminski ’18 said. “It was our first meet and we’re feeling pretty good about the outlook for the rest of the season. We did well last year but we’re looking for steady improvements going forward so we can do well in Ivies.”

The meet opened up with a pair of diving events, starting with the women’s 3-meter and men’s 1-meter dives. The Yale divers started off strong with a 1-2-3 finish for the women, where Lilybet MacRae ’17 took first place, McKenna Tennant ’18 followed in second and Olivia Loucks ’17 rounded off the trio.

MacRae’s first-place finish of 312.01 was six points higher than her performance in last year’s Ivy opener against Columbia.

The victory is another impressive accomplishment in the third-year diver’s career. MacRae already holds the pool records at Yale for both the 3-meter and 1-meter at 344 and 320 points, respectively.

“I think it was a great start to the year and is going to give our team a lot of positive momentum moving into our next meet,” MacRae said. “I dove better than

QUICK HITS

I expected for the first meet. I’m excited because it was a stronger start than the previous two years and this is a promising start to the season leading up to the Ivy championships and to NCAA zones which I qualified for on Saturday.”

The swimming portion of the schedule began with the 200-yard medley relay, where the Bulldogs’ A and B teams clinched first and third place for both the men and the women. The relay race demonstrated a balanced distribution across class years, as six freshmen, five sophomores, three juniors and two seniors teamed up for the Yale victories.

Following the medley, the distance swimming began with the 1000-yard freestyle. Eva Fabian ’16 and Cailley Silbert ’18 finished in first and second with a 0.22 second margin between their touches, and over 16 seconds faster than any other competitor. The duo’s finishing order was reversed but their finishes were even closer for the 500-yard freestyle later in the day, with a 0.17 second split.

A parallel story of senior and sophomore pushing each other took place in the men’s events.

Brian Hogan ’16 and Kei Hyogo ’18 finished first and second, respectively, in the 1000-yard freestyle with a 0.29 second difference between their times, and Hyogo later edged out Hogan in the 500yard freestyle by 0.12 seconds.

“Kei has come in and he’s a huge factor on the team,” Kaminski said of the sophomore swimmer. “[Hyogo and Hogan] are really good training partners. He’s really influenced the distance program, he made NCAAs and he’s looking to get top-eight [at NCAAs] this year.”

Newcomer Scott Bole ’19 came out strong in the 200-yard freestyle, following up a strong performance on the winning team in the opening relay. He later took the 100-yard butterfly and contributed to the Elis’ victory in the 400-yard relay that closed out the day’s competition. Bole’s perfor-

YALE FENCING FRESHMAN EFFORTS HIGHLIGHT OPENING WEEKEND At the Garret Penn State Open, freshmen provided the top performances in Yale’s opening weekend. Foil Sarah Pak ’19 earned a second-place finish while saber Walter Musgraves ’19 finished in fifth in their respective events.

BLUE DOMINANCE IN THE POOL FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD-PLACE FINISHES FOR YALE AND BROWN

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WOMEN’S EXCLUDES FINAL TWO RACES IN WHICH, AFTER WIN WAS CLINCHED, YALE’S TIMES DID NOT OFFICIALLY COUNT MIRANDA ESCOBAR/PRODUCTION & DESIGN ASSISTANT

mance was one of several freshman efforts that contributed to the wins on Saturday.

In the 200-yard butterfly and the 50-yard freestyle events, Carrie Heilbrun ’19, Bella Hindley ’19 and Cassidy Richards ’19 all picked up points for the Bulldogs.

The men and women earned victories in all of the first 10 events of the day, until the women nearly got shut out of a podium finish in the 100-yard breaststroke.

Kaminski managed to come back during the event to snag a thirdplace result and earn the Bulldogs three points.

“After the first 50, I was behind and after that turn I knew I had to have a really big second 50 and a

good comeback,” Kaminski said. “I brought it home and hoped for the best and it came out pretty well.”

Kaminski came out even stronger in the 200-yard breaststroke, finishing nearly three seconds ahead of second place in what she described as her “favorite event.”

In the men’s 200-yard breaststroke, Jonathan Rutter ’18 and Derek Kao ’18 finished with only 0.30 seconds between their touches.

Midway through the meet, the divers returned to the deck and switched boards. With the women at the 1-meter height, MacRae again took home first with a score of 316.57. Hannah Walsh ’19 claimed second place while Ten-

EMILIE KATZ ’17 UNANIMOUS ALL-IVY SELECTION In her first season as the starting goalkeeper for the Yale field hockey team, Katz earned a unanimous selection to the All-Ivy first team. Katz is second in the nation in saves per game and is fifth in the country in save percentage.

nant finished in third.

“It was a great way to kick off the season,” Walsh said. “Having our first Ivy meet at home was nice because it was so familiar.”

For the men’s 3-meter dive, James McNelis ’16 came in first and Wayne Zhang ’18 earned the Elis another two points thanks to his fourth-place finish.

When swimming resumed, both the Bulldog men and women continued to earn first-place finishes, with notable 200-yard backstroke performances from both teams. Both the men and women swept the top three positions in the event, with the men led by Shawn Nee ’18, Kevin Stang ’16 and Ed Stolarski ’19 while the

women were carried by Michelle Chintanaphol ’17, Olivia Jameson ’17 and Lilla Felix ’19.

While Brown’s women earned two victories in the final events of the day, it was because Yale had already clinched the meet and the Elis’ times were thus considered exhibition times and did not count toward the official scoring.

The swimming and diving teams will take to the road for their next meet against Columbia. The women will compete on Friday while the men will take to the pool on Saturday for another Ivy meeting.

Contact ANDRÉ MONTEIRO at andre.monteiro@yale.edu .

“It’s a great honor to bring this trophy back to Yale.”

MALCOLM LAMPHERE ’18 YALE COED SAILING

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

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Yale athletics ramps up support initiatives

JULIA HENRY/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR

Though high-profile events such as the home Harvard-Yale men’s basketball game are often well-attended, Yale administrators and student leaders are exploring initiatives to get fans to more Yale contests.

BY DANIELA BRIGHENTI STAFF REPORTER A dunk contest, prize giveaways and an intense game of knockout brought over 100 fans, new and returning alike, to the stands of the John J. Lee Amphitheater at the end of October as the Yale men’s and women’s basketball teams prepared to launch their seasons.

The event, called “Blue Madness,” was one of many recent campus efforts to raise student support for Yale athletic events.

Initiatives spearheaded by multiple groups, including the Yale athletics administration, the Yale Student Athlete College Council and the Whaling Crew — a non-athlete organization that supports Yale athletics — have aimed to increase excitement around Yale athletics and promote higher student attendance

rates, head coach of men’s basketball James Jones said.

“We are actively trying to increase attendance at our events,” said Senior Associate Athletic Director Jeremy Makins, who handles ticketing, marketing and rink operations. “We would love for our teams to compete in front of an enthusiastic and energetic fan base, and students play an integral role in creating that atmosphere.”

In addition to Blue Madness, specific initiatives started recently have included “Yale Up!,” an annual pep rally now in its second year that introduces freshmen to Yale athletics at the beginning of the school year, as well as “Bulldog Rewards,” a fan loyalty app that rewards students for attendance at events with prizes such as restaurant gift cards and t-shirts.

With the goal of increas-

ing student attendance at athletic events in mind, the athletic administration has also developed an active and engaging relationship with the Whaling Crew — founded in 2011 — supporting the organization in “any way possible,” Makins said. This fall the group introduced events such as Whaling Crew-organized football tailgates, a bus trip to Massachusetts for the Head of the Charles Regatta and a cookout on Old Campus prior to the Yale volleyball season.

Makins added that the administration has been pleased with Bulldog Rewards, and that it has been a useful tool for informing fans about upcoming events. He added that they are still working to continue building awareness for the app. According to the Bulldog Rewards online leaderboard, at least 40 members of the program have signed in and

earned points — by interacting on social media, signing up or attending events — in the last seven days.

The initiatives come at a time when, according to coaches, student-athletes and other students interviewed, support for athletics is at an unsatisfactory level.

Of 14 students interviewed, four students said they attend more than two athletic events each semester, and just one said he attends more than five events per semester. Ten students said that in the fall, they usually attend the Harvard-Yale football game and occasionally one more event that semester. And all students interviewed noted that Yale athletics do not receive enough support from the student body.

“I truly don’t believe the Yale student body supports athletics as much as it should,” captain of the men’s basketball team Jack

Montague ’16 said.

Matthew Sant-Miller ’17, president of the Whaling Crew, said that the organization’s approach to increasing student support for athletics is threepronged — it includes improving the experience at games for students, keeping students up-todate about upcoming events and results and bringing the campus together into a unified community.

However, no students interviewed said a lack of excitement for sports was their reason for not attending events. Instead, all 14 students cited time constraints and the company of friends as the most relevant reasons for deciding whether to attend an event.

“Yalies are very busy and often split between many commitments on any given night,” Adam Lowet ’18, communica-

tions director of the Whaling Crew, said. “Part of the dynamism of this campus is that people are involved in so many different groups, from theater and the arts to improv to Greek life.”

Other students also said they would attend more sporting events if they had more time to do so.

Makins said according to his records for ticketed events, there is usually an average of 500 students at men’s hockey games, 225 at men’s basketball games and 750 at football games. He added that student attendance increases when Yale plays rival Harvard — football attendance often surpasses 5,000 students and basketball and hockey both increased by hundreds of students.

Contact DANIELA BRIGHENTI at daniela.brighenti@yale.edu .

Elis close fall against national powerhouses

BY NICOLE WELLS STAFF REPORTER The Yale women’s tennis team closed its fall season in Evanston, Illinois this past weekend, travelling the farthest the team has gone all season to compete in the Wildcat Fall Duals Cup.

WOMEN’S TENNIS An undefeated doubles performance by Carol Finke ’18 and Caroline Lynch ’17 — who had three straight victories in the three-day event — highlighted a weekend in which the Bulldogs went 5–12 overall in singles matches and 5–5 in doubles.

Playing against three opponents that were NCAA Tournament contenders last spring, Yale fell 6–1 to the hosting Northwestern, defeated DePaul 4–3 and lost 4–3 to Oklahoma.

“I think we performed well overall,” captain Ree Ree Li ’16 said. “Our team improved each day. We competed hard and had really tough, close matches, and I believe that we’re on the right path.”

Nine of the 13 Elis flew to Northwestern for the culmination of their fall season. Five of these players had not competed since the Bulldog Invitational at the beginning of October, while the other four recently played in the USTA/ITA Regional Championship two weeks prior to the tournament in Illinois.

Despite going up against the steadfast confidence of three defending conference champions — including a Northwestern team that has won 17 consecutive Big Ten titles — Finke and Lynch were able to maintain a winning streak for their doubles pairing throughout the entire weekend.

The pair rattled off wins of 6–3 over its Northwestern foe, 6–4 over DePaul and, in the weekend’s finale on Sunday, 6–3 over Oklahoma.

The performance occurred even though Finke and Lynch have never been paired together before the weekend. Lynch said that before performing at Northwestern, she had practiced with Finke just once.

“We just clicked,” Lynch said.

“We are both playing really well

right now, and I think a combination of smart strategy and good execution lead us to victories this weekend.”

Finke added that head coach Matej Zlatkovic has particularly focused on preparing the doubles teams this season, and that he devotes at least one practice session a week to doubles drills.

Elsewhere in the tournament, Finke added another win to her record in singles on Sunday, defeating a DePaul opponent 0–6, 6–3, 7–5 in dramatic comeback fashion. Madeline Hamilton ’16 also finished her tournament on a high note in the final day, gaining both a doubles victory alongside Li and a singles victory after two losses earlier in the weekend.

Li also tacked on a singles victory against DePaul on Saturday, the same day when her teammate Tina Jiang ’17 won both at No. 1 in singles and at No. 2 in doubles with Valerie Shklover ’18. Shklover rounded out the list of wins for Yale on Friday with a 6–1, 2–6, 6–4 victory in the final ladder slot against Northwestern.

“All of the matches this week-

STAT OF THE DAY 1

end were good,” Hamilton said.

“We competed well as a team and had solid performances on many different courts over the course of the weekend. DePaul was particularly good because we picked up the team win.”

After dropping 12 of the 17 singles matches, Hamilton noted that stronger singles play, in addition to more optimal doubles pairings, could potentially contribute to success in the spring season.

Li added that improved strategy will be key for the Elis to improve their game.

“Our coach, Matej [Zlatkovic], has really emphasized belief,” Li said. “He has complete belief in us as a team, and we saw how competitive we were with these top, nationally ranked teams, but we just need to believe it.

So that’s something else we are focusing on as a team.”

The Bulldogs will not compete again until Jan. 22, 2015 at the ITA Kick-Off Weekend in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

Contact NICOLE WELLS at nicole.wells@yale.edu .

COURTESY OF YALE ATHLETICS

Playing against three opponents that made the NCAA Tournament last year, the Elis went 2–1 in their final performance of the fall.

THE POSITION AT WHICH COED SAILOR MALCOLM LAMPHERE ’18 FINISHED AT THE MEN’S SINGLEHANDED NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP THIS PAST WEEKEND. Lamphere claimed the national title over 17 other sailors, including two from Yale, competing at Old Dominion.

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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

BULLETIN BOARD

TODAY’S FORECAST Rain, mainly after 10am. High near 59.

Northeast wind 6 to 10 mph. Chance of precipitation is 80%.

TOMORROW

THURSDAY

High of 55, low of 41.

High of 56, low of 46.

DOONESBURY BY GARRY TRUDEAU

ON CAMPUS TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 10 7:00 PM The Graduate Poets Reading Series: J.D. McClatchy.

Come hear poetry by J.D. McClatchy. Praised for his polished, erudite surfaces as well as the depths of thought, philosophy and feeling beneath the facade, McClatchy treats subjects as diverse as Japanese history, the body and his own autobiography. LinslyChittenden Hall (63 High St.), Rm. 211.

7:00 PM Storytelling with Bear Bergman. Join Bear Bergman — an activist, performer, gender-jammer and award-winning author — for a unique storytelling performance centered on gender identity and the intersection of his Jewish and queer identities. Joseph Slifka Center for Jewish Life at Yale (80 Wall St.), Second Floor.

WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 11

THINK ABOUT IT... BY FRANCIS RINALDI

12:30 PM Yale Veterans Day Ceremony. Students, faculty, and staff are invited to gather on Beinecke Plaza to celebrate Yale veterans, past and present. Speakers include President Salovey, Secretary and Vice President for Student Life Kim-Goff Crews and Yale Law School student and U.S. Air Force veteran Ashley Anderson. A brass quartet will perform the national and service anthems and echoing taps will be played. Beinecke Plaza (121 Wall St.).

5:00 PM “What the Humanities Know.” Writers, artists and humanist scholars are testing in new ways what the humanistic disciplines know about the world. Amy Hungerford, professor of English and American studies, will discuss the growing edges of humanistic thought as part of the James Kenney Lecture Series.

Sterling Memorial Library (120 High St.), Beaumont Rm.

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To visit us in person 202 York St. New Haven, Conn. (Opposite JE) FOR RELEASE NOVEMBER 10, 2015

Los Angeles Times Daily Crossword Puzzle

CLASSIFIEDS

CROSSWORD Edited by Rich Norris and Joyce Lewis ACROSS 1 __ Khan: Rita Hayworth’s husband 4 Composure 10 Turkish title of honor 14 Life story, briefly 15 Cigar-smoking George’s spouse 16 Swag 17 *One of three in a daily diet 19 Former Mississippi senator Trent 20 Where sailors go 21 Like a disengaged engine 23 Plant anchor 24 *A roll of two, in craps 26 Bring up, as a topic 29 Grant permission 30 “Dig in” 31 Glacial historic period 34 The Macarena, pet rocks, etc.

35 Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers, e.g., and, literally, what the first words of the answers to starred clues can be 39 One, to Beethoven 40 Regular practice 41 Quagmire 42 Fed. assistance program 44 Key related to D major 48 *Opening night “Best of luck!”

52 Pear center 53 __ powder 54 Unevenly balanced 57 Confident “Are you the one for this job?” response 58 *Guffaw from the gut 60 Copenhagen native 61 Abode that’s abuzz

11/10/15

By Janice Luttrell

62 Hawaii’s Mauna __ 63 Those, to José 64 Shorthand pros 65 Sinusitis-treating MD DOWN 1 Soak up 2 Bar bottle contents 3 “I’m not the only one?”

4 Farming prefix 5 Air Force One VIP 6 Metal-threaded fabrics 7 Atlantic or Pacific 8 Soccer star Hamm 9 Resemble 10 TV’s “Kate & __” 11 Name on a blimp 12 Detective’s promising clues 13 Swears to 18 Reaches 22 Trawling gear 25 Red flag 27 300, to Caesar 28 “__ Haw” 32 March follower 33 Moo goo __ pan

Monday’s Puzzle Solved

SUDOKU RESISTING DOMINO’S PIZZA

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yale institute of sacred music presents

jacqueline osherow

Lifting the Gemstones: Writing Contemporary Poems in the Biblical Tradition Yale Literature & Spirituality Series The Lana Schwebel Memorial Lecture in Religion and Literature Book-signing follows Thursday, November 12 路 5:30 pm Marquand Chapel (409 Prospect St.) Free; no tickets required. Presented in collaboration with the Yale Divinity Student Book Supply. ism.yale.edu

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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Vitamin D gives brain protection to MS patients

BY MAYA CHANDRA CONTRIBUTING REPORTER A new Yale co-authored study links higher vitamin D levels to possible neuroprotection for individuals suffering from multiple sclerosis.

The study, published last Saturday in the European Journal of Neurology, draws a connection between higher vitamin D levels in the blood and higher gray matter levels in the brain. For individuals with MS, low vitamin D levels are linked to relapses and lesions in the brain, wrote principal investigator Ellen Mowry, neurology professor at Johns Hopkins University, in a Saturday email to the News.

The National Multiple Sclerosis Society, a funder of the research, is currently involved in many studies attempting to ascertain the exact relationship between vitamin D and the causes and symptoms of MS, according to the National MS Society website.

“Higher levels of vitamin D in the blood are associated with a lower amount of loss of brain tissue over the course of the study. If this association is true, vitamin D supplementation could be studied as a way to prevent damage to the actual brain tissue,” Mowry said.

MS occurs less frequently in regions closer to the equator, where the exposure to sunlight and to vitamin D is higher, Mowry said. She added that her study aims to further validate that connection between vitamin D levels and MS. However, according to Scott Zamvil, neurology professor at the University of California, San Francisco and co-author on the paper, it is unclear whether vitamin D’s connection to MS is a causal relationship or simply a correlation.

The research was con-

ducted using data from a 2012 study for which Zamvil was the principle investigator. From the data set collected for that study, 65 individuals were eligible for Mowry’s research, Zamvil said. The MRI data for those individuals was analyzed to measure gray matter volume in the brain and brain atrophy — the loss of brain tissue over time.

“The MRI was used to identify an association between the levels of vitamin D and changes we know are happening in brains with MS,” said Emmanuelle Waubant, co-author of the study and neurology professor at the University of California, San Francisco.

The researchers looked at new lesions in the brain, which indicate relapses, and measures of atrophy in the brain.

The strongest correlation was drawn between lower vitamin D levels and high levels of brain atrophy, Waubant said, though she added that this does not confirm causality, since there may be another factor that leads to both low vitamin D levels and high brain atrophy.

The study is one of many looking at the role of vitamin D in MS, and has implications for both the understanding of the causes of the disease and the value of vitamin D supplements in treating it, Waubant said. Vitamin D supplements are already used for MS patients with unusually low vitamin D levels, but there are currently trials ongoing to see how those supplements in different forms can be used to treat the disease overall, Waubant added.

Multiple sclerosis is two to three times more likely to occur in women than in men, according to the National MS Society.

Contact MAYA CHANDRA at maya.chandra@yale.edu .

YANNA LEE/CONTRIBUTING ILLUSTRATOR

Avoidance behavior reduces disease transmission

BY RACHEL TREISMAN CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Reducing time spent in public places can mitigate the transmission of infectious diseases, according to a recently published Yale co-authored study.

The study, which examined “voluntary avoidance behavior”

during the 2009 H1N1 swine flu epidemic, found that the average American spent roughly 22 extra minutes at home during the peak of the outbreak, thereby reducing the spread of the illness by 13 percent. Using data from the American Time Use Survey, researchers determined that avoidance behavior minimized

the impact of the epidemic and may be critical in preventing the transmission of infectious disease, which carries larger implications for public health policy.

“We think it is important to understand how people adapt their behavior and what this means for the rate at which diseases burn through human pop-

ulations,” said Nicolai Kuminoff, economics professor at Arizona State University and study coauthor.

The study’s authors began by gathering data to test the hypothesis that people spent more time at home in order to avoid contracting swine flu, said Jude Bayham, study co-author

CAROLINE TISDALE/STAFF ILLUSTRATOR

and agricultural business professor at California State University, Chico. They formulated a regression model to examine the relationship between the time spent at home and the increase in the number of reported flu cases, he added.

Using the ATUS data — information gathered from a stratified random sample of Americans since 2003 that reports what individuals did throughout the day — researchers concluded that the average person spent more than 20 extra minutes at home during the peak of the epidemic in 2009. In contrast, the average individual spent 34.37 extra minutes at home during “extreme weather events” such as snowstorms.

“We found that in 2009, the epidemic was as mild as it would have been during any period before or after,” said Eli Fenichel, bioeconomics and ecosystem management professor at the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies. “This tells us that people had to have been adjusting their behavior, because when we projected the same biology on the behaviors that existed in other time periods, the epidemic was worse.”

As a result of this voluntary adjustment of behavior, the swine flu outbreak was relatively contained compared to what it could have been during the peak point if people had not restricted their time outside the home, according to the researchers. The idea of “social distancing” policies, or the ways in which individuals change their behaviors to reduce risk of disease, could play an important role in public health policy, according to study authors.

According to Timothy Reluga, mathematics and biology professor at Pennsylvania State University, social distancing behaviors can range from the simple to the complex — such as washing hands, wearing masks, selfquarantine and even workplace and school closures.

“The general pro is that social distancing reduces the risk of infection for you and for other people,” Reluga said. “The con is that it’s human instinct to interact with others, and social dis-

tancing goes against this. It’s a cost of what makes us happy or not, and there are also direct monetary costs to staying home from work or school.”

Because social distancing carries both risks and benefits, researchers said they were motivated to examine voluntary behavior with the right baseline so that policymakers can develop more accurate estimates for the economic benefits of these policies.

According to Kuminoff, these findings suggest that medical researchers and policymakers should consider human adaptive behavior when developing health policies so that they can better account for the economic benefits of these policies.

“In terms of policy, this means that when we are evaluating costs and benefits of social distancing policies, we need to be careful to measure benefits against the proper baseline, which includes some voluntary avoidance behavior,” Bayham said.

But Fenichel said that the implementation of such policies should vary for different epidemics.

This study also carries implications for average members of the population and the way that they respond to the risk of disease. In worrying about their personal risk and taking precautions by staying inside, individuals actually reduced the spread of the swine flu, according to the study.

“In some of our theoretical models, we’ve shown that people choosing what’s best for them could actually work better than trying to get everyone to behave the same,” Fenichel said. “People are different and will make different decisions in regard to what’s best for them and have the least disruption for them personally.”

Bayham and Fenichel are continuing their work on this topic with research into other forms of social distancing, Fenichel said.

The study was published in Proceedings of The Royal Society B on Oct. 28.

Contact RACHEL TREISMAN at rachel.treisman@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 13

“The three great essentials to achieve anything worth while are: hard work, stick-toitiveness, and common sense.”

THOMAS EDISON INVENTOR

Study unlocks path to understanding endometriosis

BY GRACE CASTILLO STAFF REPORTER Scientists are one step closer to understanding endometriosis, a common women’s health problem, thanks to new research

from the Yale School of Medicine.

Endometriosis, a disease in which the tissue lining the uterus grows in other areas of women’s bodies, often causes pain, scarring and infertil-

ity. Even though the disease is relatively common — according to the National Institutes of Health, it affects between 6 and 10 percent of women — very little is understood about its underlying causes, accord-

ing to authors of a recent study on the topic. In order to discover more about the effects of endometriosis on the body, Yale researchers studied mice that had endometrial tissue in different areas of their bodies.

LAURIE WANG/STAFF ILLUSTRATOR

They found that the extra endometrial tissue’s distance from the uterus affected gene expression in the mice, with more distant tissue having a lesser but still pronounced effect on gene expression, regulating endometrial development during the menstrual cycle and establishing conditions necessary for embryo implantation. These results point to an understanding of endometriosis as a systemic disease with far-reaching effects on the entire body.

According to Hugh Taylor ‘83, one of the authors of the study and an Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences professor at the Yale School of Medicine, the researchers aimed to see how endometriosis could have larger, systemic effects.

“Could there be a signal that comes from endometriosis that affects the uterus and all the other areas people complain about? Is this really a systemic disease that has far-reaching manifestations, or is, as traditionally thought, this just a local disease?” Taylor asked.

Researchers created endometriosis in two different groups of young mice. In the first group, they introduced endometrial tissue close to the uterus, creating “proximal endometriosis.”

In the second group, researchers inserted the tissue farther away, creating “distal-site endometriosis.” Researchers waited three months and then examined the uteri from the mice, extracting RNA to get a better understanding of how the different types of endometriosis affected the mice’s gene expression. Although mice with proximal endometriosis had more dramatic decreases in gene expression than did mice with distal-site endometriosis, both groups of mice demonstrated decreased expression in progesterone receptors compared to the control group. Progesterone is one of the hormones that plays an important role in conception and pregnancy, Taylor said.

The researchers’ findings

suggest that endometriosis is a systemic disease, according to Taylor. Although distal-site endometriosis affected gene expression less than proximal endometriosis did, it still changed how the body operated, the researchers said. Furthermore, both forms of endometriosis affected progesterone receptors, meaning that this gene is likely regulated at least in part by systemic signals — far-reaching signals that affect the entire body, Taylor said.

The whole-body inflammation induced by endometriosis of both forms likely plays into this.

Yet another complicating factor is that endometrial tissue throughout the body can soak up the body’s low levels of circulating stem cells, keeping them from reaching the endometrial tissue lining the uterus, according to the paper. This lack of stem cells traveling to the uterus could prevent repair within the uterus, further contributing to the altered gene expression the researchers observed in mice, according to the study.

Ramana Mamillapalli, one of the authors of the study and a researcher at the School of Medicine, said that the typical symptoms of endometriosis include pelvic pain, painful periods with excessive bleeding, infertility and pain during intercourse.

The study points both toward further research and towards potential future cures, Mamillapalli said.

“Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that are influencing systemic alterations may allow for a better understanding of the totality of this disease as well as allow for novel targeted therapies including stem cells,” Mamillapalli said.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the first sign of endometriosis for many women may be trouble getting pregnant.

Contact GRACE CASTILLO at grace.castillo@yale.edu .

Professor finds likely key to cure for pulmonary hypertension

BY CLAIRE VICTORIA ONG CONTRIBUTING REPORTER According to a recent Yale coauthored study that was conducted at the Yale School of Medicine, research on smooth muscle cell progenitors could be the key to finding a cure for pulmonary hypertension.

Pulmonary hypertension is a disease in which patients experience high blood pressure in the blood vessels of their lungs. This high blood pressure in the lungs can lead to heart failure in the right side of the heart and ultimate deterioration of patient health, said Daniel Greif, professor of medicine in the cardiology department at the School of Medicine. Yale researchers performed a study on the cardiovascular system of mice and found that a specialized cell known as a “progenitor” is responsible for increasing lung vessels’ blood pressure by making smooth muscle cells in these vessels — a place where smooth muscle cells should not exist. According to the study, pulmonary hypertension can be prevented if the gene that causes the progenitor to become a muscle cell is deleted.

According to Greif, prior research found that during pulmonary hypertension, smaller blood vessels of the lungs — known as arterioles — muscularize, or gain muscle. This muscularization in the arterioles, he said, leads to increased blood pressure in all of the blood vessels of the lung, and eventually leads to pulmonary hypertension.

“One of the key questions [of the Yale study] is where do the excess smooth muscle cells on the distal, small blood vessels come from? How did they get there? What’s controlling that process?” Greif said.

To find the answers to those questions, Abdul Sheikh, a postdoctoral fellow in the department of cardiology at the School of Medicine, turned to mice. He experimented on the cardiovascular systems of mice because they can be genetically manipulated, meaning their genes can be altered and tagged, he said. Sheikh examined the disease while it was living and progressing in the mice subjects, making the mice a very powerful model for studying hypertension, he added.

According to Sheikh, the research-

ers performed this study by first placing the mice in low oxygen conditions.

The low oxygen environment causes the arterioles in the lungs to muscularize in areas where they typically do not have muscle, Sheikh said. They then observed the mice cells’ behavior by tagging them with a fluorescent dye that allowed them to trace the movements of the cells over time.

If many cells had moved, there would have been a multitude of colors seen in the arteriole, but only one color dye was found in the arteriole. These results were surprising, Sheik said.

“All the new muscles that [appeared in the arterioles] have the same color. Out of all of these cells, only one is migrating,” Sheikh said.

In the study, the researchers analyzed this single migrating cell and found that it was special — this cell was “primed to muscularize,” Sheikh said. These cells had a signature similar to smooth muscle cells but with an added PDGF-B receptor, he said.

When a PDGF-B growth factor is released by another cell, the receptor, which receives the factor, sends a signal for the cell to initiate its migration to the arteriole. This cell, called a smooth muscle cell progenitor, then expresses the gene KLF4. KLF4 causes the cell to continue dividing, creating many new smooth muscle cells in the arteriole, thereby muscularizing the arteriole.

“Now we can think of therapeutic interventions because that is a very important gene. If we delete this gene, perhaps we can stop this muscularization process,” Sheikh said.

Sheikh said that when researchers deleted the KLF4 gene in the progenitor cell in mice models, the cell did not divide. But when the PDGF-B receptor gene was deleted, the progenitor cell did not even migrate to the arteriole — thus, the process of muscularization could never even begin.

About one in four deaths in the United States is due to cardiovascular disorders, including pulmonary hypertension, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The CDC also reported that though treatments exist for pulmonary hypertension, no cure exists for the disease.

Contact CLAIRE VICTORIA ONG at clairevictoria.ong@yale.edu .

CATHERINE BUI/CONTRIBUTING ILLUSTRATOR

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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

MARCH FOR RESILIENCE

M

onday at 2 p.m., over 1,000 community members — undergraduate and graduate students, faculty and New Haven residents — marched from the Afro-American Cultural Center, walking past the other three cultural houses as lines of students linked arms to keep the streets momentarily free from traffic. Ending on Cross Campus, the students chanted: “We out here, we’ve been here, we ain’t leaving, we are loved.” ELIZABETH MILES and DENIZ SAIP report.

LEFT TO RIGHT, ROW 1 DENIZ SAIP/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER , ELIZABETH MILES/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER; ROW 2 MILES, SAIP; ROW 3 MILES, MILES; ROW 4 SAIP, SAIP