TOWARDS INCLUSIVE STREET DESIGN WITH INFORMALITY BANDUNG travelling studio Yang Bai 731484
TOWARDS INCLUSIVE STREET DESIGN WITH INFORMALITY BANDUNG travelling studio Yang Bai 731484
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Edited and written by: Yang Bai Idonesia Travelling studio 2015 Supervisor: Sidh Sintusingha and Amanda Achmadi In colloboration with Istitut of Teknologi Bandung & Melbourne School of Design
introduction
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pre-fieldwork
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what is informality
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bandung, indonesia
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fieldwork
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site analysis
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street vendors(PKL)
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proposal
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vendor hut
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weekdays pocket parks
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introduction In this cross cultural and multidiscipline studio we conducted an intense fieldwork in Bandung Indonesia to investigate the underlying factors that prevail in and sustain informal street commerce and urbanism at Jalan Dago, formerly planned by the Dutch in the 19th Century as the colonial neighborhood’s main street. During the field work, we mapped out the morphology of the street at multiple scales, from the urban to the very fine grain of vendor commerce and conducted surveys and interviews with stakeholders to gain deeper local insights and perceptions of the issues. We were also exposed to the policies, plans and practices of local government agencies as well as academic institutions and NGO advocates. After the site analysis, we proposed design/planning possibilities within the multiple interstices between the formal and informal.
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pre-fieldwork
Bandung, indonesia
september 2015
what is informality
Informal Urbanism • However “informal” urbanism does not just relate to the physical aspect of urbanity. Informal economies also play a key part in developing countries. Informal Settlements 1. Areas where groups of housing units have been constructed on land that the occupants have no legal claim to, or occupy illegally; 2. Unplanned settlements and areas where housing is not in compliance with current planning and building regulations (unauthorized housing). Informal Economies • The informal economy is the diversified set of economic activities, enterprises, jobs, and workers that are not regulated or protected by the state. • These are harder to identify however they also must be recognised in the light of implementing any relevant interventions. What is the significance of urban informality? Easy entry, reliance on indigenous resources, family ownership, small-scale operation, labor intensiveness, adapted technology, skills acquired outside the formal school system, and an unregulated and competitive market.
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• Region: Bandung Metropolitan Area: divided into 26 Kecamatan (sub-districts) and 139 Kelurahan (village districts) (Minnery et al 2013) • The BMA is located in a river basin surrounded by volcanoes in the central mountainous plateau region of West Java province and about 700 m above sea level. Designed to accommodate 300,000 people, now accommodates 2.5 million in its inner areas. (Dharmowijoyo et al 2015) • Density: BMA includes a total area of 2.5 million/676 square km in its inner areas.. With its conurbation, it encompasses around 7.89 million/3382 square km. Second largest metropolitan region in Indonesia after the Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA). (Dharmowijoyo et al 2015).
Historical context • Dutch settlers and colonial influences. • Separation of colonised settlement and indigenous population. • Decentralisation of government from the early 20th century (Raksadjaya, 2009). • In 1906, Banding became a municipality under Dutch sovereignty - remnant architecture (Raksadjaya 2009). • Master Plan of 1971 - metropolitan centre surrounded by satellite towns (Siregar, 1990).
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Built form and environment
Economic context
• Like the rest of Indonesia Band has a tropical climate
- Economy built upon tourism, manufacturing, textiles, education
• Due to its higher elevation it is cooler than most Indonesian cities
institutions, retail, pharmaceuticals, food
• It has an average year round temperature of 23.6C degrees
- 50 higher education institutions (popular destination for education in
• The north of the city serves as a water reservoir for 2 millions
Indonesia)
• There have been attempts to reserve this land i.e. the creation of
- Creative-based culture has shaped the economy i.e. cafes, restaurants,
reserves such as the Juanda national park
shopping along Dago Street
• Environmental degradation has contributed to flooding in the city
- Bandung administration to develop 7 industrial and trade areas (focused
• Waste is kept in landfills such as the Leuwigajah dumpsite
on textiles, clothing and food)
• In 2005 heavy rains lead to the second largest waste slide in history,
- Atleast one in every 1000 people works in the informal sector - reliance
burying 71 houses and killing 143 people
on indigenous resources, family ownership, small-scale operation
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fieldwork november 2015
the site: cikapayang dago
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traffic flow
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street sections
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general issues
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future transportation
public infrastructure mapping
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informality mapping
street vendors (pkl)
VENDOR CLU
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1, SCHOOL 2, BAKERY 3, BCA BANK
4, MOVIE PAR
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P P
P
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VENDOR CLUSTER 1, SCHOOL
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2, BAKERY
P
TENT VEND
STREET VE
3, BCA BANK
P
VENDOR ST
MOVING VE
4, MOVIE PARK
INFORMAL
INFORMAL TRANSPOR DERECTOR
2 P P
P
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4
3 VENDOR CLUSTER
P
1
1, SCHOOL 2, BAKERY 3, BCA BANK 4, MOVIE PARK
TENT VENDOR STREET VENDOR
P
VENDOR STORAGE MOVING VENDOR INFORMAL PARKING INFORMAL TRANSPORT DERECTOR
16 2 P P
P
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P
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typology of vendors
food vendors
common items sold
cooked food
number of vendors
operating hours:
10 am - 9 pm
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beverage vendors
common items sold
number of vendors
cigarettes beverages snacks
operating hours:
10am -12pm
tissues
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mobile vendors
common items sold
number of vendors
cooked instant noodles snacks
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operating hours:
8am - 12am
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tent vendors
common items sold
number of vendors
cooked food
operating hours:
5pm - 2am
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location of vendors
vendors usually occupy the footpath. the green belts are not been used.
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interview findings
relationgship between vendors, pedestrains and shops
PKL, outside High School - “I want the government to facilitate the vendors, not just remove them but give them good facilities”
PKL, outside Kartika Sari - “I worked as an employee in the textile factory, but was fired. I chose to be a PKL rather than doing some criminal activities”
Strategies to relocate vendors to a more promising space
Better business prospects Sufficient subsidies to reduce unnecessary stress
Provision of necessary facilities (water, electricity, shelter, etc)
FOOD FOR CUSTOMERS OF SHOPS FORMAL SHOP
VENDOR STORAGE SPACE & WATER
Pedestrians -”We don’t like this street because you cannot walk and talk to your friends as the same time. You have to watch the ground” Redesign of the walking corridor Shared pathways
Pedestrians - “The movie park is comfortable for relaxing. It also provides shelter then its raining”
STORAGE SPACE
Create a linking corridor between new proposed areas Improved physical connectivity Enhanced overall aesthetics
VENDOR
PKL, Movie Park - “I don’t want any changes here”
Retaining certain areas to meet-up with street and local demands
Students - “We do not feel comfortable because there isn’t enough shade”
PEDESTRAINS
CONVENIENT
BLOCK STREET
AFFORDABLE PRODUCTS
WASTE
Designing sheltered pathway Planting big trees with wide canopy cover for natural shade Reducing heat island effect
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proposal january 2016
vendor hut
motorcycle is an important transportation mode in Bandung. motorcycles are usually parked on street when people buy vendor food.
motorcycle parking areas are designed near vendor hubs. we are providing facilities as well as creating boundaries.
"Create boundaries by providing facilities for informality to generate capacity for selforganisation"
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the design is inspired by traditional indonesian architecture. the roofs are efficient during rain seasons.
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the vendor hub will be made with an bamboo sturcture which is light, sturdy, flexible and ecofriendly.
vendor cart can be put into the hub, so vendors don't need to throw their cart away.
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storage spaces are designed in the vendor hub. gas, water and waste can be put in the cabinet.
dining area can be folded and the hub can be closed and locked during non-business hours.
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weekdays pocket parks
we identified some spaces on jalan dago that can be potentially used as public space.
buildings along jalan dago are seperated by fence. open car parking areas can be found in front of some commercial buildings. they are quite empty during week days and will be occupied by cars when the tourists come.
commercial shop bank & organization private car park of commercial shop gated areas potential open space
car park during weekends
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car park during weekdays
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weekdays pocket parks
pocket parks linked by footpath to create new public space network.
using pop-up street furnitures and folding shelters in the parking areas during weekdays to create new urban spaces.
'en-fold', melbourne
'pop-up' street furniture
" informality is flexible, it is constantly changing with time and space. why cant we use flexible designs to deal with the problems? " Mobile Pop-Up Benches , Johannesburg
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reference
1. Gunawan, T. (2010). The City of Bandung and Review of Bandung Spatial Planning Strategies. Accessed 17 September 2015. https://greenimpactindo.wordpress.com/tag/ master-plan-2013-bandung/ 2. Dipa, A. (2013). ‘Bandung to regulate street vendors’ in The Jakarta Post, Bandung. Friday January 2013. Accessed 17th September,2015. http://www.thejakartapost.com/ news/2013/01/18/bandung-regulate-street-vendors.html 3. Roy, A. (2005). ‘Urban Informality: Towards an epistemology of Planning’. Journal of the American Planning Association, 71:2, 147-158. 4. Dharmowijoyo, D, Susilo, Y, Karlström, A, & Adiredja, L 2015, 'Collecting a multi-dimensional three-weeks household time-use and activity diary in the Bandung Metropolitan Area, Indonesia', Transportation Research Part A, 80, pp. 231-246, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, viewed 20 September 2015. 5. Minnery, J, Argo, T, Winarso, H, Hau, D, Veneracion, C, Forbes, D, & Childs, I 2013, 'Slum upgrading and urban governance: Case studies in three South East Asian cities', Habitat International, 39, pp. 162-169, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, viewed 20 September 2015 6. MBUDP (1994) Metopolitan Bandung Urban Development Programme. http://www.easts. info/on-line/proceedings_05/1281.pdf
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ABPL90260 Travelling Studio (Indonesia)