3 years by yang yu

三秋

three years of work by Yang Yu

2013-2015

Three Years Work Collection 建筑學碩士期間設計研究項目匯總

三年作品集

于洋

_Bio:

He is currently seeking to pursue licensure in the United States. He earned his Master of Architecture degree from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) in December 2015 where he served as the International Chair of AIAS Illinois. He earned his B.A. degree from NCUT in Beijing, China in 2010. His interests in architecture stem from a background in interiors and graphic design. Since his enrollment in the graduate program, he has worked for Kengo Kuma in Tokyo, and K+P in Munich. In the summer of 2014, Yang participated in the Haiti Challenge sponsored by ACSA. He was also one of five students to study abroad in the TUM Exchange Program in Germany 2015. While abroad, he also participated in the Volterra Workshop in Italy with James Timberlake, founder and partner of KieranTimberlake.

僅以這本書送給我的父母 this book is dedicated to my parents

CONTENTS

MANIFESTO 001 ANYTHING, ARCHITECTURE

RESEARCH 002

STUDIO PROJECTS 156

PROFESSIONAL WORKS 300

_[MANIFESTO]:

ANYTHING, ARCHITECTURE THE DEFINITION OF ARCHITECTURE SHOULD BE EXPANDED. THE TERM “ARCHITECTURE” SHOULD BE EXPANDED AT MULTIPLE SCALES AND REVISITED THROUGH DIFFERENT FORMATS AND METHODOLOGIES. From the plant cell to the points of a cloud is the architecture of the creator. Architects should look into and get inspired from it. Similarly, as different landscapes and objects cause human emotion and feeling, ANY FORM OR GENERATION OF EMOTION COULD BE DEFINED AS ARCHITECTURE. The architecture should emerge in different formats: IT COULD BE AN ANALOG OBJECT, A DIGITAL PROPOSAL, OR A SOLUTION OF SOCIAL PROBLEM. Architects typically use buildings or built forms to approach these problems – often proposing ideas within some greater context. I believe architecture can generate some social phenomenon and explanations, but not simply as a specific solution in and of itself. The architecture should not be limited to a specific method, it is more complex and multifaceted. It could be mathematics, subject revolution, logical thinking, and ideology. ANY METHODS THAT IS HELPING ONE TO ACHIEVE POINT B FROM POINT A IS CONSIDERED TO BE ARCHITECTURE.

ARCHITECTURE IS A PROCESS; A TEXT PROVOKING THOUGHT; AN ACTION ENGAGING PEOPLE; A RESEARCH SEEKING PROBABILITY, OR EVEN AN OBJECT SERVING FUNCTION.

RESEARCH

Aples- Aiguille du Midi

â&#x20AC;&#x153;We do not create the work, I believe we, in fact, are discoverers.â&#x20AC;? -Glenn Murcutt

Infrastructure Photography Journal photography journal Yang Yu at Cave in Rock, Illinois Nov.27th 2015 photo by Yang Yu

infrastructure ['ɪnfrə'strʌktʃɚ] noun.

1. the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise. 2. The place people call home and where they go to live after they have lost their own home to foreclosure.

-water tower at Cave in Rock-

During the end of November 2015, I was driving towards to the southern Illinois with Minhoo Kim. When we passed a small town called Cave in Rock, we stopped at the parking lot where next to the town center. The parking lot is on side of the Ohio river, which is also the boarder between Kentucky and Illinois. We decided to park the car to have a walk in the town. I noticed that there is a ferry at the end of Illinois Road No.1. Or, it is not the end of Illinois No.1, it should be called an intersection between Illinois No.1, Kentucky No.59 and Ohio river. The ferry operating from 6am until 9:40pm, and it’s free. Cars waiting just like waiting at the intersection with a stop sign. This picture make me keep an eye on the infrastructure of the small town in US.

Instead of talking about the lack of the infrastructure in this town won’t allow the uneconomic way that build the fully fu structure connector”. as the helicopter landing pad in the par in Cave in Rock turn to how to connect the infrastructure t automobile. In this case, automobile also should be considere

small town. I would like to talk about what roles the infrastructure played in Cave in Rock. Apparently, the scale of the unctional infrastructure system, what they should do then? I saw a solution in Cave in Rock which is build the “infrarking lot is the “connector” with the infrastructure which might located 60 miles away. So the meaning of infrastructure to this small town. Actually there are a mount of small towns like Cave in Rock were formed by the dissemination of ed as a type of infrastructure.

The parking lot we parked was also as a helicopter landing pad with the big “H” sign at there. Actually we have seen this type of landing pad couple times since the infrastructure was not quite fully developed. Me and Minhoo talked about the function of the landing pad, and both of us think it might be used for the hospital emergency helicopter landing use. Because we didn’t see any large scale hospital during the last three towns we passed. So infrastructure in here is an infrastructure that connect the town with a well developed infrastructure facility. Or we could call it infrastructure connector.

-parking lot with "H" as helicopter landing pad at Cave in Rock-

On the way we trying to walking to the city, some sign attract me. There is a sign said “High speed internet available now.” And it looks new. Actually my AT&T phone already out of the signal range at this time, and the cabin me and Minhoo stayed last night doesn’t have a wi-fi and the cabin holder told us only Verizon could work in this area.

-small sign for Internet install at Cave in Rock-

Infrastructure though times The picture on the right is a abandoned building in front of a funeral home. Based on my observation, it should be an old church, because of the ceiling height and the vertical window at the side of the building. What caused my interests is there was two vending machine in front of it, and one of it still working. Then I saw the cheapest vending machine in US, which one coke only cost 75 cents. Since we didn’t bring any quarters with us, or we definitely want to buy one from this vending machine. I’m wondering what keeps this vending machine still running? I think the answer should be capitalism. That also bring out another question is what resulted the abandon of the gas station? I thinks the answer still be the capitalism. But,is that means the government could keep updating the infrastructure to meet today’s need? or is the infrastructure which under the government’s control won't be abandoned? I don’t have the answer, but I think I get a basic idea in here is the US trying to combine the resource or compact them based on several towns. Looks Elizabeth town is the infrastructure town among these several towns. When I cross the intersection, I saw an old firefighter vehicle, it looks like it was out updated, no fancy meters on the side of the vehicle, and totally different with the one we usually saw in the city.

-75 cents for a coke Cave in Rock-

-abandoned building at Cave in Rock-

-post office on main street of Cave in Rock-

-main street of Cave in Rock-

Actually we could tell, there are only four infrastructure were maintained well in this small town, which are two churches, one post office and one funeral home. This basically bring me a visionary picture to show how the americans form their town back to the old time. First immigration came, settled next to the river so itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s easy to get the water, and started work with the farm land, after they settle down, the church was built, also, they need a cemetery. The small town will keep this basic infrastructure for a while during its expand. When the road was connected to the town, the post-office was built. after this, more and more infrastructure was built. Actually I could see it must be a busy town back to the old time. Because I can see the abandoned stores with beautiful items in them. Even the main street is short, I still could imagine that back to the old time, before the high way was build, the town should be a good place to live.

-church on main street of Cave in Rock-

-gas nozzle dropped on the ground-

-inside of the store at the gas station which the shelf still has snacks on it-

-the weights and measures sticker shows the gas station was abandoned at 2013-

-abandoned gas station which the gas price stayed at 69 cents -

Haiti Challenge Studio Research Research study Professor: Lynne Dearborn (UIUC) Team: Jeremy Copley Kevin Grewe Min Hoo Kim Erasmo Ortega Manasvinee Pramod Neris Sandoval Holden Scully Lawrence Wyman Shengxi Wu

Partners: ACSA Mercy Outreach Ministry Howard University in Petite-RiviĂ¨re-de-Nippes, Haiti 2014 Summer

land use

arable land 1,000 meadows/pastures 490 crops 280 forest area 100 other 885 FAO of the United Nations

harvested land corn bean sorghum other

45% 25% 10% 20%

SISA- USAID

27,750 km 2

land area

land use

arable land 1,000 meadows/pastures 490 crops 280 forest area 100 other 885 FAO of the United Nations

harvested land

corn 45% -tents area at the edge of the citybean 25% sorghum 10% other 20% SISA- USAID

Geography The Republic of Haiti is a Caribbean nation in the western part of the island of Hispaniola, the largest island in the Greater Antilles. The landmass of the country is horseshoe-shaped with extended northern and southern peninsulas. By size, it is the third largest country in the Caribbean, smaller than Cuba and the Dominican Republic, with which it shares Hispaniola. Port-au-Prince, Haiti’s capital, lies about 1140 kilometers southeast of Miami, Florida in the United States. The country’s landmass has a disproportionately long (1771 km) coastline compared to its 28,000 square kilometers of territory. Geographically Haiti’s interior is primarily composed of rugged mountains sporadically intermixed with narrow, but fertile, river valleys. The interior is bounded by a narrow coastal plain. Haiti’s mainland consists of three regions: the northern region, which includes the northern peninsula; the central region; and the southern region, which includes the southern peninsula. The Republic of Haiti is administratively divided into ten departments, based on the island’s natural boundaries. Further, the departments are sub-divided into 42 arrondissements, and 140 communes. Petite-Rivière-de-Nippes is a commune located in the Miragoâne Arrondissement in the Nippes Department.

-view of port-au-prince-

Travel

Over the course of the thirteen days spent in Haiti, the Haiti Summer Studio 2014 group traveled to multiple locations and saw a wide range of urban and rural conditions. We arrived in Port-au-Prince on June 8th and remained in the city until June 11th. While in the capital we were able to visit the Université GOC administration building currently under construction, tour a digital learning center, enjoy lunch at a mountain top restaurant with spectacular views, and tour the city by bus and on foot. Our group also traveled to the new Université GOC campus outside of Port-au-Prince and spent an afternoon conversing, drawing, and learning with students studying architecture there. After our stay in the capital, the group departed on June 11th for the town of Petite-Rivière-de-Nippes, making a stop in Léogâne to visit a maternity hospital, Kay Fanm Yo, designed by U of I Professor Mark Taylor. We remained in Petite-Rivière-de-Nippes for six days and returned to Port-au-Prince on June 17th. During our stay in the coastal town we met with engineers, a group of pastors from the region surrounding the town, and the Mayor. Also during our stay, group members ate meals at the local solar bakery, spent time with Université GOC students, visited a fishing village in Miragoâne, experienced a street festival, and explored the core of the town and more rural farmlands on foot. The group absorbed and recorded the town through many hours of sketching, water color painting, systematically mapping and documenting the physical environment, and interacting with citizens. Returning to Port-au-Prince on June 17th, we traveled to a mountain village in the Fonds-Verrettes Commune. After a few hours in four-wheel-drive vehicles, we were greeted by an entire schoolhouse full of children, and were introduced to local farming practices. After a lunch at their solar bakery, we returned to the Capital. June 19th was spent exploring street markets in Port-au-Prince and listening to a talk by Patrick Delatour, Howard University Alumnus, former minister of tourism, and now chair of the Haitian Presidential Commission for Reconstruction. A dinner discussion with Jason Krumm of MSAADA Architects followed Patrick Delatour’s presentation. Our last full day in Haiti was spent visiting the Iron Market of Port-au-Prince, and concluded with a farewell banquet with Université GOC students. The Haiti Summer Studio 2014 group departed Haiti on June 21st and returned to the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Upon returning to campus students stopped to reflect on their individual and group experiences before beginning to analyze the information collected and launching into environmental planning and architectural design activities.

-urban bus and dunkies in denippes-

Documentation

Throughout the trip, students and professors engaged in many forms of documentation. One of the main goals for the studio was to instill a sense of awareness, discovery and empathy through sketching and watercolor painting. During our time in Haiti, each student worked at these skills and found that it truly helped them to understand the place and the people as well as the objects and scenes they were observing. In addition to sketching, students were also asked to keep a written journal during our trip. These journals, including both structured and unstructured writing and sketching, provided students another way to document their travels, and to reflect on their experiences. Specific documentation techniques and structured activities were extremely important while the group was in Petite-RiviĂ¨re-de-Nippes. With only six days to develop an understanding of the community and identify and understand projects that might facilitate social and physical change and development, it was essential for students to document the conditions and understand them. Through sketching and watercolor painting students gained a sense of the place. To understand the physical condition of the town, students broke themselves into teams and documented the town on foot. By hand drawing maps to locate and categorize buildings they gained an understanding of the physical tapestry of the town. In addition to this, our group met with local engineers, pastors, and the mayor to learn what they felt was needed. While walking through the town, we also spoke with the citizens themselves to hear their stories and opinions.

-sketch of residential house in haiti-

Existing Conditions

Like most developing nations, Haiti faces natural risks including drought, hurricanes, and earthquakes as well as human-induced economic and health hazards. Even before the devastating 2010 earthquake, average Haitians were having difficulty finding the means to sustain themselves. In 2008, Haiti faced a sharp rise in food and fuel prices as well as bad weather conditions. These exacerbated a major decline in international trade due to global recession. These conditions initiated an economic crisis for the typical Haitian citizen. On January 12th 2010, a 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck Haiti, with its epicenter in LĂŠogĂ˘ne, a town 35 kilometers west of Port-au-Prince. It was the most powerful earthquake in over 200 years causing record numbers of deaths, injuries, and displacements. Water, electric infrastructure, roads, and port systems in the capital and surrounding areas were damaged in the earthquake. Unfortunately not only did the earthquake cause tremendous physical damage, the consequent lack of hygiene and sanitation in the wake of the physical damage post earthquake resulted in the spread of a cholera in various parts of the county in October of 2010. Over 230,000 cases have been reported, and over 4500 deaths. According to USAID this disease will most likely be present in Haiti for over a decade. Before the earthquake, poverty was endemic in Haiti, with more than half the population living on less than one dollar a day. Most of the destitute individuals live in the rural areas but after the earthquake many men and women made the trip to the capital in search of a better life. Like many other developing nations, the wealth distribution is exceedingly uneven, with the 2001 Household Living Conditions Survey stating the poorest 20% of Haitians have only 2% of the income, while the richest 20% of Haitians have 68% of income in the country. Given these natural and man-made conditions, the present circumstances in towns and cities in Haiti are challenging and often unhealthy. Some impoverished people still live in tent cities, either in fear that their concrete roofs will collapse, or with nowhere else to go. Open sewers and water drains are blocked and fetid causing the spread of diseases like Malaria, Typhoid, and now the ever-present mosquito-borne virus Chikungunya. Many houses that are still standing show structural instability with missing walls, caved-in roofs and ladders to take individuals to the upper floors. Even buildings previously thought sturdy in the capital are now in ruin, several important cathedrals and the presidential palace among them.

People

The people of Haiti have diverse and mixed ethnic backgrounds including: African, Mulatto (a mixture of European and Africans), Polish, Jewish, Arab, Chinese, Indian, German, Italian, French, and the native population, Taino.

9.6

A large majority of the Haitian population today claims African descent; most of these people are of mixed African ancestry. There is also a noticeable white population in Haiti today. These people are descended from French individuals who survived the 1791 Haitian Revolt and 1804 Haitian Massacre and have remained in Haiti.

3.8%

In the last few decades, there has been an exodus of Haitians to live abroad in countries like the United States, Dominican Republic, Cuba, Canada and France. There are an estimated 881,500 Haitians in the United States. Haitians travel abroad in search of a better life, better education, and better economic prospects. Presently a majority of the population of Haiti is under 20, with a very low elderly population. The workforce is almost equally divided between the sexes, with 30% of women in the working class, and 35% of men. Unfortunately there is an equal population that is presently unemployed. Like most other developing nations, the infant mortality rate is high due to poor sanitary and living conditions. Following the earthquake, an increase in the unemployment rate resulted in a daily wage of under two dollars for a large majorty of Haitians. These low wages limit the ability for families to provide healthy nourishment and good quality housing for their children.

million

population

migration rate of urbanization

FAO of the United Nations

human capital workforce agriculture service industry unemployed

1.09 1.44 0.33 1.9

(in millions) CIA Factbook

food desertion malnourished nourished

2.5 7.1

(in millions) Clinton Foundation

Housing

Construction materials and methods in Haiti have changed over the last few decades. Newer materials, and techniques have been promoted for economic as well as social benefits, and hence the vernacular fabric of the nation has changed. Historically, Haitian homes were constructed of timber, as it was plentiful throughout many parts of the country. Good quality timber that was easy to work, combined with knowledgeable craftsman, resulted in aesthetically pleasing homes. In October 2009, the Gingerbread /houses of Haiti were included on the 2010 World Monuments Watch to raise international awareness of this unique architectural heritage. The landscape of cities like Port-au-Prince and Cap-Haitien have changed dramatically from images filled with gingerbread homes in hillside neighborhoods, to a jungle of concrete structures and infrastructure blanketing steep terrain.

-residential hous in port-au-prince-

Due to the proliferation of concrete, and misconceptions about its easy use and construction, concrete structures are now the norm. This can be seen in three different types of homes in the capital as well as in more rural areas like Petite-RiviĂ¨re-de-Nippes: 1) multi-story concrete frame with masonry infill and cast in place concrete roof, 2) one story concrete columns with masonry walls and light gauge corrugated metal roof, 3) timber frame with stone infill and a wood framed roof. The town of Petite-RiviĂ¨re-de-Nippes offers variations in construction because homeowners have built with many readily available materials, often employing traditional building techniques. Materials include woven plant and tree matter covered by natural plaster within timber frame construction, or combinations of infill materials like coral and limestone within a timber or concrete frame.

Climate

Due to its geographical location, Haitiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s climate is mainly tropical, with hot and humid conditions throughout much of the year. Additionally, there are regions in the east along the base of the mountains that support a semi-arid climate, while in the highlands near the border with the Dominican Republic the climate is generally cooler and more temperate. The average temperature is 83Â°F, average wind speed is 10.6 mph with prevailing wind from East to West, and the average annual rainfall is 54â&#x20AC;?. Throughout the year there are two intense periods of rainfall during the spring (April-July) and fall (September-November). Periods of drought often follow these rainy seasons. Across the country rainfall is varied, with some of the lowlands and the northern and eastern mountain slopes receiving a great deal of rain while the western coast from the northern peninsula to Port-au-Prince is relatively dry. Hurricanes and flash floods are common, and storm water washes productive top soil away and carries sediment down into the valleys.

-rice field in de nippes -

-city view of port-au-peince-

Agriculture

Past agricultural practices and current trends in the country have resulted in wide spread deforestation and soil erosion throughout Haiti. Intense export farming on colonial plantations, timber exports, subsistence agriculture, and the necessity for charcoal as a cooking fuel have all contributed to the current state of the environment. Only 20 percent of land is considered suitable for growing crops, yet 50 percent is under production. Most rural subsistence farming in the country takes place on hillsides; farmers grow crops such as beans, maize, cassava, plantain, mango, avocado, and other fruit. Hillside farming contributes to eroded soils and one third of all land is severely degraded. As a result of the steep slope of much of the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s land (63 percent has a slope greater than 20 percent) and hillside farming practices, a great deal of the topsoil is lost during the each yearâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s rainy seasons and becomes silt in the river systems. Traditionally, coffee and sugarcane provided the main sources of export revenues for the nation, but in recent years these have been replaced by industrially produced apparel and footwear exports. The last agricultural survey (1971) found that 59 percent of all agricultural parcels were less than one hectare and 88 percent of all farmers owned less than three hectares. 2001 estimates showed that most peasants own less than a quarter hectare. Sharecropping additional fields is common as individual farmers attempt to increase production. According to a 2001 report by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, per capita food production had dropped 20 percent over the previous decade as a result of farming conditions and practices and less expensive imported food arriving in Haiti.

-barn in the mountain top-

Petite-Rivière-de-Nippes Petite-Rivière-de-Nippes, a town located on the north coast of the Tiburon Peninsula, supports a population of about 32,000. With the improvement of highway Route 21 having reached the edge of town in the spring of 2014, the built fabric of structures and transportation infrastructure have recently expanded, and the coastline continues to develop westward, apace with highway improvements. The urban fabric of the town is comprised of a main strip of development along Route 21. One intersecting unpaved road, mainly flanked by small houses, leads south towards the mountains. Small farms and residences can be found to the south of this central strip, while to the north the ocean is ever present. A few smaller tracks run parallel to Route 21, but these dirt and gravel paths resemble small alleys leading to buildings set back from the road. The inability of existing infrastructure to support current and future development was evident upon our initial walk through the town. Storm drains, on either side of the highway, were uncovered and filled with debris, garbage, and stagnant water. There were no streetlights and in the few areas where sidewalks existed, they were often overrun by street vendors. located in the main town area were two main public spaces: a large plaza and stage near the civic buildings, and a smaller empty plaza, supported public gathering. After observing, measuring and further documenting the buildings creating Petite-Rivière-de-Nippes’ central development swatch, we discovered the majority of the structures were residential, with retail and commercial being the second most prevalent. In many cases, businesses and residences shared the same structure. We saw several education buildings, including schools and learning centers. The few public buildings in town were mostly churches; a small cluster of government buildings was located near the center of town.

agriculture_

new growth proposal

new flatlands 33.89 acres

old flatlands 25.59 hectares

25m x 25m

land capital

human capital

2.1

<100

trees planted

million

hectares

Plan Development

19,663

mango trees

in irrigated land

6.4

Plan Development

erosion problems poor soil from overplanting

29,815 1,916

population urban population

Plan Development

market capital current farm condition

1 farm current market

0.25 hectare

petite riviere de nippes

local market

individual farmer

agriculture_

production

flatland harvesting sugar

1-5

tons/ acre

corn

1,000

lbs/ acre

coffee

750-1,000

lbs/ acre

rice

5-10

tons/ acre

consisting of high density, intensive farming techniques, these crops can be grown and collected in large quantities collectives can increase the price per yield of the region

tree harvesting mangos

5-10

tons/ acre

plantains

65-80

lbs/ acre

avocado

tons/ acre

coconut

1-2

tons/ acre

treeland

grown naturally, as well as planned, tree harvesting has tended to take place in the more mountainous region yields tend to be lower, and more sporadic, making it more difficult to make a living off of

harvesting

_flatland

harvesting

spring avocados berries melon

summer figs mango watermelon cassava

JAN F

EB MAR

OCT

DEC

APR

SEP

autumn

coconut cranberries persimmon pomegranate pears castor oil bell pepper

Y JUN

winter

kumquats guava kiwi pineapple dates yam

JUL

AU G

all year

passion fruit bananas plantains citrus

Haiti supports agriculture all year long. Plants can be planted alongside others to yield higher numbers for the typical farmer. Certain crops grow throughout the year as well. Crops can be divided up into fruit trees and flatland harvesting.

regional crop proposal

breakdown yam

125

hectares

11,000

of yam farm land

of yam

hectares

of cassava farm land

30,000

of cassava

300

cassava farmers

yam farmers

150

of castor farm land

of castor seed

hectares

ton

cuttings

seeds

600

300

land capital

pepper

castor oil

cassava

of pepper farm land

of pepper seed

hectares

castor farmers

100

human capital

450

590

pepper farmers

1,450

market capital

1,000 tons

of yam produced

ton

of cassava produced

tons

of castor oil produced

20.5

tons

of pepper produced

Plan Development

local crop proposal

breakdown

12.5

hectares

1,100

of yam farm land

of yam

of cassava farm land

3,000

of cassava

yam farmers

cassava farmers

of castor farm land

100

of castor seed

hectares

cuttings

seeds

hectares

land capital

pepper

castor oil

cassava

yam

1.5

of pepper farm land

1.5

of pepper seed

hectares

human capital

castor farmers

57.5

pepper farmers

145 market capital

100 tons

of yam produced

100 kg

of cassava produced

tons

of castor oil produced

tons

of pepper produced

agriculture_ approach

major problems low yield lack of irrigation system low efficiency of land

proposal

lack of economy lack of market

farm implementations seeder harvester

seed bank institution

market

seed/ fertilizer/ new product

distribution collection/ production/ marketing

irrigation

9760 m

agriculture_ new markets proposal process

local/ regional/ global/ outreach

1 2 3 4

starting with a simple distribution spot, collaboration can begin

bringing in the research institutions, an increase in the products quality & value can benefit

rd setting up temporary storage, bringing in a co-operative system

major distribution house can be set up, a combination of multiple functions occurs: storage, seed bank, research institution, collaboration

proposed market By establishing a collective, a larger yield can be produced. The larger the yield, the larger its presence can be made in metropolitian markets. This allows the seller to have more control on pricing, giving the local economy a steady profit to be redistributed back to the population.

collective farmers

collection/ distribution

multiple markets

yam cassava castor oil pepper

57.5 ha2 33.84 in2

/ .035 in

12.5 30 15 1.5

210 504 252 25

7.35 17.64 8.83 0.88

agriculture_ irrigation constraints

pepper

yam

cassava

castor oil

1 1 1 1

ton

= = = =

800 1 100 1 000 1 400 ,

ton

[purpose]:

ton

build efficiency irrigation system start with simple way done with solar desalination system

ton

wet season

step dig pond

dry season

storage rainwater

pump water to field

step add on solar

agriculture_ space allocation

solar desalination system

desalination

Goals one large space for product collection and distribution create place where a collective of farmers have a larger outlet to sell goods create a steady profit for farmers

pick-up & shipping

crop storage/large

give the seller control of pricing the distribution of products to multiple markets

Facts haitan farmers have limited land for farming farmers compete with each other for profit and sales

crop prep/indivdual

workspace/individual

workspace/distribution

crops are localized crop storage/individual

Spaces place for pick up and shipping distribution space for crops before pick up and shipping storage for all yielded crops and for individual farmer workspace for the individual farmer place for crop prep before distribution of the individual farmer

strong connection weak connection

[architecture] IN THE AGE OF [digital] REPRODUCTION Architecture presentation study Professor: Erik M Hemingway in University of Illinois Fall 2013 study of Alexander Eisenschmidt's "CITY WORKS: PROVOCATIONS FOR CHICAGOâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S URBAN FUTURE" exhibition

photo took at the City of Chicago’s Cultural Center – Expo 72 Gallery (72 E. Randolph Street, Chicago) 41°53'05.4"N 87°37'31.1"W

-laser cut mock up on chipboard-

City Works was previously exhibited at the 13th International Architecture Biennale in Venice (2012) and has now returned to the city of its origin. The exhibition re-envisions a series of urban environments that are typical for Chicago in order to examine alternatives to the way architecture engages the city. In collaboration with David Brown, Studio Gang Architects, Stanley Tigerman, and UrbanLab / Sarah Dunn & Martin Felsen (who each produced one large models 1’x3’), the installation sets out to find potentials for spatial, material, programmatic, and organizational invention within the city. The four models are surrounded by a 160’long panorama that shows a visionary city … a drawing entirely composed of historical unbuilt visions for the city of Chicago (created by Eisenschmidt and his team at the Visionary Cities Project). In addition, an iPhone app links the visionary drawings on the wall to the existing city by locating the different schemes and presenting vital information about the projects. Over the duration of the exhibition, the models will travel throughout the gallery, visit the different parts of the city’s visionary history, and, finally, come together to create a new collective project of the city – one that is intended as Provocation for Chicago’s Urban Future. In the age of digital reproduction, using digital fabrication to present the exhibition in a small scale is the aim of this research. Based on the readings and study on Alexander Eisenschmidt’s work, the research produced several axonometric drawings, and a laser cut pop up model made from chip board to reflect the exhibition.

-laser cut chipboard pop out model-

*scan QR code to watch the pop-out installation video

Stanley Tigerman’s Instant City, 1965. Stanley Tigerman is Chicago’s resident radical — and this concept, from the mid-1960s, fits the bill. The concept borrowed from Le Corbusier’s Radiant City plan and Robert Moses’ (also unbuilt) Lower Manhattan Expressway, imagining a city where prism-shaped offices sheltered grand expressways, leaving wide swatches of green space open to the public.

Experimental Moveable Structure Research study Assistant: Eike Schling in Technische Universit채t M체nchen

JANSEN STRUCTURE Cooprate: Individual Research type: mechanism study Stage: Structure analysis Software: Grasshopper Time period: 2015 Summer Role: Student in TUM

Jansen has been creating Strandbeest (Dutch: strand=beach; beest=beast), wind-walking examples of artificial life, since 1990. What was at first a rudimentary breed has slowly evolved into a generation of machines that are able to react to their environment: “over time, these skeletons have become increasingly better at surviving the elements such as storms and water, and eventually I want to put these animals out in herds on the beaches, so they will live their own lives.” This study is trying to use mathematic methods to study about the path that created by mechanism’s movement. Basically the method to define the structure is draw the curve we want to achieve, then use the mathematics method to calculate the ratio of the structure members.

-Jansen's structure: Strandbeest-

Typically, for the sketch, draw the curve C, then set 4 random points on the curve, then use the perpendicular bisector and similar triangles to find the point A B and C. The right diagram shows how the structure effect the curve drew by the structure. First of all, draw the curve want to have, then use auxiliary line and similar triangles method to settle down the structure members ratio.

curve

C A

curve

The eight movement diagrams describes a kind of triangle with rounded corners and a horizontal base. Whenever the toe is on this base, it touches the ground and carries the animal. It describes a horizontal line, or rather the entire animal does, since the toe is carrying the animal. The same holds for a wheel; the axle also describes a horizontal straight line. The beach animal doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;t lurch. When the toe reaches the end of the base (at right), the leg is lifted whereupon it rapidly describes the other two sides of the triangle. [The above curve is the ideal walking curve; a flat base with rounded corners] The curve this produces is dependent on the ratio between the lengths of the 11 small rods. Even now the curve from Jansen structure is more flat, but by changing the ratio of the member in the structure, we can control the curve we want it to draw. 3

[MECHANISM]: By rotating the cam shaft structure, the whold structure have one point stary on the same level, and then the rest of the structure will move and draw a curve individually. If cahnge the ratio of each module, then different module will creat a curve by their shape. Then rotate the camshaft, the whole structure will waving and draw a un-liner curve.

[ACTUAT

To control control sys enviormen tive motion kennict or the motor,

*scan QR code to watch the grasshopper control video

TOR]:

and actuate the whole structure system. I propose the motor and digital stem. First use kennict or light senser to collect data of the surrunding nt, then transfer it to te firefly plugin in grasshopper, and program the reacn of the structure, and download the program to the arduino, connect the the sensor to the arduino, by the program in the arduino, give the order to and the whole system will be actuated.

7 10

5 3

Module Parameters

Element length: Element width:

l = 17 cm w = 1 cm

Opening Angle:

a = 0 - 60째

Structure Ratio: 1 = 65.7

72 = 49

3 = 61.9 4 = 50 5 = 41.5 6 = 55.8 7 = 40.1 8 = 36.7 9 = 39.4 10 = 39.3 r = 15

Structure Ratio: 1 = 65.7 2 = 49 3 = 61.9 4 = 50 5 = 41.5 6 = 55.8 7 = 40.1 8 = 36.7 9 = 39.4 10 = 39.3 r = 15

-adapt the structure into movable pavilion-

fire fly program kennect or senser data collection

arduino controller

motor acturator

-study model of the movable pavilion-

[SYSTEM AND VISION]:

The model is the structure c on the structure, the cantili mechanism, the whole stru condition or the tempreture By actuating the cam shaft,

Also, if this turn to a shadd structure, because itâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s more

created by the repeated module as a pavillion or shadding system. Based iver could reach farther than a single beam cantiliver. Also, actuated by the ucture will turn to a moveable structure which could interact to the lighting e condition. the whole structure will creat different unique waving form.

ding system, the gap between the module could fill with the ETFE foil e flexiable andlight weight.

Tensegrity AND Membrane Structure Research study Assistant: Eike Schling in Technische Universit채t M체nchen

[Definition]:

Fig.1

[1]. Gómez-Jáuregui, Valentin. Tensegrity Structures and their Application to Architecture. Servicio de Publicaciones Universidad de Cantabria, 2010, p.19. (ISBN 9788481025750) [2]. Gómez-Jáuregui, Valentin. Tensegrity [3]. Gómez-Jáuregui, Valentin. Tensegrity Structures and their Application to Architecture. Servicio de Publicaci-ones Universidad de Cantabria,2010, p.28,29. (ISBN 9788481025750)

ensegrity, tensional integrity or floating compression, is a structural principle based on the use of isolated components in compression inside a net of continuous tension, in such a way that the compressed members (usually bars or struts) do not touch each other and the pre-stressed tensioned members (usually cables or tendons) delineate the system spatially.[1] Three men have been considered the inventors of tensegrity: Richard Buckminster Fuller, David Georges Emmerich and Kenneth D. Snelson. Although all of the three have claimed to be the first inventor, R. Motro (1987, 2003) mentions that Emmerich (1988) reported that the first proto-tensegrity system, called “Gleichgewichtkonstruktion”, was created by a certain Karl Loganson 2 in 1920. This means it was a structure consisting of three bars, seven cords and an eighth cable without tension serving to change the configuration of the system, but maintaining its equilibrium. He adds that this configuration was very simi-lar to the proto-system invented by him, the “Elementary Equilibrium”, with three struts and nine cables. All the same, the absence of pre-stress, which is one of the characteristics of tensegrity systems, does not allow Loganson‘s “sculpture-structure” to be considered the first of this kind of structures. [2] The most controversial point has been the personal dispute, lasting more than thirty years, between R. B. Fuller (Massachusetts, 1895-1983) and K. D.Snelson (Oregon, 1927) As the latter explains in a letter to R. Motro, during the summer of 1948, Fuller was a new professor in the Black Moun-

tain College (North Carolina, USA), in addition to being a charismatic and a nonconforming architect, engineer, mathematician, cosmologist, poet and inventor (registering 25 patents during his life). Snelson was an art student who attended his lectures on geometric models, and after that summer, influenced by what he had learnt from Fuller and other professors, he started to study some three-dimensional models, creating different sculptures. As the artist explains, he achieved a new kind of sculpture, which can be considered the first tensegrity structure ever designed. When he showed it to Fuller, asking for his opinion, the professor realized that it was the answer to a question that he had been looking for, for so many years. At the same time, but independently, David Georges Emmerich (Debrecen-Hungary, 1925-1996), probably inspired by Ioganson‘s structure, started to study different kinds of structures as tensile prisms and more complex tensegrity systems, which he called “structures tendues et autotendants”, tensile and selfstressed structures. As a result, he defined and patented his “reseaux autotendants”, which were exactly the same kind of structures that were being studied by Fuller and Snelson.[3]

[Classification]:

1. Basic theoretical unit

2.Wire wheel system

[4]. Wang Bin Bing: Free-standing Tension Structures, Taylor&Francis,New York,2004,p7,8(ISBN 0-415-33595-7)

In my opinion, the basic theoretical unit of all the tensegrity is this: Strut with two cables. The upper ridge cable and the under diagonal cable. Both cables are stressed by the strut in-between in order to make a space. Other complicated structures are different combination of the basic unit or the variations of the basic unit. Furthermore, the two supports decide which category of tensegrity the structure belongs to. Simple combination of basic theoretical unit and variation of basic unit with the support from outside, i.e. the earth, wall and other secondary structure of earth. Wire wheel system is in my eyes between open and closed system. It depends on whether one consider the supporting ring outside or inside as a part of the tensegrity structure. The simplest wire wheel is formed through the rotation of the basic theoretical unit. The strut is at the place of the circle center. The support is the outer-press ring. This second wire wheel is formed through the rotation of the basic unit too. But the circle center is outside the basic unit. The supports are the outside ring-strut. And the inside ring-cable. "A cable dome contains vertical struts, ridge cables, diagonal cables and hoop cables(Fig.4). Cable domes mainly include two variations: Geiger's domes and spatially triangulated domes (Fullerâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s dome)" [4]

One variation of basic unit

Ridge Cable

Diagonal Cable

Fig.2 Ridge Cable

Strut Perimeter compression ring

One variation of basic unit

Diagonal Cable

Hoop Cable Ridge Cable

One variation of basic unit

Fig.3

Diagonal Cable

Ridge Cable

Diagonal Cable

Ridge Cable

Strut Perimeter compression ring

Ridge Cable

Strut

Diagonal Cable Hoop Cable Fig.4

Perimeter compression ring

Diagonal Cable Hoop Cable

3. Closed system 3.1 Tensegrity Prism

B’

B A

A’ n Fig.5 Forming diagram of tensegrity prism

Fig.6

Fig.7

[5]. Wang Bin Bing: Free-standing Tension Structures, Taylor&Francis,New York,2004,p7,8(ISBN 0-415-33595-7)

A tensegrity prism is a stable volume that is realized by the connection of the basic unit one by one. At the end, A is A‘and B is B‘. “It is anti-prism (occasionally, prism) composed of two layers of cables forming the upper base (by upper cables) and the bottom base (by bottom cables), stabilized by diagonal cables. Inclined struts connect opposite vertices of bases so as to brace the prism. The relative rotation angle of the two bases is dictated by the requirement for the equilibrium of the shape. For regular simplexes (i.e. having regular base polygons), this angle is 30° for a triangular prism, and 45° for a square prism, etc.”[5] When the sides of base are more than four, there‘s more than one possibility to form a tensegrity prism. As we can see in the Fig. 7. There are two possibilities in pentagonal prism and hexagonal prism. Kenneth Snelson has his special understanding about the formation of tensegrity prism. „Weaving and tensegrity share the same grounding principle of alternating helical directions; of left to right; of bypasses clockwise and counterclockwise. In these figures, the column on the left shows the primary weave cells. To their right are the equivalent basic tensegrity modules. By transposing each weave filament to become a strut (stick, tube or rod) the cells transform into arrays of two, three, four, etc. compression members. They retain their original form and helical direction. And helical direction.

Fig.8 Three Struts tensegrity model

3.2 Higher tensegrity polyhedra

From the tensegrity of prism, we can confirm that the point of a tensegrity should be made up of one strut and 3 cables. In order to form more complicated tensegrity, “Emmerich studied all Platonic polyhedral (regular polyhedral and Archimedean polyhedral (semi-regular polyhedral), whose vertices are inscribed into a sphere.” “The tetrahedron is unrealizable; the octahedron and the cube are variants of the triangular and square prisms, respectively.” [6]

3.3 Cuboctahedron

“Another way to form tensegrity polyhedral is proposed by Grip. All the vertices of Platonic polyhedral are truncated (but not at the center of the edges). Each original vertex is thus transformed into three or four vertices. Struts are inserted to connect each pair of new vertices that are transformed from originally adjacent vertices but are not in the same face.” [7]

[6] [7]. Wang Bin Bing: Free-standing Tension Structures, Taylor&Francis,New York,2004,p7,8(ISBN 0-415-33595-7)

Fig.9 Six Struts tensegrity model

4. Membrane system 4.1 Tensegrity and Membrane

[8] [9]. Source: http://tensegrity.wikispaces. com/membrane

A classic tensegrity structure articulates compression and tension via separate, visually discrete struts and tendons. However, no rule states that the tendons must be distinct. A continuous fabric envelope, holding all the struts apart in mutual tensile separation, would fulfill the same task. This type of fabric deployment is called a â&#x20AC;&#x153;membraneâ&#x20AC;?. The strictest definitions of tensegrity seek the minimum use of materials. A strut and tendon structure would feature only one unique tendon for each vector of tension stress. A membrane, on the other hand, features hundreds of tendons woven together in a fabric. Most of these are not completely tensed along any given vector, thus it can be argued that minimum material usage has not been achieved. However, this lack of minimum material deployment may be compensated by the simplicity of the membrane deployment. But the membrane acts as structure and facade simultaneously.

Tensegrity structure‘s history is very young. This 3-strut prism was probably first made either by a Lithuanian artist Karl Loganson around 1920 or by the student of Richard Buckminster Fuller at the University of North Carolina in the early 1950‘s named Ted Pope. But both Karl‘s and Ted‘s contribution towards the development of the tensegrity stops here. In fact we are not even sure they actually build this basic tensegrity. The real start of tensegrity was in a basement somewhere in Pendleton, Oregon in the autumn of 1948, where a young student called Kenneth Snelson experimented with thread, wire, clay, metal from tin cans, cardboard, etc... Or maybe it started a little earlier, when Snelson attended a summer course in North Carolina at Black Mountain College and got “electrified” by the charismatic visionary designer, architect and inventor Richard Buckminster Fuller. Mizuki Shigematsu, Masato Tanaka, Hirohisa Noguchi published articles regarding these types of structures, calling them “tensegrity membrane structures."[8] They thought couple tensegrity with membrane via tension loads and can be one of the rational structures achieving maximum space with minimum use of materials.“ Then Shigematsu defined tensegrity membrane structures that couple tensegrity with a tensioned membrane structure. By using the present analysis method, the self-equilibrium form of tensegrity membrane structure could be found and the basic configurations of Diamond and Zigzag models were demonstrated. The application to a structure such as a “practical tent warehouse” was illustrated to show the possibilities of tensegrity membrane structure. [9]

Fig.10 Three Struts tensegrity model with membrane

4.2 Fabric

[10]. Source: http://tensegrity.wikispaces. com/Fabric [11]. Membrane Structures -workshop materials, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann Source:Membrane Structures - workshop materials, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

Fabric for tensegrity structures can be composed of various materials. Polytetrafluoroethylene or PTFE, commonly known by its trademark name Teflon, is a coating applied to a fiberglass scrim that produces a high strength tension structure fabric membrane with a life expectancy of thirty plus years. PTFE may also be expanded and woven into a fabric that can be coated with a fluoropolymer to create a high strength architectural fabric. Polyvinyl chloride or PVC, properly mixed with plasticizers for flexibility and applied to a polyester scrim, makes for a high strength and popular tension structure fabric membrane. The life expectancy and cost are proportionally lower than PTFE. [10] The membrane in tension structures are often conceptualized purely as a surface. A fabric membrane is biaxial, meaning that it has two concurrent orthogonal, principal directions. Crimp is the extent of deformation normal to the plane of the fabric that the fill and warp yarns undergo as they are woven together. [11] Membranes are composite material. Typically the fabric in the middle and coating two sides. Fabric is secured by means of clamps. Sectionalizing is the name of the method of field joining large fabric panels utilizing clamping hardware. A fabric clamp is a device for clamping the

edge of a fabric panel, usually a bar or channel shape and made of aluminum or steel. Fabric may also fasten to tensile cable by means of pockets or cuffs. A membrane plate is the metal plate attached to a membrane corner and used to secure the membrane to the frame. A catenary pocket (aka “banana pocket”) is the pocket that is placed at the perimeter of the fabric cover to secure the catenary cable. The pocket has a curve with a ratio that is defined by the fabric patterning, but is typically close to a 1:10 ratio. This means for every 10 feet of length, there will be about a foot of bend to it. Due to the curvature of the shape, the pocket is typically fabricated by sealing together two halves of the pocket together with an overlap of 1” to 2” at the outside edge of the pocket. A cable cuff is an edge treatment in which the fabric is folded over on itself to form a pocket in which a catenary cable can be installed. Weldment is an assembly of several parts joined by welds. In tensegrity structures the weldment is usually steel, for the attachment of cables and/or fabric. If may be free-floating or connected to other membranes. Two fabrics are joined across a seam. A lap seam is created when the two pieces being joined are overlapped by the width of the seam. A butt seam is created when the two pieces being joined are butted together and joined with a strip twice the width of the seam.

Fig.11 Basic concept diagram of Membrane Structure

top coat primer main coat adhesion layer base fabric adhesion layer main coat primer top coat

Fig.12 Membrane fabric material section diagram

Fig.13 Division of 3-d curved surface into stripes

5. Pros and Cons 5.1 Advantages

5.2 Disadvantages

[12] [13]. Gómez-Jáuregui, Valentin. Tensegrity Structures and their Application to Architecture. Servicio de Publicaci-ones Universidad de Cantabria,2010, p.90,91. (ISBN 9788481025750)

“1. Due to the ability to respond as a whole, it is possible to use materials in a very economical way, offering a maximum amount of strength for a given amount of building material (Ingber, 1998). In Vesna’s and Fuller´s words (2000), tensegrity demonstrates ephemeralisation, or the capability of doing more with less. Perhaps, ‘ethereal’ is more adequate than ‘ephemeral’. 2. They don’t suffer any kind of torque or torsion, and buckling is very rare due to the short length of their components in compression. 3. Tensional forces naturally transmit them-selves over the shortest distance between two points, so the members of a tensegrity structure are precisely positioned to best withstand stress. 4. The fact that these structures vibrate readily means that they are transferring loads very rapidly, so the loads cannot become local. This is very useful in terms of absorption of shocks and seismic vibrations (Smaili, 2003). Thus, they would be desirable in areas where earthquakes are a problem. 5. The spatial definition of individual tensegrity modules, which are stable by them-selves, permits an exceptional capacity to create systems by joining them together. This conception implies the option of the endless extension of the assembled piece (Muller, 1971). Further explanations will be provided in the next chapter. 6. For large tensegrity constructions, the process would be relatively easy to carry out, since the structure is self-scaffolding (Whelan, 1981)”. [12] “1. According to Hanaor (1997) tensegrity arrangements need to solve the problem of bar congestion. As some designs become larger (thus, the arc length of a strut decreases), the struts start running into each other. 2. The same author stated, after experimen-tal

research, “relatively high deflections and low material efficiency, as compared with conventional, geometrically rigid structures” (Hanaor, 1987, pp. 45) 3. The fabrication complexity is also a barrier for developing the floating compression structures. Spherical and domical structures are complex, which can lead to problems in production. (Burkhardt, 2004) 4. The inadequate design tools have been a limitation until now. There was a lack of design and analysis techniques for these structures. Kenner (1976) proposed shell analysis as the best way, although this is a bit distant from structural reality. In spite of this evidence, Pugh (1976) estimated, incorrectly, that as the connections between struts and tendons are pinned joints, the design and calculation of these figures was relatively simple. The past ten years, Burkhardt has been working on a computer program that, seemingly, works well enough to design and calculate tensegrities.5 and recently new software, “Tensegrité 2000”, has been developed by René Motro and his group at the Laboratoire de Génie Civil in Montpellier. 5. In order to support critical loads, the pre-stress forces should be high enough, which could be difficult in larger-size constructions (Schodeck, 1993).” [13]

6. Conclusion

Basic on the study of the precedent projects. Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;m trying to seek some possibilities to combine the tensegrity structure and membrane structure together and make it to be a movable structure. For the membrane, it could be use as a structure element as same as the tension cable in the tensegrity system, also to actuate the movable structure, change the length of the compression member might be possible. Also, there might have other solution for the movable tensegrity membrane structure. And we can see a lot of potentials of this type of structure.

References

[1]. Gómez-Jáuregui, Valentin. Tensegrity Structures and their Application to Architecture. Servicio de Publicaciones Universidad de Cantabria,2010(ISBN 9788481025750) [2]. Wang Bin Bing: Free-standing Tension Structures, in:Taylor&Francis,New York,2004(ISBN 0-415-33595-7) [3]. Prof. Dr-Ing. Rainer Barthel, Materialien zur Vorlesung Structural Design Flächen-und Raumtragwerk [4]. History, in: René Motro: Tensegrity: Structural Systems for the Future,2003, P.14, (ISBN:1903996376)

List of Figures

Fig.1 http://www.blackmountaincollegeproject.org/Biographies/ SNELSON%20KENNETH%20BIO/SNELSON%20KENNETH%20X%20FORM.htm Fig.7 Wang Bin Bing: Free-standing Tension Structures, Taylor&Francis,New York,2004(ISBN 0-415-33595-7) Fig.12 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann Membrane Structures workshop materials

Historical City Volterra Workshop Research study Team captain: James Timberlake FAIA Kieran Timberlake, Philadelphia in Volterra, Italy 2015

“Society and Technology: Water, Food, Waste and Energy”

The workshop consisted of three interwoven components: pre-workshop research, a lecture series, and a design challenge. The focus of the school teams’ pre-workshop research was on our universities’ hometowns. Following the general theme of the workshop, we studied the relationship between and mutual impact of the availability and distribution of fundamental resources (energy, water, food) and city development. All school teams presented their research during the workshop. The lecture series was designed to give students insight into the history and the contemporary problems of Volterra, as well as to present a modern vision of architectural research and practice. Beyond the general introduction and the historical tour of the city, the Volterra theme was continued in presentations made by the Director of the Pinacoteca in Volterra, archeologist Alessandro Furiesi (on water management in Volterra from antiquity to modern times), architect Andrea Bianchi (on the deterioration of the Tuscan landscape caused by the industrial use of land in Volterra territory) and the president of the social cooperative “La Torre” in Volterra Marco Bruchi (on the problems of garbage removal and recycling in Volterra). A connection between the context and the goal of the workshop was provided in lectures by Dean Will Wittig and Professor Wladek Fuchs (University of Detroit Mercy School of Architecture). Finally, James Timberlake gave two highly inspiring talks about “Making of an Architect”, as well as his firm’s design and research philosophy and most recent projects. At the core of the workshop was the unique opportunity for everybody to collaborate over an architectural design problem. The city of Volterra is a wonderful urban laboratory, presenting a great balance of the medieval city scale, form and tradition, contrasted with problems resulting from the needs of a living city organism. The site selected for the design challenge lies just outside of the city’s medieval walls, alongside the ruins of the Roman Theater, and it is bordered by one of the main streets bypassing the historic center. Currently used as a municipal parking lot, the site presents great potential for a much more significant role in the city’s urban fabric. The functional program of the project was branded as an “Ecological Forum”, a city district focused on the ecological values of urban living, and complementing the historical urban core of Volterra. The needs of the pedestrian and vehicular traffic in the area, as well as a car parking on the site were also a significant part of the functional program.

-site plan of the design project-

family waste recycling solid waste collection

curbside recycling composting

electronics recycling household hazardous waste

medication disposal yard waste christmas tree

mercury thermostat recycling

construction waste

champaign urbana waste management system subject category

landfill

recycle

classification of garbage

Solid Waste Haulers:

Champaign City ordinance requires every household to sign up for weekly solid waste pick-up.

All solid waste (trash, recyclables, etc.) collection in the City of Champaign is handled by private solid waste haulers.

Single Family Curbside Recycling Multifamily/FeedTheThing Recycling Program Solid Waste Collection Electronics Recycling Household Hazardous Waste Medication Disposal Mercury Thermostat Recycling Yard Waste and Christmas Tree Pickups Composting

ABC Sanitary Hauling, 217-356-0909 Advance Disposal, 217-345-7404 Allied Waste (now known as “Republic Services”), 217-367-2278 Area Disposal Service, Inc., 217-359-5188 Cook’s Sanitary, 217-493-1232 Hayden Sanitary, 217-356-0216 Illini Recycling, 217-356-0648 MCI Services, 217-337-6301 Shaffer’s Sanitary Company, 217-367-7119

Are we a sustainable city ?

mahomet aquifer

irrigation publicwater supply

commercial & industrial

self-supplied domestic

future withdrawals of 2050

mgd

champaign countyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s future water withdrawals in 2050. which public water supply will reach 33.6 mgd, domestic will reach 2.56mgd, commercial will reach 9.74mgd, irrigation 6.15mgd. data reported in million gallons per day (mgd.)

summary of waterwithdrawals

rainfall deficits in 1985-2005 growing seasons

irrigation water withdrawls during 1985-2005

[units_ inches]

[units_ mgd.]

11.77 10.16

5.32 4.50

10.24

4.93

6.76 4.87

1985

0.13

1990

1995

100

2000

2005

Source of water withdrawals for cropland irrigation 100% of the water withdrawals for cropland irrigation come from the ground water. surface water is not used for irrigation system.

1985

0.81

1990

1995

2000

2005

rethink all the irrigation water come from the ground water, rainfall deficits became higher. increase the rainfall collection system technology and bring the rainfall collection system to the master plan.

-concept sketch-

Create a new site identity which simulta neously recognizes the historical context Establish a stronger connection between the site and the urban fabric Use topography and landscape to facilitate a more unified site while improving environmental conditions Develop existing infrastructure for rainwater collection within the city by integrating it with an ecologically adaptive system Take advantage of natural processes created by site orientation while addressing the conflicts that are then created throughout the year

During the workshop, the students and professors were divided into three mixed groups, to generate and test multiple concepts. An additional level of design insight and inspiration was offered to all groups during the project reviews by James Timberlake, Will Wittig and Giulio Pucci (University of Pisa).

The Light of Central America Research study individual study in Arch 574 Professor: Thérèse F. Tierney University of Illinois 2014 Spring

-energy land on Lake Michigan-

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[ENERGY LAND]: The Light of Central Ameriacn

“Energy Land” Project is a new energy proposal of Chicago City. The whole project around the processing of producing energy, try to build a landmark of city Chicago to reform the skyline of city Chicago. Based on this conceptual design, make people involve the process of producing energy. The “Energy Land” produce energy in three different ways: produce energy through the LENR (Low Energy Nuclear Reaction); produce Hydrogen through HGH (hydrogen generation by hydrolysis) by separate the Infrared ray of the sunlight; produce electric energy by human’s activity. All these technologies are still in concept phase or in developing phase. But they will be widely use in the future. The LENR is in the central of “Energy Land”, the installed capacity could reach 100,000,000 kWh. It can provide the electric energy for the center American. When the fusion reactor producing the power, the light will brighten up the Michigan Lake, make the “Energy Land” looks like an “Artificial Sun” in the night, and reform the skyline of city Chicago. It will become a symbol of center American ---- “Light of Central American” and attract people to come and involve in the process of producing energy.

101

102

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People take the public transportation to the energy land. During the way people coming to the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Energy Landâ&#x20AC;?. It already producin mechanical energy, which means the movement of the vehicles, bicycle or human that pass on top of crystals and squeeze them in t vibration and the temperature changes that take place. The heavier the vehic

Then people will arrive at the transportation center. There has a bicycle rental center. People can rent a bike from here, go where ever t people can observe the fusion reactor closely. Or, people can go underwater. Most of the interior pr

The energy land have a system can produce hydrogen through the infrared ray from the sunlight. They can offer energy for the

Though this project, we try to find a new way to get people involved in the process of producing energy. That is the go

bike rental center public transit

oxygen bar

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ng energy. The “Energy Land” has the IPEG system under the road. Which using the mechanical energy to produce the energy. (By the process.) Other than the weight and motion of the vehicles passing above them, the crystals could also harness energy from the cle and the traffic that pass across the road, the greater the energy produced.

they want to go. All the road in the “Energy Land” built with the IPEG system. The transportation center near the cold fusion reactor, rograms are under the water. Because we try to create a new experience for normal human activity.

e transportation. At the same time we can get oxygen and supply it to the underwater program and the up water running track.

oal this project try to achieve. Perhaps in the near future, the “Energy land” central can light up the Central America.

IPEG generator system

underwater fitness center

LENR fusion reactor

-section diagram of energy land-

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UR-Form adapt into Urban Design urban design study team partner: Chang Gu Professor: ThĂŠrĂ¨se F. Tierney University of Illinois 2014 Spring

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This project is try to explore how the architecture would be in the future. Learning from nature always make architect get inspirations. This research start from one “wood magnified” photo. When we looking at this photo, we can imagine an urban scale form from it. We can see place of abode, the forest, lake and landscape, also we can see there has very busy transportation. So I try to explore the possibility of using this form as a reference to lead architecture design. By tracing the line work of this “wood magnified” photo, the whole plan of a city coming out. Combined every element of urban-planning, with the four elements- water, wind, air, and fire. That’s the gift from the nature.

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Dr. Peter Kitin Akita Prefectural University Institute of Wood Technology Akita-ken, Japan Subject Matter: Wood of Kalopanax pictus (Araliaceae) (200x) Technique: Confocal Laser Scanning Source from: http://www.nikonsmallworld.com/people/image/peter-kitin/1

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elevate extrusion

non-linear form

urban form proposal

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-contour layered prototype model-

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-3-d printed prototype model-

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-synapse by Ivan Minev and Rami Louca-

â&#x20AC;&#x153;In his research Ivan uses techniques developed by the semiconductor industry and apply them to soft materials that can be flexed and stretched. This novel approach will help to bridge the gap between rigid electronics and that of soft, living matter. Ivan will explore applications in prosthetics and tissue engineering. This Scanning Electron Microscope micrograph illustrates an experiment where Ivan fabricated a matrix of micro features. The features are small enough for biological cells to detect and interact with. This would enable Ivan and his team to study how the surrounding environment influences the many decisions a cell needs to make during its life cycle. The image invokes analogies with a neural circuit. You can see several 'neurons'; their cell bodies are large and round. They even project axons which join together in a synapse, the site where the electrical signal from one neuron jumps to the next.â&#x20AC;? - http://www3.eng.cam.ac.uk/photocomp/2009/

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-convert into 2-d diagram-

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This the second research uses techniques developed by the semiconductor industry and apply them to soft materials that can be flexed and stretched. This novel approach will help to bridge the gap between rigid electronics and that of soft, living matter. It allows the exploration of applications in prosthetics and tissue engineering. This Scanning Electron Microscope micrograph illustrates an experiment there is a matrix of micro features. The features are small enough for biological cells to detect and interact with. This would enable the research team to study how the surrounding environment influences the many decisions a cell needs to make during its life cycle. The image invokes analogies with a neural circuit. You can see several 'neurons'; their cell bodies are large and round. They even project axons which join together in a synapse, the site where the electrical signal from one neuron jumps to the next.

116

-contour layered prototype model-

117

-concept axonometric diagram-

118

The infrastructure is the skeleton of the city. It ensures the city function well. Depends on the density of people and peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s behavior, it allow the expanshion and contraction of public space, and the increasing and reducing height of the space.

119

Live

Work

Live

Park/ Shopping/ Gethering /Entertainment

-high density diagram-

Live / Work

Bio Park

Live / Work

Gethering / Shopping

The first model is established for city with high density of people. For large companies with a lot of employees, they typically need tall space. Live space for employees are located near their work space. Between the live and work space, is the buffer zone where satisfies peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s need for social and entertainment. The buffer zones are always the bio zones at the same time that serve the city. The infrastructure are sandwiched between the zones. The roads are a little bit detoured rather than straight for people to experience the variaty of the city.

120

Live

Work

Live

Park/ Shopping/ Gethering /Entertainment

Live / Work

Bio Park

Live / Work

Gethering / Shopping

-low density diagram-

The second model is established for city with low density of people. The live and work spaces are mixed together and the height of space is low. There is more space allow for creating large bio-park that can bring many more sustainable features to the city. Next to the live and work space, there is also gethering and shopping space to satisfy peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s need for social and entertainment.

121

Path live Path

park shopping gethering entertainment

Path

Path live + work park shopping gethering entertainment

122

-contour layered prototype model-

123

-concept axonometric diagram-

Program space is created to satisfy peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s need for live and work. Instead of being isolated, each space can have bridge or connectins to other space as needed. This brings more opportunity for people to interact with each other.

124

-3-d printed prototype model-

125

126

-adapt into urban public space form-

127

COMPETITIO 128

Bounding Glass 邊界 Competition Team: Shicheng Shen University of Illinois Sept. 2014

SanJuan Cruise HUB Competition Team: David Emmons, Claire Gaspin University of Illinois Dec. 2015

Beyond the Clouds Competition Team: David Emmons, Anthony Dombrowski University of Illinois Feb. 2015

129

Bounding Glass China glass building competition (silver award)

[Concept]:

130

The glass is an indefinite physique, namely has certain randomness in the carriage and structure. People carry on the manufacture through the fuse of rapid cooling glass and model its shape, which process implements control and restraint to its activity in certain space, performing certain order in the disorder. The exhibition hall formally is coming under the influence of glass characteristics. On one hand, the intention creates a space, microscopically has certain randomness, making each unit space present the different space structures. On the other hand, in the macroscopic level, as whole, the space that all units compose follows certain principle, manifests the uniformity. In brief, we call it the difference in the isotropy. As to the space district, owning to the different demands of exhibition hall, it was divided into the different units according to function. As a result of varying of function, the position of each unit, the amount of space occupied and geometric construction also differentiate from each other. For example the Glass Art Demonstration Center has a bigger amount of space occupied comparing to the Media Center, and approaches the core position of entire exhibition hall. Each unit, while having unique position and geometric form, must follow certain order, making the exhibition hall overall harmonious with consistently. Specifically, each unit is firstly placed into a parametric equation, stretches along the center of geometry, and it spins, revolves, and thus obtains a brand-new geometric form. Followed by the connections of the new and old two geometric forms through various means, the structure of each unit basically is completed. Similar to the molecular unit, each unit has a big entity with a small central entity; the small entity center becomes the unit core. The space of individual decomposition formally completes the streamline of entire exhibition hall through the centripetal connection. In the exterior space, the triangle top each unit has, has covered by the roof plant. This presentation was similar to undulating Mount Tai. The footpath design what allows people to touch the roof provides the visit pleasure and unique landscape experience. Additionally, the glass core of each unit center has increased the permeability of entire exhibition hall, gives more glass cultures and artistic connotations.

-glass museum under Mount Tai-

131

site analysis

site context

major transportation

concept diagram

inner connection

south elevation

132

inner yard+working space

major relationship analysis

landscape stage

combination

inner distribution

available space for future development

133

parametric diagram

134

study model

135

f2a

f2b

shape evolution 20

136

80 (ft.)

axonometric diagram

137

Plan A

138

f2a

f2b

80 (ft.)

Plan B

Plan C

Elevation

Section

139

140

installation rendering

141

142

San Juan Strip San Juan Cruise HUB Competition The Caribbean remains the favorite destination of cruise ships with 41% of the routes, according to statistics from the FCCA. The passengers went from 3 million in 1980 to 25 million in 2007. Puerto Rico is the most important Caribbean destination, receiving 1.3 million visitors a year. The port of Old San Juan is among the 20 largest in the world. Despite being the busiest port in the Caribbean, the current port infrastructure is insufficient and its precariousness makes it unsustainable. Boarding bridges do not offer any comfort or service. The loading and unloading is done through temporary outdoor stairs and the existing terminal is obsolete. Despite this, the port comes to accommodate up to 6 cruises simultaneously. For this reason, the competition is trying to design a new cruise terminal that optimizes the connection between the city and cruise ships.

And this source of uncertainty, thanks to the water, everything becomes clear: sand, mud, quiet water, flowing waters, the underlying watersâ&#x20AC;? Le Corbusier, Carnet No. 368 J 38

143

As one of the Caribbean’s most popular destinations, the port of San Juan is increasingly becoming the infrastructural hub of cruise tourism. The current temporary infrastructural system is proving to be inconsistent and convoluted, with no permanent terminal stations and an awkward transition from the water to the city. In our proposal, the pier strategy creates a linear strip of program and circulation which allows the form of the complex to reform the shape of the city. This also allows Old San Juan to have a direct relationship to the water’s edge along Calle Marina without being barricaded by cruise ships. Six cruise ships can dock in a diagonal scheme, connecting to the branches of the pier where the terminals are located. The pier becomes activated with markets, shops, and recreation areas – creating an “exit through the gift shop” experience for people visiting San Juan. The linearity and vibrancy of the scheme builds a strong one-point-perspective, reminiscent of the colorful streets of Old San Juan.

144

145

Beyond the Clouds reThinking competition honorable mention

At the outbreak of World War II, the Port of London was the busiest port in the world. As such, a large proportion of supplies to the UK entered by ships navigating the Thames. The German Navy quickly sought to put a stranglehold on this route, and to this end, utilized a new secret weapon – the magnetic influence mine. Whilst there were different variants of this mine, in simplistic terms, the mine was detonated by the presence of a large magnetic object – such as a steel hulled ship – passing in close proximity, without having to make physical contact. Guy Maunsell, a civil engineer, had produced plans for offshore defenses. At the time his ideas were considered somewhat eccentric, but he was asked to submit plans for an offshore fort as an effective means of dealing with the laying of the mines. Plans were drawn up, and after some modification, approval was given for the manufacture and installation of four offshore forts. Each tower was built off a reinforced concrete base of ‘Oxford picture frame’ design. Four hollow reinforced concrete legs of 3’ diameter supported the 36’ x 36’ steel house of two floors, with the military equipment installed on the top deck. Each fort comprised seven towers linked by tubular steel catwalks. In addition to the Mersey forts, three forts of similar construction were built in the Thames estuary, between May and December, 1943. They were known as the Nore, Redsand and Shivering sands Army Forts.

146

-original construction document drawing-

-function as fort at 1943-

“Resist whatever seems inevitable”

- Lebbeus Woods

147

-winter garden rendering-

The Sea Forts are in the Maunsell Sea, approximately 8 miles away from the nearest British coast. The coordinates are: Latitude: 51 ° 28’6.00 “N Longitude: 0 ° 59’6.00 “E

148

0 59’6.00 “E

KNOCK JOHN (NAVY)

Southend-on-Sea (pier)

10.9

miles SHIVERING SANDS (ARMY)

NORE (ARMY)

RED SANDS (ARMY) 5 miles

4 miles

3 miles

2 miles

51 28’6.00 “N

1 mile

Sheerness 9.6 miles

7.9 s

ile

es 6.4 mil

Herne Bay Whitstable

-site context analysis-

The infrastructures of communication and transport (highways, railways, flight corridors), are seeing as the most evident signs of the current system. Signs which become neutral guidelines for the future reorganization of the ground: reference bases, independent from edification, typified by velocity and sequence (and not anymore for continuity and contemplation) as a base for new activities, not only through their signs but over them: over lands which once where separated hierarchical and mono-functionality, and that today have become to absorb, gradually, complex and stratified programs defined in section from an intricate superposition of uses, in vertical and horizontal structures at the same time.

149

SITE CHALLENGE: WET CLIMATE & LOW ELEVATION PROGRAM IDEALS: DRY & HIGH ELEVATION

QUESTION: IN THIS ENVIRONMENT, HOW CAN WE SEE BEYOND THE CLOUDS?

In order to build upon this notion of “resistance,” we sought to create an opportunistic proposal for such a difficult melding of site and program. The abandoned Red Sands Forts present a unique task of transportation and mobility (how the hell do you get people here?), and program (what am I going to do/see when I get there?). This trend towards “high and dry” locations seems to contradict the location of the Red Sands Forts, which were designed as low, offshore defenses. However, looking optimistically at the challenge at hand, it also boons a remote ‘launching pad’ for astronomical observation. Our proposal seeks to bring people up, beyond the clouds, into a space where the air is thin and the stars are bright. Researchers, students, tourists, and dreamers are able to elevate and observe the infinite abyss. The structure is made of light-gauge steel frames and trusses, able to be lifted 8km into the air by five mega-hot-air-balloons. Organized in the six pods are observation telescope rooms, sleeping and eating quarters, as well as communal restrooms and workstations.

150

x5 LIFT

LIFT(ED)

The basis of how the balloon works is that warmer air rises in cooler air. This is because hot air is lighter than cool air as it has less mass per unit of volume. The actual balloon (called an envelope) has to be so large as it takes such a large amount of heated air to lift it off the ground. To help keep the balloon in the air and rising, hot air needs to be propelled upwards into the envelope using the burner.

Our design proposes 5 mega-hot-air balloons to lift the structure nearly 8000 meters in the air. The observation capsules are suspended from the balloons and can be controlled/driven by the central propellors and fins. Since the structure had to be incredibly light in order for the balloons to lift it, we scaled up the allowable volume, totalling a lift capability of almost 60,000 lbs

Common-sized balloon:

2800 m

of heated air can lift

Our proposed mega-hot-air balloon:

1521 lbs

21800 m of heated air can lift 11842 lbs 3

= 109000 m of heated air can lift 59210 lbs 3

151

CLOUDY

87%

The median cloud cover ranges from 70% (partly cloudy) to 90% (mostly cloudy), with an average annual cloud coverage of 87%. The sky is cloudiest on January 9 and clearest on August 9. The clearer part of the year begins around April 22. The cloudier part of the year begins around September 29. 32% OVERCAST 32% MOSTLY CLOUDY 23% PARTLY CLOUDY 13% CLEAR

HUMIDITY

80%

The relative humidity typically ranges from 48% (comfortable) to 95% (very humid) over the course of the year, rarely dropping below 33% (comfortable) and reaching as high as 100% (very humid). The air is driest around July 27, at which time the relative humidity drops below 55% (mildly humid) three days out of four; it is most humid around November 21, exceeding 93% (very humid) three days out of four.

ELEVATION Since 1970, there has been a seeming trend towards building observatories at higher elevations because of the dry air and unobstructed views. The average elevation of the “optical” and “infrared” structures during this time is 4325m above sea level.

Man has always been curious by nature, always wanting to know more, look, think and draw conclusions, ultimately investigate. For thousands of years humans have tried to decipher the mysteries of the planet we inhabit, and now has the means at its disposal, aims to discover the mysteries of the rest of the universe, infinite and incomprehensible. Science advances and so does knowledge (and also our ignorance consciousness). The universe infinity makes us tiny. But this does not make us cease our desire to know more. Choosing a theme to project into space is also understanding that we belong to a whole and we are not the only inhabitants in our surroundings (and who knows if from other worlds). The relationship with earth is evidenced (Earth vs World. Earth as ecological planet; world as planet inhabited by human beings). We are talking not about projecting an astronomical center, but study and investigate about new relationships between man and his surrounding (close and far), shorting the current relationships to potential endless possibilities abandoned since the discovery (and construction) of artificial and virtual environment.

152

153

154

155

STUDIO PROJECTS

Aples- jungfrau

156

â&#x20AC;&#x153;When an architect is asked what his best building is, he usually answers, 'The Next One'.â&#x20AC;? -Emilio Ambasz

157

"I'm not saying everybody has a social responsibility of what art they create, but art should be open-ended. I just feel there's a lack of consciousness and understanding of impact and reach. Just maybe, for a second, just think of the effect you could have with a lyric." -Mary Lambert

1. I.F.M â&#x20AC;&#x153;GATEâ&#x20AC;? "MEDIA" IN-BETWEEN

158

+Aples- Peak Matterhorn

Independent Film Museum: "Media" in-between PROFESSOR: PROJECT TYPE: SCALE: DATE: SITE LOCATION:

Dr. Tierney, Therese|tierney@illinois.edu Studio Project|Individual Work Urban Infill February, 2013 to May 2013,First year of MArch I Michigan Avenue and 9th Street,Chicago,IL

The brief was to design a museum for the display of a particular photographic and/or video medium. The content of the museum is left open for the students to choose, but ultimately the content must inform the design in a meaningful way. The site is 100â&#x20AC;&#x2122; x 80â&#x20AC;&#x2122; and must be 3 or more floors. Additionally, the museum must include a 30% void space, which could be interpreted in various ways.

159

Media in between a "gate" to connect the city and the people

The definition of â&#x20AC;&#x153;Mediaâ&#x20AC;? is the things in between. The site of this project is between the Michigan Ave. and the downtown of Chicago. So, in other words, this site is a Media. According the particularity of the site, this project is A Media Museum- A museum of Independent Film. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s very important in today that architects think about the responsibility of the site and the city, try to use building to give back to the site and the city. As well as give more public space back to the city, connect the site area, offer more opportunities for colorful life. So what we can give back to the site and even the city? My answer is offer more public space to this area. Since the most of the garden and parks located at the west side of the Michigan Blvd, and all the buildings located at the east of the Michigan Blvd, and the road itself is wide enough to make it is considering as the boundary between the city and the green space.

160

site between lake michigan and chicago

typically way for infill object

lift parti up for more public space

a gate inbetween lake michigan and chicago

161

OFFICE S/R ROOM INFORMATION

WORKSHOP

THEATER

DOCK

RECEPTION

KITCHEN

CHECKROOM GALLERIES

CONFERENCE

CAFÉ BAR

RED CARPET

SECURITY

POP CORN

MAINTAIN

GIFT STORE

BANQUET HALL

BATHROOM

MEDALS PODIUM

CHECK IN

SEMINAR

STORAGE

INFRASTRUCTURE

BATHROOM

M.E. SPACE

BATHROOM

x2 +

LIBRARY

FOOD&DRINK

INFRASTRUCTURE

Surprising.

162

Enjoying.

Learning.

Thinking.

-plan of theatre and gallery ramp-

163

164

Since the site is in between two existing buildings, typical way for infill design on the site will be a square box. Consider the responsibility to this area, public space should be incorporate into the site. After I organized the programs that required, I separate different programs into several “parti”. Then try to construct them together. During the study model phase, I notice that a “gate” form is a strong language to connect Michigan Ave, and the city back (which is huge contrast with the magnificent mile). The “gate” form is trying to lift the program up which require specific structure consideration. For the structure design, I used close spacing steel truss system which spans 50 feet to support the theater. As shown in the structural model.

165

-north tower section-

166

-south tower section-

167

Spandrel Beam

Shading Device

“X” Steel Bracing

Double Pane Glazing

6" Composite metal deck.

Gypsum Board Ceiling

1'6" Deep Steel Joist

Shading Device

168

-concrete slab and wall diagram-

169

170

long span inbetween two towers, use dense space truss system

171

2 . infrastructure as theatre

“Everything has beauty, but not everyone sees it.” ― Confucius

172

+ AplesPeak Weisshorn

Champaign Train Museum: Infrastructure as Theatre PROFESSOR: PROJECT TYPE: SCALE: DATE: SITE LOCATION:

Camden Greenlee|camden.greenlee@gmail.com Capstone Studio Project|Individual Work Urban Public Building May, 2013 to July 2013,First year of MArch I Champaign,IL

This capstone studio is aim to design a functional public building that meet the illinois state building code. Also design the HVAC system for it. Based on the requirement from the project programming, we needed to design a museum that contains the train exhibition. The site is located at Downtown area of City Champaign, close to the city train station.

173

174

Lost space in city a space to celebrate the infrastructure People usually neglect the view they saw everyday, and get boring easily. Especially the infrastructure. We could see the infrastrucutre everywhere but never consider it could motivate our emotions. Most of the time, people treat it as a function structure, and never use it, so it created a type of space in the city which I called it the “lost space”. Since people never use this type of space, redevelop this type of space might create totally different experience. The highline in New York is a good example for the experienmental infrastructure. Based on the site of this project, the space between the site and the rail track will considered as the lost space. People usually do not stay this space, since the life safety issue. But it also bring out an idea is “how to see the world differently.” I started ask myself what if I use the “lost space” as a theator, since it is so close to the rail track. Which means the project offer a space for people to slow down or sit down. People could rethink about the view that they never notice before.

-bird view of the Champaign train museum-

175

Banal... Every Day!

I can do this all day long.

This is so Romantic!

176

Deep, the view is always the same and makes me feels boring!

Deep, peoples are waving, are they saying hello to us?

177

-train theatre next to the rail track-

178

vegetation-free strip gravel concrete curb gravel emergency overflow roof drain with parapet wall concrete cladding

plant erosion control (wind blanket) growth medium 6” filter fabric drainage: 4” granular filter fabric thermal insulation leak detection system protection layer roof barrier waterproof membrane metal deck wide flange beam weld connection spandrel beam celling panel “I” section column aluminum mulion double pane glass

179

180

-main entry of the champaign train museum-

181

12 2 4 5 1 3

9 13

11 7

ground level plan

182

21 15 20 20

20 20

second floor plan

third floor plan

1. EXHIBITION GALLERY 2. MAIN EXHIBITION SPACE 3. ENGINE AND PROPULSION EXHIBITION 4. STORAGE 5. PUBLIC RESTROOM 6. WORK SHOP 7. SECURITY ROOM 8. RECEPTION ROOM 9. WORK SHOP 10. OFFICE 11. AUDITORIUM 12. RECEIVING ROOM 13. GIFT SHOP 14. INFORMATION DESK 15. HISTORY AND INNOVATION GALLERY 16. LIBRARY 17. TRAIN THEATER 18. PUBLIC RESTROOM 19. CLASSROOM 20. STAFF RESTROOM 21. ORIENTATION ROOM

183

184

air duct axon diagram supply return

185

-view from the train-

Based on the requirement from the project programming, we needed to design a museum that contains the train exhibition. Among all, our first task was to design a track to bring the train into the gallery space. The train track is approximately 10 ft higher than the ground level. Which means there has 10 ft height difference between the track and the ground level. But if we could take the advantage of the height difference, an new observation experience will be created. I decided to lift up the train that people could walk under the train and experience it. Then I decided to use steel frame to keep the train track at the same height and create an observing space under the train. People can go observing and discovering the mechanical part, which located at the bottom level of the train much closer.

186

-section of the Champaign train museum-

187

188

189

INTEGRATED DESIGN HIGH-RISE TOWER ON 401 NORTH WABASH AVE. “At the time form follows function was coined, how a building became three-dimensional was programmatic. Many otter things now come into play: environment, costs, time, qualitative aspects of the building's materiality. This is a very different alchemy than form following function.” James Timberlake

Aples-Blanc

190

Integrated Design: High-Rise Tower on 401 N. Wabash PROFESSOR: PROJECT TYPE: CREDIT TO: SCALE: DATE: SITE LOCATION:

Dr. Michael Kyong-il Kim|mkkim1@illinois.edu Studio Project|Team Work Alexis Leung, Hu Peng, Samantha S. Park High-Rise Design August, 2013 to December 2013,Second year of MArch I 401 North Wabash Avenue,Chicago,IL

Advanced architectural studio with emphasis on Comprehensive Integrative Design for maximum value creation under the realistic technical, legal, and budgetary limitations. The subject projects are technologically demanding and functionally Tall Building. The project is redesign the Trump Tower in Chicago which recently designed by SOM. On a rotating basis, the firms serve as the Teaching Offices with their senior members serving as Expert Consultants as well as the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Client.â&#x20AC;? To acquire the skills for successful project execution, the projects are executed collaboratively through project teams under strict time-budget and project requirements through comprehensive integrative design process to arrive at maximum value creation.

191

[introduction]:

192

he site is located near the heart of the Chicago Loop downtown Business District, one of the world’s largest commerce districts. The Loop consists of Chicago’s commercial core, the City Hall and the Seat of Cook County - the largest county in the U.S. after Los Angeles, California. It also includes major functions such as the Chicago Board of Trade Building and Willis (formerly Sears) Tower. The loop is bounded by the Chicago River on West and North, Lake Michigan on East, and Roosevelt Road on South. Trump Tower is situated at 401 North Wabash Avenue in the River North Gallery district, which is a part of the Near North Side community area of Chicago. The building occupies the site vacated by the Chicago Sun-Times, the city’s two major newspapers. The site is located at the end of Rush Street, which is surrounded by River Plaza on North, the Chicago River on South, the Wrigley Building and the Michigan Avenue Bridge on East, and Marina City Towers and IBM building on West. The site is visible from the river traffic such as the opening to Lake Michigan, Lake Shore drive overpass, and Columbus Drive Bridge. It is located across the Chicago River from the Chicago loop, Chicago’s main business district. Trump Tower is located one block south of the Magnificent Mile on Michigan Avenue, a major shopping district.

-winter garden rendering-

193

[goals and objectives]:

Goal 3- Investment Val

To develop Efficient and cost effective m ods of construction

Ease of construction

Goal 1- Functional Utility

Implement the use of core

To provide comfortable living through luxuries spaces

Speed of construction

Use Regular grid layout

To provide comfortable living through luxuries spaces Thermal control for each unit Regulate indoor outdoor temperature

Provide wayfinding and security Implementing security checkpoints Clearly define public and private spaces

Facilitate smooth execution of daily operations. Develop simple networking of building service and workers Separate all BOH operations from general public

Create a central hubs for active circulation Clearly defined lobby spaces that bring the public to their destination

Modular design Fabricated construction

To implem

Develo

Resta

Reta

5-Sta Bar

Provid

Goal 2- Aesthetic Value To be visually pleasing and complement the overall aesthetic of Chicago

Demonstrating an understanding of the surrounding context View development to Chicago River front and city life Proper material selection Relatable form with surrounding buildings

194

Fitne

Priva

lue

meth-

Goal 5- Meronic Value To enhance the quality of the riverfront and future developments

Connect community and access Plaza space Bicycle friendly

Garden space development Sky garden Safe public green spaces

Development of the river walk Public seating Sub plaza spaces

Goal 6- Constructability

Goal 4- Social Responsiveness

ment opportunities to provide maximum return on investment

op commercial space

aurant located with views

ail placed with high pedestrian flow

ar Hotel

de 5-star amenities

ess center and Spa

To leads in sustainability & enhances the culture of Chicago

Efficient mechanical space Reuse similar cooling system of previous property

Proper daylighting Layout for proper daylight penetration

Create intuitive circulation

ate performance space

ate terrace

Goal 7- Preservation and Sustainability To provide a design for future development

Design for ease of adaptability Create an effective open floor system for configuration Create modular rooms for future modifications

195

concrete spandrel guide rall

water proffing thermal insulation aluminum mulion

double pane glass double pane glass

2â&#x20AC;&#x2122; joist

aluminum mulion

spandrel beam

4x4 concrete column

-observation deck roof section-

196

+ OBS,66’ 21,300sf

OBSERVATION RESTAURANT M.E.P.

RES. 16’ 12,780sf

M.E.P. 26’, 12,780 sf

TOTAL GSF: 2.1 M sf CONDO: 1,170,000 sf PARKING: 278,000 sf/ 320 spots MEP: 98,850 sf ABOVE GROUND HEIGHT: 1,333 ft. UNDERGROUND: 35 ft. FLOORS: 112 Floors above 2 Floors below

CONDOMINIUM

M.E.P. 26’, 17,000 sf

M.E.P.

CONDO UNITS 10’8”each, 75F, in total 800’ 1,169,500sf

CONDOMINIUM

M.E.P. 26’, 17,000 sf

M.E.P.

CONDOMINIUM

M.E.P. 26’, 21,370 sf

HOTEL ROOMS 10’8”, 15F 21,370 sf each in total 160’ 320,500 sf

M.E.P.

FITNESS 16’,21,370 sf SPA 16’,21,370 sf

HOTEL

SPA & FITNESS RESTAURANT

RESTAURANT FOR HOTEL, 16’ 21,370 sf PARKING, 10’ each, 34,550sf each, 6F in total 60’, 278,100 sf, 320 spots

M.E.P.

2BALLROOMS, CONFERENCE (4F) OFFICE (4F), 25’ each, 55,800 sf

BALLROOM & CONFERENCE

RETAIL + WINTER GARDEN

M.E.P.

RETAIL+M.E.P., 17’, 53,000 sf RETAIL+M.E.P., 18’, 53,000 sf

197

198

TOTAL GSF: 2.1M sf ............. CONDO: 1,170,000 sf ............. HOTEL: 400,000 sf .............PARKING: 278,000 sf/320 spots .............MEP: 98,850 sf AB OVEGROUND HEIGHT: 1,333 ft .............Underground: 35 ft FLO ORS: .............11 2 Floors above .............2 Floors below

[Retail Parking]

[Ballroom]

[Service]

[Hotel]

[Condominium]

[Restraunt]

[Observation]

M.E.P., 26', 17,000 sf

CONDO, 10'8", 17,000 sf each, 25f, in total 266'8", 425,000 sf

M.E.P., 26', 17,000 sf

CONDO, 10'8", 12,780 sf each, 25f, in total 266'8", 319,500 sf

Top Roof (OBS), 50', 8,520 sf OBS, 16', 12,780 sf RES, 16', 12,780 sf MEP, 26', 12,780 sf

Ballroom Conference Hotel Service Hotel Condo Service Observation Restraunt 3# Condo stop @ parking 2# Condo stop @ parking 1# Condo stop @ parking Retail Parking

RETAIL + MEP, 18', 53,000 sf

RETAIL + MEP, 17', 53,000 sf

LOBBY, RETAIL, 30', 68,000 sf

2 BALLROOMS, CONFERENCE(4F), OFFICE (4F), 25' each, 55,800 sf

PARKING, 10' each, 34,550sf each, 6 f, in total 60', 278,100 sf, 320 units

RESTAURANT FOR HOTEL, 16', 21,370 sf

FITNESS CENTER, 16', 21,370 sf SPA, 16', 21,370 sf

HOTEL ROOMS, 10'8", 21,370 sf each, 15 f, in total 160', 320,500 sf

M.E.P., 26', 21,370 sf

CONDO, 10'8", 17,000 sf each, 25f, in total 266'8", 425,000 sf

+ 199

Local water supply Domestic Cold Water Domestic Hot Water Sprinkler

200

Exhaust Return Local Air Supply

201

-river side retail rendering-

202

-over all bird view rendering-

203

20 standard room + 4 small suites 11 floors in total in total 220 standard + 44 small suites 0 5

0 5

standard room: ave. 480 sq. ft. small suite: ave. 1,050 sq. ft

10 large suites 3 floors in total in total 30 large suites 204

20 standard room + 4 small suites 11 floors in total in total 220 standard + 44 small suites 0 5

10 large suites 3 floors in total in total 30 large suites

0 5

5 delux + 1 presidential 1 floor

0 5

standard room: ave. 480 sq. ft. small suite: ave. 1,050 sq. ft

205

0 5

00 55

10 10

20 20

40 40

9 one-bed + 3 two-bed #2 25 floors in+total 3 two-bed #2 9 one-bed in one-bed + 75 two-bed 25 total floors225 in total in total 225 one-bed + 75 two-bed

206

0 5

00 55

10 10

20 20

40 40

N. N.

N. N. N.

9 one-bed + 3 two-bed #2 25 floors in total 9inone-bed 3 two-bed #2two-bed total 225+one-bed + 75 25 floors in total in total 225 one-bed + 75 two-bed 0 5

0 5

3 two-bed + 3 three-bed 25 floors in total 3intwo-bed 3 three-bed total 75 + two-bed + 75 three bed 25 floors in total in total 75 two-bed + 75 three bed 0 5

0 5

N. N.

207

-model with site context-

208

[Sustainable Aspects]:

he use of solar Panels will be used in conjunction with electric water boilers at our intermediate mechanical levels. The main mechanical located on the -2 level will continue to be powered by natural gas but to maintain heat for domestic use electric water boilers will be used. The advantage of using electric boilers are the reduction of piping for natural gas lines, on demand hot water to reduce idle energy and its ability to work in conjunction with our planned solar panel system. The solar panels will be located on the East, South, and West facades of the building to generate electricity. These will cover the spandrels of the building creating total of about 100,000 square feet of area to produce electricity. Assuming 13-14% efficiency for every 100 square feet a PV array can create 1 Kw/h making a total of 1000 Kw/h. A High capacity electric water boiler by Chroma lox uses 150 Kw on the low end and 1600 Kw at peak use. So assuming constant use the solar array can operate two boilers at medium capacity. But because this is primarily residential and we assume people will be out working the demand for hot water will be lower during the day. Because the electric boilers function on demand the electricity not being used in an idle state can be used to supplement the peak energy use for the hotel functions. Along our main public areas we have installed Pavgen piezoelectric floor panels. These generate electricity upon being compressed. The amount of electricity generated per step is about 7 watts where 5% is can be used to light a small LED in the panel and the other 95% can be stored away into a battery or can be used immediately. These panels are made up of 80% recycled materials and the top surface is made 100% of recycled old tires. They are highly durable and are water proof. Using this we can create a dynamic light environment where people can directly contribute to sustainability. The other benefit of using this system is that sensors can be installed to monitor pedestrian traffic flow. If traffic is non-existent then lights in the area can be dimmed to a minimum in order to conserve electricity.

209

LEE

Proje

Susta

24 Y

Y 1 5 1 6 1 3 2

N Prereq 1 Credit 1 Credit 2 Credit 3

Credit 4.

Credit 5.

1 1 1 1 1

Credit 6.

Credit 7.

Credit 7. Credit 8

Wate

Y 2 2 2

Prereq 1 Credit 1 Credit 2 Credit 3

Ener

Y Y Y 5 3 2

Prereq 1 Prereq 2 Prereq 3 Credit 1 Credit 2 Credit 3 Credit 4

3 2 10 Y 3 1 2 1

Credit 5 Credit 6

Mate Prereq 1

Credit 1.

Credit 1. Credit 2 Credit 3

Function

Condom

Hotel R

P Hotel Am

Parkin O Hig

Ground Level L ME Tot

210

ED 2009 for New Construction and Major Renovations

401 N WABASH

ect Checklist

DEC 06 2013

ainable Sites

Possible Points: 26 Y

Construction Activity Pollution Prevention Site Selection Development Density and Community Connectivity Bro w nf ie l d Re de v e l o pme nt Alternative Transportation—Public Transportation Access Alternative Transportation—Bicycle Storage and Changing Rooms Alternative Transportation—Low-Emitting and Fuel-Efficient Vehicle Alternative Transportation—Parking Capacity Sit e De v e l opme nt —Prot e c t or Re s t ore Ha b it a t Sit e De v e l opme nt —Ma x imiz e Ope n Spa c e St ormw a t e r De s ig n—Qua nt it y Cont rol St ormw a t e r De s ig n—Qua l it y Cont rol Heat Island Effect—Non-roof Heat Island Effect—Roof Light Pollution Reduction

er Efficiency

N Credit 4 Credit 5 Credit 6

1 13 Y Y 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Credit 7

Credit 1 Credit 2 Credit 3.1 Credit 3.2 Credit 4.1 Credit 4.2 Credit 4.3 Credit 4.4

2 to 4 2 2 to 4

Possible Points: 35

Fundamental Commissioning of Building Energy Systems Minimum Energy Performance Fundamental Refrigerant Management Optimize Energy Performance On-Site Renewable Energy Enhanced Commissioning Enhanced Refrigerant Management Measurement and Verification Green Power

1 to 19 1 to 7 2 2 3 2

Possible Points: 14

Storage and Collection of Recyclables Building Reuse—Maintain Existing Walls, Floors, and Roof Building Reuse—Maintain 50% of Interior Non-Structural Elements1 Construction Waste Management Materials Reuse

1 to 3

1 1 1 1 1 1

Credit 6.1 Credit 6.2 Credit 7.1 Credit 7.2 Credit 8.1 Credit 8.2

Innovation and Design Process

Credit 1.1 Credit 1.2 Credit 1.3 Credit 1.4 Credit 1.5

Credit 2

Regional Priority Credits

1 1 1

Credit 1.1 Credit 1.2 Credit 1.3

minium 1-Bd 2-Bd 3-Bd

Room

Standard Small Suites Large Suites Delux Suites Presidential Suites menity Hotel Restaurant

ng Lot Observation Tower gh End Restaurant Spa Fitness Center (lobby and retail) Lower Level Retail EP tal

Net Area Provided Avg. Area Subtotal (sq. ft.) # of Units (sq. ft.) 750 948,750 1,000 450 450,000 1,550 225 348,750 2,000 75 150,000 300 215,900 480 220 105,600 1,050 44 46,200 1,600 30 48,000 2,400 5 12,000 4,100 1 4,100

Possible Points: 6 1 1 1 1 1 1

Possible Points: 4 1 1 1 1

Total

Possible Points: 110 Silver 50 to 59 points

Gross Area Midterm GSF Provided (sq. Efficiency Data (sq. ft.) ft.) 1,169,500 0.81 1,380,000

320,550

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Regional Priority: Specific Credit Regional Priority: Specific Credit Regional Priority: Specific Credit Regional Priority: Specific Credit

Certified 40 to 49 points

nal Area

Possible Points: 15

Innovation in Design: Specific Title Innovation in Design: Specific Title Innovation in Design: Specific Title Innovation in Design: Specific Title Innovation in Design: Specific Title LEED Accredited Professional

1 to 2 1 to 2 1 1

Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring Increased Ventilation Construction IAQ Management Plan—During Construction Construction IAQ Management Plan—Before Occupancy Low-Emitting Materials—Adhesives and Sealants Low-Emitting Materials—Paints and Coatings Low-Emitting Materials—Flooring Systems Low-Emitting Materials—Composite Wood and Agrifiber Products Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control Co nt ro l l a b il it y o f Sy s t e ms —Lig ht ing Controllability of Systems—Thermal Comfort Thermal Comfort—Design The rma l Comf o rt —Ve rif ic a t io n Daylight and Views—Daylight Daylight and Views—Views

Credit 1.4

1 to 2 1 to 2

Recycled Content Regional Materials Ra p idl y Re ne w a b l e Ma t e ria l s Certified Wood

Indoor Environmental Quality Prereq 1 Prereq 2

Credit 5

Water Use Reduction—20% Reduction Wa t e r Ef f ic ie nt La nds c a ping Innov a t iv e Wa s t e w a t e r Te c hnol og ie s Water Use Reduction

erials and Resources

1 1

1 5 1 6 1 s3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1

Possible Points: 10

rgy and Atmosphere

Materials and Resources, Continued

Gold 60 to 79 points

Platinum 80 to 110

Excess / Deficiency (sq. ft.) -210,500

Programed Gross Area (sq. ft.) 1,100,000

Excess / Deficiency (sq. ft.) 69,500

405,000

-84,450

2,600,000

-458,010

0.67

336,000

-15,450

0.87 0.90 0.83 0.77 0.77 0.83 0.82

428,400

-150,300

2,532,600

-390,610

21,370

29,215

243,270 19,070 10,550 16,500 16,500 56,280 43,292

278,100 21,300 12,780 21,370 21,370 68,000 53,000 98,850 2,141,990

211

-hotel lobby rendering-

212

-14th restraunt deck rendering-

213

4. ECO-CITY “I think buildings should imitate ecological systems.” Ken Yeang

214

+Aples- Peak Eiger

ECO-CITY: Sustainable City Design PROFESSOR: PROJECT TYPE: SCALE: DATE: SITE LOCATION:

Dr. Tierney, Therese|tierney@illinois.edu Studio Project|Team Work, Credit to: Chang Gu Urban Complex February,2014 to May,2014,Second year of MArch I Chicago,IL

Learning from Silicon valley, Google has decided to relocate its R&D headquarters to Chicago. In a strategic private/public partnership between Google, UIUC and City of Chicago, an ECO district will be designated that advances intelligent and sustainable design. It will also serve as a testbed for environmental models, including new modes of transportation.

215

[Urban Design]: a new urban proposal for city chicago The Chicago River site is currently slated for development. The approach responding to current socio-economic trends by promoting: •A Platform of Collaboration where innovative people come together to leverage the opportunities of association with other innovators, small and large firms that form an ecosystem of ideas creation and knowledge sharing; •Providing Public Spaces and Programs that help incubate exchange between people, ideas and creativity; •Developing a 24-hour Neighborhood that works for flexible lifestyles, fully embracing the live-work nature of housing, providing a mix of uses that are active both day and night.

As the Earth’s atmosphere continues to warm, cities around the Great Lakes will need to adapt to changes in regional climate over the next century. These changes include higher air temperatures; shifts in the timing, frequency, and severity of precipitation events; declining lake levels; and higher water temperatures. Changes to regional climate pose increased risks to the water resources, built environment and infrastructure, ecosystems, and recreation and tourism sectors that already face other pressures such as invasive species, urban development, and economic competition. --NOAA “Planning Guide for Great Lakes Restoration, 2011 In response, this research investigates innovative methods, models and measures of urban design for the 21st century. Foregrounding the nascent reciprocity between ecology, economy and energy, the research opens a horizon on reimagining urban form in response to climate change, sustainable practices and new patterns of habitation.

216

park distribution

transportation analyses

chicago culture loop

chicago city grid

217

sustainable system

green roof

chicago river

collect rain water wind generator

wet land grey water supply for wetland

charging station

water treatment

smart grid system

218

solar panel

wind generator

solar panel

health track

lake michigan piezo electric generator

connect to smart grid

The energy proposal is based on the smart grid system. A smart grid is an electrical grid which includes a variety of operational and energy measures including smart meters, smart appliances, renewable energy resources, and energy efficiency resources. Electronic power conditioning and control of the production and distribution of electricity are important aspects of the smart grid. When smart grid has been introduced into urban infrastructure, any type of electricity generator could connect into the smart grid instead of serve to a closed system. Solar energy, wind energy, IPEG system created the carbon zero system.

219

Topography Rebuilt using greater context to form the new city topography

Since the city already has it-self's architecture topography, so the new Eco-district should respect the important information and context around the site. React with the greater context is necessary. Major education, commercial, conference, museum serves as control point to form the new Eco-district's Architectural topography.

220

-topography rebuild installation-

221

Conferences, workshops, symposium, exhibition and competitions are some formal ways that people exchange idea but are only hold once or several times a year. We feel like that these forms of communication should be embedded into our daily life. The idea should be spread and shared with no time limitation which will allow people to maximize the power of intelligence. After the research of reform the topography of the site, we start to use important information as control point to influence the program layout. Also a walkable district is one of the major goals in this project, so the grid system should be welcome use for people's public activity, walking. A new district grid has been formed based on the quick accessibility of the public green space.

vs.

city grid

222

vs.

public space adjacence

vs.

program adjacence

topography

high speed

green space

water

low speed

pedestrian

program function

building diagram

Business Center

Forum

Convention Center Art Center major program

223

S. STATE ST.

S. CLARK ST.

S. CANAL ST.

PING TOM PARK SOUTH BRANCH CHICAGO RIVER E. 18TH ST.

master plan of eco district

224

ROOSEVELT RD.

live-work shopping

commercial

business

shopping forum

business

art market residential

transportation activity

conference programs with new topography of the site

225

226

bird view of eco distrct Chicago

227

Communication rethinking of the idea exchange space and method Conferences, workshops, symposium, exhibition and competitions are some formal ways that people exchange idea but are only hold once or several times a year. We feel like that these forms of communication should be embedded into our daily life. The idea should be spread and shared with no time limitation which will allow people to maximize the power of intelligence.

Spanish Stair

Winding Water

228

Paint of Seurat

BAUHAUS Dorm

river side public landscape concept

229

230

north-south section of Eco-district

231

5. iDEA Hub

concept design

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.â&#x20AC;? Margaret Mead

232

AplesAiguille du Midi +

IDEA HUB: Idea Exchange Research PROFESSOR: PROJECT TYPE: SCALE: DATE: SITE LOCATION:

Dr. Tierney, Therese|tierney@illinois.edu Studio Project|Team Work, Credit to: Chang Gu Urban Complex February,2014 to May,2014,Second year of MArch I Chicago, IL

After finished the master plan of the Eco-city, we moved onto the architecture strategy design to achieve our concept and goals. Which the concept of “idea hub” has been formed. Based on the module bubble concept, our task is to use architecture and urban strategy to inspire people and to provide platform for idea.

233

-site context analysis-

234

IDEA

HUB is an architecture and urban strategy aimed at gathering ideas about the future life and engaging people into the creative process. As a new form of public amenity, it is both a research center and a theme park-like space to entertain people with various activities. Who can be part of the IDEA HUB? Anyone! We want to encourage people to think and to have the health of disregard of impossibility. An innovation, a product or a feasible solution, need to be carried through three phases: identify problem, possible solution and breakthrough technology. Any thoughtful and committed citizens can involve into the first two phases. The most valuable produce they sell is idea. Then, firms, companies and individuals can practice the ideas with the research facilities.

235

236

operable window

roof garden

water collection

oxygen bar

operable window is applied on the top of the roof garden which is controlled according to weather and time

roof garden could be both indoor space and outdoor space.

rain water can flow along the building structure and can be collected under the road infrastructure

after water splitting, the generated oxygen is used in spaces for exercise and experimentation.

solar glass

media glass

PIEZO energy

program sensitive glass

transparent solar glass allows the sun light to generate electricity as well as light up the spaces.

the media glass is a display to delivery information and screen for people to interact with.

the piezo-electric crystals is embedded in the road of all forms of transportation to harness energy.

the glass can change its transparency depends on the program needs of light and privacy.

physical section model at 1/32"=1'

237

SMART GRID SYSTEM

PIEZO ENERGY

46%

We are proposing use wind turbine to generate electricity that serve the area. There are both wind farm on the Michigan Lake and wind turbines on the south side of the site. They are connected to smart grid to allow flexibility and increasing

The technology is called IPEG or Piezo Electric Generator. Entailling the integration of piezo-electric crystals on the road to harness energy. A one kilometer stretch of road with piezoelectric srystals could generate 400kw/h. The power produced could be fed to the grid or be used directly by public infrastructures such as road lighting and the like.

26%

H2 AND O2 Highly efficient solar energy utilization is very desirable in photocatalytic water splitting. It is regarded as the holy grail of chemistry. The latest technology is a new mechanism for water splitting in which near-infrared light can be used to produce hydrogen. Through producing the hydrogen, se also get the oxygen. Which can be used carefully for people who coming to the Site. Use the Oxygen for the oxygen bar for people. And use hydrogen can used for

O2 TRAIN BROUGHT PEOPLE Taking advantage of the existing track, the train can bring people to the site as well as take trash away.

238

2H2O==2H2+O2

H2O

In so to

H2O

28%

nstead of using traditional solar panel, we are proposing using olar window technoogy which enables see through windows o generate electricity by “spraying” the glass surface.

WATER TREATMENT

hand wash

Shower

RAIN FALL COLLECTION

WATER TREATMENT

GREY WATER The grey water can be recycled on site to be used for WC flushing, landscape irrigation and construted wetland. Technic, such as filtration and microbial digestion, can be used to purify the water.

energy loop system diagram

239

There are several goals we want to achieve: 1. Involve everyone into the creative process. The major related programs are forum space, conference space, a movie theater. We want to create an environment that encourage all the citizens with different background to discuss and hear from each other to identify problems and generate fiction-sounding solutions for the identified problems. 2. Enhance connection between spaces thus ease the interaction and communication between people. The major related programs are research labs, studios and office space. We want to encourage the collaborations of firms, companies and individuals coming from different disciplines to make the solutions possible. 3. Achieve a balanced and health environment. The IDEA HUB should be an example of how we could live and work better in the future. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s important to have the locations of all the functions carefully organized as well as to balance the relationship between human and nature.

240

241

ecotect analysis model

242

central open space of idea hub

243

244

245

6. Haiti CO-OP

system

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The more generous we are, the more joyous we become. The more cooperative we are, the more valuable we become. The more enthusiastic we are, the more productive we become. The more serving we are, the more prosperous we become.â&#x20AC;? William Arthur Ward

Aples- Peak Monch

246

HAITI CO-OP SYSTEM:

Architecture Reaction to Social Problems PROFESSOR: PROJECT TYPE: SCALE: DATE: SITE LOCATION:

Dr. Lynne M. Dearborn|dearborn@illinois.edu Studio Project|Team Work, Credit to: Minhoo Kim Agriculture planning proposal June,2014 to July,2014,Second year of MArch I Petite-RiviĂ¨re-de-Nippes, Haiti

Engaging with a rural community in Haiti, a number of social problems were identified through series of exercises, including creating a city map, interviews, field observations, etc. After proposing a master plan for the town development, a comprehensive solution to address food security was devised to enhance the livelihood of small scale farmers. In attempt to increase productivity and competence of local agriculture in both local and global context, various strategies incorporating education, farmer's co-op, bamboo construction and low-tech sustainable agricultural model were explored.

247

trad

e lib era

liza

weak gove

tion

hig

reduce affororda d supp

rnance

ity b il

t for do mestic

hd ep

end

enc

yo n

che

ape r

small fa rmer

sub

sidiz ed

high dome sti

losin

foo

d im p

ort

g com petiti

c produc tio

n cost

on in food

mark et

b aila av

preference for ‘ready to cook’ & ‘ready to eat’ foods

ity

inability

to meet domestic food demand

reduced variation & productivity

consumer habit of urban population

uniformity of climate

so, what can the co-op do? manage

fostering self-sufficiency in meeting local food demand -diversifying crop production [strategic production] -high margin produce for export -increasing productivity [aigamo method]

process

increase commercial value of agricultural products -food processing for commodity

employ

reduce unemployment by fostering new -management -education -crafts -business -manufacture -construction

connect sustain

248

industries

improve accessibility to markets and global connection -establishing presence in local & broader contexts -reduce distance from farmers to market -business partners for supplying promote environmental sustainability -reducing chemical use on agricultural practice -mitigate deforestation & soil erosion [bamboo]

249 +

50 crop storage distribution equipment storage

colllection point collection & sorting

900 crop preparation 250 50 165

1800

donkey parking

seed field

500 loading area 100 processing 200 seed bank 60 electricity fuel irrigation mechanical loading dock restroom storage

60 vehicular parking

60 10 4

credit union instruction area market meeting room

1700 bamboo field 585 community garden 40 100

pavilion porch resting area

30 office

200 15 100

1000 test field

loading dock

agricultural storage

media center

irr

n io at ig

collection point

le ta en m te

fie l ra tu ul ric ag

ar p de

donkey parking

processing center

vehicular parking

n io at ig irr

u ro

public space

fuel

market

ity un

electricity en administration ard restroom g mechanical

m m co

This co-operative is designed to create a self-sufficient farming network for local farmers, to increase knowledge and awareness of innovative farming methods, to acquire seeds, and to sell harvests locally and at more distant venues. The goal is to organize farmers to diversify crop production and maximize yields. Another hope is to introduce bamboo farming to Petite-RiviĂ¨re-de-Nippes and to utilize the harvested materials in the construction of the co-op. The plan of the project is a small campus of buildings located on the western edge of the main core of the town. Creating a cluster of separate buildings enables phasing of construction and a co-op campus that can develop over time.

250

251

storage

processing

storage

education

out

ed epa rte

nta

le 2 1

administration

252

bamboo & test field

farmerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s co-op...

energy balances of materials

annual production 1200-1350 per ha per yr

unit: MJ/m3 per N/mm2 concrete steel wood bamboo

240 1,500 80 30

years to maturation harvesting and drying planting bamboo 5x5m, 400 per ha

6-12 weeks

managing bamboo clumps for building maintenance

for treatment

guadua angustifolia average diameter : 10.7 cm average height : 19.6 m density : 3000~8000 culms per ha 400 m2 of land : 2 houses (64 m2) per 5 yrs applying pre-fab bamboo panels

building major structure

253

254

255

DUCKWEED duck weed can fix the nitrogen in the soil as well as produce blue green algae to protect the worms from being eaten by ducks by different phase duckling:4-5cm adolescent duck:6cm mature duck:7-10cm

duck will eat weed without eating rice plant by use the time difference of weed and rice plant

WATER LEVEL

duckâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s manure will return to soil and provide nutrition for crop. organic fertilizer will be used to minimize the harmful effect of nitrogen for loach.

FERTILIZER

256

INTERTILLAGE duck will stir the soil and increase the level of silt content which is conducive to the rice growth.

the duck can mitigate the effects of pests in the water. pests such as worms are usually present at the deeper parts of the water and this is prime feeding zone for ducks

PH:7-8

PEST CONTROL

LOACH loach will fertilize the soil and then harvested for commodity

3.5 ton rice/per Acer per Yr.

+ Vegi.& Duck & Egg & Fish for 100 families chemical fertilizer pesticide herbicide

+ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

meeting room credit union administration pavilion seed bank collection & sorting processing & packaging distribution parking crop preparation crop storage public space media center bamboo field community garden seed & test field existing farms

13 9 10

5 3 2

257

Each building will be constructed using bamboo farmed on site and from surrounding fields. Bamboo will provide a strong, lightweight building material that can be replaced when necessary with canes grown at the co-operative. Through demonstrating the construction techniques within the project and teaching the community how to farm bamboo, the community will have access to an alternative construction material and methods for construction of houses and other buildings.

258

259

7. M.O.T.M ring â&#x20AC;&#x153;There is a notion these days that architecture is increasingly becoming lighter. But I don't believe it one bit. It's just an illusion of lightness. Buildings are heavy. I haven't met a building I could lift.â&#x20AC;? Tod Williams

260

Aples- Bemina

M.O.T.M Ring Structure: Experimental Structure Design PROFESSOR: PROJECT TYPE: SCALE: DATE: SITE LOCATION:

Dr.-Ing. Rainer Barthel|ls.barthel@lrz.tum.de Studio Project|Individual Work 2mx2m installation May,2015 to July,2015,Third year of MArch I Munich,Germany

During my research of the movable experimental structure, I was trying to look deep into the tensegrity system and membrane system. During modeling the open tensegrity model, I discovered the M.O.T.M (movable open tensegrity membrane) structure by chance. Which the structure is based on the movable open tensegrity system I created that could apply membrane was applied on the structure through different methods. By rotating the outer frame will changing the inner opening and the whole structure will achieve a complicated movement by a single rotating.

261

membrane layer

compression member layer

tenssion member layer

top track 20mm

rotate ring 16mm

rotate frame 20mm

bottom track 20mm

262

263

M.O.T.M Ring Movable Open Tensegrity Membrane Ring Structure Design Research of the adaptability of the M.O.T.M Ring structure

uring my research of the movable experimental structure, I was trying to look deep into the tensegrity system and membrane system. During modeling the open tensegrity model, I discovered the M.O.T.M (movable open tensegrity membrane) structure by chance. Which the structure is based on the movable open tensegrity system I created that could apply membrane was applied on the structure through different methods. By rotating the outer frame will changing the inner opening and the whole structure will achieve a complicated movement by a single rotating. This structure showed the flexibility that could transfer into different function space by changing the opening of the structure. Also the M.O.T.M system could adapt into different scale based on the site situation. In this case, I’m not going to talk about the pure tensegrity (closed tensegrity). But a structure type between the open tensegrity and close tensegrity. The basic theoretical unit of tensegrity could be described as one strut with two cables which are upper ridged cable and the under diagonal cable (Fig.1). Both closed system

264

and open system are using this basic unit to array and arrange into an ongoing structural integrity. Since the structure module could keep expanding in different direction, open tensegrity system is more flexible to adapt into different scale than closed system, and also the open system structure is easier to analysis. So I start with the basic tensegrity unit, and rotate-array along the circle center. Then I got a basic “wire wheel” system. The struts is the compression member in this system, the cable carry the tension load, and both outside circle frame and inside circle ring are holding tension to support the system. In this structure system, equilibrium is achieved. Since this basic “wire wheel” system could not carry any lateral load on each compression member, if lateral load be applied on the module, compression member will swing accordingly, so there need a force to resist the lateral load along the “x” axis. Typical structural solution is adding a “hoop cable” below or above the compression member (see Fig.3). Another solution is by adding another set of cables to stable the torsional stability (see Fig.4). Since this study is about deployable structure, inner

-detail connection among membrane, string and strut-

265

ring and the outer frame should be movable so that the system could achieve the deployable movement. I start with separating the cable set “a” on two separate layers, when the two separate outer frame rotate along the center point, the angle “α” between cable “m” and “n” change accordingly.

arrange the cable joint like this, the cables wont conflict to each other and the angle “d” could increase to be larger than 45 degree. But there still will have some limit condition for how much the angle “d” will change based on the movement we want to achieve, I will talk about this later.

In structure plan, there has two sets of cable which showed in Fig.5, and outer ring frame carry and an inner ring both carry tension. Based on the cable sets me adding, I start to look into a way to actuate the structure which could transform into different shading system. I noticed that if I start changing the angle “α” in the cable sets “a” without changing the length of the cable, the inner ring and the compression member could be pulled back. This movement require two parts of the whole structure are movable, which are the inner ring should be length changeable (elastic), and the outer frame could be a track that allow all the individual cable sets move uniformly.

Since the inner ring is using elastic structural spring, when the load applied, the inner ring support the structure with the outer frame together, and carrying the same load as the outer frame. Due to the outer frame does not limit on the material and self-weight issue, so the inner ring’s stiffness control the whole system’s max load capacity. As showed in Fig. 7, when the load P applied on the structure, Part 1 and Part 2 will rotated along the outer frame, and draw a curve f. and g. To resist the deflection of the structure, I added another structural spring act as a hoop cable “u”. It is different reason than using the hoop cable to stable the torsional stability. The hoop cable “u” trying to keep the part 1 and part 2 tight to the center and resisted the deflection along the curve A and B.

According to Hanaor (1997), “tensegrity arrangements need to solve the problem of bar congestion, as some designs become larger (thus, the arc length of a strut decreases), the struts start running into reach other.” But in this case, the cable conflict each other during the movement instead of the compression member running into each other (Fig.6). When the angle “α” increase, the angle “θ” increase accordingly. When the angle “θ” achieve to 45 degree, joint A and B meet the joints of the module which next to it. If the structure keep rotating, the cable will running into each other and stop the rotation. In order to avoid two cables intersecting to each other, the cables are separated into three layers instead of two. The layer I and layer II will rotate synchronously. Meantime, the cable “m” will attach to the top layer, and cable “m” will attach to the bottom layer, and cable “n” and “n’” will attach to the middle layer. By 266

So the whole moveable structure will be an outer ring frame with three layer which the cables could attached on eight sets of cable- struts module spacing equally in between inner ring and outer frame. By rotating the ring frame, it will result to increase or decrease the angle “α” in set “a”, and an inner ring which the length is changeable (I use structure elastic spring for the study model). Between the inner ring and outer frame there are eight module which each of them includes two sets of cables, which are set “a”, and set “b”. Set “a” is the actuate cable which could re-track the whole structure by changing the angle “α”. During the movement, the set “b” has angle “β” will help to stable the torsional stability even the angle “α” in set “a” attempt to zero. By rotating the layer III of the outer frame, the angle “α” and “β” will change accordingly, that will result the inner ring open and close accordingly.

Ridge Cable a m

n m’

Diagonal Cable

n’

Fig.1 basic tensegrity unit

Fig. 2 wire wheel system

Fig.3 hoop cable solution

Fig.4 cable sets solution

β1

2000mm

β2 α2

β3

α3

Fig.4 cable sets solution Fig.5 brief structure diagram

compression member

P o

g. o’

Fig. 7 Section diagram for structure fail situation

calculate digram 1.

calculate digram 2.

Fig.8 digram for calculation

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-detail and connection of the installation-

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Maximize the movement of the inner ring and parameter calculation Since the research is trying to create a movement which allow the inner ring open and close. To maximize the movement of the inner ring, there has several value need to be specified. First of all, it need to set up the number of the compression members in the structure. Based on trying different options, the deformation of the center ring be inversely proportional to the number of the compression members. Which means more compression member, less deformation the inner ring could achieve. But a small number is not efficiency for the structure stable. So I chose eight compression members for the study model, which means the angle “θ” could reach 45 degree or larger.

According to the deformation diagram in Fig. 6, the maximum inner ring opening happens at when the angle “α” attempt to 180 degree. Which related to the angle “θ”. Assume under the maximum inner ring opening condition, the distance between points “A” and “B” is “c” which equals two times of the length “a”. Here is the way to find the value of “c” (when the diameter of the ring is 2 meters): For max deformation: c=2a Deformation of γ= a To calculate c, assume in the system 8 column members present 2

= √

− 2 cos 45

= √ 2 − √2 = 0.765 = 38 .3

After the theoretically calculation, I figure out that there still have several limitations for the real construction. For the study model I did, the deformation of the inner ring depends on the materiality of the spring and the membrane apply methods. Since the springs’ effective deformation range is relatively low compare with the range that the structure actually could achieve, so I have to re-calculate the angle “d” the structure will to reach and the length of the cable based on the deformation range that the springs could reach. Another limitation is the membrane will run into each other when the joint on the frame go over each other. So the method to apply the membrane to the structure

Placement of membrane Membrane is applied to the structure based on the principle “two high points and two low points to set the membrane structure.” And according to the structure specialty, there has eight individual module array along the circle frame. So membrane should be applied in module based on one or two structure module. In this case, even the membrane shows it could carry load even hold the structure without cables. But aim to simplify the calculation and analysis, membrane is not considered as a structural element. There also follows the separation of set “a” and “b” in a module. Cables in set “b” won’t go through each other like set “a”, so membrane could be attached to the four joint points in set “b”. For set “a”, to have a shading function membrane, there should have two points attached to the outer ring. Based on the three layers frame, mount the membrane to the center layer will be the ideal solution to avoid the cable cut the membrane during the rotation. To avoid the membrane to be flat, I attached another two points to the high point of one strut, and the low point of the strut next to it. To balance the pulling tension created by the membrane, I mirrored the membrane along each strut. So there are eight pieces of membrane for set “a”, and each two of them consider as a module. 270

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-time lapse photos of the M.O.T.M Ring's movement-

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Inner ring mechanism possibility of the system For the study model I made is a wood frame has 2 meters diameter. So for the inner ring I attached 24 structural springs to a loop. So the limitation of the inner ring movement is the structural spring’s materiality. Since the larger deformation of the spring will result metal fatigue, the whole structure’s parameter is calculated according to the effective deformation length of the spring. Meanwhile, for a larger scale, it should introduce some mechanism solution to achieve the inner ring’s movement scheme. I start looking into some movable structure which could rearrange the length. There has several mechanical solution for this structure. First, I picked the telescoping pipe system (Fig. 11). It is a sleeve structure that actuate by the motor which located at one end of the pipe, by rotating the threaded rod in the center of the pipe, it will push the pipe out and pull it back. Based on the whole structure, the telescoping pipe always in tension, so it is good to simplify the mechanism showed in the Fig.11, which means the actuate system is simply to pull the pipe back instead of doing both pushing and pull action. Since pipe is a structure element and have good ability to carry load, this type of mechanism could serve the structure for a large scale, such as a stadium roof. If the structure has constraints around, such as buildings or natural topography, it may become difficult to move the structure using some external mechanism. In that case, internal mechanism such as telescoping struts would be ideal for constructibility. The second mechanism could use for the inner ring is a loop scissor system. It could be actuated by the hydromantic actuator (linear actuator) which located inside of each individual module frame (Fig. 15). For the loop scissor system, when “h” increase, the whole loop will expand radially, when “h” decrease, the whole loop will shrink radially to the loop center. Based on the observation of this scissor loop system, there are two rings created by the shape, which is the inner ring and the outer ring. During the deploy process, the outer ring’s diameter didn’t change enough to actuate the M.O.T.M structure, but the inner ring’s diameter increased around 6 times than its original shape. So, when hook the cable to the scissor system, it should attached to the inner ring joint point. Consider the deformation of this scissor loop system, it has the same function with the structural spring in the M.O.T.M prototype, but neither of these two options has ability to carry large gravity load. But if we convert it into a 3 dimensional scissor system which has the similar shape with space frame, then it could consider as a rigid movable structure. Based on the study, the scissor system should be able to adapt into a pavilion scale structure which also will offer some structure transformation during the whole structure’s movement.

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Râ&#x20AC;&#x2122; râ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

tension force

motor

nut

flange

nut

shell

membrane

compressed air

1. 1. 1. 2. 3. 3.

1. scissor loop system 2. telescope pipe system 3. pneumatic muscle system

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Saleability and advantage of the structure Based on the structure specialty, the inner ring is the control element for carrying axial load. To adapt this structure into a larger scale, it require some limitation for the site. Which means the structure will more fit the area where the structure will not carry too much rain and snow load. For example, the structure could serve as a stadium roof in Africa. No snow load for the structure, and an open-close shading system is more necessary for a stadium. The structure also have potential possibility to adapt into pavilion scale structure. Adding the scissor loop system will maximize the structure movement visual effects. And the structure could interact according to users’ movement or gesture through different sensors. So that turning the structure into an interactive experimental structure. Since the M.O.T.M system is based on the tensegrity, so the structure doesn’t suffer any kind of torque or torsion, and buckling is very rare due to the short length of their components on the compression. Tensional forces naturally transmit themselves over the shortest distance between two points, so the members of a tensegrity structure are precisely positioned to best withstand stress. Smaili (2003) point out that, these structures vibrate readily, which means the structure transfers loads very rapidly, so the loads cannot become local. This is very useful in terms of absorption of shocks and seismic vibrations. So, the M.O.T.M system would be desirable in areas where earthquake is a problem. For large scale constructions, the process would be relatively easy to carry out, since the structure is self- scaffolding. According to Ingber (1998), “Due to the ability to respond as a whole, it is possible to use materials in a very economical way, offering a maximum amount of strength for a given amount of building material.”

Conclusion The M.O.T.M Ring is try to point out that tensegrity structure has large potential to develop into a movable structure or a deployable structure in different scale. It not only could create a movable structure but also will offer some possibility for the construction method.

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-study model with membrane-

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-scan the QR code to watch the fabrication video on-line-

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8. TESSERA+

a story about a module

“A chair is a very difficult object. A skyscraper is almost easier. That is why Chippendale is famous.” Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

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Aplesschreckhorn +

TESSERA+: A Story about A Module PROFESSOR: PROJECT TYPE: CREDIT TO: SCALE: DATE: CLIENT:

Dr. John C. Stallmeyer|stallmyr@illinois.edu Studio Project|Team Work Brian Henks, Timothy Kennedy Furniture Design August,2015 to December,2015,Third year of MArch I University of Illinois, IL

Center for Innovation in Teaching and Learning of University of Illinois need to design several prototyping of furniture for their new technology-ﾂｭ窶親nhanced Innovation Studio currently being designed and constructed in the Armory Building. They have asked us to contribute our expertise as designers and students to this effort by designing several fixtures and furnishings for the Innovation Studio. The client expects a prototype by the end of the semester that is on budget and build-able.

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-easy for reconfiguration-

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This studio is an exploration of the relationship between digital technologies and analog objects. While digital technologies are transforming many aspects of our existence, including how we as designers conceive and make objects, users experience these objects as analog. At the same time these technologies are transforming the ways that we learn and the physical settings in which this learning takes place. The central question of this studio is how can we as designers integrate the digital learning technologies of today and tomorrow with the analog environment in which they are embedded and through which we experience and use them. We are focusing on and investigating how the physicality of the analog object can facilitate the digital learning environment of tomorrow.

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_[tessera] :

noun.

_a small block of stone, tile, glass, or other material used in the construction of a _(in ancient Greece and Rome) a small tablet of wood or bone used as a token

_tessera plus has been designed to be efficient for the user and in its own construction. It is meant not only to be configured like a mosaic, but to be reconfigured. There are three components to this unit; the table surface, its storage, and its legs. Beginning with the table surface, it has been shaped to maximize its reconfigurability creating flexible arrangements to evolve with the changing needs of the user. _tessera plus can be reconfigured into individual, group, or small focused group tables depending on their arrangement and usersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; circumstance. Each unit has storage underneath the table surface for smaller objects, and each leg offers hooks for bags or coats as additional personal storage. These additions encourage users to claim an individual unit as their own with their belongings. If they then need to collaborate in a group setting then they can arrange the required units to their specifications. Its legs are bent steel that is meant to elevate and support the surface and storage like a gem in a place setting. The legs are slender to draw your eye towards the other components in the unit. _tessera plus is meant to be an intuitive work surface with storage to simplify the userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s experience. The three components are assembled to create an innovative work desk/table for users.

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a mosaic.

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start with a triangle

lay the surface

* scan the QR code to watch the fabrication and reconfiguration video!

* scan the QR code to watch the presentation video!

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cut the corner for more work surface

rotate a surface up from each edge

making an irregular hexagon

creates a 3-d geometry

divide into 6 individual modules

intersect and cut for tessalation

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start with triangle

divide into 6

connect the new point

create the final shape

draw the circle from the center point and from each mid point

analyze the form

x 45째 15째 x b 45째 75째 a

a+x=b

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-four side elevation-

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* scan the QR code to watch the fabrication and reconfiguration video!

* scan the QR code to watch the presentation video!

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_[tessera suite]: a furniture family with tessera language The tessera suite is intended to encourage its users to begin an explorative process to work collaboratively and come up with innovative ideas. In order to achieve this the furniture suite needs to be intuitive for the users, so they do not spend more time exploring the furniture than their own ideas. In this case the pieces have been created to be visually dynamic but simple in appearance. Interacting with the modules would allow the user to become familiar with them within a few minutes ofapproaching them. The pieces also were designed to be hyperfunctional in their construction and in its use. The suite allows any number of possible reconfigurations between similar pieces and others in the suite. These reconfigurable pieces can be arranged to create a more conducive group work space by joining multiple modules together, or separating them into individual work stations to focus on their task.

_tessera: corpo + transire

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_tessera: smalti

_tessera: c + smalti

_tessera: transire

_tessera: corpo

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_[VR Review]: review tessera suite in Innovation Studio

1. open “app store” from your iphone. search “qr code reader” in app store. download the “QR Reader for iphone”. after the app is downloaded, open “QR Reader for iphone”. (allow the app the use the your camera) 2. scan the QR code on the side of the “TESSERA BOX”. 3. after the image is loaded, hit the icon at the bottom right. click “Open in Safari”. 4. after the image is loaded, rotate the phone to horizontal. it should separate into two images like this. 5. slide your iphone into the “TESSERA BOX”, tight the box. 6. You are ready to jump into the “TESSERA BOX” now

*put on the tessera box then use your phone scan the QR code to jump into tessera world!

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PROFESSIONAL WORKS

Aples- Dom

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;I always consider a building as part of the whole, a piece which creates a collective performance, which in the cityâ&#x20AC;? -Christian de Portzamparc

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Chateau La-coste Design development - Construction Document

Kengo Kuma is famous as his wood louver, and wood structure design. Focus on the wood structure design and construction already turn to one of his identical elements. When I was doing my internship in Kengo Kumaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s office. I was directed by my supervisor Umezawa Ryuya. During the stay in Kumaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s office. I was working individually on the pavilion project which located in Lacoste in France. I start the project at Schematic Design phase. Ended at construction document. Now the project was under construction. The construction will be finished at 2016. The site is located in a private land in Lacoste, France. The client want to build a pavilion on the hill to enjoy the beautiful view from the top of the hill. During the schematic design phase, we were keeping two design option, after met with the client, the wood structure option was chosen. Since the project is still under construction until this portfolio is done. For classification consideration, construction detail drawings are not included in this portfolio.

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-sketch of Chateau La-coste by Kengo Kuma-

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The major focus of this pavilion design is trying to use timber structure to creat the space that could offer a transparency change during walking around the structure, explore the possibility of wood stacking structures system. For structure goals is trying to create a structure that is much more stable than what it looks like. Kuma calls it "weak architecture".

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External Force

Tensile force Compression force Shear force

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External Force

Ipe wood t=20 (Paratecoma peroba)

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Ipe wood t=20 (Paratecoma peroba)

Drift pin

150

(stainless steel)

Bolt (stainless steel)

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-structure analysis from structure engineer-

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Consider the shape of the structure is relatively complicate. Digital model is not easy for study about the transparency change, the flow between structure and the topography, and the space it created. So we decided use the most traditional way to study about these several topics. During the DD phase, we construct over 20 study models based on different strategy. It not only help for the design but also served for the structure consideration and landscape design.

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ELEVATION HIRAFU Design development

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Hip roof is works better with modern architecture, but not good for drain off. Especially in Hokkaido where snow load is relatively large.

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roof form study in Hokkaido

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ISTANBUL GRAND AIRPORT Airport City Core Zone, Urban Design K+P Architekten und Stadtplaner GmbH Koch · Voigt · Zschornack Ismaninger Straße 57 D-81675 Munich, Germany Phone: +49 (0)89 411 88-0 Fax: +49 (0)89 411 88-200 www.kochundpartner.de info@kochundpartner.de

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Phase 1 No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Function Hotel Hotel Mosque Office Hotel Hotel Office Office Office Apartment Office Health Care Hotel Office Hotel Hotel Office Residential Residential Office Complex

Phase 2 No. 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

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GFS 28000 m² 27000 m² 4200 m² 19000 m² 56300 m² 26500 m² 3200 m² 12000 m² 33000 m² 12700 m² 30000 m² 28000 m² 23300 m² 27200 m² 22000 m² 14800 m² 38500 m² 21500 m² 16400 m² 53000 m² 65000 m²

Floor number 11 10 1 7 5 6 4 4 5 6 6 6 6 5 6 6 6 8 5 10 40

GFS 32000 m² 58200 m² 30000 m² 15500 m² 50200 m² 28500 m² 54800 m² 37000 m² 31800 m² 73300 m² 26600 m² 94250 m² 65500 m² 58500 m² 37100 m² 73400 m²

Floor number 8 12 9 10 20 5 10 12 25 22 8 20 16 10 8 16

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tance

um dis

maxim

imity

y prox

ed b termin

field

to Air

m le fro cessib el ac 4m v 1 + le l f e roo lev ture depa

ce istan

cal

criti

3 levels above ground 5 levels below ground

will be sufficient for 25 000 park

CAR PARK DESIGN size and proportion Width is fixed, depth is flexible Optimum use of available space Keeping the view to the terminal building

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nce dista um optim laza p 120m o f h r widt

king spaces

150m walking distance to Airport City Plaza (can be extended)

cal

criti

325

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The Airport City has to meet the high standard of the Grand Istanbul Airport. It has to capture the essence of Turkey and the incomparable spirit and unique character of Istanbul. There is ample space to develop a vibrant and complimentary economic centre for Istanbul, with superior connectivity. IGAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Airport City will be a crossroad of regional, national and international business flows. The urban design strategy is to build one of the most eco-friendly and sustainable airport city developments in the world, with an ultimate ambi-tion to gain environmental certification. Due to the fact that the Istanbul Airport City is the regionâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s economic growth engine with one of the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest airports in the next decades there has to be achieved a high density and urbanity. By creating a high quality environment, distinctive buildings and public spaces where people like to live and work, we will succeed in making this Airport City attractive, safe and viable.

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+90m

+104m

+90m

+97m

+113m

+105m

+130m

+90m

+ 329

未央。

待續

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