Retrofitting Grattan - Post COVID Campus (Master of Urban Design Thesis)

RETROFITTING GRATTAN

MGS POST-COVID CAMPUS STUDIO I YVONNE YANG

SIS

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THE GN ESI

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Retrof itting Grattan: An approach to a collaborative campus city relationship Urban Design Thesis 2020 Studio Leaders: Elliet Spring Tahj Rosmarin Toby Woolley Student: Yvonne Yang yvonney@student.unimelb.edu.au Student no. 761320

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RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

AN APPROACH TO A

COLLABORATIVE CAMPUS CITY

RELATIONSHIP

RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

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CONTENTS

01 Introduction Preface 9

04 Site Introduction Grattan Street Issues & Opps Grattan Street Elevation Traffic Flow Study Understanding Social Distances

08 References References Images

4

Thesis Statement Definitions Elaboration

36 38 40 41

120 122

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05 Concept

Exploring Concept & Program Vision Case Study Literature Precedents Overall Design Intervention Key Directions

09 Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix

11 12 13

44 46 47 48 54 55

125 A: Background Research 130 B: Further Site Analysis C: Analysing Melbourne Connect 150 158 D: Design Development

02 Background Research 03 Site Analysis Role of the University Relationship between city & academy Literature Review

06 Design

Design Intervention Diagram Strategic Framework Strategic Masterplan Precinct Level General Urban Codes Public Space Framework Plan Land Use Framework Plan Precinct 1: The Digital Gateway Precinct 2: Fine Grain Student Precinct Precinct 3: Experiential Learning Grattan Street Masterplan Grattan Street Interface A Moment in Time University Plaza University Plaza Streetview Deliverables

18 20 22

58 60 66 68 72 74 76 84 92 100 102 104 106 108 110

Melbourne Context Map Melbourne University Before Melbourne University Now The Campus Edge Parti Diagram

07 Conclusion

Conclusion Acknowledgment

26 28 30 32 33

114 117

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Figures

Figure 1. Context map showing university & surrounding educational institutes Figure 2. Aerial view of University of Melbourne, 1963-1968 (University of Melbourne Archives, 2018) Figure 3. Map of Parkville Campus (University of Melbourne Archives) Figure 4. Map of Inactive Interface around main Campus Figure 5. Parti Diagram Figure 6. Grattan Street Existing Conditions Figure 7. North & South Elevations of Grattan Street 38 Figure 8. Swanston Street Interface. Source: Google.maps Figure 9. Grattan Street Interface. Source: Google.maps Figure 10. Grattan Street Design Intervention Diagram Figure 11. Grattan Street Strategic Masterplan Figure 12. Precinct 1: The Digital Gateway Figure 13. Precinct 2: Fine Grain Student Precinct Figure 14. Precinct 3: Experiential Learning Figure 15. Elevation and Perspective of Proposed Streetscape, colour Figure 16. A moment in time along Grattan Street Perspective Figure 17. University Plaza Streetview Render Figure 18. Covid-19 before and after cartoons (Image by Author, 2020) Figure 19. University Land Use Map Figure 20. University Owned Buildings Map Figure 21. University Built Form Map Figure 22. University Access & Movement Map Figure 23. University Landscape & Environment Map Figure 24. University Interface Map Figure 25. The Campus Edge Map Figure 26. Pedestrian Movement analysis (City of Melbourne) Figure 27. The Future Campus Diagram Figure 28. Access to Melbourne Connect Figure 29. Melbourne Connect Workspace Breakdown (Melbourne Connect)

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RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

26 28 29 32 33 36 38 42 56 58 66 76 84 92 102 104 108 124 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 134 135 149 150

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RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

PREFACE

This thesis takes an interdisciplinary approach to envision life after COVID-19. As the pandemic subsides, many cities around the world are facing uncertain futures. The pandemic has initiated a much broader dialog about issues surrounding our urban environment. Using the Melbourne University Campus as a testing ground; a microcosmic representation of cities, the thesis questions How has COVID affected the way we live, work and study? How have cities responded to the pandemic?

How has the pandemic affected our learning environments? And In what way has the pandemic impacted our future cities.

In the studio, I explored themes of health & well being, post-pandemic co-working spaces, movement networks and creative outlets in a bid to answer the questions above. I propose to interrogate the idea of the campus and city functioning as singular organisms as well as methods to design more interactive edge interfaces.

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01 INTRODUCTION

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THESIS STATEMENT

Dissolving the edges of the University Campus to improve city and academy relationships.

Melbourne University’s poor edge interface with the surrounding city limits opportunity for movement and collaboration. The university edge between campus and city should be porous. Current trends of academia are inviting industries and the broader community into the academy through contemporary campus design. The COVID-19 pandemic has slowed the collaboration process, as people are reluctant to come together due to fear of outbreaks and social distancing.

This thesis will explore opportunities around the edge of the campus, to create spaces which encourage collaboration and resolve inactive edge conditions to improve campus-city relationships.

Through a series of interventions focused on themes of health & wellbeing, co-working, access & movement and creative outlets, the design outcome aims to develop a network of spaces which benefits both academy and city.

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DEFINITIONS

Collaboration: To work jointly with others or together especially in an intellectual endeavor Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Collaborate. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved August 26, 2020, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/collaborate

Urban Porosity: Urban porosity could be seen as the ability of an enclave to accommodate public spaces, uses and f lows that affect a territory beyond the enclave itself.

Stratis. S (n.d.). Creating a porous urban connective tissue. Retrieved September 10, 2020. from: www.admin. brainserver.net

Town & Gown: In a college town, the relations between “town and gown� are those between the residents of the town and the students and faculty associated with the school.

Houghton Mifflin (2005). The new dictionary of cultural literacy. Retrieved October 20, 2020. from: https:// www.dictionary.com/browse/town-and-gown

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ELABORATION The themes addressed within this thesis explores different opportunities for space appropriation that allows for an integrated collaboration between those who work and study on campus and those that live, work and visit the surrounding city. This is in response to a shift in future work and education livelihoods as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic acting as a catalyst impacting on the way people work, live and interact with others.

My position on COVID-19: Taking the position that a vaccine will be found for the catalyst pandemic but future pandemics will rock society again, the ‘collaboration’ between the education system and professional industries will be even more important. Therefore the role of the campus is more than just a place where students go to learn and teachers to teach, rather they have to transition to ‘intertwine with urban structures and services’ (Sandstrom & Nevgi, 2019) in order to become more resilient.

Campus Resilience: Campus resilience is more than just the physical challenges but also the societal, economic and environmental which may bring shortfalls to tertiary education.

Understanding that campus life will not return to its original form, this thesis will explore alternative options for future teaching and learning spaces. These spaces which are primarily indoors in classrooms lacking circulation, proper lighting and comfort due to the university’s strict health and safety regulations will now have to be reassessed under new social distancing rules.

Furthermore, current learning environments are restrictive in the sense that students often lack the ability to connect with the teaching staff and industry experts as a result of the unconsidered hierarchal layout where students and classrooms are located at the ground floor and the teaching and research specialists are locked away behind opaque glass doors in the upper most f loors of a building.

Barnes.S (2020). Colourful tape art provides social distancing guidelines on public architecture. Retrieved. August 20 from. https://mymodernmet.com/tape-measure-visualize-social-distancing/

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The Response: The urban design role in facilitating comfortable and diverse spaces both indoor and outdoor will further focus on addressing health in design without compromising access and function. With the transition to more remote learning and working taking place, it is important to design spaces in the public realm for these activities to occur again.

The themes of health & well being, co-working, access & movement and creative outlets will be resolved through 3 levels: an overarching strategic framework, precinct urban codes and strategies and a site design. The three stages are aimed at combating the university’s poor porosity of public spaces within the campus. To move forward and become resilient, the university has to accept ‘new functions, programs, meanings and possibilities’ (Hou, 2020) across the campus.

The approach at a strategic level addresses broader issues that relate to both the academy and the city. An analysis of existing conditions and building functions will be conducted to identify ‘weak spots’ across the campus and strategies will be outlined to address these broader issues. At a precinct level, the designs will address issues surrounding interfaces, edges and uses of the built form and at a site specific level, the design will tackle user rhythms, diversity and experience.

Archdaily. (n.d.) Titan Integrity Campus. Retrieved, August 15 from. https://www.archdaily.com/908221/titan-integrity-campus-mindspace?ad_medium=gallery

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Monash University: A social setting northern plaza Image By Landezine (2017)

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02 BACKGROUND RESEARCH

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ROLE OF THE UNIVERSITY

Conversation Campus Experience, retrieved August 27, 2020 from. https://www.hassellstudio.com/conversation/why-the-campus-is-still-critical-to-the-university-experience

The campus is a place that fosters a richness of teaching and learning while providing opportunities for research, stewardship and leadership connecting students with industry experts. (Storms, Simundza & Morgan et.al, 2019). It acts as a transition between what we know as the sheltered education system and the ‘real world’ where people go to work and the economy f lows. It is a place which provides students from across the world learning opportunities that they may otherwise never be able to receive.

Now, the role of the university is more important than ever as it acts a hope for research to solve society’s problems. Therefore universities should encourage collaboration between community, industry and academia to work together to solve problems.

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Effect of COVID-19: COVID-19 and pandemics in general have placed strain on academy-city relationships as it has restricted place opportunities for the alliance to meet and discuss. More than ever, universities have a major role to play “as anchor institutions that support communities in transition” (Firth & Nyland, 2020). The pandemic has opened doors to a different type of collaboration, one between the science and medical f ield, public health officials and government leaders who have been collaborating on a common problem; the vaccine.

However, in terms of the general academycity relationship, it has become more complex because of the role that they play. The academy is an education institution where students go to learn, faculty to teach and conduct research.

As Illanes, Law and Mendy et.al (2020) suggests, campuses almost function as small cities but also play a major role in local employment supporting local and regional economies. In a time when staff and students have deserted the campus, the campus has turned into a ghost town and inhabitable zone where its edges are drained of life and activity, an effect that seeps into the rest of the city.

Coming to terms with the effect of COVID-19 on campus-city relationship have left the community and staff worried about their future, research projects have also been put on hold without a date to return to.

Furthermore, universities are now seen as detached and ‘disconnected from real-world concerns of businesses and ordinary people’ (Firth & Nyland , 2020). It’s almost as if they’ve revoked back to their historical original form of being an insular place an ‘ivory tower’ as many researchers call it where its walls and buildings face inwards as if trying to protect itself from the chaos of society. Rodin (2007) notes that the opening and closing of universities to the city can only really be resolved if the academy ‘engages with the real world, and move “out of the ivory tower and into the streets”.

Rather than undertaking knowledge work on behalf of society, they must do so in collaboration with society. This means building relationships with business, industry, government and not-for-prof it organisations, to name but a few.

The impact COVID-19 has had on education around the world by McCarthy. retrieved September 10, 2020. from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/03/infographic-covid19-coronavirus-impactglobal-education-health-schools/

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CITY AND ACADEMY The relationship between academy and industry is a form of exchange of resources, information, ideas which results in formalised activities and concepts. It is a pull and push system where, when the city requires knowledge, the academy provides and when the academy seeks expertise, the city reciprocates.

The role of the academy has changed throughout history from its initial role of studying arts, languages, history to now incorporating science, technology, vocation, and providing services to community, governments and industry (Maurrasse, 2002).

The academy has not always been this transparent with the city. Rodin (2007)’s book “The University and Urban Revival Out of the Ivory Tower and into the Streets” explains that early academic campus layouts purposely built fences and buildings facing into the campus to protect their staff and students from encroaching crime.

Yet while this model may have been successful in the past, the transformation of the urban landscape in recent history would not be of benef it to the institution in the long run. As she discusses, the surrounding city relies on the academy for employment, cultural appreciation, civic partnerships and a place with dense consumers for local businesses to thrive. An academy which has a well integration with the city would facilitate vibrant neighbourhoods that meet the needs of the academy (staff and students), community and industry. And only through persistence can this be achieved.

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City and academy relationships can be dated back as early as 19th Century according to Dubb & Howard (2007) through the ‘LandGrant College Act of 1862’ which established a network of practices and teaching between academy, agriculture and industry. The act was later revised and replaced by the ‘Bayh-Dole Act of 1980’ (Figure 1) which further expanded the universities capability to earn revenue from their research and feeding it back into the industry consumers network. While the system may have worked initially, it later was deemed corrupt as the academy became obsessed with exporting unreliable research in search for prof it.

Now, current trends of academy and industry have goals to build various types of capacities back into the city. They are guided by the belief that the town and gown approach could unite the city and academy once again. This model was deemed by Dubb & Howard (2007) as the ‘Service-learning’ model (Figure 2) of which many university and city relationships now follow. The term which originated in the late 1900’s reflects the collaboration between existing community work and academic research. In Anderson (2001)’s research she also notes the importance of capitalisation of knowledge in academy-city relationships that would help the alliance become richer.

Figure 1. Dubb. S & Howard. T (2007). Bayh-Dole Model. Linking Colleges to Communities: Engaging Colleges for community development. pp.22

Figure 2. Dubb. S & Howard. T (2007). Service Learning Model. Linking Colleges to Communities: Engaging Colleges for community development. pp.61

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LITERATURE REVIEW

The book explores ideas of using urban design to create ‘happier’ cities as a result of higher density living and environmental and resource crisis. This idea of a happy city can relate back to COVID-19 where a pandemic has impacted our mental and physical well being.

The way we tackle the problem can either be one way or the other. To isolate ourselves even more and transforming our cities into car dominated ones or f inding a way to combat the balance between health, safety and higher density living by exploring the way we resolve edges between private and public and communities.

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Learning landscapes have become more important in campus design. The concept of a learning landscape is aimed at facilitating conversation between different groups of people within a common space. The paper explores this as well as how teaching and learning has shifted over time. While theoretically learning landscapes can be applied both indoors and outdoors, under current conditions, it is necessary to explore these collaborative spaces in an outdoor sense which will also further contribute to health benef its.

The paper focuses mainly on the comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness of salutogenic design. One quote which stood out is the notion that “Health is created and lived by people within the settings of their everyday life; where they learn, work, play and love� therefore the relationship between human health and the built environment is extremely important.

Reflecting back to my thesis proposal. a positive relationship between built form and the community at the edges of the campus will create a cohesive collaboration between campus and city.

The paper explores ways in which campus designs can become more resiliant in the future, Resilience is assessed under a number of factors and these include: The built environment, f inancial & economic, community resilience and then how this can be integrated into the planning scheme to improve the campus for future students and the community.

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RMIT: Academic Street Image By Aecom (2018)

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03 SITE ANALYSIS

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MELBOURNE CONTEXT MAP

MELBO UNIVE

M

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OURNE ERSITY

MELBOURNE CBD

Figure 1. Context map showing university & surrounding educational institutes

MELBOURNE UNIVERSITY BEFORE Earlier university plans dated 1919 shows a university which has few buildings and an abundance of open space. Wilson Hall was the first building built and a complex network of roads stemmed from there connecting to other areas of the campus.

The campus during this time was well connected both internally and to the four major roads which border the campus. As more buildings were built in the later years to come, less consideration to taken in preserving public space for the academics and the community.

Figure 2. Aerial view of University of Melbourne, 1963-1968 (University of Melbourne Archives, 2018)

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Source: UOM Archives, University of Melbourne: [map of the Parkville Campus], Retrieved August 20, 2020, from https://digitised-collections.unimelb.edu.au/handle/11343/24002

Figure 3. Map of Parkville Campus (University of Melbourne Archives) RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 29

MELBOURNE UNIVERSITY - NOW

Surrounded by finer grain developments Source: https://www.google.com/maps/@-37.8075677,144.9707894,1066a,35y,317.78h,50.25t/data=!3m1!1e3?hl=en-US

Present day Melbourne University still retains much of its historical buildings with newer developments forming large blocks along the edges and corners of the campus. The campus has a heavy focus on academic uses with minimal commercial stores surrounding the site.

Grattan Street Interface, Source: Google.maps

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Imagery ©2020 Google, Map data ©2020 Google

100 m

Blank Street Walls Swanston Street Interface. Source: Google.maps

Car dominant streets Tin Alley. Source: Google.maps

Lack of visual transparency Elizabeth Street / Royal Parade Interface. Source: Google.maps

Undefined entry points Swanston & Grattan Street Intersection. Source: Google.maps

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THE CAMPUS EDGE

0m

Figure 4. Map of Inactive Interface around main Campus

100m

200m

500m

The campus edge consists of large lengths of impermeable and inactive spaces which constitutes to blank walls and car dominent driveways. It is understandable that there would be more inactive edges towards the northern section of the campus as that is were the residential colleges are located and they interface the sensitive cemetary land further north. However, edges along Swanston and Grattan Streets both front commercial developments and the surrounding city where activities are encouraged to occur yet are limited due to these poor edge conditions.

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PARTI DIAGRAM

Figure 5. Parti Diagram

The parti diagram depicts the current lack of manifestation between the academy and the city.

The university has hard impermeable edges which do not dissolve back into the flow of the surrounding urban context. As a result, the goal of this thesis is to dissolve the edges of the academy by applying activities that are benef icial for both along these edges. The edges will be fluid and can contract and expand like a ‘lung’ as the user meanders through the space.

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04 SITE INTRODUCTION

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GRATTAN STREET - EXISTING CONDITIONS

JOHN MEDELY

MELBOURNE MEDICAL SCHOOL ELIZABETH STREET

GATEKEEPERS COTTAGE

MELBOURNE SCHOOL OF HEALTH SCIENCES

BARRY STREET

THE PETER DOHERTY INSTITUTE FOR INFECTION AND IMMUNITY

BERKELEY STREET

UNDER CONSTRUCTION

UNIVERSITY SQUARE CAR PARK

Note: All tree locations are approximate and are based of GIS analysis from Nearmap Aerials and Datavic Tree Canopy 2011 Urban Forest data.

Location Grattan Street expanse from Elizabeth Street to the west to Swanston Street at the east. It is bordered by the main campus to the north and finer grain mixed use commercial buildings to the south. Grattan street is prominent as it is seen as one of the main edges along the main campus an entrance to the greater city and hoddle grid located futher south.

Length 530m (approx) Existing Conditions SEATING

BIN

GARDEN BED

ZEBRA CROSSING

BIKE RACK

INACTIVE EDGE

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Assessment y Grattan street is accessible from Swanston & Elizabeth Streets as well as secondary streets to the south. y The street has an approximate 30m wide road reserve which comprises of 4 lanes of traffic and 2 lanes of parallel parking on either side of the road. y The width of the fotpath is appriximately 2.5m wide y The built form straddles the street edge forming a uniform street wall on either side of the street

LY OLD ENGINEERING UNIMELB

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

STOP 1

GRADUATE HOUSE, UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE

BOUVERIE STREET

LEICESTER STREET

GRATTAN STREET CLIMATE & ENERGY COLLEGE

SWANSTON STREET

GRYPHON GALLERY

Figure 6. Grattan Street Existing Conditions

Issues: y Lacks pedestrian priority network y Lacks water sensitive urban design as built form and streetscape interfaces are harsh y The street is not inviting and lacking in overall vitality y Does not contain an attractor as it’s mainly used as a thoroughfare to get from one side of the street to the other y Lack of public open space and breakout spaces y Interface to surrounding streets which have high traff ic f low

Opportunities y Reevaluate the uses for the space to cater for a wider range of activities and events y Integrate smaller landscaped spaces y Incorporate temporary movable seating for outdoor study spaces y Installation of overhead shelters along inaccessible building edges for outdoor seating & dining y Explore opportunities in expanding occupancy of space into existing carpark and buildings y Explore opportunities to utilise edge along Engineering building as an teaching and learning space y Design paces for permanent sheltered seating areas during colder and rainy days RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 37

GRATTAN STREET - ELEVATION

Entry

Figure 7. North & South Elevations of Grattan Street 38

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CURRENT TRAFFIC FLOWS

Condition of Grattan Street Prior to any construction had a heavy emphasis on vehicular movement with minimal consideration for pedestrian access. Footpaths were narrow at approx 3m wide with 2 lanes of traffic and a further 2 lanes for parallel parking. The main flow of traffic was through Grattan Street which connected to minor streets.

During the construction of Parkville Station, Grattan Street was partially closed. This has reduced the amount of traffic significantly through the street rerouting a significant portion to back laneways and minor streets

Ideal future condition of Grattan Street aims at a full closure of the street during the day and limiting traffic flow during off peak hours to allow pedestrians to reclaim the street. This would reduce the pressure of pedestrian and vehicular competition allowing better transition between campus edge and finer grain mixed use blocks.

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UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL DISTANCES Social interaction should be fostered regardless of whether there are social distancing measured in place. As humans are social creatures, the longevity of isolation can cause harm mentally which can lead to possible physical harm.

This analysis of social distancing conducted along the project site aims to gain a better understanding of future flow to assist in a better more constructive design of the site.

Under current social distancing measures,

at full capacity the street would be able to sustain 1144 persons along the street. This is taking into account current footpath conditions of 3.5m wide on either side.

3m

3.5m

6m

6.8m

7.7m

3.8m

If the curb was fully utilised filling the approx 6m wide footpath on either side, the street would be able to sustain up to 2288 persons at full capacity. This is a doubling of existing flow allowing more people to freely occupy the

edge.

Under ideal conditions, where the street becomes completely accessible to pedestrians, at full capacity, 5720 persons would be able to occupy the street at any given time.

Considering that both Swanston & Elizabeth St at peak hours (See Appendix A) expect an inflow of approx 1500 persons we can expect a similar no. from the future Parkville Station as well. As a result the inflow of pedestrians into Grattan St will sit around 4,500+ persons.

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Figure 8. Swanston Street Interface. Source: Google.maps

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05 CONCEPT

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EXPLORING CONCEPT & PROGRAM CONCEPT - Make connection with surrounding environment.

- Create connections between public open spaces.

- Potential for new spaces

- Create new sources of life - Tease life out of edges

HEALTH & WELLBEING

ACCESS & CONNECT

PROGRAM

INNOVATION

GUIDE

LANDSCAPED SEATING

SPORTS & RECREATION

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HE

INTERDISCIPLINARY

Transform spaces so they can function differently across the day and can social distance if needed.

Connect with other community spaces

COWORKING

EALTH

COLLABORATION

CREATIVE OUTLETS

TEMPORARY URBANISM

COMMUNITY

TEACHING & LEARNING

ART APPRECIATION RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 45

VISION

Stop 1

GRA TTA

N ST REE

T

ET

N STO

E STR

AN SW

HOW CAN WE CREATE SPACES FOR COLLABORATION AND INTERACTION WHICH ENCOURAGE USERS TO LINGER AT THE EDGE WHERE CAMPUS MEETS CITY SUCH AS THAT ALONG GRATTAN STREET? The application of the parti diagram can be seen reflected in this concept diagram. The blue represents academy bleeding back into the city and the orange vice versa. Within each space various activities may occur as proposed earlier. The brown is where the public streetscape becomes the blend between campus and city.

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CASE STUDY LITERATURE MANUAL OF PHYSICAL DISTANCING

Long term streetscape solutions

Expanding the commercial sidewalk

The manual functions as a good case study to understand streetscape design options when dealing with global health emergencies such as that of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The manual acts as a guide providing different scenarios to a variety of typologies from built form to streetcape, to public spaces and transportation.

Street mobility under social distancing measures

The typologies are tested against the environmental, economic and social realities of the pandemic to create a toolkit of outcomes in instances of low, medium and high funding opportunities.

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PRECEDENT STUDY ‘MLC NICHOLAS LEARNING CENTRE’, MELBOURNE MCLDOWIE PARTNERS

Image By Peter Bennets (2019)

The learning centre functions as a ‘worldready’ education development within MLC. The open roof garden provides sightlines in all directions and the curvature of the design for the rest of the building aims at connecting the formal with informal campus context.

The light natural materials and soft landscaping allows the framing of beautiful views while expressing an open connection beyond the college. The natural landscape of the rooftop garden seamlessly incorporates back into the urban landscape creating a relaxed and calming space for learning to occur.

Image By Peter Bennets (2019)

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‘LOTTUS’, SYDNEY STUDIO HOLLENSTEIN IN COLLABORATION WITH STEWART ARCHITECTURE

Image By Eneadesign.com (2018)

The library contains versatile, sturdy, stylish seating that complemented the architecture of the building, Like many other contemporary libraries, the Green Square Library and Plaza is more than a place to house a collection of books. It is a space where students, workers, children, parents and grandparents can read, work, play and explore.

Being able to physically see the natural environment and natural lighting contributes positive mental and physical health benef its in a world where everything is so digital.

Image By Eneadesign.com (2018)

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‘CHECKERBOARD LAWN’, POLAND GALERIA EL ART CENTRE

Image By Ada Kotynska and Lukasz Kotynski (2020)

Galeria EL Art Centre in Elblag (Poland) turned a spacious lawn in its publicly accessible courtyard into a green chessboard.

The aim is to encourage outdoor activities while keeping safe distancing zones and combating drought at the same time.

On the one hand, this lawn pattern helps maintain the recommended social distance related to the coronavirus pandemic, and on the other hand it offers a chance to enjoy a comfortable time in short-cut grass squares.

Additionally, the unmowed areas improve water circulation and provide a safe space for various insects.

Image By Ada Kotynska and Lukasz Kotynski (2020)

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‘A WALL PAINTING WITH CHAIRS’, CALIFORNIA JENSEN ARCHITECTS

Image By Jensen Architects (2013)

This project was developed as an adaptable tool kit serving new public programming and special events at the Oakland Museum of California.

The project creates an outdoor living room for the community with simple metal garden chairs hung from hooks like chairs in a Shaker house.

The project functions as an interactive participatory piece where staff and visitors can create multiple seating arrangements in response to different events and gatherings.

Image By Jensen Architects (2013)

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‘MI CASA, YOUR CASA’, ATLANTA ESRAWE STUDIO

Image By Esrawe Studio & Cadena (2014)

‘Mi casa, your casa’ was f irst installed in Atlanta to establish a new relationship between the high museum and the neighborhood, not only transforming the public space but building a bond between the community surrounding it. After Atlanta, the installation was placed in several museums, streets and public parks in different cities and countries. It also served as a temporary refuge for some families that lost their homes during the earthquake of 2017 in Mexico.

The installation also has the possibility to be reconf igured in multiple scenarios and be able to host multiple activities. Under the condition of Covid-19 the installation can function as an urban installation for social distancing.

Image By Esrawe Studio & Cadena (2014)

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OVERALL DESIGN INTERVENTION STRATEGIES: STRATEGIC LEVEL

STRATEGIES: PRECINCT LEVEL

DESIGN: UNIVERSITY PLAZA

54 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

KEY DIRECTIONS 1. Create a homogeneous streetscape connecting Elizabeth and Swanston Street

2. Improve relationship between university and city

3. Facilitate a sense of arrival at major gateways

4. Provide moments of intensity and tranquility

RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 55

Figure 9. Grattan Street Interface. Source: Google.maps

56 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

06 DESIGN

RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 57

DESIGN INTERVENTION SOUTH LAWN

JOHN MEDEL

MELBOURNE MEDICAL SCHOOL ELIZABETH STREET

CATALYST SITE

MELBOURNE SCHOOL OF HEALTH SCIENCES

BARRY STREET

THE PETER DOHERTY INSTITUTE FOR INFECTION AND IMMUNITY

BERKELEY STREET

PARKVILLE STATION

UNIVERSITY SQUARE

Urban Codes - Public Realm

University Square Urban Design Intervention

Strategic Framework

Urban plaza for interaction, collaboration and partnerships. Space for flexible use & interaction

58 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

LY

STOP 1

OLD ENGINEERING

SWANSTON STREET

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

BOUVERIE STREET

LEICESTER STREET

GRATTAN STREET

0m 5m

20m

50m

Figure 10. Grattan Street Design Intervention Diagram

Underground Network Connection

Built Form Interface Intervention

A physical link connecting campus and city. An underground network between South Lawn, Parkville Station & University Square.

Spaces at the edge for ground floor uses to occupy the public realm

RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 59

STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK

IC

Why is Grattan Street important and determined as the ‘edge’ between campus and city?

At a strategic level, the framework aims to broadly tackle the street to dissolve these harsh interfaces through a series of strategies under topics of Access & Movement, Built Form, Landscape & Public Realm.

60 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

EM ACAD

EM ACAD

IC

IC

ITY RS IVE RE U N QUA S

Since early campus development the main university campus is bounded by four major roads, College Cres to the north, Grattan Street to the South and Swanston & Elisabeth Streets to the east and west respectively. While the university does extend past Grattan Street, the street however is seen as a major barrier not only poorly connecting the expanded university but also has poor interfaces to the city. As seen in the axo, the main campus is bounded by a homogenous street wall with a further barrier of an approximately 1.8m high fence that extends across the edge.

The 30m wide carriageway currently services 4 lanes of vehicular traffic with an additional 2 lanes of parallel parking creating a streetscape that is both unappealing to pedestrians and inhibits north south access and movement.

C

EM ACAD

I EM AD AC

Grattan street will become a destination with high intensity movement and density. The surrounding built from and public realm needs to match the envisioned increase of activities anticipated for the streetscape for a town and gown approach.

AC

EM ACAD

IC

H UT N SO AW L

I EM AD AC

M IC

C

DE ACA

M IC

M IC

DE ACA

EM

IAL

AD AC

DE ACA

IC

M ERC COM

E

F CA EM

AD AC IC

M IC

DE ACA

M IC

DE ACA E

F CA E

F CA

RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 61

ACCESS & MOVEMENT

A

B

C

D

STRATEGIES:

A Widen & remove footpaths Footpaths will be removed or refitted to be flush with the existing road. This is to allow adequate space to maintain well designed outdoor dining spaces with unobstructed views across the streetscape.

B Install pedestrian priority signals Pedestrian priority signals in forms of wayfinding signage, digital crossings, lighting and street amenities are implemented to ensure inclusion and usability for people of all ages and abilities.

62 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

C Temporal closure of Grattan Street to cars Between the hours of 7am & 7pm Grattan street between Swanston & Elizabeth will be closed to vehicular traffic. Vehicular traffic will be diverted to secondary streets (see Appendix B: Pedestrian Movement Analysis)

D Demarcation of bike lanes Bike lanes and shared spaces should be demarcated clearly to ensure the safety of different user groups. These spaces will assist in the zoning of the streetscape without compromising essential or emergency access to private buildings.

BUILT FORM

B A

C

STRATEGIES:

A Break up uniform street wall Street wall should restrict from being uniform to eliminate long distances of inactive frontages. Fences that limit visibility and accessibility should be avoided to encourage fluid transition between street edges.

B

Mixed use buildings that encourage collaboration

Academic buildings should refrain from being single use and encourage occupation of mixed use functions along the ground floor plane.

C Incorporate street into building Building frontages should connect private and public by limiting opaque facades and open directly onto the street. Where blank walls are inevitable, creative interpretations of these facades should be encouraged through street art.

RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 63

ENVIRONMENT & LANDSCAPE

D

B

A C

D

STRATEGIES:

A Landscapes for recreation A network of recreation spaces will play a vital role in the public life of Grattan Street.

Pedestrian, cycling and sporting links will set an atmosphere that the space is priorities for people over cars.

B Streetscape Greening The street will accommodate large canopy trees with places for fixed seating and resting. Street landscape including tree pits & garden beds should incorporate water sensitive urban design (WSUD) 64 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

C Create green spaces across vertical plane Green walls, green roofs and multilevel planting will assist in softening the existing infrastructure and enhance the interface to the private realm.

D Working & experiential landscapes Benchmark exemplars in learning landscapes should be explored to assist in designing outdoor spaces for individual and group learning. The designs will help balance intimate study areas (indoors) within campus - city transition requirements.

PUBLIC REALM

A

B C

D

STRATEGIES:

A Student space / station gateway Prioritize student led experiences and design outcomes should consider specific qualities of the place such as those who live, work and visit the area.

B Laneway activation Explore benchmark case studies for laneway standards to upgrade including lighting, signage, spillage, surfaces, landscaping and function.

C Multi-purpose innovation plaza Allow a multiplicity of uses within open spaces along the university edge. Plaza should provide a flexibility of uses and functions which can be altered to suit events and pandemic constraints.

D Digital Gateway The digital gateway should function as a threshold into the pedestrian priority streetscape. Programs should incorporate a transition to innovative design outcomes with digital experiences.

RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 65

STRATEGIC MASTERPLAN RESEARCH HUB EM ACAD

IC

D XE MI

TOP ROOFDEM IC ACA PACE S

E

US

COMMERCIAL

PARKVILLE STATION

I EM AD AC C

TOP ROOAFRDEN G

EM ACAD

IC

STUDENT SPACE / INNOVATION HUB

TOP ROOF EM IC ACADACE SP

I EM AD AC C

UNIVERSITY SQUARE

EN

OP E AC SP

DEM ACA FTOP

ROO

IC M IC

DE ACA

E

SPAC

E

F CA

R KE E MA PAC S

Building Mixed Use Breakdown Teach & Learning

Commercial/ Retail (city programs)

Meeting Rooms / Breakout Spaces

Open Space

Co-working / Collaboration 66 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

SOUTH LAWN

I EM AD AC C

I EM

AD AC C

TOPIC EME ROOF ACAD SPAC

M IC

D XE MI

DE ACA E

US

SE

DU M IXE

MULTI-PURPOSE SPACE

ROOF

TOP A SPAC CADEMI C E

EM

AD AC IC

E PAC

EN

OP E AC SP

E/ PAC GE ER S OU N MAKDENT L STU

M ADE P AC

IC S

FTO

FE CA

ROO FE CA

Figure 11. Grattan Street Strategic Masterplan RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 67

LANDSCAPE CYCLE

PARKVILL STATION ENTRANCE

BLANK WALL

PRECINCT LEVEL TRIANGULATION

PUBLIC WORKING NOOK

COMMUNITY

APPROPRIATION

PARKVILL STATION ENTRANCE

COMMUNITY ACTIVITY

ACTIVITY

ACTIVITY

COMMUNITY

1B. Parking

ACCESS

B.O.H / PARKING

ACTIVITY

CAMPUS

TRANSITION

ACCESS

APPROPRIATION

BUILDING GENERAL URBAN CODES

1A. Service Lanes

BLANK WALL

APPROPRIATE

SIGNAGE

CAMPUS

BUILDING

TRIANGULATION

APPROPRIATE

CYCLE

LANDSCAPE

TRANSITION

KING ACTIVITY

Shared parking spaces along Grattan Street Vehicle movement & access to be diverted off the main street to service lanes. Main vehicleACCESS have a limit of 2hrs during off peak hours of COMMUNITY the day (see 1A). access along Grattan Street only accessible between 7pm & 7am Mon-Friday & 5pm & COMMUNITY 10am Sat-Sun (off peak) ACCESS ACTIVITY

BLANK WALL

ACTIVITY

1C. Footpath Zoning

ACTIVITY

COMMUNITY

PUBLIC WORKING NOOK

TRANSITION

TRANSITION

LANDSCAPE CYCLE

PARKVILL STATION ENTRANCE

APPROPRIATION

TRIANGULATION

BLANK WALL

APPROPRIATE

BUILDING

B.O.H / PARKING

Footpath zones will be differentiated through a street paving palette to informally demarcate pedestrian movement, seating, trading, landscaping and cycling. Footpath zones should have a minimum of 3m width.

68 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

APPROPRIATION

1D. Remove Kerb

BLANK WALL

PARKVILL STATION ENTRANCE

1E. Wayfinding

B.O.H / PARKING

CAMPUS

ACT

ACCESS COMMUNITY ACTIVITY SIGNAGE

C ACTIVITY

COMMUNITY

Wayfinding and signage should be place in places which are visually foreseeable and don’t obstructTRANSITION the movement and flow of pedestrian & cyclist networks LANDSCAPE

PUBLIC WORKING NOOK

CYCLE

PARKVILL STATION

APPROPRIATE

TRIANGULATION

BUILDING

B.O.H / PARKING

BLANK WALL

Kerbside with adjacent parallel parking should be removed to widen footpath to comply with social distancing regulations and allow onstreet spillage and occupation of parking spaces for street trading under pandemic mode.

RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 69

CAMPUS

BUILT FORM & MIX URBAN CODES 2A. Building Mix

2B. Street wall & setback ACTIVITY

ACCESS COMMUNITY

ACTIVITY

ACTIVITY

COMMUNITY ACCESS

ACTIVITY

COMMUNITY

PUBLIC WORKING NOOK

TRANSITION

TRANSITION

CYCLE

Provide a mix of working and learning uses on and above the ground floor.

APPROPRIATE Developments with a building height of more than 3 stories should allocate 40% of the TRIANGULATION ground floor for commercial use and 30% of the overall building for collaborative workshops.

STATION ENTRANCE Ground floorPARKVILL frontages with a street wall height of more than 2 storeys should be set back minimum 2.5m from the street wall to provide articulation to the street facade APPROPRIATION

BLANK WALL

LANDSCAPE

BUILDING

2D. Interface to Street

BLANK WALL

B.O.H / PARKING

2C. Blank Walls / Facades

70 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

Where developments are less than 3 stories, ground floor interfaces must provide active uses to the street.

WALL

Where blank walls are unavoidable, consider programs which activate the street. These edges should accommodate flexible uses which can be appropriated and altered overtime.

COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE URBAN CODES 3A. Community Facilities

2E. Laneways

CAMPUS

ACTIVITY

ACCESS COMMUNITY CAMPUS

ACTIVITY

ACTIVITY

COMMUNITY ACCESS

ACTIVITY

COMMUNITY

Keep laneways clear for desired paths and ensure laneways have daylight exposure and ACCESS comfortable dimension. Where laneways are COMMUNITY TRANSITION wider then 3m, incorporate seating.

Allocate specific spaces with priority for community infrastructure and use. Formulate community engagement plan to coordinate events and activities.

ACTIVITY

PUBLIC WORKING NOOK

ACTIVITY

TRANSITION

ACTIVITY

LANDSCAPE COMMUNITY ACTIVITY

ACCESS CYCLE

PARKVILL STATION ENTRANCE

COMMUNITY

APPROPRIATE BLANK WALL

3B. WSUD

APPROPRIATION PUBLIC WORKING NOOK

TRIANGULATION TRANSITION

BUILDING

ACCESS

BLANK WALL

APPROPRIATION

B.O.H / PARKING

PARKVILL STATION ENTRANCE

COMM

ACTIVITY

C

Include water sensitive urban design for new and existing spaces. Develop a water management plan which outlines water cycle maintenance which provides a network of pipes and tanks to existing green spaces, future green spaces and rooftop gardens.

TRANSITION

LANDSCAPE

RETROFITTING GRATTAN CYCLE 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 71

P

GRATTAN STREET PUBLIC SPACE FRAMEWORK

Outdoor Dining Parks & Gardens Event Space Meeting Space Outdoor Study Flexible Space

72 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

MELBOURNE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING / LIBRARY

INNOVATION HUB COMPUTER REPAIR SHOP

UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE GRADUATE STUDENT ASSOCIATION

OLD ENGINEERING BUILDING

THE FORUM / EVENT SPACE FOR SHOWCASE, EXHIBITIONS, INDUSTRY SPREAKERS, DEMOS, HACKATHORN, SOCIAL & CULTURAL EVENTS

ENGINEERING CREATOR SPACE CAFE

THOROUGHFARE

STORE COFFEE HOT DESK

KITCHEN

COWORKING STUDIOS SMALL

CONCIERGE

ARTIST SUPPLY SHOP

STUDENT HUB

CAFE

STUDIO

STUDIO STUDIO

STUDENT HOUSING

SANDBOX HUB

RESTAURANT

BAKERY

RESTAURANT

CAFE

SERVICE ROAD

CAFE

PHOTOGRAPHY STUDIO

OFFICE

STUDIO

TEC LAB

CAFE

CAFE

SOTRE

OFFICE

PRINCE ALFRED ROOFTOP & BAR

COWORKING SPACE

STEM CLASSROOM STARTUP STUDIO

REHERSAL ROOMS

LAB COFFEE TO UNDERGROUND CARPARK

STUDIO

STUDENT HOUSING MENTORING SPACE

MELBOURNE SOCIAL EQUITY INSTITUTE

STORE

COUNSELLING STUDENT HOUSING STUDENT HOUSING

LAB

SCHOOL OF EDUCATION

STUDIO

STARTUP STUDIO

COMMERCIAL

STUDIO

HASS CLASSROOM

STUDIO

CAFE STUDENT HOUSING STUDENT HOUSING

WORKSHOP

OUTDOOR DINING

STUDIO

RESTAURANT

CREATOR SPACE

OFFICE SUPPLY SHOP LECTURE THEATRE

GALLERY / STORE

UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE GRADUATE DENTAL SCHOOL

SERVICE ROAD

0m 5m

20m

50m

RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 73

GRATTAN STREET LAND USE FRAMEWORK

TO SOUTH LAWN

JOHN MEDLEY BUILDING

JOHN MEDLEY BUILDING

HOWARD FLOREY MEDICAL LABOROTORIES

THEATRE

SERVICE ROAD

CLINICAL ROOMS

SCIENCE & ART OF MEDICINE GALLERY

CLINICAL ROOMS

OFFICE

STUD SPAC Y E

SERVICE ROAD

SHOP

GATEKEEPERS COTTAGE (MUSEUM)

CAFE

POPUP FOOD CART

PARKVILLE STATION

CAFE

TOILET

CAFE / LAW & COMMERCE BOOKSTORE WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE

OFFICE

SERVICE LANE

Existing Academy Existing Industry New Academy New Industry Community Living Public Open Space 74 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

OFFICE

GYM

RESIDENT ACCOMODATION

RESIDENT ACCOMODATION

LIFT CORE

FLEXIBLE WORKING SPACE

PHOENIX AUSTRALIA COUNSELLING ROOMS

PHYSIO

LOADING

LIFT CORE

GENERAL PRACTICIONER

SHOP

BOOKSTORE

SHOP

OFFICE

POPUP FOOD CART

PHARMACY THEATRE ROOM

CAFE

OFFICE

POPUP FOOD CART

FLORIST

E

ANATOMY MUSEUM

INDOOR LE POOL TAB

OFFICE

MEDICAL STORE

LANEWAY

INDOOR SPORT SPACE

SERVIC E LAN

MELBOURNE MEDICAL SCHOOL ATRIUM STUDY SPACE

LAB

COWORKING STUDIO

LAB

LAWN

ACCESS TO STATION & SOUTH LAWN CAR PARK

TOILET

MELBOURNE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING / LIBRARY

INNOVATION HUB COMPUTER REPAIR SHOP

UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE GRADUATE STUDENT ASSOCIATION

OLD ENGINEERING BUILDING

LECTURE THEATRE

GALLERY / STORE

THE FORUM / EVENT SPACE FOR SHOWCASE, EXHIBITIONS, INDUSTRY SPREAKERS, DEMOS, HACKATHORN, SOCIAL & CULTURAL EVENTS

ENGINEERING CREATOR SPACE CAFE

THOROUGHFARE

STORE COFFEE HOT DESK

KITCHEN

COWORKING STUDIOS SMALL

CONCIERGE

ARTIST SUPPLY SHOP

STUDENT HUB

CAFE

STUDIO

MENTORING SPACE

STUDIO STUDIO

STUDENT HOUSING

SANDBOX HUB

RESTAURANT

BAKERY

RESTAURANT

CAFE

SERVICE ROAD

CAFE

PHOTOGRAPHY STUDIO

OFFICE

STUDIO

TEC LAB

CAFE

CAFE

SOTRE

OFFICE

PRINCE ALFRED ROOFTOP & BAR

COWORKING SPACE

STEM CLASSROOM STARTUP STUDIO

REHERSAL ROOMS

LAB COFFEE TO UNDERGROUND CARPARK

STUDIO

STUDENT HOUSING

MELBOURNE SOCIAL EQUITY INSTITUTE

STORE

COUNSELLING STUDENT HOUSING STUDENT HOUSING

LAB

SCHOOL OF EDUCATION

STUDIO

STARTUP STUDIO

COMMERCIAL

STUDIO

HASS CLASSROOM

STUDIO

CAFE STUDENT HOUSING STUDENT HOUSING

WORKSHOP

OUTDOOR DINING

STUDIO

RESTAURANT

CREATOR SPACE

OFFICE SUPPLY SHOP

UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE GRADUATE DENTAL SCHOOL

SERVICE ROAD

0m 5m

20m

50m

RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 75

PRECINCT 1: THE DIGITAL GATEWAY

MI CASA YOUR CASA SOCIAL DISTANCING HUTS

SHARED BIKE / CAR LANE

ONSTREET PARKING

ROOFTOP CAFE SHARED CAR PARKING OUTDOOR DINING

76 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

PAVED SEATING

NATIVE AUSTRALIAN GARDEN

SOLAR PANELS

OPEN AIR CINEMA

ROOFTOP GARDEN / STUDY

PUBLIC ROOFTOP & STUDY SPACE GRASSED LAWN

OUTDOOR STUDY SPACE

UNDERCROFT THOROUGHFARE BIKE STANDS STUDENT HUB TRANSPARENT LIFT CORE INTERACTIVE DIGITAL FLOOR

ROOFTOP GARDEN

Figure 12. Precinct 1: The Digital Gateway RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 77

PRECINCT 1: THE DIGITAL GATEWAY SITE PLAN MELBOURNE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING / LIBRARY

E

B INNOVATION HUB COMPUTER REPAIR SHOP

UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE GRADUATE STUDENT ASSOCIATION

CREATOR SPACE

OFFICE SUPPLY SHOP

COWORKING STUDIOS SMALL

CONCIERGE

ARTIST SUPPLY SHOP

C

D

D

STUDENT HUB

CAFE

B E

RESTAURANT

RESTAURANT

BAKERY

SERVICE ROAD

CAFE

CAFE

PHOTOGRAPHY STUDIO

OFFICE

STUDIO

TEC LAB

CAFE

COWORKING SPACE

PRINCE ALFRED ROOFTOP & BAR

SCHOOL OF EDUCATION

MELBOURNE SOCIAL EQUITY INSTITUTE

CAFE

A

UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE GRADUATE DENTAL SCHOOL

SERVICE ROAD

0m 5m

20m

50m

LEGEND Built form

Road

Outdoor Seating

Bike Rack

Lawn / Garden Bed

Shared Parking

Vegetated Seating

Street light

Pedestrian access

Entrance

Sporting Ground

78 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

PREFERRED EXTERNAL SPACE TYPOLOGIES

A

Through extending the pedestrian occupied space and creating a flush surface with the existing road allows more flexible occupation of the sidewalk. The sidewalk appropriation by cafe’s for parklets and onstreet dining can be expanded and contracted in line with governmental health regulations.

During pandemics, diners will occupy a larger percentage of the street and under normal conditions, they will be available to use as parklets of parallel parking.

B

A series of rooftop gardens and public spaces paired with linear landscaped gardens and deep rooted tree pits aims to tackle the water sensitive urban design role of the site.

These green spaces will assist the water cycle of the precinct, addressing the harsh existing urban environment to create spaces that improve the aesthetic and recreational value of the space.

RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 79

PREFERRED EXTERNAL SPACE TYPOLOGIES cont.

C

Flexible seating are unprogramed spaces that provides the user the freedom to appropriate the space to their liking. Infrastructure such as movable tables and chairs are provided but are not confined to one location. This allows the freedom for users to use the space in a group setting for project discussion or individual settings for social isolation but still being able to feel as part of a whole.

80 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

D

Fixed spaces are proposed as study teaching and learning spaces will function as public study spaces under normal conditions but can transform into a classroom during pandemics when indoor classrooms are no longer accessible. These spaces are sheltered and set back from the main street frontage and contains a landscaped edge to

PROPOSED PAVING TEXTURES

E

Retain asphalt for the shared bike & car access

Larger paving tiles for on street dining, parklet appropriation & shared parking Interventions to the built form will directly address the inactive edge conditions around the site. Inactive interfaces is proposed to be digitalised for more community based uses. Ie. A digital screen to the north of the diagram can be used by the university for marketing advertisements and exhibitions but can also be transformed in the evening to become a community outdoor cinema to allow the precinct to be active during the day and into the evening.

Smaller paving tiles to demarcate the footpath occupation RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 81

THE DIGITAL GATEWAY

A

A. Tech Lab

B. Student Hub

C. Coworking

OUTDOOR DINING

COMMERCIAL

MEETING

COMMERCIAL

A TECH LAB

SHARED BIKE / CAR LANE

COMMERCIAL 20.5m CAFE

CAFE

CAFE

82 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

6m

6m

3m

3m

12

TING

STUDENT SERVICE

LAB

0.5m

2m

6m

6m

Footpath

Outdoor Dining

3m

3m

Shared Street

12m

2.5m

Public Zone

5.5m

10.5m

17m

Lift Footpath

D. Innovation Hub

LIFT CORE

ROOFTOP PUBLIC SPACE

ACADEMIC ACADEMIC C COWORKING

STUDENT SERVICE

INNOVATION HUB

2.5m

5.5m

10.5m

STUDENT HUB

17m

36.5m

CAFE

B

D

INNOVATION HUB CONCIERGE

0m

5m

10m

20m

RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 83

PRECINCT 2: FINE GRAIN STUDENT PRECINCT

GATEKEEPERS COTTAGE

HUDDLE S

SHARED BIKE / CAR LANE ACCESS TO PARKVILLE STATION & SOUTH LAWN UNDERGROUND CARPARK STEPPED SEATING

MOVABLE SEATING & DINING

LIFT ACCESS

GRASSED LAWN

FINE GRAIN STUDIO SPACES (EXTENSION OF SOUTHBANK VCA)

LANEWAY GREENING & ACTIVATION TAKEAWAY CAFE WINDOWS

REAR L MEETIN ROOFTOP BREAKOUT SPACE

84 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

SPACE

SOLAR PANELS GREEN WALLS

ROOFTOP CLASSROOMS

GROUND FLOOR COMMERCIAL

ENTREPRENEUR WORKSHOP ROOMS

POPUP EXHIBITION BOX

ENTRANCE TO ‘SAND BOX’ / NEW THOROUGHFARE

BIKE STANDS SHARED CAR PARKING

LANEWAY NG ROOMS

Figure 13. Precinct 2: Fine Grain Student Precinct RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 85

PRECINCT 2: FINE GRAIN STUDENT PRECINCT SITE PLAN

TO SOUTH LAWN

JOHN MEDLEY BUILDING

JOHN MEDLEY BUILDING

COMPUTER REPAIR SHOP OLD ENGINEERING BUILDING

GATEKEEPERS COTTAGE (MUSEUM)

CREATOR SPACE

COWORKING STUDIO

SERVICE ROAD

SERVICE ROAD

LECTURE THEATRE

GALLERY / STORE

THE FORUM / EVENT SPACE FOR SHOWCASE, EXHIBITIONS, INDUSTRY SPREAKERS, DEMOS, HACKATHORN, SOCIAL & CULTURAL EVENTS

ENGINEERING CREATOR SPACE RESTAURANT

CAFE

THOROUGHFARE

A

KITCHEN

STORE COFFEE HOT DESK

COWORKING STUDIOS SMALL CAFE

OUTDOOR DINING

FLEXIBLE WORKING SPACE

ACCESS TO STATION & SOUTH LAWN CAR PARK

STUDIO STUDIO

STEM CLASSROOM STARTUP STUDIO

STUDIO STUDIO

SANDBOX HUB

STUDIO STUDIO

MENTORING SPACE

LAB

MELBOURNE SOCIAL EQUITY INSTITUTE

STORE

COUNSELLING STUDENT HOUSING STUDENT HOUSING STUDENT HOUSING

B

A

STARTUP STUDIO

COMMERCIAL

C

STUDENT HOUSING STUDENT HOUSING

SOTRE

STUDIO

CAFE

TOILET

REHERSAL ROOMS

LAB COFFEE

STUDIO

D

TO UNDERGROUND CARPARK

E

LIFT CORE

OFFICE

LIFT CORE

WORKSHOP

TOILET

E

C

HASS CLASSROOM

D

LAWN STUDENT HOUSING

0m 5m

20m

50m

LEGEND Built form

Road

Outdoor Seating

Bike Rack

Lawn / Garden Bed

Shared Parking

Vegetated Seating

Street light

Pedestrian access

Entrance

Sporting Ground

86 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

PRINCE ALFRED ROOFTOP & BAR

PREFERRED EXTERNAL SPACE TYPOLOGIES

A

Connections into the campus and to the city is prioritised through activating laneways and ‘breaking’ up the building to create thoroughfares with active commercial frontages.

Laneways are spaces for more intimate gatherings and creative outlets where the public realm or street is an extension of the private studio spaces.

B

Public spaces such as that of University Plaza will become a destination for events, collaboration, and meetups. The proposed decline in elevation of the lawn facilitates a visual and physical connection to the campus and the surrounding city diversifying the otherwise flat typology of the streetscape. In addition, it adds a new program to the existing uninviting concrete plaza. The lawn is linked in with various smaller green spaces around the precinct to create a vibrant space to occupy.

RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 87

PREFERRED EXTERNAL SPACE TYPOLOGIES cont.

C

Fixed infrastructure and outdoor seating and dining spaces regulate the flow and capacity of the precinct. These spaces allow single or group occupation while informally addressing access & movement. Outdoor dining and trading spaces will be semi-enclosed directing the user to meander around these edges creating a socally distant barrier between the seated and the passer.

88 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

D

Flexible recreational spaces are proposed within the student precinct to allow chance encounter along the edge or triangulation ‘the occurrance where strangers come together over a common topic’ whether that be over sports, art, industry news or protests, the edge is there these activities are encouraged to occur.

PROPOSED PAVING TEXTURES

E

Fully paved streetscape between University Square and the campus edge

Crazy paving allocated to the University square plaza informally limiting appropriation of unwanted activities.

More permanent interventions to the built form are proposed and designed specifically to cater to group collaborations or meetings.

As the site generally consists of project based areas of study, it is important to design a platform where students and professional can publicly express and communicate their ideas.

Whether that be though outdoor exhibitions or coworking hubs, these spaces should be accessible to staff, students and the community.

Larger paving tiles for on street dining, parklet appropriation & shared parking

Smaller paving tiles to demarcate the footpath occupation RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 89

FINE GRAIN STUDENT PRECINCT

B

A. Studio Spaces

B. Laneway Activation

SHARED BIKE / CAR LANE

OUTDOOR DINING

LANEWAY ACTIVATION FINE GRAIN STUDENT PRECINCT

ACADEMIC

14.9m

5.5m

12.8m

7m CAFE

STUDIO

B

COWORKING STUDIO

A STUDIO

CAFE

CAFE PHOTO STUDIO

REHEARSAL

ART ART STUDIO STUDIO

STUDIO

90 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

4.5m

4.5m

3m

3m

8m

ACADEMIC

STUDY SPACE

EMIC

COMMERCIAL 7m

4.5m

Footpath

4.5m

Outdoor Dining

3m

3m

Shared Street

8m

7.3m

4.3m

Footpath

14.6m

Transition Zone

C. Street To Campus Transition

D. Elevated Study Space

ACADEMIC

STUDY SPACE

ACADEMIC

COMMERCIAL 7.3m

4.3m

14.6m

C

4.2m

29m

D EXISTING CLASSROOMS

MEETING ROOMS

0m

5m

10m

20m

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PRECINCT 3: EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING

SOCIALDISTANCING GRASSED LAWN

COMMERCIAL FRONTAGE

ELIZABETH STREET INTERSECTION

POP UP STREET TRADING

SOLAR PANELS ROOFTOP STUDY SPACE

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MI CASA YOUR CASA SOCIAL DISTANCING HUTS

MUSEUM ENTRANCE

PUBLIC OPEN SPACE / STUDY SPACE

EXISTING UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

RETAINED BUILDING

UNDERGROUND ACCESS PARKVILLE STATION

SHARED BIKE / CAR LANE

ONSTREET PARKING

GROUND FLOOR SETBACK

BIKE STANDS

Figure 14. Precinct 3: Experiential Learning RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 93

PRECINCT 3: EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING SITE PLAN

HOWARD FLOREY MEDICAL LABOROTORIES

THEATRE

LAB

CLINICAL ROOMS

OFFICE

A

A

STU DY SPAC E

BOOKSTORE

E PARKVILLE STATION

C

CAFE

PHARMACY THEATRE ROOM

SCIENCE & ART OF MEDICINE GALLERY

B

POPUP FOOD CART

D

FLORIST

CAFE

CAFE / LAW & COMMERCE BOOKSTORE WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE

GENERAL PRACTICIONER OFFICE

PHOENIX AUSTRALIA COUNSELLING ROOMS

LOADING

GYM

RESIDENT ACCOMODATION

OFFICE

PHYSIO

SHOP

POPUP FOOD CART

SHOP

OFFICE

POPUP FOOD CART

SHOP

CAFE

OFFICE

INDOOR E BL POOL TA

OFFICE

INDOOR SPORT SPACE

LANE

ANATOMY MUSEUM

LANEWAY

B

CLINICAL ROOMS

MEDICAL STORE

SERVICE

MELBOURNE MEDICAL SCHOOL ATRIUM STUDY SPACE

LAB

SERVICE LANE

RESIDENT ACCOMODATION

0m 5m

20m

50m

LEGEND Built form

Road

Outdoor Seating

Bike Rack

Lawn / Garden Bed

Shared Parking

Vegetated Seating

Street light

Pedestrian access

Entrance

Sporting Ground

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PREFERRED EXTERNAL SPACE TYPOLOGIES

A

As the built from within this precinct are all large singular blocks, it is important to address the streetscape as much as possible through the use of pop up trading spaces as well as activating the lower level facades through the reduction of glazed frontages and instead opeing the facade directly onto the main street by implementing small courtyards or setting back the ground floor from the street frontage.

B

Open spaces could alternatively function as breakout spaces or places to breathe and relax. As the precinct is heavily law and medical based, it is important to design spaces not only for students but also cater to the staff who work and conduct research in the surrounding hospitals. They will require spaces which do not conflict with their high stress work environment and safe spaces for them to relax and unwind.

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PREFERRED EXTERNAL SPACE TYPOLOGIES cont.

C

Flexible & movable seating structures should be designed and implemented to control movement and under pandemic mode social distancing. While the street width is the same as the previous 2 precincts, the height of the surrounding buildings makes the street level feel more narrow and therefore less fixed programing should be implemented to allow the space to feel more open.

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D

Both fixed and flexible study spaces should be provided given the land uses around the precinct. The precinct will be subject to high flows of pedestrian movement as it has a major intersection to the west and the new proposed station at its east.

PROPOSED PAVING TEXTURES

E

Retain asphalt for the shared bike & car access

Larger paving tiles for on street dining, parklet appropriation & shared parking Parkville Station will become a prominent destination once construction is complete.

Currently visualisations show the entrance as an open aired commercialised space with green walls, coffee shops, landscaping and a dedicated bike lane. I propose to retain these elements however additional meeting hubs and appropriate way finding signages to key locations should also be implemented to provide users ease of access.

Smaller paving tiles to demarcate the footpath occupation RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 97

EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING

C

A. Moot Rooms

B. Mezzanine Floor ROOFTOP GARDEN

RESEARCH OUTDOOR DINING

ACADEMIC

POP UP FOOD CARTS SHARED BIKE / CAR LANE

RESEARCH LEGAL SERVICES ACADEMIC HEALTH SCIENCES A

MOOT ROOMS A

MEZZANINE CAFE / BOOK STORE

COUNSELLING 35m

9.4m

LECTURE THEATRES

GROUND FLOOR COUNCELLING ROOMS

B CAFE / BOOKSTORE

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7m

5m

3m

3m

RESEARCH

ACADEMIC

ACADE LABORA

RESEARCH

LABORA

WORK STATION

OK STORE 9.4m

7m

Outdoor Dining

Footpath

5m

3m

Shared Parking

3m

18.5m

Shared Street

Trading

C. Breakout Rooms

OUTDOOR SEATING

9.4m

Public Zone / Footpath

D. Work Stations

ACADEMIC LABORATORY LABORATORY

WORK STATION

18.5m

9.4m

D

28.5m

LECTURE THEATRES

CAFE ATRIUM / ANATOMY MUSEUM

UNIVERSITY GROUNDS

BREAKOUT ROOMS

C CAFE

0m

5m

10m

20m

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BUILT FORM LEVEL GRATTAN STREET MASTERPLAN

LEGEND Built form

Road

Outdoor Seating

Bike Rack

Lawn / Garden Bed

Shared Parking

Vegetated Seating

Street light

Pedestrian access

Entrance

Sporting Ground

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GRATTAN STREET INTERFACE

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Figure 15. Elevation and Perspective of Proposed Streetscape, colour RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 103

A MOMENT IN TIME

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Figure 16. A moment in time along Grattan Street Perspective

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UNIVERSITY SQUARE PLAZA As part of the design intervention, University square is proposed to be transformed into a public plaza with connections to the university, the station and surrounding local land uses.

The plaza is an integrated design resolution to providing collaborative and interactive spaces at the edge between campus and city.

University square will become a place for people to meet, collab, hold events, exhibitions bringing people from all walks of life together.

Underground The underground level will contain small commercial stores and retail shops servicing short and medium term users. These uses may include: coffee stands, fast food, clothing store, pharmacy, hairdresser, bookshop, popup stores etc. The underground connects to the future Parkville station and existing underground South Lawn Carpark

GF Pandemic Mode

E A

C

B

D

GF Covid Norm

E

Ground Floor Covid Norm The public open space will accommodate spaces for covid-norm under this condition, the plaza can hold a greater capacity of users and streets can be widened to have dedicated bike lanes with a landscaped edge.

A

C

B

D

E

Ground Floor Pandemic Mode Under pandemic mode temporary social distancing circles will be put in place, the street will return to a shared zone to promote the spillage of pedestrians onto the street.

Food stores

Grocery

Meeting Rooms

Small Retail

Health Checks

Public Open Space

Rental Spaces 106 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

D

Underground B

USER GROUPS A Staff & researchers

B Local Community

C Students

D Visitors / Tourists

C A

E Industry Experts

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UNIVERSITY PLAZA SQUARE STREETVIEW PLAZA VIEW

Figure 17. University Plaza Streetview Render

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DELIVERABLES QUICK WINS Benefits: - Temporary initiatives - Low risk -> high reward - Low cost -> testing ground - Realistic expectations PROJECT

SITE

STAKEHOLDERS

TIMEFRAME & USERS

Outdoor Dining

Existing onstreet parking spaces

- Business Owners - City of Melbourne (COM) through use of ‘Extended outdoor dining guidelines’ implemented by COM as part of COVID-19 response

- Implementation can be achieved now - Benefits owners, diners, local community and students

Outdoor Exhibition

University Square - Melbourne University to provide temporary shelted spaces to hold exhibition similar to MPavilion

- Implementation can be achieved for upcoming exhibitions such as MSDX - Benefits staff & students and invites industry professionals

Parklets

Existing onstreet parking spaces

- COM through use of ‘Extended outdoor dining guidelines’ implemented by COM as part of COVID-19 response

- Implementation can be achieved now - Benefits local community, staff and students of uni

Street Art

Blank Walls along Grattan St

- Building owners - COM: need permit application

- Implementation can be achieved now - Benefits the public realm encouraging users into the space and activates the built form interface

- COM through permit application which aligns with COM design standards strategy

-Implementation can be achieved after approval of signage

Signage / Various points Wayfinding along Grattan St

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LONG TERM Benefits: - Result in permanent change - More complex at a larger scale - Higher cost - Long term benefits over a broader context - Possible benchmarking for future projects PROJECT

SITE

Public Outdoor Cinema

Facade outside of Graduate - University of Student Association building Melbourne - COM acting as project coordinator - Local community group as mediator

Rooftop Gardens

Various Building Rooftops

- COM through use of ‘Green our city Strategic Action Plan’ - University of Melbourne; for uni specific sites

- Medium Term 2-3 years through determining feasibility of selected rooftops and consultation with property owners

University Square Plaza

University Square

- COM acting as project management in partnership with Vic Road, Melbourne University and Melbourne Metro

- Long Term 5-10 years after conducting an in depth analysis and feasibility report and community consultation to outline long term benefits

Street Narrowing

Grattan Street

- COM acting as project overseer in partnership with Vic Roads

- Medium Term 3-5 years through internal planning and management

- University of Melbourne - COM

- Long Term 5-10 years

Building Various Articulation

STAKEHOLDERS

TIMEFRAME & USERS - Short term 1-2 years through internal planning, management & registration

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07 CONCLUSION

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CONCLUSION

Grattan street may largely retain its existing street character into the future even after the completion of Parkville station and society returns to social norms. However, the experience of Covid-19 and the possibility of future pandemics have caused designers and government authorities to rethink the way we interact within the public realm. We have seen and felt the effects of how pandemics can impact not only the economy but also the academy and the street. As society hides in their homes, deserting the previous vibrant public realm, we have come to realise the importance of interaction, collaboration and social gathering which were once never considered as a health crisis. Yet without overall strategic and site specific design strategies, it is unlikely that a Covid safe environment can be designed and developed for society to function ‘normally’ again.

In response to the question proposed in this thesis: How can we create spaces for collaboration and interaction which encourage users to linger at the edge where campus meets city such as that along Grattan Street?

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Urban designers alone cannot address the political, social and economic issues that are affiliated with the question. However, the design of public spaces directly effect these factors.

Whether that be spaces for difference, diversity, co-functioning or synergy, both the academy and the city should function as one multiplicity rather than singular monocultures. The edge where campus meets the city, where private meets public contain the greatest rhythms of movement and activity. If we continue to ignore these edges, we will never be able to achieve town and gown relationships let along public private synergies.

Thus, the urban design role that this thesis takes extends beyond the programs within the built form to explore the possibilities of distributing these activities at the edge to engage academy and city mix to positively initiate a collaborative environment along edges like Grattan Street.

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123 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to thank my studio leaders Elliet, Tahj and Toby for an amazing final semester of my Urban Design Masters. While the studio was taught unconventionally (through zoom) due to the COVID-19 pandemic, I still learned a lot from the three of you. Thank you for sharing your experiences and projects which helped inspire me and the development of my project. I would also like to thank my fellow students of architecture and urban design which also took the studio, it was so rewarding for the studio to be interdisciplinary as we were able to share ideas, techniques and critique each other’s work. Thank you to the guest critiques for sitting in to listed and provide valuable feedback to our projects.

To my friends, family and colleges, thank you for your never-ending support mentally and physically to push me through those last couple of weeks and cross the finish line, I appreciate all your guidance and advice you’ve provided me throughout my degree.

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07 REFERENCES

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Golembiewski. J. (2010). Start making sense Applying a salutogenic model to architectural design for psychiatric care. Facilities. 28. 100117. 10.1108/02632771011023096.

Amin, A. and Thrift, N. (2002) Cities: Re-imagining the Urban, Cambridge: Polity

Golembiewski. J. (2012). Salutogenic design: The neural basis for health promoting environments.

World Health Design Scientific Review. 5. 62-68.

Bruni. F. (2020). How to go to college during a Pandemic. Students at Minerva spend four years entirely online. Is this the future of higher education?. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes. com/2020/08/01/opinion/sunday/minerva-collegecoronavirus.html Dovey. K & Wood. S. (2015). Public/private urban interfaces: type, adaptation, assemblage.

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10.1080/17549175.2014.891151.

Dovey, K. (2016) Urban Design Toolkit: A Conceptual Thinking, New York: Bloomsbury academic.

Dubb, S., & Howard, T. (2007). Linking colleges to communities: Engaging the university for community development. College Park, MD: The Democracy Collaborative at the University of Maryland.

Firth. V & Nyland. J (2020). After coronavirus, universities must collaborate with communities to support social transition. Retrieved from: https:// theconversation.com/after-coronavirus-universitiesmust-collaborate-with-communities-to-supportsocial-transition-140541 Ghel. J. (2011) Life between buildings: Using public space, Washington D.C.: Island Press.

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Hatcher. W. (2014). Cultivating Town and Gown Relationships for Development Success. Retrieved from https://patimes.org/cultivating-town-gownrelationships-development-success/ Health Management.org. (2012). The Therapeutic Benefits of Salutogenic Hospital Design. Health Management, Volume 14, Issue3. Retrieved from https://healthmanagement.org/c/it/issuearticle/ the-therapeutic-benefits-of-salutogenichospital-design#:~:text=Conclusion,coping%20 strategies%20and%20promote%20health.

Hou, J. (2020). Guerrilla urbanism: Urban design and the practices of resistance. Urban Design International, 25(2), 117-125. doi:10.1057/s41289020-00118-6 Illanes. P, Law. J, Mendy. A et.al (2020).

Coronavirus and the campus: How can US higher education organize to respond? Retrieved from: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-andsocial-sector/our-insights/coronavirus-and-thecampus-how-can-us-higher-education-organizeto-respond# Karaca, Elif. (2018). Salutogenic Approach For Designing Restorative Environments. The Journal of Academic Social Sciences. 67. 116-131.

10.16992/ASOS.13501.

Lazzeroni, Michela & Piccaluga, Andrea. (2015).

Beyond 'town and gown': the role of the university in small and medium-sized cities. Industry and Higher Education. 29. 10.5367/ihe.2015.0241.

Lewis. P, Lewis. D.J, Tsurumaki. M et.al. (2020).

Manual of Physical Distancing: Space, Time and Cities in the Era of Covid-19. Retrieved from: https://issuu.com/djlewis72/docs/200622_ manualphysicaldistancing_ Maurrasse. D. (2002). Beyond the Campus: How Colleges and Universities Form Partnerships with their Communities. Great Britain, Routledge.

McCarthy. N. (2020). COVID-19’s staggering impact on global education. Retrieved from: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/03/ infographic-covid19-coronavirus-impact-globaleducation-health-schools/

Sandstrom. N & Nevgi. A (2019). From needs to deeds Where is pedagogy in changing the working and learning environments on a university campus?. Journal of Corporate Real Estate. Vol (22) No.1, 1-20 Storms, Keith & Simundza, Dan & Morgan, Elizabeth & Miller, Scott. (2019). Developing a resilience tool for higher education institutions: A must-have in campus master planning. Journal of Green Building. 14. 187-198. 10.3992/19434618.14.1.187.

Wells. P, Abouarghoub. W, Pettit. S & Beresford. A (2020) A socio-technical transitions perspective for assessing future sustainability following the COVID-19 pandemic, Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy, 16:1, 29-36, DOI: 10.1080/15487733.2020.1763002

Montgomery. C. (2013). Happy city: transforming our lives through urban design. First edition. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Perry. D (2010) The University and Urban Revival: Out of the Ivory Tower and into the Streets by Judith Rodin, Journal of Urban Affairs, 32:1, 134137, DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9906.2009.00489.x Rodin. J. (2007). The University and Urban Revival: Out of the Ivory Tower and into the Streets. University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania Press.

Rosmarin. T (2020). Public spaces bind cities together. What happens when coronavirus forces us apart?. Retrieved from https://theconversation. com/public-spaces-bind-cities-togetherwhat-happens-when-coronavirus-forces-usapart-133763

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IMAGES Archdaily. (2016). Tianjin Luneng Taishan College / Lacime Architectural Design. Retrieved from: https:// www.archdaily.com/868965/tianjin-luneng-taishan-college-lacime-architectural-design?ad_medium=gallery Archello. (2015). Monash University Caufield Campus Green. Retrieved from: https://archello.com/en/project/ monash-university-caulfield-campus-green Bar 9 (Pop Up). (2013). The Depot – Franklin St, Adelaide. Retrieved from: https://timmyvolume.wordpress. com/2013/02/21/bar-9-pop-up/ Chrofi. (2015). The Goods Line. Retrieved from: http://www.chrofi.com/project/the-goods-line Cummings. S. (2018). Outdoor coworking spaces to pop up at The Navy Yard. Retrieved from: https://www. phillyvoice.com/outdoor-coworking-space-the-navy-yard/ Droga.B. (2017). New designs revealed for Metro Tunnel Stations. Retrieved from: https://www.broadsheet. com.au/melbourne/city-file/article/release-new-metro-tunnel-station-concept-images Kaufman.D. (2012). Interboro lentspace, New York. Retrieved from: https://divisare.com/projects/194229interboro-michael-falco-lentspace-new-york Marser. (2009). Raindrops (Byoudouin temple, Kyoto). Retrieved from: https://www.flickr.com/photos/ marser/3507610634/ Mooool. (2016). Crescent Plaza For Fairfield Council By Group Gsa. Retrieved from: https://mooool.com/en/ crescent-plaza-for-fairfield-council-by-group-gsa.html Ommer. U. (2004). 1000 Families exhibition in Chicago USA. Retrieved from: http://www.1000families. eu/1000families/exhibitions.php Pintos. P. (2018). Waterloo Arts Quad Outdoor Spaces / Bennett Oh. Retrieved from: https://www.archdaily. com/925888/waterloo-arts-quad-outdoor-spaces-bennet-oh Sedeh. A. (2019). Nike Air Max 720 # Studio Nowhere. Retrieved: https://www.behance.net/ gallery/78110255/Nike-Air-Max-Campaign-720-Just-Go-Bigger Shiftspace. (2011). Parklet. Retrived from: https://www.shiftspacedesign.com/portfolio/parklet/ Slade. T. (2016). Pop-Up Urban Experiments At The Human Scale. Retrieved from: https://popupcity.net/ observations/pop-up-urban-experiments-at-the-human-scale/ Theconnectable.com. Retrieved from: https://www.pinterest.com.au/pin/331155378855959947/ Walsh. N.P. (2018). WE Architecture Unveils Pixelated Pop-Up Architecture Office at BLOX Copenhagen.

Retrieved from: https://www.archdaily.com/905006/we-architecture-unveils-pixelated-pop-up-architectureoffice-at-blox-copenhagen?ad_medium=gallery Wright. L.. (2016). Designs of Melbourne’s Metro Tunnel stations unveiled. Retrieved from: https:// architectureau.com/articles/designs-of-melbournes-metro-tunnel-stations-unveiled/?utm_ source=ArchitectureAU&utm_campaign=c2e1441d5d-AAU_2016_05_27&utm_medium=email&utm_ term=0_e3604e2a4a-c2e1441d5d-40800889&mc_cid=c2e1441d5d&mc_eid=496027747a Wong. J. (2018). Urban Bloom / AIM Architecture + URBAN MATTERS. Retrieved from: https://www. archdaily.com/891819/urban-bloom-aim-architecture-plus-urban-matters Zhang. H. (n.d.). Galaxy Soho. Retrieved from: https://hzhang.photoshelter.com/gallery-image/Galaxy-SoHo/ G0000q1iZeRiftMY/I0000BxlTyp.9uBg RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 122

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APPENDIX A. BACKGROUND RESEARCH

COVID-19 IMPACT Before

After

Before

After

This small series of comics aims at portraying how our lives have changed as a result of COVID-19. Where we were once free to socialist publicly without having to worry about our health and safety has been completely changed now.

More than ever we are cautious about our immediate surroundings such as keeping distant from others and watching what we touch.

Our daily habits of morning routines have also changed as we shift from working on site to remote.

How will this impact how we perceive and use our public spaces in the future?

Figure 18. Covid-19 before and after cartoons (Image by Author, 2020)

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OXFORD UNIVERSITY: TOWN & GOWN APPROACH UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD: OXFORDSHIRE y A small university town with a population approximate of 200,000 y Founded in approximately the 12th Century by Henry II y The British and European centre for the arts, science, technology and innovation y 40,000+ Students which accounts to approximately 1/4 of the total population y Over 350 graduate degree programs y With 63% of graduate students coming from outside of the UK y 43% are International y The University is an important regional contributor, adding £2.3bn a year to the Oxfordshire economy y Supports 33,700 jobs in the county

Oxford in 1890 by G. W. Bacon, retrieved August 11, 2020, from. https://www.oldtowns-maps.co.uk/products/oxford-in-1890-by-g-w-bacon

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TOWN & GOWN APPROACH

Annotated Google Maps, retrieved August 25, 2020, from, www.google.com/maps

The layout of Oxford is largely ref lected in the garden city design Howard proposed for much of England. The idea of a Major Activity Centre with smaller Neighbourhood Activity Centre (NAC) branching out connected by larger highways as a green belt. Oxford can be considered as a NAC with a small belt of public open space and a larger ring of farming and agriculture land.

The university is different from the typical campus layout in that it has various departments dotted around the town of Oxford.

Each of the 38 colleges are independently governed but relate back to a larger system.

Oxford university is an example of the Town and Gown term where the university grounds is very much integrated with the rest of the surrounding town.

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e

ne

• University is running a phased return process to ensure workspaces are safe • Plan to welcome all students back for the start of Michaelmas (autumn) term 2020 • Libraries and museums are currently closed, (working on a phased reopening during the summer months) • The Botanic Garden and Harcourt Arboretum are open • Resources are being made available online with additional click and collect services available

STAGE 4

STAGE 4

timetable

STAGE 2

STAGE 3

STAGE 3 STAGE 2

STAGE 2

STAGE 3

STAGE 4

• University is running a phased return process to ensure workspaces are safe Staff & Student Wellbeing Reopening of Buildings • Over the course of the summer, • Closure of majority of departments occupying other University University Colleges buildings are preparing for the gradual • Plan to welcome all students back for reopeningstaff of their buildings, as required start Michaelmasspaces (autumn) term •the Parks & of Recreational • All non-essential members are • All departments/faculties will hav support the resumption of key 2020 open to public workingto from home been informed by their Division a activities in AutumnTerm. their provisional slot in the reope timetable • Libraries and museums are currently• University is running a phased return • Head of Departments will ensure that closed, (working on a phased reopening process to ensure workspaces are safe Staff & Student Wellbeing the building is safe to occupy and that the open summer months) •during Museums to public the course of the summer, • University operating with COVID-19 RESPONSE canofbe conducted safely • Over • Closureactivities of majority departments occupying other Uni • On-site activity permitted social distancing rules with University Colleges buildings are preparing for the gr • Plan to welcome all students back for where remote learning is not full cohort of students • The Botanic Garden and Harcourt •the reopeningstaff of their buildings, as re start Michaelmas (autumn) term possible Parks & of Recreational spaces • All non-essential members are space to Arboretum are open • Areas of university open to tofrom support the resumption of key 2020 open to• Planning public for teaching • Only essential gatherings are home accommodate any face-to-faceworking teaching public STAGE 1 activities in AutumnTerm.

STAGE 3 STAGE 4 allowedSTAGE 2 that departments are intending to deliver in and Autumn Termare 2020 • Resources are being made available • Libraries museums currently• University is running a phased return online with additional click and collect of Departments will ensure closed, (working on a phased reopening process• Head to ensure workspaces are safe services available the building is safe to occupy and during the summer months) Staff • Museums open to public • Balance face-to-face & online • University operating with activities can be conducted safely • Closure of majority of • On-site activity permitted learning social distancing rules with Colleges • University Plan to welcome all students back for where remoteGarden learning is Harcourt not full cohort of students • The Botanic and • Increase public access to the start Michaelmas (autumn) term possible • Parks & of Recreational spaces for teaching space Arboretum are open •toAll colleges & non-teaching / • Areas of university open to 2020 to• Planning open public • Only essential gatherings are accommodate any face-to-face te wor education related events public allowed that departments are intending to Autumn Term 2020 • Resources are being made available • Librariesinand museums are currently• Uni online with additional click and collect closed, (working on a phased reopening services available proc during the open summer months) • Museums to public • Balance face-to-face & online • University operating with • On-site activity permitted learning social distancing rules with • Plan remoteGarden learning is Harcourt not full cohort of students • where The Botanic and • Increase public access to the possible Arboretum are open colleges & non-teaching / • Areas of university open to 202 Staff & Student Wellbeing Reopening of Buildings • Only essential gatherings are education related events public allowed • Resources are being made available • Libr online with additional click and collect clos services available duri • Balance face-to-face & online • University operating with • All non-essential staff members are • All departments/faculties will have learning social distancing rules with full cohort of students working from home been by their Division about • Increaseinformed public access to • The collegesprovisional & non-teaching / Arb • Areasreopening of university open to their education related events slot in the public • Museums open to public • On-site activity permitted where remote learning is not possible • Only essential gatherings are allowed

STAGE 1

ST STAGE 3 STAGE 2 STAGE 1

• All departments/faculties will have been informed by their Division about their provisional slot in the reopening timetable

• Balance face-to-face & online • Over the course of the summer, learning departments occupying •other University Increase public access to colleges non-teaching / buildings are preparing for the&related gradual education events reopening of their buildings, as required to support the resumption of key activities in AutumnTerm.

• Res onli serv

STAGE 1

t

• All non-essential staff members are working from home

STAGE 1

s

• Parks & Recreational spaces open to public

• Head of Departments will ensure that the building is safe to occupy and that activities can be conducted safely • Planning for teaching space to accommodate any face-to-face teaching that departments are intending to deliver in Autumn Term 2020

RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 129

APPENDIX B. SITE ANALYSIS

LAND USE

UNIVERSITY OWNED BUILDINGS

ROYAL PARK

MELBOURNE GENERAL CEMETARY

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE

PA R

KD

RIV

E

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE

TIN ALLEY FL

GT ON

STORY STRE ET

LYGON STRE

ET

RO AD

MEDICAL FACULTY

MAIN CAMPUS

STREET

IN

ELIZABETH STREE T

EM

GRATTAN STRE

ET

SWANSTON

BUSINESS ECONOMICS & LAW FACULTIES REET TH ST ABE ELIZ

ARGYLE SQUARE

QUEENSBERRY

STREET

VICTORIA STRE

ET

QUEEN VICTORIA MARKET

HODDLE GRID MELBOURNE CBD

0m

100m

200m

500m

Legend

0m

100m

200m

500m

Legend Subject Site

Residential

Mixed Use

Subject Site

University Owned Buildings

Student Accomodation

Commercial

Public Space

Building Footprint

Open space on Campus

The land use surrounding the university consists largely of residential and mixed use developments. Within that, student accommodation is scattered within 200m of the university’s site boundary.

However, there is no f luid transition between the campus and the community as a result of the harsh borders created by the main roads and the campus edges. The university colleges located north are closely guarded with a perimeter wall running along the northern boundary restricting access from the public.

Figure 19. University Land Use Map

Public Space

Within the greater university study area, most of the buildings are university owned which forms a rigid boundary between the campus and the rest of the surrounding city and residential areas. There are some ‘city’ buildings which have impeded into the campus and vise versa along the southern boundary.

This agglomeration of academic buildings in one place forms a barrier between land uses around the campus.

Additionally it results in the sit being used for only one purpose, to study limiting opportunity for other mixed uses to florish.

Figure 20. University Owned Buildings Map RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 131

BUILT FORM

ACCESS & MOVEMENT

ROYAL PARK

ROYAL PARK

MELBOURNE GENERAL CEMETARY

E RIV

RIV

KD

KD

PA R

PA R

TIN ALLEY

TIN ALLEY

STORY STRE ET

FL

LYGON STRE

ET

RO AD

EM

IN

GT ON

STORY STRE ET

LYGON STRE

ET

RO AD

STREET SWANSTON

STREET

GT ON

ELIZABETH STREE T

IN

ELIZABETH STREE T

EM

SWANSTON

FL

MELBOURNE GENERAL CEMETARY

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE

E

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE

GRATTAN STRE

GRATTAN STRE

ET

ET

TH ST ABE

TH ST ABE

ELIZ

ELIZ

ARGYLE SQUARE

ARGYLE SQUARE

REET

REET

QUEENSBERRY

QUEENSBERRY

STREET

VICTORIA STRE

VICTORIA STRE

ET

ET

QUEEN VICTORIA MARKET

QUEEN VICTORIA MARKET

HODDLE GRID MELBOURNE CBD

0m

100m

STREET

200m

500m

HODDLE GRID MELBOURNE CBD

0m

100m

200m

500m

Legend

Legend Subject Site

4-6 Storey

10+ Storey

Subject Site

Key Roads

Tram Stop / Route

1-3 Storey

7-9 Storey

Public Space

Major Key Roads

Bus Stop / Route

Public Space

Built form within the central campus consist of large blocks of 1-3 & 4-6 storey which cluster within the central area of the campus between Grattan Street & Tin Alley. The organisations of these buildings are clustered in a way which create a closed courtyard style. The college buildings to the north form privatized courtyards where buildings face into the campus. The built form to the southern part of the campus reflect the density and grain seen in developments towards Victoria Parade and Melbourne CBD. In contrary, the buildings which surround the university are fine grain low to medium rise dwellings which form 100x200m blocks.

The University of Melbourne is bounded by a series of key roads.

Figure 21. University Built Form Map

Figure 22. University Access & Movement Map

132 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

Elizabeth and Swanston Street have active transport to the university with both buses and trams servicing the staff and students on campus as well as the surrounding community.

LANDSCAPE & ENVIRONS

INTERFACE

ROYAL PARK

ROYAL PARK

MELBOURNE GENERAL CEMETARY

E RIV PA R

KD

RIV KD PA R

TIN ALLEY FL

GT ON

TIN ALLEY

STORY STRE ET

FL

LYGON STRE

ET

RO AD

EM

IN

GT ON

STORY STRE ET

LYGON STRE

ET

RO AD

ELIZABETH STREE T

IN

ELIZABETH STREE T

EM

MELBOURNE GENERAL CEMETARY

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE

E

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE

STREET

STREET

GRATTAN STRE

GRATTAN STRE

ET

SWANSTON

SWANSTON

ET

TH ST ABE

ELIZ

TH ST ABE

ELIZ

ARGYLE SQUARE

ARGYLE SQUARE

REET

REET

QUEENSBERRY

QUEENSBERRY

STREET

VICTORIA STRE

VICTORIA STRE

ET

ET

QUEEN VICTORIA MARKET

QUEEN VICTORIA MARKET

HODDLE GRID MELBOURNE CBD

0m

100m

STREET

200m

HODDLE GRID MELBOURNE CBD

500m

Legend

0m

100m

200m

500m

Legend Subject Site Building Footprint

Viewlines into Campus

Contour

Subject Site

Primary Entry

Inaccessible edge

Tree Canopy

Open space on Campus

Building Footprint

Secondary Entry

Inward facing buildings

The campus sits on a high point to the rest of the city. The grounds are well landscaped however there are very limited views into the campus.

Additionally, the campus lacks spaces for flexible outdoor spaces for temporary appropriation of activities and events. Most of the natural landscaping is located north of the campus where then student colleges are and the southern areas of the campus lack spaces of relief which can act as a transition space back into the city.

Figure 23. University Landscape & Environment Map

Interfaces to the university campus are restricted. There are only 2 prominent primary entries with various smaller secondary access points. Furthermore, the northern border is almost completely inaccessible to the public unless you’re a student.

The edges of the university within the central campus consists of buildings which are inward facing to create a courtyard atmosphere has resulted in the outer edges of the campus becoming inactive as it lacks transparency between the campus and community.

Figure 24. University Interface Map RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 133

THE CAMPUS EDGE

Figure 25. The Campus Edge Map

0m

Legend Main Campus Entrances

Blank / Impermeable

Direct Opaque

Car Transition

Future Melbourne Connect Site

Direct Transparent

Pedestrian Transition

Private Residential

Image Source: Dovey, Kim & Wood, Stephen. 2015

134 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

100m

200m

500m

IMPERMEABLE / BLANK

DIRECT OPAQUE

DIRECT TRANSPARENT

PEDESTRIAN SETBACK

CAR SETBACK

RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 135

PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT Figure 26. Pedestrian Movement analysis (City of Melbourne) GRATTAN ST

MONASH ROAD TIN ALLEY

136 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

ROYAL PARADE

PELHAM ST

THE FUTURE CAMPUS

Figure 27. The Future Campus Diagram 0m

100m

200m

500m

The result of retrof itting the campus will aim to achieve a degree of f luidity between the campus and the city.

Noting that Melbourne University is situated directly north of the Melbourne CBD and Commercial Activity Centre core where there agglomeration of creative professionals and services are located, it is important that for the University to be more resilient in the future, collaboration and cohesion is achieved between the campus life and city rest of the city.

RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 137

UNIVERSITY OPEN SPACE ANALYSIS UNIVERSITY PLAZA

UNION ROAD

BALDWIN SPENCER BUILDING

REDMOND BARRY BUILDING

STANDING ROOM CAFE

UNION HOUSE

UNIVERSITY PLAZA

MELBOURNE SCHOOL OF DESIGN (MSD)

UNION ROAD

RAYMOND PRIESTLEY BUILDING

Note: All tree locations are approximate and are based of GIS analysis from Nearmap Aerials and Datavic Tree Canopy 2011 Urban Forest data.

Location University Plaza is located between Melbourne School of Design and the Union house with Union road along the western and southern boundary.

Size 4217.92m/sq (approx) Existing Conditions

SEATING

BIN

GARDEN BED

ZEBRA CROSSING

BIKE RACK

INACTIVE EDGE

138 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

Assessment y Pedestrian access to the space is accessible from all surrounding areas. y There is ample shade provided by existing mature trees with a wide variety of seating options located around the edges of the plaza. y Landscaping and garden beds are designed and located uniquely allowing f lexible use of the space. y The plaza is located centrally in a courtyard style with a direct access interface to key buildings.

Function A thoroughfare to and from buildings. Most often from Union house to MSD.

https://www.film.vic.gov.au/choose-victoria/locations/university-of-melbourne-union-house

A landscaped seating place to meet up with friends or sitting on the grass for lunch.

Google Street View

A f lexible Farmers Market space every Wednesday which services the whole university

Issues y Space becomes very crowded when events are held like the Wednesday Farmers Market y No tables are provided and poor seating options are located along the edges of the space.

Opportunities y Incorporate temporary movable seating for outdoor study spaces y Installation of overhead shelters along inaccessible building edges for outdoor seating & dining y Transformation of garden beds to facilitate design oriented learning space which relate directly back to MSD y Consider the implementation of unique lighting strategies for access through the site during dark hours Potential Outcome The current University plaza can be considered a successful space as it offers a diverse range of activities and functions. It is also located ideally within the university and acts as a f lexible space which can be transformed for events, markets and daily university life. It also provides space for bike parking and ease of vehicular movement to, from and through the site.

https://environment.unimelb.edu.au/home/events/events/farmers-market2

RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 139

NORTH COURT MELBOURNE UNIVERSITY SPORT

PROFESSO RS ROAD

TIN ALLEY

NORTH COURT

UNION HOUSE Note: All tree locations are approximate and are based of GIS analysis from Nearmap Aerials and Datavic Tree Canopy 2011 Urban Forest data.

Location North Court is located directly north of the Union House nudged between the main campus and entrance to university sport and colleges Size 1031.72m/sq (approx) Existing Conditions

SEATING

BIN

GARDEN BED

ZEBRA CROSSING

BIKE RACK

INACTIVE EDGE

140 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

Assessment y Access to the space is mainly from Union House or Tin Alley y Both Car parking and bike parking are available directly behind the court y North court has a removable shelter for rainy days or whenever the space holds events y There is very little landscaping within the court, most of the garden beds act as a threshold between the court and the carpark y Main interface to the court is from union house, side entrances are rarely used y There is ample movable and fixed seating throughout the site.

Function A gathering space for lunch, meetups and activities held by UMSU

https://twitter.com/unimelb/status/898008328822902784

A space for concerts, festivals, markets and open days

https://www.pinterest.com.au/pin/123075002288676744/

A thoroughfare between student union and the colleges

Issues: y Space can become very crowded during events which would not work in a post COVID condition y Lacking calming elements like water sensitive urban design as the paving is relatively harsh and not porous y Seating spaces are provided but not comfortable Opportunities y More integration between upper and lower levels y Installation of unique lighting strategy for safer access during dark hours y Explore opportunities in expanding occupancy of space into existing carpark area making more use of the garden beds y Upgrade of existing garden beds to more comfortable seating arrangements and visual cues to the Melbourne University sporting facility Outcome The North Court can be determined as a successful space as it caters for a wide variety of events. The removable shelter is a unique addition to the space allowing for a wide range of activities to occur across different weather conditions.

Furthermore, the abundance of movable seating is a great way of providing outdoor seating spaces but can be improved in terms of style and materiality to be more comfortable and durable in the long run.

https://www.film.vic.gov.au/choose-victoria/locations/university-of-melbourne-union-house

RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 141

SYSTEM GARDENS TIN ALLEY

WEBS RAINFOREST

SYSTEM GARDEN

TOWER

FACULTY OF VETERINARY & AGRICUTURAL SCIENCE

BOTONY BUILDING 122

GREENHOUSE SCHOOL OF BIOSCIENCES Note: All tree locations are approximate and are based of GIS analysis from Nearmap Aerials and Datavic Tree Canopy 2011 Urban Forest data.

Location The system gardens is relatively secluded from the rest of the campus. It is located at the western edge of the campus and can be accessed via Tin Alley or Arts Precinct.

Size 5322.96m/sq (approx) Existing Conditions

SEATING

BIN

GARDEN BED

BIKE RACK

INACTIVE EDGE

142 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

Assessment y Limited access to the Systems Gardens makes it a relatively secluded nook from the rest of the campus y The garden is broken up into specific areas which facilitate different plant species and climate conditions which assist in the curriculum for students studying agriculture. y The garden is currently undergoing improvement works to incorporate a diverse range of plant species. y Seating is dotted throughout the space allowing visitors to be part of the natural environment.

Function

A learning landscape place for staff and students. Allowing teaching to be done outdoors rather than from books and computer screens

https://glasurban.com/?page_id=248

A sheltered space for personal reflection and relaxation

https://must.unimelb.edu.au/theatre_venue/system-gardens-university-of-melbourne/

Provides opportunity for outdoor learning

Issues y Paths within the space are narrow y Minimal seating spaces and no outdoor table and chair combinations to facilitate collaborative spaces y Poor interface to surrounding buildings and campus edge y Relatively inaccessible due to the large dominant buildings which surround the garden y Only accessible from the WEBS building from Tin Alley along the west of the campus.

Opportunities y Better lighting and access throughout the day y Incorporate a wider range of seating/ table opportunities within the landscape for information exchange and self study y Flexible seating spaces could also incorporate wireless charging and integrated GPO sockets to promote outdoor study spaces. y Consider salutogenic design to surrounding buildings such as larger open windows and green roofs Potential Outcome System Gardens is still under constant maintenance and upgrading from the Masterplan design by GLAS Landcapes (2018).

Current conditions already appeal to many staff and students due to its unique design like that of a botanical garden and conservatories at Gardens by the Bay Singapore. In addition, the unique features of smaller landscaped seating nooks along edges of existing buildings makes it a successful learning and relaxing space.

https://sustainablecampus.unimelb.edu.au/news/events

RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 143

CUSSONIA COURT & OLD QUADRANGLE

UNIVERSITY HALL

CUSSONIA COURT OLD ARTS

OLD QUADRANGLE

OLD ARTS

Note: All tree locations are approximate and are based of GIS analysis from Nearmap Aerials and Datavic Tree Canopy 2011 Urban Forest data.

Location Cussonia Court & Old Quad area two relatively small spaces beside each other. They are located just north of south Lawn within the Arts Precinct Size TOTAL: 1579.72m/sq (approx) Existing Conditions

SEATING

BIN

GARDEN BED

BIKE RACK

INACTIVE EDGE

144 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

Assessment y Cussonia Court is accessible from the north, Old Arts building, Old Quad and the South Lawn. It is mainly used as a thoroughfare to access surrounding buildings y The space is relatively small but well landscaped with minimal seating and no formal bike parking spaces y The Quad garden remains largely untouched and the surrounding corridors are thoroughfares for access to different parts of the university.

Function The elevated garden bed is an appropriated informal bike parking and seating space

https://www.weekendnotes.com/cussonia-court-at-the-university-of-melbourne/

Corridors used as photo opportunities but mostly just access to other area on campus

https://umpc.esrc.unimelb.edu.au/

Acts as a thoroughfare or meeting place for class inside the old arts building

Issues y Both spaces do not facilitate gatherings of large groups of people y Interfaces to buildings are very inactive creating an uncomfortable feeling when in the space y Corridors in Old Quad are not lit and paths in Cussonia court are narrow y There is very little seating spaces and overall create y There is minimal connection to active frontages and building interiors y Where there is public furniture, one is not allowed to stow their bike or sit on the garden bed edging.

Opportunities y Potential for better use of space within the old quad as a outdoor grassed area for learning or relaxing y Reassess the use and functions of building edges as much of the court is bounded by inactive walls y Reassess the potential for certain buildings to become transformative buildings which incorporate transition of teaching spaces to the outside y Provide a range of seating nook option for outdoor study spaces Potential Outcome Assessment of these two spaces determine that they are adequate in their current function however there is opportunity for both spaces to be upgraded into a more user friendly space which incorporates concepts of outdoor teaching and learning. ie. Garden beds could incorporate aspects of history and literature through sculptures, plaques which are in line with the Arts curriculum

https://studentvip.com.au/unimelb/parkville/maps/127796

RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 145

UNIVERSITY PUBLIC SPACES SOUTH LAWN

OLD QUADRANGLE

BAILLIEU LIBRARY

PROFESSORS

WALK

OLD ARTS

WILSON HALL

WILSON AV

ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ENUE

SOUTH LAWN / UNDERGROUND CARPARK

BROWNLESS BIOMEDICAL LIBRARY

JOHN MEDLEY Note: All tree locations are approximate and are based of GIS analysis from Nearmap Aerials and Datavic Tree Canopy 2011 Urban Forest data.

Location South Lawn is located quite centrally within the university surrounding by key buildings such as Old Arts, Baillieu Library, Wilson Hall & John Medley Building.

Size 11,357.46m/sq (approx) Existing Conditions

SEATING

BIN

GARDEN BED

ZEBRA CROSSING

BIKE RACK

INACTIVE EDGE

146 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

Assessment y South Lawn is accessible from most areas with both roads, and lanes leading to the large open space. y The lawn is largely shaded by mature trees with the main lawn elevated and open air to host a wide range of activities. y Seating, bike parking is restricted to the edges of the space with a variety of access modes like stairs and ramps leading to the site. y The lawn offers a wide range of landscaping from small seating nooks to water sensitive design

Function The space is perceived as a destination due to its magnificent Victorian buildings

https://www.film.vic.gov.au/choose-victoria/locations/university-of-melbourne-south-lawn

The space showcases a large variety of activities from university events to open days, club activities and graduation spaces. The mixed medium of nature and water gives the space a unique identity from other spaces around the university

https://twitter.com/Alber92598893

Issues y The lawn can only be used during certain times of the year when the weather is good as no temporary shelter is provided within the space. y Interfaces to the lawn are largely inactive with the exception of the Old Quadrangle acting as a thoroughfare between buildings. y There is minimal public seating areas and no table and chair combinations in the site making it a diff icult space to collaborate in.

Opportunities y Potential to reevaluate the use of interface to Wilson Hall and Engineering Department building to integrate better with the rest of the lawn space y Explore opportunities to utilise edge along Baillieu Library as an teaching and learning space which relate directly to the science & medical precinct. y Analyse spaces for permanent sheltered seating areas during colder and rainy days as the lawn becomes deserted then y Potential for better disability access from southern side of the lawn (John Medley Building) Potential Outcome South Lawn is known for its large open space and underground parking. It is a significant space aesthetically to both students, staff and visitors. I would agree that this space successful at specif ic times of the year when the weather is sunny and the grass is not wet.

Additionally, it also offers a wide range of activities both above and possibly underground.

However, improvements can be made to facilitate events and learning across a variety of conditions.

https://www.amnesty.org.au/events/melbourne-uni-volunteer-expo/

RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 147

UNIVERSITY SQUARE GRATTAN STREET

UNDER CONSTRUCTION

LEICESTER STREET

UNIVERSITY SQUARE CAR PARK

AUSTRALIA INDIA INSTITUTE

UNDER CONSTRUCTION

BARRY STREET

MELBOURNE SCHOOL OF HEALTH SCIENCES

GRADUATE HOUSE, UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE

UNIVERSITY SQUARE MELBOURNE BUSINESS SCHOOL

GIBLIN EUNSON LIBRARY

FACULTY OF BUSINESS & ECONOMICS

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LITTLE PELHAM STREET

UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE PRAYER ROOMS Note: All tree locations are approximate and are based of GIS analysis from Nearmap Aerials and Datavic Tree Canopy 2011 Urban Forest data.

Location University Square is located between Grattan Street to the north and Business / Law Faculties to the south. It’s bounded along four edges by two way lanes.

Size 18,186.91m/sq (approx) Existing Conditions

SEATING

BIN

GARDEN BED

ZEBRA CROSSING

BIKE RACK

INACTIVE EDGE

148 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

Assessment y Access to the site from the main roads of Grattan street and Pelham Street. y The public space services surrounding buildings and graduate houses. y The space to the north is currently under construction for the new Parkville Station. y The northern part of the site is largely bare and harsh with the southern lawn containing a small group of mature trees down the center and seating located along the edges y Small landscaped garden beds line the interface between footpath and road.

Function The space is perceived as a thoroughfare from the main campus to the Law building

https://svc.com.au/project-items/university-square-carlton/#iLightbox[abe6327f362a24116ac]/4

Seating along the edge of the grassed lawn is often appropriated by students as a skating parkour space.

https://svc.com.au/project-items/university-square-carlton/

The space is very minimally used for events or by students as a place regardless of weather conditions

Issues: y Lacks canopy cover y Lacks water sensitive urban design as northern part of the site is harsh y Seating spaces currently exceed the amount of vegetation yet there are no table and chair combinations to collaboration y Does not contain an attractor as it’s mainly used as a thoroughfare to get from one side of the university to the other y Large concrete benches are appropriated by skateborders y Interface to surrounding streets which have high traff ic f low Opportunities y Reevaluate the uses for the space to cater for a wider range of activities and events y Integrate smaller landscaped spaces Outcome University Square, is currently in a good position to handle social distancing as seating is spaces out and the overall site is very large. However the space does not function as successfully as anticipated with the majority of users only occupying the surrounding footpaths and smaller landscaped spaces.

The square is unappealing as it lacks canopy coverage and shelter and the concreted plaza above the carpark is harsh and bare.

https://pdsdesign.com.au/work/university-square-melbourne

RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus 149

APPENDIX C. ANALYSING MELBOURNE CONNECT

In partnership with:

MELBOURNE CONNECT

The purpose of Melbourne Connect is to CREATING A CONNECTED become an innovation INNOVATION ECOSYSTEM IN ‘hub’ which encourages THE HEART OF MELBOURNE entrepreneurship through the facilitation of 700 SWANSTON ST connecting people, place and possibilities.

The Melbourne Connect site is located on the previous Melbourne Women’s hospital along Swanston Street and will be directly opposite the main gateway to the Melbourne University Central Campus.

EXIBLE WORKING

The hub is seen as a vertical compilation or a destination for people to connect and exchange information and ideas. It has been marketed as a collaborative space where the street has been extended into the atrium / superfloor space for people to ‘connect’.

FE THE STUDIO (STREET LEVEL ACCESS)

NCIERGE

16 MEETING ROOMS

A GATEWAY TO

WORLD-CHANGING DIGITAL EXPERTISE

AN ACTIVATED SHARED SPACE FOR PEOPLE TO CONNECT, MEET, LEARN AND SHOWCASE OUR EN V IRONMENT

A ND INFR A STRUC TURE

CITIE S

PERVASIVE DEVICES

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

F O O D A N D A G R I C U LT U R E

ADVANCED NETWORKS

COGNITIVE COMPUTING

H A ND W ELLBEING

INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS

EDGE HARDWARE AND ROBOTICS

NS A ND GOV ERNMENT

H E A LT

1 2 3 4

PRIVACY AND CYBER SECURITY

CITIZE

Figure 28. Access to Melbourne Connect

OUR FUTURE ECONOM Y

DIGITAL SOCIETY

Melbourne Connect Tenants the opportunity to access wo leading expertise in digital tec including AI, data science, and robotics, drawing on the Univ comprehensive breadth of ex to drive innovation and new technologies across all sector

CONNECTED THROUGH THE PEOPLE, PLACE INFLUENTIAL AND PROGRAM AND EFFECTIVERETROFITTING GRATTANOF2020MELBOURNE I MGS Post Covid Campus 151

Melbourne Connect Site Melbourne Uni Stop 1 Future Parkville Station Future New Student Precinct

3

The hub contains a mix of co-working spaces, residential, student accommodation, galleries and the atrium super f loor to put it simply is a reception/concierge space which connects visitors to different sectors of the building.

However, while the hub seemingly acts as an ‘all in one’ package a city within a building, it is not the answer to current conditions surrounding the university campus.

An analysis of existing interfaces around the central campus and colleges presents a very different story from what the future Melbourne Connect portrays. Interfaces are largely impermeable or blank, and there is limited pedestrian access or f lexible space along current edges.

WORKSPACES TO FACILITATE COLLABORATION INDUSTRY AND GOVERNMENT PARTNERS THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE

SMALL SUITES AND SMES

CHILDCARE CO-WORKING

MELBOURNE ENTREPRENEURIAL CENTRE

SUPERFLOOR SCIENCE GALLERY MELBOURNE

CREATOR SPACE

7

Figure 29. Melbourne Connect Workspace Breakdown (Melbourne Connect)

So, how can Melbourne Connect expect to be successful when the university itself isn’t trying to address the issues at its edges and interfaces?

The proposed Melbourne Connect hub is a marketing tool to divert the university’s issues of being an insular campus that limits community, industry, and academia integration.

In a society where industry, academia and 152 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

community are needed to collaborate more than ever, the Melbourne Connect hub is an outdated resolution both to the idea of innovation and collaboration and to the COVID-19 pandemic.

COMMUNITY FEEDBACK What do you think is lacking around the edges of the university campus?

Active uses that are not just residential or cafe and lack of night activation too

The variety of affordable food around the Grattan/Elizabeth St is lacking. There are mostly higher end cafes which are not so conducive for students.

The university campus could benef it from more food stores.

They are not clearly defined. The first time I visited the uni I had no idea where it started and ended I got very lost and ended up on Lygon street

Ineff icient use of land.

A better connection with the street and surrounded context.

The tram line increases the disruption of free pedestrian movement along Swanson street. No much uses from university fronting both Swanston and Sydney rd streets

I don’t think that a physical edge is necessary for the campus, actually, I prefer more green edges instead of fences or walls.

In a post-covid world, what types of spaces do you believe will become more important and why?

Public spaces and community facilities where people can enjoy social interactions and spaces for mental and wellbeing

There will be stigma for people to be around other people, for sure, and it will not go away quickly. What I think is needed is not exactly a type of space rather a kind of environment.

Because people would still want to be around people, so I think f inding a space where we can transition from physically-distant beings to normally-distant ones once we're comfortable - maybe these could be spaces of transition, flexible enough for our need of human presence through visual or physical.

Hospital for sure.

Home as well.

Quiet study spaces where people can block themselves off from others if they need to. People will need time to adjust.to social settings again after long periods of isolation. And some people might also need that quiet retreat after working in noisy home environments during covid

Hand-wash settings in public areas and guiding logos in the ground surface.

More breakout spaces for safe socialdistancing socialisation; hand-hygiene tools in spaces with heavy traff ic.

More Sports areas and outdoor spaces. Maybe communal areas inside like pingpong tables

Mental health spaces because us young people have to deal with a terrible economic and employment situation and with uni fee increases it's looking like getting a tertiary degree will become more stressful and less fun.

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Do you feel safe walking along Swanston Street, Grattan Street and Elizabeth Streets which line the main campus? If not why?

Not at night. No people on the street.

Many dark place around the streets.

Depends on the time of day, if it's at night and if i am alone, not really.

Mostly I feel safe because there are always people around even at strange hours in the night

Elizabeth - not that safe, streets are too wide and too much car movement Grattan - there's construction on going for the tunnel so hard to say it's the best or safe place Swanston - better among the three, student residences line up, so much more people seen on a daily basis, however, I still find it a little dead especially at night Yes. It’s well lighted.

Yes, usually quite safe I feel less safe when walking around campus at night as it is not as populated.

Sometimes, there are somewhere dark at the night time and some drunk guys hanging out there, seems unsafe for me.

No, at all. They require further work related to street safety in relation to lighting, active front usages, pedestrian crossings, and hung out places.

Melbourne Connect aims at bringing academia, industry and community together to foster innovation and collaboration. What do you think about this model and are there spaces on campus currently that foster this?

This sounds like a great idea that will create more opportunities for students with creative projects, and possibly allow for networking. I don't know of any other spaces on campus that currently foster this.

There's a big lack of on spaces in the campus where students can experience work-integratedlearning or where communities can be involved or be part of what the university is doing.

Good model. Online.

I conducted a short survey online to see how both users and visitors responded to the site.

The majority of the responses to the first two questions were about connectivity and activation. Few noted the harsh barriers of fences and walls that lined the campus while others noted the lack of mixed use functions around the edges. A large percentage opting for communal areas, spaces for mental wellbeing, a transition from physically distant to normally distant and wayfinding / information logos along key access routes.

154 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

Sounds like a great idea, I have no idea if there’s any spaces like this already

The second two questions address the campus edges and the Melbourne Connect Hub. Most of the responses noted the lack of safety through the streets noted above as well as the lack of collaborative spaces on campus.

The melbourne connect model was recognised as a potentially successful model but would probably work online rather than physically.

Survey was created by the author on SurveyMonkey.com in order to conduct community feedback on the thesis proposal.

Full survey can be found here: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/8Q2TD3F

A space where there will be high density and heavy f low of people and in a post-pandemic time where social distancing will be required, the hub will not be able to balance f low and density. Additionally, the location and architectural box form limits visibility into and out of the site and does not contribute positively to the surrounding interfaces of the existing university campus.

Street resulting in the station becoming another major gateway onto the campus. With the current inactive edge conditions along Grattan street, the university will struggle to maintain the f low from these three gateways onto the campus and provide appropriate spaces to facilitate innovation, collaboration, and interaction.

I’m proposing to take the modelled program of Melbourne Connect and apply it to the existing interfaces along the edges of Grattan Street, Swanston Street and Elizabeth Street.

The modelled program contains the following themes:

ON THE DOORSTEP OF AN ICONIC NEIGHBOURHOOD STATE-OF-THE-ART FACILITY MELBOURNE CONNECT IS WOVEN INTO CARLTON; ONE OF MELBOURNE’S MOST WELL-LOVED AND ESTABLISHED NEIGHBOURHOODS

THE SOLUTION? Before the University seeks to expand its innovation and collaboration approach to isolated buildings, it should look within its own campus and address the issues and opportunities f irst.

Inactive interfaces cause poor visibility, access and movement issues and appropriation of space. These elements lead to the edges feeling unsafe, unwelcoming, and deserted. The Grattan Street & Swanston Street and Grattan Street & Elizabeth Street are major gateways to the university’s central campus from the CBD. An analysis of pedestrian f low across the f irst week of Semester 1 2020 noted that the highest pedestrian f lows occurred from these 2 gateway intersections.

Furthermore, the future Parkville Station will be located along the western edge of Grattan

From the vibrant dining scene, historic cafe culture and unique retail offering of Lygon Street to green parklands and cultural landmarks - Carlton is an iconic suburb and amenity-rich community on the edge of Melbourne’s CBD.

A WORKPLACE THAT FOSTERS INCREDIBLE IDEAS • Large floor plates designed to DINING ACCESS encourage interaction between

• Contemporary ceiling-free design

CONNECT

• Adaptability providedA by 130mm urban Moments to unique dining progressive the University of Melbourne andCentral to green open access floors experiences including spaces, key transport links, neighbourhood for industry partners Carlton Wine Room, DOC, bikeways and• Precinct-wide 5 mins accessbase building people to connect • PCA-A grade Heartattack & Vine, King & to Melbourne’s CBD Information and Communications (ICT) Godfree and more infrastructure including Wi-Fi • Parametrically designed façade system optimises performance and daylight access

LANEWAY RETAIL

HEALTH AND WELLBEING

The retail mix will be curated to meet the needs of the academic, commercial and student community

Best practice end of trip facilities, bike parking, Walkscore of 98, Transit Score of 100 and concierge service

STRONG PUBLIC TRANSPORT LINKS Frequent train, tram and bike connections

5

ARTIST IMPRESSION

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BREAKING THE MODEL

RETROFITTING MELBOURNE CONNECT

CONNECT HEALTH & WELLBEING ACCESS CO-WORKING CREATIVE OUTLET STRONG PT LINKS 156 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

APPLICATION TO THE UNIVERSITY EXISTING

Legend

p / Route

General Buildings

Science & Engineering

Environment & Design

Business & Economics

University Colleges

Arts & Music

Sport

Education

Access

Dining & Small Suites

Creator Spaces

Retail & Coworking

The Campus & Connections

PROPOSED

Legend Connect Health & Wellbeing

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APPENDIX D. DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

The proposal will divide the street into 3 sections; Swanston Street Intersection, Parkville Station & Elizabeth Street Intersection. These 3 sections have 3 distinctly different streetscape characteristics.

Swanston Street is characterized by the brutalist structure of the Stop 1 building with surrounding low rise commercial and residential developments Parkville Station is the core connection between the main campus and the business / law district where the university buildings are intertwined with parts of the city Elizabeth Street is characterised by a mix of modernistic and brutalist developments all of which are large singular buildings on a lot.

The intersection is also an innovation hub connecting the campus with the city’s medical and research district.

All three sections will be expected to have a heavy pedestrian flow both currently and after the station is complete. Thus a heavily vehicular dominant streetscape would not only not be able to handle a surge in pedestrian flow but would also raise health and safety concerns for the users.

The proposal aims to close Grattan Street fully throughout the day with vehicular access limited to between 8pm & 7am (see Pedestrian Movement Analysis) as these hours present the lowest pedestrian movement.

The closure of Grattan Street would allow the community to reclaim the street and provide space for the university to host activities outside of the main campus. This shared zone coupled with a proposed active street interface with ground floor retail & commercial would create more space for on street spillage in a time when social distancing is required more than ever.

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STUDY AREA

FIXED

Where people congregate to the edges of the built form, the edges become a space for exchange to occur. More formalise edge conditions can still be porous but would have structure and order and may include elements such as: Benches, seating, landscaped garden beds and built structures.

SEMI - FIXED

Semi-f ixed spaces allow opportunities for modification, appropriation and interpretation. These spaces allow the user to interact more with their surroundings. Semi-f ixed structures may include: Signage (wayf inding signage), tables and chairs, platforms and other movable items.

UN - FIXED

Un-f ixed spaces facilitate possibilities for conflict but also enriches street life and pedestrian f low. These spaces give users freedom of occupation from the way people sit to stand and move through the space. It becomes f lexible and f luid.

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INFRASTRUCTURE & ENGINEERING

STOP 1

SWANSTION STREET

ELIZABETH STREET

FACULTY OF MEDICINE

MELBOURNE CONNECT

GRATTAN STREET ALLAN GILBERT BUILDING

UNIVERSITY SQUARE

0m

50m

100m

Legend Parkville Station Site

Gateway

Semi / Unfixed

Blank/Impermeable

Proposed Station Entrances

Fixed

Dissolve Edge

Direct Transparent

Streetscape along Grattan street is not coherent and has poor interface to both the university and surrounding built form. The current construction works for the future Parkville Station further inhibits movement along the street.

COLLABORATION

HEALTH

SEAT

INNOVATION

TEMPORARY TEACH & LEARN

STREET SPACE COMMUNITY

The analysis identif ies the inactive interfaces and suggests to create a more coherent streetscape while addressing the campus-city relationship.

COMMUNITY

RECREATION

INNOVATION

HEALTH

PED PATH

URBANISM SEAT

ART APPRECIATION

GUIDE

GUIDE

PED PATH

SEAT

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FRAMEWORK PLAN

162 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

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DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES 1. Create a homogeneous streetscape connecting Elizabeth and Swanston Street

PROBLEM STATEMENT: The streetscape along Grattan Street allows minimal cross movement. Many sections of the street are not pedestrian accessible restricting them to the footpath. The street is largely dominated by two lane vehicular traffic travelling both directions.

DESIGN OBJECTIVE: - Remove Kerbsides to promote spill over onto street - Differentiate zones through an integrated street paving palette - Prioritize spaces for pedestrian appropriation - Slow vehicular movement through landscape and temporal event spaces ANTICIPATED OUTCOME: A smoother transition from campus to city through the design of soft spaces along edges. These spaces will facilitate interactions across various distances; (intimate, personal, social and public) 2. Improve relationship between university and city

PROBLEM STATEMENT: Grattan Street is not pedestrian friendly due to its harsh interfaces along both sides of the street.

Edges are currently impervious from high fences and dominant blank walls limiting through movement between campus and city.

DESIGN OBJECTIVE: - Create visual links between city and campus edge - Strategy for vehicular movement to be redirected to B.O.H laneways - Pedestrian entry and movement should be easily identifiable ANTICIPATED OUTCOME: Users are encouraged to linger at the edge rather than use Grattan Street as a thoroughfare.

164 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

3. Facilitate a sense of arrival at major gateways

PROBLEM STATEMENT: There is currently no sense of arrive entering the campus as buildings largely face inwards with B.O.H interfacing the edge. The lack of activation of the northern edge of Grattan street reduces the probability of prolonged activity across the streetscape.

DESIGN OBJECTIVE: - Strategy for University Square and Parkville Station as a destination - Activate ground level frontages for street level interaction - Improve signage at key intersections - Provide spaces along streetscape which promote coworking ANTICIPATED OUTCOME: Gateways will act as destination and linkage between campus and city. They will include a range of programs which benefit and engage students, visitors, and workers alike.

4. Provide moments of intensity and tranquility

PROBLEM STATEMENT: Intensity along Grattan Street occurs mostly at Swanston and Elizabeth St intersections where major public transport stops are located. Grattan Street itself is not active as most of the interfaces to the street is vehicular based.

DESIGN OBJECTIVE: - Where blank walls and inactive facades are not removable design ‘addons’ to these spaces - Consider spaces that can be multi use - Design study nooks or meeting spaces along the edge which facilitate single and group settings ANTICIPATED OUTCOME: The street will facilitate a range of activities from active to passive appropriation of edges. With bubble of intensity along the street edge.

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EXPLORING TYPOLOGIES MARKET / TRADING SPACE OUTDOOR CLASSROOM PEDESTRIAN WANDERING PATH

PEDESTRIAN OCCUPIED SPACE

EXTENDED PLAZA/ EVENT SPACE

COLLAB SPACE

SHADED UMBRELLA AROUND STOOLS

CIRCULATION

12m 6m 12m

3m

30m wide road division: - 6m wide shared zone for bike and car - 3m wide winding dedicated pedestrian footpath -12m wide pedestrian occupancy space which allows for various activity and seating

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MARKET / TRADING SPACE SHARED ROAD

SHADED BUS STOP

SINGLE SEAT

STEPPED SEATING

SHADED BUS STOP

COLLAB SPACE GARDEN BED

GARDEN BED

OUTDOOR DINING

HEALTH NOOK

STUDY SPACE

SOCIALLY DISTANT SEATING

OUTDOOR SEATING

EVENT SPACE

Plaza space division - Paving circles will be 1.5m radius marking out typical space for social distancing - Various types of sheltered seating spaces which will be various sizes allowing different number of people to occupy the space.

- 3m wide: 1 person

- 4m wide: 2 person

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MARKET / TRADING SPACE OUTDOOR CLASSROOM PEDESTRIAN WANDERING PATH

PEDESTRIAN OCCUPIED SPACE

COLLAB SPACE

SHADED UMBRELLA AROUND STOOLS

SHADED UMBRELLA AROUND STOOLS

168 RETROFITTING GRATTAN 2020 I MGS Post Covid Campus

EXTENDED PLAZA/ EVENT SPACE

MARKET / TRADING SPACE SHARED ROAD

SHADED BUS STOP

GARDEN BED

SINGLE SEAT

STEPPED SEATING

SHADED BUS STOP

COLLAB SPACE

OUTDOOR DINING

HEALTH NOOK

STUDY SPACE

GARDEN BED

OUTDOOR CLASSROOM

SOCIALLY DISTANT SEATING

OUTDOOR SEATING

COLLABORATION SPACE

STEPPED SEATING

SHADED BUS STOP

TRADING SPACE

PRECEDENT

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Retrof itting the Campus:

Urban Design Thesis 2020

Studio Leaders:

Elliet Spring, Tahj Rosmarin, Toby Woolley