DIGITAL DESIGN + FABRICATION SM1, 2016 Sleeping Pod
Yang Feng 737358 Joshua Group 7
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1.0 Ideation
1.1 Object 1.2 Object + System Analysis 1.3 Sketch design proposal
2.0 Design 2.1 Design development intro 2.2 Digitization + Design proposal v.1 2.3 Precedent research 2.4 Design proposal v.2 2.5 Prototype v.1+ Testing Effects
3.0 Fabrication 3.1 Fabrication intro 3.2 Design development & Fabrication of prototype v2. 3.3 Design development & Fabrication of prototype v3 3.4 Final Prototype development + optimisation 3.5 Final Digital model 3.6 Fabrication sequence 3.7 Assembly Drawing 3.8 Completed 2nd Skin
4.0 Reflection. 5.0 Appendix 5.1 Credit 5.2 Bibliography
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0.0 Introduction Our sleeping pod is built by two part, frame and spikes. We are mainly focusing on sitting position. The site could be any library in campus. Trying to create a defensive space by these spike and using them to protect personal space. Frame is built by human body shape so maximizing the level of comfort when you wear it.
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1.0 IDEATION
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Object
Top secction
The material system of object is section and profiling. The object is a laser cut rocket. It is made by MDF board (3mm) from MSD fablab through a rhino cutting file. The measuring drawing is created by tracing them. The measurement of each piece is made by ruler and analysis function in rhino.
Elevation Height: 355
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system analysis
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Top
Elevation
The digital model is made from the original cutting file. Mainly using the command ‘ExtrudeCrv’. The notch is a important part for this model. All the conncetion are made by these notches. Each part uses the friction force to sick together. By analysis, a space is created inside rocket by these ribs.
Perspective
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Refection In this module, the rhino study helps the current project and future design work. The system analysis make me understand how the technique (section/profiling) apply to the object. It also gives lots of ideas about how to build your sleeping pod. However, all of sketch model and design are disappointing. I tried to build a sleeping pod that can be folded so that people can be easy to carry them. But, at that time, I completely forgot to consider about material in the initial design and also system analysis. According to Jensen’s 300 years of industrial design (2000), the characters of material are important to analysis. Thickness and property (eg. Strength and stiffness) should be researched next time. Also I should think about how the material are related to the connection of each parts in the object analysis and apply to the system. Falling to communicate my idea with the sketch is another problem in this module. More detailed drawing are required in the future and lacking ideas about designing a sleeping pod because I’m not really familiar with the design project ( it is a little bit abstract for me) and analysis for object is insufficient. I should read the examples carefully in the reading.
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2.0 DESIGN Team member: Chi Him Fung
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Design development intro
This idea is developed from last journal. The purpose of this design is producing an isolated personal space and ensuring the security of person. Therefore, the design is like a cage. When you are sleeping, you can put your bag inside the cage in order to protect your personal property. Also I created a few ribs that can hold you head, when you are sleeping so that the level of comfort can be increased. The refine sketch model is ribs that try to fit the shape of human body
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Digitization + Design proposal
The yellow digital model is the first stage of design. It created an isolated personal space, but when you are sleeping on the seat, you back will be very uncomfortable. As a result, in the second design (blue one), I reduced the part of back and built more fixations to the body. Also I create a helmet in order to block the light for you head. This will make you be asleep quickly. I decided use same connection method as the rocket. The notch will connect each rib. What is more, the new design also can ensure the personal security.
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Precedent research
Firstly, the material system of this project is section&profile. It was made by Nylon and polystryrene. By rolling the two bags, the personal space is shifting outside and get bigger. This looks like kind of defence. Also, thick materials around your head can block the sound and light from outside. Finally, people don’t have any views about inside of this design. We want to build several spikes in order to shift the boundary of personal space. These spikes are also kind of defence for your own space. Next steps, we also plan to build a helmet to shield the sound and light from outside enviroment so that isolated space can be created. (Wong&Lopes,
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2.4 Design proposal
Perspective
We have combined our design together in week 5. The sleeping pod is a combination of Yang’s proposed design and Abraham’s 2nd proposed design. The sleeping pod can be wear on both front and back side. As we observed that there are 2 main sleeping position in the library(shown in drawing). We thought that it would be good if there is something to protect the person’s personal space when he/she is sleeping on the desk or laying back on a chair. The top part of the sleeping pod covers the whole head, This shield the light and sound from the user. There are more spikes on the top part because the personal space around the head needs to be protected more. Elevation
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This is a further developed model of the previous model. This sleeping pod can also be wore in the front or on the back, depending on the user’s sleeping position. The section and bone expanded to the top part on the sleeping pod. This makes the sleeping looks more like one sleeping pod, instead of 2 separate part. The top part of the sleeping pod still has the spikes and the same effect as before.
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2.5 Prototype v.1+ Testing Effects
These pyrimides are taken from the spikes on the sleeping pod. As mentioned above, the purpose of creating the spikes is to protect the use’s personal space. We have made two, one big and one small, to see how the size is going to affect the sleeping pod. The bigger spike has a higher height and a larger volume. Visually, it sends a stronger message to the people around. Physically, it protects more of the user’s personal space due to its greater volume. We used this effect on the sleeping pod such that we place larger spikes on more sensitive part of ther body and smaller spikes on less sensitive part of the body.
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Refelction
In this module, we learned how to use paneling tool in rhino. Before this module, I always want to use one step to get the final design or the best design so I always get stuck. After this module, I learned how develop your idea step by step and record any related ideas. As Paul Loh said in lecture, there is no such thing as a bad idea, just poorly executed one. I truly understand this sentence meaning after M2. Moreover, in this module, learning to generate or explore your idea by digital model is another progress that I made. After regrouping, we attempt to use the paneling tool to build all the spikes. At beginning, we think this is an efficient way to create our sleeping pod. But, as a result, all the spikes become very monotonous and boring and paneling tool do waste most of time in our last week before the M2 submission. This causes the change in M3. Another failure is prototype. I still think because our design is insufficient, we don’t even know what we should test in M2 prototype. At that time, we feel a little bit confused about design. Solution for this in future maybe be refined sketch and physical model rather than only digital model. According to Paul Loh’s lecture, performative prototype should be built first in M2 and differentiated effects may suit to shape of spikes.
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3.0 FABRICATION
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Fabrication intro In M2, we have combined our ideas of spikes and frames together. We decided to create a sleeping pod that can protect the user’s back while the user is sleeping on the desk. Our design can also be worn in the front if the user decided to sleep while laying back on a chair. The sleeping is made up of two parts, the frame and the spikes. the frame is used to provide support of the spikes. The spikes are used to protect the user’s personal space and to create an effect to “get people away from the user”. The sleeping pod is used indoors such as library, so we did not consider rain, wind and sunlight in our design, but we mainly focus on the effect of the spikes on the people around the user.
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Design development
Feedback from the tutor saying that the spikes on the back is not enough to protect the person’s personal space. so we added more spikes on the back. We also create a gradient from big to small where the bigger spikes are on the top and the smaller ons are on the bottom. This is because the top part of the back needs more protection. Also, if the big spikes are on the bottom, they will hit the back of the chair.
Another feedback from our tutor is that the spikes on the top of the head do not look like they can be fitted on the frame. We have decided to add some tapes on the spikes so that they can be positioned on the frame using the tape.
Third feedback from our tutor is that we have to think of a way to construct the frame. We decided to add notches on the ribs so that the ribs can lock together using the notches.
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Design development + fabrication of Prototype V.2
For this prototype, we mainly focus on resolving the head part of the sleeping pod. For the frame part, the ribs fit well and they are positioned securely together to form a frame. So we will keep using this method from now on. The spikes fit and positioned well on the frame. Even without sticking the tape on the side of the frame, the spikes do not fall easily. The overall shape of the head part fits well on the head, so it does not need refinement.
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Prototype development
We try to build vertical frame rib for fitting the body shape and use command’ loft’ to create accurate horizontal ribs. After building 3-D models, we use command’ split’ to get all notch out. Finally, we unroll the ribs to get 2-D file for laser cutter. As a result of this, our junction of frame are very accurate and the frame fit body well.
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Prototype optimisation
We chose two types of material in this prototype, mountboard and polypropylene. The effect of the spikes is to protect the user’s personal space and to keep people away from the user. The effect of spikes is stronger using mountboard as it is stiffer than the polypropylene. We have also increased the sizes of the spikes on the back so that it also increases the effect. We have noticed that in this prototype, it does not cover enough area of the back. Also more spikes should be added on the very top of the back to increase the effect.
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Prototype optimisation A1
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Head part notation C3
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Body part notation
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In the digital model, all the spikes are developable, so that they can be easily unrolled using the command ‘unrollsrf’. The tabs are then added to the to the spikes after they are unrolled. Use the command ‘Dupborder’ to get the border of the spike. Every spike has to be labelled carefully so that they do not get mixed up in the laser cut file. After labelling every spike is labelled. Finally, the border of the spikes are put into the laser cut file with the annotation.
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Prototype optimisation
Polypropylene
Without etch
With etch
Mount board
At beginning, we use the laser cutter to cut all the spikes. The laser cutter works for our project but we did not make the etch for the edges of pyramid As a results, they are very difficult to fold or we may damage the surface of spikes by folding it. Also they are not very accurate as we need. After etching all the edge, the outcomes of spikes are much better.
Ivory card
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We tried different material for the spikes. The effect for them are very different. We tried three different material in spikes. The first one Mount Board which is very stiff. It works well for big spikes, but there will be gap between the each panel of pyramid for small spikes because of the thickness of material. The second is Polypropylene. This material is very difficult to fold and stick together, therefore there is normally a big gap between two panels. The third material that we tried is Ivory Card. It works well on small spikes but they are not stiff so we only use them in small spike and mount board for big one
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2nd Skin final design
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In the final design, the body frame and all the spikes are refined. Feedback from the tutor saying that the back is too “rectangular”, so we reshaped the frame such that it contours the back of the user. The new frame suits more on the body than before and it also covers more area of the user’s back. For the new spikes, we rearranged them so that they fit the shape of the frame and the shape of the user’s back.
For the spikes on the head, we put more spikes on and rearranged the in a gradient. This makes the head part looks more interesting and also the head part does not feel as “empty” as the previous designs.
For the spikes on the body, we put some big spikes on the side of the frame. This is because we think that it is more effective (to keep people away) than putting them in the middle as the spikes on the side radiate outwards We kept a medium size of the spikes in the middle to fit the curve of the body. The spikes in this part cannot be too small as the space needs protection as well. We put small size of spikes in the lower part of the frame as this part does not really need much protection. We also put some small spikes on the shoulder area so that the spike will not “poke” the user.
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Fabrication Sequence
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Assembly Drawing
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Reflection In this module, we learned experience in M1 and M2. We drew lots of refined drawing and made the digital model more carefully and detailed. After we got the feedback from the tutors, there are three main drawbacks in our design. The first is the lack of interests of spikes. What is more, the frame should be more fit to human body in order to create the conformable sleeping condition. The final one is the connection between the spikes and frame. To solve these problems, we makes the vertical ribs slightly radiative in order to fit human body. But this makes the connection become more difficult. The notch change the position on each horizontal ribs (they are radiative as well) and spikes cannot fit to frame well. For these 2 issues, we try to build digital model more accurately and use laser cut to reduce the deviation. In terms of connection, at beginning, we attempted to use zip tie to connect frame and spikes but we decide to use the double sides tape after a testing on simple mode. We changed size for each spike and decide to make it symmetric because human body is symmetric.
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In order to create more interest. We painted it at the end. However, paints caused a problem as well. When you fold the spikes and put them in to frame, due to different angles, the white line (inside mount board) came out, so we have to paint it few times. Prototypes help a lot in whole module because there are still lots of difference between final physical objects and digital model. Or sometimes, you cannot see the problems in digital model. Therefore, prototype can test digital model. Meanwhile, prototype save your time and money. If you fall to final object, this will cost more time and money. Especially for the material, in M3, I mainly work on material. (He worked on design of spikes). Prototype for me effect material most in this project. For example, the mount board does not work in small spike due to the thickness. Finally, we got lots of very useful and helpful feedback from the tutor and guest after presentation.
There are some improvement and experience that is very important to our project and future study. Firstly, changing the shape of the hole that connect the zip tie in order to create more flexibility between the head and body part. Moreover, making a new design for the tape of spikes so that the gap between each panel can be narrower. Thinking a way to design every material that can be used. Furthermore, creating one sheet for more spikes. Therefore, the gap between each spikes will disappear. Finally, always testing the most difficult part in the prototype so you will have more time to solve it.
Completed 2nd Skin
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4.0 REFLECTION
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What have you learnt? During this semester, I learnt how the digital model and physical model work together. Also I learnt how to use software such as rhino and InDesign. Moreover, I’m getting familiar with the equipment in fablab, like laser cutter, card cutter and camera. Using digital design technique to transfer model from 3-D to 2-D, then fabricating them. What is more, using prototype to test idea efficiently, meanwhile, I clearly understand the property of each material in fablab. I realize how important the teamwork is. When we have group meeting, it is much easier to generate idea during the discussion. This also works when we both get stuck. Finally, sleeping pod makes me understand functional design. This is very rare to appear in architecture. What aspect of the studio did you find challenging? To be honest, I felt that everything in this course is challenging. This is the most challenged course in this semester. Work logging is one of the challenges. The most challenged thing in course for me is how to transfer from digital model to real object. It takes lot of time to solve many problems during this process and this is also the most interesting parts in this course. I admit that I feel really good when I have the real object on my hands. How can you improve your design? In this project, grasshopper may solve the problems of gaps between the frame and spikes. Putting some sponge inside the frame to increase the level of comfort. Finding the lighter material rather than MDF. Loosing the zip tie to increase the flexibility. In the future project, I think that designing carefully and more detail considered would help to improve any design. As I mentioned, designing is a process. Redoing the design again and again is the way to improve significantly. Also as Paul Lon said in lecture, design is based on strategy, is both puzzle making and problem solving.
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5.0 APPENDIX
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CREDITS
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Bibilgraphy
Enric Miralles,Carme Pinos, 1988/1991, “How to lay out a croissant” El Croquis 49/50 Enric Miralles, Carme Pinos, En Construccion pp. 240‐241 Heath, A., Heath, D., & Jensen, A. (2000). 300 years of industrial design : function, form, technique, 1700‐ 2000 / Adrian Heath, Ditte Heath, Aage Lund Jensen. New York : Watson‐Guptill. Sommer, R. 1969. Personal space : the behavioral basis of design / Robert Sommer. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice‐Hall, c1969.A Scheurer, F. and Stehling, H. _2011_: Lost in Parameter Space? IAD: Architectural Design, Wiley, 81 _4_, July, pp. 70‐79 Asperl et al, 2007,Surfaces that can be built from paper / In H.Pottmann, A.Asperl,M. Hofer, A.Kilian (eds) Architectural Geometry, p534‐561, Bentley Institute Press Kolarevic, B 2003, Architecture in the Digital Age ‐ Design and Manufacturing /Branko Kolarevic. Spon Press, London Marble, S, 2008. Building the Future: Recasting Labor in Architecture/ Philip Bernstein, Peggy Deamer. Princeton Architectural Press. pp 38‐42 Rifkin, J 2011, The third Industrial Revolution. Palgrave Macmillan.pp107‐126 Wang, N.&Lopes, A. 2014, Second Skin, photograph, viewed 5 June 2016, http://ve.crida.net/2014/works/test-entry-2/
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