Things You Need To Know About Land Records Digitization
Keeping track of land records is like wielding a two-edged sword: accurate records could spark a revolution. But inaccurate records might cause disputes and difficulties. According to a report by Land Conflict Watch, about Rs. 26 lakh crores in potential investments are thought to be impacted by land disputes in India. The benefits outweigh the costs; thus, the government must continue to exercise proper land regulation. For many administrations, digitizing land records has been a top goal. An independent core sector initiative was established in 2008 to address the problems. Additional issues with land governance need to be addressed at the same time.
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What Does Digitization of Land Mean?
India's land record system has experienced numerous distinct problems. These include Legacy issues, a lack of administrative power, and other legal shortcomings. At both the political and personal levels, the land sector is currently dealing with unprecedented difficulties.
The National Land Records Modernization Programme (NLRMP), a project with governmental assistance, was authorized by the Indian government in 2008 to address these issues. Later, the name of this programme was changed to Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme (DILRMP). On April 1, 2016, a central sector programme became operational. A 14-digit unique identification number, also known as the Unique Land Parcel Identification Number, can be used to identify any land parcel under this programme (ULPIN).
Benefits of digitizing land records
The most recent information on land ownership will be available to the public.
The information is published on sites with the appropriate security IDs. The property owners now have unrestricted access to their records. Additionally, they don't worry about data security.
The amount of time that citizens & government officials interact will decrease with open access to documents. Bribes and harassment will decline as a result.
The time needed to obtain RoRs and other documents will be greatly decreased through IT linkages.
Citizens will save time and effort by using the single-window service access to obtain RoRs and other papers.
The range of fraudulent real estate transactions will be limited by automated and automatic mutations.
Conclusive titling will also reduce litigation by a large amount.
These records will be impervious to tampering.
E-links to credit facilities will be possible thanks to this technology.
Information about market value will be available to the public online.
Citizens can access certificates based on land data thanks to computers (e.g., domicile, caste, income, etc.).
It will be simple to distribute land passbooks that contain important information.
Challenges with Land Record Digitization:
Land titles are not used in India; instead, registered sale records used.
The right to immovable property (or land) may only be transferred or sold using a registered document in hand, according to the Transfer of Property Act of 1882.
These papers must be registered in accordance with the Registration Act of 1908. As a result, only the transaction is registered rather than the land title.
Land ownership is documented in numerous documents held by various authorities. This makes getting to them challenging.
For instance, sale deeds are held under the registration section. The survey department continues to have the maps. additionally, the revenue division's collection of property taxes.
These divisions run independently. They delay updating data, which causes discrepancies. One must search through several years' worth of documentation to find any ownership claims on a particular piece of property. This results in unjustified and unusual delays.
People choose not to record transactions since registering property is expensive.
When registering a selling deed, the buyer is responsible for paying stamp duty as well as the registration fee.
In India, stamp duty rates vary amongst states from 4% to 10%, as opposed to 1% and 4% in other countries. The registration fee often costs 0.5% to 2% extra.
The Registration Act of 1908 exempts transactions like government land purchases from the requirement for property registration. Additionally, it is not required in cases of heirship divides and short-term leases on property.
The Additional Secretary for India declared that as part of the digitalization of records, all land holdings in the country would be linked to the owners' Aadhaar cards at Geosmart India 2022. Strong laws quickly resolve the issues relating to land. One Nation One Software for land registration is the aim of the endeavour. He stated that more than 60% of all lawsuits in India are related to land issues.
What Makes Land Records Necessary?
According to a 2007 World Bank report, land-related disputes are the cause of about two-thirds of all active legal proceedings in the country. The legality of land titles, documents, and ownership are all in question. According to an NITI Aayog research, it takes 20 years on average to settle a land dispute. Land conflicts add to the court's workload and imprison property in court. This interferes with the businesses and initiatives that rely on these disputed land titles.
Land has typically been used by farmers as loan collateral. The delivery of agricultural financing & credit is hampered by the disputed land titles. More than half of all land is owned by small and marginal farmers. They might not have legitimate land titles and be ineligible for institutional financing. Currently, other uses are being made of the once used for agriculture land. For instance, build businesses, factories, warehouses, roadways, homes, and shopping centres. But land disputes are causing delays in a lot of new developments. Government property continues to be largely wasted. The undeveloped land contains a substantial portion of expensive real estate. This is in a top-notch neighbourhood in a big city. Artificial scarcity has been created through government land hoarding. This is one of the main factors driving up the cost of urban real estate.
When one person holds or transfers property that was originally bought or paid for by another person, it is known as a "benami transaction." According to estimates, the nation's black money is invested in Benami properties. Due to ambiguous titles and outdated land records, property transfers may be conducted in an opaque manner.
Conclusion: Land Records Digitization
Land records management involves two aspects: A revolution might be sparked by accurate and comprehensive land records. However, erroneous records could lead to disagreements and problems. Due to the digitization of land records, the public will have access to the most recent land ownership records. Automated and automatic mutations will restrict the variety of fraudulent real estate transactions. In India, registered sale documents are used in place of land titles.
According to the Transfer of Property Act of 1882, the right to immovable property (or land) may only be transferred or sold through a recorded instrument. Numerous documents held by various authorities provide proof of land ownership. This makes reaching them difficult. As a result, there are advantages and disadvantages to digitizing land records.
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